id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 1 Troubadour Troubadour NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 3 Wikipedia wikipedia NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 4 Troubadour troubadour NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 6 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 9 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 10 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 11 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 13 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 14 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 16 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 17 Composer Composer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 19 performer performer NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 21 lyric lyric NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 22 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 23 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 25 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 26 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 27 Ages Ages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 29 Trovatore Trovatore NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 31 redirects redirect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 32 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 1 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 2 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 2 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 2 3 opera opera NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 2 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 2 5 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 2 6 Il Il NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 2 7 trovatore trovatore NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 2 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 3 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 3 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 3 3 uses use NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 3 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 3 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 3 6 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 3 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 3 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 3 9 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 3 10 Troubadour Troubadour NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 3 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 3 12 disambiguation disambiguation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 3 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 3 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 4 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 4 2 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 4 3 Perdigon Perdigon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 4 4 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 4 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 4 6 fiddle fiddle NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 4 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 1 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 4 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 6 Medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 7 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 8 Troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 9 entertaining entertain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 11 monarch monarch NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 12 Overview Overview NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 13 Composers Composers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 15 Theorists Theorists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 18 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 19 Instruments Instruments NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 20 Goliard Goliard NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 21 Ars Ars NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 22 antiqua antiqua NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 23 Troubadour Troubadour NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 24 Trouvère Trouvère NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 25 Minnesang Minnesang NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 26 Ars Ars NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 27 nova nova NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 28 Trecento Trecento NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 29 Ars Ars NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 30 subtilior subtilior JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 31 Major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 32 figures figure VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 33 Notker Notker NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 34 Guido Guido NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 35 Bernart Bernart NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 36 Walther Walther NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 37 Hildegard Hildegard NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 38 Pérotin Pérotin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 39 Adam Adam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 40 Franco Franco NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 41 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 42 Vitry Vitry NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 43 Machaut Machaut NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 44 Landini Landini NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 45 Dunstaple Dunstaple NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 46 Major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 47 forms form VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 48 Canso Canso NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 49 Conductus Conductus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 50 Formes Formes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 51 fixes fix VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 52 Ballade Ballade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 53 Rondeau Rondeau NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 54 Virelai Virelai NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 55 Geisslerlied geisslerlied JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 56 Gregorian gregorian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 57 chant chant JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 58 Lai Lai NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 59 Liturgical Liturgical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 60 drama drama NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 61 Madrigal Madrigal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 62 Motet Motet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 63 Organum Organum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 64 Planctus Planctus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 65 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 66 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 67 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 68 A a NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 69 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 70 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 71 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 72 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 73 /ˈtruːbədʊər /ˈtruːbədʊər NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 74 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 75 -dɔːr/ -dɔːr/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 76 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 77 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 78 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 79   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 80 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 81 tʁubaduʁ tʁubaduʁ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 82 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 83 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 84 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 85 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 86 طربي طربي NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 87 دور‎ دور‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 88 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 89 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 90   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 91 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 92 tʁabi tʁabi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 93 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 94 duʁ duʁ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 95 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 96 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 97 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 98 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 99 trobador trobador NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 100 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 101 tɾuβaˈðu tɾuβaˈðu NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 102 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 103 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 104 listen listen VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 105 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 106 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 107 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 108 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 109 composer composer NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 110 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 111 performer performer JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 112 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 113 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 114 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 115 lyric lyric NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 116 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 117 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 118 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 119 High High NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 120 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 121 Ages Ages NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 122 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 123 1100–1350 1100–1350 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 124 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 5 125 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 6 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 6 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 6 3 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 6 4 troubadour troubadour NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 6 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 6 6 etymologically etymologically RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 6 7 masculine masculine JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 6 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 6 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 6 10 female female JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 6 11 troubadour troubadour NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 6 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 6 13 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 6 14 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 6 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 6 16 trobairitz trobairitz NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 6 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 2 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 3 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 5 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 6 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 9 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 10 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 11 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 13 Occitania Occitania NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 17 subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 18 spread spread VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 20 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 22 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 7 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 1 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 3 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 6 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 8 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 9 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 10 sprang spring VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 11 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 12 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 13 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 16 Minnesang Minnesang NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 18 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 20 trovadorismo trovadorismo NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 22 Galicia Galicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 24 Portugal Portugal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 27 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 30 trouvères trouvère NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 32 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 33 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 8 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 1 Dante Dante NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 2 Alighieri Alighieri NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 4 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 5 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 6 vulgari vulgari JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 7 eloquentia eloquentia NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 8 defined define VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 10 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 11 lyric lyric NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 13 fictio fictio NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 14 rethorica rethorica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 15 musicaque musicaque NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 16 poita poita NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 18 rhetorical rhetorical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 20 musical musical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 23 poetical poetical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 24 fiction fiction NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 9 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 4 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 6 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 7 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 9 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 12 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 16 mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 17 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 18 century century JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 19 resurgence resurgence NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 22 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 25 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 26 declined decline VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 29 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 30 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 32 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 34 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 37 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 38 Death Death NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 40 1348 1348 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 42 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 43 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 44 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-2900 10 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 11 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 11 2 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 11 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 11 4 troubadour troubadour PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 11 5 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 11 6 deal deal VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 11 7 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 11 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 11 9 themes theme NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 11 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 11 11 chivalry chivalry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 11 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 11 13 courtly courtly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 11 14 love love VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 11 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 12 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2900 12 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 12 3 metaphysical metaphysical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 12 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 12 5 intellectual intellectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 12 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 12 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 12 8 formulaic formulaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 12 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 13 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 13 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 13 3 humorous humorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 13 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 13 5 vulgar vulgar JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 13 6 satires satire NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 13 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 1 Works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 4 grouped group VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 5 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 6 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 7 styles style NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 10 trobar trobar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 11 leu leu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 13 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 16 trobar trobar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 17 ric ric NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 19 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 23 trobar trobar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 24 clus clus NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 26 closed closed JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 14 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 1 Likewise likewise RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 2 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 4 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 5 genres genre NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 8 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 9 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 10 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 12 canso canso NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 15 sirventes sirvente NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 17 tensos tenso NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 19 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 20 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 23 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 24 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 25 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 26 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 15 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 3 Etymology etymology NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 5 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 6 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 7 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 8 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 9 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 10 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 11 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 12 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 13 3.2 3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 14 Spread Spread VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 15 3.3 3.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 16 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 17 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 18 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 19 Lives live VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 20 4.1 4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 21 Status status NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 22 4.2 4.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 23 Trobadors Trobadors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 25 joglars joglar VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 26 4.3 4.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 27 Vidas Vidas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 29 razos razos VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 30 4.4 4.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 31 Podestà Podestà NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 32 - - : en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 33 troubadours troubadour VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 34 4.5 4.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 35 Trobairitz trobairitz NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 36 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 37 Works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 38 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 39 Schools Schools NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 41 styles style NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 42 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 43 Genres Genres NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 44 5.3 5.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 45 Performance Performance NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 46 5.4 5.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 47 Music music NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 48 5.5 5.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 49 Grammars grammar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 51 dictionaries dictionarie VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 52 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 53 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 54 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 55 Transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 56 6.2 6.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 57 Table table NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 59 chansonniers chansonnier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 60 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 61 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 62 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 63 Notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 64 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 65 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 66 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 67 Etymology Etymology NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 68 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 69 name[edit name[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 70 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 71 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 72 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 73 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 74 troubadour troubadour NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 75 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 76 borrowed borrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 77 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 78 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 79 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 80 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 81 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 82 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 83 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 84 1575 1575 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 85 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 86 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 87 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 88 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 89 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 90 mean mean VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 91 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 92 langue langue NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 93 d'oc d'oc NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 94 poet poet NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 95 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 96 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 97 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 98 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 99 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 100 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 101 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 102 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 103 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 104 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 105 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 106 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 107 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 108 Nostredame Nostredame NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 109 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 110 Vies Vies NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 111 des des FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 112 anciens ancien VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 113 Poètes Poètes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 114 provençaux provençaux JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 115 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 116 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 117   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 118 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 119 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 120 Gdf Gdf NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 16 121 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 17 1 Compl Compl NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 17 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 17 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 17 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 2 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 6 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 8 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 11 troubador troubador NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 13 trobadors trobador NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 15 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 18 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 20 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 21 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 22 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 24 Cercamon Cercamon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 18 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 19 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 19 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 19 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 19 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 19 5 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 19 6 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 19 7 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 19 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 19 9 borrowed borrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 19 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 19 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 19 12 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 19 13 trobador trobador NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 19 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 4 oblique oblique JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 5 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 8 nominative nominative JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 9 trobaire trobaire NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 11 composer composer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 14 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 16 trobar trobar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 19 compose compose VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 22 discuss discuss VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 25 invent invent VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 28 Wace Wace NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 30 Brut Brut NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 32 editions edition NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 33 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 34 Arnold Arnold NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 36 3342 3342 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 20 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 1 Trobar Trobar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 2 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 3 come come VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 6 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 10 hypothetical hypothetical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 11 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 12 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 13 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 14 tropāre tropāre NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 17 compose compose VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 20 invent invent VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 22 poem poem NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 25 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 26 phonetic phonetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 27 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 21 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 22 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 22 2 reconstructed reconstruct VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 22 3 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 22 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 22 5 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 22 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 22 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 22 8 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 22 9 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 22 10 tropus tropus NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 22 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 22 12 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 22 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 22 14 trope trope NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 22 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 2 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 5 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 6 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 7 derives derive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 8 ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 10 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 11 τρόπος τρόπος NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 13 tropos tropos NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 16 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 18 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 20 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 23 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 4 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 5 Intervocal Intervocal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 6 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 7 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 8 p p NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 10 shifted shift VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 11 regularly regularly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 13 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 14 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 17 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 19 cf cf NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 24 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 25 1 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 25 2 sapere sapere JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 25 3 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-2900 25 4 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 25 5 saber saber NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 25 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 25 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 25 8 know know VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 25 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 25 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2900 25 11 cf cf NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 25 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 26 1 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 26 2 sapere sapere JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 26 3 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-2900 26 4 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 26 5 savoir savoir NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 26 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 26 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 2 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 3 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 4 -ātor -ātor NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 6 -atōris -atōris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 7 explains explain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 9 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 10 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 12 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 14 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 15 declension declension NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 17 accentuation accentuation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 18   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 20 Gallo Gallo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 22 Romance romance NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 23 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 24 TROPĀTOR[4 tropātor[4 IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 26 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 27 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 28 trobaire trobaire NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 30 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 31 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 34 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 35 TROPATŌRE[5 TROPATŌRE[5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 36 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 37 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 38 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 39 trobador trobador NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 40 « « VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 41   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 42 troubadour troubadour PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 43   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 44 » » NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 46 oblique oblique NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 47 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 27 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 3 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 4 alternative alternative JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 5 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 7 explain explain VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 9 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 11 trobar trobar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 15 compose compose VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 18 discuss discuss VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 21 invent invent VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 28 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 4 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 7 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 9 specialists specialist NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 11 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 14 musicologists musicologist NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 16 justify justify VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 18 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 19 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 20 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 22 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 23 Andalusian andalusian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 24 musical musical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 25 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 29 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 3 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 6 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 7 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 8 ṭaraba ṭaraba FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 9 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 10 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 15 triliteral triliteral JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 16 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 17 Ṭ Ṭ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 18 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 19 R r NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 20 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 21 B b NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 23 طرب طرب NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 26 provoke provoke NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 27 emotion emotion NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 29 excitement excitement NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 31 agitation agitation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 32 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 33 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 34 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 36 entertain entertain JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 37 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 38 singing singe VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 40 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 42 طرب طرب NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 43 أندلسي أندلسي NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 44 tarab tarab NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 45 andalusi andalusi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 47 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 48 partly partly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 49 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 51 etymon etymon NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 54 verb verb JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 55 trobar trobar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 30 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 2 6][7 6][7 LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 4 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 5 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 6 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 8 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 10 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 11 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 14 Ḍ ḍ CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 15 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 16 R r NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 17 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 18 B b NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 20 ضرب ضرب NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 23 strike strike NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 27 extension extension NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 29 play play VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 31 musical musical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 32 instrument instrument NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 31 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 5 entertain entertain VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 7 possibility possibility NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 10 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 11 homophonous homophonous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 12 Ḍ ḍ NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 13 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 14 R r NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 15 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 16 B b NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 17 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 18 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 19 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 20 contributed contribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 23 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 26 newly newly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 27 coined coin VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 28 Romance romance NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 29 verb verb JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 30 trobar trobar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 32 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 2 proponents proponent NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 5 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 6 argue argue VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 8 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 10 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 11 grounds ground NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 14 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 15 etymologies etymology NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 16 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 17 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 19 correct correct JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 23 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 24 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 25 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 26 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 28 conscious conscious JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 29 poetic poetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 30 exploitation exploitation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 33 phonological phonological JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 34 coincidence coincidence NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 35 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 36 trobar trobar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 39 triliteral triliteral JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 40 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 41 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 42 Ṭ ṭ NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 43 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 44 R r NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 45 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 46 B b NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 47 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 48 Sufi Sufi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 49 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 50 musical musical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 51 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 52 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 53 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 54 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 55 theme theme NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 56 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 57 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 58 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 59 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 60 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 61 Andalus Andalus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 62 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 63 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 64 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 33 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 4 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 5 pointed point VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 6 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 9 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 12 finding find VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 16 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 20 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 25 ardour"—the ardour"—the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 26 precise precise JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 27 semantic semantic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 28 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 29 attached attach VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 32 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 33 troubadour troubadour NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 34 — — : en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 35 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 36 allied ally VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 38 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 39 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 41 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 42 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 43 W W NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 44 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 45 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 46 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 47 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 49 وجد وجد NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 51 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 52 plays play VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 53 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 54 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 55 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 56 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 57 Sufic Sufic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 58 discussions discussion NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 60 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 62 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 63 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 64 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 65 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 66 troubadour troubadour NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 67 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 68 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 69 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 70 reflect reflect VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 71 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 34 72 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 4 Nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 7 linguistic linguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 8 facts fact NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 9 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 11 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 13 hypothetical hypothetical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 14 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 18 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 19 trover trover NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 21 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 23 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 24 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 25 early early RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 28 10th 10th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 29 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 30 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 31 trobar trobar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 33 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 35 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 36 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 40 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 41 trovere trovere JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 