id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 1 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 5 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 7 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 8 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 11 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 12 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 13 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 15 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 16 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 18 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 20 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 22 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 24 redirects redirect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 25 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 1 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 2 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 2 2 branches branch NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 2 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 2 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 2 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 2 6 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 2 7 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 2 8 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 2 9 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 2 10 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 2 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 2 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 2 13 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 2 14 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 2 15 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 2 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 2 17 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 2 18 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 2 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 1 Buddhism buddhism NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 3 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 4 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 5 Institutions Institutions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 7 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 9 ① ① CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 10 ② ② CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 11 ③ ③ CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 12 ❶ ❶ CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 13 Monasticism monasticism NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 15 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 16 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 18 Jintai Jintai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 19 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 21 Zhuhai Zhuhai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 23 Guangdong Guangdong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 25 mainland mainland NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 26 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 3 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 1 ❷ ❷ LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 2 Cross cross JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 4 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 5 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 6 centres centre NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 8 Inner inner JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 12 Brahma Brahma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 13 Palace Palace NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 16 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 17 Vatican Vatican NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 19 simplified simplify VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 20 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 22 梵宮 梵宮 XX en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 23 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 24 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 25 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 26 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 27 梵宫 梵宫 UH en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 28 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 29 pinyin pinyin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 30 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 31 fàn fàn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 32 gōng gōng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 35 Wuxi Wuxi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 37 Jiangsu Jiangsu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 39 mainland mainland NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 40 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 42 focus focus NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 44 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 45 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 47 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 48 East east JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 49 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 50 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 51 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 4 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 1 ❸ ❸ LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 2 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 3 movements movement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 6 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 7 house house NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 8 church church NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 10 居士林 居士林 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 11 jūshìlín jūshìlín NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 14 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 17 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 19 lay lay JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 20 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 21 congregations congregation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 24 Beijing Beijing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 5 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 1 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 4 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 6 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 8 Unique Unique NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 9 Doctrines Doctrines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 10 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 11 Mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 13 Awakening Awakening NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 14 Skillful Skillful NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 15 Means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 16 Transcendent Transcendent NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 17 Wisdom Wisdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 19 Transcendent transcendent NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 20 Virtues virtue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 21 Emptiness emptiness NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 22 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 23 consciousness consciousness NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 24 doctrine doctrine NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 25 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 26 bodies body NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 29 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 30 Non Non NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 31 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 32 abiding abide VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 33 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 34 Key Key NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 35 sutras sutra NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 36 Prajñāpāramitā Prajñāpāramitā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 37 sūtras sūtra VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 38 Mahāratnakūṭa Mahāratnakūṭa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 39 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 40 Lotus Lotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 41 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 42 Vimalakīrti Vimalakīrti NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 43 Sutra Sutra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 44 Avataṃsaka Avataṃsaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 45 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 46 Brahmajāla Brahmajāla NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 47 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 48 Daśabhūmika Daśabhūmika VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 49 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 50 Saṃdhinirmocana Saṃdhinirmocana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 51 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 52 Tathāgatagarbha Tathāgatagarbha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 53 sūtras sūtra NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 54 Śūraṅgama Śūraṅgama NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 55 Samādhi Samādhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 56 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 57 Laṅkāvatāra Laṅkāvatāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 58 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 59 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 60 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 61 Mādhyamaka Mādhyamaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 62 Yogācāra Yogācāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 63 Vajrayāna Vajrayāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 64 Tiantai Tiantai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 65 Huayan Huayan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 66 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 67 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 68 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 69 Nichiren Nichiren NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 70 Regional Regional NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 71 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 72 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 73 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 74 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 75 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 76 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 77 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 78 Nepal Nepal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 79 Newar Newar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 80 Bhutan Bhutan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 81 Mongolia Mongolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 82 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 83 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 84 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 85 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 86 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 87 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 88 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 89 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 90 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 91 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 92 汉传佛教 汉传佛教 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 93 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 94 漢傳佛教 漢傳佛教 NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 95 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 96 Gandhara Gandhara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 97 Kushan Kushan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 98 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 99 Dharmaguptaka Dharmaguptaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 100 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 101 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 102 transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 103 Major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 104 figures figure VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 105 Kumārajīva Kumārajīva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 106 Xuanzang Xuanzang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 107 Huiyuan Huiyuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 108 Zhiyi Zhiyi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 109 Bodhidharma Bodhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 110 Huineng Huineng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 111 Taixu Taixu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 112 Hsu Hsu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 113 Yun Yun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 114 Hsuan Hsuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 115 Hua Hua NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 116 Nan Nan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 117 Huai Huai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 118 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 119 Chin Chin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 120 Traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 121 Chan Chan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 122 Tiantai Tiantai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 123 Huayan Huayan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 124 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 125 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 126 Weishi Weishi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 127 Sanlun Sanlun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 128 Tangmi Tangmi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 129 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 130 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 131 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 132 canon canon NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 133 Taishō Taishō NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 134 Tripiṭaka Tripiṭaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 135 Architecture Architecture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 136 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 137 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 138 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 139 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 140 Bodhimaṇḍas Bodhimaṇḍas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 141 Wutai Wutai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 142 Emei Emei NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 143 Jiuhua Jiuhua NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 144 Putuo Putuo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 145 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 146 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 147 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 148 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 149 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 150 Cuisine Cuisine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 151 Martial Martial NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 152 arts art NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 153 Jingtu Jingtu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 154 Diyu Diyu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 155 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 156 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 157 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 158 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 159 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 160 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 161 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 162 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 163 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 164 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 165 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 166 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 167 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 168 Pre Pre NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 169 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 170 sectarian sectarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 171 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 172 Councils Councils NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 173 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 174 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 175 transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 176 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 177 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 178 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 179 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 180 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 181 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 182 subcontinent subcontinent NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 183 Later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 184 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 185 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 186 modernism modernism NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 187 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 188 Concepts Concepts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 189 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 190 Noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 191 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 192 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 193 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 194 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 195 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 196 wheel wheel NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 197 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 198 Aggregates aggregate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 199 Impermanence impermanence VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 200 Suffering suffer VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 201 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 202 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 203 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 204 Dependent Dependent NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 205 Origination origination NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 206 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 207 Way Way NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 208 Emptiness emptiness NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 209 Morality morality NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 210 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 211 Rebirth Rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 212 Saṃsāra Saṃsāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 213 Cosmology Cosmology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 214 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 215 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 216 Buddhavacana Buddhavacana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 217 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 218 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 219 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 220 Tripiṭaka Tripiṭaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 221 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 222 Sutras Sutras NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 223 Pāli Pāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 224 Canon Canon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 225 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 226 canon canon JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 227 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 228 canon canon NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 229 Practices Practices NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 230 Three Three NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 231 Jewels jewel NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 232 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 233 Paths Paths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 234 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 235 liberation liberation VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 236 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 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Navayana Navayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 278 Newar Newar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 279 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 280 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 281 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 282 Bhutan Bhutan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 283 Cambodia Cambodia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 284 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 285 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 286 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 287 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 288 Laos Laos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 289 Mongolia Mongolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 290 Myanmar Myanmar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 291 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 292 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 293 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 294 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 295 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 296 Tibet Tibet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 297 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 298 Outline Outline NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 299   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 300 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 301 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 302 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 303 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 304 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 305 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 306 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 307 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 308 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 309 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 310 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 311 shaped shape VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 312 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 313 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 314 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 315 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 316 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 317 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 318 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 319 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 320 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 321 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 322 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 323 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 324 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 325 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 326 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 327 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 328 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 329 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 330 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 331 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 332 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 6 333 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 2 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 5 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 6 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 8 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 9 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 10 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 11 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 12 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 15 inclusion inclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 17 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 18 translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 19 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 21 Taoist taoist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 23 Confucian confucian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 24 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 25 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 27 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 28 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 30 printed print VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 31 canon canon NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 32 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 33 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 35 reaching reach VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 7 36 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A.D. 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15 19 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 20 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 21 Jiangsu Jiangsu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 24 delighted delight VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 27 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 29 Huang Huang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 31 Lao Lao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 32 Daoism Daoism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 35 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 36 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 37 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 38 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 40 laypeople laypeople NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 41 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 42 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 43 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 44 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 45 presided preside VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 46 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 47 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 48 ceremonies ceremony NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 15 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 5 overland overland NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 6 route route NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 7 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 9 favored favor VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 11 Tang Tang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 12 Yongtong Yongtong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 14 proposed propose VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 16 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 17 disseminated disseminate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 18 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 19 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 20 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 21 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 23 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 26 Kushan Kushan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 27 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 31 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 32 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 34 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 35 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 36 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 38 Da Da NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 39 Yuezhi Yuezhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 41 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 42 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 43 Yuezhi Yuezhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 44 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 47 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 49 founding found VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 50 tribe tribe NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 16 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 4 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 8 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 9 practiced practice VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 11 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 14 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 15 Regions Regions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 18 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 19 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 20 Luoyang Luoyang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 22 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 23 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 24 Henan Henan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 27 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 28 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 29 Ming Ming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 31 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 32 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 34 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 35 Horse Horse NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 36 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 38 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 39 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 17 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 2 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 4 Rong Rong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 5 Xinjiang Xinjiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 8 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 9 professor professor NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 11 Peking Peking NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 12 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 14 reexamined reexamine VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 16 overland overland NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 18 maritime maritime NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 19 hypotheses hypothesis NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 20 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 22 multi multi JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 23 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 24 disciplinary disciplinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 25 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 27 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 28 discoveries discovery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 30 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 32 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 34 Gandhāran Gandhāran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 35 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 36 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 39 concluded conclude VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 40 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 41 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 42 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 43 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 44 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 45 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 46 transmitted transmit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 47 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 48 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 49 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 51 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 52 route route NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 53 comparatively comparatively RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 54 lacks lack VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 55 convincing convincing JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 56 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 57 supporting support VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 58 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 61 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 62 arguments argument NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 63 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 64 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 65 sufficiently sufficiently RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 66 rigorous rigorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 18 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 1 Based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 4 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 5 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 6 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 9 archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 10 iconographic iconographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 11 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 12 discovered discover VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 13 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 15 1980s 1980 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 17 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 19 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 21 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 22 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 23 manuscripts manuscript NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 24 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 25 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 27 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 30 commentator commentator NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 31 believes believe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 32 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 34 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 35 plausible plausible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 36 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 37 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 38 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 39 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 40 reached reach VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 41 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 42 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 44 Greater Greater NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 45 Yuezhi Yuezhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 47 northwest northwest NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 48 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 50 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 52 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 53 route route NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 54 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 55 reach reach VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 56 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 57 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 19 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 2 entering enter VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 3 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 4 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 7 blended blend VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 9 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 10 Daoism Daoism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 12 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 13 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 14 esoteric esoteric JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 15 arts art NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 18 iconography iconography NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 19 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 20 blind blind JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 21 worship worship NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 20 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 5 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 6 sinologist sinologist NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 7 Henri Henri NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 8 Maspero Maspero NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 9 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 14 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 15 curious curious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 16 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 20 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 22 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 23 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 24 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 26 Daoism Daoism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 28 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 29 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 31 constantly constantly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 32 confused confused JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 34 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 36 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 37 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 21 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 5 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 6 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 7 prince prince NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 8 Liu Liu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 9 Ying Ying NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 11 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 12 supported support VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 13 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 14 Daoists Daoists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 16 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 19 166 166 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 20 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 21 Huan Huan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 23 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 24 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 25 offerings offering NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 28 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 30 sacrifices sacrifice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 33 Huang Huang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 35 Lao Lao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 36 gods god VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 37 Yellow Yellow NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 38 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 40 Laozi Laozi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 22 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 2 5 5 LS 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en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 28 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 30 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 31 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 32 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 33 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 34 calls call VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 35 dàdào dàdào NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 37 大道 大道 UH en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 40 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 41 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 42 Dao Dao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 23 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 1 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 2 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 4 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 5 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 8 yet yet RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 9 understood understand VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 11 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 12 Way Way NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 14 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 18 studied study VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 19 Taoist taoist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 20 practises practise NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 24 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 25 1 Hundreds hundred NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 25 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 25 3 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 25 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 25 5 recipes recipe NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 25 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 25 7 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 25 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 25 9 longevity longevity NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 25 10 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 25 11 abstention abstention NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 25 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 25 13 cereals cereal NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 25 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 26 1 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 26 2 practised practise VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 26 3 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 26 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 26 5 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 26 6 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 26 7 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 26 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 26 9 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 26 10 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 26 11 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 26 12 put put VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 26 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 26 14 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 26 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 26 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 26 17 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 26 18 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 26 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 27 1 That that DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 27 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 27 3 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-3382 27 4 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 27 5 abandoned abandon VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 27 6 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 27 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 4 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 5 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 8 conflated conflate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 10 mixed mix VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 12 Daoism Daoism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 17 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 18 Daoist daoist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 19 circles circle NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 22 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 23 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 24 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 25 adepts adept NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 28 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 1 Traces trace NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 3 evident evident JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 5 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 6 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 7 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 8 translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 10 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 11 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 14 hardly hardly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 15 differentiated differentiate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 16 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 17 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 18 nirvana nirvana NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 20 Daoist daoist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 21 immortality immortality NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 29 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 1 Wuwei Wuwei NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 4 Daoist daoist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 5 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 7 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 8 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 9 interference interference NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 13 normal normal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 14 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 16 translating translate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 17 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 18 nirvana nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 22 transcribed transcribe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 24 nièpán nièpán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 26 涅槃 涅槃 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 29 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 30 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 31 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 30 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 2 7 7 LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 4 Traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 5 accounts[edit accounts[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 7 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 8 Horse Horse NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 9 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 11 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 12 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 17 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 19 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 20 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 31 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 2 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 4 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 5 accounts account NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 7 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 8 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 9 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 10 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 11 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 14 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 16 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 17 legends legend NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 18 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 20 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 22 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 23 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 24 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 32 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 4 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 5 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 6 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 8 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 9 Ming Ming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 11 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 13 28–75 28–75 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 14 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 16 precipitated precipitate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 18 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 20 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 21 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 22 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 23 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 33 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 3 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 4 3rd 3rd NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 7 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 10 Mouzi Mouzi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 11 Lihuolun Lihuolun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 12 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 13 records record VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 14 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 15 legend legend NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 17 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 18 olden olden JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 19 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 20 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 21 Ming Ming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 22 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 25 dream dream NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 27 god god NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 28 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 29 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 30 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 34 31 the the DT 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en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 17 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 19 somebody somebody NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 20 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 21 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 22 attained attain VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 24 Dao Dao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 26 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 27 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 28 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 29 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 31 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 32 flies fly VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 35 air air NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 37 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 38 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 39 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 41 brilliance brilliance NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 44 sun sun NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 45 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 46 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 47 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 48 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 49 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 50 god god NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 36 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 3 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 6 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 7 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 8 sent send VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 10 envoy envoy NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 12 Tianzhu Tianzhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 14 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 15 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 18 inquire inquire VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 19 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 21 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 24 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 37 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 4 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 5 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 7 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 9 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 10 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 11 returned return VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 13 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 16 backs back NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 18 white white JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 19 horses horse NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 21 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 23 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 24 Horse Horse NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 25 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 27 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 38 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 39 1 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 39 2 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 39 3 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 39 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 39 5 returned return VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 39 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 39 7 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 39 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 39 9 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 39 10 Dharmaratna Dharmaratna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 39 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 39 12 Kaśyapa Kaśyapa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 39 13 Mātaṅga Mātaṅga NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 39 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 2 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 5 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 6 fresco fresco NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 8 Mogao Mogao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 9 Caves Caves NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 10 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 11 Dunhuang Dunhuang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 13 Gansu Gansu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 14 portrays portray VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 15 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 16 Wu Wu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 18 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 20 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 21 141–87 141–87 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 22 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 24 worshiping worship VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 25 statues statue NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 28 golden golden JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 29 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 32 golden golden JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 33 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 34 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 35 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 36 121 121 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 37 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 38 