id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 1 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 3 Wikipedia wikipedia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 4 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 6 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 9 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 10 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 11 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 13 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 14 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 16 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 17 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 18 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 20 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 21 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 23 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 2 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 2 2 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 2 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 2 4 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 2 5 mammals mammal NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 2 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 2 7 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 2 8 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 2 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 1 Expulsion expulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 4 fetus fetus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 7 pregnant pregnant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 8 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 10 uterus uterus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 11 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 12 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 13 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 14 Labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 16 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 18 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 20 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 22 partus partus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 24 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 25 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 27 parturition parturition NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 29 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 31 confinement[1][2 confinement[1][2 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 33 Newborn Newborn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 34 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 36 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 37 ~ ~ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 38 note note VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 40 vernix vernix NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 41 covering covering NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 42 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 43 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 44 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 45 Specialty Specialty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 46 Obstetrics Obstetrics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 48 midwifery midwifery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 49 Complications complication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 50 Obstructed Obstructed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 51 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 53 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 54 bleeding bleeding NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 56 eclampsia eclampsia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 58 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 59 infection infection NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 61 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 62 asphyxia asphyxia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 64 neonatal neonatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 65 hypothermia[3][4][5 hypothermia[3][4][5 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 66 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 67 Types Types NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 68 Vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 69 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 71 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 72 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 73 section[6][7 section[6][7 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 74 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 75 Causes cause VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 76 Pregnancy Pregnancy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 77 Prevention Prevention NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 78 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 79 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 81 abortion abortion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 82 Frequency Frequency NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 83 135 135 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 84 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 85 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 86 2015)[8 2015)[8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 87 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 88 Deaths death NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 89 500,000 500,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 90 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 91 deaths death NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 92 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 93 year[5 year[5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 94 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 95 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 96 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 97 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 98 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 99 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 100 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 101 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 102 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 103 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 104 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 105 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 106 ending ending NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 107 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 108 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 109 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 110 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 111 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 112 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 113 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 114 leaves leave VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 115 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 116 uterus uterus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 117 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 118 passing pass VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 119 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 120 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 121 vagina vagina NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 122 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 123 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 124 Caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 125 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 3 126 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 4 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 4 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 4 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 4 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 4 5 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 4 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 4 7 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 4 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 4 9 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 4 10 135 135 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 4 11 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 4 12 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 4 13 globally globally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 4 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 4 About about RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 5 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 6 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 8 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 9 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 10 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 11 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 13 gestation,[9 gestation,[9 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 15 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 16 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 17 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 19 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 20 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 22 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 23 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 24 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 25 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 5 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 6 developed developed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 7 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 8 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 9 deliveries delivery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 10 occur occur VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 12 hospitals,[11][12 hospitals,[11][12 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 14 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 17 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 18 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 19 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 20 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 21 take take VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 22 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 23 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 24 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 27 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 30 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 31 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 32 attendant attendant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 6 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 7 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 7 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 7 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 7 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 7 5 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 7 6 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 7 7 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 7 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 7 9 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 7 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 7 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 7 12 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 7 13 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 7 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 5 involves involve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 6 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 7 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 9 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 12 shortening shortening NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 14 opening opening NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 17 cervix cervix NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 18 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 20 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 21 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 23 descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 25 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 28 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 29 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 31 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 32 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 36 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 39 placenta placenta NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 40 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 42 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 43 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 8 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 2 14][15 14][15 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 6 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 7 begins begin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 9 crampy crampy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 10 abdominal abdominal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 12 back back JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 13 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 15 lasts last VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 16 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 17 half half PDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 19 minute minute NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 21 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 22 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 23 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 25 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 26 minutes minute NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 9 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 10 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 10 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 10 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 10 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 10 5 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 10 6 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 10 7 stronger strong JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 10 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 10 9 closer close JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 10 10 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 10 11 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 10 12 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 10 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 11 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 11 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 11 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 11 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 11 5 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 11 6 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 11 7 ends end VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 11 8 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 11 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 11 10 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 11 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 11 12 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 11 13 expelled expel VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 11 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 3 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 4 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 7 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 10 placenta placenta NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 12 delayed delay VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 13 clamping clamp VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 16 umbilical umbilical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 17 cord cord NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 19 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 20 recommended recommend VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 12 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 6 2014,[update 2014,[update NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 8 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 9 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 10 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 11 organizations organization NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 12 advise advise VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 14 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 15 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 16 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 17 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 20 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 21 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 24 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 26 alert alert JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 28 responsive responsive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 29 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 31 Caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 32 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 34 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 36 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 37 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 38 placed place VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 39 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 41 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 42 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 43 chest chest NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 45 termed term VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 46 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 47 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 48 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 49 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 50 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 51 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 53 delaying delay VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 54 routine routine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 55 procedures procedure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 56 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 57 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 58 least least RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 59 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 60 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 61 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 62 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 63 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 64 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 66 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 67 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 68 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 69 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 70 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 71 breastfeeding breastfeeding NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 13 72 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 2 17][18][19 17][18][19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 4 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 5 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 7 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 8 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 9 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 11 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 12 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 13 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 14 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 16 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 17 feet foot NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 19 buttocks buttock NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 20 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 22 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 24 breech breech NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 14 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 2 15][20 15][20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 4 Typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 6 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 7 enters enter VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 9 pelvis pelvi NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 10 facing face VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 12 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 13 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 16 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 17 rotates rotate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 19 face face VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 20 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-3038 15 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 16 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 16 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 16 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 16 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 16 5 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 16 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 16 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 16 8 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 16 9 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 16 10 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 16 11 eat eat VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 16 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 16 13 move move VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 16 14 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 16 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 16 16 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 16 17 likes like VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 16 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 5 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 7 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 9 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 11 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 15 relaxation relaxation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 16 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 18 opioids opioid NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 21 spinal spinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 22 blocks block NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 17 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 4 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 5 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 7 cut cut NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 10 opening opening NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 13 vagina vagina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 15 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 18 episiotomy episiotomy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 21 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 25 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 26 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 27 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 18 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 7 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 8 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 9 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 10 deliveries delivery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 11 occurred occur VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 13 Caesarean Caesarean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 14 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 17 operation operation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 20 abdomen abdomen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 19 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 2 23][15 23][15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 4 Each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 5 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 7 complications complication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 9 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 11 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 12 result result VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 14 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 15 500,000 500,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 16 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 17 deaths death NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 19 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 20 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 21 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 22 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 23 serious serious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 24 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 26 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 27 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 30 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 31 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 32 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 33 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 34 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 35 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 36 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 37 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 38 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 20 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 21 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 21 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 21 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 21 4 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 21 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 21 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 21 7 occur occur VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 21 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 21 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 21 10 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 21 11 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 21 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 22 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 22 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 22 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 22 4 Specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 22 5 complications complication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 22 6 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 22 7 obstructed obstruct VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 22 8 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 22 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 22 10 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 22 11 bleeding bleeding NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 22 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 22 13 eclampsia eclampsia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 22 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 22 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 22 16 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 22 17 infection infection NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 22 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 4 Complications Complications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 7 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 9 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 10 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 12 oxygen oxygen NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 13 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 14 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 16 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 17 trauma trauma NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 19 prematurity prematurity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 22 infections infection NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 23 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 2 4][24 4][24 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 4 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 6 Signs sign NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 8 symptoms symptom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 9 1.1 1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 10 Descriptions description NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 11 1.2 1.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 12 Psychological Psychological NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 13 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 14 Vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 15 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 16 2.1 2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 17 Onset Onset NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 19 labour labour JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 20 2.2 2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 21 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 22 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 24 latent latent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 25 phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 26 2.3 2.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 27 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 28 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 29 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 30 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 31 phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 32 2.4 2.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 33 Second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 34 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 35 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 36 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 37 expulsion expulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 38 2.5 2.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 39 Third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 40 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 41 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 42 placenta placenta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 43 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 44 2.6 2.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 45 Fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 46 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 47 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 48 Labour Labour NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 49 induction induction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 51 elective elective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 52 Caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 53 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 54 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 55 Management Management NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 56 4.1 4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 57 Preparation Preparation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 58 4.2 4.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 59 Forceps Forceps NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 60 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 61 vacuum vacuum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 62 assisted assist VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 63 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 64 4.3 4.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 65 Pain Pain NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 66 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 67 4.3.1 4.3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 68 Non Non NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 69 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 70 4.3.2 4.3.2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 71 Pharmaceutical Pharmaceutical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 72 4.4 4.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 73 Augmentation Augmentation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 74 4.5 4.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 75 Episiotomy episiotomy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 76 4.6 4.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 77 Multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 78 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 79 4.7 4.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 80 Support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 81 4.8 4.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 82 Fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 83 monitoring monitoring NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 84 4.8.1 4.8.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 85 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 86 monitoring monitoring NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 87 4.8.2 4.8.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 88 Internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 89 monitoring monitoring NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 90 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 91 Complications Complications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 92 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 93 Labour Labour NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 94 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 95 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 96 complications complication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 97 5.1.1 5.1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 98 Obstructed obstruct VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 99 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 100 5.1.2 5.1.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 101 Eclampsia Eclampsia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 102 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 103 Maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 104 complications complication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 105 5.2.1 5.2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 106 Postpartum Postpartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 107 bleeding bleed VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 108 5.2.2 5.2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 109 Postpartum Postpartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 110 infections infection VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 111 5.2.3 5.2.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 112 Psychological psychological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 113 complications complication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 114 5.3 5.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 115 Fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 116 complications complication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 117 5.3.1 5.3.1 VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 118 Stillbirth Stillbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 119 5.3.2 5.3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 120 Preterm Preterm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 121 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 122 5.3.3 5.3.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 123 Neonatal neonatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 124 infection infection NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 125 5.3.4 5.3.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 126 Perinatal perinatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 127 asphyxia asphyxia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 128 5.3.5 5.3.5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 129 Mechanical Mechanical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 130 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 131 injury injury NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 132 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 133 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 134 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 135 Role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 136 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 137 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 138 6.2 6.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 139 Hospitals Hospitals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 140 6.3 6.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 141 Medication Medication NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 142 6.4 6.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 143 Caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 144 sections section NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 145 6.5 6.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 146 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 147 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 148 6.6 6.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 149 Maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 150 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 151 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 152 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 153 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 154 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 155 7.1 7.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 156 Costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 157 7.2 7.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 158 Location location NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 159 7.3 7.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 160 Facilities facility NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 161 7.4 7.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 162 Associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 163 occupations occupation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 164 7.5 7.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 165 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 166 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 167 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 168 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 169 7.6 7.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 170 Collecting collect VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 171 stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 172 cells cell NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 173 7.7 7.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 174 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 175 aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 176 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 177 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 178 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 179 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 180 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 181 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 182 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 183 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 184 Signs sign NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 185 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 186 symptoms[edit symptoms[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 187 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 188 Luristan Luristan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 189 bronze bronze NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 190 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 191 fibula fibula NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 192 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 193 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 194 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 195 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 196 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 197 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 198 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 199 antelopes antelope NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 200 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 201 ornamented ornament VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 202 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 203 flowers flower NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 204 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 205 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 206 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 207 1000 1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 208 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 209 650 650 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 210 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 211 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 212 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 213 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 214 Louvre Louvre NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 215 museum museum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 216 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 217 Note note NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 218 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 219 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 220 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 221 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 222 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 223 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 224 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 225 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 226 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 24 227 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 25 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 25 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 25 3 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 25 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 25 5 spelling spell VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 25 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 25 7 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 25 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 25 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 25 10 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 25 11 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 25 12 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 25 13 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 25 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 25 15 labour labour JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 25 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 25 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 25 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 26 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 26 2 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 26 3 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 26 4 sign sign NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 26 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 26 6 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 26 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 26 8 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 26 9 repetitive repetitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 26 10 uterine uterine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 26 11 contractions contraction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 26 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 27 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 27 2 distress distress NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 27 3 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 27 4 reported report VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 27 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 27 6 labouring labour VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 27 7 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 27 8 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 27 9 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 27 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 2 appear appear VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 5 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 7 fear fear NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 9 anxiety anxiety NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 10 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 12 experience experience VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 14 prior prior JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 15 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 17 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 18 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 20 childbirth childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 21 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 23 mobility mobility NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 24 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 25 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 29 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 30 received receive VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 31 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 32 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 28 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 2 25][26 25][26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 4 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 5 expectations expectation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 8 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 10 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 12 caregivers caregiver NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 14 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 17 caregiver caregiver NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 19 patient patient NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 20 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 23 involvement involvement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 25 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 27 making making NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 28 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 29 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 30 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 32 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 33 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 34 overall overall JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 35 satisfaction satisfaction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 36 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 38 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 40 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 41 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 42 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 43 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 44 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 45 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 46 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 47 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 49 socioeconomic socioeconomic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 50 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 52 ethnicity ethnicity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 54 preparation preparation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 56 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 57 environment environment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 59 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 61 immobility immobility NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 63 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 64 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 65 interventions intervention NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 29 66 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 4 Descriptions[edit descriptions[edit JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 6 Pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 8 contractions contraction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 10 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 11 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 13 feeling feel VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 14 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 16 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 17 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 18 menstrual menstrual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 19 cramps cramp NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 30 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 31 1 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 31 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 31 3 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 31 4 encouraged encourage VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 31 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 31 6 refrain refrain VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 31 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 31 8 screaming scream VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 31 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 32 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 32 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 32 3 moaning moan VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 32 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 32 5 grunting grunting NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 32 6 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 32 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 32 8 encouraged encourage VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 32 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 32 10 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 32 11 lessen lessen VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 32 12 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 32 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 33 1 Crowning crowning NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 33 2 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 33 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 33 4 experienced experience VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 33 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 33 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 33 7 intense intense JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 33 8 stretching stretching NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 33 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 33 10 burning burning NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 33 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 1 Even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 2 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 3 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 4 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 5 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 6 reaction reaction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 8 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 9 pains pain NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 12 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 14 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 15 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 17 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 19 substantially substantially RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 20 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 21 reaction reaction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 23 crowning crowning NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 26 appearance appearance NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 29 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 30 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 31 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 34 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 1 Back back RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 2 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 5 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 7 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 8 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 9 occurring occur VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 12 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 13 back back NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 15 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 16 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 18 tailbone tailbone NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 20 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 21 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 35 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 4 Psychological[edit psychological[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 6 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 8 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 9 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 11 gestation gestation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 12 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 15 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 17 abundance abundance NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 19 oxytocin oxytocin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 22 hormone hormone NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 23 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 25 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 27 evoke evoke VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 28 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 30 contentment contentment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 32 reductions reduction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 34 anxiety anxiety NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 37 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 39 calmness calmness NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 41 security security NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 42 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 44 mate mate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 36 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 4 Oxytocin oxytocin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 6 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 7 released release VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 8 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 9 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 10 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 12 fetus fetus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 13 stimulates stimulate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 15 cervix cervix NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 17 vagina vagina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 20 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 22 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 24 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 25 plays play VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 27 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 28 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 31 bonding bonding NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 34 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 36 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 37 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 41 establishment establishment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 43 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 44 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 37 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 38 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 38 2 act act NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 38 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 38 4 nursing nurse VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 38 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 38 6 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 38 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 38 8 causes cause VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 38 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 38 10 release release NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 38 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 38 12 oxytocin oxytocin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 38 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 4 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 5 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 6 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 8 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 9 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 11 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 14 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 15 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 16 report report VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 17 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 18 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 20 sadness sadness NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 23 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 24 blues blue NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 26 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 27 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 28 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 39 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 2 symptoms symptom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 3 normally normally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 4 occur occur VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 7 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 8 minutes minute NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 9 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 11 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 12 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 13 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 14 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 17 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 18 lessen lessen VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 20 disappear disappear VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 21 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 22 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 23 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 24 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 25 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 40 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 41 1 Postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 41 2 depression depression NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 41 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 41 4 develop develop VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 41 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 41 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 41 7 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 41 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 42 1 Preventive preventive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 42 2 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 42 3 therapy therapy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 42 4 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 42 5 proven prove VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 42 6 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 42 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 42 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 42 9 prophylactic prophylactic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 42 10 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 42 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 42 12 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 42 13 depression depression NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 42 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 2 31][32 31][32 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 4 Vaginal Vaginal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 5 birth[edit birth[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 7 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 8 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 10 Vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 11 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 12 Sequence sequence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 14 images image NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 15 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 17 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 19 ordinary ordinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 20 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 43 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 44 1 Humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 44 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 44 3 bipedal bipedal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 44 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 44 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 44 6 erect erect NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 44 7 stance stance NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 44 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 2 erect erect NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 3 posture posture NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 4 causes cause VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 6 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 9 abdominal abdominal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 10 contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 12 thrust thrust VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 15 pelvic pelvic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 16 floor floor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 19 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 20 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 22 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 24 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 25 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 26 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 27 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 28 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 29 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 32 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 34 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 35 channels channel NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 37 pass pass VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 38 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 39 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 40 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 42 urethra urethra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 45 vagina vagina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 48 rectum rectum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 45 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 2 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 4 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 6 shoulders shoulder NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 7 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 8 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 9 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 11 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 12 sequence sequence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 14 maneuvers maneuver NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 16 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 18 pass pass VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 19 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 21 ring ring NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 24 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 25 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 26 pelvis pelvi NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 46 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 1 Six six CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 2 phases phase NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 5 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 6 vertex vertex NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 8 cephalic cephalic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 10 head head JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 12 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 13 presentation presentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 15 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 17 Engagement engagement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 20 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 21 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 24 transverse transverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 25 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 47 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 48 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 48 2 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 48 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 48 4 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 48 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 48 6 facing face VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 48 7 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 48 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 48 9 pelvis pelvi NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 48 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 48 11 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 48 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 48 13 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 48 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 48 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 48 16 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 48 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 48 18 hips hip NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 48 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 49 1 Descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 49 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 49 3 flexion flexion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 49 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 49 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 49 6 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 49 7 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 49 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 50 1 Internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 50 2 rotation rotation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 50 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 2 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 3 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 4 rotates rotate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 6 degrees degree NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 9 occipito occipito NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 11 anterior anterior NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 12 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 13 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 16 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 18 face face NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 20 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 22 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 23 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 24 rectum rectum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 51 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 52 1 Delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 52 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 52 3 extension extension NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 52 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 2 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 3 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 5 bowed bow VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 7 chin chin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 9 chest chest NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 11 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 14 back back NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 16 crown crown NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 19 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 20 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 22 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 23 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 25 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 26 canal canal NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 28 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 30 back back NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 32 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 33 neck neck NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 34 presses press NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 35 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 37 pubic pubic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 38 bone bone NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 40 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 41 chin chin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 42 leaves leave VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 43 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 44 chest chest NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 46 extending extend VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 48 neck neck NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 49 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 50 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 51 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 52 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 53 look look VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 54 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 56 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 58 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 60 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 61 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 62 passes pass VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 63 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 66 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 67 canal canal NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 53 68 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 54 1 Restitution restitution NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 54 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 2 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 3 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 4 turns turn VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 5 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 6 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 7 degrees degree NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 9 restore restore VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 10 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 11 normal normal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 12 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 15 shoulders shoulder NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 19 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 20 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 22 angle angle NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 55 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 56 1 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 56 2 rotation rotation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 56 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 2 shoulders shoulder NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 3 repeat repeat VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 5 corkscrew corkscrew JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 6 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 9 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 12 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 14 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 17 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 18 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 21 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 22 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 57 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 58 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 58 2 vagina vagina NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 58 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 58 4 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 58 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 58 6 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 58 7 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 58 8 canal canal NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 58 9 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 58 10 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 58 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 58 12 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 58 13 enters enter VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 58 14 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 58 15 passage passage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 58 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 59 1 Station station NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 59 2 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 59 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 59 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 59 5 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 59 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 59 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 59 8 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 59 9 presenting present VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 59 10 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 59 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 59 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 59 13 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 59 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 59 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 59 16 ischial ischial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 59 17 spines spine NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 59 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 60 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 60 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 60 3 presenting present VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 60 4 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 60 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 60 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 60 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 60 8 ischial ischial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 60 9 spines spine NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 60 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 60 11 station station NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 60 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 60 13 0 0 NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 60 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 60 15 synonymous synonymous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 60 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 60 17 engagement engagement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 60 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 60 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 1 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 3 presenting present VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 4 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 5 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 7 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 9 spines spine NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 12 distance distance NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 14 measured measure VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 16 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 18 minus minus JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 19 stations station NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 22 range range VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 24 −1 −1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 26 −4 −4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 27   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 28 cm cm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 61 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 1 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 3 presenting present VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 4 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 6 below below IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 8 ischial ischial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 9 spines spine NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 12 distance distance NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 14 stated state VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 16 plus plus CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 17 stations station NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 19 +1 +1 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 21 +4 +4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 23 cm cm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 62 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 63 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 63 2 +3 +3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 63 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 63 4 +4 +4 VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 63 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 63 6 presenting present VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 63 7 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 63 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 63 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 63 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 63 11 perineum perineum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 63 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 63 13 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 63 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 63 15 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 63 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 2 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 5 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 6 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 8 temporarily temporarily RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 9 change change VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 10 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 11 substantially substantially RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 13 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 14 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 15 elongated elongated JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 19 moves move VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 20 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 22 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 23 canal canal NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 64 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 2 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 5 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 8 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 9 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 11 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 12 molding mold VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 15 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 16 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 17 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 19 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 20 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 22 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 23 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 24 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 65 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 4 Cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 5 ripening ripening NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 8 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 10 chemical chemical NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 11 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 14 cervix cervix NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 16 prepare prepare VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 20 stretching stretching NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 21 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 22 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 23 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 24 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 27 fetus fetus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 28 moves move VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 29 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 32 uterus uterus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 34 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 36 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 37 canal canal NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 66 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 2 scoring score VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 3 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 4 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 6 Bishop Bishop NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 7 score score NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 10 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 12 judge judge VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 14 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 16 cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 17 ripening ripening NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 19 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 21 predict predict VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 23 timing timing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 25 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 27 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 30 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 33 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 34 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 35 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 36 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 37 preterm preterm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 38 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 67 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 4 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 6 judge judge VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 7 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 9 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 10 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 11 respond respond VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 13 induction induction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 15 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 18 postdate postdate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 19 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 22 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 23 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 68 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 3 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 4 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 6 inducing induce VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 7 cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 8 ripening ripening NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 10 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 11 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 13 uterine uterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 14 contractions contraction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 16 effectively effectively RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 17 dilate dilate VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 19 cervix cervix NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 69 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 70 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 70 2 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 70 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 70 4 Onset Onset NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 70 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 70 6 labour[edit labour[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 70 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 70 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 70 9 hormones hormone NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 70 10 initiating initiate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 70 11 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 70 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 3 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 4 definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 7 onset onset NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 9 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 11 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 13 Regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 14 uterine uterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 15 contractions contraction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 17 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 18 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 19 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 20 minutes minute NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 22 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 24 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 26 cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 27 dilation dilation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 29 cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 30 effacement effacement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 31 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 32 consecutive consecutive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 33 digital digital JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 34 examinations examination NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 71 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 72 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 72 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 72 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 72 4 Regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 72 5 contractions contraction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 72 6 occurring occur VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 72 7 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 72 8 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 72 9 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 72 10 minutes minute NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 72 11 apart apart RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 72 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 72 13 progressive progressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 72 14 cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 72 15 dilation dilation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 72 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 72 17 cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 72 18 effacement effacement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 72 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 2 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 4 At at RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 5 least least RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 6 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 7 painful painful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 8 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 9 uterine uterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 10 contractions contraction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 11 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 13 10-minute 10-minute CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 14 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 16 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 17 lasting last VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 18 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 19 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 20 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 21 seconds second NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 73 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 5 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 7 avail avail VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 9 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 10 uniform uniform JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 11 terminology terminology NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 14 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 15 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 17 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 19 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 20 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 22 latent latent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 26 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 28 phases phase NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 30 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 32 latent latent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 33 phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 35 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 36 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 39 definition definition NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 41 labour,[39 labour,[39 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 42 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 44 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 45 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 74 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 2 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 4 Common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 5 signs sign NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 7 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 9 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 10 spelled spell VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 12 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 15 about about JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 17 begin begin VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 18 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 19 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 21 lightening lighten VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 75 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 1 Lightening Lightening NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 4 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 7 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 8 moving move VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 9 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 12 rib rib NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 13 cage cage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 16 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 19 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 20 engaging engage VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 21 deep deep RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 24 pelvis pelvi NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 76 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 2 pregnant pregnant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 3 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 4 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 5 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 6 find find VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 7 breathing breathing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 8 easier easy JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 10 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 11 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 12 lungs lung NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 13 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 14 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 15 room room NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 17 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 20 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 22 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 23 bladder bladder NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 24 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 25 cause cause VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 26 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 27 frequent frequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 28 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 30 void void VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 32 urinate urinate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 77 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 1 Lightening Lightening NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 2 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 3 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 5 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 6 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 9 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 10 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 11 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 12 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 13 begins begin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 16 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 18 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 19 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 20 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 21 begun begin VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 78 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 5 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 7 experience experience VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 9 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 11 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 12 discharge discharge NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 13 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 14 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 15 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 16 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 17 begins begin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 18 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 21 mucus mucus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 22 plug plug NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 26 thick thick JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 27 plug plug NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 29 mucus mucus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 30 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 31 blocks block VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 33 opening opening NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 36 uterus uterus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 38 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 39 pushed push VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 40 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 41 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 43 vagina vagina NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 79 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 80 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 80 2 mucus mucus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 80 3 plug plug NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 80 4 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 80 5 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 80 6 dislodged dislodged JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 80 7 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 80 8 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 80 9 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 80 10 begins begin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 80 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 80 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 80 13 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 80 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 80 15 start start NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 80 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 80 17 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 80 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 4 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 5 inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 7 uterus uterus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 9 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 11 enclosed enclose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 14 fluid fluid NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 16 filled fill VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 17 membrane membrane NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 18 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 20 amniotic amniotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 21 sac sac NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 81 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 82 1 Shortly shortly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 82 2 before before RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 82 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 82 4 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 82 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 82 6 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 82 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 82 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 82 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 82 10 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 82 11 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 82 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 82 13 sac sac NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 82 14 ruptures rupture VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 82 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 1 Once once IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 3 sac sac NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 4 ruptures rupture VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 6 termed term VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 9 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 10 breaks break VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 14 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 17 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 19 infection infection NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 22 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 23 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 24 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 25 team team NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 26 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 27 assess assess VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 29 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 31 induce induce VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 32 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 33 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 34 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 35 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 36 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 37 started start VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 38 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 40 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 41 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 42 believe believe VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 44 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 45 safe safe JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 46 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 48 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 83 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 84 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 84 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 84 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 84 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 84 5 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 84 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 84 7 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 84 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 84 9 experience experience VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 84 10 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 84 11 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 84 12 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 84 13 termed term VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 84 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 84 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 84 16 nesting nesting JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 84 17 instinct instinct NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 84 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 84 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 85 1 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 85 2 report report VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 85 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 85 4 spurt spurt NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 85 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 85 6 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 85 7 shortly shortly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 85 8 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 85 9 going go VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 85 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 85 11 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 85 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 4 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 5 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 7 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 9 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 10 Folklore Folklore NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 11 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 12 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 13 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 15 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 16 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 18 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 21 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 22 night night NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 24 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 25 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 26 morning morning NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 28 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 30 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 32 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 33 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 34 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 35 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 37 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 38 correct correct JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 41 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 43 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 44 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 45 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 46 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 47 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 48 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 49 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 50 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 51 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 52 Saturday Saturday NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 53 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 54 Sunday Sunday NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 86 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 1 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 3 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 5 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 6 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 8 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 9 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 10 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 11 a.m. a.m. NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 13 noon noon NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 16 reflection reflection NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 19 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 21 planned plan VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 22 C c NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 24 sections section NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 26 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 27 scheduled schedule VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 29 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 87 30 a.m. a.m. NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 88 1 Likewise likewise RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 88 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 88 3 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 88 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 88 5 induced induce VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 88 6 deliveries delivery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 88 7 rose rise VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 88 8 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 88 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 88 10 morning morning NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 88 11 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 88 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 88 13 peaked peak VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 88 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 88 15 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 88 16 p.m. p.m. RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 2 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 3 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 4 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 7 week week NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 10 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 12 birthday birthday NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 15 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 17 Monday Monday NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 19 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 21 Tuesday Tuesday NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 23 likely likely RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 24 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 26 scheduled schedule VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 27 deliveries delivery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 28 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 29 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 89 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 2 42][43 42][43 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 4 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 5 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 7 latent latent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 8 phase[edit phase[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 11 latent latent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 12 phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 14 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 15 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 17 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 20 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 24 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 25 perceives perceive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 26 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 27 uterine uterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 28 contractions contraction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 90 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 2 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 5 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 7 Braxton Braxton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 8 Hicks Hicks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 9 contractions contraction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 13 contractions contraction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 16 start start VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 17 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 18 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 19 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 20 gestation gestation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 22 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 23 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 24 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 26 false false JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 27 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 30 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 31 infrequent infrequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 33 irregular irregular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 36 involve involve VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 37 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 38 mild mild JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 39 cramping cramping NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 91 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 2 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 4 Cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 5 effacement effacement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 10 thinning thinning NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 12 stretching stretching NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 15 cervix cervix NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 18 cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 19 dilation dilation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 20 occur occur VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 21 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 23 closing close VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 24 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 26 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 92 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 1 Effacement effacement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 3 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 4 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 5 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 6 near near RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 8 complete complete NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 10 dilation dilation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 12 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 13 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 15 cm cm NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 18 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 21 latent latent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 22 phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 93 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 94 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 94 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 94 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 94 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 94 5 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 94 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 94 7 cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 94 8 effacement effacement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 94 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 94 10 dilation dilation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 94 11 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 94 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 94 13 felt feel VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 94 14 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 94 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 94 16 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 94 17 examination examination NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 94 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 95 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 95 2 latent latent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 95 3 phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 95 4 ends end VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 95 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 95 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 95 7 onset onset NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 95 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 95 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 95 10 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 95 11 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 95 12 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 95 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 1 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 2 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 4 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 5 phase[edit phase[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 7 Engagement Engagement NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 10 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 11 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 13 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 14 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 16 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 20 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 21 phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 23 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 24 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 26 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 28 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 29 phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 30 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 31 termed term VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 32 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 33 latent latent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 34 phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 36 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 37 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 40 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 41 geographically geographically RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 42 differing differ VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 43 definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 96 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 2 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 3 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 4 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 5 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 7 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 8 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 9 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 13 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 15 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 16 characterized characterize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 18 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 19 painful painful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 20 uterine uterine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 21 contractions contraction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 24 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 25 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 27 cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 28 effacement effacement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 30 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 31 rapid rapid JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 32 cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 33 dilatation dilatation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 34 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 35 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 36 cm cm NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 37 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 38 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 39 dilatation dilatation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 41 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 43 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 44 labours labour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 97 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 6 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 9 definition definition NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 11 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 12 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 14 changed change VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 16 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 18 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 19   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 20 cm cm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 23 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 24   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 25 cm cm NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 27 cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 28 dilation dilation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 30 multiparous multiparous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 31 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 33 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 34 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 35 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 36 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 37 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 38 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 41 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 42 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 43   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 44 cm cm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 45 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 46 nulliparous nulliparous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 47 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 49 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 50 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 51 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 52 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 53 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 54 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 55 before before RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 98 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 99 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 99 2 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 99 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 99 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 99 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 99 6 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 99 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 99 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 99 9 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 99 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 99 11 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 99 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 99 13 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 99 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 99 15 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 99 16 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 99 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 2 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 4 Health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 5 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 6 providers provider NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 8 assess assess VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 10 labouring labour VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 11 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 13 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 15 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 17 performing perform VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 19 cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 20 exam exam NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 22 evaluate evaluate VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 24 cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 25 dilation dilation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 27 effacement effacement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 30 station station NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 100 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 101 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 101 2 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 101 3 form form VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 101 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 101 5 Bishop Bishop NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 101 6 score score NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 101 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 2 Bishop Bishop NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 3 score score NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 7 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 10 means means NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 12 predict predict VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 14 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 17 induction induction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 19 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 102 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 103 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 103 2 effacement effacement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 103 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 103 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 103 5 cervix cervix NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 103 6 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 103 7 incorporated incorporate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 103 8 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 103 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 103 10 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 103 11 segment segment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 103 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 103 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 103 14 uterus uterus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 103 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 3 contraction contraction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 5 uterine uterine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 6 muscles muscle NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 7 contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 8 causing cause VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 9 shortening shortening NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 12 upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 13 segment segment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 15 drawing drawing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 16 upwards upward NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 19 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 20 segment segment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 24 gradual gradual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 25 expulsive expulsive NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 26 motion motion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 104 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 105 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 105 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 105 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 105 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 105 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 105 6 presenting present VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 105 7 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 105 8 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 105 9 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 105 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 105 11 permitted permit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 105 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 105 13 descend descend VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 105 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 1 Full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 2 dilation dilation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 4 reached reach VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 5 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 7 cervix cervix NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 9 widened widen VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 10 enough enough RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 12 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 13 passage passage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 16 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 18 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 20 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 21 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 23 cm cm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 24 dilation dilation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 27 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 28 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 106 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 2 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 3 duration duration NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 6 latent latent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 7 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 8 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 12 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 14 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 15 vary vary VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 16 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 18 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 19 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 21 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 107 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 4 duration duration NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 6 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 7 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 8 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 12 cm cm NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 13 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 14 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 15 cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 16 dilatation dilatation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 18 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 19 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 21 extend extend VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 22 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 23 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 24 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 26 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 27 labours labours NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 30 primiparae primipara NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 35 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 36 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 37 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 38 extend extend VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 39 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 40 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 41 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 43 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 44 labours labour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 46 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 47 multiparae multipara NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 48 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 108 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 4 Dystocia Dystocia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 6 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 9 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 11 dysfunctional dysfunctional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 12 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 16 failure failure NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 18 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 22 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 23 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 25 abnormally abnormally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 26 slow slow JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 27 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 29 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 31 involving involve VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 32 progressive progressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 33 cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 34 dilatation dilatation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 35 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 36 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 38 descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 41 fetus fetus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 109 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 110 1 Friedman Friedman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 110 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 110 3 Curve Curve NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 110 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 110 5 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 110 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 110 7 1955 1955 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 110 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 110 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 110 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 110 11 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 110 12 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 110 13 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 110 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 110 15 determine determine VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 110 16 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 110 17 dystocia dystocia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 110 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 111 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 111 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 111 3 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 111 4 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 111 5 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 111 6 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 111 7 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 111 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 111 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 111 10 Friedman Friedman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 111 11 curve curve NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 111 12 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 111 13 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 111 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 111 15 currently currently RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 111 16 applicable applicable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 111 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 112 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 112 2 51][52 51][52 CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 112 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 112 4 Second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 112 5 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 112 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 112 7 fetal fetal NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 112 8 expulsion[edit expulsion[edit , en-wikipedia-org-3038 112 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 112 10 Stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 112 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 112 