42 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 43 trouvère trouvère NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 44 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 45 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 46 simultaneously simultaneously RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 48 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 49 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 50 trobador trobador NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 51 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 52 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 53 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 54 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 55 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 35 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 2 archaic archaic NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 4 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 5 troubadour troubadour NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 6 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 9 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 11 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 12 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 15 mocking mocking NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 16 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 18 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 19 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 21 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 23 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 26 somebody somebody NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 27 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 28 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 29 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 30 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 36 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 1 Cercamon Cercamon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 2 writes write VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 4 Ist Ist NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 5 trobador trobador NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 7 entre entre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 8 ver ver NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 9 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 10 mentir mentir NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 12 Afollon Afollon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 13 drutz drutz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 14 e e VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 15 molhers molher NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 16 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 17 espos espos NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 19 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 20 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 21 dizen dizen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 22 qu'Amors qu'Amors NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 23 vay vay NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 24 en en IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 25 biays biay NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 27 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 28 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 37 30 between between 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38 4 Peire Peire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 5 d'Alvernha d'Alvernha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 7 begins begin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 8 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 9 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 10 mockery mockery NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 12 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 13 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 14 cantarai cantarai NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 15 d'aquest d'aquest NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 16 trobadors,[11 trobadors,[11 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 18 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 20 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 21 proceeds proceed VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 23 explain explain VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 24 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 25 none none NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 27 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 29 worth worth JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 30 anything anything NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 38 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 39 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 39 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 39 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 39 4 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2900 39 5 referring refer VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 39 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 39 7 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 39 8 seriously seriously RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 39 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 39 10 troubadours troubadour VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 39 11 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 39 12 invariably invariably RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 39 13 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 39 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 39 15 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 39 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 39 17 chantaire chantaire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 39 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 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en-wikipedia-org-2900 41 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 41 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 41 9 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 41 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 1 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 3 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 5 distinguish distinguish VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 7 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 8 eleven eleven CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 9 competing compete VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 10 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 13 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 14 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 15 below below RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 18 blend blend NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 20 the the DT 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44 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 45 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 47 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 48 sixteenth sixteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 49 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 50 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 51 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 52 Giammaria Giammaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 53 Barbieri Barbieri NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 54 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 55 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 57 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 58 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 59 suggest suggest VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 60 Arabian arabian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 61 influences influence NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 62 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 64 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 65 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 42 66 the the DT 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T. 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en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 24 extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 25 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 28 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 29 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 30 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 31 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 32 friendly friendly JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 34 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 35 Europeans Europeans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 36 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 37 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 38 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 40 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 41 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 49 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 4 Regardless regardless RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 6 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 8 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 9 involvement involvement NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 12 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 14 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 16 Magda Magda NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 17 Bogin Bogin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 18 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 19 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 20 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 21 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 23 likely likely RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 24 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 26 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 27 influences influence NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 28 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 29 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 31 courtly courtly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 32 love love VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 33 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 36 citing cite VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 37 Ibn Ibn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 38 Hazm Hazm NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 39 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 40 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 41 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 42 Ring ring NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 45 Dove Dove NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 46 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 47 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 48 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 49 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 51 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 52 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 53 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 54 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 50 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 4 Methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 6 transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 8 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 9 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 12 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 14 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 15 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 16 exist exist VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 21 Toledo Toledo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 22 School School NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 24 Translators Translators NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 26 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 27 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 28 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 29 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 30 translating translate VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 31 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 32 romances romance NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 33 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 34 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 35 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 36 Latin Latin NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 39 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 40 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 43 thirteenth thirteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 44 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 46 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 47 objectionable objectionable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 48 sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 49 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 50 removed remove VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 51 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 52 deference deference NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 53 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 55 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 56 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 51 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 4 Bernardine Bernardine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 6 Marianist Marianist NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 8 Christian Christian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 9 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 11 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 12 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 17 theology theology NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 18 espoused espouse VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 20 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 22 Clairvaux Clairvaux NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 25 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 26 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 27 Mariology Mariology NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 28 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 29 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 30 strongly strongly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 31 influenced influence VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 33 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 36 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 37 genre genre NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 52 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 1 Specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 4 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 6 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 8 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 9 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 11 disinterestedness disinterestedness NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 13 mysticism mysticism NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 16 devotion devotion NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 18 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 19 explained explain VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 21 courtly courtly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 22 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 53 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 2 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 5 reforming reform VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 6 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 8 Arbrissel Arbrissel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 11 matronage matronage NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 14 achieve achieve VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 15 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 16 ends end NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 17 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 18 explain explain VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 20 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 21 attitude attitude NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 22 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 23 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 54 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 2 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 4 Chronologically chronologically RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 6 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 9 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 11 hard hard JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 13 sustain sustain VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 16 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 17 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 19 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 20 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 21 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 24 phenomenon phenomenon NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 25 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 26 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 27 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 28 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 55 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 56 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 56 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 56 3 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 56 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 56 5 Bernardine Bernardine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 56 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 56 7 Marian marian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 56 8 theology theology NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 56 9 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 56 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 56 11 retained retain 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59 28 Pictish pictish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 30 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 32 aristocracy aristocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 34 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 35 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 36 account account VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 37 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 39 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 41 fusion fusion NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 44 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 45 courtly courtly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 46 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 59 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 60 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 60 2 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 60 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 60 4 pre pre JJ 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61 9 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 61 10 Ovid Ovid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 61 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 61 12 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 61 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 61 14 Amores Amores NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 61 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 61 16 Ars Ars NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 61 17 amatoria amatoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 61 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 61 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 61 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 61 21 lyric lyric NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 61 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 61 23 courtly courtly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 61 24 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 61 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 62 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 62 2 aetas aeta NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 62 3 ovidiana ovidiana NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 62 4 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 62 5 predominated predominate VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 62 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 62 7 the the DT 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en-wikipedia-org-2900 64 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 64 35 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 64 36 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 64 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 64 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 64 39 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 64 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 64 41 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 64 42 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 64 43 come come VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 64 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 64 45 waves wave NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 64 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 65 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 65 2 explicitly explicitly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 65 3 Catholic catholic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 65 4 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 65 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 65 6 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 65 7 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 65 8 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 65 9 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 65 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 65 11 works work VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 65 12 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 65 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 65 14 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 65 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 66 1 Liturgical Liturgical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 66 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 66 3 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 66 4 lyric lyric NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 66 5 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 66 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 66 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 66 8 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 66 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 66 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 66 11 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 66 12 liturgy liturgy NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 66 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 66 14 hymnody hymnody NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 66 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 67 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 67 2 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 67 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 67 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 67 5 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 67 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 67 7 Songs Songs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 67 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 67 9 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 67 10 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 67 11 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 67 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 68 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-2900 68 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 68 3 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 68 4 preceding precede VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 68 5 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 68 6 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 68 7 resembling resembling NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 68 8 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 68 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 68 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 68 11 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 68 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 2 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 3 grounds ground NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 5 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 6 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 9 latter latter NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 11 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 13 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 15 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 17 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 18 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 19 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 21 constructed construct VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 24 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 25 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 26 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 27 deterred deter VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 28 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 30 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 31 believe believe VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 32 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 34 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 35 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 36 existing existing JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 37 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 38 corpus corpus NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 39 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 40 merely merely RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 41 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 42 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 44 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 69 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 70 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 70 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 70 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 70 4 That that IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 70 5 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 70 6 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 70 7 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 70 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 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en-wikipedia-org-2900 70 32 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 70 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 70 34 attested attest VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 70 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 71 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 71 2 musical musical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 71 3 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 71 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 71 5 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 71 6 Martial Martial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 71 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 71 8 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 71 9 Limoges Limoges NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 71 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 71 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 71 12 singled single VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 71 13 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-2900 71 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 71 15 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 71 16 regard regard NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 71 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 5 Para Para NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 7 liturgical liturgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 9 tropes trope NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 12 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 13 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 16 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 17 preceding precede VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 19 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 20 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 21 appearance appearance NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 72 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 1 Feudal feudal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 3 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 5 -sociological -sociological JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 6 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 7 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 9 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 11 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 12 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 13 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 14 gained gain VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 15 ground ground NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 18 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 19 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 73 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 3 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 5 methodological methodological JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 6 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 9 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 10 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 12 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 15 asks ask VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 18 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 20 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 22 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 25 lyric lyric NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 26 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 27 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 28 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 30 what what WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 31 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 33 circumstances circumstance NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 34 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 35 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 36 arise arise VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 74 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 4 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 5 Marxist marxist JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 6 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 8 Erich Erich NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 9 Köhler Köhler NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 11 Marc Marc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 12 Bloch Bloch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 15 Georges Georges NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 16 Duby Duby NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 17 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 18 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 19 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 22 essential essential JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 23 hegemony hegemony NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 27 castle castle NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 30 lord lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 31 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 32 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 33 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 34 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 35 absence absence NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 36 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 38 driving drive VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 39 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 75 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 76 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 76 2 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 76 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 76 4 feudal feudal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 76 5 terminology terminology NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 76 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 76 7 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 76 8 poems poem NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 76 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 76 10 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 76 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 76 12 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 76 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 77 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 77 2 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 77 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 77 4 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 77 5 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 77 6 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 77 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 77 8 sociological sociological JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 77 9 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 77 10 psychological psychological JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 77 11 explanation explanation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 77 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 1 Folklore folklore NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 2 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 3 spring spring VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 4 folk folk NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 5 ritual ritual NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 6 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 8 María María NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 9 Rosa Rosa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 10 Menocal Menocal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 12 Alfred Alfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 13 Jeanroy Jeanroy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 14 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 15 suggested suggest VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 17 folklore folklore NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 19 oral oral JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 20 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 21 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 22 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 24 troubadour troubadour PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 25 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 27 1883 1883 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 78 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 3 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 5 Warren Warren NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 9 Gaston Gaston NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 10 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 12 Jeanroy Jeanroy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 14 reviewer reviewer NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 17 1891 1891 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 18 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 19 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 20 located locate VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 21 troubadour troubadour PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 22 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 25 festive festive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 26 dances dance NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 28 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 29 hearkening hearken VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 31 spring spring NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 34 Loire Loire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 35 Valley Valley NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 79 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 2 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 4 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 5 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 6 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 7 discredited discredit VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 9 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 11 discovery discovery NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 14 jarchas jarcha NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 15 raises raise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 17 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 20 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 22 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 24 oral oral JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 26 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 30 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 31 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 33 earlier early RBR en-wikipedia-org-2900 80 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 4 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 5 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 7 mediolatin mediolatin NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 9 Goliardic goliardic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 11 Hans Hans NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 12 Spanke Spanke NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 13 analysed analyse VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 15 intertextual intertextual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 16 connexion connexion NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 17 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 18 vernacular vernacular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 20 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 21 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 23 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 25 Goliardic Goliardic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 27 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 81 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 82 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 82 2 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 82 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 82 4 supported support VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 82 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 82 6 Reto Reto NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 82 7 Bezzola Bezzola NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 82 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 82 9 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 82 10 Dronke Dronke NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 82 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 82 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 82 13 musicologist musicologist NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 82 14 Jacques Jacques NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 82 15 Chailley Chailley NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 82 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 3 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 5 trobar trobar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 6 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 8 inventing invent VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 10 trope trope NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 14 trope trope NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 15 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 17 poem poem NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 18 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 20 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 22 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 25 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 26 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 28 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 29 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 30 signification signification NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 83 32 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 84 1 metaphor metaphor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 84 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 84 3 metonymy metonymy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 84 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 85 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 85 2 poem poem NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 85 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 85 4 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 85 5 inserted insert VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 85 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 85 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 85 8 serial serial NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 85 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 85 10 modulations modulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 85 11 ending end VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 85 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 85 13 liturgic liturgic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 85 14 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 85 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 86 1 Then then RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 86 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 86 3 trope trope NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 86 4 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 86 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 86 6 autonomous autonomous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 86 7 piece piece NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 86 8 organized organize VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 86 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 86 10 stanza stanza NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 86 11 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 86 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 87 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 87 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 87 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 87 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 87 5 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 87 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 87 7 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 87 8 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 87 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 87 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 87 11 poets poet NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 87 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 87 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 87 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 87 15 Loire Loire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 87 16 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 87 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 87 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theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 88 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 88 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 88 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 88 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 88 11 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-2900 88 12 intellectualising intellectualising NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 88 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 89 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 89 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 89 3 ennobling ennobling JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 89 4 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 89 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 89 6 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 89 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 89 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 89 9 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 89 10 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 89 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 89 12 identified identify VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 89 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 89 14 neoplatonic neoplatonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 89 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 90 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 90 2 26 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NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 105 22 1200 1200 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 105 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 105 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 1 Finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 5 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 6 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 8 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 9 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 11 spread spread VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 13 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 14 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 16 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 17 Catalonia Catalonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 19 whence whence NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 106 21 the the 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tʁubaduːʁ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 107 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 107 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 107 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 4 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 5 period[edit period[edit . en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 8 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 9 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 11 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 12 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 13 lasted last VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 15 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 16 1170 1170 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 17 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 18 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 19 1213 1213 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 108 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 109 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 109 2 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2900 109 3 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 109 4 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 109 5 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 109 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 109 7 ranks rank NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 109 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 109 9 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 109 10 belong belong VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 109 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 109 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 109 13 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 109 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 3 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 5 lyric lyric JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 6 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 9 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 10 reached reach VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 12 height height NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 14 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 15 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 18 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 20 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 21 poems poem NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 23 greatest great JJS en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 25 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 26 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 110 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 111 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 111 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 111 3 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 111 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 