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 40 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 41 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 42 general general NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 44 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 45 campaigns campaign NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 46 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 48 nomads nomad NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 49 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 40 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 3 neither neither CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 5 Shiji Shiji NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 6 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 7 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 9 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 10 histories history NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 12 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 13 Wu Wu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 14 mentions mention VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 16 golden golden JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 17 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 18 statue statue NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 20 compare compare VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 21 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 22 Ming Ming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 23 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 41 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 3 translations[edit translations[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 5 Mogao Mogao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 6 Caves Caves NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 7 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 10 mural mural NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 11 depicting depict VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 13 legend legend NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 15 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 16 Wu Wu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 18 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 19 worshipping worship VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 20 buddha buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 21 statues statue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 22 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 23 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 24 documented document VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 25 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 27 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 28 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 30 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 31 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 32 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 33 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 34 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 35 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 37 148 148 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 38 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 39 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 41 arrival arrival NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 44 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 45 prince prince NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 46 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 47 turned turn VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 48 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 49 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 50 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 51 Shigao Shigao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 53 Ch Ch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 42 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 43 1 安世高 安世高 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 43 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 43 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 2 worked work VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 4 establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 5 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 6 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 8 Luoyang Luoyang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 10 organized organize VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 12 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 14 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 15 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 16 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 17 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 19 testifying testify VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 22 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 25 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 27 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 28 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 29 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 30 proselytism proselytism NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 31 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 32 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 34 last last VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 35 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 36 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 44 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 45 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 45 2 Shigao Shigao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 45 3 translated translate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 45 4 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 45 5 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 45 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 45 7 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 45 8 doctrines doctrine NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 45 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 45 10 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 45 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 45 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 45 13 abhidharma abhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 45 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 46 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 46 2 Xuan Xuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 46 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 46 4 Ch ch NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 46 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 1 安玄 安玄 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 5 Parthian parthian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 6 layman layman NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 7 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 8 worked work VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 9 alongside alongside IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 10 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 11 Shigao Shigao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 13 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 14 translated translate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 16 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 17 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 18 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 19 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 22 bodhisattva bodhisattva NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 23 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 47 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 48 1 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 48 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 48 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 48 4 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 48 5 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 48 6 propagated propagate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 48 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 48 8 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 48 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 48 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 48 11 Kushan Kushan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 48 12 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 48 13 Lokakṣema Lokakṣema NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 48 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 48 15 Ch Ch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 48 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 49 1 支婁迦讖 支婁迦讖 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 49 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 49 3 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 49 4 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 49 5 164–186 164–186 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 49 6 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 49 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 49 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 49 9 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 49 10 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 49 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 49 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 49 13 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 49 14 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 49 15 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 49 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 49 17 Gandhāra Gandhāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 49 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 1 Lokakṣema Lokakṣema NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 2 translated translate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 3 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 4 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 5 sūtras sūtra NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 9 Aṣṭasāhasrikā Aṣṭasāhasrikā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 10 Prajñāpāramitā Prajñāpāramitā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 11 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 13 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 14 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 16 rare rare JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 18 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 19 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 20 sūtras sūtra NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 22 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 23 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 25 samādhi samādhi NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 28 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 29 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 31 buddha buddha NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 32 Akṣobhya Akṣobhya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 50 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 51 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 51 2 translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 51 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 51 4 Lokakṣema Lokakṣema NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 51 5 continue continue VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 51 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 51 7 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 51 8 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 51 9 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 51 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 51 11 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 51 12 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 51 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 51 14 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 51 15 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 51 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 2 corpus corpus NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 4 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 5 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 6 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 7 emphasizes emphasize VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 8 ascetic ascetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 9 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 11 forest forest NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 12 dwelling dwelling NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 15 absorption absorption NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 17 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 19 meditative meditative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 20 concentration:[10 concentration:[10 NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 22 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 23 Harrison Harrison NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 24 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 25 worked work VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 27 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 30 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 31 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 32 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 33 arguably arguably RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 35 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 36 versions version NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 37 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 38 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 41 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 42 sūtras sūtra NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 44 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 45 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 46 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 47 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 50 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 51 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 54 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 55 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 56 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 57 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 59 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 60 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 61 Scythian scythian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 62 translator translator NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 63 Lokakṣema Lokakṣema NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 52 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 1 Harrison Harrison NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 2 points point VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 5 enthusiasm enthusiasm NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 8 Lokakṣema Lokakṣema NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 9 sūtra sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 10 corpus corpus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 13 extra extra JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 14 ascetic ascetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 15 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 18 dwelling dwelling NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 21 forest forest NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 24 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 25 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 27 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 29 meditative meditative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 30 absorption absorption NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 32 samādhi samādhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 53 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 1 Meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 3 meditative meditative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 4 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 5 seem seem VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 7 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 8 occupied occupy VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 10 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 11 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 13 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 14 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 16 certainly certainly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 17 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 20 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 21 efficacy efficacy NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 22 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 23 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 24 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 25 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 26 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 27 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 28 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 29 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 31 fresh fresh JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 32 revelations revelation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 34 inspiration inspiration NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 54 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 55 1 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 55 2 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 55 3 schools[edit schools[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 55 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 55 5 Jiangnan Jiangnan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 55 6 funerary funerary NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 55 7 jar jar NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 55 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 55 9 ca ca NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 55 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 56 1 250–300 250–300 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 56 2 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 56 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 56 4 Jin Jin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 56 5 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 56 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 56 7 decorated decorate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 56 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 56 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 56 10 row row NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 56 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 56 12 Buddhas Buddhas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 56 13 seated seat VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 56 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 56 15 lotus lotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 56 16 thrones throne NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 56 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 7 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 9 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 13 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 14 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 15 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 16 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 17 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 19 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 22 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 23 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 25 studied study VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 27 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 29 Dharmaguptakas Dharmaguptakas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 31 Mahīśāsakas Mahīśāsakas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 33 Kāśyapīyas Kāśyapīyas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 35 Sarvāstivādins Sarvāstivādins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 39 Mahāsāṃghikas Mahāsāṃghikas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 57 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 5 Dharmaguptakas Dharmaguptakas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 6 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 7 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 8 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 9 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 10 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 11 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 12 sect sect NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 14 spread spread VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 15 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 16 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 17 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 20 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 21 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 23 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 25 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 26 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 29 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 32 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 33 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 34 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 35 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 37 doing do VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 38 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 58 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 4 Therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 6 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 7 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 9 adopted adopt VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 12 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 14 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 15 adopted adopt VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 17 Dharmaguptaka Dharmaguptaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 18 vinaya vinaya NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 20 ordination ordination NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 21 lineage lineage NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 23 bhikṣus bhikṣus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 25 bhikṣuṇīs bhikṣuṇīs NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 59 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 60 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 60 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 60 3 A.K. A.K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 1 Warder Warder NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 4 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 5 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 7 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 8 East east JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 9 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 10 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 13 Dharmaguptaka Dharmaguptaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 14 sect sect NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 15 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 17 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 19 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 20 survived survive VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 23 present present NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 61 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 4 Warder Warder NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 5 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 6 writes write VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 9 Dharmaguptakas Dharmaguptakas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 10 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 12 credited credit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 14 effectively effectively RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 15 establishing establish VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 16 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 17 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 18 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 20 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 21 period:[15 period:[15 NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 23 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 26 Dharmaguptakas Dharmaguptakas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 27 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 28 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 30 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 31 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 33 establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 34 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 36 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 37 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 62 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 2 appear appear VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 4 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 5 carried carry VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 6 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 8 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 9 circling circling NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 10 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 11 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 13 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 14 routes route NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 16 Aparānta Aparānta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 17 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 19 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 20 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 21 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 23 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 25 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 26 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 27 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 28 Oḍḍiyāna Oḍḍiyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 31 Suvastu Suvastu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 32 valley valley NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 34 north north RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 36 Gandhāra Gandhāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 38 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 39 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 40 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 42 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 43 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 44 centres centre NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 63 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 2 establishing establish VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 3 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 5 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 6 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 8 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 9 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 10 followed follow VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 13 silk silk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 14 route route NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 18 east east NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 20 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 21 axis axi NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 23 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 25 eastwards eastward NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 26 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 27 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 28 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 30 on on RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 31 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 32 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 34 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 35 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 36 effectively effectively RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 37 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 38 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 41 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 43 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 44 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 64 45 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 65 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 65 2 Mahīśāsakas Mahīśāsakas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 65 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 65 4 Kāśyapīyas Kāśyapīyas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 65 5 appear appear VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 65 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 65 7 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 65 8 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 65 9 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 65 10 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 65 11 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 65 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 65 13 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 65 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 2 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 6 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 7 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 9 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 14 Dharmaguptakas Dharmaguptakas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 15 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 16 constituted constitute VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 18 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 20 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 21 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 22 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 25 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 26 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 27 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 28 Vinaya Vinaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 29 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 31 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 34 discipline discipline NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 35 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 66 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 1 Six six CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 2 Dynasties dynasty NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 4 220–589)[edit 220–589)[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 6 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 9 Six six CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 10 Dynasties dynasty NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 11 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 12 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 13 methods[edit methods[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 15 Statue Statue NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 17 Kumārajīva Kumārajīva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 19 front front NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 22 Kizil Kizil NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 23 Caves Caves NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 25 Kuqa Kuqa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 27 Xinjiang Xinjiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 28 Autonomous Autonomous NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 29 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 31 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 32 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 33 Tripiṭaka Tripiṭaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 34 Koreana Koreana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 67 35 , , , 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71 2 17][18 17][18 LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 5 appealed appeal VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 7 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 8 intellectuals intellectual NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 10 elites elite NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 13 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 15 gentry gentry NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 16 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 18 sought seek VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 21 alternative alternative NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 23 Confucianism Confucianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 24 and and CC 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daoist NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 71 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 1 Gentry Gentry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 5 medium medium NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 7 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 10 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 12 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 14 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 17 gained gain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 18 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 20 courtly courtly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 21 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 72 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 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Kumārajīva Kumārajīva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 6 334–413 334–413 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 7 CE)[edit ce)[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 9 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 11 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 12 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 13 Kumārajīva Kumārajīva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 15 captured capture VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 16 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 18 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 19 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 22 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 23 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 25 Kucha Kucha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 75 27 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skill NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 78 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 1 Due due IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 4 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 6 Kumārajīva Kumārajīva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 10 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 13 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 14 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 16 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 17 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 18 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 21 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 79 23 high high 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Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 82 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 82 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 82 29 Mūlamadhyamakakārikā Mūlamadhyamakakārikā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 82 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 82 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 82 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 82 33 Aṣṭasāhasrikā Aṣṭasāhasrikā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 82 34 Prajñāpāramitā Prajñāpāramitā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 82 35 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 82 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 83 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 83 2 completed complete VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 83 3 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 83 4 Piṭaka[edit piṭaka[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 83 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 83 6 Around around IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 83 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 83 8 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 83 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 83 10 Kumārajīva Kumārajīva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 83 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 83 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 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Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 97 24 Dynasties Dynasties NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 97 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 97 26 Sui Sui NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 97 27 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 97 28 Chán Chán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 97 29 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 97 30 pointing point VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 97 31 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 97 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 97 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 97 34 mind[edit mind[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 97 35 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 97 36 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 97 37 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 97 38 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 97 39 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 97 40 Chán Chán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 97 41 Ven Ven NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 97 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 1 Master Master NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 2 Wei Wei NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 3 Chueh Chueh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 5 Taiwanese Taiwanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 6 Chán Chán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 7 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 8 master master NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 10 sitting sit VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 12 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 13 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 15 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 19 Chán Chán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 21 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 23 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 24 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 26 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 28 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 29 attributed attribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 32 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 33 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 34 Bodhidharma Bodhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 37 legendary legendary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 38 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 98 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 2 note note NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 3 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 6 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 7 heavily heavily RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 8 utilized utilize VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 10 principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 11 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 14 Laṅkāvatāra Laṅkāvatāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 15 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 18 sūtra sūtra NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 19 utilizing utilize VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 21 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 23 Yogācāra Yogācāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 25 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 27 Tathāgatagarbha Tathāgatagarbha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 30 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 31 teaches teach VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 33 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 34 Vehicle Vehicle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 36 Skt Skt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 99 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 100 1 Ekayāna Ekayāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 100 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 100 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 100 4 buddhahood buddhahood NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 100 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 3 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 4 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 7 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 9 Chán Chán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 11 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 12 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 17 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 18 Vehicle Vehicle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 19 School School NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 101 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 3 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 6 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 7 masters master NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 10 Chán Chán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 11 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 13 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 15 Laṅkāvatāra Laṅkāvatāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 16 Masters Masters NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 21 mastery mastery NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 23 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 24 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 27 principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 30 Laṅkāvatāra Laṅkāvatāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 31 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 102 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 2 principal principal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 3 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 5 Chán Chán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 7 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 8 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 9 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 12 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 14 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 16 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 17 encounter encounter NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 18 stories story NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 20 koans koan NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 24 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 25 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 26 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 28 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 103 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 1 Nan Nan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 2 Huai Huai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 4 Chin Chin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 5 identifies identify VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 7 Laṅkāvatāra Laṅkāvatāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 8 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 11 Diamond Diamond NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 12 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 14 Vajracchedikā Vajracchedikā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 15 Prajñāpāramitā Prajñāpāramitā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 16 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 20 principle principle JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 21 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 24 Chán Chán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 25 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 28 summarizes summarize VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 30 principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 31 succinctly succinctly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 33 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 34 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 35 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 36 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 38 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 39 transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 40 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 42 scriptural scriptural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 43 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 44 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 45 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 46 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 47 posit posit VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 48 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 49 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 50 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 51 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 52 sacred sacred JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 104 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 105 1 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 105 2 pointed point VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 105 3 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 105 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 105 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 105 6 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 105 7 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 105 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 105 9 enable enable VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 105 10 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 105 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 105 12 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 105 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 105 14 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 105 15 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 105 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 105 17 become become VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 105 18 buddhas buddha NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 105 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 2 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 4 Tang Tang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 5 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 7 618–907 618–907 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 8 CE)[edit ce)[edit IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 10 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 13 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 15 Khotan Khotan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 16 Xuanzang Xuanzang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 18 journey journey NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 21 west[edit west[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 24 ruins ruin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 26 Nalanda Nalanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 27 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 29 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 30 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 31 Xuanzang Xuanzang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 32 studied study VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 106 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 107 1 Statue Statue NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 107 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 107 3 Xuanzang Xuanzang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 107 4 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 107 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 107 6 Giant Giant NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 107 7 Wild Wild NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 107 8 Goose Goose NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 107 9 Pagoda Pagoda NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 107 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 107 11 Xi'an Xi'an NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 107 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 3 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 4 Tang Tang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 5 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 7 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 8 629 629 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 10 645 645 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 13 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 14 Xuanzang Xuanzang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 15 journeyed journey VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 17 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 19 visited visit VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 20 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 21 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 22 hundred hundred CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 23 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 26 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 27 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 29 detailed detailed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 30 reports report NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 32 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 33 findings finding NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 35 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 36 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 37 subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 38 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 39 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 42 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 44 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 45 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 46 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 47 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 108 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 3 travels travel NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 4 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 5 visited visit VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 6 holy holy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 7 sites site NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 9 learned learn VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 11 lore lore NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 14 faith faith NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 17 studied study VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 19 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 20 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 21 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 22 masters master NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 24 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 27 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 28 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 30 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 31 learning learn VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 32 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 33 Nālanda Nālanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 34 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 109 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 110 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3382 110 2 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 110 3 returned return VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 110 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 110 5 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 110 6 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 110 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 110 8 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 110 9 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 110 10 657 657 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 110 11 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 110 12 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 110 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 111 1 Xuanzang Xuanzang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 111 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 111 3 returned return VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 111 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 111 5 relics relic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 111 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 111 7 statues statue NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 111 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 111 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 111 10 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 111 11 paraphernalia paraphernalia NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 111 12 loaded load VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 111 13 onto onto IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 111 14 twenty twenty CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 111 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 111 16 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 111 17 horses horse NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 111 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 4 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 6 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 8 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 10 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 11 set set VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 12 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 14 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 15 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 16 bureau bureau NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 18 Chang'an Chang'an NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 20 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 22 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 23 Xi'an Xi'an NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 26 drawing draw VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 27 students student NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 29 collaborators collaborator NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 31 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 32 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 