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 112 13 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 112 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 112 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 112 16 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 112 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 112 18 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 112 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 113 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 113 2 expulsion expulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 113 3 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 113 4 begins begin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 113 5 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 113 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 113 7 cervix cervix NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 113 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 113 9 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 113 10 dilated dilate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 113 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 113 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 113 13 ends end VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 113 14 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 113 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 113 16 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 113 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 113 18 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 113 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 2 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 5 cervix cervix NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 6 increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 9 sensation sensation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 11 pelvic pelvic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 12 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 14 experienced experience VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 22 urge urge NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 24 begin begin VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 25 pushing push VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 114 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 3 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 6 normal normal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 7 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 8 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 11 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 13 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 14 engaged engage VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 17 pelvis pelvi NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 20 widest wide JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 21 diameter diameter NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 24 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 25 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 26 passed pass VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 27 below below IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 29 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 32 pelvic pelvic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 33 inlet inlet NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 115 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 2 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 3 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 4 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 5 continues continue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 6 descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 7 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 9 pelvis pelvi NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 11 below below IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 13 pubic pubic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 14 arch arch NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 16 out out RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 17 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 19 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 20 introitus introitus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 22 opening opening NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 116 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 3 assisted assist VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 6 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 7 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 8 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 11 bearing bear VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 12 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 15 pushing push VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 17 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 19 defecation defecation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 117 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 118 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 118 2 appearance appearance NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 118 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 118 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 118 5 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 118 6 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 118 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 118 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 118 9 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 118 10 orifice orifice NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 118 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 118 12 termed term VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 118 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 118 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 118 15 crowning crowning NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 118 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 118 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 119 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 119 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 119 3 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 119 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 119 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 119 6 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 119 7 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 119 8 feel feel VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 119 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 119 10 intense intense JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 119 11 burning burning NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 119 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 119 13 stinging stinging JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 119 14 sensation sensation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 119 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 3 amniotic amniotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 4 sac sac NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 7 ruptured rupture VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 8 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 9 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 11 pushing push VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 14 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 15 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 17 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 20 membranes membrane NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 21 intact intact JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 120 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 121 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 121 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 121 3 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 121 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 121 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 121 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 121 7 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 121 8 en en IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 121 9 caul caul NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 121 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 121 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 122 1 Complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 122 2 expulsion expulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 122 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 122 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 122 5 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 122 6 signals signal NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 122 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 122 8 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 122 9 completion completion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 122 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 122 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 122 12 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 122 13 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 122 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 122 15 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 122 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 2 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 4 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 5 preterm preterm JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 6 infants infant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 9 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 10 covered cover VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 13 waxy waxy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 15 cheese cheese NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 17 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 18 white white JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 19 substance substance NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 20 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 21 vernix vernix NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 123 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 124 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 124 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 124 3 thought think VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 124 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 124 5 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 124 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 124 7 protective protective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 124 8 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 124 9 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 124 10 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 124 11 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 124 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 124 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 124 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 124 15 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 124 16 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 124 17 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 124 18 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 124 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 125 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 125 2 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 125 3 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 125 4 varies vary VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 125 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 125 6 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 125 7 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 125 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 125 9 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 125 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 3 labours labour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 5 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 7 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 8 completed complete VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 9 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 10 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 11 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 12 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 14 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 15 labours labour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 17 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 19 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 20 completed complete VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 21 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 22 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 23 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 126 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 2 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 4 Second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 6 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 7 labours labour VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 8 longer long JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 9 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 10 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 11 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 13 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 15 declining decline VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 16 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 18 spontaneous spontaneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 19 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 20 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 22 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 23 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 25 infection infection NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 27 perineal perineal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 28 tears tear NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 31 obstetric obstetric JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 32 hemorrhage hemorrhage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 34 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 35 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 38 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 39 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 40 intensive intensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 41 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 44 neonate neonate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 127 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 2 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 4 Third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 5 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 7 placenta placenta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 8 delivery[edit delivery[edit , en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 10 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 11 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 13 Umbilical umbilical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 14 cord cord NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 16 Placental placental NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 17 expulsion expulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 19 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 21 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 22 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 24 fetus fetus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 26 expelled expel VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 27 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 28 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 29 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 31 placenta placenta NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 32 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 33 expelled expel VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 35 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 37 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 38 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 40 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 41 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 43 involution involution NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 44 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 128 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 129 1 Placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 129 2 expulsion expulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 129 3 begins begin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 129 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 129 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 129 6 physiological physiological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 129 7 separation separation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 129 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 129 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 129 10 wall wall NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 129 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 129 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 129 13 uterus uterus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 129 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 2 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 3 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 5 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 8 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 9 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 10 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 11 expulsion expulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 14 placenta placenta NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 16 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 19 10–12 10–12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 20 minutes minute NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 21 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 23 whether whether CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 24 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 26 expectant expectant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 27 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 29 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 130 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 2 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 5 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 6 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 8 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 9 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 11 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 12 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 13 deliveries delivery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 16 duration duration NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 19 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 20 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 22 longer long JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 23 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 24 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 25 minutes minute NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 27 raises raise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 28 concern concern NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 30 retained retained JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 31 placenta placenta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 131 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 2 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 4 Placental placental NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 5 expulsion expulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 8 managed manage VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 9 actively actively RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 12 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 14 managed manage VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 15 expectantly expectantly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 17 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 19 placenta placenta NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 22 expelled expel VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 23 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 24 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 25 assistance assistance NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 132 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 1 Active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 2 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 5 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 8 uterotonic uterotonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 9 drug drug NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 10 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 11 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 12 minute minute NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 14 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 15 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 17 controlled control VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 18 traction traction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 21 umbilical umbilical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 22 cord cord NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 24 fundal fundal NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 25 massage massage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 26 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 27 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 30 placenta placenta NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 32 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 34 performance performance NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 36 uterine uterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 37 massage massage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 38 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 39 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 40 minutes minute NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 41 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 42 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 43 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 133 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 2 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 6 joint joint JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 7 statement statement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 9 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 10 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 11 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 14 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 15 Federation Federation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 17 Gynaecology Gynaecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 19 Obstetrics Obstetrics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 22 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 23 Confederation Confederation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 25 Midwives Midwives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 26 recommend recommend VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 27 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 28 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 31 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 32 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 34 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 36 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 37 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 38 deliveries delivery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 40 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 41 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 42 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 43 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 44 hemorrhage hemorrhage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 134 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 2 58][59][60 58][59][60 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 4 Delaying delay VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 6 clamping clamping NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 9 umbilical umbilical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 10 cord cord NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 12 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 13 least least RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 14 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 15 minute minute NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 17 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 19 ceases cease VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 21 pulsate pulsate VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 24 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 25 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 26 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 27 minutes minute NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 29 improves improve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 30 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 31 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 32 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 34 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 37 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 39 treat treat VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 40 jaundice jaundice NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 41 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 42 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 43 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 135 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 2 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 3 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 4 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 6 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 8 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 9 cord cord NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 10 cutting cutting NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 11 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 14 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 16 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 18 experiencing experience VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 19 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 20 bleeding bleeding NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 21 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 22 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 23 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 25 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 26 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 27 bleeding bleeding NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 136 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 3 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 4 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 5 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 7 delayed delay VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 8 cord cord NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 9 cutting cut VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 11 healthy healthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 12 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 14 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 15 infants infant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 16 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 18 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 19 haemoglobin haemoglobin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 20 concentration concentration NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 22 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 23 birthweight birthweight NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 25 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 26 iron iron NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 27 reserves reserve NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 28 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 30 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 31 months month NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 32 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 33 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 34 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 35 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 36 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 39 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 41 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 42 bleeding bleeding NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 137 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 2 61][62 61][62 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 4 Fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 5 stage[edit stage[edit , en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 7 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 8 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 10 Postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 11 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 13 Puerperal puerperal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 14 disorder disorder NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 15 Newborn Newborn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 16 rests rest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 18 caregiver caregiver NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 19 checks check NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 20 breath breath NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 21 sounds sound VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 22 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 24 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 25 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 27 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 31 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 32 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 33 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 34 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 36 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 39 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 41 extending extend VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 42 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 43 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 44 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 45 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 138 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 139 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 139 2 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 139 3 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 139 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 139 5 postnatal postnatal NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 139 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 139 7 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 139 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 139 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 139 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 139 11 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 139 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 2 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 5 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 7 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 9 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 10 hormone hormone NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 11 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 13 uterus uterus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 14 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 16 return return VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 19 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 20 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 21 pregnant pregnant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 22 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 25 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 26 adjusts adjust NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 28 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 29 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 31 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 32 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 33 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 140 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 2 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 3 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 4 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 6 WHO WHO NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 8 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 10 postnatal postnatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 11 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 14 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 15 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 17 yet yet RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 19 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 20 neglected neglect VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 21 phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 24 lives life NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 26 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 28 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 30 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 31 deaths death NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 32 occur occur VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 33 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 35 postnatal postnatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 36 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 141 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 2 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 4 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 6 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 8 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 10 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 13 episiotomy episiotomy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 16 tearing tearing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 19 perineum perineum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 23 stitched stitch VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 142 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 5 optimal optimal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 6 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 8 uptake uptake NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 10 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 12 acting act VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 13 reversible reversible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 14 contraception contraception NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 16 LARC LARC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 19 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 22 contraceptive contraceptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 23 implant implant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 25 intrauterine intrauterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 26 device device NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 28 IUD IUD NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 31 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 33 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 34 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 35 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 36 inserted insert VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 37 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 38 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 39 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 40 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 42 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 43 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 44 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 47 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 48 room room NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 143 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 2 65][66 65][66 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 5 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 7 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 8 assessments assessment NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 10 uterine uterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 11 contraction contraction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 13 fundal fundal NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 14 height,[67 height,[67 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 16 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 17 bleeding bleeding NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 19 heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 20 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 22 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 23 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 26 temperature temperature NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 30 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 31 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 32 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 33 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 34 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 144 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 145 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 145 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 145 3 passing passing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 145 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 145 5 urine urine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 145 6 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 145 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 145 8 documented document VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 145 9 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 145 10 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 145 11 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 145 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 2 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 4 Afterpains afterpain NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 6 pains pain NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 7 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 9 menstrual menstrual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 10 cramps cramp NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 13 contractions contraction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 16 uterus uterus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 18 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 19 excessive excessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 20 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 21 flow flow NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 23 continue continue VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 25 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 26 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 146 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 1 Vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 2 discharge discharge NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 4 termed term VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 6 lochia lochia JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 9 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 11 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 13 continue continue VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 15 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 16 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 18 initially initially RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 19 bright bright JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 20 red red JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 22 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 23 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 24 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 25 pink pink JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 27 changing change VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 29 brown brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 32 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 34 yellow yellow NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 35 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 36 white white JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 147 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 148 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 148 2 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 148 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 148 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 148 5 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 148 6 experience experience VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 148 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 148 8 uncontrolled uncontrolled JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 148 9 episode episode NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 148 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 148 11 shivering shivering NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 148 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 148 13 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 148 14 chills chill NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 148 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 148 16 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 148 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 148 18 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 148 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 1 Until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 2 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 3 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 4 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 6 hospitals hospital NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 8 removed remove VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 11 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 12 shortly shortly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 13 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 14 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 16 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 19 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 20 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 22 feeding feed VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 23 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 149 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 1 Mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 3 told tell VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 5 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 6 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 7 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 9 safer safe JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 12 nursery nursery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 16 separation separation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 17 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 18 offer offer VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 20 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 21 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 22 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 24 rest rest VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 150 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 2 attitudes attitude NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 3 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 5 change change VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 8 hospitals hospital NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 9 offered offer VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 12 rooming room VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 13 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 15 option option NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 16 wherein wherein WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 17 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 19 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 21 routine routine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 22 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 23 procedures procedure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 25 observation observation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 28 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 29 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 30 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 31 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 33 share share VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 35 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 36 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 37 room room NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 151 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 152 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 152 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 152 3 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 152 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 152 5 rooming room VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 152 6 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-3038 152 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 152 8 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 152 9 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 152 10 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 152 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 1 Around around IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 2 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 3 authorities authority NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 4 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 6 question question VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 8 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 10 removing remove VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 12 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 13 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 14 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 16 routine routine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 17 postnatal postnatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 18 procedures procedure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 19 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 20 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 21 returned return VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 24 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 153 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 2 authorities authority NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 3 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 5 suggest suggest VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 7 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 8 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 12 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 13 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 15 placing place VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 17 naked naked JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 18 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 21 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 22 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 23 chest chest NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 25 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 26 benefit benefit VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 27 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 28 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 30 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 154 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 1 Using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 2 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 3 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 4 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 5 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 8 intimate intimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 9 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 10 inherent inherent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 12 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 16 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 17 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 18 promotes promote VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 19 neurobehaviors neurobehavior NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 20 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 21 result result VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 24 fulfillment fulfillment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 26 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 27 biological biological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 28 needs need NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 31 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 33 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 34 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 35 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 37 assess assess VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 38 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 40 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 41 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 43 advantages advantage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 44 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 45 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 46 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 47 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 48 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 49 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 50 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 51 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 52 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 53 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 54 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 55 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 56 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 57 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 59 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 60 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 155 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 2 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 3 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 4 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 5 looked look VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 7 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 8 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 10 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 12 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 13 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 17 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 18 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 20 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 21 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 22 kangaroo kangaroo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 23 care care NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 25 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 27 improved improve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 28 breastfeeding breastfeeding NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 29 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 31 cardio cardio NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 33 respiratory respiratory JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 34 stability stability NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 38 decrease decrease NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 40 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 41 crying crying NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 156 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 2 69][70 69][70 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 6 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 7 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 8 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 10 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 14 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 15 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 17 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 18 promotes promote VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 20 likelihood likelihood NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 22 effectiveness effectiveness NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 24 breastfeeding breastfeed VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 157 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 2 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 8 early early RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 9 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 10 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 14 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 15 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 17 endorsed endorse VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 19 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 20 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 21 organizations organization NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 22 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 23 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 24 responsible responsible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 27 well well NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 29 being being NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 31 infants infant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 33 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 35 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 36 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 38 Pediatrics Pediatrics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 158 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 5 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 6 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 7 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 9 WHO WHO NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 11 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 15 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 17 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 19 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 20 finished finish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 21 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 23 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 24 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 25 safely safely RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 26 transferred transfer VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 28 placental placental NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 30 mammary mammary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 31 nutrition nutrition NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 159 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 3 advised advise VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 6 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 8 placed place VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 9 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 13 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 16 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 17 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 18 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 19 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 22 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 23 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 26 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 27 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 28 alert alert JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 30 responsive responsive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 31 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 33 Caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 34 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 36 postponing postpone VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 37 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 38 routine routine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 39 procedures procedure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 41 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 42 least least RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 43 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 44 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 45 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 46 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 160 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 2 WHO WHO NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 3 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 5 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 6 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 7 observations observation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 10 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 11 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 13 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 14 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 16 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 17 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 18 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 21 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 23 saying say VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 24 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 25 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 27 brief brief JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 28 separation separation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 29 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 31 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 32 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 33 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 34 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 35 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 36 feed feed NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 37 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 38 disturb disturb VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 40 bonding bonding NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 41 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 161 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 2 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 3 advise advise VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 4 frequent frequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 5 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 9 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 10 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 11 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 12 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 14 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 15 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 17 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 18 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 19 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 20 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 22 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 23 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 24 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 26 interrupted interrupt VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 28 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 29 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 30 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 32 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 162 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 4 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 5 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 7 Labour Labour NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 8 induction induction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 10 elective elective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 11 Caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 12 section[edit section[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 14 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 15 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 17 Caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 18 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 20 Induction Induction NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 22 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 23 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 24 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 25 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 28 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 29 frequency frequency NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 31 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 32 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 33 achieved achieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 34 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 35 induction induction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 37 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 38 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 39 caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 40 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 163 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 164 1 Labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 164 2 induction induction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 164 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 164 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 164 5 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 164 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 164 7 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 164 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 164 9 stimulates stimulate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 164 10 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 164 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 164 12 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 164 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 165 1 Inducing induce VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 165 2 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 165 3 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 165 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 165 5 accomplished accomplish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 165 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 165 7 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 165 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 165 9 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 165 10 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 165 11 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 165 12 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 165 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 1 Inductions induction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 3 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 4 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 5 performed perform VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 6 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 8 prostaglandin prostaglandin JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 9 drug drug NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 10 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 11 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 16 combination combination NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 18 prostaglandin prostaglandin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 20 intravenous intravenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 21 oxytocin oxytocin JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 22 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 23 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 24 [72 [72 XX en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 26 Caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 27 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 30 removal removal NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 33 neonate neonate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 34 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 36 surgical surgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 37 incision incision NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 40 abdomen abdoman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 42 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 43 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 44 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 45 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 46 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 166 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 167 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 167 2 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 167 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 167 4 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 167 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 167 6 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 167 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 167 8 Sections Sections NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 167 9 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 167 10 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 167 11 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 167 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 167 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 167 14 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 167 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 167 16 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 167 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 167 18 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 167 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 168 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 168 2 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 168 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 168 4 32.8 32.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 168 5 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 168 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 168 7 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 168 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 168 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 168 10 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 168 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 168 12 delivered deliver VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 168 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 168 14 cesarean cesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 168 15 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 168 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 2 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 4 Induced induce VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 5 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 7 elective elective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 8 cesarean cesarean NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 9 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 10 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 11 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 12 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 14 harmful harmful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 17 neonate neonate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 18 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 19 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 21 harmful harmful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 23 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 24 benefit benefit NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 27 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 169 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 170 1 Therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 170 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 170 3 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 170 4 guidelines guideline NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 170 5 recommend recommend VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 170 6 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 170 7 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 170 8 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 170 9 medically medically RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 170 10 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 170 11 induced induced JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 170 12 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 170 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 170 14 elective elective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 170 15 cesarean cesarean NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 170 16 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 170 17 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 170 18 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 170 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 2 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 6 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 8 labour labour JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 9 induction induction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 12 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 13 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 15 23.3 23.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 16 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 19 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 20 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 21 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 22 doubled double VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 24 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 26 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 171 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 2 75][76 75][76 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 5 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 6 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 8 Obstetricians Obstetricians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 10 Gynecologists Gynecologists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 12 ACOG ACOG NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 14 guidelines guideline NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 15 recommend recommend VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 17 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 18 evaluation evaluation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 21 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 23 fetal fetal NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 24 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 27 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 30 cervix cervix NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 33 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 34 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 36 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 37 completed complete VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 38 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 40 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 41 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 44 gestation gestation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 45 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 46 optimal optimal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 47 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 50 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 51 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 52 considering consider VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 53 elective elective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 54 induction induction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 56 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 172 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 1 Per per IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 3 guidelines guideline NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 6 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 7 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 11 indication indication NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 13 induction induction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 15 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 17 Abruptio Abruptio NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 18 placentae placentae VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 19 Chorioamnionitis Chorioamnionitis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 20 Fetal Fetal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 21 compromise compromise NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 22 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 24 isoimmunization isoimmunization NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 25 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 27 hemolytic hemolytic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 28 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 31 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 33 oligohydramnios oligohydramnios NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 34 Fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 35 demise demise VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 36 Gestational Gestational NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 37 hypertension hypertension NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 38 Maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 39 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 40 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 41 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 42 gestational gestational JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 43 diabetes diabete NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 44 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 45 chronic chronic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 46 kidney kidney NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 47 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 48 Preeclampsia Preeclampsia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 49 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 50 eclampsia eclampsia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 51 Premature premature JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 52 rupture rupture NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 54 membranes membrane NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 55 Postterm Postterm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 56 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 57 Induction Induction NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 58 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 59 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 60 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 61 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 62 logistical logistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 63 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 65 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 66 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 67 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 68 distance distance NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 69 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 70 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 71 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 72 psychosocial psychosocial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 73 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 74 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 75 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 76 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 77 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 78 instances instance NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 79 gestational gestational JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 80 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 81 confirmation confirmation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 82 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 83 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 84 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 85 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 86 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 87 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 88 maturity maturity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 89 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 90 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 91 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 92 lung lung NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 93 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 94 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 95 confirmed confirm VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 96 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 97 testing test VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 173 98 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 2 ACOG ACOG NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 4 note note VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 6 contraindications contraindication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 8 induced induce VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 9 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 12 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 15 spontaneous spontaneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 16 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 17 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 19 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 20 vasa vasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 21 previa previa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 23 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 24 placenta placenta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 25 praevia praevia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 27 umbilical umbilical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 28 cord cord NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 29 prolapse prolapse NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 30 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 31 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 32 genital genital JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 33 herpes herpe NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 34 simplex simplex NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 35 infection infection NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 174 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 175 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 175 2 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 175 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 175 4 Management[edit management[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 175 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 175 6 Share share NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 175 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 175 8 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 175 9 attended attend VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 175 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 175 11 skilled skilled JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 175 12 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 175 13 staff staff NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 175 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 2 78 78 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 4 Deliveries delivery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 6 assisted assist VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 9 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 11 professionals professional NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 12 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 14 obstetricians obstetrician NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 16 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 17 physicians physician NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 19 midwives midwife NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 176 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 177 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 177 2 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 177 3 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 177 4 pregnancies pregnancy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 177 5 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 177 6 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 177 7 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 177 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 177 9 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 177 10 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 177 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 178 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 178 2 79 79 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 178 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 178 4 Preparation[edit Preparation[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 178 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 178 6 Eating eating NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 178 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 178 8 drinking drink VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 178 9 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 178 10 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 178 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 178 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 178 13 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 178 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 178 15 ongoing ongoing JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 178 16 debate debate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 178 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 4 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 6 eating eat VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 8 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 10 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 11 harmful harmful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 12 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 14 outcomes,[80 outcomes,[80 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 16 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 17 continue continue VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 19 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 20 concern concern NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 21 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 23 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 24 possibility possibility NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 26 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 27 aspiration aspiration NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 28 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 30 choking choke VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 31 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 32 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 33 eaten eat VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 34 foods food NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 38 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 40 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 41 emergency emergency NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 42 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 43 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 44 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 46 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 47 relaxation relaxation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 50 esophagus esophagus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 51 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 52 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 54 upward upward JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 55 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 58 uterus uterus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 59 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 61 stomach stomach NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 63 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 64 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 65 possibility possibility NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 66 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 67 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 68 anesthetic anesthetic NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 69 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 70 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 71 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 72 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 73 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 74 emergency emergency NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 75 cesarean cesarean NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 179 76 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 2 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 6 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 7 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 8 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 11 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 12 obstetrical obstetrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 13 anaesthesia anaesthesia NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 14 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 16 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 17 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 19 harms harm NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 21 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 22 eating eating NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 24 drinking drink VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 25 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 26 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 28 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 29 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 30 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 31 unlikely unlikely JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 33 need need VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 34 surgery surgery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 180 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 2 additionally additionally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 3 acknowledge acknowledge VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 5 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 6 eating eat VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 7 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 8 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 9 mean mean VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 10 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 13 empty empty JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 14 stomach stomach NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 18 contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 21 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 22 acidic acidic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 181 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 2 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 3 conclude conclude VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 6 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 7 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 9 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 11 eat eat VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 13 drink drink VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 15 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 18 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 21 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 22 wish wish VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 182 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 3 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 5 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 6 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 7 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 8 shaving shaving NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 11 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 12 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 14 vagina vagina NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 17 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 18 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 19 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 22 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 24 hair hair NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 25 removal removal NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 26 reduced reduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 28 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 30 infection infection NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 32 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 33 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 34 episiotomy episiotomy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 37 surgical surgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 38 cut cut NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 40 enlarge enlarge VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 42 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 43 entrance entrance NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 45 easier easy JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 48 helped help VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 49 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 50 instrumental instrumental JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 51 deliveries delivery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 183 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 3 currently currently RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 4 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 5 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 7 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 8 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 10 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 12 routine routine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 13 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 15 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 16 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 17 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 18 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 20 systematic systematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 21 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 22 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 23 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 24 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 26 recommend recommend VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 27 shaving shaving NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 184 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 2 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 4 Side side JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 5 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 6 appear appear VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 7 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 9 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 10 irritation irritation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 12 redness redness NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 15 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 16 superficial superficial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 17 scratches scratch NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 20 razor razor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 185 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 2 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 4 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 5 infection infection NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 9 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 12 antiseptic antiseptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 13 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 15 providone providone NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 17 iodine iodine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 18 solution solution NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 21 vagina vagina NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 186 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 187 1 Evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 187 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 187 3 benefit benefit NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 187 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 187 5 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 187 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 187 7 lacking lack VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 187 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 2 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 5 decreased decrease VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 6 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 8 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 10 providone providone NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 12 iodine iodine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 13 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 15 cesarean cesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 16 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 19 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 20 performed perform VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 188 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 2 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 4 Forceps forceps NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 5 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 6 vacuum vacuum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 7 assisted assist VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 8 delivery[edit delivery[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 10 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 11 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 13 Obstetrical obstetrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 14 forceps forceps NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 15 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 16 assisted assisted JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 17 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 19 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 21 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 22 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 24 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 25 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 28 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 29 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 30 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 31 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 32 either either DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 33 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 34 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 35 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 36 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 38 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 39 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 40 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 41 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 43 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 44 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 189 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 190 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 190 2 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 190 3 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 190 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 190 5 termed term VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 190 6 obstetrical obstetrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 190 7 forceps forceps NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 190 8 extraction extraction NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 190 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 190 10 vacuum vacuum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 190 11 extraction extraction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 190 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 190 13 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 190 14 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 190 15 ventouse ventouse NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 190 16 extraction extraction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 190 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 1 Done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 2 properly properly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 4 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 6 both both RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 7 safe safe JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 9 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 10 preference preference NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 12 forceps forceps NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 13 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 14 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 15 vacuum vacuum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 18 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 20 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 22 preferable preferable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 24 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 25 unexpected unexpected JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 26 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 28 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 191 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 2 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 3 safe safe JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 5 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 6 risks risk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 9 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 10 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 11 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 12 tearing tearing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 14 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 16 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 17 chance chance NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 19 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 21 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 22 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 23 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 24 tear tear NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 25 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 26 involves involve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 28 muscle muscle NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 30 wall wall NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 33 anus anus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 34 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 35 rectum rectum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 192 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 4 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 5 risks risk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 7 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 8 clots clot NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 9 forming form VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 12 legs leg NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 14 pelvis pelvi NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 15 -- -- : en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 16 anti anti JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 17 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 18 clot clot JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 19 stockings stocking NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 21 medication medication NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 22 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 24 ordered order VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 26 avoid avoid VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 27 clots clot NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 193 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 194 1 Urinary urinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 194 2 incontinence incontinence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 194 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 194 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 194 5 unusual unusual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 194 6 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 194 7 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 194 8 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 194 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 194 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 194 11 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 194 12 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 194 13 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 194 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 194 15 instrument instrument NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 194 16 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 194 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 195 1 Certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 195 2 exercises exercise NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 195 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 195 4 physiotherapy physiotherapy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 195 5 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 195 6 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 195 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 195 8 condition condition NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 195 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 195 10 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 195 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 2 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 4 Pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 5 control[edit control[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 10 Pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 11 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 12 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 13 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 14 Non Non NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 15 pharmaceutical[edit pharmaceutical[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 17 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 18 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 19 prefer prefer VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 21 avoid avoid VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 22 analgesic analgesic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 23 medication medication NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 24 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 25 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 196 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 197 1 Psychological psychological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 197 2 preparation preparation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 197 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 197 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 197 5 beneficial beneficial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 197 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 198 1 Relaxation relaxation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 198 2 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 198 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 198 4 immersion immersion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 198 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 198 6 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 198 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 198 8 massage massage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 198 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 198 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 198 11 acupuncture acupuncture NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 198 12 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 198 13 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 198 14 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 198 15 relief relief NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 198 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 199 1 Acupuncture acupuncture NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 199 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 199 3 relaxation relaxation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 199 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 199 5 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 199 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 199 7 decrease decrease VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 199 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 199 9 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 199 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 199 11 caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 199 12 sections section NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 199 13 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 199 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 2 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 4 Immersion immersion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 6 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 9 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 11 relieve relieve VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 12 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 13 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 15 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 16 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 18 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 21 reduce reduce VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 23 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 25 anesthesia anesthesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 27 shorten shorten VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 29 duration duration NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 31 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 33 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 35 safety safety NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 37 efficacy efficacy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 39 immersion immersion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 40 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 41 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 43 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 44 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 46 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 47 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 48 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 49 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 50 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 51 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 52 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 53 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 54 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 55 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 56 benefit benefit NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 200 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 2 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 4 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 5 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 6 like like VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 8 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 9 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 11 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 12 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 13 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 14 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 16 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 17 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 21 midwife midwife NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 23 nurse nurse NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 26 doula doula NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 27 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 30 lay lie VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 31 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 32 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 35 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 38 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 41 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 42 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 44 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 45 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 46 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 47 friend friend NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 201 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 1 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 2 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 3 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 5 continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 6 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 7 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 8 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 10 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 11 reduce reduce VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 13 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 15 medication medication NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 18 caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 20 operative operative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 21 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 22 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 25 result result VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 27 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 28 improved improved JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 29 Apgar apgar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 30 score score NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 33 infant[89][90 infant[89][90 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 34 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 35 Pharmaceutical[edit pharmaceutical[edit JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 36 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 37 Different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 38 measures measure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 39 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 40 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 41 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 42 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 43 varying vary VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 44 degrees degree NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 46 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 48 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 49 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 50 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 52 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 54 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 55 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 202 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 3 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 5 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 7 doctors doctor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 8 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 9 prescribe prescribe VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 10 inhaled inhale VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 11 nitrous nitrous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 12 oxide oxide NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 13 gas gas NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 15 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 16 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 18 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 20 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 21 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 22 nitrous nitrous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 23 oxide oxide NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 25 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 26 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 27 oxygen oxygen NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 29 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 31 Entonox Entonox NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 32 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 35 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 37 midwives midwife NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 38 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 39 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 40 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 41 gas gas NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 42 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 44 doctor doctor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 45 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 46 prescription prescription NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 203 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 2 91 91 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 4 Opioids opioid NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 7 fentanyl fentanyl NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 10 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 13 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 14 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 15 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 16 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 18 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 19 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 22 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 24 respiratory respiratory JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 25 depression depression NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 28 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 204 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 5 Popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 6 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 7 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 8 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 10 hospitals hospital NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 11 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 13 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 14 anesthetics anesthetic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 15 epidurals epidural NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 17 EDA EDA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 21 spinal spinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 22 anaesthesia anaesthesia NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 205 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 1 Epidural epidural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 2 analgesia analgesia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 5 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 6 safe safe JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 8 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 9 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 11 relieving relieve VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 12 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 14 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 17 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 18 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 19 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 21 longer long JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 22 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 24 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 25 operative operative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 26 intervention intervention NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 28 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 29 instrument instrument NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 30 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 34 increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 36 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 206 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 2 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 7 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 8 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 10 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 12 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 13 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 14 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 17 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 18 epidural epidural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 19 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 20 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 21 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 22 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 24 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 25 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 28 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 30 instruments instrument NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 33 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 35 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 37 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 38 deliveries delivery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 207 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 2 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 4 Generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 6 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 8 stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 9 hormones hormone NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 10 rise rise VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 11 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 12 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 14 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 15 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 16 epidurals epidural NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 18 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 19 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 21 fear fear NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 24 stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 25 hormones hormone NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 26 decrease decrease VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 27 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 28 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 30 epidural epidural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 31 analgesia analgesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 33 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 34 rise rise VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 35 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 36 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 208 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 209 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 209 2 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 209 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 209 4 Medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 209 5 administered administer VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 209 6 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 209 7 epidural epidural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 209 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 209 9 cross cross VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 209 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 209 11 placenta placenta NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 209 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 209 13 enter enter VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 209 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 209 15 bloodstream bloodstream NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 209 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 209 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 209 18 fetus fetus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 209 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 2 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 4 Epidural epidural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 5 analgesia analgesia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 7 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 8 statistically statistically RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 9 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 10 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 13 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 15 caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 16 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 19 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 21 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 23 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 24 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 25 immediate immediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 26 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 27 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 28 neonatal neonatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 29 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 31 determined determine VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 32 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 33 Apgar Apgar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 34 scores score NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 210 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 211 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 211 2 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 211 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 211 4 Augmentation[edit Augmentation[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 211 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 211 6 Oxytocin oxytocin JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 211 7 facilitates facilitate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 211 8 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 211 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 211 10 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 211 11 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 211 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 211 13 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 211 14 feedback feedback NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 211 15 loop loop NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 211 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 1 Augmentation augmentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 4 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 6 stimulating stimulate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 8 uterus uterus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 10 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 12 intensity intensity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 14 duration duration NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 16 contractions contraction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 17 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 18 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 19 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 20 begun begin VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 212 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 1 Several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 2 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 4 augmentation augmentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 6 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 10 treat treat VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 11 slow slow JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 12 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 14 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 16 dystocia dystocia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 18 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 19 uterine uterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 20 contractions contraction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 22 assessed assess VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 24 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 25 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 26 weak weak JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 213 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 214 1 Oxytocin oxytocin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 214 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 214 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 214 4 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 214 5 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 214 6 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 214 7 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 214 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 214 9 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 214 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 214 11 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 214 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 214 13 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 214 14 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 214 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 2 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 5 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 6 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 7 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 8 recommends recommend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 9 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 10 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 11 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 12 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 15 amniotomy amniotomy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 17 rupture rupture NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 20 amniotic amniotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 21 membrane membrane NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 24 advises advise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 25 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 26 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 27 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 28 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 29 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 30 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 31 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 32 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 33 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 34 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 35 correctly correctly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 36 confirmed confirm VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 37 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 38 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 39 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 40 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 41 proceeding proceed VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 42 properly properly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 43 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 44 harm harm NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 45 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 46 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 47 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 48 avoided avoid VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 215 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 216 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 216 2 WHO who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 216 3 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 216 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 216 5 recommend recommend VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 216 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 216 7 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 216 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 216 9 antispasmodic antispasmodic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 216 10 agents agent NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 216 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 216 12 prevention prevention NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 216 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 216 14 delay delay NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 216 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 216 16 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 216 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 2 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 4 Episiotomy[edit Episiotomy[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 6 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 7 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 9 Episiotomy episiotomy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 10 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 11 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 13 episiotomy episiotomy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 15 thought think VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 17 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 18 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 19 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 20 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 21 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 22 tears tear NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 24 heal heal VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 25 better well RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 26 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 28 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 29 tear tear NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 217 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 1 Perineal perineal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 2 tears tear NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 3 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 4 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 5 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 7 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 8 opening opening NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 11 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 13 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 14 passes pass VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 15 through through RP en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 17 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 18 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 20 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 21 descends descend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 22 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 218 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 219 1 Tears tear NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 219 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 219 3 involve involve VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 219 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 219 5 