111 5 canso canso NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 111 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 111 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 111 8 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 111 9 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 111 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 111 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 111 12 distinguishable distinguishable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 111 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 111 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 111 15 genre genre NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 111 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 112 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 112 2 master master NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 112 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 112 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 112 5 canso canso NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 112 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 112 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 112 8 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 112 9 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2900 112 10 epitomises epitomise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 112 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 112 12 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 112 13 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 112 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 112 15 Bernart Bernart NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 112 16 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 112 17 Ventadorn Ventadorn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 112 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 3 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 4 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 7 contemporaries contemporary NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 11 Giraut Giraut NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 12 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 13 Bornelh Bornelh NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 15 reputed repute VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 17 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 18 biographer biographer NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 22 greatest great JJS en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 23 composer composer NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 25 melodies melody NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 27 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 28 live live VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 31 Bertran Bertran NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 32 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 33 Born Born NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 36 master master NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 39 sirventes sirventes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 41 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 42 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 43 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 45 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 46 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 47 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 48 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 50 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 51 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 113 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 2 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 3 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 4 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 7 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 9 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 10 generations generation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 12 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 15 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 17 15th 15th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 18 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 20 outside outside RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 22 Occitania Occitania NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 25 representing represent VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 27 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 28 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 30 lyric lyric NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 31 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 33 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 35 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 36 emulated emulate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 114 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 2 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 5 classic classic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 6 poets poet NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 8 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 9 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 11 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 14 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 16 themes theme NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 20 ideal ideal NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 23 poets poet NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 26 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 27 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 29 Toulouse Toulouse NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 31 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 32 Catalan Catalan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 34 Castilian castilian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 35 contemporaries contemporary NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 36 aspired aspire VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 115 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 3 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 4 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 7 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 10 poetic poetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 11 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 12 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 13 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 14 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 15 standardised standardised JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 17 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 18 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 20 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 22 Raimon Raimon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 23 Vidal Vidal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 25 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 27 Uc Uc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 28 Faidit Faidit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 116 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 1 Lives[edit lives[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 3 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 6 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 8 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 10 trobairitz trobairitz NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 12 Minstrel Minstrel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 14 Vida Vida NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 16 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 17 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 18 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 21 Razo Razo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 23 Consistori Consistori NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 24 del del NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 25 Gay Gay NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 26 Saber Saber NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 29 Consistori Consistori NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 30 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 31 Barcelona Barcelona NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 32 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 33 450 450 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 34 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 35 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 36 troubadours troubadour VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 37 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 39 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 40 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 41 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 43 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 45 backgrounds background NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 117 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 2 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 3 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 4 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 7 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 9 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 11 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 14 travelled travel VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 16 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 17 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 18 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 22 actors actor NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 24 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 25 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 27 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 28 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 118 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 119 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 119 2 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 119 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 119 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 119 5 wandering wander VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 119 6 entertainers entertainer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 119 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 1 Typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 3 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 4 stayed stay VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 6 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 7 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 10 lengthy lengthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 11 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 13 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 14 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 16 patronage patronage NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 19 wealthy wealthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 20 nobleman nobleman NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 22 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 120 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 121 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 121 2 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 121 3 travel travel VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 121 4 extensively extensively RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 121 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 121 6 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 121 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 121 8 sojourning sojourn VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 121 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 121 10 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 121 11 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 121 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 121 13 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 121 14 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 121 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 122 1 Status[edit status[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 122 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 122 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 122 4 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-2900 122 5 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 122 6 troubadour troubadour NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 122 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 122 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 122 9 Duke Duke NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 122 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 122 11 Aquitaine Aquitaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 122 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 122 13 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 122 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 122 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 122 16 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 122 17 nobility nobility NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 122 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 3 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 4 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 6 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 7 poets poet NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 9 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 10 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 12 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 13 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 16 sobriquets sobriquet NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 18 Cercamon Cercamon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 20 Marcabru Marcabru NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 25 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 28 princely princely JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 29 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 31 Jaufre Jaufre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 32 Rudel Rudel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 123 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 124 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 124 2 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 124 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 124 4 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 124 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 124 6 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 124 7 vidas vidas NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 124 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 124 9 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 124 10 knights knight NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 124 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 3 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 6 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 7 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 8 descriptors descriptor NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 10 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 12 Berenguier Berenguier NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 13 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 14 Palazol Palazol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 16 Gausbert Gausbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 17 Amiel Amiel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 19 Guilhem Guilhem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 20 Ademar Ademar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 22 Guiraudo Guiraudo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 23 lo lo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 24 Ros Ros NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 26 Marcabru Marcabru NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 28 Peire Peire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 29 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 30 Maensac Maensac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 32 Peirol Peirol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 34 Raimon Raimon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 35 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 36 Miraval Miraval NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 38 Rigaut Rigaut NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 39 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 40 Berbezilh Berbezilh NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 43 Uc Uc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 44 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 45 Pena Pena NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 125 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 126 1 Albertet Albertet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 126 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 126 3 Sestaro Sestaro NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 126 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 126 5 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 126 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 126 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 126 8 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 126 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 126 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 126 11 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 126 12 jongleur jongleur NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 126 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 126 14 presumably presumably RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 126 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 126 16 petty petty JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 126 17 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 126 18 lineage lineage NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 126 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 1 Later later RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 2 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 3 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 4 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 5 belong belong VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 7 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 8 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 10 ranging range VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 13 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 14 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 16 merchants merchant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 19 burgers burger NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 22 persons person NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 24 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 25 standing standing NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 28 tradesmen tradesman NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 30 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 31 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 32 worked work VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 34 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 35 hands hand NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 127 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 1 Salh Salh NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 2 d'Escola d'Escola NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 4 Elias Elias NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 5 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 6 Barjols Barjols NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 8 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 11 sons son NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 13 merchants merchant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 15 Elias Elias NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 16 Fonsalada Fonsalada NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 19 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 22 burger burger NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 24 jongleur jongleur NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 128 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 129 1 Perdigon Perdigon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 129 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 129 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 129 4 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 129 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 129 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 129 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 129 8 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 129 9 fisherman fisherman NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 129 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 129 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 129 12 Elias Elias NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 129 13 Cairel Cairel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 129 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 129 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 129 16 blacksmith blacksmith NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 129 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 1 Arnaut Arnaut NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 3 Mareuil Mareuil NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 5 specified specify VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 7 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 8 vida vida NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 10 coming come VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 13 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 14 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 17 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 18 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 19 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 21 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 23 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 24 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 26 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 27 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 28 ones one NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 30 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 31 apparent apparent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 130 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 131 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 131 2 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 131 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 131 4 possessed possess VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 131 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 131 6 clerical clerical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 131 7 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 131 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 5 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 6 springboard springboard NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 8 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 10 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 12 clerical clerical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 13 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 14 equipped equip VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 15 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 18 understanding understanding NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 20 musical musical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 22 poetic poetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 23 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 24 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 25 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 27 vocal vocal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 28 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 132 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 2 vidas vidas NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 5 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 6 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 7 note note VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 8 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 9 clerical clerical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 10 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 12 Aimeric Aimeric NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 13 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 14 Belenoi Belenoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 16 Folquet Folquet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 17 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 18 Marselha Marselha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 20 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 21 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 23 bishop bishop NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 26 Gui Gui NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 27 d'Ussel d'Ussel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 29 Guillem Guillem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 30 Ramon Ramon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 31 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 32 Gironella Gironella NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 34 Jofre Jofre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 35 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 36 Foixà Foixà NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 38 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 39 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 40 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 41 abbot abbot NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 44 Peire Peire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 45 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 46 Bussignac Bussignac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 48 Peire Peire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 49 Rogier Rogier NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 51 Raimon Raimon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 52 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 53 Cornet Cornet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 55 Uc Uc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 56 Brunet Brunet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 59 Uc Uc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 60 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 61 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 62 Circ Circ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 133 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 134 1 Trobadors trobador NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 134 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 134 3 joglars[edit joglars[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 134 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 134 5 Musicians musician NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 134 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 134 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 134 8 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 134 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 134 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 134 11 Cantigas Cantigas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 134 12 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 134 13 Santa Santa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 134 14 Maria Maria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 134 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 135 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 135 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 135 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 135 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 135 5 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 135 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 135 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 135 8 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 135 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 135 10 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 135 11 vielle vielle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 135 12 players player NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 135 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 135 14 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 135 15 citoler citoler NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 135 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 2 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 3 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 4 trobador trobador NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 6 trobaire trobaire NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 8 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 9 rare rare JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 10 compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 13 verb verb NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 14 trobar trobar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 16 compose compose VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 18 invent invent NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 23 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 24 applied apply VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 27 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 29 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 136 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 2 signified signify VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 5 poem poem NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 7 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 10 author author NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 12 trobador trobador NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 17 merely merely RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 18 sung sing VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 20 played play VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 22 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 137 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 2 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 4 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 5 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 7 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 8 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 11 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 12 careful careful JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 13 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 15 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 17 vidas vidas NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 21 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 22 applied apply VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 25 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 27 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 30 singing singing NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 32 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 34 troubadour troubadour NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 35 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 36 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 37 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 38 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 39 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 40 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 41 careful careful JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 138 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 1 Sometime sometime RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 4 middle middle NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 7 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 10 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 13 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 15 definitely definitely RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 16 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 17 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 18 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 20 inventor inventor NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 22 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 23 verse verse NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 26 performers performer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 28 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 29 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 139 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 2 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 4 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 5 joglars joglar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 7 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 8 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 10 Catalan Catalan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 14 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 15 ioculatores ioculatore NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 17 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 18 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 19 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 22 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 23 jongleur jongleur NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 25 Castilian castilian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 26 juglar juglar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 29 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 30 juggler juggler NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 33 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 34 come come VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 36 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 39 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 40 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 41 breed breed NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 43 performer performer NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 140 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 141 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 141 2 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 141 3 jongleur jongleur NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 141 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2900 141 5 joglar joglar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 141 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 141 7 really really RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 141 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 141 9 minstrel minstrel NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 141 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 3 height height NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 5 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 6 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 10 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 11 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 15 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 17 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 18 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 19 attacking attack VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 20 jongleurs jongleur NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 22 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 23 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 24 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 25 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 26 genres genre NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 27 arose arise VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 28 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 30 theme theme NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 33 ensenhamen ensenhamen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 34 joglaresc joglaresc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 37 sirventes sirventes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 38 joglaresc joglaresc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 142 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 2 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 4 debated debate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 6 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 8 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 10 adjective adjective JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 11 joglaresc joglaresc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 12 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 14 imply imply VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 18 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 21 jongleurs jongleur NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 143 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 1 Inevitably inevitably RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 3 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 5 pieces piece NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 8 genres genre NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 10 verbal verbal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 11 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 13 jongleurs jongleur NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 16 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 19 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 22 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 23 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 24 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 25 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 26 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-2900 144 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 3 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 6 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 9 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 11 Bertran Bertran NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 12 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 13 Born Born NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 16 jongleurs jongleur NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 18 performers performer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 19 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 20 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 22 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 23 compose compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 145 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 2 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 3 performed perform VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 5 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 6 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 7 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 9 singing singe VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 11 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 12 instruments instrument NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 14 dancing dancing NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 17 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 18 doing do VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 19 acrobatics acrobatic NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 146 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 2 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 6 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 7 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 9 Guiraut Guiraut NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 10 Riquier Riquier NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 11 bemoaned bemoan VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 13 inexactness inexactness NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 15 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 16 contemporaries contemporary NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 18 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 20 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 22 Alfonso Alfonso NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 23 X X NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 25 Castile Castile NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 28 noted note VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 29 patron patron NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 31 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 33 learning learning NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 35 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 36 kinds kind NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 38 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 39 clarification clarification NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 40 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 42 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 43 reference reference NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 46 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 47 trobador trobador JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 49 joglar joglar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 147 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 3 Riquier Riquier NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 5 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 6 vocation vocation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 7 deserved deserve VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 9 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 11 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 12 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 15 sloppy sloppy JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 16 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 18 joglar joglar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 19 assured assure VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 22 covered cover VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 24 multitude multitude NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 26 activities activity NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 28 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 30 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 31 doubt doubt RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 34 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 35 Riquier Riquier NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 36 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 37 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 38 wish wish VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 40 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 41 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 148 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 3 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 4 Riquier riquier NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 5 argued argue VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 6 — — : en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 8 Alfonso Alfonso NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 9 X X NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 10 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 12 agree agree VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 14 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 15 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 17 response response NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 20 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 21 penned pen VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 23 Riquier Riquier NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 24 — — : en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 25 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 27 joglar joglar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 28 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 30 courtly courtly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 31 entertainer entertainer NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 34 opposed oppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 36 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 37 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 38 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 40 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 41 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 44 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 45 troubadour troubadour NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 46 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 47 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 48 poet poet NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 50 composer composer NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 149 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 1 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 3 distinctions distinction NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 4 noted note VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 6 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 7 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 10 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 12 jongleurs jongleur NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 14 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 15 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 17 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 18 composing compose VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 20 alongside alongside RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 150 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 1 Aimeric Aimeric NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 2 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 3 Belenoi Belenoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 5 Aimeric Aimeric NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 6 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 7 Sarlat Sarlat NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 9 Albertet Albertet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 10 Cailla Cailla NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 12 Arnaut Arnaut NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 13 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 14 Mareuil Mareuil NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 16 Elias Elias NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 17 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 18 Barjols Barjols NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 20 Elias Elias NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 21 Fonsalada Fonsalada NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 23 Falquet Falquet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 24 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 25 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 27 Guillem Guillem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 28 Magret Magret NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 30 Guiraut Guiraut NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 31 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 32 Calanso Calanso NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 34 Nicoletto Nicoletto NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 35 da da NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 36 Torino Torino NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 38 Peire Peire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 39 Raimon Raimon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 40 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 41 Tolosa Tolosa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 43 Peire Peire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 44 Rogier Rogier NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 46 Peire Peire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 47 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 48 Valeira Valeira NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 50 Peirol Peirol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 52 Pistoleta Pistoleta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 54 Perdigon Perdigon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 56 Salh Salh NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 57 d'Escola d'Escola NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 59 Uc Uc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 60 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 61 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 62 Bacalaria Bacalaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 64 Uc Uc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 65 Brunet Brunet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 67 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 68 Uc Uc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 69 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 70 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 71 Circ Circ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 72 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 73 jongleur jongleur NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 74 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 75 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 151 76 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 1 Vidas Vidas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 3 