33 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 34 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 112 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 113 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 113 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 113 3 credited credit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 113 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 113 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 113 6 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 113 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 113 8 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 113 9 1,330 1,330 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 113 10 fascicles fascicle NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 113 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 113 12 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 113 13 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 113 14 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 113 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 2 strongest strong JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 3 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 4 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 10 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 12 Yogācāra Yogācāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 16 Consciousness consciousness NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 18 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 114 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 2 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 4 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 5 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 6 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 8 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 10 commentary commentary NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 13 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 15 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 16 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 17 initiated initiate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 19 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 22 Faxiang Faxiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 23 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 25 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 26 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 115 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 3 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 4 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 5 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 7 thrive thrive VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 10 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 11 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 13 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 14 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 15 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 16 perception perception NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 18 consciousness consciousness NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 20 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 22 rebirth rebirth NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 24 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-3382 116 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 117 1 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 117 2 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 117 3 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 117 4 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 117 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 117 6 doctrines doctrine NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 117 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 117 8 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 117 9 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3382 117 10 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 117 11 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 117 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 1 Xuanzang Xuanzang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 3 closest close JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 5 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 6 eminent eminent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 7 student student NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 9 Kuiji Kuiji NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 10 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 12 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 15 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 16 patriarch patriarch NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 19 Faxiang Faxiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 20 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 118 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 119 1 Xuanzang Xuanzang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 119 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 119 3 logic logic NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 119 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 119 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 119 6 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 119 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 119 8 Kuiji Kuiji NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 119 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 119 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 119 11 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 119 12 misunderstood misunderstand VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 119 13 by by IN 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Korean korean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 120 10 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 120 11 Woncheuk Woncheuk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 120 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 121 1 Xuanzang Xuanzang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 121 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 121 3 translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 121 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 121 5 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 121 6 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 121 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 121 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 121 9 transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 121 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 121 11 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 121 12 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 121 13 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 121 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 121 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 121 16 Yogācāra Yogācāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 121 17 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 121 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 122 1 He -PRON- PRP 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122 24 Mahāprajñāpāramitā Mahāprajñāpāramitā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 122 25 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 122 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 122 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 122 28 Bhaiṣajyaguruvaidūryaprabharāja Bhaiṣajyaguruvaidūryaprabharāja NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 122 29 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 122 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 122 31 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 122 32 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 122 33 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 122 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 122 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 3 credited credit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 5 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 7 compiling compile VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 9 Cheng Cheng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 10 Weishi Weishi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 11 Lun Lun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 13 Vijñaptimātratāsiddhi Vijñaptimātratāsiddhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 14 Śāstra Śāstra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 17 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 19 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 20 commentaries commentary NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 22 Vasubandhu Vasubandhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 23 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 24 Triṃśikā Triṃśikā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 26 vijñaptimātratā vijñaptimātratā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 123 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 124 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 124 2 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 124 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 124 4 the the DT 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Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 125 10 canon canon NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 125 11 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 125 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 125 13 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 125 14 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 125 15 translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 125 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 125 17 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 125 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 125 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 125 20 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3382 125 21 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 125 22 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 125 23 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 125 24 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 125 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 126 1 Caves cave NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 126 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 126 3 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 126 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 126 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 126 6 technology[edit technology[edit LS 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135 18 1907 1907 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 135 19 inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 135 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 135 21 Mogao Mogao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 135 22 Caves Caves NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 135 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 135 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 135 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 135 26 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 135 27 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 135 28 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 135 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 135 30 block block NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 135 31 printing printing NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 135 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 136 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 136 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 136 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 136 4 Arrival Arrival NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 136 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 136 6 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 136 7 Buddhism[edit Buddhism[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 136 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 136 9 Chinese 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en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 9 Masters Masters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 11 Śubhakarasiṃha Śubhakarasiṃha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 13 Vajrabodhi Vajrabodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 16 Amoghavajra Amoghavajra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 18 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 19 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 20 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 22 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 24 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 25 716 716 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 27 720 720 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 28 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 30 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 32 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 33 Xuanzong Xuanzong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 137 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 2 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 4 Daxing Daxing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 5 Shansi Shansi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 7 大興善寺 大興善寺 UH en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 9 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 10 Propagating Propagating NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 11 Goodness Goodness NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 12 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 18 predecessor predecessor NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 20 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 23 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 24 Enlightener Enlightener NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 25 Mahavairocana Mahavairocana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 138 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 1 Daxing daxe VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 2 Shansi Shansi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 4 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 7 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 8 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 9 Chang'an Chang'an NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 11 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 13 Xi'an Xi'an NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 16 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 17 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 20 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 21 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 22 centers center NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 24 scripture scripture NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 25 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 26 supported support VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 29 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 30 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 139 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 140 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 140 2 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 140 3 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 140 4 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 140 5 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 140 6 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 140 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 140 8 sutra sutra NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 140 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 140 10 tantra tantra NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 140 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 140 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 140 13 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 140 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 140 15 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 140 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 2 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 4 assimilated assimilate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 6 prevailing prevail VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 7 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 9 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 11 Daoism daoism NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 13 Confucianism Confucianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 16 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 19 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 20 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 21 evolved evolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 23 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 26 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 27 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 141 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 2 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 5 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 7 mysterious mysterious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 9 dynamic dynamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 12 magical magical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 13 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 16 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 17 mantra mantra JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 18 formula formula NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 20 detailed detailed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 21 rituals ritual NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 23 protect protect VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 25 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 27 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 28 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 31 affect affect VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 33 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 34 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 35 fate fate NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 36 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 37 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 41 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 42 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 44 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 45 bring bring VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 46 rain rain NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 48 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 50 drought drought NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 142 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 4 surprising surprising JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 6 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 9 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 10 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 11 masters master NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 13 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 14 received receive VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 17 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 18 Tang Tang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 19 Xuanzong Xuanzong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 22 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 23 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 25 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 26 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 27 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 28 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 30 Tang Tang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 31 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 33 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 35 elite elite NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 143 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 1 Mantrayana Mantrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 2 altars altar NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 4 installed instal VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 6 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 9 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 14 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 16 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 17 Tang Tang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 18 Daizong Daizong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 20 r. r. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 21 762–779 762–779 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 23 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 24 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 25 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 27 upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 28 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 29 outstripped outstrip VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 30 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 32 Daoism Daoism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 144 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 145 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 145 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 145 3 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 145 4 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 145 5 Amoghavajra Amoghavajra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 145 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 145 7 Daizong Daizong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 145 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 145 9 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 145 10 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 145 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 2 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 4 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 5 favored favor VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 6 Amoghavajra Amoghavajra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 8 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 10 gifts gift NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 13 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 15 master master NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 16 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 18 774 774 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 20 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 21 honored honor VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 22 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 23 memory memory NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 26 stupa stupa NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 29 funeral funeral NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 30 monument monument NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 146 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 2 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 3 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 4 lineage lineage NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 6 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 9 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 10 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 12 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 14 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 17 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 20 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 21 wiped wipe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 22 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 25 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 26 Tang Tang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 27 Wuzong Wuzong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 29 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 32 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 33 Anti Anti NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 34 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 35 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 36 Persecution Persecution NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 147 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 148 1 Master Master NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 148 2 Huiguo Huiguo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 148 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 148 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 148 5 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 148 6 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 148 7 disciple disciple NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 148 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 148 9 Amoghavajra Amoghavajra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 148 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 148 11 foresaw foresaw VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 148 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 148 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 3 happy happy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 5 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 7 arrival arrival NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 9 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 10 student student NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 11 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 12 Kūkai Kūkai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 14 tried try VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 16 teach teach VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 17 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 18 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 19 details detail NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 21 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 22 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 23 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 24 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 25 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 27 consisting consist VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 29 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 30 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 31 divisions division NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 34 Womb Womb NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 35 Realm Realm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 38 Diamond Diamond NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 39 Realm Realm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 149 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 1 Master Master NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 2 Kukai Kukai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 3 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 4 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 6 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 8 establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 10 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 11 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 12 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 14 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 16 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 17 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 19 Shingon Shingon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 20 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 150 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 151 1 Huiguo Huiguo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 151 2 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 151 3 shortly shortly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 151 4 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 151 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 151 6 meeting meeting NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 151 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 151 8 Kukai Kukai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 151 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 151 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 151 11 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 151 12 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 151 13 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 151 14 Wuzong Wuzong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 151 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 151 16 persecution persecution NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 151 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 2 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 3 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 4 lineages lineage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 5 transmitted transmit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 7 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 8 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 10 auspices auspex NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 13 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 14 Kūkai Kūkai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 16 Saicho Saicho NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 18 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 19 formulated formulate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 21 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 22 transmitted transmit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 24 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 26 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 28 Shingon Shingon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 29 sect sect NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 32 Tendai Tendai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 33 sect sect NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 152 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 1 Tang Tang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 2 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 3 repression repression NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 5 845[edit 845[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 7 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 10 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 11 Anti Anti NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 12 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 13 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 14 Persecution Persecution NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 15 Blue blue JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 17 eyed eyed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 18 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 19 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 20 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 21 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 22 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 24 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 25 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 27 Bezeklik Bezeklik NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 29 Turpan Turpan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 31 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 32 Tarim Tarim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 33 Basin Basin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 35 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 37 9th 9th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 38 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 39 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 41 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 42 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 44 left left NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 45 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 46 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 47 Tocharian,[39 Tocharian,[39 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 48 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 49 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 50 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 51 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 52 Sogdian Sogdian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 153 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 154 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 154 2 40][41 40][41 LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 154 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 154 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3382 154 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 154 6 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 154 7 components component NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 154 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 154 9 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 154 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 154 11 opposition opposition NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 154 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 154 13 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 154 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 155 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 155 2 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 155 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 155 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 155 5 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 155 6 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 155 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 155 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 155 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 155 10 unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 155 11 Taoism Taoism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 155 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 155 13 Confucianism Confucianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 155 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 1 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 2 Yu Yu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 3 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 6 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 9 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 12 barbarians barbarian NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 14 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 16 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 20 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 22 wore wear VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 23 clothes clothe NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 156 26 different different JJ 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22 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 157 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 2 understood understand VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 3 neither neither CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 5 duties duty NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 6 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 7 bind bind VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 8 sovereign sovereign NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 10 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 12 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 14 affections affection NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 16 father father NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 18 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 158 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 2 components component NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 3 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 5 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 6 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 7 withdrawal withdrawal NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 9 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 11 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 13 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 14 believed believe VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 16 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 17 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 18 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 19 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 20 involved involve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 22 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 23 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 159 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 160 1 Wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 160 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 160 3 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 160 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 160 5 exemption exemption NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 160 6 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 160 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 160 8 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 160 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 160 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 160 11 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 160 12 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 160 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 160 14 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 160 15 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 160 16 annoyed annoy VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 160 17 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 160 18 critics critic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 160 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 161 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 161 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 161 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 161 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 161 5 mentioned mention VBN 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Yang Yang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 9 count count VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 10 eleven eleven CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 12 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 13 Yan Yan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 15 Qi Qi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 18 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 19 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 20 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 22 viewing view VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 24 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 25 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 27 continuation continuation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 29 Later Later NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 30 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 171 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 172 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 172 2 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 172 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 172 4 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 172 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 172 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 172 7 founding founding NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 172 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 172 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 172 10 Liao Liao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 172 11 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 172 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 173 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 173 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 173 3 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 173 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 173 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 173 6 Tang Tang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 173 7 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 173 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 173 9 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 173 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 173 11 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 173 12 effective 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en-wikipedia-org-3382 178 17 circumstances circumstance NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 178 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 3 Chán Chán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 4 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 7 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 8 stream stream NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 9 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 10 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 13 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 15 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 16 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 17 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 18 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 19 emphasises emphasis NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 22 teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 24 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 27 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 28 orientation orientation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 31 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 179 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 2 Fayan Fayan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 3 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 5 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 6 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 7 Fa Fa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 9 yen yen NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 10 Wen Wen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 12 i i NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 14 885–958 885–958 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 16 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 18 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 19 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 22 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 23 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 25 Nan Nan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 27 T'ang T'ang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 29 Jiangxi Jiangxi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 31 Chiang Chiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 33 hsi hsi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 36 Wuyue Wuyue NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 38 Che Che NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 40 chiang chiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 180 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 4 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 5 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 7 960–1279)[edit 960–1279)[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 9 Seated Seated NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 10 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 11 Avalokitesvara Avalokitesvara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 13 Guanyin Guanyin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 16 wood wood NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 18 pigment pigment NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 20 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 21 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 23 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 24 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 25 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 26 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 28 St. St. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 29 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 30 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 31 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 32 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 33 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 34 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 36 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 37 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 38 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 39 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 40 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 41 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 43 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 44 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 46 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 47 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 181 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 3 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 4 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 6 北宋 北宋 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 8 960–1127 960–1127 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 12 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 13 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 17 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 18 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 20 Bianjing Bianjing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 22 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 23 Kaifeng Kaifeng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 27 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 28 controlled control VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 29 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 31 inner inner JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 32 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 182 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 2 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 3 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 5 南宋 南宋 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 7 1127–1279 1127–1279 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 9 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 12 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 13 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 15 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 16 lost lose VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 17 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 19 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 20 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 23 Jin Jin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 24 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 183 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 3 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 6 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 7 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 8 retreated retreat VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 9 south south RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 12 Yangtze Yangtze NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 13 River River NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 15 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 17 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 19 Lin'an Lin'an NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 21 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 22 Hangzhou Hangzhou NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 184 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 3 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 4 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 6 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 7 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 10 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 11 birthplace birthplace NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 13 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 14 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 15 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 17 Yellow Yellow NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 18 River River NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 21 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 22 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 24 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 26 ruins ruin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 30 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 31 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 32 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 33 contained contain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 34 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 35 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 37 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 38 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 39 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 42 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 45 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 46 productive productive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 47 agricultural agricultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 48 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 185 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 2 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 6 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 7 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 9 Chán Chán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 11 禪 禪 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 14 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 17 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 19 strengthen strengthen VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 20 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 21 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 22 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 24 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 27 Chán Chán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 28 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 30 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 32 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 33 sect sect NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 35 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 36 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 186 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 2 ideal ideal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 3 picture picture NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 6 Chán Chán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 9 Tang Tang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 10 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 12 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 15 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 17 legacy legacy NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 19 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 20 newly newly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 21 acquired acquire VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 22 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 187 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 188 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 188 2 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 188 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 188 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 188 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 188 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 188 7 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 188 8 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 188 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 188 10 Chán Chán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 188 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 188 12 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 188 13 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 188 14 syncretism syncretism NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 188 15 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 188 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 188 17 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 188 18 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 188 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 3 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 5 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 6 ideology ideology NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 7 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 9 merge merge VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 11 Confucianism Confucianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 13 Daoism Daoism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 15 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 17 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 20 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 22 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 23 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 24 philosophical philosophical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 25 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 28 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 30 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 31 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 189 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 1 Various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 2 Confucian confucian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 3 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 6 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 7 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 9 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 10 Zhu Zhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 11 Xi Xi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 13 wg wg NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 15 Chu Chu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 16 Hsi Hsi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 19 sought seek VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 21 redefine redefine VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 22 Confucianism Confucianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 24 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 26 Confucianism Confucianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 190 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 3 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 4 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 7 1021 1021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 8 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 12 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 14 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 16 458,855 458,855 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 17 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 18 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 20 nuns nun NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 21 actively actively RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 22 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 24 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 191 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 5 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 6 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 8 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 