perineal perineal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 219 6 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 219 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 219 8 extend extend VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 219 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 219 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 219 11 muscles muscle NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 219 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 219 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 219 14 anal anal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 219 15 sphincter sphincter NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 219 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 219 17 anus anus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 219 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 220 1 Once once RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 220 2 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 220 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 220 4 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 220 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 220 6 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 220 7 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 220 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 220 9 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 220 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 220 11 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 220 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 4 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 5 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 8 midwife midwife NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 10 obstetrician obstetrician NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 11 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 13 surgical surgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 14 cut cut NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 17 perineum perineum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 19 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 20 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 21 tears tear NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 22 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 23 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 24 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 25 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 27 repair repair VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 221 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 2 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 3 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 4 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 5 compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 6 episiotomy episiotomy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 8 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 10 restrictive restrictive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 13 routine routine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 14 episiotomy episiotomy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 16 determine determine VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 18 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 19 benefits benefit NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 21 harms harm NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 23 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 25 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 222 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 2 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 3 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 5 restrictive restrictive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 6 episiotomy episiotomy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 7 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 8 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 10 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 12 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 14 benefits benefit NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 15 compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 17 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 18 routine routine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 19 episiotomy episiotomy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 223 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 1 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 2 experienced experience VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 3 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 4 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 5 perineal perineal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 6 trauma trauma NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 8 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 9 posterior posterior NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 10 perineal perineal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 11 trauma trauma NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 13 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 14 suturing suturing JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 16 fewer few JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 17 healing healing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 18 complications complication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 20 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 21 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 23 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 24 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 26 occurrence occurrence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 28 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 30 urinary urinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 31 incontinence incontinence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 33 painful painful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 34 sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 35 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 36 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 37 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 38 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 39 perineal perineal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 40 trauma trauma NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 41 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 42 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 224 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 2 98 98 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 4 Multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 5 births[edit births[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 10 Multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 11 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 12 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 13 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 16 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 17 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 19 presenting present VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 20 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 21 twin twin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 23 twins twin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 24 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 25 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 26 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 27 delivered deliver VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 28 vaginally vaginally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 225 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 3 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 4 twin twin JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 5 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 7 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 10 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 11 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 12 room room NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 16 operating operate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 17 theatre theatre NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 21 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 23 complication complication NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 226 24 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 2 twins twin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 3 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 4 vaginally vaginally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 5 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 8 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 9 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 10 presented present VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 11 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 12 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 14 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 15 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 16 comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 17 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 18 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 23 breech breech NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 24 and/or and/or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 25 helped help VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 28 forceps forceps NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 29 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 30 ventouse ventouse NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 31 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 32 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 33 twin twin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 34 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 35 vaginally vaginally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 38 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 39 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 40 caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 41 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 227 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 1 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 3 twins twin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 5 joined join VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 7 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 8 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 11 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 12 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 13 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 14 conjoined conjoin VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 15 twins twin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 17 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 19 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 21 caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 22 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 228 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 1 Support[edit support[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 3 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 6 Men men NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 8 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 10 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 11 Baby Baby NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 13 warming warm VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 14 tray tray NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 15 attended attend VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 18 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 19 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 229 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 1 Obstetric obstetric JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 2 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 3 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 4 subjects subject VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 5 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 7 institutional institutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 8 routines routine NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 11 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 12 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 13 adverse adverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 14 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 17 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 19 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 230 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 1 Supportive supportive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 2 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 3 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 4 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 5 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 6 involve involve VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 7 emotional emotional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 8 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 10 comfort comfort NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 11 measures measure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 14 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 16 advocacy advocacy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 18 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 19 promote promote VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 21 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 22 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 24 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 25 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 26 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 28 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 29 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 30 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 32 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 34 competence competence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 36 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 37 reducing reduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 39 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 41 obstetric obstetric JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 42 intervention intervention NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 231 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 2 continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 3 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 4 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 6 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 7 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 9 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 10 staff staff NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 11 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 13 nurses nurse NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 15 midwives midwife NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 17 doulas doula NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 21 companions companion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 24 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 25 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 26 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 28 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 29 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 30 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 232 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 2 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 3 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 4 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 5 examined examine VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 6 debriefing debrief VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 7 interventions intervention NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 9 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 10 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 11 perceived perceive VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 12 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 14 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 15 traumatic traumatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 17 failed fail VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 19 find find VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 20 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 21 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 23 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 24 routine routine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 25 debriefing debriefing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 28 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 29 intervention intervention NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 30 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 31 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 233 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 2 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 6 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 7 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 9 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 12 participation participation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 15 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 17 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 20 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 21 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 23 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 24 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 26 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 27 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 28 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 29 birth birth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 30 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 32 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 34 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 35 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 36 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 37 exhibit exhibit VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 38 excessive excessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 39 anxiety anxiety NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 234 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 235 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 235 2 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 235 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 235 4 Continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 235 5 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 235 6 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 235 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 235 8 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 235 9 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 235 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 235 11 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 235 12 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 235 13 spontaneously spontaneously RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 235 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 235 15 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 1 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 2 caesarean caesarean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 3 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 4 vacuum vacuum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 5 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 6 forceps forceps NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 9 slightly slightly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 10 shorter short JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 11 labours labour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 15 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 16 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 17 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 18 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 19 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 21 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 23 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 24 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 236 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 1 Continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 2 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 3 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 4 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 6 reduce reduce VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 7 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 9 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 11 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 12 medication medication NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 13 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 14 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 16 reduce reduce VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 18 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 20 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 21 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 22 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 23 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 25 minute minute NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 26 Agpar Agpar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 27 scores score NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 237 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 2 101 101 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 4 Fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 5 monitoring[edit monitoring[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 7 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 8 monitoring[edit monitoring[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 10 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 11 monitoring monitoring NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 14 fetus fetus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 15 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 16 childbirth childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 19 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 20 pinard pinard NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 21 stethoscope stethoscope NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 23 doppler doppler NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 24 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 25 monitor monitor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 28 doptone doptone NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 31 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 32 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 33 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 238 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 2 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 4 external external JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 6 noninvasive noninvasive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 8 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 9 monitoring monitoring NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 11 EFM EFM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 13 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 14 childbirth childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 16 cardiotocography cardiotocography NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 18 CTG CTG NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 21 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 23 cardiotocograph cardiotocograph NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 24 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 25 consists consist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 27 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 28 sensors sensor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 29 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 30 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 31 heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 33 cardio cardio NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 35 sensor sensor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 36 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 37 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 38 ultrasonic ultrasonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 39 sensor sensor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 41 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 42 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 44 Doppler Doppler NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 45 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 46 monitor monitor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 48 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 49 continuously continuously RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 50 emits emit VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 51 ultrasound ultrasound RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 53 detects detect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 54 motion motion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 57 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 58 heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 59 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 61 characteristic characteristic NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 62 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 64 reflected reflected JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 65 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 239 66 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 2 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 4 sensitive sensitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 5 contraction contraction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 6 transducer transducer NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 8 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 10 tocodynamometer tocodynamometer NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 12 toco toco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 14 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 16 flat flat JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 17 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 20 fixated fixate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 23 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 26 band band NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 27 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 29 belly belly NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 240 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 2 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 3 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 5 flatten flatten VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 7 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 10 wall wall NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 11 correlates correlate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 14 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 15 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 17 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 18 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 20 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 22 contraction contraction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 241 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 242 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 242 2 102 102 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 242 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 242 4 Monitoring monitor VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 242 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 242 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 242 7 cardiotocograph cardiotocograph NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 242 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 242 9 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 242 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 242 11 intermittent intermittent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 242 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 242 13 continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 242 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 2 103 103 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 5 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 6 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 7 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 9 WHO WHO NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 11 advises advise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 14 healthy healthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 15 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 16 undergoing undergo VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 17 spontaneous spontaneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 18 labour labour JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 19 continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 20 cardiotocography cardiotocography NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 23 recommended recommend VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 25 assessment assessment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 27 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 28 well well NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 30 being being NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 243 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 2 WHO WHO NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 3 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 6 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 7 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 9 settings setting NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 10 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 11 continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 12 CTG CTG NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 14 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 15 defensively defensively RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 17 protect protect VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 18 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 19 litigation litigation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 21 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 22 stakeholders stakeholder NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 23 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 24 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 25 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 26 aware aware JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 27 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 28 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 29 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 30 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 31 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 32 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 34 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 36 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 37 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 38 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 39 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 40 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 244 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 3 104 104 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 5 Internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 6 monitoring[edit monitoring[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 9 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 11 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 12 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 14 break break VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 15 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 16 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 18 invasive invasive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 20 monitoring monitoring NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 21 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 23 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 245 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 1 More more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 2 invasive invasive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 3 monitoring monitoring NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 5 involve involve VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 7 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 8 scalp scalp NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 9 electrode electrode NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 11 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 14 measure measure NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 16 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 17 heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 18 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 20 and/or and/or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 21 intrauterine intrauterine VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 22 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 23 catheter catheter NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 25 IUPC IUPC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 246 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 247 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 247 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 247 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 247 4 involve involve VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 247 5 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 247 6 scalp scalp NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 247 7 pH pH NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 247 8 testing testing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 247 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 1 Complications[edit complications[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 3 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 6 neonatal neonatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 7 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 9 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 10 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 11 Disability Disability NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 13 adjusted adjust VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 14 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 15 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 17 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 18 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 19 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 20 100,000 100,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 22 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 24 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 248 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 2 105 105 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 4       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 5 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 6 data data NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 7       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 8 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 9 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 10 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 11       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 12 100–400 100–400 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 13       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 14 400–800 400–800 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 15       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 16 800–1200 800–1200 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 17       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 18 1200–1600 1200–1600 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 19       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 20 1600–2000 1600–2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 21       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 22 2000–2400 2000–2400 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 23       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 24 2400–2800 2400–2800 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 25       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 26 2800–3200 2800–3200 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 27       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 28 3200–3600 3200–3600 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 29       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 30 3600–4000 3600–4000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 31       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 32 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 33 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 34 4000 4000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 35 Disability Disability NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 37 adjusted adjust VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 38 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 39 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 41 perinatal perinatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 42 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 43 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 44 100,000 100,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 45   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 46 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 48 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 249 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 2 105 105 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 4       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 5 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 6 data data NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 7       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 8 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 9 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 10 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 11       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 12 100–400 100–400 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 13       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 14 400–800 400–800 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 15       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 16 800–1200 800–1200 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 17       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 18 1200–1600 1200–1600 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 19       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 20 1600–2000 1600–2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 21       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 22 2000–2400 2000–2400 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 23       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 24 2400–2800 2400–2800 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 25       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 26 2800–3200 2800–3200 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 27       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 28 3200–3600 3200–3600 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 29       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 30 3600–4000 3600–4000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 31       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 32 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 33 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 34 4000 4000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 35 Per per IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 36 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 37 retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 39 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 41 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 42 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 43 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 44 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 45 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 47 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 48 per per NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 49 cent cent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 50 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 51 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 53 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 54 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 55 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 250 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 3 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 5 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 6 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 7 830 830 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 8 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 9 die die VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 10 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 11 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 13 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 14 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 16 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 18 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 21 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 22 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 23 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 24 dies die VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 26 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 28 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 29 encounter encounter NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 30 injuries injury NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 32 infections infection NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 34 disabilities disability NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 251 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 252 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 252 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 252 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 252 4 deaths death NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 252 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 252 6 injuries injury NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 252 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 252 8 preventable preventable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 252 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 2 106][107 106][107 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 7 noting note VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 9 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 10 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 11 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 12 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 13 100,000 100,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 14 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 15 die die VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 17 complications complication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 19 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 21 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 23 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 24 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 25 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 26 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 27 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 28 serious serious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 29 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 30 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 31 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 32 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 33 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 34 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 35 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 36 adverse adverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 37 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 38 consequences consequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 39 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 40 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 43 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 44 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 45 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 47 WHO WHO NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 49 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 50 urged urge VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 51 midwife midwife NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 52 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 53 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 54 strengthen strengthen VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 55 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 56 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 57 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 58 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 59 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 253 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 1 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 2 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 4 upgrading upgrading NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 6 midwifery midwifery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 7 skills skill VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 9 WHO who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 10 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 12 midwife midwife NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 13 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 14 program program NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 16 Action Action NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 18 Safe Safe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 19 Motherhood Motherhood NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 254 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 255 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 255 2 5 5 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 255 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 255 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 255 5 rising rise VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 255 6 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 255 7 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 255 8 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 255 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 255 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 255 11 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 255 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 255 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 255 14 concern concern NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 255 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 256 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 256 2 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 256 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 256 4 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 256 5 ranked rank VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 256 6 12th 12th NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 256 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 256 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 256 9 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 256 10 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 256 11 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 256 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 256 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 256 14 analyzed analyze VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 256 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 3 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 4 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 5 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 7 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 9 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 10 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 12 steadily steadily RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 13 continued continue VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 15 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 16 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 18 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 19 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 20 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 21 spiked spike VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 22 dramatically dramatically RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 257 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 2 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 4 developed developed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 5 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 8 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 9 analyzed analyze VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 11 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 12 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 14 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 15 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 16 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 18 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 19 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 20 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 21 deaths death NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 22 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 23 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 24 100,000 100,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 25 live live JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 26 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 29 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 30 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 31 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 32 risen rise VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 34 26.4 26.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 258 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 259 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 259 2 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 259 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 259 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 259 5 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 259 6 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 259 7 ranks rank VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 259 8 second second RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 259 9 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 259 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 259 11 9.2 9.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 259 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 259 13 Finland Finland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 259 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 259 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 259 16 safest safe JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 259 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 259 18 3.8 3.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 259 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 2 108 108 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 4 Furthermore furthermore RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 7 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 11 700 700 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 13 900 900 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 14 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 15 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 16 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 17 die die VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 18 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 19 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 20 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 21 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 23 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 25 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 26 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 27 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 28 complications complication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 29 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 31 hemorrhage hemorrhage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 33 organ organ NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 34 failure failure NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 36 totaling total VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 37 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 38 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 39 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 40 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 42 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 43 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 260 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 261 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 261 2 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 261 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 261 4 Compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 261 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 261 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 261 7 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 261 8 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 261 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 261 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 261 11 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 261 12 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 261 13 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 261 14 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 261 15 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 261 16 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 261 17 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 261 18 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 261 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 2 Trust Trust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 6 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 7 reports report VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 11 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 13 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 14 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 16 third third NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 18 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 19 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 20 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 21 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 22 complications complication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 23 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 24 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 26 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 27 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 30 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 31 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 32 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 33 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 34 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 35 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 37 obesity obesity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 39 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 40 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 41 diabetes diabetes NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 44 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 45 inactivity inactivity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 262 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 2 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 3 Centers Centers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 5 Disease Disease NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 6 Control Control NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 8 Prevention Prevention NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 10 CDC CDC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 12 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 13 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 15 initiative initiative NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 17 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 18 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 20 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 21 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 23 conception conception NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 25 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 26 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 28 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 29 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 30 neonatal neonatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 32 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 33 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 34 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 263 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 2 110 110 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 4 Labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 6 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 7 complications[edit complications[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 9 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 10 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 12 Obstetric obstetric NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 13 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 14 complication complication NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 15 Obstructed obstruct VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 16 labour[edit labour[edit . en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 18 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 19 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 21 Obstructed obstruct VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 22 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 24 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 25 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 27 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 28 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 29 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 30 delayed delay VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 32 lengthy lengthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 33 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 35 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 36 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 37 uncoordinated uncoordinated JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 38 uterine uterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 39 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 41 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 42 abnormal abnormal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 43 uterine uterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 44 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 45 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 46 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 47 breech breech NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 48 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 49 shoulder shoulder NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 50 dystocia dystocia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 53 cephalopelvic cephalopelvic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 54 disproportion disproportion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 55 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 56 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 57 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 58 pelvis pelvi NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 59 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 60 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 61 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 62 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 264 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 265 1 Prolonged prolonged JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 265 2 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 265 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 265 4 result result VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 265 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 265 6 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 265 7 exhaustion exhaustion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 265 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 265 9 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 265 10 distress distress NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 265 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 265 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 265 13 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 265 14 complications complication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 265 15 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 265 16 obstetric obstetric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 265 17 fistula fistula NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 265 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 2 111 111 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 4 Eclampsia[edit eclampsia[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 9 Eclampsia Eclampsia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 10 Eclampsia Eclampsia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 13 onset onset NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 15 seizures seizure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 17 convulsions convulsion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 21 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 23 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 24 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 25 eclampsia eclampsia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 266 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 1 Pre Pre NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 2 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 3 eclampsia eclampsia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 6 disorder disorder NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 8 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 11 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 13 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 14 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 15 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 17 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 18 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 19 amounts amount NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 21 protein protein NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 24 urine urine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 26 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 27 organ organ NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 28 dysfunction dysfunction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 267 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 268 1 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 268 2 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 268 3 eclampsia eclampsia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 268 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 268 5 routinely routinely RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 268 6 screened screen VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 268 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 268 8 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 268 9 prenatal prenatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 268 10 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 268 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 269 1 Onset onset NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 269 2 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 269 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 269 4 before before RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 269 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 269 6 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 269 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 269 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 269 9 rarely rarely RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 269 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 269 11 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 269 12 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 269 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 270 1 Around around IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 270 2 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 270 3 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 270 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 270 5 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 270 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 270 7 eclampsia eclampsia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 270 8 die die NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 270 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 1 Maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 2 complications[edit complications[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 4 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 5 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 7 Puerperal puerperal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 8 disorder disorder NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 10 puerperal puerperal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 11 disorder disorder NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 13 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 14 disorder disorder NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 17 complication complication NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 19 presents present VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 20 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 21 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 23 puerperium puerperium NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 26 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 27 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 271 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 2 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 3 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 6 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 7 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 8 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 9 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 10 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 13 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 15 acute acute JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 16 phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 18 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 20 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 21 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 22 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 23 childbirth childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 25 subacute subacute VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 26 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 27 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 30 lasts last VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 31 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 33 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 34 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 38 delayed delay VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 39 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 40 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 42 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 43 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 44 last last VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 45 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 46 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 47 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 48 months month NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 272 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 3 subacute subacute NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 4 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 5 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 7 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 8 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 10 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 11 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 13 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 14 report report VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 15 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 16 least least RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 17 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 18 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 19 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 273 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 2 112][113 112][113 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 4 Long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 5 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 6 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 7 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 9 persisting persist VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 10 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 12 delayed delay VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 13 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 14 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 17 reported report VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 19 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 20 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 22 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 274 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 2 114 114 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 4 Postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 5 bleeding[edit bleeding[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 10 Postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 11 bleeding bleed VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 12 Postpartum Postpartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 13 bleeding bleeding NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 16 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 17 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 19 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 21 birthing birth VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 22 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 25 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 27 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 30 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 31 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 275 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 276 1 Globally globally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 276 2 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 276 3 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 276 4 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 276 5 8.7 8.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 276 6 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 276 7 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 276 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 276 9 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 276 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 276 11 44,000 44,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 276 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 276 13 86,000 86,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 276 14 deaths death NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 276 15 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 276 16 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 276 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 1 Uterine uterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 2 atony atony NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 5 inability inability NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 8 uterus uterus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 10 contract contract VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 14 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 15 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 16 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 18 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 19 bleeding bleeding NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 277 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 1 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 2 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 5 placenta placenta NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 8 uterus uterus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 10 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 13 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 14 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 16 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 17 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 18 vessels vessel NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 20 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 22 constricted constrict VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 24 avoid avoid VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 25 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 26 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 278 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 279 1 Retained retain VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 279 2 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 279 3 tissue tissue NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 279 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 279 5 infection infection NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 279 6 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 279 7 contribute contribute VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 279 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 279 9 uterine uterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 279 10 atony atony NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 279 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 1 Heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 2 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 3 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 4 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 6 hypovolemic hypovolemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 7 shock shock NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 9 insufficient insufficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 10 perfusion perfusion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 12 vital vital JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 13 organs organ NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 15 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 16 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 18 rapidly rapidly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 19 treated treat VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 280 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 1 Postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 2 infections[edit infections[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 4 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 5 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 7 Postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 8 infections infection NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 9 Postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 10 infections infection NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 13 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 15 childbed childbed NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 16 fever fever NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 18 puerperal puerperal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 19 fever fever NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 22 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 23 bacterial bacterial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 24 infections infection NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 27 reproductive reproductive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 28 tract tract NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 29 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 30 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 32 miscarriage miscarriage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 281 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 1 Signs sign NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 3 symptoms symptom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 4 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 5 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 7 fever fever NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 8 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 9 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 10 38.0 38.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 12 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 13 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 15 100.4 100.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 16   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 17 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 18 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 21 chills chills NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 23 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 24 abdominal abdominal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 25 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 28 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 29 bad bad RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 31 smelling smell VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 32 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 33 discharge discharge NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 282 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 283 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 283 2 infection infection NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 283 3 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 283 4 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 283 5 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 283 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 283 7 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 283 8 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 283 9 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 283 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 283 11 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 283 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 283 13 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 283 14 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 283 15 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 283 16 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 283 17 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 283 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 284 1 Infection infection NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 284 2 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 284 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 284 4 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 284 5 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 284 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 284 7 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 284 8 deaths death NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 284 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 284 10 morbidity morbidity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 284 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 284 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 284 13 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 284 14 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 284 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 2 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 4 Ignaz Ignaz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 5 Semmelweis Semmelweis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 7 seminal seminal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 10 pathophysiology pathophysiology NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 12 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 14 childbed childbed NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 15 fever fever NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 17 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 18 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 19 saved save VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 20 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 21 lives life NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 285 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 1 Psychological psychological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 2 complications[edit complications[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 4 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 5 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 7 Psychiatric psychiatric JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 8 disorders disorder NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 10 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 12 Postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 13 psychosis psychosis NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 15 Postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 16 depression depression NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 18 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 20 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 21 posttraumatic posttraumatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 22 stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 23 disorder disorder NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 26 Maternity Maternity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 27 blues blue NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 28 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 29 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 30 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 31 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 32 intense intense JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 33 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 35 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 36 emotions emotion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 38 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 39 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 41 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 43 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 44 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 45 brought bring VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 46 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 48 surface surface NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 286 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 287 1 Abnormal abnormal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 287 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 287 3 persistent persistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 287 4 fear fear NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 287 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 287 6 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 287 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 287 8 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 287 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 287 10 tokophobia tokophobia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 287 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 2 prevalence prevalence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 4 fear fear NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 6 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 7 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 9 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 10 ranges range VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 11 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 12 4–25 4–25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 13 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 16 3–7 3–7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 17 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 19 pregnant pregnant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 20 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 21 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 22 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 23 fear fear NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 25 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 288 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 289 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 289 2 115][116 115][116 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 289 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 289 4 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 289 5 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 289 6 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 289 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 289 8 experience experience VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 289 9 mild mild JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 289 10 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 289 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 289 12 unhappiness unhappiness NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 289 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 289 14 worry worry VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 289 15 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 289 16 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 289 17 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 289 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 1 Babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 2 require require VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 4 lot lot NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 6 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 8 so so CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 11 normal normal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 13 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 16 worried worry VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 17 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 20 tired tire VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 23 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 24 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 25 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 290 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 291 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 291 2 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 291 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 291 4 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 291 5 termed term VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 291 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 291 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 291 8 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 291 9 blues blue NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 291 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 291 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 291 12 affect affect VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 291 13 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 291 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 291 15 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 291 16 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 291 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 291 18 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 291 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 292 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 292 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 292 3 somewhat somewhat RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 292 4 mild mild JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 292 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 292 6 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 292 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 292 8 week week NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 292 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 292 10 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 292 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 292 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 292 13 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 292 14 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 292 15 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 292 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 292 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 292 18 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 292 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 293 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 293 2 117 117 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 293 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 293 4 Postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 293 5 depression depression NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 293 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 293 7 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 293 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 293 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 293 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 293 11 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 293 12 blues blue NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 293 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 293 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 2 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 3 depression depression NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 5 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 7 sadness sadness NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 9 anxiety anxiety NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 10 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 12 extreme extreme JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 14 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 15 interfere interfere VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 18 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 20 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 22 care care VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 24 herself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 26 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 27 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 294 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 295 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 295 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 295 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 295 4 severity severity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 295 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 295 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 295 7 symptoms symptom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 295 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 295 9 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 295 10 depression depression NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 295 11 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 295 12 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 295 13 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 295 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 2 condition condition NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 4 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 5 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 7 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 8 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 9 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 11 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 14 begin begin VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 15 shortly shortly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 16 before before RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 18 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 19 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 20 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 21 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 24 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 25 begins begin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 26 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 28 week week NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 31 month month NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 32 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 33 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 296 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 2 117 117 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 4 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 6 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 7 posttraumatic posttraumatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 8 stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 9 disorder disorder NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 12 psychological psychological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 13 disorder disorder NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 15 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 16 develop develop VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 18 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 19 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 20 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 21 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 22 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 23 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 297 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 2 118][119][120 118][119][120 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 4 Causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 5 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 6 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 10 emergency emergency NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 11 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 13 section section NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 15 preterm preterm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 16 labour labour NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 18 inadequate inadequate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 19 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 20 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 21 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 23 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 25 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 26 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 27 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 28 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 31 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 298 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 1 Examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 3 symptoms symptom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 4 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 5 intrusive intrusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 6 symptoms symptom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 8 flashbacks flashback NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 10 nightmares nightmare NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 12 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 13 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 15 symptoms symptom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 17 avoidance avoidance NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 19 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 20 amnesia amnesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 23 whole whole JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 25 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 28 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 31 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 33 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 35 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 37 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 38 attachment attachment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 41 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 42 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 44 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 45 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 46 experienced experience VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 48 posttraumatic posttraumatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 49 stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 50 disorder disorder NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 51 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 52 PTSD ptsd RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 299 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 300 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 300 2 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 300 3 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 300 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 300 5 experiencing experience VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 300 6 symptoms symptom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 300 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 300 8 PTSD ptsd RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 300 9 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 300 10 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 300 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 300 12 misdiagnosed misdiagnose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 300 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 300 14 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 300 15 depression depression NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 300 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 300 17 adjustment adjustment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 300 18 disorders disorder NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 300 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 301 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 301 2 diagnoses diagnosis NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 301 3 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 301 4 lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 301 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 301 6 inadequate inadequate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 301 7 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 301 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 2 121 121 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 4 Postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 5 psychosis psychosis NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 8 rare rare JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 9 psychiatric psychiatric JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 10 emergency emergency NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 13 symptoms symptom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 15 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 16 mood mood NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 18 racing racing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 19 thoughts thought NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 21 mania mania NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 24 depression depression NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 26 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 27 confusion confusion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 29 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 31 inhibition inhibition NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 33 paranoia paranoia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 35 hallucinations hallucination NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 37 delusions delusion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 38 set set VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 39 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 41 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 42 suddenly suddenly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 45 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 46 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 47 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 48 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 49 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 302 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 303 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 303 2 symptoms symptom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 303 3 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 303 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 303 5 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 303 6 change change VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 303 7 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 303 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 304 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 304 2 122 122 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 304 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 304 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 304 5 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 304 6 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 304 7 hospitalization hospitalization NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 304 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 2 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 3 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 4 symptoms symptom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 5 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 7 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 9 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 10 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 13 recovery recovery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 14 takes take VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 15 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 16 months month NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 19 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 305 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 306 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 306 2 122 122 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 306 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 306 4 Fetal Fetal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 306 5 complications[edit complications[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 306 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 306 7 Mechanical mechanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 306 8 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 306 9 injury injury NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 306 10 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 306 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 306 12 caused cause VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 306 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 306 14 improper improper JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 306 15 rotation rotation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 306 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 306 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 306 18 fetus fetus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 306 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 307 1 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 307 2 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 307 3 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 307 4 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3038 307 5 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 307 6 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 307 7 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 307 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 307 9 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 307 10 deaths death NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 307 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 2 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 3 prematurity prematurity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 5 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 7 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 9 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 11 infections infection NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 13 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 15 oxygen oxygen NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 17 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 20 trauma trauma NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 21 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 22 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 308 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 4 Stillbirth[edit stillbirth[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 9 Stillbirth Stillbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 10 Stillbirth Stillbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 12 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 13 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 15 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 16 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 19 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 20 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 22 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 23 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 25 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 309 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 310 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 310 2 123][124 123][124 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 310 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 310 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 310 5 results result VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 310 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 310 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 310 8 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 310 9 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 310 10 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 310 11 signs sign NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 310 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 310 13 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 310 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 311 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 311 2 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 311 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 311 4 Worldwide Worldwide NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 311 5 prevention prevention NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 311 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 311 7 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 311 8 stillbirths stillbirth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 311 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 311 10 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 311 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 311 12 improved improved JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 311 13 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 311 14 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 311 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 2 124][125 124][125 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 4 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 5 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 7 stillbirths stillbirth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 8 occur occur VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 9 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 10 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 13 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 14 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 15 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 16 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 19 developing developing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 20 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 21 developed developed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 22 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 312 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 2 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 4 Otherwise otherwise RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 5 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 7 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 8 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 9 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 11 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 14 medications medication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 17 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 19 start start VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 20 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 23 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 25 surgery surgery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 26 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 28 dilation dilation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 30 evacuation evacuation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 31 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 32 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 33 carried carry VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 34 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3038 313 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 2 126 126 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 4 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 6 stillbirth stillbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 8 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 11 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 12 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 14 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 15 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 17 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 19 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 20 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 21 pregnancies pregnancy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 22 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 24 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 25 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 26 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 314 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 2 127 127 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 4 Worldwide Worldwide NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 7 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 9 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 10 2.6 2.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 11 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 12 stillbirths stillbirth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 14 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 15 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 16 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 17 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 19 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 21 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 22 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 24 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 25 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 26 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 315 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 2 124][128 124][128 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 5 occur occur VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 6 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 7 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 10 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 11 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 13 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 14 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 15 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 17 Sub Sub NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 19 Saharan Saharan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 20 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 316 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 317 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 317 2 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 317 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 317 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 317 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 317 6 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 317 7 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 317 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 317 9 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 317 10 167 167 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 317 11 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 317 12 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 317 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 317 14 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 317 15 stillbirth stillbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 317 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 318 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 318 2 128 128 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 318 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 318 4 Stillbirth Stillbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 318 5 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 318 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 318 7 declined decline VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 318 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 318 9 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 318 10 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 318 11 slowly slowly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 318 12 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 318 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 318 14 2000s 2000s CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 318 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 2 129 129 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 4 Preterm Preterm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 5 birth[edit birth[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 10 Preterm Preterm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 11 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 12 Preterm Preterm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 13 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 16 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 19 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 20 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 21 fewer few JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 22 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 23 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 24 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 25 gestational gestational JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 26 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 319 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 320 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 320 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 320 3 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 320 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 320 5 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 320 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 320 7 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 320 8 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 320 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 320 10 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 320 11 prematurely prematurely RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 320 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 1 Premature premature JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 2 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 5 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 6 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 8 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 10 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 11 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 12 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 13 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 15 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 16 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 17 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 19 survive survive VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 20 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 21 disabilities disability NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 22 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 23 learning learn VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 24 defects defect NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 26 visual visual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 28 hearing hearing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 29 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 321 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 1 Causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 3 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 4 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 5 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 7 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 9 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 11 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 13 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 14 chronic chronic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 15 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 16 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 18 diabetes diabetes NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 20 infections infection NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 23 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 24 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 25 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 322 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 2 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 3 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 4 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 6 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 7 guidelines guideline NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 9 recommendations recommendation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 11 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 13 chances chance NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 15 survival survival NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 17 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 18 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 20 preterm preterm JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 21 infants infant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 323 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 2 130 130 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 4 Neonatal neonatal NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 5 infection[edit infection[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 10 Neonatal neonatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 11 infection infection NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 12 Disability Disability NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 14 adjusted adjust VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 15 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 16 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 18 neonatal neonatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 19 infections infection NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 23 perinatal perinatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 25 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 26 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 27 100,000 100,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 28   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 29 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 31 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 324 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 1 Excludes exclude VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 2 prematurity prematurity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 4 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 5 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 6 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 8 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 9 asphyxia asphyxia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 11 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 12 trauma trauma NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 14 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 16 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 17 maps map NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 18 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 19 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 325 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 2 131 131 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 4       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 5 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 6 data data NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 7       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 8 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 9 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 10 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 11       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 12 150–300 150–300 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 13       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 14 300–450 300–450 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 15       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 16 450–600 450–600 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 17       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 18 600–750 600–750 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 19       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 20 750–900 750–900 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 21       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 22 900–1050 900–1050 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 23       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 24 1050–1200 1050–1200 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 25       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 26 1200–1350 1200–1350 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 27       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 28 1350–1500 1350–1500 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 29       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 30 1500–1850 1500–1850 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 31       _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 32 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 33 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 34 1850 1850 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 35 Newborns Newborns NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 36 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 37 prone prone JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 39 infection infection NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 42 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 43 month month NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 45 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 326 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 2 organism organism NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 3 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 4 agalactiae agalactiae NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 6 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 7 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 8 Streptococcus Streptococcus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 12 GBS GBS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 15 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 16 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 18 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 20 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 21 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 22 fatal fatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 23 infections infection NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 327 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 328 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 328 2 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 328 3 contracts contract VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 328 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 328 5 infection infection NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 328 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 328 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 328 8 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 328 9 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 328 10 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 328 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 2 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 5 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 7 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 10 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 11 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 12 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 13 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 14 GBS GBS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 15 bacterial bacterial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 16 infections infection NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 17 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 19 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 20 week week NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 22 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 24 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 25 evident evident JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 27 respiratory respiratory JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 28 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 30 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 31 sepsis sepsis NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 34 meningitis meningitis NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 329 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 2 132 132 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 4 Untreated untreated JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 5 sexually sexually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 6 transmitted transmit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 7 infections infection NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 9 STIs sti NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 12 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 14 congenital congenital JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 16 infections infection NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 18 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 19 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 21 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 24 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 25 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 26 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 28 infection infection NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 29 remain remain VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 30 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 330 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 331 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 331 2 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 331 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 331 4 STIs sti NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 331 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 331 6 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 331 7 symptoms symptom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 331 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 331 9 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 331 10 mild mild JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 331 11 symptoms symptom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 331 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 331 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 331 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 331 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 331 16 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 331 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 1 Mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 2 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 3 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 5 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 6 infections infection NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 9 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 12 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 14 overall overall JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 15 perinatal perinatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 16 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 17 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 18 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 20 untreated untreated JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 21 syphilis syphili NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 23 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 24 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 332 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 2 133 133 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 4 Perinatal Perinatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 5 asphyxia[edit asphyxia[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 10 Perinatal perinatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 11 asphyxia asphyxia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 12 Perinatal Perinatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 13 asphyxia asphyxia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 16 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 17 condition condition NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 18 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 20 deprivation deprivation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 22 oxygen oxygen NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 25 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 26 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 27 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 28 lasts last VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 29 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 30 enough enough RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 31 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 33 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 34 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 36 cause cause VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 37 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 38 harm harm NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 40 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 41 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 43 brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 333 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 1 Hypoxic hypoxic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 2 damage damage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 3 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 4 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 6 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 9 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 11 organs organ NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 13 heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 