razos[edit razos[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 6 vida vida NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 9 brief brief JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 10 prose prose NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 11 biography biography NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 13 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 15 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 19 troubadour troubadour NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 152 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 153 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 153 2 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 153 3 vida vida NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 153 4 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 153 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 153 6 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 153 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 153 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 153 9 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 153 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 154 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 154 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 154 3 chansonniers chansonnier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 154 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 154 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 154 6 manuscript manuscript NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 154 7 collections collection NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 154 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 154 9 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 154 10 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 154 11 poetry poetry NN 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155 8 vernacular vernacular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 155 9 prose prose NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 155 10 nonfiction nonfiction NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 155 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 4 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 6 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 8 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 9 derive derive VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 11 facts fact NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 13 literal literal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 14 readings reading NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 17 objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 18 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 19 poems poem NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 22 leaves leave VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 24 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 25 reliability reliability NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 27 doubt doubt NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 156 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 157 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2900 157 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 157 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 157 4 vidas vida NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 157 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 157 6 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 157 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 157 8 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 157 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 157 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 157 11 1220s 1220 NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 157 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 157 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 157 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 157 15 Uc Uc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 157 16 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 157 17 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 157 18 Circ Circ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 157 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 2 razo razo NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 5 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 8 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 13 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 14 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 15 piece piece NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 17 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 18 prose prose NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 19 detailing detail VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 21 circumstances circumstance NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 24 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 25 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 158 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 2 razo razo NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 3 normally normally RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 4 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 6 poem poem NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 8 explained explain VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 11 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 13 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 15 share share VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 16 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 19 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 22 vida vida NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 159 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 160 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 160 2 razos razos NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 160 3 suffer suffer VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 160 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 160 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 160 6 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 160 7 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 160 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 160 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 160 10 vidas vida NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 160 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 160 12 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 160 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 160 14 reliability reliability NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 160 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 161 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 161 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 161 3 likewise likewise RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 161 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 161 5 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 161 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 161 7 Uc Uc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 161 8 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 161 9 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 161 10 Circ Circ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 161 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 1 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 2 16th 16th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 5 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 6 cursive cursive NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 8 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 10 recording record VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 12 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 14 Perceval Perceval NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 15 Doria Doria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 16 Podestà Podestà NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 18 troubadours[edit troubadours[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 20 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 21 phenomenon phenomenon NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 22 arose arise VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 24 Italy Italy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 26 recognised recognise VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 27 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 29 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 32 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 33 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 35 Giulio Giulio NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 36 Bertoni Bertoni NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 39 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 40 serving serve VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 42 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 43 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 44 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 45 podestàs podestàs JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 46 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 47 behalf behalf NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 49 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 51 Guelph Guelph NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 52 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 53 Ghibelline Ghibelline NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 54 party party NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 56 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 57 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 58 verse verse NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 59 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 60 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 61 rhyme rhyme NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 162 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 163 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 163 2 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 163 3 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 163 4 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 163 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 163 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 163 7 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 163 8 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 163 9 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 163 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 2 aspired aspire VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 4 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 5 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 7 though though RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 9 unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 11 nobility nobility NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 13 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 16 patrons patron NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 18 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 22 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 23 disseminators disseminator NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 25 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 26 readers reader NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 164 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 165 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 165 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 165 3 podestà podestà NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 165 4 - - , en-wikipedia-org-2900 165 5 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 165 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 165 7 Rambertino Rambertino NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 165 8 Buvalelli Buvalelli NNP 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served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 166 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 166 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 166 9 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 166 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 166 11 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 166 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 166 13 podestà podestà NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 166 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 166 15 Brescia Brescia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 166 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 166 17 Milan Milan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 166 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 166 19 Parma Parma NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 166 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 166 21 Mantua Mantua NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 166 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 166 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 166 24 Verona Verona NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 166 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 3 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 4 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 6 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 8 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 9 tenure tenure NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 10 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 12 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 13 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 14 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 15 lyric lyric NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 16 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 19 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 23 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 25 develop develop VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 27 flourishing flourishing JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 28 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 29 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 30 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 167 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 1 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 3 podestà podestà NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 4 - - , en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 5 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 7 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 8 Rambertino Rambertino NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 10 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 13 Genoa Genoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 16 Guelphs Guelphs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 17 Luca Luca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 18 Grimaldi Grimaldi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 20 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 21 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 22 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 24 Florence Florence NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 26 Milan Milan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 29 Ventimiglia Ventimiglia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 32 Luchetto Luchetto NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 33 Gattilusio Gattilusio NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 35 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 36 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 38 Milan Milan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 40 Cremona Cremona NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 43 Bologna Bologna NNPS 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sometime RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 68 podestà podestà NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 69 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 70 Savona Savona NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 71 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 72 Albenga Albenga NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 168 73 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 169 1 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 169 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 169 3 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 169 4 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 169 5 Genoese genoese JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 169 6 podestà podestà NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 169 7 - - , en-wikipedia-org-2900 169 8 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 169 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 169 10 Alberico Alberico NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 169 11 da da NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 169 12 Romano Romano NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 169 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 169 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 169 15 nobleman nobleman NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 169 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 169 17 high high JJ 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of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 170 11 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 170 12 lyric lyric NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 170 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 1 Mention mention NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 2 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 4 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 7 Provençal Provençal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 8 troubadour troubadour NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 9 Isnart Isnart NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 10 d'Entrevenas d'Entrevenas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 14 podestà podestà NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 16 Arles Arles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 18 1220 1220 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 171 20 though though IN 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en-wikipedia-org-2900 200 15 masters master NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 200 16 thereafter thereafter RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 200 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 2 trobar trobar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 3 ric ric JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 4 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 7 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 8 opaque opaque JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 11 clus clus NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 13 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 15 employs employ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 17 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 18 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 20 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 21 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 22 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 24 rare rare JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 25 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 27 invented invent VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 28 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 31 unusual unusual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 33 colourful colourful JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 34 wordings wording NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 201 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 202 1 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 202 2 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 202 3 recognise recognise VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 202 4 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 202 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 202 6 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 202 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 202 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 202 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 202 10 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 202 11 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 202 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 1 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 3 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 6 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 8 followers follower NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 10 Marcabru Marcabru NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 12 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 13 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 16 Marcabrunian marcabrunian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 17 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 20 Bernart Bernart NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 21 Marti Marti NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 23 Bernart Bernart NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 24 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 25 Venzac Venzac NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 27 Gavaudan Gavaudan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 30 Peire Peire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 31 d'Alvernhe d'Alvernhe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 203 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 204 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 204 2 poets poet NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 204 3 favoured favour VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 204 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 204 5 trobar trobar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 204 6 clus clus NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 204 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 204 8 ric ric NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 204 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 204 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 204 11 hybrid hybrid NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 204 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 204 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 204 14 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 204 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 205 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 205 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 205 3 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 205 4 moralising moralise VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 205 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 205 6 tone tone NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 205 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 205 8 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 205 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 205 10 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 205 11 courtly courtly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 205 12 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 205 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 2 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 3 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 5 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 6 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 7 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 9 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 10 fallen fall VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 11 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 13 favour favour NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 18 Gascon Gascon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 19 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 22 Cercamon Cercamon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 24 Peire Peire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 25 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 26 Valeira Valeira NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 29 Guiraut Guiraut NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 30 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 206 31 Calanso Calanso NNP 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the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 3 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 4 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 5 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 7 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 8 arose arise VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 10 Béziers Béziers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 12 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 14 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 16 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 17 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 18 Albigensian albigensian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 19 Languedoc Languedoc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 23 Trencavel trencavel JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 24 lordships lordship NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 210 25 , , , 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Gaucelm Gaucelm NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 211 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 212 1 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 212 2 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 212 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 212 4 natives native NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 212 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 212 6 Béziers Béziers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 212 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 212 8 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 212 9 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 212 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 1 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 2 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 4 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 7 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 8 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 9 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 11 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 12 courtesans courtesan NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 14 Miralhas Miralhas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 16 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 18 potter potter NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 20 Bernart Bernart NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 23 mayestre mayestre NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 25 teacher teacher NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 213 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 214 1 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 214 2 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 214 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 214 4 supporters supporter NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 214 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 214 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 214 7 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 214 8 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 214 9 Louis Louis NNP 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en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 16 reserved reserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 18 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 19 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 20 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 23 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 24 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 26 canso canso NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 28 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 30 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 31 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 32 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 34 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 35 antique antique JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 36 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 37 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 39 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 40 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 41 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 42 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 44 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 45 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 46 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 47 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 49 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 50 technically technically RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 51 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 52 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 54 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 55 generation generation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 57 troubadours troubadours NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 58 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 59 mid-14th mid-14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 60 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 63 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 64 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 65 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 66 thought think VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 67 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 68 derive derive VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 69 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 70 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 71 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 72 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 73 verus verus NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 74 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 75 truth truth NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 76 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 77 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 78 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 79 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 80 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 81 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 82 describe describe VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 83 moralising moralise VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 84 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 85 didactic didactic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 86 pieces piece NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 220 87 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 2 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 3 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 4 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 5 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 6 genres genre NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 8 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 9 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 10 proliferated proliferate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 12 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 14 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 15 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 18 put put VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 20 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 221 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 2 known known JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 3 genres genre NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 6 Alba Alba NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 8 morning morning NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 9 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 11 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 13 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 16 lover lover NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 18 dawn dawn NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 19 approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 21 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 24 watchman watchman NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 25 warning warning NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 28 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 31 lady lady NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 32 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 33 jealous jealous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 34 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 35 Arlabecca Arlabecca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 36 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 38 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 39 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 40 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 41 poetic poetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 42 metre metre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 44 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 45 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 46 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 47 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 48 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 50 rebec rebec NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 51 Canso Canso NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 53 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 54 vers ver VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 56 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 57 chanso chanso NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 58 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 59 canço canço NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 60 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 61 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 62 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 63 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 65 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 66 consisting consist VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 67 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 68 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 69 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 70 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 71 stanzas stanza NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 72 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 73 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 74 envoi envoi JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 75 Cobla Cobla NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 76 esparsa esparsa NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 77 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 78 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 79 stand stand VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 80 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 81 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 82 stanza stanza NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 83 Comiat Comiat NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 84 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 85 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 86 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 87 renouncing renounce VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 88 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 89 lover lover NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 90 Crusade Crusade NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 91 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 92 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 93 canso canso NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 94 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 95 crozada crozada NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 96 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 97 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 98 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 99 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 100 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 101 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 102 Crusades Crusades NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 103 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 104 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 105 encouraging encourage VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 106 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 107 Dansa Dansa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 108 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 109 balada balada NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 110 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 111 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 112 lively lively JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 113 dance dance NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 114 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 115 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 116 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 117 refrain refrain NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 118 Descort Descort NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 119 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 120 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 121 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 122 heavily heavily RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 123 discordant discordant JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 124 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 125 verse verse NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 126 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 127 and/or and/or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 128 feeling feel VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 129 Desdansa Desdansa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 130 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 131 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 132 dance dance NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 133 designed design VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 134 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 135 sad sad JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 136 occasions occasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 137 Devinalh devinalh RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 138 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 139 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 140 riddle riddle NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 141 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 142 cryptogram cryptogram JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 143 Ensenhamen Ensenhamen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 144 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 145 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 146 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 147 didactic didactic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 148 poem poem NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 149 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 150 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 151 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 152 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 153 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 154 stanzas stanza NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 155 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 156 teaching teach VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 157 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 158 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 159 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 160 practical practical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 161 lesson lesson NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 162 Enuig Enuig NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 163 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 164 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 165 poem poem NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 166 expressing express VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 167 indignation indignation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 168 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 169 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 170 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 171 insult insult NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 172 Escondig Escondig NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 173 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 174 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 175 lover lover NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 176 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 177 apology apology NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 178 Estampida Estampida NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 179 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 180 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 181 dance dance NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 182 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 183 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 184 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 185 Gap Gap NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 186 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 187 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 188 boasting boasting NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 189 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 190 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 191 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 192 presented present VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 193 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 194 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 195 challenge challenge NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 196 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 197 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 198 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 199 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 200 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 201 sports sport NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 202 chants chant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 203 Maldit maldit PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 204 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 205 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 206 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 207 complaining complain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 208 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 209 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 210 lady lady NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 211 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 212 behaviour behaviour NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 213 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 214 character character NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 215 Partimen Partimen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 216 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 217 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 218 poetical poetical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 219 exchange exchange NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 220 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 221 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 222 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 223 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 224 poets poet NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 225 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 226 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 227 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 228 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 229 presented present VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 230 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 231 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 232 dilemma dilemma NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 233 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 234 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 235 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 236 responds respond VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 237 Pastorela Pastorela NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 238 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 239 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 240 tale tale NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 241 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 242 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 243 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 244 request request NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 245 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 246 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 247 knight knight NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 248 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 249 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 250 shepherdess shepherdess NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 251 Planh Planh NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 252 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 253 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 254 lament lament NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 255 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 256 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 257 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 258 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 259 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 260 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 261 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 262 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 263 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 264 Plazer Plazer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 265 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 266 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 267 poem poem NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 268 expressing express VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 269 pleasure pleasure NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 270 Salut Salut NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 271 d'amor d'amor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 272 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 273 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 274 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 275 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 276 addressed address VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 277 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 278 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 279 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 280 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 281 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 282 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 283 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 284 lover lover NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 285 Serena Serena NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 286 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 287 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 288 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 289 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 290 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 291 lover lover NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 292 waiting wait VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 293 impatiently impatiently RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 294 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 295 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 296 evening evening NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 297 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 298 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 299 consummate consummate VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 300 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 301 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 302 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 303 Sestina Sestina NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 304 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 305 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 306 structured structured JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 307 verse verse NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 308 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 309 Sirventes Sirventes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 310 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 