10 397,615 397,615 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 12 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 14 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 15 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 17 nuns nun NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 19 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 21 61,240 61,240 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 192 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 4 Mongol Mongol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 5 Yuan Yuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 6 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 8 1279–1368)[edit 1279–1368)[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 10 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 12 Mongol Mongol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 13 Yuan Yuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 14 domination domination NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 17 Mongol Mongol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 18 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 19 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 20 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 21 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 23 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 24 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 26 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 27 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 29 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 32 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 36 Tibetan tibetan JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 37 lamas lama NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 38 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 39 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 40 patronage patronage NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 41 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 43 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 193 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 2 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 5 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 6 perception perception NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 10 patronage patronage NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 12 lamas lama NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 13 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 14 corrupt corrupt JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 15 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 17 tantra tantra NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 19 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 20 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 194 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 2 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 4 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 6 Mongol Mongol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 7 Yuan Yuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 8 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 10 overthrown overthrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 13 Ming Ming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 14 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 16 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 19 Tibetan tibetan JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 20 lamas lama NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 22 expelled expel VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 25 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 28 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 29 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 31 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 32 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 33 denounced denounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 35 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 36 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 37 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 38 orthodox orthodox JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 39 path path NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 195 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 2 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 4 Ming Ming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 5 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 7 1368–1644)[edit 1368–1644)[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 9 Hanshan Hanshan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 10 Deqing Deqing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 13 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 14 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 15 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 18 Ming Ming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 19 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 20 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 22 Weinstein Weinstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 26 Ming Ming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 27 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 30 Chan Chan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 31 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 32 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 33 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 34 firmly firmly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 35 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 36 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 37 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 38 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 39 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 40 affiliated affiliate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 41 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 42 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 44 Linji Linji NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 45 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 46 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 48 Caodong Caodong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 49 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 196 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 2 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 4 Eminent Eminent NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 5 Monks[edit monks[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 7 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 9 Ming Ming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 10 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 12 Hanshan Hanshan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 13 Deqing Deqing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 15 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 18 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 19 reformers reformer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 21 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 22 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 197 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 2 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 4 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 5 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 7 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 8 contemporaries contemporary NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 10 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 11 advocated advocate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 13 dual dual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 14 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 17 Chán Chán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 19 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 20 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 21 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 24 advocated advocate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 26 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 29 nianfo nianfo NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 32 Mindfulness Mindfulness NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 35 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 36 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 38 technique technique NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 40 purify purify VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 42 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 43 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 45 attainment attainment NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 47 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 48 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 49 realization realization NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 198 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 199 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 199 2 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 199 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 199 4 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 199 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 199 6 directed direct VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 199 7 practitioners practitioner NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 199 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 199 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 199 10 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 199 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 199 12 mantras mantra NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 199 13 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 199 14 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 199 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 199 16 scripture scripture NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 199 17 reading reading NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 199 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 200 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 200 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 200 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 200 4 renowned renowne VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 200 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 200 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 200 7 lecturer lecturer NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 200 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 200 9 commentator commentator NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 200 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 200 11 admired admire VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 200 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 200 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 200 14 strict strict JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 200 15 adherence adherence NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 200 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 200 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 200 18 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 200 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 2 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 6 Jiang Jiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 7 Wu Wu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 10 Chan Chan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 11 masters master NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 13 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 14 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 15 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 17 Hanshan Hanshan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 18 Deqing Deqing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 20 training train VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 21 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 22 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 24 cultivation cultivation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 26 encouraged encourage VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 29 clichéd clichéd NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 30 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 31 formulaic formulaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 32 instructions instruction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 33 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 34 despised despise VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 201 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 2 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 4 Eminent Eminent NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 5 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 6 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 7 practiced practice VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 8 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 10 asceticism asceticism NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 11 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 12 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 13 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 14 transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 16 acclaimed acclaim VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 18 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 19 acquiring acquire VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 21 wisdom wisdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 22 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 24 teacher teacher NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 202 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 3 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 5 Eminent Eminent NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 6 Nuns[edit nuns[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 8 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 10 Ming Ming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 11 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 13 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 15 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 16 ages age NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 18 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 20 enter enter VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 22 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 23 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 25 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 26 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 28 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 30 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 31 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 32 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 34 seventy seventy CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 35 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 36 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 203 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 2 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 6 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 7 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 8 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 10 Ming Ming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 11 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 12 entered enter VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 14 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 15 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 17 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 19 nun nun NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 204 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 2 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 3 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 4 fallen fall VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 5 ill ill RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 7 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 9 entering enter VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 11 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 12 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 13 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 15 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 17 relieve relieve VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 19 sufferings suffering NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 205 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 2 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 7 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 9 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 11 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 12 widowed widow VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 13 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 16 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 18 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 19 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 21 betrothed betroth VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 22 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 23 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 25 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 26 chose choose VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 28 join join VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 30 convent convent NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 206 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 2 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 5 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 6 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 8 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 9 widowed widow VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 11 affected affect VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 12 financially financially RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 14 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 15 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 16 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 18 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 20 in in NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 22 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 25 parents parent NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 27 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 29 joining join VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 31 convent convent NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 32 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 33 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 35 bad bad JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 36 option option NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 207 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 2 devoting devote VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 3 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 5 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 7 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 8 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 9 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 10 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 11 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 13 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 14 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 15 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 17 Ming Ming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 18 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 19 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 21 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 23 remain remain VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 24 faithful faithful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 26 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 27 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 208 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 209 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 209 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 209 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 209 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 209 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 209 6 Xia Xia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 209 7 Shuji Shuji NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 209 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 1 Xia Xia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 3 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 4 Hou Hou NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 5 Xun Xun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 8 1591 1591 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 9 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 10 1645 1645 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 13 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 14 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 16 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 18 Jiading Jiading NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 20 arrested arrest VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 22 Qing Qing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 23 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 24 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 25 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 26 on on RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 27 beheaded behead VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 28 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 210 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 2 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 4 Xia Xia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 5 Shuji Shuji NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 6 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 7 secluded seclude VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 8 herself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 11 outside outside JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 12 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 14 devote devote VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 15 herself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 17 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 19 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 20 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 22 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 23 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 25 Shengyin Shengyin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 211 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 2 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 6 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 8 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 9 Ming Ming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 12 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 14 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 15 upheaval upheaval NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 18 monastery monastery NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 20 convent convent NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 21 provided provide VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 22 shelter shelter NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 24 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 25 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 26 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 27 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 28 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 29 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 30 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 33 male male NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 35 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 36 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 37 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 38 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 40 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 41 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 42 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 43 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 44 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 45 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 47 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 48 constraint constraint NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 50 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 51 situations situation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 212 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 2 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 7 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 8 circumstances circumstance NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 11 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 13 wanted want VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 15 join join VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 17 nunnery nunnery NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 19 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 21 wanted want VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 23 escape escape VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 25 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 27 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 28 felt feel VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 29 isolated isolated JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 31 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 32 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 33 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 34 died- died- NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 35 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 36 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 37 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 39 overcome overcome VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 40 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 41 difficulties difficulty NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 42 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 43 arose arise VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 44 socially socially RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 45 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 46 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 47 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 213 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 2 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 4 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 5 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 8 convent convent NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 10 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 13 haven haven NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 15 escape escape VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 17 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 20 unwanted unwanted JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 21 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 214 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 1 Such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 2 difficulties difficulty NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 4 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 7 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 8 expectation expectation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 11 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 15 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 16 unfilial unfilial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 18 leave leave VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 20 duty duty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 23 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 25 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 27 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 29 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 31 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 215 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 2 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 8 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 9 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 10 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 11 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 13 sold sell VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 16 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 18 earn earn VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 19 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 22 convent convent NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 24 reciting recite VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 25 sutras sutra NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 28 performing perform VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 29 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 30 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 31 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 32 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 33 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 34 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 35 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 37 financially financially RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 38 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 39 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 216 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 2 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 4 Jixing Jixing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 5 entered enter VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 6 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 8 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 9 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 12 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 13 girl girl NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 14 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 17 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 19 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 20 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 21 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 22 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 23 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 25 raise raise VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 26 her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 217 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 2 62 62 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 4 Lastly lastly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 6 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 8 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 9 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 10 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 11 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 14 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 15 convent convent NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 16 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 19 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 20 calling calling NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 21 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 22 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 23 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 24 comfort comfort NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 27 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 28 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 30 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 31 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 32 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 33 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 34 Zhang Zhang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 35 Ruyu Ruyu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 218 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 2 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 4 Zhang Zhang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 5 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 7 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 8 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 10 Miaohui Miaohui NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 13 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 14 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 15 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 16 entered enter VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 18 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 19 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 20 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 21 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 23 poem poem NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 24 below below RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 26 Drinking drink VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 27 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 28 Rain Rain NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 30 Flowers Flowers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 31 Terrace Terrace NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 33 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 34 Compose compose VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 36 Description description NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 38 Falling fall VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 39 Leaves Leaves NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 40 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 41 viewing view VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 43 vita vita NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 45 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 46 1000-chi 1000-chi CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 47 terrace terrace NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 219 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 220 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 220 2 discussing discuss VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 220 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 220 4 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 220 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 220 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 220 7 goblet goblet NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 220 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 220 9 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 220 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 221 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 221 2 pure pure JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 221 3 frost frost NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 221 4 laces lace VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 221 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 221 6 tips tip NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 221 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 221 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 221 9 trees tree NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 221 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 221 11 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 221 12 leaves leave VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 221 13 flirt flirt NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 221 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 221 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 221 16 river river NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 221 17 village village NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 221 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 222 1 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 222 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 222 3 wave wave NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 222 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 222 5 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 222 6 float float VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 222 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 222 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 222 9 oars oar NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 222 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 222 11 Gory gory NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 222 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 222 13 decay decay NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 222 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 222 15 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-3382 222 16 sign sign VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 222 17 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 222 18 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 222 19 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3382 223 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 223 2 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 223 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 223 4 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 223 5 ’ve have VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 223 6 happily happily RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 223 7 returned return VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 223 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 223 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 223 10 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 223 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 2 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 4 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 5 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 6 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 8 Miaohui Miaohui NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 10 Zhang Zhang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 11 Ruyu Ruyu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 13 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 14 conveys convey VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 16 emotions emotion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 18 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 19 understanding understand VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 21 concluding conclude VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 23 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 26 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 27 outside outside RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 28 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 29 devotion devotion NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 31 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 34 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 37 monastery monastery NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 39 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 40 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 42 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 43 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 44 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 45 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 46 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 48 emptiness emptiness NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 50 ”[65 ”[65 '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 51 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 52 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 53 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 54 Miaohui Miaohui NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 56 Zhang Zhang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 58 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 59 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 60 happiness happiness NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 61 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 62 fulfillment fulfillment NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 63 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 64 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 65 convent convent NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 66 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 67 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 68 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 69 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 70 seek seek VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 71 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 72 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 73 outside outside JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 74 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 224 75 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 1 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 3 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 4 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 6 entering enter VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 8 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 9 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 11 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 12 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 13 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 15 obtain obtain VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 16 permission permission NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 19 male male NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 22 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 24 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 26 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 29 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 225 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 2 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 4 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 7 nuns nun NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 8 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 9 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 10 entered enter VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 12 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 13 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 14 seclude seclude VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 15 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 18 outside outside JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 19 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 20 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 22 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 23 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 25 relatives relative NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 226 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 227 1 Worshipped[edit worshipped[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 227 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 227 3 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 227 4 nuns nun NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 227 5 participated participate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 227 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 227 7 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 227 8 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 227 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 227 10 devotions devotion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 227 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 227 12 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 227 13 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 227 14 bodhisattva bodhisattva NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 227 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 227 16 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 227 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 228 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 228 2 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 228 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 228 4 bodhisattvas bodhisattvas NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 228 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 228 6 Guan Guan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 228 7 Yin Yin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 228 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 228 9 Amita Amita NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 228 10 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 228 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 228 12 Maitreya Maitreya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 228 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 228 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 228 15 Pindola Pindola NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 228 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 4 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 5 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 6 bodhisattvas bodhisattvas NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 8 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 11 Guanyin Guanyin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 13 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 15 Goddess Goddess NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 17 Compassion Compassion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 19 Mercy Mercy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 21 Love Love NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 23 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 25 protector protector NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 27 savior savior NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 29 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 30 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 31 worship worship VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 33 needs need VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 34 Guanyin Guanyin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 35 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 36 aid aid NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 229 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 2 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 4 Qing Qing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 5 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 7 1644–1911)[edit 1644–1911)[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 9 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 10 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 11 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 14 Qing Qing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 15 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 16 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 17 Qing Qing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 18 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 19 endorsed endorse VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 21 Gelukpa Gelukpa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 22 School School NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 24 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 25 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 230 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 231 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 231 2 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 231 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 231 4 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 231 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 231 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 231 7 Taiping Taiping NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 231 8 rebellion rebellion NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 231 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 231 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 231 11 Taiping Taiping NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 231 12 rebels rebel NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 231 13 targeted target VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 231 14 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 231 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 3 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 5 Nanjing Nanjing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 7 1853 1853 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 11 Taiping Taiping NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 12 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 13 butchered butcher VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 14 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 16 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 18 Nanjing[citation nanjing[citation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 19 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 232 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 4 middle middle NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 7 Taiping Taiping NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 8 rebellion rebellion NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 10 Taiping Taiping NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 11 leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 12 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 14 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 15 moderate moderate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 16 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 18 demanding demand VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 19 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 20 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 21 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 22 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 23 licences licence NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 233 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 5 Around around IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 6 1900 1900 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 8 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 10 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 11 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 12 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 13 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 15 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 16 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 18 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 19 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 234 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 1 Anagarika Anagarika NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 2 Dharmapala Dharmapala NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 3 visited visit VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 4 Shanghai Shanghai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 6 1893,[69 1893,[69 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 8 intending intend VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 11 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 13 tour tour NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 15 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 18 arouse arouse VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 20 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 21 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 23 send send VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 24 missionaries missionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 26 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 28 restore restore VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 29 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 30 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 33 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 35 start start VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 37 propaganda propaganda NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 38 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 40 whole whole JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 41 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 44 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 45 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 46 limiting limit VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 47 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 48 stay stay NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 49 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 50 Shanghai Shanghai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 235 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 236 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 236 2 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 236 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 236 4 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 236 5 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 236 6 missionaries missionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 236 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 236 8 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 236 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 236 10 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 236 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 236 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 236 13 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 236 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 236 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 236 16 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 236 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 236 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 2 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 4 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 6 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 8 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 9 1912)[edit 1912)[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 11 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 14 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 16 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 18 1912–1949 1912–1949 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 21 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 23 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 24 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 25 1945 1945 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 26 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 27 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 29 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 31 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 32 Venerable Venerable NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 33 Hsuan Hsuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 34 Hua Hua NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 37 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 39 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 40 teach teach VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 41 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 42 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 45 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 46 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 47 modernisation modernisation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 49 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 50 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 51 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 53 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 