15 lungs lung NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 17 liver liver NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 19 gut gut NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 21 kidneys kidneys NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 24 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 25 brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 26 damage damage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 27 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 29 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 30 concern concern NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 32 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 34 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 35 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 37 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 38 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 39 completely completely RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 40 heal heal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 334 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 2 134 134 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 4 Mechanical mechanical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 5 fetal fetal NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 6 injury[edit injury[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 8 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 9 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 11 Birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 12 trauma trauma NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 14 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 16 Risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 17 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 19 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 20 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 21 injury injury NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 22 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 23 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 24 macrosomia macrosomia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 26 big big JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 27 baby baby NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 30 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 31 obesity obesity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 34 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 35 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 36 instrumental instrumental JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 37 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 40 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 41 inexperienced inexperienced JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 42 attendant attendant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 335 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 336 1 Specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 336 2 situations situation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 336 3 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 336 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 336 5 contribute contribute VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 336 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 336 7 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 336 8 injury injury NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 336 9 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 336 10 breech breech NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 336 11 presentation presentation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 336 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 336 13 shoulder shoulder NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 336 14 dystocia dystocia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 336 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 2 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 3 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 4 injuries injury NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 5 resolve resolve VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 6 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 7 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 8 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 9 harm harm NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 12 brachial brachial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 13 plexus plexus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 14 injury injury NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 16 lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 18 Erb Erb NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 20 palsy palsy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 22 Klumpke Klumpke NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 23 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 24 paralysis paralysis NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 337 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 2 135 135 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 4 History[edit History[edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 6 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 9 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 10 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 11 § § ADD en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 13 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 16 Men Men NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 18 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 20 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 21 § § ADD en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 23 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 24 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 25 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 27 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 29 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 30 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 31 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 32 evolved evolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 33 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 34 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 36 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 338 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 339 1 Role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 339 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 339 3 males[edit males[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 339 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 339 5 Historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 339 6 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 339 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 339 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 339 9 attended attend VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 339 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 339 11 supported support VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 339 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 339 13 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 339 14 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 339 15 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 339 16 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 339 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 339 18 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 339 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 1 Midwife midwife NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 2 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 4 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 5 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 6 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 9 1400s 1400 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 12 rural rural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 13 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 15 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 16 assisted assist VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 18 female female JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 19 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 21 friends friend NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 340 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 2 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 8 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 9 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 11 ladies lady NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 12 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 13 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 14 bonding bonding NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 15 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 17 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 18 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 19 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 20 portrayed portray VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 22 fear fear NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 24 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 25 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 26 filled fill VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 28 atmosphere atmosphere NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 31 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 32 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 33 childbirth childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 34 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 36 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 37 occurrence occurrence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 341 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 2 137 137 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 6 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 7 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 9 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 11 1950s 1950 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 13 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 14 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 19 birthing birthing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 20 room room NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 342 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 2 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 4 matter matter VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 5 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 9 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 10 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 13 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 15 waiting wait VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 16 downstairs downstairs RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 19 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 20 room room NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 23 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 343 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 344 1 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 344 2 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 344 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 344 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 344 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 344 6 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 344 7 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 344 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 344 9 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 344 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 344 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 344 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 344 13 waiting waiting NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 344 14 room room NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 344 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 2 138 138 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 4 Fathers father NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 6 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 7 permitted permit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 10 room room NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 11 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 13 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 16 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 18 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 20 severely severely RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 23 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 345 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 2 1522 1522 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 5 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 6 physician physician NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 8 sentenced sentence VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 10 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 12 sneaking sneak VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 13 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 15 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 16 room room NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 17 dressed dress VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 20 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 346 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 2 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 4 Ironically ironically RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 7 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 9 guidebooks guidebook NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 10 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 12 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 14 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 16 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 18 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 19 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 20 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 21 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 22 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 23 involved involve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 26 birthing birthing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 27 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 347 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 2 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 3 physician physician NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 5 Soranus Soranus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 7 Ephesus Ephesus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 9 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 11 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 12 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 13 obstetrics obstetric NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 15 gynecology gynecology NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 18 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 19 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 23 referenced reference VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 26 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 27 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 28 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 348 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 2 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 3 contained contain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 4 endless endless JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 5 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 6 remedies remedy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 8 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 10 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 12 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 15 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 17 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 18 heinous heinous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 20 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 21 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 23 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 24 professionals professional NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 349 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 2 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 4 Both both CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 5 preterm preterm JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 7 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 8 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 9 infants infant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 10 benefit benefit VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 12 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 14 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 15 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 17 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 18 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 19 Kangaroo Kangaroo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 20 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 22 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 23 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 24 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 28 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 29 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 30 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 32 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 350 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 351 1 Recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 351 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 351 3 fathers father NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 351 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 351 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 351 6 begun begin VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 351 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 351 8 hold hold VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 351 9 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 351 10 newborns newborn NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 351 11 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 351 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 351 13 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 351 14 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 351 15 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 351 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 2 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 3 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 5 familiar familiar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 8 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 10 voice voice NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 14 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 16 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 19 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 20 helps help VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 22 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 24 stabilize stabilize VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 26 promotes promote VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 27 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 29 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 30 bonding bonding NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 352 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 1 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 3 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 5 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 8 caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 9 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 12 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 13 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 14 hold hold VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 16 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 18 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 22 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 23 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 24 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 26 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 27 recovers recover NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 30 anesthetic anesthetic NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 353 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 354 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 354 2 139 139 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 354 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 354 4 Hospitals[edit Hospitals[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 354 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 354 6 Historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 354 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 354 8 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 354 9 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 354 10 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 354 11 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 354 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 354 13 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 354 14 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 354 15 emergency emergency NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 354 16 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 354 17 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 354 18 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 354 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 3 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 4 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 6 hospitalization hospitalization NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 8 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 11 17th 17th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 14 maternity maternity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 15 ward ward NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 17 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 19 incredibly incredibly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 20 congested congest VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 23 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 25 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 26 pregnant pregnant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 27 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 28 sharing share VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 29 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 30 bed bed NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 355 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 356 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 356 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 356 3 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 356 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 356 5 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 356 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 356 7 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 356 8 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 356 9 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 356 10 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 356 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 356 12 birthing birthing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 356 13 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 356 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 2 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 4 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 6 onset onset NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 9 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 10 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 12 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 13 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 15 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 16 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 17 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 18 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 19 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 21 congested congested JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 22 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 23 spaces space NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 25 dirty dirty JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 26 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 27 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 357 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 1 That that DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 2 drove drive VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 3 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 5 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 7 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 8 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 10 newly newly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 12 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 13 hospitals hospital NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 15 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 16 wealthy wealthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 18 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 20 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 21 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 22 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 24 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 26 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 358 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 2 140 140 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 4 Consequently consequently RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 6 wealthier wealthy JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 7 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 8 experienced experience VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 9 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 10 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 11 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 12 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 13 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 14 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 17 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 18 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 19 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 359 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 2 141 141 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 4 Throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 6 1900s 1900s CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 7 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 10 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 11 availability availability NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 13 hospitals hospital NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 16 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 17 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 18 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 19 going go VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 20 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 22 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 24 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 26 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 360 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 361 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 361 2 142 142 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 361 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 361 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 361 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 361 6 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 361 7 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 361 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 361 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 361 10 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 361 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 361 12 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 361 13 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 361 14 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 361 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 361 16 hospitals hospital NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 361 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 361 18 1900 1900 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 361 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 2 1930 1930 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 4 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 5 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 7 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 8 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 10 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 11 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 13 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 15 dwelling dwell VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 16 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 17 delivered deliver VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 19 hospitals hospital NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 362 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 363 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 363 2 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 363 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 363 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 363 5 1960 1960 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 363 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 363 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 363 8 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 363 9 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 363 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 363 11 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 363 12 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 363 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 364 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 364 2 137 137 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 364 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 364 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 364 5 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 364 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 364 7 1970s 1970 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 364 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 364 9 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 364 10 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 364 11 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 364 12 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 364 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 364 14 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 364 15 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 364 16 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 364 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 2 143 143 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 6 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 7 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 10 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 11 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 13 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 14 receptive receptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 17 medicalization medicalization NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 19 childbirth childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 22 promised promise VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 24 safer safe JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 26 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 27 painful painful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 28 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 365 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 366 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 366 2 142 142 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 366 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 366 4 Accompanied accompany VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 366 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 366 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 366 7 shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 366 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 366 9 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 366 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 366 11 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 366 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 366 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 366 14 shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 366 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 366 16 midwife midwife NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 366 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 366 18 physician physician NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 366 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 367 1 Male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 367 2 physicians physician NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 367 3 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 367 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 367 5 replace replace VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 367 6 female female JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 367 7 midwives midwife NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 367 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 367 9 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 367 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 367 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 367 12 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 367 13 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 367 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 367 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 367 16 1700s 1700s CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 367 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 2 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 4 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 6 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 9 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 10 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 12 accompanied accompany VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 15 drop drop NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 17 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 19 midwives midwife NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 368 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 3 1800s 1800 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 5 affluent affluent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 6 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 8 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 9 calling call VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 10 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 11 doctors doctor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 13 assist assist VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 16 deliveries delivery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 19 female female JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 20 midwives midwife NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 22 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 25 resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 27 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 28 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 29 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 30 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 31 afford afford VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 32 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 33 care care VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 369 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 1 That that DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 2 completely completely RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 3 removed remove VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 4 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 6 assisting assist VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 8 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 11 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 12 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 14 eligible eligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 16 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 17 doctors doctor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 20 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 370 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 1 Additionally additionally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 4 privatized privatize VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 6 birthing birthing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 7 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 9 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 10 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 12 friends friend NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 14 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 15 banned ban VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 18 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 19 room room NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 371 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 372 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 372 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 372 3 opposition opposition NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 372 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 372 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 372 6 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 372 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 372 8 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 372 9 progressive progressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 372 10 feminists feminist NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 372 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 372 12 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 372 13 conservatives conservative NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 372 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 373 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 373 2 feminists feminist NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 373 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 373 4 concerned concern VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 373 5 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 373 6 job job NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 373 7 security security NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 373 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 373 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 373 10 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 373 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 373 12 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 373 13 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 373 14 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 373 15 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 373 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 373 17 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 373 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 2 conservatives conservative NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 3 argued argue VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 7 immoral immoral JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 10 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 13 exposed expose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 15 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 17 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 19 front front NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 22 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 374 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 2 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 3 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 5 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 6 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 7 obstetricians obstetrician NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 8 performed perform VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 9 deliveries delivery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 11 dark dark JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 12 rooms room NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 16 patient patient NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 17 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 18 covered cover VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 21 drape drape NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 375 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 376 1 Medication[edit medication[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 376 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 376 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 376 4 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 376 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 376 6 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 376 7 medication medication NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 376 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 376 9 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 376 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 376 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 376 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 376 13 controversial controversial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 376 14 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 376 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 376 16 hundreds hundred NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 376 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 376 18 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 376 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 2 Scottish scottish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 3 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 5 burned burn VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 8 stake stake NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 10 1591 1591 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 12 requesting request VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 13 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 14 relief relief NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 17 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 19 twins twin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 377 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 378 1 Medication medication NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 378 2 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 378 3 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 378 4 acceptable acceptable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 378 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 378 6 1852 1852 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 378 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 378 8 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 378 9 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 378 10 Victoria Victoria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 378 11 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 378 12 chloroform chloroform NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 378 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 378 14 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 378 15 relief relief NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 378 16 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 378 17 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 378 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 2 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 4 morphine morphine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 6 scopolamine scopolamine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 9 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 12 twilight twilight JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 13 sleep sleep NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 17 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 18 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 20 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 22 popularized popularize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 24 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 25 physicians physician NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 26 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 27 Kronig Kronig NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 29 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 30 Gauss Gauss NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 379 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 380 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 380 2 concoction concoction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 380 3 offered offer VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 380 4 minor minor JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 380 5 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 380 6 relief relief NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 380 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 380 8 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 380 9 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 380 10 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 380 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 380 12 completely completely RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 380 13 forget forget VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 380 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 380 15 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 380 16 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 380 17 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 380 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 381 1 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 381 2 twilight twilight NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 381 3 sleep sleep NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 381 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 381 5 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 381 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 381 7 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 381 8 blindfolded blindfold VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 381 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 381 10 restrained restrain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 381 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 381 12 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 381 13 experienced experience VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 381 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 381 15 immense immense JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 381 16 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 381 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 381 18 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 381 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 382 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 382 2 cocktail cocktail NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 382 3 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 382 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 382 5 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 382 6 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 382 7 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 382 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 382 9 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 382 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 382 11 decreased decrease VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 382 12 uterine uterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 382 13 contractions contraction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 382 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 382 15 altered alter VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 382 16 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 382 17 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 382 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 383 1 Additionally additionally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 383 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 383 3 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 383 4 delivered deliver VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 383 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 383 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 383 7 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 383 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 383 9 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 383 10 drugs drug NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 383 11 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 383 12 experienced experience VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 383 13 temporarily temporarily RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 383 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 383 15 ceased cease VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 383 16 breathing breathing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 383 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 2 feminist feminist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 3 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 6 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 7 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 8 openly openly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 10 actively actively RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 11 supported support VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 13 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 15 twilight twilight NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 16 sleep sleep NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 20 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 23 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 25 1914 1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 384 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 2 physicians physician NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 4 many many DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 6 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 9 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 10 painkillers painkiller NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 13 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 14 fifty fifty CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 15 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 17 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 18 opium opium NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 20 cocaine cocaine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 23 quinine quinine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 25 embraced embrace VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 27 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 28 drug drug NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 385 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 386 1 Others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 386 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 386 3 rightfully rightfully RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 386 4 hesitant hesitant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 386 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 2 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 4 Caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 5 sections[edit sections[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 7 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 8 forceps forceps NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 9 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 10 gone go VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 11 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 12 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 14 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 15 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 17 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 18 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 20 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 21 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 23 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 24 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 25 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 27 deliveries delivery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 387 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 388 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 388 2 caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 388 3 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 388 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 388 5 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 388 6 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 388 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 388 8 section section NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 388 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 388 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 388 11 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 388 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 388 13 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 388 14 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 388 15 solution solution NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 388 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 388 17 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 388 18 deliveries delivery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 388 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 389 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 389 2 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 389 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 389 4 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 389 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 389 6 third third NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 389 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 389 8 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 389 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 389 10 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 389 11 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 389 12 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 389 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 389 14 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 389 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 1 Historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 3 surgical surgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 4 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 7 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 9 resort resort NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 10 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 12 extracting extract VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 14 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 16 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 17 deceased deceased JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 19 dying die VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 20 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 390 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 3 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 4 conflicting conflicting JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 5 stories story NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 8 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 9 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 10 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 12 section section NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 15 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 16 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 18 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 19 survived survive VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 391 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 4 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 6 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 9 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 12 attempted attempt VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 14 hundreds hundred NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 16 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 17 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 19 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 20 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 23 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 26 twentieth twentieth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 27 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 392 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 2 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 4 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 5 childbirth[edit childbirth[edit VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 10 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 11 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 13 re re NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 14 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 15 emergence emergence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 18 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 19 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 21 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 23 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 26 adopted adopt VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 28 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 31 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 32 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 33 early early RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 36 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 37 1940s 1940 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 393 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 1 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 2 supporters supporter NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 3 believed believe VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 6 drugs drug NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 7 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 8 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 9 deliveries delivery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 10 interfered interfere VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 13 happy happy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 14 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 17 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 18 negatively negatively RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 19 impact impact VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 21 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 22 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 24 emotional emotional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 25 wellbeing wellbeing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 394 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 3 1970s 1970 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 6 call call NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 8 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 9 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 11 spread spread VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 12 nationwide nationwide RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 15 conjunction conjunction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 18 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 20 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 23 feminist feminist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 24 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 395 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 2 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 4 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 7 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 8 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 9 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 11 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 12 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 14 deliver deliver VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 17 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 19 supporters supporter NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 21 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 22 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 23 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 24 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 25 exist exist VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 27 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 30 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 31 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 32 midwife midwife NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 34 assisted assist VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 35 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 36 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 37 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 38 gained gain VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 39 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 41 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 42 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 396 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 2 143 143 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 4 Maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 5 mortality[edit mortality[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 10 Maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 11 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 12 810 810 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 13 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 14 die die VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 15 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 16 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 18 preventable preventable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 19 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 20 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 22 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 24 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 26 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 27 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 28 occur occur VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 30 low low NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 32 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 33 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 35 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 36 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 397 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 1 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 2 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 5 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 6 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 7 1915 1915 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 10 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 13 moving move VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 14 forward forward RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 17 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 18 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 19 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 20 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 21 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 22 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 23 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 24 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 26 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 28 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 29 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 30 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 398 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 399 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 399 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 399 3 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 399 4 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 399 5 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 399 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 399 7 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 399 8 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 399 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 399 10 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 399 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 399 12 1880 1880 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 399 13 onward onward RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 399 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 400 1 Outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 400 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 400 3 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 400 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 400 5 childbirth childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 400 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 400 7 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 400 8 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 400 9 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 400 10 1930 1930 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 400 11 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 400 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 400 13 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 400 14 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 400 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 400 16 puerperal puerperal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 400 17 fever fever NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 400 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 2 141 141 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 4 Until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 5 germ germ NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 6 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 8 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 11 mid-1800s mid-1800 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 15 assumed assume VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 17 puerperal puerperal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 18 fever fever NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 20 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 21 caused cause VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 24 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 26 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 28 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 30 leakage leakage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 32 breast breast NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 33 milk milk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 34 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 36 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 38 anxiety anxiety NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 40 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 41 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 42 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 44 pathogen pathogen NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 45 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 46 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 47 transmitted transmit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 48 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 50 dirty dirty JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 51 hands hand NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 53 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 55 doctors doctor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 401 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 402 1 That that DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 402 2 misconception misconception NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 402 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 402 4 likely likely RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 402 5 responsible responsible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 402 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 402 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 402 8 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 402 9 prevalence prevalence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 402 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 402 11 puerperal puerperal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 402 12 fever fever NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 402 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 2 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 5 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 6 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 7 facilitated facilitate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 9 trained train VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 10 midwives midwife NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 11 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 13 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 14 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 16 1880 1880 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 18 1930 1930 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 21 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 23 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 25 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 26 physician physician NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 28 facilitated facilitate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 29 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 30 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 31 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 33 worst bad JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 403 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 2 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 4 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 6 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 7 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 10 attributed attribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 13 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 14 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 16 sulfonamides sulfonamide NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 18 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 21 progression progression NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 23 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 24 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 26 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 27 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 28 physician physician NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 29 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 32 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 33 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 34 interference interference NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 35 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 36 normal normal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 37 deliveries delivery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 404 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 2 141 141 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 4 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 6 culture[edit culture[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 8 Medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 9 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 11 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 12 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 13 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 15 enjoying enjoy VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 16 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 17 lying lying NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 19 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 21 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 22 confinement confinement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 405 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 406 1 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 406 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 406 3 14th 14th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 406 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 406 5 Costs[edit costs[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 406 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 406 7 Cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 406 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 406 9 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 406 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 406 11 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 406 12 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 406 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 406 14 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 406 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 2 144 144 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 7 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 8 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 9 performed perform VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 10 commissioned commission VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 13 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 14 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 15 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 17 performed perform VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 19 Truven Truven NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 20 Healthcare Healthcare NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 21 Analytics Analytics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 24 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 26 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 27 varies vary VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 28 dramatically dramatically RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 30 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 407 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 3 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 4 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 6 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 7 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 8 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 9 paid pay VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 11 insurance insurance NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 12 companies company NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 14 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 15 payers payer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 17 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 18 averaged average VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 19 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 20 9,775 9,775 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 23 uncomplicated uncomplicated JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 24 conventional conventional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 25 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 27 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 28 15,041 15,041 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 31 caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 32 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 408 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 2 144 144 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 5 aggregate aggregate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 6 charges charge NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 8 healthcare healthcare NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 9 facilities facility NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 11 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 12 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 13 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 14 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 17 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 18 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 20 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 22 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 23 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 24 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 25 billion billion CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 409 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 2 summed summed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 3 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 5 prenatal prenatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 6 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 8 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 11 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 12 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 13 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 15 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 16 30,000 30,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 19 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 20 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 22 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 23 50,000 50,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 26 caesarian caesarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 27 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 410 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 411 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 411 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 411 3 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 411 4 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 411 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 411 6 childbirth childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 411 7 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 411 8 stays stay NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 411 9 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 411 10 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 411 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 411 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 411 13 lowest low JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 411 14 ICU ICU NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 411 15 utilizations utilization NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 411 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 1 Vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 2 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 3 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 5 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 6 complicating complicate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 7 diagnoses diagnosis NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 9 caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 10 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 13 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 14 comorbidities comorbiditie NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 16 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 17 comorbidities comorbiditie NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 18 account account VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 20 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 23 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 24 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 26 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 27 stays stay VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 29 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 30 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 32 ICU ICU NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 33 utilization utilization NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 35 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 36 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 37 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 38 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 39 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 41 visits visit NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 42 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 43 admitted admit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 44 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 46 ICU ICU NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 412 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 413 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 413 2 stays stay NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 413 3 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 413 4 ICU ICU NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 413 5 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 413 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 413 7 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 413 8 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 413 9 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 413 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 413 11 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 413 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 413 13 attributable attributable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 413 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 413 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 413 16 ICU ICU NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 413 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 2 145 145 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 6 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 7 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 8 varying varying NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 9 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 11 facility facility NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 13 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 14 expenses expense NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 16 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 18 varying vary VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 20 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 21 3,296 3,296 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 23 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 24 37,227 37,227 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 27 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 28 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 31 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 32 8,312 8,312 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 34 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 35 70,908 70,908 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 36 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 38 caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 39 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 414 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 2 146 146 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 4 Beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 9 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 10 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 12 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 14 Care Care NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 15 Excellence Excellence NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 16 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 17 recommending recommend VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 19 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 20 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 21 give give VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 22 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 23 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 24 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 25 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 27 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 30 midwife midwife NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 31 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 32 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 33 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 34 obstetrician obstetrician NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 36 citing cite VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 37 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 38 expenses expense NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 40 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 41 healthcare healthcare NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 42 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 415 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 2 147 147 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 4 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 5 148 148 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 8 median median JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 9 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 10 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 12 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 13 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 15 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 18 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 19 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 20 1,500 1,500 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 21 vs. vs. NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 22 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 23 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 24 2,500 2,500 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 26 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 416 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 417 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 417 2 149 149 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 417 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 417 4 Location[edit Location[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 417 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 417 6 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 417 7 routinely routinely RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 417 8 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 417 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 417 10 hospitals hospital NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 417 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 417 12 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 417 13 developed developed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 417 14 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 417 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 1 Before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 3 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 8 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 11 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 12 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 17 Netherlands Netherlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 20 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 21 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 22 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 23 occurred occur VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 24 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 25 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 418 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 2 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 5 rural rural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 7 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 8 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 10 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 11 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 13 hospitalized hospitalize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 14 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 18 readily readily RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 19 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 22 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 23 option option NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 419 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 420 1 Maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 420 2 evacuation evacuation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 420 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 420 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 420 5 predominant predominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 420 6 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 420 7 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 420 8 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 420 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 420 10 assisting assist VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 420 11 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 420 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 420 13 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 420 14 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 420 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 2 151 151 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 4 Maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 5 evacuation evacuation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 8 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 10 relocating relocate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 11 pregnant pregnant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 12 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 14 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 15 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 17 deliver deliver VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 19 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 22 nearby nearby JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 23 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 24 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 25 setting setting NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 421 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 2 151 151 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 5 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 7 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 9 Indigenous Indigenous NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 10 Inuit Inuit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 12 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 13 Manitoban Manitoban NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 14 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 16 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 17 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 18 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 20 Australian australian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 21 aboriginal aboriginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 22 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 422 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 3 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 4 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 5 considering consider VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 7 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 8 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 10 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 11 evacuation evacuation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 12 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 15 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 17 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 18 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 19 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 21 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 22 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 423 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 424 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 424 2 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 424 3 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 424 4 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 424 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 424 6 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 424 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 424 8 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 424 9 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 424 10 complications complication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 424 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 424 12 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 424 13 depression depression NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 424 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 424 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 424 16 decreased decrease VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 424 17 breastfeeding breastfeed VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 424 18 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 424 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 2 151 151 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 5 exact exact JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 6 location location NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 9 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 10 takes take VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 11 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 14 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 15 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 17 determining determine VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 18 nationality nationality NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 21 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 23 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 24 aboard aboard IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 25 aircraft aircraft NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 27 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 425 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 1 Facilities[edit facilities[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 3 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 5 facilities facility NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 6 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 8 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 9 intended intend VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 11 house house VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 12 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 13 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 14 childbirth childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 16 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 17 labour labour JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 18 ward ward NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 20 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 21 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 23 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 24 ward ward NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 26 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 28 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 30 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 31 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 33 department department NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 36 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 37 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 38 focuses focus VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 39 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 40 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 41 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 42 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 44 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 46 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 47 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 48 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 49 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 426 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 3 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 4 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 5 linked link VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 8 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 10 neonatal neonatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 11 intensive intensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 12 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 13 unit unit NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 14 and/or and/or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 15 obstetric obstetric JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 16 surgery surgery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 17 unit unit NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 18 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 19 present present NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 427 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 2 maternity maternity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 3 ward ward NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 5 maternity maternity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 6 unit unit NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 8 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 9 facilities facility NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 10 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 12 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 15 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 16 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 18 observation observation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 20 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 22 normal normal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 23 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 24 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 26 complicated complicated JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 27 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 428 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 2 maternity maternity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 3 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 6 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 8 specializes specialize VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 10 caring care VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 12 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 13 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 14 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 16 pregnant pregnant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 18 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 19 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 21 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 22 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 24 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 25 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 27 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 28 birthing birthing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 29 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 30 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 31 presents present VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 33 simulated simulate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 34 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 36 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 37 environment environment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 429 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 1 Birthing birth VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 2 centers center NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 5 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 7 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 8 grounds ground NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 11 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 12 standing standing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 15 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 18 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 20 affiliated affiliate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 430 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 4 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 6 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 8 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 10 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 11 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 13 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 16 assist assist NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 19 midwife midwife NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 431 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 4 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 5 choose choose VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 7 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 8 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 10 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 11 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 12 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 13 professionals professional NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 14 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 16 termed term VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 18 unassisted unassisted JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 19 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 432 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 1 Associated associated JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 2 occupations[edit occupations[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 4 Model Model NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 6 pelvis pelvi NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 7 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 10 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 13 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 14 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 16 teach teach VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 17 technical technical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 18 procedures procedure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 21 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 22 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 433 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 1 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 6 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 8 Porto Porto NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 9 Alegre Alegre NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 11 Brazil Brazil NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 12 Different Different NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 13 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 15 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 16 attendants attendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 17 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 18 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 19 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 21 care care VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 22 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 23 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 25 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 27 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 28 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 29 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 30 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 31 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 32 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 33 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 34 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 35 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 36 professional professional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 37 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 39 skills skill NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 41 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 42 regulations regulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 46 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 48 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 49 delivered deliver VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 434 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 435 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 435 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 435 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 435 4 occupations occupation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 435 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 435 6 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 435 7 professionalised professionalised JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 435 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 435 9 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 435 10 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 435 11 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 435 12 exist exist VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 435 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 435 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 435 15 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 435 16 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 435 17 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 435 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 2 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 3 educators educator NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 6 instructors instructor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 7 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 8 aim aim VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 10 teach teach VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 11 pregnant pregnant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 12 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 15 partners partner NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 16 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 18 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 20 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 22 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 23 signs sign NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 25 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 27 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 29 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 30 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 32 breastfeeding breastfeeding NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 34 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 35 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 36 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 436 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 437 1 Training training NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 437 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 437 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 437 4 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 437 5 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 437 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 437 7 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 437 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 437 9 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 437 10 settings setting NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 437 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 437 12 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 437 13 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 437 14 certifying certifying NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 437 15 organizations organization NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 437 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 438 1 Each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 438 2 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 438 3 teaches teach VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 438 4 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 438 5 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 438 6 curriculum curriculum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 438 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 438 8 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 438 9 emphasizes emphasize VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 438 10 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 438 11 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 438 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 439 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 439 2 Lamaze Lamaze NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 439 3 technique technique NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 439 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 439 5 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 439 6 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 439 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 439 8 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 439 9 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 439 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 440 1 Doulas doula NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 440 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 440 3 assistants assistant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 440 4 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 440 5 support support VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 440 6 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 440 7 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 440 8 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 440 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 440 10 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 440 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 440 12 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 440 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 440 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 440 15 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 440 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 4 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 5 attendants attendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 7 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 9 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 10 provide provide VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 11 emotional emotional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 12 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 14 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 15 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 16 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 17 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 18 relief relief NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 20 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 21 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 22 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 441 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 1 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 2 childbirth childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 3 educators educator NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 5 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 6 unlicensed unlicensed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 7 assistive assistive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 8 personnel personnel NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 10 certification certification NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 12 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 14 doula doula NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 17 compulsory compulsory JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 19 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 21 anyone anyone NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 22 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 23 call call VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 24 themself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 26 doula doula NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 29 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 30 educator educator NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 442 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 1 Confinement confinement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 2 nannies nanny NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 4 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 5 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 7 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 9 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 10 assistance assistance NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 12 stay stay VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 15 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 18 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 19 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 20 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 443 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 444 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 444 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 444 3 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 444 4 experienced experienced JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 444 5 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 444 6 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 444 7 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 444 8 courses course NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 444 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 444 10 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 444 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 444 12 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 444 13 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 444 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 444 15 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 444 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 444 17 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 444 18 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 444 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 2 152 152 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 4 Midwives midwife NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 6 autonomous autonomous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 7 practitioners practitioner NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 8 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 9 provide provide VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 10 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 12 emergency emergency NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 13 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 14 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 15 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 17 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 19 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 20 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 22 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 24 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 26 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 28 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 30 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 31 pregnancies pregnancy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 445 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 1 Midwives midwife NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 3 trained train VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 5 assist assist VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 6 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 7 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 9 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 11 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 12 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 13 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 15 entry entry NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 17 nurse nurse NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 19 midwifery midwifery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 20 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 21 programs program NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 446 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 1 Jurisdictions jurisdiction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 2 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 3 midwifery midwifery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 6 regulated regulated JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 7 profession profession NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 8 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 9 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 10 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 12 registering registering JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 14 disciplinary disciplinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 15 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 17 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 18 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 20 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 23 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 24 Midwifery Midwifery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 25 Certification Certification NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 26 Board Board NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 29 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 30 States,[153 States,[153 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 31 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 33 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 35 Midwives Midwives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 37 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 38 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 40 Canada[154][155 Canada[154][155 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 41 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 42 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 44 Nursing Nursing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 46 Midwifery Midwifery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 47 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 50 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 51 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 447 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 448 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 448 2 156][157 156][157 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 448 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 448 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 448 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 448 6 past past NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 448 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 448 8 midwifery midwifery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 448 9 played play VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 448 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 448 11 crucial crucial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 448 12 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 448 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 448 14 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 448 15 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 448 16 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 448 17 indigenous indigenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 448 18 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 448 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 2 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 3 civilizations civilization NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 4 attempted attempt VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 6 assimilate assimilate VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 7 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 8 birthing birthing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 9 technologies technology NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 11 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 12 indigenous indigenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 13 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 15 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 16 Turtle Turtle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 17 Island Island NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 20 get get VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 21 rid rid VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 24 midwifery midwifery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 27 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 28 Aboriginal Aboriginal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 29 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 31 Midwives Midwives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 32 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 33 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 35 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 36 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 38 midwifery midwifery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 39 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 40 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 41 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 42 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 43 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 44 indigenous indigenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 45 birthing birthing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 449 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 2 158 158 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 5 jurisdictions jurisdiction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 6 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 7 midwifery midwifery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 11 regulated regulated JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 12 profession profession NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 14 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 15 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 16 attendants attendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 18 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 19 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 21 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 23 lay lay VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 24 midwives midwife NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 26 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 27 assist assist VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 28 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 29 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 30 childbirth childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 32 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 33 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 34 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 35 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 36 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 37 receive receive VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 38 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 39 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 40 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 41 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 43 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 450 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 1 Medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 2 doctors doctor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 3 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 4 practice practice VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 7 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 9 childbirth childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 10 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 11 categorically categorically RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 12 specialized specialized JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 13 obstetricians obstetrician NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 15 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 16 practitioners practitioner NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 18 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 19 practitioners practitioner NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 20 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 21 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 23 skills skill NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 25 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 26 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 27 obstetrics obstetric NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 31 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 32 contexts contexts JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 33 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 34 surgeons surgeon NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 451 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 2 physicians physician NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 4 surgeons surgeon NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 5 variously variously RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 6 provide provide VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 7 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 8 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 10 whole whole JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 11 spectrum spectrum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 13 normal normal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 15 abnormal abnormal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 16 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 18 pathological pathological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 19 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 20 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 452 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 453 1 Categorically categorically RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 453 2 specialized specialized JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 453 3 obstetricians obstetrician NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 453 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 453 5 qualified qualified JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 453 6 surgeons surgeon NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 453 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 453 8 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 453 9 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 453 10 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 453 11 undertake undertake VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 453 12 surgical surgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 453 13 procedures procedure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 453 14 relating relate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 453 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 453 16 childbirth childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 453 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 454 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 454 2 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 454 3 practitioners practitioner NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 454 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 454 5 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 454 6 practitioners practitioner NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 454 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 454 8 perform perform VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 454 9 obstetrical obstetrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 454 10 surgery surgery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 454 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 455 1 Obstetrical obstetrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 455 2 procedures procedure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 455 3 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 455 4 cesarean cesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 455 5 sections section NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 455 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 455 7 episiotomies episiotomy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 455 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 455 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 455 10 assisted assisted JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 455 11 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 455 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 1 Categorical categorical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 2 specialists specialist NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 4 obstetrics obstetric NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 6 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 7 trained train VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 9 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 10 obstetrics obstetric NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 12 gynecology gynecology NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 14 OB OB NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 15 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 16 GYN GYN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 20 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 21 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 22 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 23 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 25 surgical surgical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 26 gynecological gynecological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 27 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 30 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 31 incorporate incorporate VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 32 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 33 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 35 well well JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 37 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 39 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 40 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 41 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 43 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 44 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 456 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 1 Maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 3 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 4 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 5 specialists specialist NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 7 obstetrician obstetrician JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 8 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 9 gynecologists gynecologist NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 10 subspecialized subspecialize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 12 managing manage VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 14 treating treat VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 15 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 17 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 18 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 20 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 457 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 1 Anaesthetists anaesthetist NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 2 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 3 anesthesiologists anesthesiologist NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 5 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 6 doctors doctor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 7 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 8 specialise specialise VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 