311 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 312 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 313 poem poem NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 314 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 315 satire satire NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 316 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 317 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 318 put put VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 319 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 320 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 321 mouth mouth NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 322 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 323 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 324 paid pay VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 325 soldier soldier NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 326 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 327 sirvens sirven NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 328 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 329 Sonnet Sonnet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 330 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 331 sonet sonet NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 332 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 333 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 334 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 335 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 336 genre genre NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 337 imported import VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 338 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 339 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 340 verse verse NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 341 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 342 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 343 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 344 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 345 Tenso Tenso NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 346 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 347 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 348 poetical poetical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 349 debate debate NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 350 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 351 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 352 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 353 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 354 exchange exchange NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 355 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 356 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 357 poets poet NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 358 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 359 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 360 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 361 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 362 fictional fictional JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 363 Torneyamen Torneyamen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 364 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 365 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 366 poetical poetical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 367 debate debate NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 368 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 369 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 370 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 371 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 372 persons person NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 373 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 374 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 375 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 376 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 377 judge judge NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 378 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 379 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 380 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 381 tournament tournament NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 382 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 383 Viadeira Viadeira NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 384 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 385 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 386 traveller traveller NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 387 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 388 complaint complaint NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 389 All all PDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 390 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 391 genres genre NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 392 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 393 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 394 fluid fluid JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 222 395 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 223 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 223 2 cross cross NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 223 3 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 223 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 223 5 sirventes sirvente NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 223 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 223 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 223 8 canso canso NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 223 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 223 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 223 11 meg meg NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 223 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 223 13 sirventes sirvente NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 223 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 223 15 half half JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 223 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 223 17 sirventes sirvente NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 223 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 223 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 2 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 5 tenso tenso NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 6 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 9 invented invent VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 13 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 14 poet poet NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 17 alba alba NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 19 canso canso NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 20 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 22 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 24 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 25 significance significance NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 27 addressed address VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 29 God God NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 30 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 32 Virgin Virgin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 33 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 36 sirventes sirvente NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 37 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 38 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 39 nothing nothing NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 40 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 41 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 43 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 44 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 224 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 2 maldit maldit NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 5 comiat comiat NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 7 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 8 connected connect VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 11 maldit maldit NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 13 comiat comiat NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 15 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 16 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 18 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 20 attack attack VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 22 renounce renounce VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 24 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 25 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 26 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 28 lady lady NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 31 lover lover NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 33 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 35 commanding command VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 36 officer officer NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 38 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 39 combined combine VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 43 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 45 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 47 sirventes sirvente NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 225 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 1 Peire Peire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 2 Bremon Bremon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 3 Ricas Ricas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 4 Novas Novas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 5 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 7 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 8 mieja mieja NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 9 chanso chanso NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 11 half half JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 12 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 15 Cerverí Cerverí NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 16 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 17 Girona Girona NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 18 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 20 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 21 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 23 miga miga NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 24 canço canço NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 26 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 28 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 31 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 32 canso canso NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 34 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 36 mixture mixture NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 38 genres genre NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 40 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 41 supposed suppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 226 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 1 Cerverí Cerverí NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 3 mig mig NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 5 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 6 meig meig NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 8 vers ver VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 9 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 10 miga miga NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 11 canço canço NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 14 vers ver NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 17 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 18 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 21 moralising moralising NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 22 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 24 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 26 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 27 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 28 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 30 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 31 combined combine VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 33 canso canso NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 36 sirventes sirvente NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 227 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 1 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 3 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 4 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 5 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 6 hundred hundred CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 7 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 9 Cerverí Cerverí NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 10 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 11 Girona Girona NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 14 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 16 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 17 labels label NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 20 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 21 correspond correspond VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 22 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 25 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 27 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 29 genres genre NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 32 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 33 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 35 debatable debatable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 36 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 37 peguesca peguesca NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 39 nonsense nonsense NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 42 espingadura espingadura NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 44 flageolet flageolet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 45 song song NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 48 libel libel NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 50 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 51 petition petition NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 52 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 54 esdemessa esdemessa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 55 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 56 leap leap NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 57 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 59 somni somni NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 60 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 61 dream dream NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 62 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 64 acuyndamen acuyndamen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 65 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 66 challenge challenge NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 67 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 69 desirança desirança NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 70 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 71 nostalgia nostalgia NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 72 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 74 aniversari aniversari JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 75 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 76 anniversary anniversary NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 77 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 78 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 79 serena serena NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 80 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 81 serene serene NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 82 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 228 83 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 229 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 229 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 229 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 229 4 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2900 229 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 229 6 Crusading Crusading NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 229 7 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 229 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 229 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 229 10 classified classify VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 229 11 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 229 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 229 13 cansos cansos NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 229 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 229 15 sirventes sirvente NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 229 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 229 17 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 229 18 separately separately RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 229 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 230 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 230 2 styles style NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 230 3 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 230 4 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 230 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 230 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 230 7 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 230 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 230 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 230 10 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 230 11 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 230 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 230 13 musical musical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 230 14 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 230 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 2 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 5 alba alba NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 6 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 8 aubade aubade NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 11 pastorela pastorela NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 13 pastourelle pastourelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 17 partimen partimen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 19 jeu jeu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 20 parti parti NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 231 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 232 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 232 2 sestina sestina NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 232 3 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 232 4 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 232 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 232 6 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 232 7 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 232 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 233 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 233 2 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 233 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 233 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 233 5 averse averse JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 233 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 233 7 borrowing borrow VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 233 8 either either RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 233 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 234 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 234 2 planh planh NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 234 3 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 234 4 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 234 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 234 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 234 7 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 234 8 planctus planctus NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 234 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 234 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 234 11 sonnet sonnet NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 234 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 234 13 stolen steal VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 234 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 234 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 234 16 Sicilian Sicilian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 234 17 School School NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 234 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 2 basse basse NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 3 danse danse NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 5 bassa bassa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 6 dansa dansa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 9 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 10 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 13 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 14 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 16 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 17 1324 1324 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 21 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 23 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 24 performed perform VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 26 jongleurs jongleur NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 235 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 2 Monge Monge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 3 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 4 Montaudon Montaudon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 5 receiving receive VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 7 sparrow sparrow NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 8 hawk hawk NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 11 prize prize NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 14 performance performance NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 17 contest contest NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 18 Performance[edit performance[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 20 Troubadours Troubadours NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 21 performed perform VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 22 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 23 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 24 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 236 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 237 1 Jongleurs jongleur NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 237 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 237 3 performers performer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 237 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 237 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 237 6 cantaires cantaire NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 237 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 237 8 singers singer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 237 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 237 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 237 11 performed perform VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 237 12 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 237 13 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 237 14 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 237 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 2 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 3 work work VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 5 chansonniers chansonnier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 7 many many DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 10 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 11 survived survive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 14 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 16 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 17 rudimentary rudimentary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 20 temporary temporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 22 songbooks songbook NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 24 none none NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 27 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 28 survived survive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 30 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 31 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 32 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 33 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 238 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 2 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 4 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 5 Arnaut Arnaut NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 6 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 7 Maruelh Maruelh NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 11 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 12 jongleurs jongleur NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 15 dedicated dedicated JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 17 singing singe VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 19 patron patron NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 20 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 21 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 239 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 1 Arnaut Arnaut NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 3 joglar joglar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 4 et et NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 5 cantaire cantaire NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 7 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 8 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 10 singer singer NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 13 messenger messenger NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 15 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 16 carried carry VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 17 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 18 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 19 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 21 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 22 lady lady NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 25 Pistoleta Pistoleta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 240 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 2 messenger messenger NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 4 commonplace commonplace JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 6 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 7 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 9 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 10 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 11 reference reference VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 13 messenger messenger NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 14 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 15 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 16 bring bring VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 19 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 20 intended intended JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 21 ear ear NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 241 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 242 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 242 2 troubadour troubadour NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 242 3 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 242 4 stayed stay VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 242 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 242 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 242 7 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 242 8 patron patron NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 242 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 242 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 242 11 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 242 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 242 13 entertained entertain VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 242 14 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 242 15 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 242 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 242 17 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 242 18 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 242 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 1 Court court NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 2 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 3 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 5 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 7 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 9 entertainment entertainment NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 10 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 13 propaganda propaganda NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 15 praising praise VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 17 patron patron NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 19 mocking mock VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 20 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 21 enemies enemy NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 23 encouraging encourage VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 24 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 25 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 27 teaching teach VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 28 ethics ethic NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 30 etiquette etiquette NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 33 maintaining maintain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 34 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 35 unity unity NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 243 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 244 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 244 2 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 244 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 244 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 244 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 244 6 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 244 7 venue venue NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 244 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 244 9 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 244 10 performance performance NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 244 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 245 1 Competitions competition NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 245 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 245 3 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 245 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 245 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 245 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 245 7 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 245 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 4 vida vida NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 7 Monge Monge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 8 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 9 Montaudon Montaudon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 11 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 12 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 14 sparrow sparrow NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 15 hawk hawk NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 18 prized prize VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 19 hunting hunting NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 20 bird bird NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 23 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 24 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 27 cour cour NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 28 du du NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 29 Puy Puy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 31 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 32 sort sort NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 34 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 35 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 36 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 37 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 39 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 41 Alfonso Alfonso NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 42 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 44 Aragon Aragon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 246 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 247 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 247 2 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2900 247 3 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 247 4 contests contest NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 247 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 247 6 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 247 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 247 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 247 9 twilight twilight NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 247 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 247 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 247 12 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 247 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 247 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 247 15 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 247 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 247 17 15th 15th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 247 18 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 247 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 2 jocs jocs NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 3 florals floral NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 4 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 7 Consistori Consistori NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 8 del del NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 9 Gay Gay NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 10 Saber Saber NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 12 Toulouse Toulouse NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 15 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 16 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 18 Aragon Aragon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 20 Lleida Lleida NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 24 Consistori Consistori NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 25 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 26 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 27 Gaya Gaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 28 Sciència Sciència NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 29 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 30 Barcelona Barcelona NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 31 awarded award VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 32 floral floral JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 33 prizes prize NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 36 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 37 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 39 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 40 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 42 judging judge VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 43 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 44 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 45 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 46 accordance accordance NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 47 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 49 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 50 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 52 Leys Leys NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 53 d'amors d'amors NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 248 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 249 1 Troubadour troubadour PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 249 2 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 249 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 249 4 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 249 5 performed perform VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 249 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 249 7 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 249 8 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 249 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 249 10 albeit albeit IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 249 11 rarely rarely RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 249 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 250 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 250 2 chantar chantar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 250 3 m'er m'er . en-wikipedia-org-2900 250 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 250 5 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 250 6 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 250 7 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 250 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 250 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 250 10 trobairitz trobairitz NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 250 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 250 12 survives survive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 250 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 250 14 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 250 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 251 1 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 251 2 playing play VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 251 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 251 4 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 251 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-2900 252 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 252 2 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 252 3 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 252 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 253 1 Music[edit music[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 253 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 253 3 Troubadour troubadour PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 253 4 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 253 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 253 6 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 253 7 monophonic monophonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 253 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 254 1 Fewer few JJR en-wikipedia-org-2900 254 2 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 254 3 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 254 4 melodies melody NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 254 5 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 254 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 254 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 254 8 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 254 9 2500 2500 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 254 10 survive survive NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 254 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 255 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 255 2 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 255 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 255 4 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2900 255 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 255 6 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 255 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 255 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 255 9 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 255 10 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 255 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 256 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 256 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 256 3 set set VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 256 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 256 5 pre pre VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 256 6 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 256 7 existing existing JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 256 8 pieces piece NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 256 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 256 10 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 256 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 1 Raimbaut Raimbaut NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 2 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 3 Vaqueyras Vaqueyras NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 4 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 6 Kalenda Kalenda NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 7 maya maya NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 11 Calends Calends NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 13 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 17 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 18 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 20 jongleurs jongleur NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 22 Montferrat Montferrat NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 257 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 1 Grammars grammar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 3 dictionaries[edit dictionaries[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 5 Beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 8 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 9 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 13 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 15 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 16 verse verse NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 17 demanded demand VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 18 grammars grammar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 20 dictionaries dictionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 22 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 24 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 25 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 26 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 27 tongue tongue NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 28 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 29 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 30 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 32 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 35 Catalan Catalan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 37 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 38 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 41 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 42 imitators imitator NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 258 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 259 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 259 2 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 259 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 259 4 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 259 5 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 259 6 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 259 7 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 259 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 259 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 259 10 academisation academisation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 259 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 259 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 259 13 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 259 14 lyric lyric NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 259 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 259 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 259 17 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 259 18 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 259 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 1 Title Title NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 2 Translation Translation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 4 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 5 Author author NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 6 Date date NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 8 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 9 Character Character NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 10 Razos Razos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 11 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 12 trobar trobar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 14 Explanations explanation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 16 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 18 Raimon Raimon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 19 Vidal Vidal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 20 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 21 1210 1210 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 22 Prose Prose NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 23 guide guide NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 25 poetic poetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 26 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 27 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 28 defends defend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 30 superiority superiority NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 32 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 33 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 34 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 35 vernaculars vernacular NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 260 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 261 1 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 261 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 261 3 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 261 4 dictionary dictionary NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 261 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 262 1 Donatz Donatz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 262 2 proensals proensal VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 262 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 262 4 Provençal Provençal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 262 5 Donatus Donatus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 262 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 262 7 Uc Uc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 262 8 Faidit Faidit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 262 9 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 262 10 1243 1243 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 262 11 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 262 12 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 262 13 imitation imitation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 262 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 262 15 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 262 16 grammarian grammarian NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 262 17 Aelius Aelius NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 262 18 Donatus Donatus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 262 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 263 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 263 2 rhymary rhymary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 263 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 263 4 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 263 5 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 263 6 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 263 7 dictionary dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 263 8 designed design VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 263 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 263 10 Italians Italians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 263 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 1 Doctrina Doctrina NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 3 compondre compondre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 4 dictats dictat NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 6 Doctrinal doctrinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 8 understanding understand VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 9 sayings saying NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 11 Anonymous anonymous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 13 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 