56 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 57 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 61 installation installation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 62 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 64 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 65 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 66 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 68 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 69 lasted last VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 70 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 72 mainland mainland NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 73 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 74 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 75 Communist Communist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 76 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 77 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 78 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 79 installation installation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 80 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 81 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 82 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 83 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 84 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 85 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 86 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 87 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 88 1949 1949 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 89 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 90 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 91 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 92 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 93 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 94 ROC ROC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 95 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 96 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 97 exodus exodus NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 98 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 99 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 237 100 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 238 1 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 238 2 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 238 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 238 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 238 5 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 238 6 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 238 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 238 8 attempts attempt NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 238 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 238 10 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 238 11 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 238 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 238 13 revitalize revitalize VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 238 14 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 238 15 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 238 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 2 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 4 Most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 5 notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 8 Humanistic Humanistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 11 Taixu Taixu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 15 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 17 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 18 Chán Chán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 20 Hsu Hsu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 21 Yun Yun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 239 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 2 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 4 Hsu Hsu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 5 Yun Yun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 7 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 8 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 10 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 13 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 14 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 15 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 16 teachers teacher NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 19 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 21 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 22 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 240 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 2 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 3 teachers teacher NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 7 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 9 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 10 Pure pure JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 11 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 12 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 13 Yin Yin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 14 Guang Guang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 16 印光)[71 印光)[71 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 19 artist artist NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 20 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 21 Yi Yi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 241 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 242 1 Layman Layman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 242 2 Zhao Zhao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 242 3 Puchu Puchu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 242 4 worked work VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 242 5 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 242 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 242 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 242 8 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 242 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 1 Until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 2 1949 1949 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 4 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 6 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 9 Southeast southeast JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 10 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 11 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 14 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 16 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 18 Guanghua Guanghua NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 19 Monastery Monastery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 22 spread spread VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 23 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 24 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 243 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 244 1 Presently presently RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 244 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 244 3 Guanghua Guanghua NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 244 4 Monastery Monastery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 244 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 244 6 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 244 7 branches branch NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 244 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 244 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 244 10 Malay Malay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 244 11 Peninsula Peninsula NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 244 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 244 13 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 244 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 2 72 72 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 4 Several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 5 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 6 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 7 teachers teacher NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 8 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 9 mainland mainland NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 10 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 11 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 13 Communist Communist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 14 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 17 settled settle VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 19 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 20 Kong Kong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 22 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 245 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 1 Master Master NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 2 Hsing Hsing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 3 Yun Yun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 5 1927–present 1927–present CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 9 founder founder NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 11 Fo Fo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 12 Guang Guang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 13 Shan Shan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 14 monastery monastery NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 16 lay lie VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 17 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 19 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 20 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 21 Light Light NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 22 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 23 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 246 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 1 Born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 3 Jiangsu Jiangsu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 4 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 6 mainland mainland NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 7 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 9 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 10 entered enter VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 12 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 13 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 15 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 17 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 20 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 22 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 24 1949 1949 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 247 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 248 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 248 2 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 248 3 Fo Fo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 248 4 Guang Guang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 248 5 Shan Shan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 248 6 monastery monastery NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 248 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 248 8 1967 1967 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 248 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 248 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 248 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 248 12 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 248 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 248 14 Light Light NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 248 15 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 248 16 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 248 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 248 18 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 248 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 3 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 5 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 6 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 8 lay lie VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 9 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 10 organizations organization NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 12 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 15 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 16 20th 20th NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 18 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 19 21st 21st JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 20 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 249 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 250 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 250 2 advocates advocate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 250 3 Humanistic Humanistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 250 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 250 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 250 6 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 250 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 250 8 broad broad JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 250 9 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 250 10 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 250 11 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 250 12 progressive progressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 250 13 attitude attitude NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 250 14 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 250 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 250 16 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 250 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 1 Master Master NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 2 Sheng Sheng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 3 Yen Yen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 5 1930–2009 1930–2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 9 founder founder NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 12 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 13 Drum Drum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 14 Mountain Mountain NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 17 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 19 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 21 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 251 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 3 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 5 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 7 Sheng Sheng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 8 Yen Yen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 10 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 11 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 13 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 16 progressive progressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 17 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 18 teachers teacher NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 19 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 20 sought seek VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 22 teach teach VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 23 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 26 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 28 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 30 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 31 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 252 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 253 1 Master Master NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 253 2 Wei Wei NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 253 3 Chueh Chueh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 253 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 253 5 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 253 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 253 7 1928 1928 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 253 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 253 9 Sichuan Sichuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 253 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 253 11 mainland mainland NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 253 12 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 253 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 253 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 253 15 ordained ordain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 253 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 253 17 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 253 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 2 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 4 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 5 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 6 Lin Lin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 7 Quan Quan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 8 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 10 Taipei Taipei NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 11 County County NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 13 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 14 known known JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 16 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 17 teaching teaching NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 19 Ch'an Ch'an NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 20 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 22 offering offer VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 23 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 24 lectures lecture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 26 seven seven CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 28 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 29 Ch'an Ch'an NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 30 retreats retreat NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 254 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 1 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 3 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 5 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 7 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 8 1949)[edit 1949)[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 10 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 11 statues statue NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 12 destroyed destroy VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 13 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 15 Cultural Cultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 16 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 18 1966–1976 1966–1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 20 Thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 22 armed armed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 23 Avalokiteśvara Avalokiteśvara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 24 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 255 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 1 Guanyin Guanyin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 2 Nunnery Nunnery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 4 Anhui Anhui NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 5 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 7 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 8 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 9 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 10 Association[edit Association[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 12 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 13 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 15 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 16 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 17 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 18 Unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 19 Catholicism Catholicism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 22 branches branch NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 24 Christianity Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 26 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 28 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 29 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 31 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 32 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 33 embraced embrace VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 34 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 35 monastics monastic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 37 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 39 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 40 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 41 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 42 monastics monastic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 43 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 45 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 46 sect sect NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 256 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 257 1 Traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 257 2 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 257 3 monastery monastery NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 257 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 257 5 autonomous autonomous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 257 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 257 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 257 8 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 257 9 resting rest VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 257 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 257 11 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 257 12 respective respective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 257 13 abbot abbot NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 257 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 258 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 258 2 1953 1953 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 258 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 258 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 258 5 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 258 6 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 258 7 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 258 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 258 9 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 258 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 258 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 258 12 meeting meeting NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 258 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 258 14 121 121 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 258 15 delegates delegate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 258 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 258 17 Beijing Beijing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 258 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 2 meeting meeting NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 4 elected elect VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 6 chairman chairman NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 8 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 9 honorary honorary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 10 chairmen chairman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 12 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 13 vice vice NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 15 chairmen chairman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 18 secretary secretary NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 19 general general NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 21 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 22 deputy deputy NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 23 secretaries secretary NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 25 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 27 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 28 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 31 standing stand VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 32 committee committee NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 35 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 36 directors director NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 259 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 3 elected elect VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 4 honorary honorary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 5 chairmen chairman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 8 Dalai Dalai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 9 Lama Lama NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 12 Panchen Panchen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 13 Lama Lama NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 16 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 17 Lama Lama NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 19 Inner Inner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 20 Mongolia Mongolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 23 Venerable Venerable NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 24 Master Master NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 25 Hsu Hsu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 26 Yun Yun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 260 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 2 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 4 Reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 6 opening opening NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 7 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 8 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 9 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 10 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 11 Revival[edit revival[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 13 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 15 reform reform NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 17 opening opening NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 18 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 19 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 22 1970s 1970 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 25 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 26 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 28 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 29 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 30 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 31 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 32 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 33 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 261 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 262 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 262 2 74][75][76][77 74][75][76][77 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 262 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 262 4 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 262 5 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 262 6 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 262 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 262 8 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 262 9 restored restore VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 262 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 262 11 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 262 12 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 262 13 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 262 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 262 15 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 262 16 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 262 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 1 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 2 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 3 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 5 administrated administrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 7 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 8 governments government NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 10 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 11 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 12 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 13 commercialized commercialize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 15 sales sale NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 17 tickets ticket NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 19 incense incense NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 22 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 23 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 24 items item NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 26 soliciting solicit VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 27 donations donation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 28 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 30 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 32 listing listing NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 34 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 35 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 37 stock stock NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 38 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 40 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 41 governments government NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 42 obtain obtain VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 43 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 44 incomes income NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 263 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 264 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 264 2 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 264 3 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 264 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 264 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 264 6 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 264 7 Administration Administration NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 264 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 264 9 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 264 10 Affairs Affairs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 264 11 announced announce VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 264 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 264 13 crackdown crackdown NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 264 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 264 15 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 264 16 profiteering profiteering NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 264 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 2 78 78 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 5 sites site NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 7 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 8 enough enough JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 9 repairs repair NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 12 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 13 cancelled cancel VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 14 ticket ticket NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 15 fares fare NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 18 receiving receive VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 19 voluntary voluntary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 20 donation donation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 21 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 265 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 2 79][80 79][80 LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 5 108-metre 108-metre CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 7 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 8 Guan Guan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 9 Yin Yin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 12 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 13 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 15 Sanya Sanya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 16 statue statue NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 18 enshrined enshrine VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 20 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 21 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 23 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 26 participation participation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 28 108 108 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 29 eminent eminent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 30 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 32 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 33 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 34 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 35 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 36 Mainland Mainland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 37 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 39 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 40 Kong Kong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 42 Macao Macao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 44 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 47 tens ten NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 49 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 51 pilgrims pilgrim NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 266 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 267 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 267 2 delegation delegation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 267 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 267 4 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 267 5 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 267 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 267 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 267 8 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 267 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 267 10 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 267 11 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 267 12 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 267 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 2 81][82 81][82 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 4 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 6 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 9 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 12 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 15 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 17 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 18 statues statue NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 20 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 23 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 24 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 25 statues statue NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 268 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 4 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 5 organized organize VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 7 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 8 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 9 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 12 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 13 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 14 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 15 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 16 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 17 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 21 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 22 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 24 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 25 banned ban VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 26 mining mining NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 27 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 28 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 29 sacred sacred JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 30 mountains mountain NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 269 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 2 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 5 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 8 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 9 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 12 Changzhou Changzhou NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 15 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 17 tallest tall JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 18 pagoda pagoda NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 20 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 22 opened open VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 270 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 2 84][85][86 84][85][86 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 5 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 8 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 10 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 11 organizations organization NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 12 Tzu Tzu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 13 Chi Chi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 14 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 16 Fo Fo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 17 Guang Guang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 18 Shan Shan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 20 approved approve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 22 open open VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 24 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 26 mainland mainland NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 27 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 271 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 272 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 272 2 87][88 87][88 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 272 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 272 4 Currently currently RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 272 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 272 6 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3382 272 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 272 8 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 272 9 1.3 1.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 272 10 billion billion CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 272 11 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 272 12 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 272 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 272 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 272 15 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 272 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 272 17 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 272 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 273 1 Surveys survey NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 273 2 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 273 3 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 273 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 273 5 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 273 6 18.2 18.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 273 7 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 273 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 273 9 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 273 10 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 273 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 273 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 273 13 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 273 14 adheres adhere NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 273 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 273 16 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 273 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 2 89 89 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 4 Furthermore furthermore RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 6 PEW PEW NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 7 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 9 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 10 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 11 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 14 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 15 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 16 followed follow VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 17 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 18 folk folk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 19 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 20 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 21 incorporated incorporate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 22 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 24 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 274 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 2 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 4 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 7 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 8 Asia[edit asia[edit FW en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 10 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 11 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 13 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 15 Malaysia Malaysia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 17 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 19 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 21 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 23 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 25 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 28 Philippines Philippines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 31 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 33 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 34 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 35 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 36 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 37 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 38 practiced practice VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 39 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 40 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 41 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 42 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 43 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 45 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 46 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 275 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 1 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 5 West[edit west[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 7 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 13 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 15 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 16 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 17 master master NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 19 teach teach VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 20 Westerners Westerners NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 22 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 23 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 25 Hsuan Hsuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 26 Hua Hua NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 28 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 29 taught teach VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 30 Chán Chán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 32 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 33 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 35 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 36 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 38 San San NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 39 Francisco Francisco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 40 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 42 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 43 1960s 1960 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 276 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 2 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 3 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 5 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 7 City City NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 8 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 9 Ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 10 Thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 11 Buddhas Buddhas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 14 monastery monastery NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 16 retreat retreat NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 17 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 18 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 21 237-acre 237-acre CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 23 959,000 959,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 24 m² m² JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 26 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 27 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 28 Ukiah Ukiah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 30 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 277 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 278 1 Chuang Chuang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 278 2 Yen Yen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 278 3 Monastery Monastery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 278 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 278 5 Hsi Hsi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 278 6 Lai Lai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 278 7 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 278 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 278 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 278 10 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 278 11 centers center NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 278 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 279 1 Sheng Sheng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 279 2 Yen Yen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 279 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 279 4 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 279 5 dharma dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 279 6 centers center NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 279 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 279 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 279 9 USA USA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 279 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 3 rapid rapid JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 4 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 6 immigrants immigrant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 8 mainland mainland NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 9 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 11 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 12 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 15 1980s 1980 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 18 landscape landscape NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 21 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 22 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 24 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 25 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 26 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 27 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 28 changed change VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 29 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 30 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 280 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 1 Based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 3 fieldwork fieldwork NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 4 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 5 conducted conduct VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 7 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 9 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 10 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 11 categorize categorize VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 12 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 13 patterns pattern NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 16 collective collective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 17 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 18 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 19 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 20 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 21 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 23 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 25 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 26 ethnolinguistic ethnolinguistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 27 immigrant immigrant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 28 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 31 transnational transnational JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 32 organizational organizational JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 33 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 36 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 37 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 281 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 282 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 282 2 distinctions distinction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 282 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 282 4 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 282 5 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 282 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 282 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 282 8 linkages linkage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 282 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 282 10 globalization globalization NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 282 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 283 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 283 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 283 3 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 283 4 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 283 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 283 6 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 283 7 globalization globalization NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 283 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 283 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 283 10 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 283 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 283 12 immigrants immigrant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 283 13 ’ ’ POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 283 14 transplantation transplantation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 283 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 283 16 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 283 17 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 283 18 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 283 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 4 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 6 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 7 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 8 experiences experience NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 9 establish establish VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 11 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 12 hall hall NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 14 佛堂 佛堂 NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 16 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 18 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 21 associations association NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 23 collective collective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 24 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 25 activities activity NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 284 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 2 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 3 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 4 features feature VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 6 transnational transnational JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 7 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 10 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 11 institutionalized institutionalize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 12 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 13 centered center VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 16 charismatic charismatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 17 leader leader NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 19 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 21 Fo Fo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 22 Guang Guang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 23 Shan Shan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 25 佛光山 佛光山 NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 28 Tzu Tzu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 29 Chi Chi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 31 慈濟 慈濟 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 34 Amitabha Amitabha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 35 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 36 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 38 淨宗學會 淨宗學會 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 285 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 3 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 4 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 6 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 7 globalization globalization NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 8 features feature VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 10 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 12 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 13 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 16 websites website NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 18 blogs blog NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 20 Emails Emails NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 22 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 23 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 25 ensure ensure VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 26 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 27 interaction interaction NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 28 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 29 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 31 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 32 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 34 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 