10 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 11 relief relief NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 14 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 16 drugs drug NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 18 facilitate facilitate VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 19 surgery surgery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 22 painful painful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 23 procedures procedure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 458 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 2 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 3 contribute contribute VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 6 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 9 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 11 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 13 performing perform VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 15 epidural epidural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 18 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 19 anaesthesia anaesthesia NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 21 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 22 spinal spinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 23 anaesthesia anaesthesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 26 Cesarean cesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 27 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 29 forceps forceps NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 30 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 459 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 460 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 460 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 460 3 experts expert NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 460 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 460 5 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 460 6 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 460 7 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 460 8 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 460 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 1 Obstetric obstetric JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 2 nurses nurse NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 3 assist assist VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 4 midwives midwife NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 6 doctors doctor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 8 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 11 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 12 before before RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 14 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 17 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 19 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 20 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 24 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 25 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 461 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 462 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 462 2 hold hold VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 462 3 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 462 4 nursing nursing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 462 5 certifications certification NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 462 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 462 7 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 462 8 undergo undergo VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 462 9 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 462 10 obstetric obstetric JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 462 11 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 462 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 462 13 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 462 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 462 15 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 462 16 nursing nursing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 462 17 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 462 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 1 Paramedics paramedic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 3 healthcare healthcare NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 4 providers provider NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 5 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 7 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 9 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 10 emergency emergency NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 11 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 13 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 15 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 17 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 18 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 20 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 21 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 22 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 24 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 25 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 27 medications medication NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 29 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 30 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 31 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 32 ambulance ambulance NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 463 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 3 capable capable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 5 delivering deliver VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 6 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 9 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 10 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 11 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 13 infants infant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 15 become become VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 17 stuck stuck JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 21 unable unable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 24 delivered deliver VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 25 vaginally vaginally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 464 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 465 1 Lactation lactation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 465 2 consultants consultant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 465 3 assist assist VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 465 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 465 5 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 465 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 465 7 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 465 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 465 9 breastfeed breastfeed VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 465 10 successfully successfully RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 465 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 2 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 3 visitor visitor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 4 comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 6 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 8 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 10 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 12 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 14 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 15 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 16 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 17 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 19 discharge discharge NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 22 checks check VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 24 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 25 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 26 adaptation adaptation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 28 extrauterine extrauterine VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 29 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 32 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 33 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 34 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 35 physiological physiological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 36 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 466 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 1 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 2 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 3 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 4 communities[edit communities[edit VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 6 Cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 7 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 9 assumptions assumption NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 12 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 14 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 16 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 17 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 18 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 19 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 467 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 4 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 5 Maya Maya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 6 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 7 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 8 work work VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 10 agricultural agricultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 11 fields field NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 13 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 14 rural rural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 15 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 16 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 17 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 18 continue continue VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 20 work work VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 23 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 24 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 26 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 27 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 28 normally normally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 29 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 30 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 31 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 34 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 35 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 36 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 37 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 38 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 39 begins begin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 468 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 2 159 159 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 4 Comfort comfort NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 6 proximity proximity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 8 extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 9 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 11 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 12 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 13 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 14 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 17 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 18 priority priority NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 20 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 21 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 23 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 24 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 26 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 29 Chillihuani Chillihuani NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 31 Peru Peru NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 34 Mayan mayan JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 35 town town NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 37 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 38 Pedro Pedro NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 39 La La NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 40 Laguna Laguna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 469 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 2 159][160 159][160 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 4 Home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 5 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 7 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 8 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 10 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 11 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 12 feel feel VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 13 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 14 comfortable comfortable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 20 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 21 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 24 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 25 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 26 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 27 helping help VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 28 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 30 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 31 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 470 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 2 159 159 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 4 Traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 9 rare rare JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 11 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 12 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 15 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 17 lie lie VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 18 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 19 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 20 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 22 opting opt VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 23 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 25 standing standing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 27 kneeling kneel VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 30 walking walk VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 31 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 32 prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 35 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 36 birthing birthing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 471 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 472 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 472 2 160][159 160][159 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 472 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 472 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 472 5 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 472 6 rely rely VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 472 7 heavily heavily RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 472 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 472 9 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 472 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 472 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 472 12 birthing birthing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 472 13 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 472 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 3 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 5 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 6 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 7 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 9 carried carry VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 10 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 12 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 14 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 15 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 17 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 20 healthier healthy JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 22 happier happy JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 23 future future NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 473 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 7 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 10 Chillihuani Chillihuani NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 12 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 14 knife knife NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 16 scissors scissor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 18 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 20 cutting cut VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 22 umbilical umbilical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 23 cord cord NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 25 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 26 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 27 cause cause VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 30 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 32 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 33 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 34 clothes clothe NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 35 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 36 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 474 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 475 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 475 2 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 475 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 475 4 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 475 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 475 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 475 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 475 8 jagged jagged JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 475 9 ceramic ceramic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 475 10 tile tile NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 475 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 475 12 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 475 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 475 14 cut cut VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 475 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 475 16 umbilical umbilical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 475 17 cord cord NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 475 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 2 160 160 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 5 Mayan mayan JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 6 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 8 ceremonial ceremonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 9 gifts gift NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 11 presented present VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 14 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 15 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 16 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 18 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 20 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 22 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 23 her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 24 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 26 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 28 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 29 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 30 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 31 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 476 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 477 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 477 2 159 159 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 477 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 477 4 Ceremonies ceremony NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 477 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 477 6 customs custom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 477 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 477 8 vary vary VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 477 9 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 477 10 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 477 11 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 477 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 3 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 5 Benin Benin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 6 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 8 Ghana Ghana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 9 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 11 Haiti Haiti NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 12 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 14 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 15 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 17 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 18 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 20 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 21 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 23 Mexico Mexico NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 24 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 26 Nepal Nepal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 27 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 29 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 30 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 31 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 33 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 34 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 36 Trinidad Trinidad NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 38 Tobago Tobago NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 39 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 41 Uzbekistan Uzbekistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 42 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 44 Zambia Zambia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 45 Collecting Collecting NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 46 stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 47 cells[edit cells[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 48 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 49 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 50 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 51 currently currently RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 52 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 53 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 54 collect collect VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 55 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 56 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 58 stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 59 cells cell NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 60 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 61 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 62 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 63 amniotic amniotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 64 stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 65 cells cell NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 66 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 67 umbilical umbilical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 68 cord cord NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 69 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 70 stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 71 cells cell NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 478 72 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 479 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 479 2 161 161 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 479 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 479 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 479 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 479 6 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 479 7 studied study VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 479 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 479 9 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 479 10 treatments treatment NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 479 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 479 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 479 13 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 479 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 479 15 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 479 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 2 161 161 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 4 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 5 aspects[edit aspects[edit , en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 7 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 8 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 9 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 11 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 13 reckoned reckon VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 16 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 18 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 21 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 23 birthday birthday NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 25 celebrated celebrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 26 annually annually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 480 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 481 1 East east JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 481 2 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 481 3 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 481 4 reckoning reckoning NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 481 5 starts start VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 481 6 newborns newborn NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 481 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 481 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 481 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 481 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 481 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 481 12 incrementing incremente VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 481 13 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 481 14 Lunar Lunar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 481 15 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 481 16 Year Year NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 481 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 2 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 3 view view VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 5 placenta placenta NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 8 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 9 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 11 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 13 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 15 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 16 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 18 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 20 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 21 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 23 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 24 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 25 months month NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 482 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 483 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 483 2 placenta placenta NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 483 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 483 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 483 5 eaten eat VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 483 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 483 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 483 8 newborn newborn NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 483 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 483 10 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 483 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 483 12 ceremonially ceremonially RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 483 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 483 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 483 15 nutrition nutrition NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 483 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 483 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 483 18 otherwise otherwise RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 483 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 484 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 484 2 162 162 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 484 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 484 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 484 5 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 484 6 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 484 7 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 484 8 eat eat VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 484 9 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 484 10 afterbirth afterbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 484 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 484 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 484 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 484 14 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 484 15 placentophagy placentophagy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 484 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 484 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 1 Most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 2 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 3 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 6 category category NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 8 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 9 professionals professional NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 10 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 11 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 12 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 13 process process VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 15 placenta placenta NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 17 consumption consumption NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 19 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 20 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 485 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 2 also[edit also[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 4 Abuse abuse NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 5 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 6 childbirth childbirth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 7 Advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 8 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 9 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 11 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 13 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 17 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 18 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 20 reproduction reproduction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 21 Antinatalism Antinatalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 22 Asynclitic Asynclitic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 23 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 25 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 26 abnormal abnormal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 27 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 28 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 29 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 30 defect defect VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 31 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 32 positions position VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 33 Coffin coffin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 34 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 35 Ferguson Ferguson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 36 reflex reflex NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 37 Multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 38 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 39 Obstetrical obstetrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 40 bleeding bleed VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 41 Naegele Naegele NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 42 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 43 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 45 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 46 calculate calculate VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 48 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 49 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 50 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 51 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 52 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 53 Natalism Natalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 54 Obstetrical Obstetrical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 55 Dilemma Dilemma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 56 Perineal Perineal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 57 massage massage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 58 Pre- Pre- NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 60 perinatal perinatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 61 psychology psychology NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 62 Reproductive Reproductive NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 63 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 64 Supplies Supplies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 65 Coalition Coalition NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 66 Traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 67 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 68 attendant attendant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 69 Unassisted unassisted JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 70 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 71 Vernix Vernix NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 72 caseosa caseosa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 73 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 74 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 75 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 76 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 77 Bradley Bradley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 78 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 79 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 80 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 81 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 82 Lamaze Lamaze NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 83 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 84 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 85 Water Water NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 86 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 87 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 88 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 89 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 90 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 91 confinement confinement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 92 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 93 Definition definition NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 94 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 95 confinement confinement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 96 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 97 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 98 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 99 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 100 Dictionaries Dictionaries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 101 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 486 102 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 487 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 487 2 Dictionaries Dictionaries NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 487 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 487 4 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 487 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 488 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 488 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 488 3 CONFINEMENT confinement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 488 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 488 5 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 488 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 488 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 488 8 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 488 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 488 10 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 488 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 488 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 489 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 489 2 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 489 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 490 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 490 2 Lunze Lunze NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 490 3 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 490 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 490 5 Bloom Bloom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 490 6 DE DE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 490 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 490 8 Jamison Jamison NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 490 9 DT DT NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 490 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 490 11 Hamer Hamer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 490 12 DH DH NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 490 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 490 14 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 490 15 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 490 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 490 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 491 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 491 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 491 3 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 491 4 burden burden NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 491 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 491 6 neonatal neonatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 491 7 hypothermia hypothermia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 491 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 491 9 systematic systematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 491 10 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 491 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 491 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 491 13 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 491 14 challenge challenge NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 491 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 491 16 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 491 17 survival survival NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 491 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 491 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 492 1 BMC BMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 492 2 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 492 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 493 1 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 493 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 493 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 493 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 493 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 493 6 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 493 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 493 8 doi:10.1186/1741 doi:10.1186/1741 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 493 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 493 10 7015 7015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 493 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 493 12 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 493 13 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 493 14 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 493 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 494 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 494 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 494 3 3606398 3606398 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 494 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 495 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 495 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 495 3 23369256 23369256 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 495 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 496 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 496 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 496 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 496 4 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 496 5 RJ RJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 496 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 496 7 Fanaroff Fanaroff NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 496 8 AA AA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 496 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 496 10 Walsh Walsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 496 11 MC MC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 496 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 496 13 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 496 14 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 496 15 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 496 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 496 17 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 496 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 496 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 497 1 Fanaroff fanaroff RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 497 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 497 3 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 497 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 497 5 Neonatal Neonatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 497 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 497 7 Perinatal Perinatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 497 8 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 497 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 497 10 Diseases disease NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 497 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 497 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 497 13 Fetus Fetus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 497 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 497 15 Infant Infant NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 497 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 498 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 498 2 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 498 3 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 498 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 499 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 499 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 499 3 116 116 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 499 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 500 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 500 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 500 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 500 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 500 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 500 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 500 7 323 323 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 500 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 500 9 29537 29537 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 500 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 500 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 500 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 501 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 501 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 501 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 501 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 501 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 501 6 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 501 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 501 8 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 501 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 501 10 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 501 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 8 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 9 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 11 teachers teacher NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 13 midwifery midwifery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 16 midwifery midwifery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 17 education education NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 18 modules module NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 20 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 23 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 24 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 502 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 503 1 Geneva Geneva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 503 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 503 3 Switzerland Switzerland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 503 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 503 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 503 6 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 503 7 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 503 8 Organisation Organisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 503 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 504 1 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 504 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 504 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 504 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 504 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 504 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 505 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 505 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 505 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 505 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 505 5 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 505 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 505 7 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 505 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 505 9 154666 154666 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 505 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 505 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 505 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 506 1 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 506 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 506 3 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 506 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 506 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 506 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 506 7 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 506 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 506 9 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 506 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 506 11 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 506 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 506 13 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 506 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 507 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 507 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 507 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 507 4 Memon Memon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 507 5 HU HU NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 507 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 507 7 Handa Handa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 507 8 VL VL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 507 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 507 10 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 507 11 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 507 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 507 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 508 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 508 2 Vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 508 3 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 508 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 508 5 pelvic pelvic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 508 6 floor floor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 508 7 disorders disorder NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 508 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 508 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 509 1 Women Women NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 509 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 509 3 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 509 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 510 1 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 510 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 510 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 510 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 510 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 510 6 265–77 265–77 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 510 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 510 8 quiz quiz NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 510 9 276–77 276–77 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 510 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 511 1 doi:10.2217 doi:10.2217 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 511 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 511 3 whe.13.17 whe.13.17 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 511 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 512 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 512 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 512 3 3877300 3877300 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 512 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 513 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 513 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 513 3 23638782 23638782 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 513 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 514 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 514 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 514 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 514 4 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 514 5 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 514 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 514 7 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 514 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 514 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 515 1 Concise Concise NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 515 2 Colour Colour NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 515 3 Medical Medical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 515 4 l.p l.p NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 515 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 515 6 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 515 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 516 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 516 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 516 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 516 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 517 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 517 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 517 3 375 375 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 517 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 518 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 518 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 518 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 518 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 518 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 518 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 518 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 518 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 518 9 968799 968799 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 518 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 518 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 518 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 519 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 519 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 519 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 519 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 519 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 519 6 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 519 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 519 8 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 519 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 519 10 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 519 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 520 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 520 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 520 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 520 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 520 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 520 6 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 520 7 Factbook Factbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 520 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 520 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 521 1 www.cia.gov www.cia.gov NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 521 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 522 1 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 522 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 522 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 522 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 522 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 523 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 523 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 523 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 523 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 523 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 523 6 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 523 7 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 523 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 523 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 524 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 524 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 524 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 524 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 524 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 525 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 525 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 525 3 Preterm Preterm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 525 4 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 525 5 Fact Fact NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 525 6 sheet sheet NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 525 7 N n CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 525 8 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-3038 525 9 363 363 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 525 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 525 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 526 1 WHO who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 526 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 527 1 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 527 2 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 527 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 528 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 528 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 528 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 528 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 528 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 528 6 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 528 7 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 528 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 528 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 529 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 529 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 529 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 529 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 529 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 530 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 530 2 Buck Buck NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 530 3 GM GM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 530 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 530 5 Platt Platt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 530 6 RW RW NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 530 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 530 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 530 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 530 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 531 1 Reproductive reproductive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 531 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 531 3 perinatal perinatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 531 4 epidemiology epidemiology NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 531 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 532 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 532 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 532 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 532 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 532 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 532 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 533 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 533 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 533 3 163 163 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 533 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 534 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 534 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 534 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 534 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 534 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 534 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 534 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 534 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 534 9 985774 985774 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 534 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 534 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 534 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 535 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 535 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 535 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 535 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 535 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 535 6 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 535 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 535 8 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 535 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 535 10 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 535 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 536 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 536 2 Co Co NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 536 3 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 536 4 Operation Operation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 536 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 536 6 Organisation Organisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 536 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 536 8 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 536 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 536 10 Development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 536 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 536 12 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 536 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 536 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 537 1 Doing do VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 537 2 better well RBR en-wikipedia-org-3038 537 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 537 4 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 537 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 538 1 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 538 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 538 3 OECD OECD NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 538 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 539 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 539 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 539 3 105 105 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 539 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 540 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 540 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 540 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 540 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 540 5 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 540 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 540 7 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 540 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 540 9 05934 05934 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 540 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 540 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 540 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 541 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 541 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 541 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 541 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 541 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 541 6 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 541 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 541 8 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 541 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 541 10 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 541 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 542 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 542 2 Olsen Olsen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 542 3 O O NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 542 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 542 5 Clausen Clausen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 542 6 JA JA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 542 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 542 8 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 542 9 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 542 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 542 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 543 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 543 2 Planned planned JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 543 3 hospital hospital NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 543 4 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 543 5 versus versus IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 543 6 planned plan VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 543 7 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 543 8 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 543 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 543 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 544 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 544 2 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 544 3 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 544 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 544 5 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 544 6 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 544 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 544 8 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 544 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 544 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 544 11 CD000352 CD000352 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 544 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 545 1 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000352.pub2 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000352.pub2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 545 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 546 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 546 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 546 3 4238062 4238062 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 546 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 547 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 547 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 547 3 22972043 22972043 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 547 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 548 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 548 2 Fossard Fossard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 548 3 Ed Ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 548 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 548 5 Bailey Bailey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 548 6 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 548 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 548 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 548 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 548 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 549 1 Communication communication NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 549 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 549 3 Behavior Behavior NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 549 4 Change Change NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 549 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 549 6 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 549 7 lll lll NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 549 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 549 9 Using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 549 10 Entertainment Entertainment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 549 11 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3038 549 12 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 549 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 549 14 Distance Distance NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 549 15 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 549 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 550 1 SAGE SAGE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 550 2 Publications Publications NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 550 3 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 550 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 551 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 551 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 551 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 551 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 551 5 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 551 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 551 7 5150 5150 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 551 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 551 9 758 758 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 551 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 551 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 551 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 552 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 552 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 552 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 552 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 552 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 552 6 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 552 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 552 8 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 552 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 553 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 553 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 553 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 553 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 553 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 554 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 554 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 554 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 554 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 554 5 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 554 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 554 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 555 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 555 2 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 555 3 Electronic Electronic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 555 4 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 555 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 555 6 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 555 7 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 555 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 555 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 555 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 556 1 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 556 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 556 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 556 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 557 1 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 557 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 558 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 558 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 558 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 558 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 558 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 558 6 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 558 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 558 8 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 558 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 558 10 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 558 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 559 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 559 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 559 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 559 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 559 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 559 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 559 7 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3038 559 8 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 559 9 Encyclopedia.com Encyclopedia.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 559 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 560 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 560 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 560 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 560 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 560 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 560 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 560 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 560 8 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 560 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 560 10 Pregnancy Pregnancy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 560 11 Labor Labor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 560 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 560 13 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 560 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 560 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 561 1 Women Women NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 561 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 561 3 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 561 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 562 1 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 562 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 562 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 562 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 562 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 563 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 563 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 563 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 563 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 563 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 563 6 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 563 7 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 563 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 563 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 564 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 564 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 564 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 564 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 564 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 565 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 565 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 565 3 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 565 4 begins begin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 565 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 565 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 565 7 onset onset NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 565 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 565 9 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 565 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 565 11 ends end VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 565 12 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 565 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 565 14 cervix cervix NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 565 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 565 16 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 565 17 opened open VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 565 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 566 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 566 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 566 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 566 4 longest long JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 566 5 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 566 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 566 7 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 566 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 566 9 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 566 10 lasting last VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 566 11 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 566 12 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 566 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 566 14 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 566 15 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 566 16 .. .. . en-wikipedia-org-3038 567 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 567 2 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 567 3 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 567 4 involves involve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 567 5 pushing pushing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 567 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 567 7 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 567 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 567 9 your -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 567 10 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 567 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 568 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 568 2 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 568 3 lasts last VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 568 4 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 568 5 minutes minute NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 568 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 568 7 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 568 8 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 568 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 569 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 569 2 McDonald McDonald NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 569 3 SJ SJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 569 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 569 5 Middleton Middleton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 569 6 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 569 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 569 8 Dowswell Dowswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 569 9 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 569 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 569 11 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 569 12 PS PS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 569 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 569 14 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 569 15 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 569 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 569 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 570 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 570 2 Effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 570 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 570 4 timing timing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 570 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 570 6 umbilical umbilical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 570 7 cord cord NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 570 8 clamping clamp VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 570 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 570 10 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 570 11 infants infant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 570 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 570 13 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 570 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 570 15 neonatal neonatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 570 16 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 570 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 570 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 571 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 571 2 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 571 3 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 571 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 571 5 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 571 6 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 571 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 572 1 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 572 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 572 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 572 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 572 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 572 6 CD004074 CD004074 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 572 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 573 1 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004074.pub3 doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004074.pub3 UH en-wikipedia-org-3038 573 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 574 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 574 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 574 3 6544813 6544813 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 574 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 575 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 575 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 575 3 23843134 23843134 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 575 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 576 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 576 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 576 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 576 4 Phillips Phillips NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 576 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 576 6 Raylene Raylene NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 576 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 577 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 577 2 Uninterrupted uninterrupted JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 577 3 Skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 577 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 577 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 577 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 577 7 Skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 577 8 Contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 577 9 Immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 577 10 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 577 11 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 577 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 577 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 578 1 Medscape Medscape NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 578 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 579 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 579 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 579 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 579 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 579 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 579 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 579 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 579 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 579 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 580 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 580 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 580 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 580 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 580 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 581 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 581 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 581 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 581 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 581 5 Essential Essential NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 581 6 Antenatal Antenatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 581 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 581 8 Perinatal Perinatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 581 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 581 10 Postpartum Postpartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 581 11 Care Care NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 581 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 581 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 581 14 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 581 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 581 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 582 1 Promoting promote VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 582 2 Effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 582 3 Perinatal Perinatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 582 4 Care Care NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 582 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 583 1 WHO who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 583 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 584 1 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 584 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 584 3 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 584 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 584 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 584 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 584 7 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 584 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 584 9 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 584 10 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 584 11 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 584 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 585 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 585 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 585 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 585 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 585 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 586 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 586 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 586 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 586 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 586 5 Care Care NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 586 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 586 7 healthy healthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 586 8 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 586 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 586 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 586 11 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 586 12 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 586 13 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 586 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 586 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 587 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 587 2 Collaborating Collaborating NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 587 3 Centre Centre NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 587 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 587 5 Women Women NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 587 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 587 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 587 8 Children Children NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 587 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 587 10 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 587 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 588 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 588 2 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 588 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 588 4 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 588 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 588 6 Care Care NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 588 7 Excellence Excellence NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 588 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 589 1 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 589 2 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 589 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 590 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 590 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 590 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 590 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 590 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 590 6 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 590 7 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 590 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 590 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 591 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 591 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 591 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 591 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 591 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 592 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 592 2 Hofmeyr Hofmeyr NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 592 3 GJ GJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 592 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 592 5 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 592 6 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 592 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 592 8 Lawrie Lawrie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 592 9 TA TA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 592 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 592 11 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 592 12 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 592 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 592 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 593 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 593 2 Planned planned JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 593 3 caesarean caesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 593 4 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 593 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 593 6 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 593 7 breech breech NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 593 8 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 593 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 593 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 594 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 594 2 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 594 3 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 594 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 594 5 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 594 6 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 594 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 594 8 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 594 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 594 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 594 11 CD000166 CD000166 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 594 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 595 1 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000166.pub2 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000166.pub2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 595 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 596 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 596 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 596 3 6505736 6505736 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 596 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 597 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 597 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 597 3 26196961 26196961 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 597 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 598 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 598 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 598 3 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 598 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 598 5 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 598 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 598 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 599 1 womenshealth.gov womenshealth.gov ADD en-wikipedia-org-3038 599 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 600 1 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 600 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 600 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 600 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 600 5 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 600 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 601 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 601 2 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 601 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 601 4 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 601 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 601 6 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 601 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 602 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 602 2 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 602 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 602 4 Labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 602 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 602 6 Delivery Delivery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 602 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 602 8 Immediate Immediate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 602 9 Postpartum Postpartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 602 10 Care Care NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 602 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 603 1 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 603 2 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 603 3 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 603 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 604 1 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 604 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 604 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 604 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 604 5 Chapter Chapter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 604 6 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 604 7 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 604 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 604 9 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 604 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 604 11 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 604 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 604 13 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 604 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 604 15 154935 154935 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 604 16 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 604 17 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 604 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 605 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 605 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 605 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 605 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 605 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 605 6 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 605 7 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 605 8 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 605 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 606 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 606 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 606 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 606 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 606 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 2 Molina Molina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 3 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 5 Weiser Weiser NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 6 TG TG NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 8 Lipsitz Lipsitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 9 SR SR NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 11 Esquivel Esquivel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 12 MM MM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 14 Uribe Uribe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 16 Leitz Leitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 17 T t NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 19 Azad Azad NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 20 T t NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 22 Shah Shah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 23 N N NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 25 Semrau Semrau NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 26 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 28 Berry Berry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 29 WR WR NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 31 Gawande Gawande NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 32 AA AA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 34 Haynes Haynes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 35 AB AB NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 37 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 38 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 607 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 608 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 608 2 Relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 608 3 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 608 4 Cesarean Cesarean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 608 5 Delivery Delivery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 608 6 Rate Rate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 608 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 608 8 Maternal Maternal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 608 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 608 10 Neonatal Neonatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 608 11 Mortality Mortality NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 608 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 608 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 609 1 JAMA JAMA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 609 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 610 1 314 314 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 610 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 610 3 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 610 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 610 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 610 6 2263–70 2263–70 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 610 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 611 1 doi:10.1001 doi:10.1001 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 611 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 611 3 jama.2015.15553 jama.2015.15553 ADD en-wikipedia-org-3038 611 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 612 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 612 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 612 3 26624825 26624825 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 612 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 613 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 613 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 613 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 613 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 613 5 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 613 6 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 613 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 614 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 614 2 Newborns newborn NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 614 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 614 4 reducing reduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 614 5 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 614 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 614 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 615 1 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 615 2 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 615 3 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 615 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 616 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 616 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 616 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 616 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 616 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 616 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 616 7 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 616 8 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 616 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 617 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 617 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 617 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 617 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 617 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 618 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 618 2 Weber Weber NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 618 3 SE SE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 618 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 618 5 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 618 6 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 618 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 618 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 619 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 619 2 Cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 619 3 aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 619 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 619 5 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 619 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 619 7 childbearing childbeare VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 619 8 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 619 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 619 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 620 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 620 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 620 3 Obstetric Obstetric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 620 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 620 5 Gynecologic Gynecologic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 620 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 620 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 620 8 Neonatal Neonatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 620 9 Nursing Nursing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 620 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 621 1 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 621 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 621 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 621 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 621 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 621 6 67–72 67–72 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 621 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 622 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 622 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 622 3 j.1552 j.1552 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 622 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 622 5 6909.1996.tb02515.x 6909.1996.tb02515.x CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 622 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 623 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 623 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 623 3 8627405 8627405 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 623 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 624 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 624 2 Callister Callister NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 624 3 LC LC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 624 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 624 5 Khalaf Khalaf NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 624 6 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 624 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 624 8 Semenic Semenic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 624 9 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 624 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 624 11 Kartchner Kartchner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 624 12 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 624 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 624 14 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 624 15 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 624 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 625 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 625 2 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 625 3 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 625 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 625 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 626 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 626 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 626 3 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 626 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 626 5 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 626 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 626 7 perceptions perception NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 626 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 626 9 culturally culturally RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 626 10 diverse diverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 626 11 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 626 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 626 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 627 1 Pain Pain NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 627 2 Management Management NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 627 3 Nursing Nursing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 627 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 628 1 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 628 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 628 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 628 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 628 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 628 6 145–54 145–54 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 628 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 629 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 629 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 629 3 S1524 s1524 JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 629 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 629 5 9042(03)00028 9042(03)00028 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 629 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 629 7 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 629 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 630 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 630 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 630 3 14663792 14663792 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 630 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 631 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 631 2 Hodnett Hodnett NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 631 3 ED ED NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 631 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 631 5 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 631 6 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 631 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 631 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 632 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 632 2 Pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 632 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 632 4 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 632 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 632 6 satisfaction satisfaction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 632 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 632 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 632 9 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 632 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 632 11 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 632 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 632 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 632 14 systematic systematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 632 15 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 632 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 632 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 633 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 633 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 633 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 633 4 Obstetrics Obstetrics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 633 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 633 6 Gynecology Gynecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 633 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 634 1 186 186 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 634 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 634 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 634 4 Suppl Suppl NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 634 5 Nature Nature NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 634 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 634 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 634 8 S160 S160 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 634 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 634 10 72 72 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 634 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 635 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 635 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 635 3 S0002 S0002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 635 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 635 5 9378(02)70189 9378(02)70189 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 635 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 635 7 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 635 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 636 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 636 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 636 3 12011880 12011880 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 636 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 637 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 637 2 Harms Harms NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 637 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 637 4 Rogert Rogert NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 637 5 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 637 6 Does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 637 7 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 637 8 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 637 9 really really RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 637 10 happen happen VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 637 11 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 4 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 6 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 9 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 10 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 12 mayoclinic.com mayoclinic.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 14 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 15 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 16 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 17 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 18 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 19 Meyer Meyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 20 D d NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 22 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 638 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 639 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 639 2 Selective selective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 639 3 serotonin serotonin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 639 4 reuptake reuptake NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 639 5 inhibitors inhibitor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 639 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 639 7 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 639 8 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 639 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 639 10 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 639 11 satisfaction satisfaction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 639 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 639 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 640 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 640 2 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 640 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 640 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 641 1 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 641 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 641 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 641 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 641 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 641 6 392–397 392–397 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 641 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 642 1 doi:10.1177/1066480707305470 doi:10.1177/1066480707305470 FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 642 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 643 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 643 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 643 3 144945177 144945177 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 643 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 644 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 644 2 Bowen Bowen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 644 3 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 644 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 644 5 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 644 6 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 644 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 644 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 644 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 644 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 645 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 645 2 Oxytocin Oxytocin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 645 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 645 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 646 1 Hypertexts hypertext NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 646 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 646 3 Biomedical Biomedical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 646 4 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 646 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 647 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 647 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 647 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 647 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 647 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 647 6 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 647 7 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 647 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 647 9 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 647 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 648 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 648 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 648 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 648 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 648 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 648 6 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 648 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 649 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 649 2 Zlotnick Zlotnick NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 649 3 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 649 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 649 5 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 649 6 SL SL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 649 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 649 8 Miller Miller NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 649 9 IW IW NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 649 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 649 11 Pearlstein Pearlstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 649 12 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 649 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 649 14 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 649 15 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 649 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 650 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 650 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 650 3 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 650 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 650 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 2 Postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 3 depression depression NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 5 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 6 receiving receive VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 7 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 8 assistance assistance NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 10 pilot pilot NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 11 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 14 interpersonal interpersonal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 16 therapy therapy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 18 oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 19 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 20 intervention intervention NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 651 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 652 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 652 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 652 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 652 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 652 5 Psychiatry Psychiatry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 652 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 653 1 158 158 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 653 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 653 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 653 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 653 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 653 6 638–40 638–40 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 653 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 654 1 doi:10.1176 doi:10.1176 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 654 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 654 3 appi.ajp.158.4.638 appi.ajp.158.4.638 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 654 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 655 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 655 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 655 3 11282702 11282702 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 655 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 2 Chabrol Chabrol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 3 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 5 Teissedre Teissedre NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 6 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 8 Saint Saint NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 10 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 11 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 13 Teisseyre Teisseyre NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 14 N N NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 16 Sistac Sistac NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 17 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 19 Michaud Michaud NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 20 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 22 Roge Roge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 23 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 25 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 656 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 3 Detection detection NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 5 prevention prevention NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 7 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 9 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 10 depression depression NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 13 controlled control VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 14 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 16 859 859 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 17 patients patient NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 657 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 658 1 L'Encephale L'Encephale NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 658 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 659 1 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 659 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 659 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 659 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 659 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 659 6 65–70 65–70 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 659 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 660 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 660 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 660 3 11963345 11963345 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 660 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 661 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 661 2 Pillitteri Pillitteri NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 661 3 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 661 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 661 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 661 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 661 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 662 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 662 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 662 3 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 662 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 662 5 Nursing nursing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 662 6 Care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 662 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 662 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 662 9 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 662 10 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 662 11 Labor Labor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 662 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 662 13 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 662 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 662 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 663 1 Maternal Maternal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 663 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 663 3 Child Child NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 663 4 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 663 5 Nursing Nursing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 663 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 663 7 Care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 663 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 663 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 663 10 Childbearing Childbearing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 663 11 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 663 12 Childrearing Childrearing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 663 13 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 663 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 664 1 Hagerstown Hagerstown NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 664 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 664 3 Maryland Maryland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 664 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 664 5 Lippincott Lippincott NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 664 6 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 664 7 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 664 8 Wilkins Wilkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 664 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 665 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 665 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 665 3 350 350 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 665 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 666 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 666 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 666 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 666 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 666 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 666 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 666 7 58255 58255 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 666 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 666 9 999 999 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 666 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 666 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 666 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 667 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 667 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 667 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 667 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 667 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 667 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 667 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 667 8 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 667 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 667 10 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 667 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 668 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 668 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 668 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 668 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 668 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 668 6 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 668 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 669 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 669 2 Levine Levine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 669 3 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 669 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 669 5 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 669 6 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 669 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 669 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 669 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 669 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 670 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 670 2 Types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 670 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 670 4 Forceps forceps NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 670 5 Used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 670 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 670 7 Delivery Delivery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 670 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 670 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 671 1 Healthline healthline NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 671 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 672 1 Healthline Healthline NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 672 2 Networks Networks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 672 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 673 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 673 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 673 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 673 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 673 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 673 6 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 673 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 674 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 674 2 Goldberg Goldberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 674 3 AE AE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 674 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 674 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 674 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 674 7 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 674 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 674 9 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 674 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 674 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 675 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 675 2 Cervical Cervical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 675 3 Ripening ripening NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 675 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 675 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 676 1 Medscape Medscape NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 676 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 677 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 677 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 677 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 677 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 677 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 677 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 678 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 678 2 Kupferminc Kupferminc NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 678 3 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 678 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 678 5 Lessing Lessing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 678 6 JB JB NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 678 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 678 8 Yaron Yaron NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 678 9 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 678 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 678 11 Peyser Peyser NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 678 12 MR MR NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 678 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 678 14 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 678 15 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 678 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 678 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 679 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 679 2 Nifedipine Nifedipine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 679 3 versus versus IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 679 4 ritodrine ritodrine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 679 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 679 6 suppression suppression NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 679 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 679 8 preterm preterm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 679 9 labour labour NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 679 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 679 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 680 1 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 680 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 680 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 680 4 Obstetrics Obstetrics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 680 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 680 6 Gynaecology Gynaecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 680 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 681 1 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 681 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 681 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 681 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 681 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 681 6 1090–94 1090–94 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 681 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 682 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 682 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 682 3 j.1471 j.1471 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 682 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 682 5 0528.1993.tb15171.x 0528.1993.tb15171.