14 Raimon Raimon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 15 Vidal Vidal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 16 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 17 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 18 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 19 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 20 catalogue catalogue NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 22 explanation explanation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 25 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 26 poetic poetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 27 genres genre NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 264 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 265 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 265 2 expands expand VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 265 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 265 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 265 5 Razos Razos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 265 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 265 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 265 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 265 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 265 10 concluding concluding NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 265 11 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 265 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 265 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 265 14 Regles Regles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 265 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 265 16 Jaufre Jaufre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 265 17 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 265 18 Foixa Foixa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 265 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 1 Lo Lo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 2 breviari breviari FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 3 d'amors d'amors FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 5 Breviary Breviary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 7 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 9 Matfre Matfre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 10 Ermengau Ermengau NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 11 begun begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 12 1288 1288 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 13 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 14 pious pious JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 15 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 18 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 19 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 24 Perilhos Perilhos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 25 tractatz tractatz NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 26 d'amor d'amor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 27 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 28 donas donas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 30 seguon seguon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 31 qu'en qu'en NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 32 han han NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 33 tractat tractat NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 34 li li NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 35 antic antic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 36 trobador trobador NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 37 en en IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 38 lurs lur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 39 cansos cansos FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 40 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 42 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 43 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 44 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 45 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 266 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 1 Doctrina Doctrina NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 2 d'acort[36 d'acort[36 NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 5 Doctrinal doctrinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 7 concordance concordance NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 9 Terramagnino Terramagnino NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 10 da da NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 11 Pisa Pisa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 12 1282–96 1282–96 NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 14 Sardinia Sardinia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 15 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 16 condensed condense VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 17 verse verse NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 18 adaptation adaptation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 21 Razos Razos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 23 poorly poorly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 24 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 27 manuscripts manuscript NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 267 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 1 Regles Regles NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 3 trobar[37 trobar[37 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 6 Rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 8 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 10 Jaufre Jaufre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 11 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 12 Foixa Foixa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 13 1289–91 1289–91 NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 15 Sicily Sicily NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 16 Contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 17 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 18 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 20 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 21 verse verse NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 23 designed design VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 25 augment augment VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 27 Razos Razos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 28 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 29 trobar trobar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 268 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 1 Mirall mirall NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 2 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 3 trobar trobar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 5 Mirror Mirror NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 7 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 9 Berenguer Berenguer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 10 d'Anoia d'Anoia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 11 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 12 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 14 Mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 15 covers cover VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 16 rhetoric rhetoric NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 18 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 22 littered litter VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 24 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 26 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 27 verse verse NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 269 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 1 Cançoneret Cançoneret NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 2 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 3 Ripoll Ripoll NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 5 Little Little NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 6 Chansonnier Chansonnier NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 8 Ripoll Ripoll NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 10 Anonymous Anonymous NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 11 1346 1346 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 13 Roussillon Roussillon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 15 Cerdagne Cerdagne NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 16 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 17 chansonnier chansonnier NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 18 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 20 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 21 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 23 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 25 catalogue catalogue NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 27 poetic poetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 28 genres genre NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 30 expands expand VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 31 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 33 Doctrina Doctrina NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 34 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 35 compondre compondre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 36 dictats dictat NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 39 Leys Leys NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 40 d'amors d'amors NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 270 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 271 1 Leys ley NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 271 2 d'amors[38 d'amors[38 . en-wikipedia-org-2900 271 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 271 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 271 5 Laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 271 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 271 7 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 271 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 271 9 Guilhem Guilhem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 271 10 Molinier Molinier NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 271 11 1328–37 1328–37 NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 271 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 271 13 Toulouse Toulouse NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 271 14 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 271 15 commissioned commission VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 271 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 271 17 1323 1323 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 271 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 272 1 Prose prose JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 272 2 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 272 3 governing govern VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 272 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 272 5 Consistori Consistori NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 272 6 del del NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 272 7 Gay Gay NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 272 8 Saber Saber NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 272 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 272 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 272 11 Consistori Consistori NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 272 12 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 272 13 Barcelona Barcelona NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 272 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 273 1 Leys ley NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 273 2 d'amors[38 d'amors[38 . en-wikipedia-org-2900 273 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 273 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 273 5 Laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 273 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 273 7 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 273 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 273 9 Anonymous anonymous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 273 10 1337–47 1337–47 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 273 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 273 12 Toulouse Toulouse NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 273 13 Verse Verse NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 273 14 adaptation adaptation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 273 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 273 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 273 17 prose prose JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 273 18 Leys Leys NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 273 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 1 Leys ley NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 2 d'amors[38 d'amors[38 . en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 5 Laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 7 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 9 Joan Joan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 10 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 11 Castellnou Castellnou NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 12 1355 1355 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 14 Toulouse Toulouse NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 15 Final Final NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 17 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 19 prose prose JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 20 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 23 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 24 Leys ley NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 274 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 1 Doctrinal Doctrinal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 3 trobar trobar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 5 Doctrinal Doctrinal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 7 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 9 Raimon Raimon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 10 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 11 Cornet Cornet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 12 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 13 1324 1324 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 15 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 16 1341 1341 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 18 Dedicated dedicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 20 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 21 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 23 Aragon Aragon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 25 identical identical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 27 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 30 Leys Leys NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 32 Guilhem Guilhem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 33 Molinier Molinier NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 275 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 276 1 Glosari glosari JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 276 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 276 3 Glossary Glossary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 276 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 276 5 Joan Joan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 276 6 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 276 7 Castellnou Castellnou NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 276 8 1341 1341 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 276 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 276 10 commentary commentary NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 276 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 276 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 276 13 Doctrinal Doctrinal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 276 14 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 276 15 trobar trobar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 276 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 1 Compendi[39 Compendi[39 NFP en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 4 Compendium Compendium NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 6 Joan Joan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 7 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 8 Castellnou Castellnou NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 9 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 10 1341 1341 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 11 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 12 catalogue catalogue NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 14 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 17 vices vice NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 19 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 20 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 21 commit commit VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 23 transgressing transgress VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 25 Leys Leys NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 26 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 277 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 1 Libre Libre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 3 concordances concordance NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 5 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 6 Diccionari Diccionari NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 7 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 8 rims rim NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 11 Book book NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 13 concordances concordance NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 18 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 20 rhymes rhyme NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 23 Jaume Jaume NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 24 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 25 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 26 1371 1371 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 27 An An NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 28 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 29 rhymary rhymary NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 31 Catalans Catalans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 278 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 279 1 Torcimany torcimany NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 279 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 279 3 Translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 279 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 279 5 Luys Luys NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 279 6 d'Averçó d'Averçó NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 279 7 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 279 8 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 279 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 279 10 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 279 11 rhymary rhymary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 279 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 279 13 Catalan Catalan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 279 14 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 279 15 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 279 16 dictionary dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 279 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 1 Legacy[edit legacy[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 3 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 4 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 6 Occitan occitan VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 7 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 8 Transmission[edit Transmission[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 10 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 11 2,600 2,600 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 12 poems poem NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 14 fragments fragment NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 16 poems poem NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 17 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 18 survived survive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 20 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 21 450 450 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 22 identifiable identifiable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 23 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 280 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 281 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 281 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 281 3 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 281 4 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 281 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 281 6 songbooks songbook NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 281 7 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 281 8 chansonniers chansonnier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 281 9 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 281 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 281 11 wealthy wealthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 281 12 patrons patron NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 281 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 282 1 Troubadour troubadour PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 282 2 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 282 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 282 4 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 282 5 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 282 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 282 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 282 8 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 282 9 incipits incipit NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 282 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 282 11 that that RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 282 12 is is RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 282 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 282 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 282 15 opening opening NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 282 16 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 282 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 1 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 4 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 7 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 8 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 10 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 12 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 15 abbreviation abbreviation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 18 incipit incipit NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 19 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 21 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 23 convenience convenience NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 283 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 2 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 3 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 4 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 6 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 9 nicknames nickname NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 12 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 13 D'un d'un JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 14 sirventes sirvente NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 15 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 17 Guilhem Guilhem NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 18 Figueira Figueira NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 20 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 21 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 23 Sirventes Sirventes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 24 contra contra NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 25 Roma Roma NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 284 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 3 writer writer NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 4 seeks seek VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 6 avoid avoid VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 7 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 8 unglossed unglossed JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 9 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 12 incipit incipit NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 15 song song NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 16 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 18 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 20 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 21 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 24 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 25 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 26 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 27 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 28 invented invent VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 30 reflect reflect VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 32 theme theme NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 35 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 285 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 1 Especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 3 translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 4 designed design VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 7 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 8 audience audience NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 12 Ezra Ezra NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 13 Pound Pound NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 16 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 17 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 19 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 20 invented invent VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 23 translator translator NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 24 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 25 editor editor NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 286 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 3 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 5 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 8 troubadour troubadour PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 9 songs song NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 10 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 11 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 12 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 15 manuscripts manuscript NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 20 anonymous anonymous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 21 pastorela pastorela NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 22 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 23 begins begin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 24 Mentre Mentre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 25 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 26 una una NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 27 ribeira ribeira NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 30 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 31 entitled entitle VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 32 Porquieira Porquieira NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 287 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 1 Table table NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 3 chansonniers[edit chansonniers[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 6 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 8 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 9 parchment parchment NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 10 chansonniers chansonnier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 11 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 13 extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 14 varies varie NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 15 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 16 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 18 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 20 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 21 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 22 treat treat VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 23 fragmentary fragmentary NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 25 multilingual multilingual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 26 manuscripts manuscript NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 288 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 1 Conventionally conventionally RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 3 fragments fragment NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 5 classified classify VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 7 fragments fragment NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 10 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 11 chansonnier chansonnier NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 12 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 13 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 14 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 15 resemble resemble JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 19 chansonniers chansonnier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 22 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 23 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 289 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 2 chansonniers chansonnier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 4 received receive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 5 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 6 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 8 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 9 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 11 troubadour troubadour PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 12 D d NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 14 trouvère trouvère JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 15 H h NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 17 W w NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 19 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 21 X X NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 290 23 U. U. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 2 lettering lettering NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 4 siglas siglas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 7 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 9 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 10 Bartsch Bartsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 13 placed place VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 14 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 15 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 16 considered consider VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 17 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 18 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 19 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 22 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 291 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 2 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 4 imperfect imperfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 6 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 8 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 9 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 12 chansonniers chansonnier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 13 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 16 Italian italian JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 17 audience audience NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 19 heavily heavily RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 20 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 22 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 24 necessarily necessarily RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 25 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 26 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 27 resemble resemble JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 29 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 30 compositions composition NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 292 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 293 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 293 2 parchment parchment NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 293 3 chansonniers chansonnier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 293 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 293 5 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2900 293 6 durable durable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 293 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 293 8 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 293 9 ones one NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 293 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 293 11 exist exist VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 293 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 293 13 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 293 14 received receive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 293 15 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-2900 293 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 293 17 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 293 18 siglas sigla NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 293 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 2 40][41 40][41 LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 4 Image Image NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 5 Troubadour Troubadour NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 6 manuscript manuscript NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 7 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 9 sigla sigla NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 11 Provenance provenance NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 13 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 15 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 17 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 19 Location location NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 21 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 23 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 25 Shelf shelf NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 26 mark mark NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 27 Notes Notes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 28 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 29 Lombardy Lombardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 31 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 32 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 33 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 34 Vaticana Vaticana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 36 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 37 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 38 5232 5232 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 39 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 40 Occitania Occitania NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 42 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 43 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 44 Bibliothèque bibliothèque JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 45 nationale nationale NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 46 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 47 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 49 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 50 BN BN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 51 f.f f.f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 294 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 295 1 1592 1592 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 295 2 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 295 3 Occitania Occitania NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 295 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 295 5 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 295 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 295 7 Bibliothèque bibliothèque JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 295 8 nationale nationale NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 295 9 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 295 10 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 295 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 295 12 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 295 13 BN BN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 295 14 f.f f.f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 295 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 1 856 856 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 2 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 3 Lombardy Lombardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 5 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 6 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 7 1254 1254 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 8 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 9 Estense Estense NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 11 Modena Modena NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 12 Kg.4.MS2 kg.4.ms2 ADD en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 13 = = SYM en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 14 E.45 E.45 . en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 15 = = SYM en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 16 α α XX en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 18 R.4.4 R.4.4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 20 Poetarum Poetarum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 21 Provinciali Provinciali NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 296 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 297 1 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 297 2 Occitania Occitania NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 297 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 297 4 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 297 5 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 297 6 Bibliothèque bibliothèque JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 297 7 nationale nationale NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 297 8 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 297 9 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 297 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 297 11 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 297 12 BN BN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 297 13 f.f f.f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 297 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 1 1749 1749 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 2 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 3 Lombardy Lombardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 5 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 7 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 8 Vaticana Vaticana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 10 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 11 Chigi Chigi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 12 L.IV.106 l.iv.106 NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 13 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 14 Lombardy Lombardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 16 Venetia Venetia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 18 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 19 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 20 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 21 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 22 Ambrosiana Ambrosiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 24 Milan Milan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 25 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 26 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 27 sup sup NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 298 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 299 1 Contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 299 2 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 299 3 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 299 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 1 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 2 Lombardy Lombardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 4 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 5 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 7 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 8 Vaticana Vaticana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 10 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 11 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 12 3207 3207 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 13 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 14 Lombardy Lombardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 16 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 18 Bibliothèque bibliothèque JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 19 nationale nationale NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 20 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 21 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 23 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 24 BN BN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 25 f.f f.f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 300 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 1 854 854 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 2 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 3 Occitania Occitania NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 5 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 7 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 8 Nazionale Nazionale NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 10 Florence Florence NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 11 Conventi Conventi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 12 Soppressi Soppressi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 13 F.IV.776 F.IV.776 VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 14 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 15 Lombardy Lombardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 17 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 18 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 19 Bibliothèque bibliothèque JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 20 nationale nationale NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 21 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 22 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 24 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 25 BN BN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 26 f.f f.f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 301 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 1 12473 12473 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 2 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 3 Lombardy Lombardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 5 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 7 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 8 Vaticana Vaticana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 10 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 11 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 12 3206 3206 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 13 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 14 Lombardy Lombardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 16 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 18 Bibliothèque bibliothèque JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 19 nationale nationale NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 20 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 21 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 23 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 24 BN BN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 25 f.f f.f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 302 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 303 1 12474 12474 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 303 2 N N NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 303 3 Lombardy Lombardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 303 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 303 5 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 303 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 303 7 Pierpont Pierpont NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 303 8 Morgan Morgan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 303 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 303 10 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 303 11 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 303 12 819 819 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 303 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 303 14 Philipps Philipps NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 303 15 Manuscript Manuscript NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 303 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 304 1 O o UH en-wikipedia-org-2900 304 2 Lombardy Lombardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 304 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 304 4 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 304 5 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 304 6 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 304 7 Vaticana Vaticana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 304 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 304 9 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 304 10 Vat Vat NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 304 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 304 12 Lat Lat NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 304 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 1 3208 3208 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 2 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 3 Lombardy Lombardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 5 1310 1310 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 6 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 7 Laurenziana Laurenziana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 9 Florence Florence NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 10 XLI.42 XLI.42 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 11 Q Q NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 12 Lombardy Lombardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 14 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 16 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 17 Riccardiana Riccardiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 19 Florence Florence NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 20 2909 2909 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 21 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 22 Toulousain Toulousain NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 24 Rouergue Rouergue NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 26 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 27 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 28 Bibliothèque bibliothèque JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 29 nationale nationale NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 30 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 31 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 33 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 34 BN BN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 35 f.f f.f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 305 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 306 1 22543 22543 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 306 2 Contains contain NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 306 3 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2900 306 4 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 306 5 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 306 6 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 306 7 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 306 8 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 306 9 manuscript manuscript NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 306 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 307 1 Perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 307 2 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 307 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 307 4 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 307 5 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 307 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 307 7 Rodez Rodez NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 307 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 1 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 