35 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 37 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 38 leader leader NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 286 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 287 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 287 2 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 287 3 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 287 4 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 287 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 287 6 Jun Jun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 287 7 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 287 8 Lu Lu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 287 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 287 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 287 11 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 287 12 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 287 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 287 14 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 287 15 kind kind NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 287 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 287 17 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 287 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 2 91 91 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 4 Sects[edit sects[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 6 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 7 Buddhism[edit Buddhism[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 9 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 10 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 12 Tangmi Tangmi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 13 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 14 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 16 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 18 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 19 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 20 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 21 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 23 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 25 Malaysia Malaysia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 28 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 30 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 31 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 32 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 33 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 34 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 35 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 39 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 40 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 41 Mìzōng Mìzōng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 43 密宗 密宗 NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 46 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 47 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 48 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 49 School School NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 288 51 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 1 Traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 3 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 4 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 7 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 8 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 9 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 12 Tángmì Tángmì NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 14 唐密 唐密 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 18 Tang Tang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 19 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 20 Esoterica Esoterica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 24 Hànchuán Hànchuán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 25 Mìzōng Mìzōng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 27 漢傳密宗 漢傳密宗 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 31 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 32 Transmission Transmission NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 33 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 34 School School NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 37 Hànmì Hànmì NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 38 漢密 漢密 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 39 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 40 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 43 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 44 Dōngmì Dōngmì NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 46 東密 東密 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 49 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 50 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 51 Esoterica Esoterica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 53 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 54 separating separate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 55 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 56 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 57 Tibetan tibetan JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 59 Newar Newar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 60 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 289 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 2 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 3 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 5 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 6 share share VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 8 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 9 doctrines doctrine NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 11 Shingon Shingon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 15 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 16 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 18 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 19 monks monk NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 20 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 21 traveled travel VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 23 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 25 train train VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 28 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 29 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 30 esoteric esoteric JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 31 transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 32 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 33 Mount Mount NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 34 Kōya Kōya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 36 Mount Mount NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 37 Hiei Hiei NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 290 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 1 Unrecognised unrecognised JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 2 sects[edit sects[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 6 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 7 sects sect NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 9 organisations organisation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 10 proclaiming proclaim VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 12 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 13 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 15 pursuit pursuit NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 17 fo fo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 19 fu fu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 22 awakening awaken VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 26 enlightenment enlightenment NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 29 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 30 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 31 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 32 recognised recognise VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 34 legitimate legitimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 35 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 36 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 38 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 39 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 40 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 43 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 46 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 47 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 48 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 50 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 291 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 2 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 3 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 5 Guanyin Guanyin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 7 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 8 Awakening Awakening NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 9 Teaching Teaching NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 12 观音佛教 观音佛教 NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 13 Guānyīn Guānyīn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 14 Fójiào Fójiào NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 17 Guanyin Guanyin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 18 Church Church NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 20 观音会 观音会 UH en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 21 Guānyīn Guānyīn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 22 Huì)[92 Huì)[92 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 24 True true JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 25 Awakening Awakening NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 26 Tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 28 真佛宗 真佛宗 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 29 Zhēnfó Zhēnfó NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 30 Zōng Zōng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 32 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 33 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 34 Awakening Awakening NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 35 Teaching Teaching NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 36 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 39 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 41 Heaven Heaven NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 43 Infinite Infinite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 44 Thriving Thriving NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 47 Mountain Mountain NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 49 Longevity Longevity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 50 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 51 寿山万隆天主佛教 寿山万隆天主佛教 VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 52 Shòushān Shòushān NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 53 Wànlóng Wànlóng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 54 Tiānzhǔ Tiānzhǔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 55 Fójiào Fójiào NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 57 Wulian Wulian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 58 Jingang Jingang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 59 Dadao Dadao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 60 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 61 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 62 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 63 Way way NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 66 Innumerable Innumerable NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 67 Attendants Attendants NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 68 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 69 Awakening Awakening NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 70 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 71 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 72 Teachings[edit teachings[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 73 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 74 Basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 75 concepts[edit concepts[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 76 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 77 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 78 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 79 incorporates incorporate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 80 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 81 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 82 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 83 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 84 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 85 Taoism Taoism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 292 86 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 293 1 Common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 293 2 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 293 3 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 293 4 veneration veneration NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 293 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 293 6 Buddhas Buddhas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 293 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 293 8 bodhisattvas bodhisattva NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 293 9 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 293 10 offerings offering NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 293 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 293 12 incense incense NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 293 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 293 14 flowers flower NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 293 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 293 16 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 293 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 293 18 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-3382 293 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 1 offerings offering NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 3 Devas Devas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 4 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 5 reside reside VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 8 heavenly heavenly JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 9 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 10 paying pay VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 11 respect respect NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 13 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 14 ancestors ancestor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 15 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 16 Qingming Qingming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 18 Hungry Hungry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 19 Ghost Ghost NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 20 festival festival NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 21 performance performance NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 23 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 24 ceremonies ceremony NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 26 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 27 souls soul NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 30 deceased deceased JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 31 find find VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 32 peace peace NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 34 超渡 超渡 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 36 forming form VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 37 affinities affinity NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 38 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 39 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 40 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 42 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 43 gifts gift NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 45 acts act NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 47 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 49 緣份 緣份 NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 51 vegetarianism vegetarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 52 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 53 monastics monastic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 54 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 55 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 56 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 57 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 58 vegetarian vegetarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 60 devout devout JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 61 laity laity NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 62 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 63 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 64 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 65 vegetarian vegetarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 66 compassion compassion NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 67 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 68 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 69 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 70 beings being NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 71 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 72 activities activity NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 73 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 74 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 75 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 76 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 77 release release NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 78 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 79 Common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 80 beliefs belief NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 81 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 82 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 83 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 84 gods god NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 85 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 86 ghosts ghost NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 87 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 88 hell hell NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 89 realm realm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 90 reincarnation reincarnation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 91 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 92 超生 超生 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 93 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 94 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 95 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 96 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 97 technically technically RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 98 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 99 rebirth rebirth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 100 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 101 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 102 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 103 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 104 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 105 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 106 karmic karmic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 107 retribution retribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 108 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 109 報應 報應 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 110 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 111 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 112 ethically ethically RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 113 cause cause VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 114 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 115 effect effect VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 116 Incense Incense NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 117 burning[edit burning[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 118 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 119 Burning burn VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 120 incense incense NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 121 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 122 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 123 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 124 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 125 shaoxiang shaoxiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 126 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 127 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 128 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 129 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 130 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 131 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 132 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 133 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 134 ubiquitous ubiquitous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 135 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 136 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 137 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 138 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 139 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 140 prayers prayer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 141 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 142 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 143 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 144 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 145 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 146 worship worship NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 294 147 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 3 Zhou Zhou NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 4 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 6 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 7 believed believe VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 8 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 9 smoke smoke NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 10 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 12 burning burning NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 14 sandalwood sandalwood NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 15 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 16 act act VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 19 bridge bridge NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 20 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 22 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 23 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 26 spirits spirit NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 295 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 2 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 5 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 6 behind behind IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 7 incense incense NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 8 burning burning NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 11 sacrifice sacrifice VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 12 oneself oneself PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 15 benefit benefit NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 17 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 20 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 21 spirit spirit NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 23 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 296 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 2 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 3 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 5 incense incense NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 8 healing heal VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 9 tool tool NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 11 assimilated assimilate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 14 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 15 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 18 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 20 Traditional Traditional NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 21 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 22 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 297 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 4 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 6 incense incense NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 7 burning burn VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 11 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 12 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 15 merger merger NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 16 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 17 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 18 , , . en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 19 Taoist taoist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 21 Confucian confucian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 23 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 24 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 26 principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 298 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 1 Laypeople laypeople NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 3 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 4 Buddhism[edit Buddhism[edit . en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 6 Nan Nan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 7 Huai Huai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 9 Chin Chin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 11 南怀瑾 南怀瑾 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 15 influential influential JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 16 lay lay NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 17 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 18 teacher teacher NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 20 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 21 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 22 Lay Lay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 23 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 24 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 26 recitation recitation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 27 hall hall NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 29 诵经堂 诵经堂 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 30 sòngjīngtáng sòngjīngtáng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 34 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 37 Six six CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 38 Banyan Banyan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 39 Trees Trees NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 41 Guangzhou Guangzhou NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 43 Guangdong Guangdong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 299 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 2 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 5 lay lie VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 6 practitioners practitioner NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 8 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 9 played play VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 11 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 12 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 15 lay lie VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 16 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 18 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 19 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 20 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 21 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 22 tendencies tendency NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 24 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 26 monastic monastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 27 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 29 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 300 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 2 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 5 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 6 biographies biography NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 8 lay lay NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 9 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 11 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 14 give give VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 16 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 17 picture picture NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 20 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 22 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 24 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 25 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 301 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 4 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 5 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 6 biographies biography NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 8 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 10 accounts account NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 12 Jesuit Jesuit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 13 missionaries missionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 16 Matteo Matteo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 17 Ricci Ricci NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 19 provide provide VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 20 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 22 revealing revealing JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 23 accounts account NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 26 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 27 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 28 penetrated penetrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 29 elite elite JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 31 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 32 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 34 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 302 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 2 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 4 Traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 5 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 8 meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 10 mantra mantra JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 11 recitation recitation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 13 mindfulness mindfulness NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 15 Amitābha Amitābha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 16 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 18 asceticism asceticism NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 21 vegetarianism vegetarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 23 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 24 integrated integrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 25 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 27 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 28 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 30 ordinary ordinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 31 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 303 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 2 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 6 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 8 accounts account NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 11 Ming Ming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 12 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 14 lay lie VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 15 practitioners practitioner NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 16 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 17 engaged engage VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 19 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 21 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 23 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 24 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 26 Chán Chán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 27 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 29 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 30 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 33 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 36 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 37 sūtras sūtra NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 304 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 2 Heart Heart NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 3 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 6 Diamond Diamond NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 7 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 10 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 11 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 13 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 16 Lotus Lotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 17 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 20 Avataṃsaka Avataṃsaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 21 Sūtra Sūtra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 305 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 2 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 4 Laypeople Laypeople NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 7 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 8 devoted devoted JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 11 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 13 mantras mantra NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 17 Mahā Mahā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 18 Karuṇā Karuṇā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 19 Dhāraṇī Dhāraṇī NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 22 Cundī Cundī NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 23 Dhāraṇī Dhāraṇī NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 25 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 26 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 306 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 2 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 4 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 5 Gimello Gimello NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 8 observed observe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 11 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 12 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 13 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 16 esoteric esoteric JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 17 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 19 Cundī Cundī NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 20 enjoyed enjoy VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 21 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 22 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 23 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 25 populace populace NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 28 elite elite NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 307 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 2 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 4 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 5 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 8 Avalokiteśvara Avalokiteśvara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 9 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 11 Kṣitigarbha Kṣitigarbha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 12 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 14 Amitābha Amitābha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 15 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 19 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 20 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 23 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 24 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 25 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 27 revered revere VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 308 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 1 Beliefs belief NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 3 karma karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 5 rebirth rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 7 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 8 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 9 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 10 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 12 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 13 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 16 pilgrimages pilgrimage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 18 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 20 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 21 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 24 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 25 holy holy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 26 mountains mountain NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 28 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 29 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 30 undertaken undertake VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 32 monastics monastic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 34 lay lay VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 35 practitioners practitioner NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 36 alike alike RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 309 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 2 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 4 Festivals[edit festivals[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 6 Traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 7 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 8 ceremony ceremony NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 10 Hangzhou Hangzhou NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 12 Zhejiang Zhejiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 13 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 16 holy holy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 17 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 19 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 20 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 21 celebrate celebrate VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 23 visiting visit VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 24 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 26 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 27 offerings offering NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 29 prayers prayer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 31 incense incense NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 33 fruits fruit NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 35 flowers flower NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 37 donations donation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 310 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 2 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 3 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 4 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 5 observe observe VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 7 moral moral JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 8 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 9 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 10 strictly strictly RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 11 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 12 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 15 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 16 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 18 vegetarian vegetarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 19 diet diet NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 22 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 23 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 25 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 311 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 2 dates date NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 3 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 5 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 8 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 9 calendar calendar NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 10 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 11 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 13 8.4 8.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 14 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 16 Eighth eighth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 17 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 20 fourth fourth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 21 month month NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 23 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 24 calendar calendar NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 26 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 27 on on RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 312 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 2 96 96 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 4 8.12 8.12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 5 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 6 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 7 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 9 Śākyamuni Śākyamuni NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 10 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 11 1.1 1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 12 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 13 Birthday birthday NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 15 Maitreya Maitreya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 16 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 17 9.1 9.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 18 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 19 Birthday birthday NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 21 Śakra Śakra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 23 Lord Lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 26 Devas Devas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 27 8.2 8.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 28 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 29 Renunciation Renunciation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 30 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 32 Śākyamuni Śākyamuni NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 33 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 34 15.2 15.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 35 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 36 Mahāparinirvāṇa Mahāparinirvāṇa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 37 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 39 Śākyamuni Śākyamuni NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 40 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 41 19.2 19.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 42 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 43 Birthday birthday NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 45 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 46 Avalokiteśvara Avalokiteśvara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 47 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 48 Guan Guan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 49 Yin Yin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 51 21.2 21.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 52 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 53 Birthday birthday NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 55 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 56 Samantabhadra Samantabhadra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 57 4.4 4.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 58 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 59 Birthday birthday NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 60 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 61 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 62 Mañjuśrī Mañjuśrī NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 63 8.4 8.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 64 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 65 Birthday birthday NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 66 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 67 Śākyamuni Śākyamuni NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 68 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 69 15.4 15.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 70 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 71 Vesak Vesak NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 72 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 73 13.5 13.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 74 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 75 Birthday birthday NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 76 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 77 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 78 Sangharama Sangharama NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 79 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 80 Qie Qie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 81 Lan Lan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 82 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 83 3.6 3.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 84 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 85 Birthday birthday NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 86 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 87 Skanda Skanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 88 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 89 Wei Wei NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 90 Tuo Tuo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 91 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 92 19.6 19.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 93 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 94 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 95 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 96 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 97 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 98 Avalokiteśvara Avalokiteśvara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 99 13.7 13.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 100 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 101 Birthday birthday NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 102 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 103 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 104 Mahāsthāmaprāpta Mahāsthāmaprāpta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 105 15.7 15.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 106 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 107 Ullambana Ullambana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 108 Festival Festival NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 109 Ghost Ghost NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 110 Festival Festival NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 111 24.7 24.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 112 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 113 Birthday birthday NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 114 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 115 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 116 Nagarjuna Nagarjuna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 117 30.7 30.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 118 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 119 Birthday birthday NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 120 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 121 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 122 Kṣitigarbha Kṣitigarbha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 123 22.8 22.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 124 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 125 Birthday birthday NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 126 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 127 Dīpaṃkara Dīpaṃkara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 128 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 129 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 130 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 131 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 132 buddha buddha NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 133 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 134 19.9 19.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 135 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 136 Renunciation Renunciation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 137 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 138 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 139 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 140 Avalokiteśvara Avalokiteśvara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 141 30.9 30.