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 682 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 683 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 683 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 683 3 8297841 8297841 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 683 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 684 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 684 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 684 3 24521943 24521943 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 684 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 2 Jokic Jokic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 3 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 5 Guillois Guillois NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 6 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 8 Cauquelin Cauquelin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 9 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 11 Giroux Giroux NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 12 JD JD NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 14 Bessis Bessis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 15 JL JL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 17 Morello Morello NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 18 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 20 Levy Levy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 21 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 23 Ballet Ballet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 24 JJ JJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 26 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 27 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 685 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 2 Fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 3 distress distress NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 4 increases increase VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 5 interleukin-6 interleukin-6 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 7 interleukin-8 interleukin-8 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 9 decreases decrease VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 10 tumour tumour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 11 necrosis necrosis NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 12 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 14 alpha alpha NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 15 cord cord NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 16 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 17 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 19 noninfected noninfected JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 20 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 22 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 23 neonates neonate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 686 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 687 1 BJOG BJOG NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 687 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 688 1 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 688 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 688 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 688 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 688 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 688 6 420–5 420–5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 688 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 689 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 689 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 689 3 j.1471 j.1471 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 689 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 689 5 0528.2000.tb13241.x 0528.2000.tb13241.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 689 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 690 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 690 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 690 3 10740342 10740342 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 690 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 691 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 691 2 Lyrenäs Lyrenäs NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 691 3 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 691 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 691 5 Clason Clason NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 691 6 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 691 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 691 8 Ulmsten Ulmsten NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 691 9 U U NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 691 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 691 11 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 691 12 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 691 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 691 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 2 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 3 vivo vivo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 4 controlled controlled JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 5 release release NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 7 PGE2 PGE2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 10 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 11 insert insert NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 13 0.8 0.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 14 mm mm CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 16 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 17 mg mg NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 19 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 20 induction induction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 22 labour labour NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 692 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 693 1 BJOG BJOG NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 693 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 694 1 108 108 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 694 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 694 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 694 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 694 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 694 6 169–78 169–78 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 694 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 695 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 695 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 695 3 j.1471 j.1471 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 695 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 695 5 0528.2001.00039.x 0528.2001.00039.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 695 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 696 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 696 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 696 3 11236117 11236117 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 696 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 697 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 697 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 697 3 45247771 45247771 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 697 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 2 Giacalone Giacalone NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 3 PL PL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 5 Vignal Vignal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 6 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 8 Daures Daures NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 9 JP JP NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 11 Boulot Boulot NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 12 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 14 Hedon Hedon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 15 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 17 Laffargue Laffargue NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 18 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 20 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 21 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 698 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 3 randomised randomised JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 4 evaluation evaluation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 6 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 7 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 9 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 12 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 13 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 15 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 17 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 19 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 20 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 22 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 23 haemorrhage haemorrhage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 699 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 700 1 BJOG BJOG NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 700 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 701 1 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 701 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 701 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 701 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 701 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 701 6 396–400 396–400 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 701 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 702 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 702 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 702 3 j.1471 j.1471 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 702 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 702 5 0528.2000.tb13236.x 0528.2000.tb13236.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 702 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 703 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 703 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 703 3 10740337 10740337 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 703 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 704 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 704 2 Hantoushzadeh Hantoushzadeh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 704 3 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 704 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 704 5 Alhusseini Alhusseini NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 704 6 N N NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 704 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 704 8 Lebaschi Lebaschi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 704 9 AH AH NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 704 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 704 11 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 704 12 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 704 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 704 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 705 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 705 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 705 3 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 705 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 705 5 acupuncture acupuncture NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 705 6 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 705 7 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 705 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 705 9 nulliparous nulliparous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 705 10 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 705 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 705 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 705 13 randomised randomised JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 705 14 controlled controlled JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 705 15 trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 705 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 705 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 706 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 706 2 Australian australian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 706 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 706 4 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 706 5 Zealand Zealand NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 706 6 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 706 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 706 8 Obstetrics Obstetrics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 706 9 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 706 10 Gynaecology Gynaecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 706 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 707 1 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 707 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 707 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 707 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 707 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 707 6 26–30 26–30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 707 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 708 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 708 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 708 3 j.1479 j.1479 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 708 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 708 5 828X.2006.00674.x 828X.2006.00674.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 708 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 709 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 709 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 709 3 17261096 17261096 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 709 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 710 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 710 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 710 3 23495692 23495692 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 710 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 711 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 711 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 711 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 711 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 711 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 711 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 711 7 Labor Labor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 711 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 711 9 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 711 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 711 11 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 711 12 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 711 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 711 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 712 1 Mayo Mayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 712 2 Clinic Clinic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 712 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 713 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 713 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 713 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 713 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 713 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 713 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 714 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 714 2 Novak Novak NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 714 3 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 714 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 714 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 714 6 Most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3038 714 7 Popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 714 8 Time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 714 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 714 10 Babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 714 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 714 12 Be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 714 13 Born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 714 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 714 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 715 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 715 2 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 715 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 716 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 716 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 716 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 716 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 716 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 716 6 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 716 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 716 8 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 716 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 716 10 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 716 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 717 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 717 2 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 717 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 717 4 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 717 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 717 6 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 717 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 718 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 718 2 Reiter Reiter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 718 3 RJ RJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 718 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 718 5 Tan Tan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 718 6 DX DX NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 718 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 718 8 Korkmaz Korkmaz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 718 9 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 718 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 718 11 Rosales Rosales NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 718 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 718 13 Corral Corral NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 718 14 SA SA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 718 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 718 16 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 718 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 718 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 719 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 719 2 Melatonin Melatonin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 719 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 719 4 stable stable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 719 5 circadian circadian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 719 6 rhythms rhythm NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 719 7 optimize optimize NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 719 8 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 719 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 719 10 placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 719 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 719 12 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 719 13 physiology physiology NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 719 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 719 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 720 1 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 720 2 Reproduction Reproduction NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 720 3 Update Update NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 720 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 721 1 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 721 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 721 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 721 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 721 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 721 6 293–307 293–307 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 721 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 722 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 722 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 722 3 humupd humupd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 722 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 722 5 dmt054 dmt054 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 722 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 723 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 723 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 723 3 24132226 24132226 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 723 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 724 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 724 2 Satin Satin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 724 3 AJ AJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 724 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 724 5 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 724 6 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 724 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 724 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 724 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 724 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 725 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 725 2 Latent latent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 725 3 phase phase NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 725 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 725 5 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 725 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 725 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 726 1 UpToDate uptodate IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 726 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 727 1 Wolters Wolters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 727 2 Kluwer Kluwer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 727 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 728 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 728 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 728 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 728 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 728 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 728 6 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 728 7 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 728 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 728 9 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 728 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 729 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 729 2 subscription subscription NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 729 3 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 729 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 729 5 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3038 729 6 Murray Murray NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 729 7 LJ LJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 729 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 729 9 Hennen Hennen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 729 10 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 729 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 729 12 Scott Scott NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 729 13 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 729 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 729 15 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 729 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 729 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 2 BabyCenter BabyCenter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 3 Essential Essential NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 4 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 6 Pregnancy Pregnancy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 8 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 10 Expert Expert NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 11 Advice Advice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 13 Real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 15 World world NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 16 Wisdom wisdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 19 Top Top NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 20 Pregnancy Pregnancy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 22 Parenting Parenting NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 23 Resource Resource NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 730 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 731 1 Emmaus Emmaus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 731 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 731 3 Pennsylvania Pennsylvania NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 731 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 731 5 Rodale Rodale NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 731 6 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 731 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 732 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 732 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 733 1 294–295 294–295 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 733 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 734 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 734 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 734 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 734 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 734 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 734 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 734 7 59486 59486 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 734 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 734 9 211 211 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 734 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 734 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 734 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 735 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 735 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 735 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 735 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 735 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 735 6 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 735 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 736 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 736 2 Mayo Mayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 736 3 clinic clinic NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 736 4 staff staff NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 736 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 737 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 737 2 Cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 737 3 effacement effacement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 737 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 737 5 dilation dilation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 737 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 737 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 738 1 Mayo Mayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 738 2 Clinic Clinic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 738 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 739 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 739 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 739 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 739 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 739 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 739 6 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 739 7 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 739 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 739 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 740 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 740 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 740 3 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 740 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 740 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 3 WHO who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 4 recommendations recommendation VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 5 Intrapartum Intrapartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 6 care care VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 9 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 10 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 11 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 13 Recommendation recommendation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 14 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 18 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 741 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 742 1 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 742 2 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 742 3 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 742 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 743 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 743 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 743 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 743 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 743 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 743 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 2 Obstetric Obstetric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 3 Data Data NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 4 Definitions Definitions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 5 Issues Issues NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 7 Rationale Rationale NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 9 Change Change NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 10 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 11 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 12 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 13 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 15 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 18 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 19 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 21 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 23 ACOG ACOG NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 744 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 2 Boyle Boyle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 5 Reddy Reddy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 6 UM UM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 8 Landy Landy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 9 HJ HJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 11 Huang Huang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 12 CC CC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 14 Driggers Driggers NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 15 RW RW NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 17 Laughon Laughon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 18 SK SK NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 20 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 21 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 745 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 746 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 746 2 Primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 746 3 cesarean cesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 746 4 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 746 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 746 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 746 7 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 746 8 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 746 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 746 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 747 1 Obstetrics Obstetrics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 747 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 747 3 Gynecology Gynecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 747 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 748 1 122 122 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 748 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 748 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 748 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 748 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 748 6 33–40 33–40 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 748 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 749 1 doi:10.1097 doi:10.1097 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 749 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 749 3 AOG.0b013e3182952242 aog.0b013e3182952242 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 749 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 750 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 750 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 750 3 3713634 3713634 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 750 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 751 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 751 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 751 3 23743454 23743454 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 751 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 752 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 752 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 752 3 WHO who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 752 4 recommendations recommendation VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 752 5 Intrapartum Intrapartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 752 6 care care VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 752 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 752 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 752 9 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 752 10 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 752 11 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 752 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 752 13 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 752 14 # # NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 752 15 3.2.2 3.2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 752 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 752 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 752 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 753 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 753 2 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 753 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 753 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 754 1 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 754 2 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 754 3 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 754 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 755 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 755 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 755 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 755 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 755 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 755 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 756 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 756 2 Zhang Zhang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 756 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 756 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 756 5 Troendle Troendle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 756 6 JF JF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 756 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 756 8 Yancey Yancey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 756 9 MK MK NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 756 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 756 11 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 756 12 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 756 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 756 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 757 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 757 2 Reassessing reassess VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 757 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 757 4 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 757 5 curve curve NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 757 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 757 7 nulliparous nulliparous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 757 8 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 757 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 757 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 758 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 758 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 758 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 758 4 Obstetrics Obstetrics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 758 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 758 6 Gynecology Gynecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 758 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 759 1 187 187 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 759 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 759 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 759 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 759 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 759 6 824–28 824–28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 759 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 760 1 doi:10.1067 doi:10.1067 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 760 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 760 3 mob.2002.127142 mob.2002.127142 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 760 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 761 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 761 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 761 3 12388957 12388957 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 761 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 762 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 762 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 762 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 762 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 762 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 762 6 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 762 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 762 8 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 762 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 762 10 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 762 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 763 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 763 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 763 3 Abnormal Abnormal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 763 4 Labour Labour NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 763 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 763 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 764 1 Medscape Medscape NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 764 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 765 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 765 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 765 3 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 765 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 765 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 765 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 3 WHO who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 4 recommendations recommendation VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 5 Intrapartum Intrapartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 6 care care VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 9 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 10 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 11 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 13 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 14 # # $ en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 15 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 19 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 766 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 767 1 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 767 2 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 767 3 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 767 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 768 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 768 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 768 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 768 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 768 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 768 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 769 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 769 2 Rouse Rouse NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 769 3 DJ DJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 769 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 769 5 Weiner Weiner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 769 6 SJ SJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 769 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 769 8 Bloom Bloom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 769 9 SL SL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 769 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 769 11 Varner Varner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 769 12 MW MW NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 769 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 769 14 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 769 15 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 769 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 770 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 770 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 770 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 770 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 770 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 771 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 771 2 Second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 771 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 771 4 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 771 5 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 771 6 duration duration NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 771 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 771 8 nulliparous nulliparous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 771 9 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 771 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 771 11 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 771 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 771 13 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 771 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 771 15 perinatal perinatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 771 16 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 771 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 771 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 772 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 772 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 772 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 772 4 Obstetrics Obstetrics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 772 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 772 6 Gynecology Gynecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 772 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 773 1 201 201 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 773 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 773 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 773 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 773 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 773 6 357.e1–7 357.e1–7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 773 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 774 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 774 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 774 3 j.ajog.2009.08.003 j.ajog.2009.08.003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 774 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 775 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 775 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 775 3 2768280 2768280 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 775 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 776 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 776 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 776 3 19788967 19788967 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 776 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 777 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 777 2 Jangsten Jangsten NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 777 3 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 777 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 777 5 Mattsson Mattsson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 777 6 LÅ LÅ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 777 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 777 8 Lyckestam Lyckestam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 777 9 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 777 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 777 11 Hellström Hellström NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 777 12 AL AL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 777 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 777 14 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 777 15 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 777 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 778 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 778 2 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 778 3 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 778 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 778 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 3 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 5 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 6 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 8 expectant expectant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 9 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 12 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 13 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 15 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 18 Swedish Swedish NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 19 randomised randomise VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 20 controlled controlled JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 21 trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 779 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 780 1 BJOG BJOG NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 780 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 781 1 118 118 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 781 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 781 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 781 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 781 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 781 6 362–69 362–69 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 781 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 782 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 782 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 782 3 j.1471 j.1471 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 782 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 782 5 0528.2010.02800.x 0528.2010.02800.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 782 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 783 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 783 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 783 3 21134105 21134105 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 783 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 784 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 784 2 Weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 784 3 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 784 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 784 5 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 784 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 784 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 784 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 785 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 785 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 785 3 retained retained JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 785 4 placenta placenta NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 785 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 785 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 786 1 Best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-3038 786 2 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 786 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 786 4 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 786 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 787 1 Clinical Clinical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 787 2 Obstetrics Obstetrics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 787 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 787 4 Gynaecology Gynaecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 787 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 788 1 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 788 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 788 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 788 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 788 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 788 6 1103–17 1103–17 ADD en-wikipedia-org-3038 788 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 789 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 789 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 789 3 j.bpobgyn.2008.07.005 j.bpobgyn.2008.07.005 JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 789 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 790 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 790 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 790 3 18793876 18793876 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 790 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 791 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 791 2 Ball Ball NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 791 3 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 791 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 791 5 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 791 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 791 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 791 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 792 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 792 2 Active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 792 3 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 792 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 792 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 792 6 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 792 7 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 792 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 792 9 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 792 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 792 11 rare rare JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 792 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 792 13 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 792 14 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 792 15 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 792 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 792 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 793 1 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 793 2 Perspectives Perspectives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 793 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 793 4 Sexual Sexual NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 793 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 793 6 Reproductive Reproductive NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 793 7 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 793 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 794 1 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 794 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 794 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 794 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 794 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 795 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 795 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 795 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 795 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 795 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 795 6 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 795 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 795 8 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 795 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 795 10 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 795 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 796 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 796 2 Stanton Stanton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 796 3 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 796 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 796 5 Armbruster Armbruster NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 796 6 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 796 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 796 8 Knight Knight NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 796 9 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 796 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 796 11 Ariawan Ariawan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 796 12 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 796 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 796 14 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 796 15 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 796 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 797 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 797 2 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 797 3 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 797 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 797 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 798 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 798 2 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 798 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 798 4 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 798 5 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 798 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 798 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 798 8 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 798 9 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 798 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 798 11 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 798 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 798 13 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 798 14 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 798 15 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 798 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 798 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 799 1 Bulletin bulletin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 799 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 799 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 799 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 799 5 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 799 6 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 799 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 800 1 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 800 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 800 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 800 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 800 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 800 6 207–15 207–15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 800 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 801 1 doi:10.2471 doi:10.2471 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 801 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 801 3 BLT.08.052597 blt.08.052597 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 801 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 802 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 802 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 802 3 2654655 2654655 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 802 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 803 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 803 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 803 3 19377717 19377717 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 803 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 804 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 804 2 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 804 3 Confederation Confederation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 804 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 804 5 Midwives Midwives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 804 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 804 7 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 804 8 Federation Federation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 804 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 804 10 Gynaecologists Gynaecologists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 804 11 Obstetricians Obstetricians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 804 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 804 13 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 804 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 804 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 805 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 805 2 Joint joint JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 805 3 statement statement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 805 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 805 5 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 805 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 805 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 805 8 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 805 9 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 805 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 805 11 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 805 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 805 13 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 805 14 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 805 15 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 805 16 partum partum JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 805 17 haemorrhage haemorrhage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 805 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 805 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 806 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 806 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 806 3 Midwifery Midwifery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 806 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 806 5 Women Women NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 806 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 806 7 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 806 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 807 1 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 807 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 807 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 807 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 807 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 807 6 76–77 76–77 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 807 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 808 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 808 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 808 3 j.jmwh.2003.11.005 j.jmwh.2003.11.005 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 808 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 809 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 809 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 809 3 14710151 14710151 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 809 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 810 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 810 2 Mathai Mathai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 810 3 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 810 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 810 5 Gülmezoglu Gülmezoglu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 810 6 AM am NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 810 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 810 8 Hill Hill NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 810 9 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 810 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 810 11 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 810 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 810 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 811 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 811 2 WHO who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 811 3 recommendations recommendation VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 811 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 811 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 811 6 prevention prevention NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 811 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 811 8 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 811 9 haemorrhage haemorrhage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 811 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 811 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 811 12 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 811 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 811 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 812 1 Geneva Geneva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 812 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 812 3 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 812 4 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 812 5 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 812 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 812 7 Department Department NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 812 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 812 9 Making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 812 10 Pregnancy Pregnancy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 812 11 Safer Safer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 812 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 813 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 813 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 813 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 813 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 813 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 813 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 813 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 813 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 813 9 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 813 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 813 11 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 813 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 813 13 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 813 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 1 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 2 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 4 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 9 McDonald McDonald NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 10 SJ SJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 12 Middleton Middleton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 13 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 15 Dowswell Dowswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 16 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 18 Morris Morris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 19 PS PS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 21 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 22 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 814 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 815 1 McDonald McDonald NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 815 2 SJ SJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 815 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 815 4 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 815 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 815 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 815 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 816 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 816 2 Effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 816 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 816 4 timing timing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 816 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 816 6 umbilical umbilical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 816 7 cord cord NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 816 8 clamping clamp VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 816 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 816 10 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 816 11 infants infant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 816 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 816 13 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 816 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 816 15 neonatal neonatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 816 16 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 816 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 816 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 817 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 817 2 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 817 3 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 817 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 817 5 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 817 6 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 817 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 818 1 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 818 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 818 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 818 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 818 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 818 6 CD004074 CD004074 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 818 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 819 1 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004074.pub3 doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004074.pub3 UH en-wikipedia-org-3038 819 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 820 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 820 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 820 3 6544813 6544813 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 820 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 821 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 821 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 821 3 23843134 23843134 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 821 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 822 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 822 2 Campbell Campbell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 822 3 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 822 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 822 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 822 6 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 822 7 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 822 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 822 9 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 822 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 822 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 823 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 823 2 Hospitals hospital NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 823 3 warned warn VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 823 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 823 5 delay delay VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 823 6 cutting cut VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 823 7 umbilical umbilical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 823 8 cords cord NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 823 9 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 823 10 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 823 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 823 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 824 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 824 2 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 824 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 825 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 825 2 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 825 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 825 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 825 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 825 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 826 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 826 2 Gjerdingen Gjerdingen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 826 3 DK DK NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 826 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 826 5 Froberg Froberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 826 6 DG DG NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 826 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 826 8 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 826 9 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 826 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 826 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 3 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 4 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 6 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 9 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 11 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 12 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 14 adoptive adoptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 15 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 17 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 19 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 20 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 827 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 828 1 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 828 2 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 828 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 829 1 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 829 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 829 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 829 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 829 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 829 6 29–35 29–35 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 829 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 830 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 830 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 830 3 2001778 2001778 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 830 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 831 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 831 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 831 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 831 4 WHO who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 831 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 831 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 831 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 831 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 832 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 832 2 WHO who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 832 3 recommendations recommendation VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 832 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 832 5 postnatal postnatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 832 6 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 832 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 832 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 832 9 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 832 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 832 11 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 832 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 832 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 833 1 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 833 2 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 833 3 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 833 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 834 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 834 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 834 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 834 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 834 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 834 6 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 834 7 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 834 8 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 834 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 835 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 835 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 835 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 835 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 835 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 836 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 836 2 Whitaker Whitaker NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 836 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 836 4 Amy Amy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 836 5 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 836 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 836 7 Chen Chen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 836 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 836 9 Beatrice Beatrice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 836 10 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 837 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 837 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 837 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 837 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 837 5 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 837 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 837 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 838 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 838 2 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 838 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 838 4 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 838 5 Planning Planning NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 838 6 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 838 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 838 8 Postplacental postplacental JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 838 9 insertion insertion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 838 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 838 11 intrauterine intrauterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 838 12 devices device NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 838 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 838 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 839 1 Contraception contraception NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 839 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 839 3 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 839 4 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 839 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 839 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 839 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 840 1 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 840 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 840 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 840 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 840 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 840 6 2–13 2–13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 840 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 841 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 841 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 841 3 j.contraception.2017.09.014 j.contraception.2017.09.014 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 841 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 842 1 ISSN ISSN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 842 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 842 3 0010 0010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 842 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 842 5 7824 7824 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 842 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 843 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 843 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 843 3 28987293 28987293 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 843 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 844 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 844 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 844 3 Immediate Immediate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 844 4 Postpartum Postpartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 844 5 Long long RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 844 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 844 7 Acting Acting NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 844 8 Reversible Reversible NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 844 9 Contraception Contraception NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 844 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 844 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 845 1 www.acog.org www.acog.org XX en-wikipedia-org-3038 845 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 846 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 846 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 846 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 846 4 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 846 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 846 6 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 846 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 847 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 847 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 847 3 Postpartum Postpartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 847 4 Assessment Assessment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 847 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 847 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 848 1 ATI ATI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 848 2 Nursing Nursing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 848 3 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 848 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 849 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 849 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 849 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 849 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 849 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 849 6 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 849 7 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 849 8 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 849 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 850 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 850 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 850 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 850 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 850 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 851 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 851 2 Mayo Mayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 851 3 clinic clinic NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 851 4 staff staff NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 851 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 852 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 852 2 Postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 852 3 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 852 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 852 5 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 852 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 852 7 expect expect VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 852 8 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 852 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 852 10 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 852 11 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 852 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 852 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 853 1 Mayo Mayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 853 2 Clinic Clinic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 853 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 854 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 854 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 854 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 854 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 854 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 854 6 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 854 7 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 854 8 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 854 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 855 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 855 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 855 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 855 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 855 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 856 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 856 2 Saloojee Saloojee NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 856 3 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 856 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 856 5 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 856 6 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 856 7 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 856 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 856 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 857 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 857 2 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 857 3 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 857 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 857 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 857 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 857 7 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 857 8 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 857 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 857 10 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 857 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 857 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 857 13 healthy healthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 857 14 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 857 15 infants infant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 857 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 857 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 858 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 858 2 WHO WHO NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 858 3 Reproductive Reproductive NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 858 4 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 858 5 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 858 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 859 1 WHO who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 859 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 860 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 860 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 860 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 860 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 860 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 860 6 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 860 7 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 860 8 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 860 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 861 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 861 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 861 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 861 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 861 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 862 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 862 2 Crenshaw Crenshaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 862 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 862 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 862 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 862 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 862 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 2 Care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 3 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 4 # # $ en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 5 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 7 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 8 separation separation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 10 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 12 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 15 unlimited unlimited JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 16 opportunities opportunity NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 18 breastfeeding breastfeed VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 863 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 864 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 864 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 864 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 864 4 Perinatal Perinatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 864 5 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 864 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 865 1 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 865 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 865 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 865 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 865 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 865 6 39–43 39–43 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 865 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 866 1 doi:10.1624/105812407X217147 doi:10.1624/105812407x217147 UH en-wikipedia-org-3038 866 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 867 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 867 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 867 3 1948089 1948089 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 867 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 868 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 868 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 868 3 18566647 18566647 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 868 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 869 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 869 2 Moore Moore NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 869 3 ER ER NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 869 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 869 5 Bergman Bergman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 869 6 N N NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 869 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 869 8 Anderson Anderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 869 9 GC GC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 869 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 869 11 Medley Medley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 869 12 N N NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 869 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 869 14 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 869 15 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 869 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 869 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 870 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 870 2 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 870 3 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 870 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 870 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 870 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 870 7 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 870 8 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 870 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 870 10 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 870 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 870 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 870 13 healthy healthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 870 14 newborn newborn JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 870 15 infants infant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 870 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 870 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 871 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 871 2 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 871 3 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 871 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 871 5 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 871 6 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 871 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 872 1 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 872 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 872 3 CD003519 CD003519 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 872 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 873 1 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003519.pub4 doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003519.pub4 UH en-wikipedia-org-3038 873 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 874 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 874 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 874 3 3979156 3979156 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 874 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 875 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 875 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 875 3 27885658 27885658 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 875 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 2 Mozurkewich Mozurkewich NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 3 EL EL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 5 Chilimigras Chilimigras NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 6 JL JL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 8 Berman Berman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 9 DR DR NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 11 Perni Perni NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 12 UC UC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 14 Romero Romero NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 15 VC VC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 17 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 18 VJ VJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 20 Keeton Keeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 21 KL KL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 23 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 24 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 876 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 877 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 877 2 Methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 877 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 877 4 induction induction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 877 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 877 6 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 877 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 877 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 877 9 systematic systematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 877 10 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 877 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 877 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 878 1 BMC BMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 878 2 Pregnancy Pregnancy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 878 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 878 4 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 878 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 879 1 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 879 2 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 879 3 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 879 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 879 5 doi:10.1186/1471 doi:10.1186/1471 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 879 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 879 7 2393 2393 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 879 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 879 9 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 879 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 879 11 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 879 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 880 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 880 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 880 3 3224350 3224350 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 880 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 881 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 881 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 881 3 22032440 22032440 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 881 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 5 Rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 7 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 8 cesarean cesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 9 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 11 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 12 cesarean cesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 13 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 16 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 17 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 18 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 19 cesarean cesarean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 21 VBAC VBAC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 24 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 25 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 27 1989–2010 1989–2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 30 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 882 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 883 1 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 883 2 Connection Connection NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 883 3 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 883 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 884 1 Relentless relentless JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 884 2 Rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 884 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 884 4 Cesarian cesarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 884 5 Rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 884 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 885 1 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 885 2 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 885 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 886 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 886 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 886 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 886 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 886 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 886 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 886 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 886 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 886 9 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 886 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 886 11 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 886 12 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 886 13 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 886 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 887 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 887 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 887 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 887 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 887 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 887 6 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 887 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 2 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 3 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 5 Oshiro Oshiro NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 6 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 8 Chagolla Chagolla NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 9 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 11 Bingham Bingham NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 12 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 14 Dang Dang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 16 Kilduff Kilduff NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 17 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 19 Kowalewski Kowalewski NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 20 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 22 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 23 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 888 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 2 Elimination Elimination NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 4 Non Non NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 5 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 6 medically medically RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 7 Indicated indicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 9 Elective Elective NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 11 Deliveries delivery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 12 Before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 13 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 14 Weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 15 Gestational Gestational NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 16 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 18 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 19 Maternal Maternal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 20 Quality Quality NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 21 Care Care NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 22 Collaborative Collaborative NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 23 Toolkit Toolkit VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 25 Transform Transform NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 26 Maternity Maternity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 27 Care Care NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 31 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 889 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 1 Developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 2 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 3 contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 4 # # $ en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 5 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 6 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 7 85012 85012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 10 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 11 Department Department NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 13 Public Public NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 14 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 16 Maternal Maternal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 18 Child Child NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 20 Adolescent Adolescent NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 21 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 22 Division Division NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 890 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 891 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 891 2 1st 1st NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 891 3 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 891 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 891 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 891 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 892 1 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 892 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 892 3 Dimes Dimes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 892 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 893 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 893 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 893 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 893 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 893 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 893 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 893 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 893 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 893 9 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 893 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 893 11 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 893 12 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 893 13 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 893 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 894 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 894 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 894 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 894 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 894 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 894 6 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 894 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 1 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 2 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 4 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 8 ^ ^ VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 10 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 11 Declines Declines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 13 Induction Induction NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 15 Labor Labor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 17 Gestational Gestational NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 18 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 895 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 896 1 Centers center NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 896 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 896 3 Disease Disease NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 896 4 Control Control NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 896 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 896 6 Prevention Prevention NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 896 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 897 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 897 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 897 3 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 897 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 897 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 897 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 2 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 3 JA JA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 5 Hamilton Hamilton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 6 BE BE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 8 Sutton Sutton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 9 PD PD NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 11 Ventura Ventura NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 12 SJ SJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 14 Mathews Mathews NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 15 TJ TJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 17 Kirmeyer Kirmeyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 18 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 20 Osterman Osterman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 21 MJ MJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 23 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 24 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 898 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 899 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 899 2 Births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 899 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 899 4 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 899 5 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 899 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 899 7 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 899 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 899 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 899 10 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 899 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 899 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 2 Vital Vital NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 3 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 4 Reports Reports NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 7 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 9 Centers Centers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 11 Disease Disease NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 12 Control Control NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 14 Prevention Prevention NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 16 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 17 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 19 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 20 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 22 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 23 Vital Vital NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 24 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 25 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 900 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 901 1 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 901 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 901 3 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 901 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 901 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 901 6 1–85 1–85 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 901 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 902 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 902 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 902 3 21254725 21254725 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 902 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 903 1 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 903 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 903 3 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 903 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 903 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 903 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 903 7 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 903 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 903 9 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 903 10 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 903 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 903 12 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 903 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 904 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 904 2 ACOG ACOG NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 904 3 District District NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 904 4 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 904 5 Patient Patient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 904 6 Safety Safety NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 904 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 904 8 Quality Quality NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 904 9 Improvement Improvement NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 904 10 Committee Committee NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 904 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 904 12 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 904 13 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 904 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 904 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 905 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 905 2 Oxytocin Oxytocin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 905 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 905 4 Induction Induction NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 905 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 905 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 905 7 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 905 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 905 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 906 1 Optimizing optimize VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 906 2 Protocols Protocols NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 906 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 906 4 Obstetrics Obstetrics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 906 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 907 1 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 907 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 907 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 908 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 908 2 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 908 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 908 4 Obstetricians Obstetricians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 908 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 908 6 Gynecologists Gynecologists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 908 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 908 8 ACOG ACOG NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 908 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 908 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 909 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 909 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 909 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 909 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 909 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 909 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 909 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 909 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 909 9 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 909 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 909 11 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 909 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 909 13 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 909 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 910 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 910 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 910 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 910 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 910 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 910 6 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 910 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 911 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 911 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 911 3 Share share NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 911 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 911 5 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 911 6 attended attend VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 911 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 911 8 skilled skilled JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 911 9 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 911 10 staff staff NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 911 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 911 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 912 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 912 2 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 912 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 912 4 Data Data NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 912 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 913 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 913 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 913 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 913 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 913 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 914 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 914 2 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 914 3 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 914 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 914 5 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 914 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 914 7 Care Care NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 914 8 Excellence Excellence NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 914 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 915 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 915 2 Intrapartum Intrapartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 915 3 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 915 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 915 5 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 915 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 915 7 healthy healthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 915 8 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 915 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 915 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 915 11 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 915 12 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 915 13 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 915 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 915 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 916 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 916 2 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 916 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 916 4 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 916 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 916 6 Care Care NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 916 7 Excellence Excellence NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 916 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 917 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 917 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 917 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 917 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 917 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 917 6 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 917 7 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 917 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 917 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 918 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 918 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 918 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 918 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 918 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 919 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 919 2 Tranmer Tranmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 919 3 JE JE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 919 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 919 5 Hodnett Hodnett NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 919 6 ED ED NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 919 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 919 8 Hannah Hannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 919 9 ME ME NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 919 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 919 11 Stevens Stevens NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 919 12 BJ BJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 919 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 919 14 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 919 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 919 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 920 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 920 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 920 3 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 920 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 920 5 unrestricted unrestricte VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 920 6 oral oral JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 920 7 carbohydrate carbohydrate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 920 8 intake intake NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 920 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 920 10 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 920 11 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 920 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 920 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 921 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 921 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 921 3 Obstetric Obstetric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 921 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 921 5 Gynecologic Gynecologic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 921 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 921 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 921 8 Neonatal Neonatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 921 9 Nursing Nursing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 921 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 922 1 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 922 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 922 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 922 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 922 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 922 6 319–28 319–28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 922 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 923 1 doi:10.1177/0884217505276155 doi:10.1177/0884217505276155 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 923 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 924 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 924 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 924 3 15890830 15890830 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 924 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 925 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 925 2 O'Sullivan O'Sullivan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 925 3 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 925 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 925 5 Scrutton Scrutton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 925 6 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 925 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 925 8 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 925 9 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 925 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 925 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 926 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 926 2 NPO NPO NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 926 3 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 926 4 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 926 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 927 1 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 927 2 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3038 927 3 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 927 4 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 927 5 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 927 6 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3038 927 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 927 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 928 1 Anesthesiology Anesthesiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 928 2 Clinics Clinics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 928 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 928 4 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 928 5 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 928 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 929 1 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 929 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 929 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 929 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 929 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 929 6 87–98 87–98 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 929 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 930 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 930 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 930 3 S0889 S0889 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 930 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 930 5 8537(02)00029 8537(02)00029 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 930 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 930 7 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 930 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 931 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 931 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 931 3 12698834 12698834 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 931 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 932 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 932 2 Singata Singata NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 932 3 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 932 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 932 5 Tranmer Tranmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 932 6 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 932 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 932 8 Gyte Gyte NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 932 9 GM GM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 932 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 932 11 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 932 12 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 932 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 932 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 933 1 Singata Singata NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 933 2 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 933 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 933 4 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 933 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 933 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 933 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 934 1 Pregnancy Pregnancy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 934 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 934 3 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 934 4 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 934 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 935 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 935 2 Restricting restrict VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 935 3 oral oral JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 935 4 fluid fluid NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 935 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 935 6 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 935 7 intake intake NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 935 8 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 935 9 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 935 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 935 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 936 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 936 2 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 936 3 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 936 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 936 5 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 936 6 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 936 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 937 1 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 937 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 937 3 8) 8) CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 937 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 937 5 CD003930 CD003930 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 937 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 938 1 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003930.pub3 doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003930.pub3 UH en-wikipedia-org-3038 938 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 939 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 939 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 939 3 4175539 4175539 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 939 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 940 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 940 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 940 3 23966209 23966209 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 940 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 941 1 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 941 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 941 3 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3038 941 4 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 941 5 Summaries Summaries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 941 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 941 7 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 941 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 941 9 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 941 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 941 11 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 941 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 941 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 942 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 942 2 Basevi Basevi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 942 3 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 942 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 942 5 Lavender Lavender NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 942 6 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 942 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 942 8 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 942 9 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 942 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 942 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 943 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 943 2 Routine routine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 943 3 perineal perineal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 943 4 shaving shaving NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 943 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 943 6 admission admission NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 943 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 943 8 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 943 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 943 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 944 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 944 2 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 944 3 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 944 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 944 5 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 944 6 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 944 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 944 8 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 944 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 944 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 944 11 CD001236 cd001236 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 944 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 945 1 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001236.pub2 doi:10.1002/14651858.cd001236.pub2 UH en-wikipedia-org-3038 945 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 946 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 946 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 946 3 7076285 7076285 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 946 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 947 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 947 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 947 3 25398160 25398160 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 947 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 948 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 948 2 Lumbiganon Lumbiganon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 948 3 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 948 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 948 5 Thinkhamrop Thinkhamrop NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 948 6 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 948 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 948 8 Thinkhamrop Thinkhamrop NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 948 9 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 948 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 948 11 Tolosa Tolosa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 948 12 JE JE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 948 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 948 14 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 948 15 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 948 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 948 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 2 Vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 3 chlorhexidine chlorhexidine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 4 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 5 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 7 preventing prevent VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 8 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 10 neonatal neonatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 11 infections infection NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 13 excluding exclude VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 14 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 15 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 16 Streptococcal Streptococcal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 18 HIV HIV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 949 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 950 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 950 2 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 950 3 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 950 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 950 5 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 950 6 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 950 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 951 1 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 951 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 951 3 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 951 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 951 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 951 6 CD004070 cd004070 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 951 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 952 1 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004070.pub3 doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004070.pub3 UH en-wikipedia-org-3038 952 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 953 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 953 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 953 3 7104295 7104295 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 953 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 954 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 954 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 954 3 25218725 25218725 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 954 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 2 Haas Haas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 7 Morgan Morgan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 9 Sarah Sarah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 11 Contreras Contreras NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 13 Karenrose Karenrose NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 15 Kimball Kimball NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 17 Savannah Savannah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 19 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 20 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 21 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 955 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 956 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 956 2 Vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 956 3 preparation preparation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 956 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 956 5 antiseptic antiseptic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 956 6 solution solution NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 956 7 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 956 8 cesarean cesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 956 9 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 956 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 956 11 preventing prevent VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 956 12 postoperative postoperative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 956 13 infections infection NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 956 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 956 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 957 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 957 2 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 957 3 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 957 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 957 5 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 957 6 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 957 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 958 1 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 958 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 958 3 CD007892 cd007892 ADD en-wikipedia-org-3038 958 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 959 1 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007892.pub7 doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007892.pub7 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 959 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 960 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 960 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 960 3 1469 1469 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 960 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 960 5 493X. 493x. CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 961 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 961 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 961 3 7195184 7195184 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 961 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 962 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 962 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 962 3 32335895 32335895 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 962 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 963 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 963 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 963 3 Forceps forceps NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 963 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 963 5 vacuum vacuum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 963 6 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 963 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 963 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 964 1 NHS NHS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 964 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 965 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 965 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 965 3 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 965 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 965 5 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 965 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 2 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 3 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 5 Othman Othman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 6 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 8 Dowswell Dowswell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 9 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 11 Alfirevic Alfirevic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 12 Z Z NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 14 Gates Gates NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 15 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 17 Newburn Newburn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 18 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 20 Jordan Jordan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 21 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 23 Lavender Lavender NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 24 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 26 Neilson Neilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 27 JP JP NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 29 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 30 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 966 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 967 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 967 2 Pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 967 3 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 967 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 967 5 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 967 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 967 7 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 967 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 967 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 967 10 overview overview NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 967 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 967 12 systematic systematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 967 13 reviews review NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 967 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 967 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 968 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 968 2 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 968 3 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 968 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 968 5 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 968 6 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 968 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 969 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 969 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 969 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 969 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 969 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 969 6 CD009234 CD009234 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 969 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 970 1 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009234.pub2 doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009234.pub2 UH en-wikipedia-org-3038 970 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 971 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 971 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 971 3 7132546 7132546 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 971 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 972 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 972 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 972 3 22419342 22419342 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 972 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 3 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 5 Pediatrics Pediatrics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 6 Committee Committee NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 8 Fetus Fetus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 9 Newborn Newborn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 11 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 12 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 14 Obstetricians Obstetricians NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 15 Gynecologists Gynecologists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 16 Committee Committee NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 18 Obstetric Obstetric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 19 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 21 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 22 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 973 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 974 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 974 2 Immersion immersion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 974 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 974 4 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 974 5 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 974 6 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 974 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 974 8 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 974 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 974 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 975 1 Pediatrics pediatric NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 975 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 976 1 133 133 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 976 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 976 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 976 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 976 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 976 6 758–61 758–61 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 976 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 977 1 doi:10.1542 doi:10.1542 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 977 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 977 3 peds.2013 peds.2013 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 977 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 977 5 3794 3794 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 977 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 978 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 978 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 978 3 24652300 24652300 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 978 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 2 Bohren Bohren NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 3 MA MA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 5 Hofmeyr Hofmeyr NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 6 GJ GJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 8 Sakala Sakala NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 9 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 11 Fukuzawa Fukuzawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 12 RK RK NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 14 Cuthbert Cuthbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 15 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 17 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 18 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 979 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 980 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 980 2 Continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 980 3 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 980 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 980 5 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 980 6 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 980 7 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 980 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 980 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 981 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 981 2 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 981 3 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 981 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 981 5 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 981 6 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 981 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 982 1 7 7 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 982 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 982 3 CD003766 CD003766 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 982 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 983 1 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003766.pub6 doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003766.pub6 UH en-wikipedia-org-3038 983 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 984 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 984 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 984 3 6483123 6483123 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 984 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 985 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 985 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 985 3 28681500 28681500 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 985 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 986 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 986 2 Caughey Caughey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 986 3 AB AB NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 986 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 986 5 Cahill Cahill NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 986 6 AG AG NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 986 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 986 8 Guise Guise NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 986 9 JM JM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 986 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 986 11 Rouse Rouse NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 986 12 DJ DJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 986 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 986 14 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 986 15 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 986 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 986 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 987 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 987 2 Safe safe JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 987 3 prevention prevention NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 987 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 987 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 987 6 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 987 7 cesarean cesarean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 987 8 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 987 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 987 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 988 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 988 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 988 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 988 4 Obstetrics Obstetrics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 988 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 988 6 Gynecology Gynecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 988 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 989 1 210 210 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 989 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 989 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 989 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 989 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 989 6 179–93 179–93 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 989 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 990 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 990 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 990 3 j.ajog.2014.01.026 j.ajog.2014.01.026 JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 990 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 991 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 991 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 991 3 24565430 24565430 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 991 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 992 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 992 2 Lancashire Lancashire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 992 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 992 4 Liz Liz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 992 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 992 6 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 992 7 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 992 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 992 9 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 992 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 992 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 993 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 993 2 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 993 3 Administration Administration NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 993 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 993 5 Midwives Midwives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 993 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 993 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 994 1 Norfolk Norfolk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 994 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 994 3 Norwich Norwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 994 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 994 5 Hospitals Hospitals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 994 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 995 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 995 2 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 995 3 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 995 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 995 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 995 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 996 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 996 2 Thorp Thorp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 996 3 JA JA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 996 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 996 5 Breedlove Breedlove NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 996 6 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 996 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 996 8 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 996 9 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 996 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 996 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 997 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 997 2 Epidural epidural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 997 3 analgesia analgesia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 997 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 997 5 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 997 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 997 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 997 8 evaluation evaluation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 997 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 997 10 risks risk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 997 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 997 12 benefits benefit NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 997 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 997 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 998 1 Birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 998 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 999 1 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 999 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 999 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 999 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 999 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 999 6 63–83 63–83 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 999 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1000 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1000 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1000 3 j.1523 j.1523 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1000 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1000 5 536X.1996.tb00833.x 536X.1996.tb00833.