2 Lombardy Lombardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 4 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 5 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 6 Bodleian Bodleian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 7 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 9 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 10 Douce Douce NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 11 269 269 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 12 Sg Sg NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 13 Catalonia Catalonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 15 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 17 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 18 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 19 Catalunya Catalunya NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 21 Barcelona Barcelona NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 22 146 146 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 24 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 25 Cançoner Cançoner NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 26 Gil Gil NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 308 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 309 1 Called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 309 2 Z z NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 309 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 309 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 309 5 reassignment reassignment NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 309 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 309 7 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 309 8 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 309 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 309 10 François François NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 309 11 Zufferey Zufferey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 309 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 310 1 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 310 2 Lombardy Lombardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 310 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 310 4 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 310 5 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 310 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 310 7 Bibliothèque bibliothèque JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 310 8 nationale nationale NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 310 9 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 310 10 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 310 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 310 12 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 310 13 BN BN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 310 14 f.f f.f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 310 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 1 15211 15211 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 2 U U NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 3 Lombardy Lombardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 5 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 7 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 8 Laurenziana Laurenziana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 10 Florence Florence NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 11 XLI.43 XLI.43 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 12 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 13 Catalonia Catalonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 15 1268 1268 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 16 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 17 Marciana Marciana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 19 Venice Venice NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 20 fr fr NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 311 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 312 1 App App NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 312 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 313 1 cod cod NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 313 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 314 1 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 314 2 W W NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 314 3 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 314 4 Artois Artois NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 314 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 314 6 1254–c 1254–c CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 314 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 315 1 1280 1280 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 315 2 Bibliothèque bibliothèque JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 315 3 nationale nationale NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 315 4 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 315 5 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 315 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 315 7 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 315 8 BN BN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 315 9 f.f f.f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 315 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 316 1 844 844 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 316 2 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 316 3 trouvère trouvère JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 316 4 manuscript manuscript NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 316 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 316 6 Contains Contains NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 316 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 316 8 chansonnier chansonnier NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 316 9 du du NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 316 10 roi roi JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 316 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 316 12 Theobald Theobald NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 316 13 I i CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 316 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 316 15 Navarre Navarre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 316 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 317 1 Possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 317 2 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 317 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 317 4 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 317 5 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 317 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 317 7 Naples Naples NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 317 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 318 1 Contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 318 2 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 318 3 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 318 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 319 1 X X NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 319 2 Lorraine Lorraine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 319 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 319 4 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 319 5 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 319 6 Bibliothèque bibliothèque JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 319 7 nationale nationale NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 319 8 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 319 9 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 319 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 319 11 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 319 12 BN BN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 319 13 f.f f.f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 319 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 320 1 20050 20050 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 320 2 Chansonnier Chansonnier NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 320 3 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 320 4 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 320 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 320 6 Germain Germain NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 320 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 320 8 des des NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 320 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 320 10 Prés Prés NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 320 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 321 1 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 321 2 trouvère trouvère JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 321 3 manuscript manuscript NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 321 4 U u NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 321 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 321 6 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 321 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 321 8 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 321 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 321 10 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 321 11 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 321 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 322 1 Contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 322 2 troubadour troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 322 3 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 322 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 323 1 Owned own VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 323 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 323 3 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 323 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 323 5 Germain Germain NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 323 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 323 7 des des FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 323 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 323 9 Prés Prés NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 323 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 323 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 323 12 18th 18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 323 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 323 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 324 1 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 324 2 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 324 3 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2900 324 4 Lombardy Lombardy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 324 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 324 6 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 324 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 324 8 Bibliothèque bibliothèque JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 324 9 nationale nationale NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 324 10 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 324 11 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 324 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 324 13 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 324 14 BN BN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 324 15 f.f f.f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 324 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 325 1 795 795 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 325 2 Z Z NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 325 3 Occitania Occitania NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 325 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 325 5 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 325 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 325 7 Bibliothèque bibliothèque JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 325 8 nationale nationale NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 325 9 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 325 10 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 325 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 325 12 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 325 13 BN BN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 325 14 f.f f.f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 325 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 326 1 1745 1745 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 326 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 326 3 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 326 4 Riccardiana Riccardiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 326 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 326 6 Florence Florence NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 326 7 2814 2814 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 326 8 Copy Copy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 326 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 326 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 326 11 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 326 12 manuscript manuscript NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 326 13 compiled compile VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 326 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 326 15 Bernart Bernart NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 326 16 Amoros Amoros NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 326 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 1 a1 a1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 2 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 3 Estense Estense NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 5 Modena Modena NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 6 Càmpori Càmpori NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 7 Appendice Appendice NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 8 426 426 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 10 427 427 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 12 494 494 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 14 formerly formerly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 15 Gamma Gamma NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 17 N.8.4.11–13 n.8.4.11–13 LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 19 Copy copy NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 22 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 23 manuscript manuscript NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 24 compiled compile VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 26 Bernart Bernart NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 27 Amoros Amoros NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 327 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 328 1 b b LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 328 2 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 328 3 Vaticana Vaticana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 328 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 328 5 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 328 6 Barberiniani Barberiniani NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 328 7 4087 4087 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 328 8 Copy Copy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 328 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 328 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 328 11 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 328 12 manuscript manuscript NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 328 13 compiled compile VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 328 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 328 15 Miquel Miquel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 328 16 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 328 17 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 328 18 Tor Tor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 328 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 329 1 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 329 2 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 329 3 Laurenziana Laurenziana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 329 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 329 5 Florence Florence NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 329 6 Plut Plut NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 329 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 1 XC XC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 2 inferiore inferiore NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 3 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 4 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 5 Staatsbibliothek Staatsbibliothek NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 7 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 8 Phillipps Phillipps NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 9 1910 1910 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 10 Pillet Pillet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 12 Carstens Carstens NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 13 N2 N2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 15 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 16 Pillet Pillet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 18 Carstens Carstens NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 19 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 22 mere mere JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 23 copy copy NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 25 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 26 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 27 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 28 Vaticana Vaticana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 30 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 31 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 32 7182 7182 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 33 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 35 Pillet Pillet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 37 Carstens Carstens NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 39 Biblioteca Biblioteca NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 40 Vaticana Vaticana NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 42 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 43 Barberiniani Barberiniani NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 44 3965 3965 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 45 Copy Copy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 47 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 48 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 49 manuscript manuscript NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 50 compiled compile VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 51 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 52 Miquel Miquel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 53 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 54 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 55 Tor Tor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 330 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 331 1 f f LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 331 2 Bibliothèque bibliothèque JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 331 3 nationale nationale NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 331 4 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 331 5 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 331 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 331 7 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 331 8 BN BN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 331 9 f.f f.f NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 331 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 1 12472 12472 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 2 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 4 Abraham Abraham NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 6 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 7 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 9 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 13 Rhetoric rhetoric NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 16 Troubadours Troubadours NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 18 Musical musical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 19 Offerings offering NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 21 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 332 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 333 1 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 333 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 333 3 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-2900 333 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 334 1 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 334 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 334 3 Article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 334 4 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 334 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 335 1 Akehurst Akehurst NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 335 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 335 3 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 335 4 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 335 5 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 335 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 335 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 335 8 Davis Davis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 335 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 335 10 Judith Judith NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 335 11 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 335 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 335 13 edd edd NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 335 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 336 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 336 2 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 336 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 336 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 337 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 337 2 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 337 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 337 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 337 5 Troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 337 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 338 1 Berkeley Berkeley NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 338 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 338 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 338 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 338 5 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 338 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 338 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 339 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 339 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 339 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 339 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 339 5 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 339 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 339 7 07976 07976 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 339 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 339 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 339 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 340 1 Aubrey Aubrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 340 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 340 3 Elizabeth Elizabeth NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 340 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 340 5 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 340 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 340 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 341 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 341 2 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 341 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 341 4 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 341 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 341 6 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 341 7 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 341 8 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 341 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 341 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 342 1 Acta Acta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 342 2 Musicologica Musicologica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 342 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 342 4 61:2 61:2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 342 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 342 6 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 342 7 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2900 342 8 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 342 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 342 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 342 11 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 342 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 343 1 110–149 110–149 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 343 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 344 1 Boase Boase NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 344 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 344 3 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 344 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 344 5 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 344 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 344 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 345 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 345 2 Origin Origin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 345 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 345 4 Meaning Meaning NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 345 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 345 6 Courtly Courtly NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 345 7 Love Love NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 345 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 345 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 345 10 Critical Critical NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 345 11 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 345 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 345 13 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 345 14 Scholarship Scholarship NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 345 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 346 1 Manchester manchester NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 346 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 346 3 Manchester Manchester NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 346 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 346 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 346 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 347 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 347 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 347 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 347 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 347 5 87471 87471 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 347 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 347 7 950-X. 950-x. CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 348 1 Chaytor chaytor NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 348 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 348 3 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 348 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 348 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 348 6 1912 1912 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 348 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 348 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 349 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 349 2 Troubadours Troubadours NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 349 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 350 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 350 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 350 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 350 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 350 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 350 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 351 1 Gaunt Gaunt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 351 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 351 3 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 351 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 351 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 351 6 Kay Kay NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 351 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 351 8 Sarah Sarah NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 351 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 351 10 edd edd NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 351 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 352 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 352 2 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 352 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 352 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 352 5 Troubadours Troubadours NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 352 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 352 7 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 352 8 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 352 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 353 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 353 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 353 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 353 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 353 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 353 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 354 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 354 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 354 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 354 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 354 5 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 354 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 354 7 57473 57473 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 354 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 354 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 354 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 355 1 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 355 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 355 3 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 355 4 Powell Powell NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 355 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 355 6 1931 1931 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 355 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 355 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 356 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 356 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 356 3 Jongleur Jongleur NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 356 4 Troubadours Troubadours NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 356 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 356 6 Provence Provence NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 356 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 356 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 357 1 PMLA PMLA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 357 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 357 3 46:2 46:2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 357 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 357 5 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 357 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 357 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 357 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 357 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 358 1 307–311 307–311 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 358 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 359 1 Menocal menocal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 359 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 359 3 María María NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 359 4 Rosa Rosa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 359 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 359 6 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 359 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 359 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 360 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 360 2 Close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 360 3 Encounters Encounters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 360 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 360 5 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 360 6 Provence Provence NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 360 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 360 8 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 360 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 360 10 Role Role NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 360 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 360 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 360 13 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 360 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 360 15 Troubadour Troubadour NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 360 16 Poetry Poetry NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 360 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 360 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 361 1 Hispanic Hispanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 361 2 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 361 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 361 4 49:1 49:1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 361 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 361 6 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 361 7 Memorial Memorial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 361 8 Issue Issue NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 361 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 361 10 Winter Winter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 361 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 361 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 361 13 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 361 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 362 1 43–64 43–64 LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 362 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 363 1 Paden Paden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 363 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 363 3 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 363 4 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 363 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 363 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 363 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 363 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 363 9 Troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 363 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 363 11 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 363 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 363 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 363 14 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 363 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 364 1 157–182 157–182 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 364 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 364 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 2 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 4 Eleanor Eleanor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 6 Aquitaine Aquitaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 9 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 11 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 13 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 14 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 15 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 17 eleventh eleventh JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 19 thirteenth thirteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 20 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 22 edd edd NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 365 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 366 1 Marcus Marcus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 366 2 Bull Bull NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 366 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 366 4 Catherine Catherine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 366 5 Léglu Léglu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 366 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 367 1 Woodbridge woodbridge NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 367 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 367 3 Boydell Boydell NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 367 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 367 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 368 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 368 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 368 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 368 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 368 5 84383 84383 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 368 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 368 7 114 114 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 368 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2900 368 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 368 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 369 1 Riquer Riquer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 369 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 369 3 Martín Martín NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 369 4 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 369 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 370 1 Los Los NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 370 2 trovadores trovadore NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 370 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 370 4 historia historia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 370 5 literaria literaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 370 6 y y NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 370 7 textos textos NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 370 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 371 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 371 2 vol vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 371 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 372 1 Barcelona Barcelona NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 372 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 372 3 Planeta Planeta NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 372 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 372 5 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 372 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 373 1 Silverstein Silverstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 373 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 373 3 Theodore Theodore NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 373 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 373 5 1949 1949 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 373 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 373 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 374 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 374 2 Andreas Andreas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 374 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 374 4 Plato Plato NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 374 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 374 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 374 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 374 8 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 374 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 374 10 Remarks remark NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 374 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 374 12 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 374 13 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 374 14 Accounts Accounts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 374 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 374 16 Courtly Courtly NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 374 17 Love Love NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 374 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 374 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 375 1 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 375 2 Philology Philology NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 375 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 375 4 47:2 47:2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 375 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 375 6 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 375 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 375 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 375 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 375 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 376 1 117–126 117–126 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 376 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 377 1 Smythe smythe VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 377 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 377 3 Barbara Barbara NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 377 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 377 5 1966 1966 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 377 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 377 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 1 Trobador Trobador NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 2 Poets Poets NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 4 Selections selection NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 7 Poems Poems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 9 Eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 10 Trobadors trobador NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 12 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 15 Provençal Provençal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 17 Introduction Introduction NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 18 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 19 Notes Notes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 378 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 379 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 379 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 379 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 379 4 Cooper Cooper NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 379 5 Square Square NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 379 6 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 379 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 380 1 Warren Warren NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 380 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 380 3 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 380 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 380 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 380 6 1912 1912 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 380 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 380 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 381 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 381 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 381 3 Troubadour Troubadour NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 381 4 Canso Canso NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 381 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 381 6 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 381 7 Lyric Lyric NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 381 8 Poetry Poetry NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 381 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 381 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 382 1 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 382 2 Philology Philology NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 382 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 382 4 9:4 9:4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 382 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 382 6 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 382 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 382 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 382 9 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 382 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 383 1 469–487 469–487 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 383 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 384 1 Notes[edit notes[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 384 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 384 3 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 384 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 384 5 TROUBADOUR troubadour JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 384 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 384 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 384 8 Etymologie Etymologie VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 384 9 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 384 10 TROUBADOUR TROUBADOUR NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 384 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 384 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 385 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 385 2 Wolf Wolf NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 385 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 385 4 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 385 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 385 6 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 385 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 385 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 386 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 386 2 Poetry Poetry NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 386 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 386 4 Cercamon Cercamon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 386 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 386 6 Jaufre Jaufre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 386 7 Rudel Rudel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 386 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 387 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 387 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 387 3 Garland Garland NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 387 4 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 387 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 388 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2900 388 2 Chaytor chaytor NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 388 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 388 4 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 388 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 388 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 389 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2900 389 2 Jacques Jacques NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 389 3 Allières Allières NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 389 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 389 5 La La NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 389 6 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 389 7 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 389 8 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 389 9 langue langue NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 389 10 française française NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 389 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 389 12 coll coll NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 389 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 390 1 Que Que NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 390 2 sais sais NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 390 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 390 4 je je NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 390 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 390 6 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-2900 390 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 390 8 éditions édition NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 390 9 PUF PUF NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 390 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 390 11 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 390 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 390 13 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 390 14 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 390 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 391 1 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 391 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 391 3 Imparisyllabiques Imparisyllabiques NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 391 4 β β NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 391 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 391 6 Mots Mots NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 391 7 en en FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 391 8 -OR -or FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 391 9 -ŌRE -ŌRE '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 391 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 392 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 392 2 ALLIÈRES ALLIÈRES NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 392 3 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 392 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 2 Maria Maria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 3 Rosa Rosa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 4 Menocal Menocal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 6 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 10 Pride Pride NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 12 Prejudice Prejudice NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 14 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 15 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 17 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 19 Oriental oriental JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 22 Hispanic Hispanic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 23 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 25 53:1 53:1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 27 61–78 61–78 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 393 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 394 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 394 2 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 394 3 Boase Boase NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 394 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 394 5 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 394 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 394 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 395 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 395 2 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 395 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 395 4 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 395 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 395 6 courtly courtly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 395 7 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 395 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 395 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 395 10 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 395 11 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 395 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 395 13 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 395 14 scholarship scholarship NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 395 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 396 1 Manchester Manchester NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 396 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 396 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 396 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 397 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 397 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 397 3 131 131 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 397 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 2 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 3 Lemay Lemay NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 5 « « VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 7 À À NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 8 propos propo NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 9 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 10 l'origine l'origine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 11 arabe arabe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 12 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 13 l'art l'art NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 14 des des NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 15 troubadours troubadour VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 16   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 17 » » NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 19 Annales Annales NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 398 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 399 1 Économies économie NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 399 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 399 3 sociétés sociétés NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 399 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 399 5 civilisations civilisation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 399 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 399 7 vol vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 399 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 1 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 3 n n CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 4 ° ° NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 5 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 7 1966 1966 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 10 991 991 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 12 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 14 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 15 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 16 Idries Idries NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 17 Shah Shah NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 20 Sufis Sufis NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 400 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 2 Puois Puois NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 3 nostre nostre NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 4 temps temp NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 5 comens'a comens'a VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 6 brunezir brunezir NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 8 read read VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 10 whole whole JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 11 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 12 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 13 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 14 read read VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 16 whole whole JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 17 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 18 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 19 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 20 Del Del NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 21 Monte Monte NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 401 23 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 402 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 402 2 1955 1955 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 402 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 402 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 403 1 Peire Peire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 403 2 d'Alvernha d'Alvernha NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 403 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 403 4 Liriche Liriche NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 403 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 404 1 Turin turin UH en-wikipedia-org-2900 404 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 405 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 405 2 Abu Abu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 405 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 405 4 Haidar Haidar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 405 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 405 6 JA JA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 405 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 405 8 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 405 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 405 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 3 Diminutives diminutive NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 7 dīwān dīwān NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 10 Ibn Ibn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 11 Quzmān Quzmān NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 13 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 14 Product product NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 16 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 17 Hispanic hispanic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 18 Milieu Milieu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 19 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 406 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 407 1 Bulletin bulletin NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 407 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 407 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 407 4 School School NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 407 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 407 6 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 407 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 407 8 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 407 9 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 407 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 407 11 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 407 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 407 13 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 407 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 408 1 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 408 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 408 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 408 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 408 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 408 6 241 241 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 408 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 408 8 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 408 9 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2900 408 10 S0041977X00035448 S0041977X00035448 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 408 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 409 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 409 2 Veldeman Veldeman NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 409 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 409 4 Marie Marie NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 409 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 409 6 Christine Christine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 409 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 409 8 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 409 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 409 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 410 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 410 2 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 410 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 410 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 410 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 410 6 quest quest NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 410 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 410 8 syncretism syncretism NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 410 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 410 10 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 410 11 wholeness wholeness NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 410 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 410 13 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 410 14 Durrell Durrell NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 410 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 410 16 Avignon Avignon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 410 17 Quintet Quintet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 410 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 410 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 411 1 Equivalences equivalence NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 411 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 412 1 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 412 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 412 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 412 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 412 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 412 6 87–100 87–100 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 412 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 413 1 doi:10.3406 doi:10.3406 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 413 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2900 413 3 equiv.2001.1233 equiv.2001.1233 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 413 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 414 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 414 2 Malkin Malkin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 414 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 414 4 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 414 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 414 6 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 414 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 414 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 415 1 Provence Provence NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 415 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 415 3 Pound Pound NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 415 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 416 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 416 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 416 3 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 416 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 417 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 417 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 417 3 326 326 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 417 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 418 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 418 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 418 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 418 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 418 5 0520034884 0520034884 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 418 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 419 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 419 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 419 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 419 4 Beech Beech NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 419 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 419 6 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 419 7 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 419 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 419 9 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 419 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 419 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 2 Troubadour Troubadour NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 3 Contacts contact NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 5 Muslim Muslim NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 6 Spain Spain NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 8 Knowledge Knowledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 10 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 12 New new JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 13 Evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 14 Concerning concern VBG en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 15 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 16 IX IX NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 18 Aquitaine Aquitaine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 420 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 421 1 Romania Romania NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 421 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 422 1 113 113 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 422 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 422 3 449 449 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 422 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 422 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 422 6 14–26 14–26 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 422 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 423 1 doi:10.3406 doi:10.3406 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 423 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2900 423 3 roma.1992.2180 roma.1992.2180 NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 423 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 424 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 424 2 Bogin Bogin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 424 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 424 4 Magda Magda NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 424 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2900 424 6 Bogin Bogin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 424 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 424 8 Meg Meg NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 424 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 424 10 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 424 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 424 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 425 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 425 2 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 425 3 Troubadours troubadour VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 425 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 426 1 WW WW NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 426 2 Norton Norton NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 426 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 427 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 427 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 428 1 46–47 46–47 LS en-wikipedia-org-2900 428 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 429 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 429 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 429 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 429 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 429 5 0393009651 0393009651 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 429 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 430 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2900 430 2 Mona Mona NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 430 3 Baker Baker NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 430 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 430 5 Kirsten Kirsten NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 430 6 Malmkjaer Malmkjaer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 430 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 430 8 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 430 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 431 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 431 2 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 431 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 431 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 432 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 432 2 Spanish spanish JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 432 3 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 432 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 432 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 433 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 433 2 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 433 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 433 4 Translation Translation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 433 5 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 433 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 434 1 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 434 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 435 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 435 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 435 3 553 553 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 435 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 436 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 436 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 436 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 436 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 436 5 0415609845 0415609845 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 436 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 437 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 437 2 Gerald Gerald NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 437 3 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 438 1 Bond bond NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 438 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 438 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 438 4 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 438 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 438 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 438 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 438 8 Akehurst Akehurst NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 438 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 438 10 Davis Davis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 438 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 438 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 438 13 246 246 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 438 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 439 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 439 2 Gerald Gerald NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 439 3 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 440 1 Bond bond NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 440 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 440 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 440 4 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 440 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 440 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 440 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 440 8 Akehurst Akehurst NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 440 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 440 10 Davis Davis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 440 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 440 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 440 13 243 243 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 440 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 441 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 441 2 Warren Warren NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 441 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 441 4 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 441 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 442 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 442 2 Warren Warren NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 442 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 442 4 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 442 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 443 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 443 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 443 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 443 4 Menocal Menocal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 443 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 443 6 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 443 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 444 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2900 444 2 Troubadour Troubadour NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 444 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 444 4 Observatoire Observatoire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 444 5 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 444 6 terminologie terminologie NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 444 7 littéraire littéraire NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 444 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 444 9 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 444 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 444 11 Limoges Limoges NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 444 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 444 13 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 444 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 445 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 445 2 Gerald Gerald NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 445 3 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 446 1 Bond bond NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 446 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 446 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 446 4 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 446 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 446 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 446 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 446 8 Akehurst Akehurst NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 446 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 446 10 Davis Davis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 446 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 446 12 244 244 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 446 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 447 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 447 2 Menocal Menocal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 447 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 447 4 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 447 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 448 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 448 2 Silverstein Silverstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 448 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 448 4 118 118 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 448 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 449 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 449 2 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 449 3 Dronke Dronke NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 449 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 449 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 449 6 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 449 7 Lyric Lyric NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 449 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 449 9 Perennial Perennial NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 449 10 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 449 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 449 12 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 449 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 449 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 449 15 111 111 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 449 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 450 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 450 2 Translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 450 3 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 450 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 450 5 Marjorie Marjorie NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 450 6 Chibnall Chibnall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 450 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 450 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 450 9 Bond Bond NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 450 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 450 11 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 450 12 240 240 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 450 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 451 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 451 2 Paden Paden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 451 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 451 4 161 161 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 451 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 452 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 452 2 Paden Paden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 452 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 452 4 163 163 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 452 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 3 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 4 reference reference NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 7 basse basse NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 8 danse danse NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 9 comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 11 Raimon Raimon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 12 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 13 Cornet Cornet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 15 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 16 attributes attribute VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 20 jongleurs jongleur NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 23 mid-14th mid-14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 24 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 453 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 454 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2900 454 2 Sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 454 3 canso canso NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 454 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 454 5 sirventes sirvente NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 454 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 454 7 sirventes sirvente NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 454 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 454 9 canso canso NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 454 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2900 454 11 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 454 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 455 1 Bertran Bertran NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 455 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 455 3 Born Born NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 455 4 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 455 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 455 6 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 455 7 miei miei NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 455 8 sirventes sirvente NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 455 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 2 Frank Frank NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 3 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 4 Chambers Chambers NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 6 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 9 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 10 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 12 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 13 Provençal Provençal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 14 Versification Versification NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 17 Darby Darby NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 19 PA pa NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 21 Diane Diane NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 22 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 24 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 25   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 26 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 28 87169 87169 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 30 167 167 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 32 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 456 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 457 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 457 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 457 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 457 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 458 1 195–96 195–96 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 458 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 459 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2900 459 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 459 3 Grove Grove NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 459 4 Concise Concise NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 459 5 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 459 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 459 7 Music Music NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 459 8 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 459 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 459 10 Stanley Stanley NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 459 11 Sadie Sadie NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 459 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 460 1 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 460 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 460 3 Ltd. Ltd. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 460 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 460 5 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 460 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 461 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 461 2 Sometimes Sometimes NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 461 3 Doctrina Doctrina NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 461 4 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 461 5 cort cort NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 461 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 461 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 461 8 Doctrinal Doctrinal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 461 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 461 10 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 461 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 461 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 462 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2900 462 2 Sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 462 3 Vers ver VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 462 4 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 462 5 regles regle NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 462 6 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 462 7 trobar trobar NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 462 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 462 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 462 10 Verses verse NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 462 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 462 12 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 462 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 462 14 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 462 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 462 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 5 Fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 6 Las Las NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 7 flors flor VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 8 del del NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 9 Gay Gay NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 10 Saber Saber NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 12 estiers estier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 13 dichas dichas NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 14 las las NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 15 leys leys NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 16 d'amors d'amors NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 19 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 20 flowers flower NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 23 Gay Gay NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 24 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 27 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 28 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 30 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 32 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 463 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 2 Fully Fully NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 3 Compendi compendi FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 4 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 5 la la FW en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 6 conexença conexença NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 7 dels dels NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 8 vicis vicis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 9 que.s que.s NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 10 podon podon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 11 esdevenir esdevenir NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 12 en en IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 13 las las NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 14 dictats dictats NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 15 del del NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 16 Gay Gay NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 17 Saber Saber NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 20 Compendium compendium NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 23 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 26 vices vice NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 27 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 28 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 29 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 30 expressed express VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 33 Gay Gay NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 34 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 464 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 465 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 465 2 Gaunt Gaunt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 465 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 465 4 Kay Kay NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 465 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 465 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 465 7 Appendix Appendix NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 465 8 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 465 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 465 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 465 11 303–04 303–04 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 465 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 466 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 466 2 Paden Paden NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 466 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 466 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 466 5 Manuscripts Manuscripts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 466 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 466 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 466 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 466 9 Akehurst Akehurst NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 466 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 466 11 Davis Davis NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 466 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 466 13 329 329 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 466 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 467 1 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 467 2 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-2900 467 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 467 4 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 467 5 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 467 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 467 7 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 467 8 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 467 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 467 10 Troubadours Troubadours NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 467 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 468 1 Database database NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 468 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 468 3 extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 468 4 Troubadour Troubadour NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 468 5 melodies melody NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 468 6 Literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 468 7 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 468 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 468 9 Troubadour troubadour NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 468 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 4 Naples Naples NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 5 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 6 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 7 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 8 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 9 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 10 Complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 11 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 14 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 15 troubadours troubadour NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 16 Books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 17 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 18 Troubadours Troubadours NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 19 Said Said NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 20 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 21 Abdelwahed Abdelwahed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 469 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 470 1 Troubadour Troubadour NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 470 2 Poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 470 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 470 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 470 5 Intercultural Intercultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 470 6 Experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 470 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 471 1 Courtly courtly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 471 2 Site site NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 471 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2900 471 4 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 471 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 471 6 courtly courtly RB en-wikipedia-org-2900 471 7 love love NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 471 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 471 9 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 471 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 471 11 troubadours troubadour VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 471 12 Pound Pound NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 471 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 471 14 Ezra Ezra NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 471 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 471 16 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 471 17 1913 1913 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 471 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2900 471 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 472 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 472 2 Troubadors troubador NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 472 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 472 4 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2900 472 5 Sorts Sorts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 472 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2900 472 7 Conditions Conditions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 472 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2900 472 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 473 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 473 2 Quarterly Quarterly NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 473 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 473 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 474 1 219 219 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 474 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 474 3 426–440 426–440 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 474 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 1 Authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 2 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 3 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 5 4186337 4186337 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 6 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 7 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 8 LCCN LCCN NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 10 sh85138082 sh85138082 NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 11 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 13 00573329 00573329 CD en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 14 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 17 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Troubadour&oldid=992136464 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Troubadour&oldid=992136464 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 19 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 21 Troubadours Troubadours NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 22 Medieval medieval JJ 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en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 44 music music NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 45 Obsolete Obsolete NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 46 occupations occupation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 47 Medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 48 occupations occupation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 49 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 50 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 51 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 52 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 53 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 54 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 55 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 56 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 57 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 58 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 59 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 60 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 61 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 62 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 63 containing 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Boarisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 190 Català Català NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 191 Čeština Čeština NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 192 Cymraeg Cymraeg NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 193 Dansk Dansk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 194 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 195 Eesti Eesti NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 196 Ελληνικά Ελληνικά NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 197 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 198 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 199 Euskara Euskara NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 200 فارسی فارسی JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 201 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 202 Frysk Frysk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 203 Galego Galego NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 204 한국어 한국어 NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 205 Հայերեն Հայերեն NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 206 Hrvatski Hrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 207 Ido Ido NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 208 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 475 209 Indonesia Indonesia NNP 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Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 478 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2900 478 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2900 478 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 478 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 478 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-2900 478 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 478 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2900 479 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 479 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 479 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-2900 479 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 479 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2900 479 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 479 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 479 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 479 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-2900 479 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 479 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 479 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-2900 479 13 statement statement NN