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1000 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1001 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1001 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1001 3 8826170 8826170 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1001 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 4 Anim Anim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 6 Somuah Somuah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 7 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 9 Smyth Smyth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 10 RM RM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 12 Cyna Cyna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 13 AM AM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 15 Cuthbert Cuthbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 16 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 18 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 19 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1002 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1003 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1003 2 Epidural epidural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1003 3 versus versus IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1003 4 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1003 5 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1003 6 epidural epidural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1003 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1003 8 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1003 9 analgesia analgesia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1003 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1003 11 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1003 12 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1003 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1003 14 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1003 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1003 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1004 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1004 2 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1004 3 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1004 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1004 5 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1004 6 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1004 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1005 1 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1005 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1005 3 CD000331 CD000331 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1005 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1006 1 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000331.pub4 doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000331.pub4 UH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1006 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1007 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1007 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1007 3 6494646 6494646 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1007 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1008 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1008 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1008 3 29781504 29781504 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1008 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1009 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1009 2 Alehagen Alehagen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1009 3 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1009 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1009 5 Wijma Wijma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1009 6 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1009 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1009 8 Lundberg Lundberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1009 9 U U NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1009 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1009 11 Wijma Wijma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1009 12 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1009 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1009 14 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1009 15 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1009 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1009 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1010 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1010 2 Fear fear NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1010 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1010 4 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1010 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1010 6 stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1010 7 hormones hormone NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1010 8 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1010 9 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1010 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1010 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1011 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1011 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1011 3 Psychosomatic Psychosomatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1011 4 Obstetrics Obstetrics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1011 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1011 6 Gynaecology Gynaecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1011 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1012 1 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1012 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1012 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1012 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1012 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1012 6 153–65 153–65 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1012 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1013 1 doi:10.1080/01443610400023072 doi:10.1080/01443610400023072 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1013 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1014 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1014 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1014 3 16295513 16295513 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1014 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1015 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1015 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1015 3 44646591 44646591 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1015 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1016 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1016 2 Loftus Loftus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1016 3 JR JR NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1016 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1016 5 Hill Hill NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1016 6 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1016 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1016 8 Cohen Cohen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1016 9 SE SE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1016 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1016 11 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1016 12 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1016 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1016 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1017 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1017 2 Placental placental JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1017 3 transfer transfer NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1017 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1017 5 neonatal neonatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1017 6 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1017 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1017 8 epidural epidural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1017 9 sufentanil sufentanil NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1017 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1017 11 fentanyl fentanyl NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1017 12 administered administer VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1017 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1017 14 bupivacaine bupivacaine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1017 15 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1017 16 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1017 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1017 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1018 1 Anesthesiology Anesthesiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1018 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1019 1 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1019 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1019 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1019 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1019 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1019 6 300–308 300–308 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1019 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1020 1 doi:10.1097/00000542 doi:10.1097/00000542 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1020 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1020 3 199508000 199508000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1020 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1020 5 00010 00010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1020 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1021 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1021 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1021 3 7631952 7631952 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1021 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1022 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1022 2 Wei Wei NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1022 3 SQ SQ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1022 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1022 5 Luo Luo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1022 6 ZC ZC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1022 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1022 8 Xu Xu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1022 9 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1022 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1022 11 Fraser Fraser NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1022 12 WD WD NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1022 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1022 14 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1022 15 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1022 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1022 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1023 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1023 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1023 3 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1023 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1023 5 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1023 6 oxytocin oxytocin JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1023 7 augmentation augmentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1023 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1023 9 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1023 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1023 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1023 12 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1023 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1023 14 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1023 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1023 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1024 1 Obstetrics Obstetrics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1024 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1024 3 Gynecology Gynecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1024 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1025 1 114 114 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1025 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1025 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1025 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1025 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1025 6 641–49 641–49 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1025 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1026 1 doi:10.1097 doi:10.1097 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1026 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1026 3 AOG.0b013e3181b11cb8 AOG.0b013e3181b11cb8 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1026 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1027 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1027 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1027 3 19701046 19701046 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1027 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1028 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1028 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1028 3 29571476 29571476 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1028 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1029 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1029 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1029 3 Recommendations recommendation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1029 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1029 5 Augmentation augmentation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1029 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1029 7 Labour Labour NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1029 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1029 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1029 10 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1029 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1029 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1030 1 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1030 2 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1030 3 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1030 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1031 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1031 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1031 3 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1031 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1031 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1031 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1032 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1032 2 Jiang Jiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1032 3 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1032 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1032 5 Qian Qian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1032 6 X X NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1032 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1032 8 Carroli Carroli NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1032 9 G g NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1032 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1032 11 Garner Garner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1032 12 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1032 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1032 14 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1032 15 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1032 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1032 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1033 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1033 2 Selective selective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1033 3 versus versus IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1033 4 routine routine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1033 5 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1033 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1033 7 episiotomy episiotomy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1033 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1033 9 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1033 10 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1033 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1033 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1034 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1034 2 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1034 3 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1034 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1034 5 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1034 6 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1034 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1035 1 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1035 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1035 3 CD000081 cd000081 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1035 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1036 1 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000081.pub3 doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000081.pub3 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1036 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1037 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1037 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1037 3 5449575 5449575 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1037 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1038 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1038 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1038 3 28176333 28176333 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1038 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 2 Bastos Bastos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 4 Maria Maria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 5 Helena Helena NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 7 Furuta Furuta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 9 Marie Marie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 11 Small Small NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 13 Rhonda Rhonda NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 15 McKenzie McKenzie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 17 McHarg McHarg NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 19 Kirstie Kirstie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 21 Bick Bick NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 23 Debra Debra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 25 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 27 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 28 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 29 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1039 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1040 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1040 2 Debriefing debrief VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1040 3 interventions intervention NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1040 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1040 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1040 6 prevention prevention NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1040 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1040 8 psychological psychological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1040 9 trauma trauma NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1040 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1040 11 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1040 12 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1040 13 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1040 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1040 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1041 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1041 2 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1041 3 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1041 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1041 5 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1041 6 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1041 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1041 8 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1041 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1041 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1041 11 CD007194 cd007194 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1041 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1042 1 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007194.pub2 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007194.pub2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1042 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1043 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1043 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1043 3 1469 1469 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1043 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1043 5 493X. 493x. CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1044 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1044 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1044 3 25858181 25858181 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1044 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1045 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1045 2 Vernon Vernon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1045 3 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1045 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1045 5 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1045 6 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1045 7 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1045 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1045 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1046 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1046 2 Men Men NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1046 3 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1046 4 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1046 5 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1046 6 Should Should MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1046 7 Your -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1046 8 Bloke bloke NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1046 9 Be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1046 10 There there RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1046 11 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1046 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1046 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1047 1 BellyBelly.com.au bellybelly.com.au UH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1047 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1048 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1048 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1048 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1048 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1048 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1048 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1048 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1048 8 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1048 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1048 10 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1048 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1049 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1049 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1049 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1049 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1049 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1049 6 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1049 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 2 Bohren Bohren NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 4 MA MA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 6 Hofmeyr Hofmeyr NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 8 GJ GJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 10 Sakala Sakala NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 12 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 14 Fukuzawa Fukuzawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 16 RK RK NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 18 Cuthbert Cuthbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 20 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 22 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 23 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 24 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1050 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1051 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1051 2 Continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1051 3 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1051 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1051 5 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1051 6 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1051 7 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1051 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1051 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1052 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1052 2 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1052 3 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1052 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1052 5 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1052 6 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1052 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1053 1 7 7 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1053 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1053 3 CD003766 CD003766 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1053 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1054 1 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003766.pub6 doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003766.pub6 UH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1054 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1055 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1055 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1055 3 6483123 6483123 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1055 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1056 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1056 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1056 3 28681500 28681500 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1056 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1057 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1057 2 Hammond Hammond NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1057 3 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1057 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1057 5 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1057 6 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1057 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1057 8 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1057 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1057 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1058 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1058 2 Tocodynamometer Tocodynamometer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1058 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1058 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1059 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1059 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1059 3 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1059 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1059 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1059 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1059 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1059 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1060 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1060 2 Medical Medical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1060 3 Equipment Equipment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1060 4 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1060 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1061 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1061 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1061 3 Chapman Chapman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1061 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1061 5 Hall Hall NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1061 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1062 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1062 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1062 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1062 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1062 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1062 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1062 7 412 412 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1062 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1062 9 28290 28290 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1062 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1062 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1062 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1063 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1063 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1063 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1063 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1063 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1063 6 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1063 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1063 8 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1063 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1063 10 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1063 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1064 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1064 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1064 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1064 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1064 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1064 6 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1064 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1065 1 Online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1065 2 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1065 3 accessed access VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1065 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 2 Alfirevic Alfirevic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 4 Zarko Zarko NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 6 Gyte Gyte NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 8 Gillian Gillian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 9 ML ML NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 11 Cuthbert Cuthbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 13 Anna Anna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 15 Devane Devane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 17 Declan Declan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 19 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1066 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 2 Continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 3 cardiotocography cardiotocography NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 5 CTG CTG NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 9 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 11 electronic electronic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 12 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 13 monitoring monitoring NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 15 EFM EFM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 18 fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 19 assessment assessment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 20 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 21 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1067 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1068 1 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1068 2 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1068 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1068 4 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1068 5 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1068 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1069 1 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1069 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1069 3 CD006066 cd006066 ADD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1069 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1070 1 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006066.pub3 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006066.pub3 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1070 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1071 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1071 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1071 3 6464257 6464257 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1071 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1072 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1072 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1072 3 28157275 28157275 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1072 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1073 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1073 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1073 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1073 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1073 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1073 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 3 WHO who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 4 recommendations recommendation VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 5 Intrapartum Intrapartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 6 care care VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 9 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 10 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 11 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 13 RECOMMENDATION recommendation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 14 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 18 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1074 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1075 1 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1075 2 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1075 3 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1075 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1076 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1076 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1076 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1076 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1076 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1076 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 5 Mortality Mortality NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 7 Burden Burden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 9 Disease Disease NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 10 Estimates Estimates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 12 WHO who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 13 Member Member NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 14 States States NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 16 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 19 xls xls NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1077 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1078 1 Department Department NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1078 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1078 3 Measurement Measurement NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1078 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1078 5 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1078 6 Information Information NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1078 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1078 8 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1078 9 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1078 10 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1078 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1079 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1079 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1079 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1079 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1079 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1079 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1079 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1079 8 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1079 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1079 10 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1079 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1080 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1080 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1080 3 Maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1080 4 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1080 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1080 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1081 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1081 2 Nations Nations NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1081 3 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1081 4 Fund Fund NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1081 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1082 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1082 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1082 3 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1082 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1082 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1082 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1083 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1083 2 Van Van NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1083 3 Lerberghe Lerberghe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1083 4 W W NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1083 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1083 6 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1083 7 Brouwere Brouwere NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1083 8 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1083 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1083 10 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1083 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1083 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 2 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 3 Blind Blind NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 4 Alleys Alleys NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 6 Things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 7 That that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 8 Have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 9 Worked work VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 11 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 13 Lessons lesson NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 15 Reducing Reducing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 16 Maternal Maternal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 17 Mortality Mortality NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 20 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1084 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1085 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1085 2 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1085 3 Brouwere Brouwere NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1085 4 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1085 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1085 6 Van Van NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1085 7 Lerberghe Lerberghe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1085 8 W W NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1085 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1085 10 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1085 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1085 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1085 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1086 1 Safe Safe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1086 2 Motherhood Motherhood NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1086 3 Strategies Strategies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1086 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1086 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1086 6 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1086 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1086 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1086 9 Evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1086 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1087 1 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1087 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1087 3 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1087 4 Services Services NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1087 5 Organisation Organisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1087 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1087 7 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1087 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1088 1 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1088 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1089 1 Antwerp Antwerp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1089 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1089 3 ITG ITG NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1089 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1089 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1090 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1090 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1091 1 7–33 7–33 RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1091 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1092 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1092 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1092 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1092 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1092 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1092 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1092 7 76070 76070 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1092 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1092 9 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1092 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1092 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1092 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 1 Where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 2 nothing nothing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 3 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 5 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 7 avert avert VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 8 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 9 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 12 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 14 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 16 probably probably RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 19 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 21 magnitude magnitude NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 23 1,500/100,000 1,500/100,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1093 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1094 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1094 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1094 3 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1094 4 Has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1094 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1094 6 Worst Worst NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1094 7 Rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1094 8 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1094 9 Maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1094 10 Deaths death NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1094 11 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1094 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1094 13 Developed Developed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1094 14 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1094 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1094 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1095 1 NPR NPR NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1095 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1096 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1096 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1096 3 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1096 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1096 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1096 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1097 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1097 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1097 3 Severe Severe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1097 4 Complications Complications NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1097 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1097 6 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1097 7 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1097 8 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1097 9 Are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1097 10 Skyrocketing skyrocket VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1097 11 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1097 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1097 13 Could Could MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1097 14 Often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1097 15 Be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1097 16 Prevented prevent VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1097 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1097 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1098 1 ProPublica ProPublica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1098 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1099 1 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1099 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1099 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1099 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1099 5 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1099 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1100 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1100 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1100 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1100 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1100 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1100 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1101 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1101 2 Levi Levi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1101 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1101 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1101 5 Kohn Kohn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1101 6 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1101 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1101 8 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1101 9 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1101 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1101 11 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1101 12 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1101 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1101 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 2 Healthy healthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 3 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 5 Healthy Healthy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 6 Babies Babies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 8 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 9 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 10 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 11 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 12 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 14 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 16 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 18 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 20 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 23 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1102 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1103 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1103 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1103 3 D.C. D.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1103 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1103 5 Trust trust VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1103 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1103 7 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1103 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1103 9 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1103 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1104 1 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1104 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1104 3 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1104 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1104 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1104 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1104 7 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1104 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1104 9 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1104 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1104 11 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1104 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1104 13 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1104 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1105 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1105 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1105 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1105 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1105 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1105 6 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1105 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 2 Education education NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 3 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 5 teachers teacher NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 7 midwifery midwifery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 10 midwifery midwifery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 11 education education NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 12 modules module NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 14 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 17 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 18 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1106 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1107 1 Geneva Geneva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1107 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1107 3 Switzerland Switzerland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1107 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1107 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1107 6 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1107 7 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1107 8 Organisation Organisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1107 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1108 1 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1108 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1108 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1108 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1109 1 38–44 38–44 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1109 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1110 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1110 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1110 3 9789241546669 9789241546669 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1110 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1111 1 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1111 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1111 3 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1111 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1111 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1111 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1111 7 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1111 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1111 9 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1111 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1111 11 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1111 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1111 13 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1111 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 2 Glazener Glazener NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 3 CM CM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 5 Abdalla Abdalla NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 6 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 8 Stroud Stroud NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 9 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 11 Naji Naji NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 12 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 14 Templeton Templeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 15 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 17 Russell Russell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 18 IT IT NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 20 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 21 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1112 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1113 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1113 2 Postnatal postnatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1113 3 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1113 4 morbidity morbidity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1113 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1113 6 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1113 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1113 8 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1113 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1113 10 prevention prevention NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1113 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1113 12 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1113 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1113 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1114 1 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1114 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1114 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1114 4 Obstetrics Obstetrics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1114 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1114 6 Gynaecology Gynaecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1114 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1115 1 102 102 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1115 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1115 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1115 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1115 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1115 6 282–87 282–87 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1115 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1116 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1116 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1116 3 j.1471 j.1471 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1116 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1116 5 0528.1995.tb09132.x 0528.1995.tb09132.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1116 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1117 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1117 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1117 3 7612509 7612509 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1117 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1118 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1118 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1118 3 38872754 38872754 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1118 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1119 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1119 2 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1119 3 JF JF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1119 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1119 5 Roberts Roberts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1119 6 CL CL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1119 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1119 8 Currie Currie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1119 9 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1119 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1119 11 Ellwood Ellwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1119 12 DA DA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1119 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1119 14 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1119 15 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1119 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1119 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1120 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1120 2 Prevalence prevalence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1120 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1120 4 persistence persistence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1120 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1120 6 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1120 7 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1120 8 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1120 9 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1120 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1120 11 associations association NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1120 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1120 13 parity parity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1120 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1120 15 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1120 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1120 17 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1120 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1120 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1121 1 Birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1121 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1122 1 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1122 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1122 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1122 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1122 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1122 6 83–94 83–94 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1122 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1123 1 doi:10.1046 doi:10.1046 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1123 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1123 3 j.1523 j.1523 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1123 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1123 5 536X.2002.00167.x 536X.2002.00167.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1123 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1124 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1124 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1124 3 12051189 12051189 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1124 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1125 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1125 2 Borders Borders NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1125 3 N n CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1125 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1125 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1125 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1125 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1126 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1126 2 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1126 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1126 4 afterbirth afterbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1126 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1126 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1126 7 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1126 8 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1126 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1126 10 postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1126 11 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1126 12 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1126 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1126 14 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1126 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1126 16 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1126 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1126 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1127 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1127 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1127 3 Midwifery Midwifery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1127 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1127 5 Women Women NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1127 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1127 7 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1127 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1128 1 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1128 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1128 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1128 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1128 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1128 6 242–248 242–248 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1128 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1129 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1129 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1129 3 j.jmwh.2005.10.014 j.jmwh.2005.10.014 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1129 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1130 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1130 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1130 3 16814217 16814217 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1130 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1131 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1131 2 Jaju Jaju NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1131 3 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1131 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1131 5 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1131 6 Kharusi Kharusi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1131 7 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1131 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1131 9 Gowri Gowri NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1131 10 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1131 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1131 12 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1131 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1131 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1132 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1132 2 Antenatal antenatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1132 3 prevalence prevalence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1132 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1132 5 fear fear NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1132 6 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1132 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1132 8 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1132 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1132 10 depressed depressed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1132 11 mood mood NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1132 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1132 13 primigravid primigravid JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1132 14 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1132 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1132 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1133 1 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1133 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1133 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1133 4 Psychiatry Psychiatry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1133 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1134 1 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1134 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1134 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1134 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1134 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1134 6 158–61 158–61 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1134 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1135 1 doi:10.4103/0019 doi:10.4103/0019 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1135 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1135 3 5545.158152 5545.158152 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1135 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1136 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1136 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1136 3 4462784 4462784 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1136 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1137 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1137 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1137 3 26124521 26124521 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1137 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1138 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1138 2 Lukasse Lukasse NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1138 3 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1138 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1138 5 Schei Schei NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1138 6 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1138 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1138 8 Ryding Ryding NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1138 9 EL EL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1138 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1138 11 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1138 12 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1138 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1138 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1139 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1139 2 Prevalence Prevalence NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1139 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1139 4 associated associate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1139 5 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1139 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1139 7 fear fear NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1139 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1139 9 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1139 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1139 11 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1139 12 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1139 13 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1139 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1139 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1140 1 Sexual Sexual NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1140 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1140 3 Reproductive Reproductive NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1140 4 Healthcare Healthcare NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1140 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1141 1 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1141 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1141 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1141 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1141 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1141 6 99–106 99–106 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1141 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1142 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1142 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1142 3 j.srhc.2014.06.007 j.srhc.2014.06.007 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1142 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1143 1 hdl:10642/2246 hdl:10642/2246 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1143 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1144 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1144 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1144 3 25200969 25200969 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1144 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1145 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1145 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1145 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1145 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1145 5 Postpartum Postpartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1145 6 Depression Depression NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1145 7 Facts fact NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1145 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1145 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1146 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1146 2 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1146 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1146 4 Mental Mental NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1146 5 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1146 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1147 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1147 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1147 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1147 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1147 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1147 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1148 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1148 2 Lapp Lapp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1148 3 LK LK NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1148 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1148 5 Agbokou Agbokou NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1148 6 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1148 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1148 8 Peretti Peretti NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1148 9 CS CS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1148 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1148 11 Ferreri Ferreri NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1148 12 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1148 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1148 14 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1148 15 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1148 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1148 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1149 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1149 2 Management management NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1149 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1149 4 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1149 5 traumatic traumatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1149 6 stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1149 7 disorder disorder NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1149 8 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1149 9 childbirth childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1149 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1149 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1149 12 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1149 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1149 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1150 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1150 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1150 3 Psychosomatic Psychosomatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1150 4 Obstetrics Obstetrics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1150 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1150 6 Gynaecology Gynaecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1150 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1151 1 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1151 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1151 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1151 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1151 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1151 6 113–22 113–22 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1151 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1152 1 doi:10.3109/0167482X.2010.503330 doi:10.3109/0167482X.2010.503330 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1152 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1153 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1153 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1153 3 20653342 20653342 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1153 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1154 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1154 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1154 3 23594561 23594561 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1154 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1155 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1155 2 Condon Condon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1155 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1155 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1155 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1155 6 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1155 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1155 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1156 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1156 2 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1156 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1156 4 mental mental JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1156 5 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1156 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1156 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1156 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1156 9 wish wish NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1156 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1156 11 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1156 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1156 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1156 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1156 15 DSM DSM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1156 16 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1156 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1156 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1157 1 Archives archive NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1157 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1157 3 Women Women NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1157 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1157 5 Mental Mental NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1157 6 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1157 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1158 1 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1158 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1158 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1158 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1158 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1158 6 5–10 5–10 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1158 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1159 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1159 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1159 3 s00737 s00737 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1159 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1159 5 009 009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1159 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1159 7 0114 0114 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1159 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1159 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1159 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1160 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1160 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1160 3 20127444 20127444 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1160 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1161 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1161 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1161 3 1102994 1102994 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1161 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1162 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1162 2 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1162 3 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1162 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1162 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1162 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1162 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1163 1 Perinatal Perinatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1163 2 Mental Mental NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1163 3 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1163 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1163 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1163 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1163 7 Clinical Clinical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1163 8 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1163 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1164 1 Cumbria Cumbria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1164 2 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1164 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1164 4 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1164 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1164 6 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1164 7 Pub Pub NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1164 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1165 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1165 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1165 3 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1165 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1166 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1166 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1166 3 9781907830495 9781907830495 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1166 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1167 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1167 2 Alder Alder NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1167 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1167 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1167 5 Stadlmayr Stadlmayr NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1167 6 W W NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1167 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1167 8 Tschudin Tschudin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1167 9 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1167 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1167 11 Bitzer Bitzer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1167 12 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1167 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1167 14 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1167 15 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1167 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1167 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1168 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1168 2 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1168 3 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1168 4 traumatic traumatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1168 5 symptoms symptom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1168 6 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1168 7 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1168 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1168 9 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1168 10 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1168 11 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1168 12 offer offer VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1168 13 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1168 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1168 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1169 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1169 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1169 3 Psychosomatic Psychosomatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1169 4 Obstetrics Obstetrics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1169 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1169 6 Gynaecology Gynaecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1169 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1170 1 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1170 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1170 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1170 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1170 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1170 6 107–12 107–12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1170 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1171 1 doi:10.1080/01674820600714632 doi:10.1080/01674820600714632 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1171 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1172 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1172 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1172 3 16808085 16808085 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1172 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1173 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1173 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1173 3 21859634 21859634 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1173 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1174 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1174 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1174 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1174 4 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1174 5 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1174 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1174 7 Chandra Chandra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1174 8 PS PS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1174 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1174 10 Dazzan Dazzan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1174 11 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1174 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1174 13 Howard Howard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1174 14 LM LM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1174 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1174 16 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1174 17 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1174 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1174 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1175 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1175 2 Bipolar bipolar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1175 3 disorder disorder NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1175 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1175 5 affective affective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1175 6 psychosis psychosis NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1175 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1175 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1175 9 schizophrenia schizophrenia VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1175 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1175 11 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1175 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1175 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1175 14 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1175 15 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1175 16 partum partum JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1175 17 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1175 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1175 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1176 1 Lancet Lancet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1176 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1177 1 384 384 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1177 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1177 3 9956 9956 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1177 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1177 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1177 6 1789–99 1789–99 ADD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1177 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1178 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1178 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1178 3 S0140 S0140 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1178 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1178 5 6736(14)61278 6736(14)61278 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1178 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1178 7 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1178 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1179 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1179 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1179 3 25455249 25455249 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1179 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1180 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1180 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1180 3 44481055 44481055 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1180 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1181 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1181 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1181 3 Stillbirth Stillbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1181 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1181 5 Overview overview NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1181 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1181 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1182 1 NICHD NICHD NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1182 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1183 1 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1183 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1183 3 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1183 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1184 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1184 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1184 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1184 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1184 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1184 6 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1184 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1184 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1184 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1185 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1185 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1185 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1185 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1185 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1186 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1186 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1186 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1186 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1186 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1186 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1186 7 f f NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1186 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1186 9 Stillbirths Stillbirths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1186 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1186 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1187 1 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1187 2 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1187 3 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1187 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1188 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1188 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1188 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1188 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1188 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1188 6 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1188 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1188 8 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1188 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1188 10 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1188 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1189 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1189 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1189 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1189 4 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1189 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1189 6 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1189 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1190 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1190 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1190 3 Ending end VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1190 4 preventable preventable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1190 5 stillbirths stillbirth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1190 6 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1190 7 Executive Executive NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1190 8 Summary Summary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1190 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1190 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1190 11 Lancet Lancet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1190 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1190 13 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1190 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1190 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1190 16 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1190 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1190 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1191 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1191 2 Lancet Lancet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1191 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1192 1 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1192 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1192 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1193 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1193 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1193 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1193 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1193 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1193 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1193 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1193 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1193 9 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1193 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1193 11 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1193 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1193 13 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1193 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1194 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1194 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1194 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1194 4 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1194 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1194 6 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1194 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1195 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1195 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1195 3 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1195 4 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1195 5 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1195 6 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1195 7 providers provider NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1195 8 manage manage VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1195 9 stillbirth stillbirth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1195 10 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1195 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1195 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1196 1 NICHD NICHD NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1196 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1197 1 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1197 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1197 3 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1197 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1198 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1198 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1198 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1198 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1198 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1198 6 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1198 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1198 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1198 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1199 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1199 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1199 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1199 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1199 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1200 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1200 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1200 3 Stillbirth stillbirth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1200 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1200 5 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1200 6 FAQs faq NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1200 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1200 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1201 1 NICHD NICHD NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1201 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1202 1 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1202 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1202 3 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1202 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1203 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1203 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1203 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1203 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1203 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1203 6 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1203 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1203 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1203 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1204 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1204 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1204 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1204 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1204 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1205 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1205 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1205 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1205 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1205 5 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1205 6 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1205 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1205 8 stillbirth stillbirth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1205 9 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1205 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1205 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1206 1 NICHD NICHD NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1206 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1207 1 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1207 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1207 3 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1207 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1208 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1208 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1208 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1208 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1208 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1208 6 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1208 7 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1208 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1208 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1209 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1209 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1209 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1209 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1209 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 2 Draper Draper NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 4 Elizabeth Elizabeth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 5 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 7 Manktelow Manktelow NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 9 Bradley Bradley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 10 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 12 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 14 Lucy Lucy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 16 Rubayet Rubayet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 18 Sayed Sayed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 20 Hirst Hirst NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 22 Jane Jane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 23 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 24 Neuman Neuman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 26 Melissa Melissa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 27 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 28 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 30 Carina Carina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 31 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 32 Osrin Osrin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 34 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 35 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 36 Prost Prost NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 38 Audrey Audrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 40 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 41 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 42 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 43 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 44 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1210 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1211 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1211 2 Stillbirths stillbirth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1211 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1211 4 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1211 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1211 6 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1211 7 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1211 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1211 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1211 10 acceleration acceleration NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1211 11 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1211 12 2030 2030 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1211 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1211 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1212 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1212 2 Lancet Lancet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1212 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1213 1 387 387 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1213 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1213 3 10018 10018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1213 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1213 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1213 6 587–603 587–603 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1213 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1214 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1214 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1214 3 S0140 S0140 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1214 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1214 5 6736(15)00837 6736(15)00837 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1214 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1214 7 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1214 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1215 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1215 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1215 3 0140 0140 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1215 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1215 5 6736 6736 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1215 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1216 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1216 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1216 3 26794078 26794078 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1216 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1217 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1217 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1217 3 Preterm Preterm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1217 4 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1217 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1217 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1218 1 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1218 2 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1218 3 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1218 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1219 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1219 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1219 3 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1219 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1219 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1219 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1220 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1220 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1220 3 Mortality Mortality NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1220 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1220 5 Burden Burden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1220 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1220 7 Disease Disease NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1220 8 Estimates Estimates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1220 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1220 10 WHO who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1220 11 Member Member NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1220 12 States States NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1220 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1220 14 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1220 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1220 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1220 17 xls xls NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1220 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1220 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1221 1 Department Department NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1221 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1221 3 Measurement Measurement NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1221 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1221 5 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1221 6 Information Information NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1221 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1221 8 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1221 9 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1221 10 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1221 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1222 1 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1222 2 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1222 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1223 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1223 2 Ohlsson Ohlsson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1223 3 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1223 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1223 5 Shah Shah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1223 6 VS VS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1223 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1223 8 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1223 9 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1223 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1223 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1224 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1224 2 Intrapartum intrapartum JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1224 3 antibiotics antibiotic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1224 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1224 5 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1224 6 maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1224 7 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1224 8 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1224 9 streptococcal streptococcal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1224 10 colonization colonization NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1224 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1224 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1225 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1225 2 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1225 3 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1225 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1225 5 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1225 6 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1225 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1225 8 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1225 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1225 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1225 11 CD007467 cd007467 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1225 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1226 1 doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007467.pub4 doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007467.pub4 UH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1226 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1227 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1227 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1227 3 24915629 24915629 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1227 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1228 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1228 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1228 3 Sexually sexually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1228 4 transmitted transmit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1228 5 infections infection NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1228 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1228 7 STIs STIs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1228 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1228 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1228 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1229 1 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1229 2 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1229 3 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1229 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1230 1 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1230 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1230 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1231 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1231 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1231 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1231 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1231 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1231 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1231 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1231 8 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1231 9 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1231 10 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1231 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1232 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1232 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1232 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1232 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1232 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1232 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1232 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1233 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1233 2 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1233 3 Handel Handel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1233 4 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1233 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1233 6 Swaab Swaab NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1233 7 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1233 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1233 9 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1233 10 Vries Vries NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1233 11 LS LS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1233 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1233 13 Jongmans Jongmans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1233 14 MJ MJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1233 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1233 16 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1233 17 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1233 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1233 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1234 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1234 2 Long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1234 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1234 4 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1234 5 cognitive cognitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1234 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1234 7 behavioral behavioral JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1234 8 consequences consequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1234 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1234 10 neonatal neonatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1234 11 encephalopathy encephalopathy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1234 12 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1234 13 perinatal perinatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1234 14 asphyxia asphyxia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1234 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1234 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1234 17 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1234 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1234 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1235 1 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1235 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1235 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1235 4 Pediatrics Pediatrics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1235 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1236 1 166 166 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1236 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1236 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1236 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1236 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1236 6 645–54 645–54 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1236 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1237 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1237 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1237 3 s00431 s00431 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1237 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1237 5 007 007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1237 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1237 7 0437 0437 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1237 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1237 9 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1237 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1238 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1238 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1238 3 1914268 1914268 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1238 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1239 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1239 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1239 3 17426984 17426984 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1239 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1240 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1240 2 Warwick Warwick NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1240 3 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1240 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1240 5 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1240 6 PL PL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1240 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1240 8 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1240 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1241 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1241 2 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1241 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1241 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1242 1 Gray Gray NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1242 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1242 3 Anatomy Anatomy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1242 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1242 5 35th 35th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1242 6 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1242 7 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1242 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1242 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1242 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1243 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1243 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1243 3 Longman Longman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1243 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1244 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1244 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1244 3 1046 1046 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1244 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1245 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1245 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1245 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1245 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1245 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1245 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1245 7 443 443 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1245 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1245 9 01011 01011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1245 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1245 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1245 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 8 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 9 h h NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 10 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 11 Hutter Hutter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 12 Epstein Epstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 14 M.D. M.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 16 Randi Randi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 18 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1246 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1247 1 Get get VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1247 2 Me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1247 3 Out out RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1247 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1247 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1247 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1247 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1247 8 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1247 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1247 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1247 11 Garden Garden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1247 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1247 13 Eden Eden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1247 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1247 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1247 16 Sperm Sperm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1247 17 Bank Bank NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1247 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1248 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1248 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1248 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1248 4 W.W. W.W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1248 5 Norton Norton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1248 6 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1248 7 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1248 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1248 9 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1248 10 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1248 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1248 12 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1248 13 Dye Dye NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1248 14 NS NS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1248 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1248 16 Autumn Autumn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1248 17 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1248 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1248 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1249 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1249 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1249 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1249 4 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1249 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1249 6 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1249 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1249 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1250 1 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1250 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1250 3 Sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1250 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1250 5 Sexuality Sexuality NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1250 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1250 7 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1250 8 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1250 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1251 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1251 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1251 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1251 4 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1251 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1251 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1252 1 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1252 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1252 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1252 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1252 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1252 6 97–108 97–108 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1252 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1253 1 doi:10.1086/493779 doi:10.1086/493779 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1253 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1254 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1254 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1254 3 3173968 3173968 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1254 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1255 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1255 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1255 3 21213655 21213655 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1255 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1256 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1256 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1256 3 144068193 144068193 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1256 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1257 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1257 2 Leavitt Leavitt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1257 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1257 4 Judith Judith NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1257 5 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1257 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1257 7 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1257 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1257 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1258 1 Brought bring VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1258 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1258 3 Bed bed NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1258 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1258 5 Childbearing childbeare VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1258 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1258 7 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1258 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1258 9 1750–1950 1750–1950 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1258 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1259 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1259 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1259 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1259 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1260 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1260 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1261 1 90–91 90–91 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1261 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1262 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1262 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1262 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1262 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1262 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1262 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1262 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1262 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1262 9 505690 505690 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1262 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1262 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1262 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1263 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1263 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1263 3 Fathers father NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1263 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1263 5 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1263 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1263 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1263 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1263 9 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1263 10 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1263 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1263 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1264 1 Kangaroo Kangaroo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1264 2 Mother Mother NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1264 3 Care Care NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1264 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1265 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1265 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1265 3 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1265 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1265 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1266 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1266 2 Cassidy Cassidy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1266 3 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1266 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1266 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1266 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1266 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1267 1 Birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1267 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1268 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1268 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1268 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1268 4 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1268 5 Monthly Monthly NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1268 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1268 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1269 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1269 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1270 1 54–55 54–55 LS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1270 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1271 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1271 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1271 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1271 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1271 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1271 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1271 7 87113 87113 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1271 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1271 9 938 938 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1271 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1271 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1271 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1272 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1272 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1272 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1272 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1272 5 Loudon Loudon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1272 6 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1272 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1272 8 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1272 9 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1272 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1272 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1273 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1273 2 Maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1273 3 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1273 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1273 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1273 6 past past NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1273 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1273 8 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1273 9 relevance relevance NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1273 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1273 11 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1273 12 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1273 13 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1273 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1273 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1274 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1274 2 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1274 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1274 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1274 5 Clinical Clinical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1274 6 Nutrition Nutrition NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1274 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1275 1 72 72 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1275 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1275 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1275 4 Suppl Suppl NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1275 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1275 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1275 7 241S–246S. 241s–246s. CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1276 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1276 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1276 3 ajcn/72.1.241S. ajcn/72.1.241S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1277 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1277 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1277 3 10871589 10871589 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1277 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1278 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1278 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1278 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1278 4 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1278 5 CJ CJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1278 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1278 7 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1278 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1278 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1279 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1279 2 Consumer Consumer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1279 3 Risk Risk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1279 4 Perceptions perception NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1279 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1279 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1279 7 Community Community NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1279 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1279 9 Reflexive Reflexive NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1279 10 Doubt Doubt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1279 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1279 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1280 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1280 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1280 3 Consumer Consumer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1280 4 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1280 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1281 1 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1281 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1281 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1281 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1281 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1281 6 235–248 235–248 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1281 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1282 1 doi:10.1086/432233 doi:10.1086/432233 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1282 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1283 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1283 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1283 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1283 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1283 5 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1283 6 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1283 7 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1284 1 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1284 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1284 3 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1284 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1284 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1284 6 medicalisation medicalisation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1284 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1284 8 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1284 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1284 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1285 1 broughttolife.sciencemuseum.org.uk broughttolife.sciencemuseum.org.uk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1285 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1286 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1286 2 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1286 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1286 4 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1286 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1286 6 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1286 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1287 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1287 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1287 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1287 4 Rosenthal Rosenthal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1287 5 E e NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1287 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1287 7 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1287 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1287 9 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1287 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1287 11 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1287 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1287 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1288 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1288 2 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1288 3 Way Way NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1288 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1288 5 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1288 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1288 7 Costliest Costliest NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1288 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1288 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1288 10 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1288 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1288 12 NYTimes.com NYTimes.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1288 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1288 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1289 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1289 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1289 3 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1289 4 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1289 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1290 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1290 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1290 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1290 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1290 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1290 6 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1290 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1290 8 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1290 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1290 10 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1290 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 2 Barrett Barrett NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 3 ML ML NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 5 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 6 MW MW NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 8 Elizhauser Elizhauser NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 9 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 11 Honigman Honigman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 12 LS LS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 14 Pines Pines NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 15 JM JM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 17 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 18 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1291 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1292 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1292 2 Utilization utilization NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1292 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1292 4 Intensive Intensive NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1292 5 Care Care NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1292 6 Services Services NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1292 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1292 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1292 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1292 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1293 1 HCUP HCUP NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1293 2 Statistical Statistical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1293 3 Brief brief JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1293 4 # # NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1293 5 185 185 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1293 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1294 1 Rockville Rockville NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1294 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1294 3 MD MD NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1294 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1294 5 Agency agency NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1294 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1294 7 Healthcare Healthcare NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1294 8 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1294 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1294 10 Quality Quality NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1294 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1295 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1295 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1295 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1295 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1295 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1295 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1295 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1295 8 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1295 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1295 10 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1295 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1296 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1296 2 Hsia Hsia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1296 3 RY RY NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1296 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1296 5 Akosa Akosa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1296 6 Antwi Antwi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1296 7 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1296 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1296 9 Weber weber NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1296 10 E e NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1296 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1296 12 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1296 13 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1296 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1296 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 2 Analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 4 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 6 charges charge NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 8 prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 9 paid pay VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 11 vaginal vaginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 13 caesarean caesarean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 14 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 15 births birth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 18 cross cross JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 19 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 20 sectional sectional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 21 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1297 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1298 1 BMJ BMJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1298 2 Open Open NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1298 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1299 1 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1299 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1299 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1299 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1299 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1299 6 e004017 e004017 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1299 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1300 1 doi:10.1136 doi:10.1136 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1300 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1300 3 bmjopen-2013 bmjopen-2013 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1300 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1300 5 004017 004017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1300 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1301 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1301 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1301 3 3902513 3902513 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1301 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1302 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1302 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1302 3 24435892 24435892 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1302 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1303 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1303 2 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1303 3 Collaborating Collaborating NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1303 4 Centre Centre NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1303 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1303 6 Women Women NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1303 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1303 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1303 9 Children Children NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1303 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1303 11 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1303 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1303 13 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1303 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1303 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1304 1 Intrapartum Intrapartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1304 2 Care Care NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1304 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1304 4 Care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1304 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1304 6 Healthy Healthy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1304 7 Women Women NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1304 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1304 9 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1304 10 Babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1304 11 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1304 12 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1304 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1305 1 NICE NICE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1305 2 Clinical Clinical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1305 3 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1305 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1305 5 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1305 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1306 1 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1306 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1307 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1307 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1307 3 RCOG RCOG NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1307 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1308 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1308 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1308 3 21250397 21250397 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1308 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1309 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1309 2 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1309 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1309 4 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1309 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1309 6 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1309 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1309 8 Recommendations recommendation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1309 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1309 10 Intrapartum intrapartum JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1309 11 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1309 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1309 13 healthy healthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1309 14 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1309 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1309 16 babies baby NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1309 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1309 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1310 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1310 2 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1310 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1310 4 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1310 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1310 6 Care Care NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1310 7 Excellence Excellence NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1310 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1311 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1311 2 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1311 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1311 4 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1311 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1311 6 Care Care NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1311 7 Excellence Excellence NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1311 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1312 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1312 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1312 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1312 4 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1312 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1313 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1313 2 Bennhold Bennhold NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1313 3 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1313 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1313 5 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1313 6 CS CS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1313 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1313 8 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1313 9 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1313 10 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1313 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1313 12 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1313 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1313 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1314 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1314 2 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1314 3 Regulator Regulator NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1314 4 Urges Urges NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1314 5 Home Home NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1314 6 Births Births NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1314 7 Over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1314 8 Hospitals Hospitals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1314 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1314 10 Uncomplicated Uncomplicated NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1314 11 Pregnancies Pregnancies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1314 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1314 13 NYTimes.com NYTimes.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1314 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1314 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1315 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1315 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1315 3 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1315 4 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1315 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1316 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1316 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1316 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1316 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1316 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1316 6 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1316 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1316 8 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1316 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1316 10 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1316 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1317 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1317 2 Stearns Stearns NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1317 3 PN PN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1317 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1317 5 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1317 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1318 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1318 2 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1318 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1318 4 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1318 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1318 6 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1318 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1318 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1319 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1319 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1319 3 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1319 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1319 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1320 1 Garland Garland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1320 2 Reference Reference NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1320 3 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1320 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1320 5 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1320 6 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1320 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1321 1 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1321 2 780 780 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1321 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1322 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1322 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1322 3 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1322 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1322 5 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1322 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1323 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1323 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1323 3 144 144 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1323 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1324 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1324 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1324 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1324 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1324 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1324 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1324 7 8153 8153 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1324 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1324 9 0342 0342 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1324 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1324 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1324 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1325 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1325 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1325 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1325 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1325 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1325 6 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1325 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1325 8 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1325 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1325 10 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1325 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1326 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1326 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1326 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1326 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1326 5 Tait Tait NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1326 6 HN HN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1326 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1326 8 Cidro Cidro NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1326 9 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1326 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1326 11 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1326 12 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1326 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1326 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1327 1 Indigenous indigenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1327 2 experiences experience NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1327 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1327 4 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1327 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1327 6 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1327 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1328 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1328 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1328 3 9781772581355 9781772581355 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1328 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1329 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1329 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1329 3 1012401274 1012401274 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1329 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1330 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1330 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1330 3 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1330 4 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1330 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1330 6 Confinement Confinement NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1330 7 Nanny Nanny NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1330 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1330 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1331 1 NannySOS NannySOS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1331 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1332 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1332 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1332 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1332 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1332 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1332 6 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1332 7 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1332 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1332 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1333 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1333 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1333 3 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1333 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1333 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1334 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1334 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1334 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1334 4 AMCB AMCB NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1334 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1334 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1335 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1335 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1335 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1335 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1335 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1335 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1335 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1335 8 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1335 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1335 10 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1335 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1336 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1336 2 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1336 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1336 4 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1336 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1336 6 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1336 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1337 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1337 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1337 3 Welcome welcome UH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1337 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1337 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1337 6 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1337 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1337 8 Midwives Midwives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1337 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1337 10 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1337 11 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1337 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1337 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1338 1 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1338 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1338 3 Midwives Midwives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1338 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1338 5 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1338 6 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1338 7 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1338 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1339 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1339 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1339 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1339 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1339 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1339 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1339 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1339 8 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1339 9 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1339 10 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1339 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1340 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1340 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1340 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1340 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1340 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1340 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1340 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 2 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 4 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 5 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 7 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 8 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 10 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 12 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 13 Revised revised JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 14 Statues Statues NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 16 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 17 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 18 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1341 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1342 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1342 2 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1342 3 Professions Professions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1342 4 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1342 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1342 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1343 1 Statues Statues NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1343 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1343 3 Regulations Regulations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1343 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1343 5 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1343 6 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1343 7 internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1343 8 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1343 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1344 1 Vancouver Vancouver NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1344 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1344 3 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1344 4 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1344 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1344 6 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1344 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1344 8 Queens Queens NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1344 9 Printer Printer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1344 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1345 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1345 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1345 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1345 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1345 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1345 6 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1345 7 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1345 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1345 9 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1345 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1346 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1346 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1346 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1346 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1346 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1346 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1346 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1347 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1347 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1347 3 Our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1347 4 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1347 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1347 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1348 1 Nursing Nursing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1348 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1348 3 Midwifery Midwifery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1348 4 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1348 5 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1348 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1349 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1349 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1349 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1349 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1350 1 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1350 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1350 3 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1350 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1350 5 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1350 6 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1350 7 Created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1350 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1350 9 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1350 10 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1350 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1350 12 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1350 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1350 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1351 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1351 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1351 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1351 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1351 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1351 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1351 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1351 8 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1351 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1351 10 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1351 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1352 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1352 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1352 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1352 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1352 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1352 6 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1352 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1353 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1353 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1353 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1353 4 Nursing Nursing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1353 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1353 6 Midwifery Midwifery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1353 7 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1353 8 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1353 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1353 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 5 Her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 6 Majesty Majesty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 8 Stationery Stationery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 9 Office Office NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 12 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 13 Archives Archives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 15 Ministry Ministry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 17 Justice Justice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 19 Her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 20 Majesty Majesty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 21 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 22 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1354 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1355 1 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1355 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1356 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1356 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1356 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1356 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1356 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1356 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1356 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1356 8 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1356 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1356 10 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1356 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1357 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1357 2 Burton Burton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1357 3 N N NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1357 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1357 5 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1357 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1357 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1358 1 Natal natal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1358 2 signs sign NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1358 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1358 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1358 5 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1358 6 representations representation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1358 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1358 8 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1358 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1358 10 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1358 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1358 12 parenting parenting NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1358 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1359 1 Demeter Demeter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1359 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1359 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1360 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1360 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1360 3 9781926452326 9781926452326 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1360 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1361 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1361 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1361 3 949328683 949328683 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1361 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1362 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1362 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1362 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1362 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1362 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1362 6 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1362 7 Barbara Barbara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1362 8 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1362 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1362 10 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1362 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1362 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1363 1 Developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1363 2 destinies destinie VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1363 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1363 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1363 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1363 6 Mayan mayan JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1363 7 midwife midwife NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1363 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1363 9 town town NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1363 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1364 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1364 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1364 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1364 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1365 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1365 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1365 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1365 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1365 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1365 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1365 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1365 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1365 9 531990 531990 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1365 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1365 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1365 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1366 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1366 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1366 3 779676136 779676136 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1366 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1367 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1367 2 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1367 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1367 4 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1367 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1367 6 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1367 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1367 8 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1367 9 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1367 10 Inge Inge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1367 11 B b NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1367 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1367 13 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1367 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1367 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1368 1 Growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1368 2 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1368 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1368 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1368 5 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1368 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1368 7 respect respect NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1368 8 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1368 9 rearing rear VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1368 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1368 11 highland highland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1368 12 Peru Peru NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1368 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1369 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1369 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1369 3 Texas Texas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1369 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1369 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1370 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1370 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1370 3 748863692 748863692 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1370 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 2 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 3   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 4 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 6 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 8 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 9 Dziadosz Dziadosz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 10 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 12 Basch Basch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 13 RS RS NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 15 Young Young NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 16 BK BK NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 18 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 19 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1371 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1372 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1372 2 Human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1372 3 amniotic amniotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1372 4 fluid fluid NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1372 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1372 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1372 7 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1372 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1372 9 stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1372 10 cells cell NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1372 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1372 12 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1372 13 therapeutic therapeutic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1372 14 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1372 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1372 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1373 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1373 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1373 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1373 4 Obstetrics Obstetrics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1373 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1373 6 Gynecology Gynecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1373 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1374 1 214 214 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1374 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1374 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1374 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1374 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1374 6 321–27 321–27 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1374 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1375 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1375 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1375 3 j.ajog.2015.12.061 j.ajog.2015.12.061 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1375 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1376 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1376 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1376 3 26767797 26767797 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1376 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1377 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1377 2 Vernon Vernon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1377 3 DM DM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1377 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1377 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1377 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1378 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1378 2 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1378 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1378 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 1 Having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 3 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 4 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 6 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 8 Twenty Twenty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 9 Stories Stories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 11 Triumph Triumph NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 13 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 15 Love Love NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 17 Delight Delight NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 20 Women Women NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 22 Men Men NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 23 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 24 Brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 25 New new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 26 Life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 27 Into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 29 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1379 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1380 1 Canberra Canberra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1380 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1380 3 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1380 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1380 5 Australian Australian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1380 6 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1380 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1380 8 Midwives Midwives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1380 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1381 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1381 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1381 3 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1381 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1382 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1382 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1382 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1382 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1382 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1382 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1382 7 9751674 9751674 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1382 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1382 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1382 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1382 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1382 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 2 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 4 Childbirthat Childbirthat NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 5 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 7 sister sister NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 8 projects project VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 9 Definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 11 Wiktionary Wiktionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 12 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 14 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 15 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 16 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 18 Wikinews Wikinews NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 19 Quotations Quotations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 21 Wikiquote Wikiquote NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 22 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 24 Wikisource Wikisource NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 25 Textbooks Textbooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 26 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 27 Wikibooks Wikibooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 28 Resources Resources NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 30 Wikiversity wikiversity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 31 17-pound 17-pound CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 32 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 33 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 35 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 36 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 37 Wikinews Wikinews NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 38 Spontaneous Spontaneous NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 39 Vaginal Vaginal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 40 Delivery Delivery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 42 Video video NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 43 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 44 Merck Merck NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 45 Manual Manual NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 46 Professional Professional NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 47 Edition Edition NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 48 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 49 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 50 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 51 Maternal Maternal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 52 Morbidity Morbidity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 53 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 54 Mortality Mortality NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 57 Media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 58 Classification Classification NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 59 D d NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 60 ICD-10 icd-10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 61 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 62 O80-O84 o80-o84 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 63 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 64 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 65 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 66 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 67 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 69 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 70 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 71 Before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 72 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 73 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 74 Embryo Embryo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 75 Fetus Fetus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 76 Gestational Gestational NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 77 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 78 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 79 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 80 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 81 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 82 Child Child NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 83 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 84 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 85 Puberty puberty VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 86 Adult adult NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 87 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 88 Ageing age VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 89 Senescence Senescence NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 90 Death Death NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 91 Phases Phases NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 92 Infant Infant NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 93 Toddler Toddler NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 94 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 95 childhood childhood NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 96 Childhood Childhood NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 97 Child Child NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 98 Preadolescence Preadolescence NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 99 Adolescence adolescence NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 100 Adulthood Adulthood NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 101 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 102 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 103 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 104 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 105 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 106 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 107 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 108 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 109 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 110 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 111 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 112 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 113 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 114 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 115 Reproductive reproductive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 116 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 117 Rights Rights NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 118 Compulsory Compulsory NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 119 sterilization sterilization NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 120 Contraceptive contraceptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 121 security security NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 122 Genital genital JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 123 integrity integrity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 124 Circumcision Circumcision NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 125 controversies controversie VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 126 Genital genital JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 127 modification modification NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 128 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 129 mutilation mutilation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 130 Intersex Intersex NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 131 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 132 Genetic Genetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 133 counseling counseling NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 134 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 135 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 136 conception conception JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 137 counseling counseling NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 138 Sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 139 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 140 Planning plan VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 141 Assisted Assisted NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 142 reproductive reproductive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 143 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 144 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 145 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 146 Childfree Childfree NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 147 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 148 Childlessness Childlessness NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 149 Parenting Parenting NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 150 Adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 151 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 152 Foster Foster NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 153 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 154 Safe safe JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 155 sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 156 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 157 Men Men NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 158 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 159 Women Women NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 160 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 161 Vulvovaginal Vulvovaginal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 162 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 163 Self Self NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 164 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 165 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 166 sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 167 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 168 behaviors behavior NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 169 Pregnancy Pregnancy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 170 Abortion Abortion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 171 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 172 spacing space VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 173 Maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 174 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 175 Obstetrics Obstetrics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 176 Options Options NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 177 counseling counseling NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 178 Pregnancy Pregnancy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 179 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 180 rape rape NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 181 Pregnant pregnant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 182 patients patient NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 183 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 184 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 185 Prenatal prenatal NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 186 care care VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 187 Teenage teenage JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 188 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 189 Preteen Preteen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 190 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 191 Unintended unintended JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 192 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 193 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 194 Andrology Andrology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 195 Genitourinary Genitourinary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 196 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 197 Gynaecology Gynaecology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 198 Obstetrics Obstetrics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 199 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 200 gynaecology gynaecology NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 201 Reproductive Reproductive NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 202 endocrinology endocrinology NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 203 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 204 infertility infertility NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 205 Sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 206 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 207 Disorder disorder NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 208 Disorders Disorders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 209 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 210 sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 211 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 212 Infertility Infertility NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 213 Reproductive Reproductive NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 214 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 215 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 216 Sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 217 dysfunction dysfunction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 218 Sexually sexually RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 219 transmitted transmit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 220 infection infection NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 221 Clinic Clinic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 222 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 223 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 224 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 225 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 226 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 227 Ireland Ireland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 228 Pakistan Pakistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 229 Philippines Philippines NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 230 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 231 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 232 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 233 Teen Teen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 234 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 235 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 236 Teen Teen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 237 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 238 Birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 239 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 240 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 241 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 242 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 243 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 244 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 245 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 246 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 247 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 248 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 249 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 250 condoms condom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 251 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 252 hygiene hygiene NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 253 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 254 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 255 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 256 reproductive reproductive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 257 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 258 legislation legislation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 259 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 260 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 261 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 262 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 263 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 264 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 265 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 266 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 267 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 268 Financial Financial NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 269 Baby Baby NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 270 bonus bonus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 271 Bachelor Bachelor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 272 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 273 Child Child NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 274 benefit benefit NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 275 Tax Tax NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 276 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 277 childlessness childlessness NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 278 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 279 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 280 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 281 Pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 282 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 283 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 284 Planning plan VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 285 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 286 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 287 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 288 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 289 planning planning NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 290 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 291 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 292 conception conception JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 293 counseling counseling NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 294 Conception Conception NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 295 Assisted Assisted NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 296 reproductive reproductive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 297 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 298 Artificial artificial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 299 insemination insemination NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 300 Fertility Fertility NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 301 medication medication NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 302 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 303 vitro vitro FW en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 304 fertilisation fertilisation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 305 Fertility Fertility NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 306 awareness awareness NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 307 Unintended unintended JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 308 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 309 Testing testing NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 310 3D 3d NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 311 ultrasound ultrasound VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 312 Obstetric Obstetric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 313 ultrasonography ultrasonography NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 314 Pregnancy Pregnancy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 315 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 316 Home Home NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 317 testing test VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 318 Prenatal prenatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 319 diagnosis diagnosis NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 320 Prenatal Prenatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 321 Anatomy Anatomy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 322 Amniotic Amniotic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 323 fluid fluid JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 324 Amniotic Amniotic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 325 sac sac NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 326 Endometrium Endometrium NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 327 Placenta Placenta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 328 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 329 Fundal Fundal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 330 height height NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 331 Gestational Gestational NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 332 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 333 Human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 334 embryogenesis embryogenesis NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 335 Maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 336 physiological physiological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 337 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 338 Postpartum postpartum VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 339 physiological physiological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 340 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 341 Care care VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 342 Nutrition nutrition NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 343 Environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 344 toxicants toxicant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 345 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 346 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 347 Prenatal Prenatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 348 Concomitant concomitant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 349 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 350 Drinking drink VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 351 Diabetes diabetes NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 352 mellitus mellitus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 353 Smoking smoke VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 354 Vaping Vaping NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 355 SLE SLE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 356 Sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 357 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 358 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 359 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 360 Procedures Procedures NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 361 Amniocentesis Amniocentesis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 362 Cardiotocography Cardiotocography NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 363 Chorionic Chorionic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 364 villus villus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 365 sampling sample VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 366 Nonstress Nonstress NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 367 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 368 Abortion Abortion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 369 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 370 Preparation Preparation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 371 Bradley Bradley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 372 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 373 Hypnobirthing Hypnobirthing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 374 Lamaze Lamaze NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 375 Nesting Nesting NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 376 instinct instinct NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 377 Roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 378 Doula Doula NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 379 Birth Birth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 380 attendant attendant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 381 Men Men NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 382 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 383 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 384 Midwife Midwife NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 385 Obstetrician obstetrician JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 386 Perinatal perinatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 387 nurse nurse NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 388 Traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 389 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 390 attendant attendant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 391 Delivery Delivery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 392 Bloody Bloody NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 393 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 394 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 395 positions position VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 396 Home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 397 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 398 Multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 399 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 400 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 401 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 402 Pelvimetry Pelvimetry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 403 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 404 Bishop Bishop NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 405 score score NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 406 Cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 407 dilation dilation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 408 Cervical cervical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 409 effacement effacement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 410 Position Position NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 411 Presentation Presentation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 412 Breech Breech NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 413 Cephalic Cephalic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 414 Shoulder Shoulder NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 415 Rupture Rupture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 416 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 417 membranes membrane NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 418 Unassisted unassiste VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 419 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 420 Uterine uterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 421 contraction contraction NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 422 Water Water NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 423 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 424 Postpartum Postpartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 425 Maternal Maternal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 426 Postpartum Postpartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 427 confinement confinement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 428 Sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 429 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 430 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 431 Psychiatric psychiatric JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 432 disorders disorder NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 433 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 434 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 435 Postpartum Postpartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 436 physiological physiological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 437 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 438 Roles Roles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 439 Doula Doula NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 440 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 441 visitor visitor NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 442 Lactation lactation NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 443 consultant consultant NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 444 Monthly monthly JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 445 nurse nurse NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 446 Confinement confinement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 447 nanny nanny NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 448 Infant Infant NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 449 Adaptation Adaptation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 450 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 451 extrauterine extrauterine VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 452 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 453 Child child NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 454 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 455 Congenital Congenital NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 456 disorders disorder VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 457 Obstetric obstetric RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 458 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 459 Gravidity gravidity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 460 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 461 parity parity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 462 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 463 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 464 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 465 Pathology pathology NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 466 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 467 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 468 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 469 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 470 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 471 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 472 puerperium puerperium NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 473 Pregnancy Pregnancy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 474 Pregnancy Pregnancy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 475 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 476 abortive abortive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 477 outcome outcome NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 478 Abortion Abortion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 479 Ectopic Ectopic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 480 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 481 Abdominal Abdominal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 482 Cervical Cervical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 483 Interstitial Interstitial NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 484 Ovarian Ovarian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 485 Heterotopic Heterotopic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 486 Embryo Embryo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 487 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 488 Fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 489 resorption resorption NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 490 Molar molar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 491 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 492 Miscarriage Miscarriage NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 493 Stillbirth Stillbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 494 Oedema Oedema NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 495 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 496 proteinuria proteinuria NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 497 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 498 hypertensive hypertensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 499 disorders disorder VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 500 Gestational Gestational NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 501 hypertension hypertension NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 502 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 503 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 504 eclampsia eclampsia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 505 HELLP HELLP NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 506 syndrome syndrome NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 507 Eclampsia Eclampsia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 508 Other Other NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 509 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 510 predominantly predominantly RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 511 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 512 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 513 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 514 Digestive digestive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 515 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 516 Acute acute JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 517 fatty fatty NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 518 liver liver NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 519 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 520 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 521 Gestational Gestational NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 522 diabetes diabetes NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 523 Hepatitis Hepatitis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 524 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 525 Hyperemesis Hyperemesis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 526 gravidarum gravidarum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 527 Intrahepatic intrahepatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 528 cholestasis cholestasis NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 529 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 530 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 531 Integumentary integumentary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 532 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 533 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 534 dermatoses dermatosis NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 535 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 536 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 537 Gestational Gestational NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 538 pemphigoid pemphigoid NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 539 Impetigo Impetigo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 540 herpetiformis herpetiformi VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 541 Intrahepatic intrahepatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 542 cholestasis cholestasis NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 543 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 544 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 545 Linea Linea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 546 nigra nigra NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 547 Prurigo Prurigo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 548 gestationis gestationis VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 549 Pruritic pruritic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 550 folliculitis folliculitis NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 551 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 552 pregnancy pregnancy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 553 Pruritic pruritic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 554 urticarial urticarial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 555 papules papule NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 556 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 557 plaques plaque NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 558 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 559 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 560 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 561 PUPPP PUPPP NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 562 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 563 Striae Striae VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 564 gravidarum gravidarum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 565 Nervous nervous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 566 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 567 Chorea Chorea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 568 gravidarum gravidarum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 569 Blood Blood NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 570 Gestational Gestational NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 571 thrombocytopenia thrombocytopenia VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 572 Pregnancy Pregnancy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 573 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 574 induced induce VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 575 hypercoagulability hypercoagulability NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 576 Maternal Maternal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 577 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 578 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 579 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 580 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 581 fetus fetus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 582 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 583 amniotic amniotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 584 cavity cavity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 585 amniotic amniotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 586 fluid fluid NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 587 Oligohydramnios Oligohydramnios NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 588 Polyhydramnios Polyhydramnios NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 589 Braxton Braxton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 590 Hicks Hicks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 591 contractions contraction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 592 chorion chorion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 593 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 594 amnion amnion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 595 Amniotic amniotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 596 band band NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 597 syndrome syndrome NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 598 Chorioamnionitis Chorioamnionitis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 599 Chorionic Chorionic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 600 hematoma hematoma VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 601 Monoamniotic monoamniotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 602 twins twin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 603 Premature premature JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 604 rupture rupture NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 605 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 606 membranes membrane NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 607 Obstetrical Obstetrical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 608 bleeding bleed VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 609 Antepartum Antepartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 610 placenta placenta NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 611 Circumvallate Circumvallate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 612 placenta placenta NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 613 Monochorionic Monochorionic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 614 twins twin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 615 Placenta Placenta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 616 accreta accreta VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 617 Placenta Placenta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 618 praevia praevia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 619 Placental placental NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 620 abruption abruption NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 621 Twin twin NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 622 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 623 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 624 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 625 twin twin JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 626 transfusion transfusion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 627 syndrome syndrome NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 628 Labor Labor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 629 Amniotic amniotic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 630 fluid fluid JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 631 embolism embolism NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 632 Cephalopelvic Cephalopelvic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 633 disproportion disproportion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 634 Dystocia Dystocia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 635 Shoulder Shoulder NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 636 dystocia dystocia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 637 Fetal fetal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 638 distress distress NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 639 Locked lock VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 640 twins twin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 641 Nuchal nuchal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 642 cord cord NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 643 Obstetrical obstetrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 644 bleeding bleed VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 645 Postpartum Postpartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 646 Pain Pain NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 647 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 648 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 649 childbirth childbirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 650 placenta placenta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 651 Placenta Placenta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 652 accreta accreta VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 653 Preterm Preterm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 654 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 655 Postmature Postmature NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 656 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 657 Umbilical umbilical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 658 cord cord NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 659 prolapse prolapse NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 660 Uterine uterine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 661 inversion inversion NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 662 Uterine uterine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 663 rupture rupture NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 664 Vasa Vasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 665 praevia praevia NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 666 Puerperal Puerperal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 667 Breastfeeding Breastfeeding NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 668 difficulties difficulty NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 669 Low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 670 milk milk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 671 supply supply NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 672 Cracked crack VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 673 nipples nipple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 674 Breast Breast NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 675 engorgement engorgement NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 676 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 677 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 678 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 679 posttraumatic posttraumatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 680 stress stress NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 681 disorder disorder NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 682 Diastasis Diastasis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 683 symphysis symphysis NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 684 pubis pubi VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 685 Postpartum postpartum NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 686 bleeding bleed VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 687 Peripartum Peripartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 688 cardiomyopathy cardiomyopathy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 689 Postpartum Postpartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 690 depression depression NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 691 Postpartum Postpartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 692 psychosis psychosis NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 693 Postpartum Postpartum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 694 thyroiditis thyroiditi VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 695 Puerperal puerperal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 696 fever fever NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 697 Puerperal puerperal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 698 mastitis mastitis NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 699 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 700 Concomitant concomitant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 701 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 702 Diabetes diabete NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 703 mellitus mellitus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 704 Systemic systemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 705 lupus lupus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 706 erythematosus erythematosus NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 707 Thyroid Thyroid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 708 disorders disorder VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 709 Maternal maternal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 710 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 711 Sexual sexual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 712 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 713 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 714 pregnancy pregnancy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 715 Category Category NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 716 Authority Authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 717 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 718 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 719 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 720 cb11931223x cb11931223x NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 721 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 722 data data NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 723 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 724 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 725 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 726 4019589 4019589 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 727 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 728 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 729 LCCN LCCN NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 730 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 731 sh85023401 sh85023401 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 732 NARA NARA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 733 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 734 10638582 10638582 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 735 NDL ndl NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 736 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 737 00572454 00572454 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 738 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 739 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 740 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 741 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Childbirth&oldid=993448636 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Childbirth&oldid=993448636 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 742 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 743 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 744 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 745 Childbirth Childbirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 746 Midwifery Midwifery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 747 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 748 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 749 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 750 Webarchive webarchive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 751 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 752 wayback wayback NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 753 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 754 Pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 755 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 756 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 757 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 758 subscription subscription NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 759 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 760 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 761 content content NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 762 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 763 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 764 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 765 missing miss VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 766 periodical periodical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 767 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 768 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 769 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 770 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 771 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 772 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 773 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 774 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 775 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 776 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 777 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 778 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 779 volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 780 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 781 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 782 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 783 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 784 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 785 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 786 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 787 matches match VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 788 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 789 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 790 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 791 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 792 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 793 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 794 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 795 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 796 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 797 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 798 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 799 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 800 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 801 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 802 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 803 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 804 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 805 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 806 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 807 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 808 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 809 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 810 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 811 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 812 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 813 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 814 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 815 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 816 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 817 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 818 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 819 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 820 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 821 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 822 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 823 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 824 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 825 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 826 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 827 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 828 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 829 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 830 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 831 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 832 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 833 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 834 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 835 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 836 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 837 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 838 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 839 NARA NARA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 840 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 841 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 842 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 843 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 844 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 845 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 846 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 847 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 848 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 849 ready ready JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 850 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 851 translate translate VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 852 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 853 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 854 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 855 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 856 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 857 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 858 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 859 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 860 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 861 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 862 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 863 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 864 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 865 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 866 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 867 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 868 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 869 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 870 Read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 871 Edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 872 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 873 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 874 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 875 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 876 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 877 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 878 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 879 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 880 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 881 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 882 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 883 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 884 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 885 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 886 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 887 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 888 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 889 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 890 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 891 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 892 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 893 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 894 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 895 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 896 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 897 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 898 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 899 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 900 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 901 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 902 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 903 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 904 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 905 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 906 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 907 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 908 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 909 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 910 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 911 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 912 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 913 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 914 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 915 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 916 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 917 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 918 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 919 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 920 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 921 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 922 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 923 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 924 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 925 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 926 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 927 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 928 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 929 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 930 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 931 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 932 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 933 Akan Akan NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 934 العربية العربية NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 935 Asturianu Asturianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 936 Avañe'ẽ Avañe'ẽ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 937 Azərbaycanca Azərbaycanca NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 938 বাংলা বাংলা NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 939 Bân bân NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 940 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 941 lâm lâm NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 942 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 943 gú gú NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 944 Башҡортса Башҡортса NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 945 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 946 Bosanski Bosanski NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 947 Brezhoneg Brezhoneg NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 948 Català Català NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 949 Čeština Čeština NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 950 Chi Chi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 951 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 952 Chewa Chewa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 953 ChiShona ChiShona NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 954 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 955 Eesti Eesti NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 956 Ελληνικά Ελληνικά NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 957 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 958 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 959 Euskara Euskara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 960 فارسی فارسی JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 961 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 962 Frysk Frysk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 963 Galego Galego NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 964 ગુજરાતી ગુજરાતી NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 965 客家語 客家語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 966 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 967 Hak Hak NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 968 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 969 kâ kâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 970 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 971 ngî ngî NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 972 한국어 한국어 NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 973 Հայերեն Հայերեն NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 974 हिन्दी हिन्दी NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 975 Hrvatski Hrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 976 Ido Ido NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 977 Igbo Igbo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 978 IsiXhosa IsiXhosa VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 979 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 980 עברית עברית NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 981 ಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ CD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 982 Қазақша Қазақша NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 983 Кыргызча Кыргызча NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 984 Latina Latina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 985 Latviešu Latviešu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 986 Lietuvių Lietuvių NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 987 Magyar Magyar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 988 മലയാളം മലയാളം IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 989 मराठी मराठी NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 990 Mìng Mìng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 991 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 992 dĕ̤ng dĕ̤ng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 993 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 994 ngṳ̄ ngṳ̄ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 995 Монгол Монгол NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 996 မြန်မာဘာသာ မြန်မာဘာသာ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 997 Nederlands Nederlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 998 日本語 日本語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 999 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1000 nynorsk nynorsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1001 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1002 ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଓଡ଼ିଆ VB en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1003 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1004 پنجابی پنجابی NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1005 Polski Polski NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1006 Português Português NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1007 Runa Runa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1008 Simi Simi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1009 Русский Русский NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1010 Scots scot NNS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1011 Sesotho sesotho JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1012 Shqip Shqip NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1013 Simple Simple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1014 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1015 SiSwati SiSwati NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1016 Slovenčina Slovenčina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1017 Slovenščina Slovenščina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1018 کوردی کوردی VBD en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1019 Српски Српски NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1020 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1021 srpski srpski JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1022 Srpskohrvatski Srpskohrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1383 1023 / / SYM 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Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1386 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3038 1386 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3038 1386 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1386 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1386 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-3038 1386 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1386 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3038 1387 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1387 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1387 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1387 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1387 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3038 1387 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1387 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1387 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1387 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-3038 1387 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1387 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1387 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3038 1387 13 statement statement NN