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 142 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 143 Birthday Birthday NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 144 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 145 Bhaiṣajyaguru Bhaiṣajyaguru NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 146 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 147 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 148 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 149 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 150 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 151 5.10 5.10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 152 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 153 Anniversary anniversary NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 154 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 155 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 156 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 157 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 158 Bodhidharma Bodhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 159 17.11 17.11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 160 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 161 Birthday birthday NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 162 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 163 Amitābha Amitābha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 164 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 165 See See NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 166 also[edit also[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 167 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 168 Budai Budai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 169 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 170 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 171 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 172 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 173 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 174 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 175 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 176 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 177 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 178 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 179 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 180 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 181 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 182 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 183 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 184 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 185 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 186 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 187 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 188 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 189 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 190 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 191 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 192 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 193 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 194 Chan Chan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 195 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 196 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 197 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 198 canon canon NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 199 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 200 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 201 cuisine cuisine NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 202 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 203 Esoteric Esoteric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 204 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 205 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 206 philosophy philosophy NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 207 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 208 Drum Drum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 209 Retreat Retreat NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 210 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 211 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 212 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 213 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 214 Index Index NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 215 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 216 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 217 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 218 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 219 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 220 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 221 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 222 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 223 architecture architecture NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 224 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 225 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 226 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 227 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 228 converts convert NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 229 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 230 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 231 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 232 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 233 Confucianism Confucianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 234 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 235 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 236 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 237 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 238 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 239 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 240 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 241 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 242 lists list NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 243 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 244 cults cult NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 245 Secular Secular NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 246 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 247 Schools Schools NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 248 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 249 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 250 Shingon Shingon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 251 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 252 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 253 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 254 transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 255 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 256 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 257 Three Three NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 258 Disasters Disasters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 259 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 260 Wu Wu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 261 Persecution Persecution NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 262 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 263 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 264 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 265 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 266 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 267 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 268 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 269 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 270 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 271 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 272 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 273 Notes[edit notes[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 274 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 275 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 276 Little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 277 contemporary contemporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 278 biographical biographical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 279 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 280 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 281 Bodhidharma Bodhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 282 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 283 extant extant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 284 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 285 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 286 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 287 accounts account NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 288 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 289 layered layered JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 290 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 291 legend legend NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 313 292 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 6 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 7 principal principal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 8 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 10 Bodhidharma Bodhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 12 biography:[24 biography:[24 NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 14 Yáng Yáng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 15 Xuànzhī Xuànzhī NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 18 Yang Yang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 19 Hsüan Hsüan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 21 chih chih NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 24 Record Record NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 27 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 28 Monasteries Monasteries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 30 Luoyang Luoyang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 32 547 547 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 35 Tánlín Tánlín NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 36 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 37 preface preface NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 40 Two Two NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 41 Entrances Entrances NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 43 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 44 Acts Acts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 46 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 47 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 48 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 51 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 52 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 53 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 54 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 56 Ching Ching NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 57 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 58 chüeh chüeh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 59 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 60 Chronicle Chronicle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 63 Lankavatar Lankavatar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 64 Masters Masters NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 65 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 66 713–716),[25 713–716),[25 NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 67 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 68 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 69 Dàoxuān Dàoxuān NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 70 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 71 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 72 Tao Tao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 73 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 74 hsuan hsuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 75 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 76 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 77 Biographies Biographies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 78 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 79 Eminent Eminent NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 80 Monks Monks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 81 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 82 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 83 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 84 CE).These ce).these NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 85 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 86 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 87 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 88 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 89 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 90 translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 91 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 92 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 93 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 94 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 95 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 96 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 97 Bodhidharma Bodhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 98 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 99 either either RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 100 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 101 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 102 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 103 A a NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 104 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 105 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 106 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 107 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 108 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 109 Region Region NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 110 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 111 Bodhidharma Bodhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 112 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 113 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 114 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 115 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 116 Asian"[26 Asian"[26 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 117 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 118 c.q c.q NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 314 119 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 3 Persia"[27 Persia"[27 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 6 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 7 monasteries monastery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 9 547 547 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 13 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 14 A a NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 16 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 17 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 20 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 21 Region Region NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 315 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 316 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 316 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 316 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 316 4 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 316 5 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 316 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 316 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 316 8 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 316 9 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 316 10 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 316 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 3 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 6 Tanlin Tanlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 8 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 10 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 14 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 15 W]ho W]ho NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 16 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 18 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 19 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 22 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 23 Regions Regions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 26 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 27 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 30 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 31 Brahman Brahman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 32 king"[29 king"[29 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 33 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 34 c.q c.q NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 317 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 3 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 4 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 7 Brahman Brahman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 8 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 10 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 11 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 13 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 14 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 17 Lankavatara Lankavatara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 18 Masters Masters NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 20 713–716[25]/ca 713–716[25]/ca CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 318 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 319 1 715[27 715[27 LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 319 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 319 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 319 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 319 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 319 6 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 319 7 O]f O]f NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 319 8 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 319 9 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 319 10 Brahman Brahman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 319 11 stock"[30 stock"[30 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 319 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 319 13 c.q c.q NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 319 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 320 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 320 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 320 3 Brahman Brahman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 320 4 monk monk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 320 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 320 6 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 320 7 India"[27 India"[27 NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 320 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 320 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 320 10 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 320 11 Biographies Biographies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 320 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 320 13 645 645 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 320 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 320 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 2 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 3 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 4 describe describe VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 5 Bodhidharma Bodhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 9 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 10 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 13 Tamil Tamil NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 14 Pallava Pallava NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 15 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 17 Kanchipuram,[31][32 Kanchipuram,[31][32 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 19 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 21 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 22 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 23 regards regard VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 24 Bodhidharma Bodhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 26 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 28 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 321 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 322 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 322 2 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 322 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 322 4 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 322 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 322 6 Citations[edit citations[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 322 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 322 8 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 322 9 中国文化科目认证指南 中国文化科目认证指南 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 322 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 323 1 华语教学出版社 华语教学出版社 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 323 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 324 1 Sinolingua Sinolingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 324 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 325 1 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 325 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 325 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 325 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 325 5 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 325 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 326 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 326 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 326 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 326 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 326 5 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 326 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 326 7 80200 80200 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 326 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 326 9 985 985 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 326 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 326 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 326 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 327 1 公元1世纪———传入中国内地,与汉文化交融,形成汉传佛教 公元1世纪———传入中国内地,与汉文化交融,形成汉传佛教 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 327 2 。 。 . en-wikipedia-org-3382 327 3 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 327 4 Maspero Maspero NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 327 5 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 327 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 327 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 327 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 328 1 401 401 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 328 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 328 3 405 405 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 328 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 329 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 329 2 Rong Rong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 329 3 Xinjiang Xinjiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 329 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 329 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 329 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 329 7 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 329 8 Route Route NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 329 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 329 10 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 329 11 Route Route NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 329 12 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 1 Commentary commentary NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 4 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 7 Paths Paths NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 9 Transmission Transmission NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 11 Areas Areas NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 14 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 15 Was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 16 Disseminated disseminate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 17 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 19 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 20 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 22 tr tr NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 330 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 331 1 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 331 2 Xiuqin Xiuqin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 331 3 Zhou Zhou NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 331 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 331 5 Sino sino JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 331 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 331 7 Platonic platonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 331 8 Papers Papers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 331 9 144 144 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 331 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 331 11 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 331 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 332 1 26–27 26–27 LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 332 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 333 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 333 2 Maspero Maspero NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 333 3 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 333 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 333 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 333 6 405 405 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 333 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 334 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 334 2 Maspero Maspero NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 334 3 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 334 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 334 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 334 6 406 406 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 334 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 335 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 335 2 Maspero Maspero NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 335 3 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 335 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 335 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 335 6 406 406 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 335 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 336 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 336 2 Maspero Maspero NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 336 3 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 336 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 336 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 336 6 409 409 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 336 7 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 336 8 Tr Tr NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 336 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 337 1 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 337 2 Henri Henri NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 337 3 Maspero Maspero NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 337 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 337 5 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 337 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 337 7 Taoism Taoism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 337 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 337 9 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 337 10 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 337 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 337 12 tr tr IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 337 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 338 1 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 338 2 Frank Frank NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 338 3 A. A. 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NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 339 8 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 339 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 340 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 340 2 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 340 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 340 4 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 340 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 341 1 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 341 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 341 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 341 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 341 5 Doctrinal Doctrinal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 341 6 Foundations Foundations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 341 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 342 1 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 342 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 342 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 342 4 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 342 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 342 6 Label Label NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 342 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 342 8 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 342 9 no no UH en-wikipedia-org-3382 342 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 343 1 1992.165.21 1992.165.21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 343 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 343 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 343 4 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 343 5 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 343 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 343 7 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 343 8 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 343 9 Warder Warder NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 343 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 343 11 A.K. A.K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 344 1 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 344 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 344 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 345 1 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 345 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 345 3 p. p. 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NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 353 19 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 353 20 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3382 353 21 Oh oh UH en-wikipedia-org-3382 353 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 353 23 Kang Kang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 353 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 353 25 nam nam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 353 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 353 27 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 353 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 353 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 354 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 354 2 Taoist Taoist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 354 3 Influence Influence NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 354 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 354 5 Hua Hua NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 354 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 354 7 yen yen NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 354 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 354 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 354 10 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 354 11 Case Case NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 354 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 354 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 354 14 Sinicization Sinicization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 354 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 354 16 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 354 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 354 18 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 354 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 355 1 Chung Chung NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 355 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 355 3 Hwa Hwa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 355 4 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 355 5 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 355 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 355 7 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-3382 355 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 356 1 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 356 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 356 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 356 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 356 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 356 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 1 Source source NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 3 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 4 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 7 accessed access VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 9 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 10 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 12 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 14 p.286 p.286 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 15 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 16 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 17 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 19 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 23 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 24 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 25 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 26 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 27 discussion discussion NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 29 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 30 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 31 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 33 T'ang T'ang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 35 Yung Yung NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 37 t'ung t'ung NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 39 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 40 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 41 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 42 Ko Ko NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 43 - - : en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 44 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 45 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 49 Inge Inge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 50 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 51 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 357 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 358 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 358 2 eds eds PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 358 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 1 ): ): IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 2 Radhakrishnan Radhakrishnan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 4 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 5 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 7 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 8 Presented present VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 10 Honour Honour NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 12 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 13 Sixtieth Sixtieth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 14 Birthday birthday NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 16 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 18 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 20 Unwin Unwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 22 1951 1951 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 24 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 359 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 360 1 276–286 276–286 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 360 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 360 3 cited cite VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 360 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 360 5 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 360 6 Ch'en Ch'en NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 360 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 360 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 360 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 1 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 2 f. f. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 5 Jerry Jerry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 6 Bentley Bentley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 8 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 9 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 10 Encounters Encounters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 12 Cross cross JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 13 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 14 Cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 15 Contacts Contacts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 17 Exchanges exchange NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 19 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 20 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 21 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 22 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 25 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 26 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 27 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 28 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 29 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 30 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 32 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 35 78 78 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 361 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 362 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 362 2 法鼓山聖嚴法師數位典藏 法鼓山聖嚴法師數位典藏 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 362 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 363 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 363 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 363 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 363 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 363 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 363 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 363 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 363 8 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 363 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 363 10 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 363 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 364 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 364 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 364 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 364 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 364 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 364 6 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 364 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 365 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 365 2 Kathryn Kathryn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 365 3 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 365 4 Tsai Tsai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 365 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 365 6 Lives live VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 365 7 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 365 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 365 9 Nuns Nuns NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 365 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 366 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 366 2 Honolulu Honolulu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 366 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 366 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 366 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 366 6 Hawaii Hawaii NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 366 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 366 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 366 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 366 10 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 366 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 367 1 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 367 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 368 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 368 2 Kathryn Kathryn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 368 3 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 368 4 Tsai Tsai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 368 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 368 6 Lives live VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 368 7 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 368 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 368 9 Nuns Nuns NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 368 10 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 368 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 368 12 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 368 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 369 1 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 369 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 370 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 370 2 McRae McRae NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 370 3 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 370 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 371 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 371 2 Dumoulin Dumoulin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 371 3 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 371 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 371 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 371 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 371 7 85–90 85–90 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 371 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 372 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 372 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 372 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 372 4 Dumoulin Dumoulin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 372 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 372 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 372 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 372 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 372 9 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 372 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 373 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 373 2 Broughton Broughton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 373 3 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 373 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 373 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 373 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 373 7 54–55 54–55 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 373 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 374 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 374 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 374 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 374 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 374 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 374 6 McRae McRae NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 374 7 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 374 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 374 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 374 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 374 11 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 374 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 375 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 375 2 Broughton Broughton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 375 3 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 375 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 375 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 375 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 375 7 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 375 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 376 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 376 2 Dumoulin Dumoulin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 376 3 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 376 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 376 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 376 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 376 7 89 89 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 376 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 377 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 377 2 Dumoulin Dumoulin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 377 3 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 377 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 377 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 377 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 377 7 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 377 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 378 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 378 2 Kambe Kambe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 378 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 378 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 378 5 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 378 6 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 378 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 378 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 379 1 sfn sfn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 379 2 error error NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 379 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 379 4 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 379 5 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 379 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 379 7 CITEREFKambe(year_unknown citerefkambe(year_unknown ADD en-wikipedia-org-3382 379 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 379 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 379 10 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 379 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 379 12 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 379 13 Zvelebil Zvelebil NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 379 14 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 379 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 379 16 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 379 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 379 18 125–126 125–126 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 379 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 2 Masato Masato NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 3 Tojo Tojo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 5 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 8 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 9 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 10 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 12 Platform Platform NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 13 Sutra Sutra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 16 Sixth Sixth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 17 Patriarch Patriarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 19 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 21 notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 23 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 24 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 25 Yampolsky Yampolsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 27 1967 1967 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 29 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 30 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 31 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 33 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 34   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 35 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 37 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 39 08361 08361 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 41 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 43 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 44 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 46 note note VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 47 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 48 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 49 Basic Basic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 50 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 51 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 52 exploring explore VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 53 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 55 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 57 Nan Nan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 58 Huai Huai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 59 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 60 Chin Chin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 62 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 64 Samuel Samuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 65 Weiser Weiser NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 67 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 68 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 380 69 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 2 Jerry Jerry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 3 Bentley Bentley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 6 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 7 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 8 Encounters Encounters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 10 Cross cross JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 11 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 12 Cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 13 Contacts Contacts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 15 Exchanges exchange NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 17 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 18 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 19 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 20 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 23 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 24 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 26 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 27 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 28 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 30 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 33 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 381 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 382 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 382 2 See see UH en-wikipedia-org-3382 382 3 Eli Eli NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 382 4 Franco Franco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 382 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 382 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 382 7 Xuanzang Xuanzang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 382 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 382 9 proof proof NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 382 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 382 11 idealism idealism NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 382 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 382 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 383 1 Horin Horin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 383 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 383 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 383 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 383 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 383 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 383 7 199–212 199–212 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 383 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 384 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3382 384 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 384 3 Diamond Diamond NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 384 4 Sutra Sutra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 384 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 384 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 385 1 Landmarks landmark NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 385 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 385 3 Printing printing NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 385 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 386 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 386 2 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 386 3 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 386 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 387 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 387 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 387 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 387 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 387 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 387 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 387 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 387 8 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 387 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 387 10 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 387 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 388 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 388 2 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 388 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 388 4 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 388 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 388 6 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 388 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 389 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 389 2 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 389 3 Le Le NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 389 4 Coq Coq NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 389 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 389 6 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 389 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 390 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 390 2 1913 1913 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 390 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 390 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 1 Chotscho Chotscho NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 3 Facsimile Facsimile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 5 Wiedergaben Wiedergaben NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 6 der der NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 7 Wichtigeren Wichtigeren NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 8 Funde Funde NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 9 der der NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 10 Ersten Ersten NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 11 Königlich Königlich NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 12 Preussischen Preussischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 13 Expedition Expedition NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 14 nach nach NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 15 Turfan Turfan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 17 Ost Ost NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 19 Turkistan Turkistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 20 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 21 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 22 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 23 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 25 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 26 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 28 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 29 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 391 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 1 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 3 Dietrich Dietrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 4 Reimer Reimer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 6 Ernst Ernst NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 7 Vohsen Vohsen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 10 i -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 11 m be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 12 Auftrage Auftrage NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 13 der der NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 14 Gernalverwaltung Gernalverwaltung NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 15 der der NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 16 Königlichen Königlichen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 17 Museen Museen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 18 aus aus CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 19 Mitteln Mitteln NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 20 des des NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 21 Baessler Baessler NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 23 Institutes Institutes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 25 Tafel Tafel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 26 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 27 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 28 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 29 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 30 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 32 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 33 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 35 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 36 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 392 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 393 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 393 2 Accessed access VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 393 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 393 4 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 393 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 393 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 393 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 394 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 394 2 Ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 394 3 Sogdians Sogdians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 394 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 394 5 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 394 6 identified identify VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 394 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 394 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 394 9 Caucasian caucasian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 394 10 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 394 11 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 394 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 394 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 394 14 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 394 15 cave cave NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 394 16 temple temple NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 394 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 394 18 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-3382 394 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 395 1 9 9 LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 395 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 395 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 396 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 396 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 396 3 following following JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 396 4 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 396 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 396 6 Gasparini Gasparini NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 396 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 396 8 Mariachiara Mariachiara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 396 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 3 Mathematic mathematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 4 Expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 6 Art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 8 Sino sino JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 10 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 12 Uighur Uighur NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 13 Textile Textile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 14 Interactions Interactions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 17 Turfan Turfan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 18 Textile Textile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 19 Collection Collection NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 21 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 25 Rudolf Rudolf NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 26 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 27 Wagner Wagner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 29 Monica Monica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 30 Juneja Juneja NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 32 eds eds VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 35 Transcultural Transcultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 36 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 38 Ruprecht Ruprecht NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 40 Karls Karls NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 41 Universität Universität NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 42 Heidelberg Heidelberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 44 No no DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 45 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 47 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 50 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 51 134–163 134–163 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 397 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 398 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 398 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 398 3 2191 2191 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 398 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 398 5 6411 6411 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 398 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 399 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 399 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 399 3 endnote endnote VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 399 4 # # $ en-wikipedia-org-3382 399 5 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 399 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 400 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 400 2 Accessed access VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 400 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 400 4 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 400 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 400 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 400 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 2 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 3 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 6 Sogdians Sogdians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 9 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 10 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 11 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 15 inhabitation inhabitation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 17 Turfan Turfan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 20 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 21 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 22 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 23 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 25 phases phase NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 27 Tang Tang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 28 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 30 7th–8th 7th–8th CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 31 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 34 Uyghur Uyghur NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 35 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 37 9th–13th 9th–13th CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 38 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 41 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 42 Hansen Hansen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 44 Valerie Valerie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 46 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 49 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 50 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 51 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 52 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 53 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 54 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 55 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 57 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 58 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 59 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 61 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 62 98 98 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 64 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 65   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 66 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 67 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 68 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 69 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 70 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 71 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 72 993921 993921 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 73 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 74 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 401 75 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 402 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 402 2 Palumbo Palumbo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 402 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 402 4 Antonello antonello NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 402 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 402 6 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 402 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 402 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 2 Exemption exemption NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 3 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 4 Granted grant VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 7 Confrontation Confrontation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 8 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 12 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 13 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 15 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 16 Antiquity Antiquity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 19 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 20 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 21 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 22 Divergence divergence NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 23 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 24 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 25 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 27 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 28 Eurasia Eurasia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 403 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 404 1 Medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 404 2 Worlds world NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 404 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 405 1 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 405 2 worlds world NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 405 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 405 4 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 405 5 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 405 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 406 1 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 406 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 406 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 406 4 118–155 118–155 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 406 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 407 1 doi:10.1553 doi:10.1553 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 407 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 407 3 medievalworlds_no6_2017s118 medievalworlds_no6_2017s118 JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 407 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 408 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 408 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 408 3 2412 2412 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 408 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 408 5 3196 3196 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 408 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 409 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 409 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 409 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 409 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 409 5 Gernet Gernet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 409 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 409 7 Jacques Jacques NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 409 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 410 1 Verellen Verellen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 410 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 410 3 Franciscus Franciscus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 410 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 411 1 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 411 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 411 3 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 411 4 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 411 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 412 1 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 412 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 412 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 412 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 413 1 318 318 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 413 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 413 3 319 319 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 413 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 413 5 Graeber Graeber NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 413 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 413 7 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 413 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 413 9 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 413 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 413 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 414 1 Debt debt NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 414 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 414 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 414 4 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 414 5 5000 5000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 414 6 Years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 414 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 415 1 Brooklyn Brooklyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 415 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 415 3 NY NY NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 415 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 415 5 Melville Melville NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 415 6 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 415 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 416 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 416 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 417 1 265–6 265–6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 417 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 418 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 418 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 418 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 418 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 418 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 418 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 418 7 933633 933633 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 418 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 418 9 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 418 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 418 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 418 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 419 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 419 2 Wm Wm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 419 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 420 1 Theodore Theodore NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 420 2 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 420 3 Bary Bary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 420 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 420 5 editor editor NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 420 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 420 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 420 8 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 420 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 420 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 421 1 Sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 421 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 421 3 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 421 4 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 421 5 Tradition Tradition NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 421 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 421 7 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 421 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 422 1 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 422 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 422 3 Premodern Premodern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 422 4 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 422 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 423 1 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 423 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 423 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 423 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 424 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 424 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 424 3 306 306 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 424 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 7 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 9 14305 14305 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 11 9.CS1 9.CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 12 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 14 extra extra JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 15 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 17 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 18 list list NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 20 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 22 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 23 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 25 Spreading spread VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 26 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 27 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 28 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 30 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 32 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 34 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 35 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 36 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 37 Welter Welter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 38 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 40 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 41   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 42 86–87 86–87 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 425 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 2 Ebrey Ebrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 3 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 7 167 167 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 9 sfn sfn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 10 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 12 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 13 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 15 CITEREFEbrey2006 citerefebrey2006 NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 17 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 19 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 20 McRae McRae NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 21 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 23 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 24   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 25 119–120 119–120 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 426 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 427 1 sfn sfn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 427 2 error error NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 427 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 427 4 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 427 5 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 427 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 427 7 CITEREFMcRae1993 CITEREFMcRae1993 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 427 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 427 9 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 427 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 427 11 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3382 427 12 Heng Heng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 427 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 427 14 Ching Ching NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 427 15 Shih Shih NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 427 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 427 17 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 427 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 427 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 1 Yung Yung NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 3 Ming Ming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 5 Syncretism Syncretism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 7 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 8 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 10 Chan Chan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 13 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 16 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 17 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 19 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 20 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 21 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 23 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 26 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 27 117 117 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 28 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 30 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 31 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 32 Nan Nan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 33 Huai Huai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 35 Chin Chin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 428 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 429 1 Basic Basic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 429 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 429 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 429 4 Exploring explore VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 429 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 429 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 429 7 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 429 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 430 1 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 430 2 Beach Beach NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 430 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 430 4 Samuel Samuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 430 5 Weiser Weiser NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 430 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 431 1 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 431 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 431 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 431 4 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 431 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 432 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 432 2 Stanley Stanley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 432 3 Weinstein Weinstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 432 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 432 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 432 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 432 7 Schools Schools NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 432 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 432 9 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 432 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 432 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 432 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 432 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 432 14 Kitagawa Kitagawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 432 15 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 432 16 Cummings Cummings NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 432 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 432 18 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-3382 432 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 433 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 433 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 433 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 433 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 433 5 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 433 6 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 433 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 433 8 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 433 9 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 433 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 433 11 Macmillan Macmillan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 433 12 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 433 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 433 14 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 433 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 434 1 257–265 257–265 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 434 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 434 3 264 264 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 434 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 435 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 435 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 435 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 435 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 435 5 Keown Keown NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 435 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 435 7 Damien Damien NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 435 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 436 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 436 2 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 436 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 436 4 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 436 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 437 1 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 437 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 437 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 437 4 104 104 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 437 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 437 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 437 7 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 437 8 Jiang Jiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 437 9 Wu Wu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 437 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 438 1 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 438 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 438 3 Dispute Dispute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 438 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 439 1 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 439 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 439 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 439 4 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 439 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 439 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 439 7 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 439 8 Kathryn Kathryn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 439 9 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 439 10 Tsai Tsai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 439 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 439 12 Lives live VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 439 13 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 439 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 439 15 Nuns Nuns NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 439 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 440 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 440 2 Honolulu Honolulu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 440 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 440 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 440 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 440 6 Hawaii Hawaii NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 440 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 440 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 440 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 440 10 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 440 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 441 1 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 441 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 2 Yunu Yunu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 3 Chen Chen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 5 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 9 Medical Medical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 10 Treatment Treatment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 12 Women Women NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 15 Ming Ming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 16 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 18 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 19 Na Na NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 20 Nu Nu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 22 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 26 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 442 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 443 1 290 290 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 443 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 2 Beata Beata NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 3 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 5 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 6 Setting set VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 8 Stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 10 Seventeenth seventeenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 12 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 13 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 15 Contexts Contexts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 17 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 18 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 19 Eminent Eminent NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 20 Nuns Nuns NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 22 Women Women NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 23 Chan Chan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 24 Masters Masters NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 26 Seventeenth Seventeenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 28 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 29 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 31 Honolulu Honolulu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 33 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 35 Hawai'i Hawai'i NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 36 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 444 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 445 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 445 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 445 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 445 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 446 1 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 446 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 3 http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wqcxh.6 http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wqcxh.6 NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 4 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 5 Beata Beata NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 6 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 8 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 9 Setting set VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 11 Stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 13 Seventeenth seventeenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 15 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 16 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 18 Contexts Contexts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 20 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 21 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 22 Eminent Eminent NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 23 Nuns Nuns NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 25 Women Women NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 26 Chan Chan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 27 Masters Masters NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 29 Seventeenth Seventeenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 31 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 32 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 33 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 34 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 36 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 447 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 2 Beata Beata NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 3 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 5 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 6 Setting set VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 8 Stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 10 Seventeenth seventeenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 12 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 13 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 15 Contexts Contexts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 17 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 18 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 19 Eminent Eminent NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 20 Nuns Nuns NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 22 Women Women NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 23 Chan Chan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 24 Masters Masters NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 26 Seventeenth Seventeenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 28 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 29 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 32 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 448 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 449 1 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 449 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 450 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 450 2 Beata Beata NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 450 3 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 450 4 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 450 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 450 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 450 7 Wilt Wilt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 450 8 Idema Idema NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 450 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 450 10 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 450 11 Empresses Empresses NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 450 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 450 13 Nuns Nuns NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 450 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 450 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 450 16 Actresses Actresses NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 450 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 451 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 451 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 451 3 Red Red NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 451 4 Brush Brush NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 451 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 451 6 Writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 451 7 Women Women NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 451 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 451 9 Imperial Imperial NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 451 10 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 451 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 452 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 452 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 452 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 452 4 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 452 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 452 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 452 7 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 452 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 452 9 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 452 10 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 452 11 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 452 12 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 452 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 452 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 452 15 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 452 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 453 1 157 157 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 453 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 454 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 454 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 454 3 https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1tg5kw2 https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1tg5kw2 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 454 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 2 Yunu Yunu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 3 Chen Chen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 5 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 9 Medical Medical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 10 Treatment Treatment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 12 Women Women NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 15 Ming Ming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 16 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 18 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 19 Na Na NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 20 Nu Nu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 22 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 26 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 455 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 456 1 295 295 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 456 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 457 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 457 2 Beata Beata NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 457 3 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 457 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 457 5 Daughters Daughters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 457 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 457 7 Emptiness Emptiness NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 457 8 Poems Poems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 457 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 457 10 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 457 11 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 457 12 Nuns Nuns NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 457 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 458 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 458 2 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 458 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 458 4 Wisdom Wisdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 458 5 Publication Publication NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 458 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 458 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 458 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 458 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 459 1 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 459 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 460 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 460 2 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 460 3 Lekshe Lekshe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 460 4 Tsomo Tsomo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 460 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 460 6 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 460 7 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 460 8 Across across IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 460 9 Cultures Cultures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 460 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 461 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 461 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 461 3 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 461 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 461 5 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 461 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 461 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 461 8 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 461 9 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 461 10 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 461 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 461 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 461 13 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 461 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 462 1 98 98 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 462 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 463 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 463 2 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 463 3 Lekshe Lekshe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 463 4 Tsomo Tsomo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 463 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 463 6 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 463 7 Women Women NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 463 8 Across Across NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 463 9 Cultures Cultures NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 463 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 463 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 463 12 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 463 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 464 1 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 464 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 465 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 465 2 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 465 3 Lekshe Lekshe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 465 4 Tsomo Tsomo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 465 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 465 6 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 465 7 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 465 8 Across across IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 465 9 Cultures Cultures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 465 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 466 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 466 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 466 3 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 466 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 466 5 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 466 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 466 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 466 8 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 466 9 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 466 10 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 466 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 466 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 466 13 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 466 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 467 1 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 467 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 468 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 468 2 Kathryn Kathryn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 468 3 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 468 4 Tsai Tsai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 468 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 468 6 Lives live VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 468 7 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 468 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 468 9 Nuns Nuns NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 468 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 469 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 469 2 Honolulu Honolulu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 469 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 469 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 469 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 469 6 Hawaii Hawaii NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 469 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 469 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 469 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 469 10 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 469 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 470 1 7 7 LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 470 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 471 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 471 2 Wilt Wilt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 471 3 Idema Idema NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 471 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 472 1 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 472 2 Salvation Salvation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 472 3 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 472 4 Filial filial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 472 5 Piety piety NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 472 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 472 7 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 472 8 Precious precious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 472 9 Scroll Scroll NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 472 10 Narratives Narratives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 472 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 472 12 Guanyin Guanyin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 472 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 472 14 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 472 15 Acolytes Acolytes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 472 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 473 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 473 2 Honolulu Honolulu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 473 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 473 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 473 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 473 6 Hawaii Hawaii NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 473 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 473 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 473 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 473 10 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 473 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 474 1 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 474 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 2 Mullin Mullin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 3 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 6 358 358 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 7 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 9 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 10 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 11 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 12 Hodus Hodus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 14 1923 1923 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 17 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 19 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 21 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 475 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 1 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 2 IX IX NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 4 Present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 6 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 8 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 10 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 11 Huai Huai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 13 Chin Chin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 14 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 16 sfn sfn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 17 error error NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 19 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 20 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 22 CITEREFHuai CITEREFHuai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 24 Chin1999 Chin1999 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 26 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 28 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 29 重現一代高僧的盛德言教 重現一代高僧的盛德言教 JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 30 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 31 Voice Voice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 33 Longquan Longquan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 35 Guanghua Guanghua NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 36 Monastery Monastery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 37 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 38 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 39 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 41 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 43 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 45 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 46 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 47 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 48 Holmes Holmes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 50 Welch Welch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 51 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 52 1961 1961 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 476 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 477 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 477 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 477 3 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 477 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 477 5 Communists Communists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 477 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 477 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 477 8 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 477 9 Quarterly Quarterly NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 477 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 477 11 No.6 no.6 UH en-wikipedia-org-3382 477 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 477 13 Apr Apr NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 477 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 477 15 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 477 16 1961 1961 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 477 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 477 18 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 477 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 478 1 1–14 1–14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 478 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 479 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 479 2 Laliberte Laliberte NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 479 3 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 479 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 480 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 480 2 Lai Lai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 480 3 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 480 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 2 Mitch Mitch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 3 Moxley Moxley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 5 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 9 Enjoys enjoy VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 10 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 11 Revival Revival NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 13 Erica Erica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 14 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 15 Mitchell Mitchell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 17 201 201 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 20 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 21 Revival Revival NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 23 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 481 24 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 1 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 2 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 3 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 9 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 10 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 11 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 13 Commercialization commercialization NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 15 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 17 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 18 prompts prompt NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 19 ban ban VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 21 stock stock NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 22 listings listing NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 24 crackdown crackdown NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 25 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 26 profiteering profiteer VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 482 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 483 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 483 2 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 483 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 484 1 Beijing Beijing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 484 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 485 1 Associated Associated NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 485 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 485 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 486 1 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 486 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 486 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 486 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 486 5 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 486 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 487 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 487 2 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 487 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 487 4 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 487 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 487 6 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 487 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 2 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 3 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 5 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 6 湖南29家寺院取消门票免费开放 湖南29家寺院取消门票免费开放 NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 8 中新网 中新网 NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 10 中国新闻网 中国新闻网 JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 11 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 12 净慧法师呼吁全国佛教名山大寺一律免费开放_佛教频道_凤凰网 净慧法师呼吁全国佛教名山大寺一律免费开放_佛教频道_凤凰网 UH en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 13 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 14 Giant Giant NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 15 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 16 Statue Statue NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 17 Enshrined Enshrined NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 19 Hainan Hainan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 20 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 21 Holy holy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 22 statue statue NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 24 Guanyin Guanyin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 25 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 26 unveiled unveil VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 27 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 29 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 30 bans ban VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 31 mining mine VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 32 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 33 sacred sacred JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 34 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 35 mountains mountain NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 36 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 488 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 489 1 Reuters Reuters NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 489 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 490 1 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 490 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 490 3 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 490 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 490 5 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 490 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 491 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3382 491 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 491 3 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 491 4 temple temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 491 5 opens open VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 491 6 tallest tall JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 491 7 pagoda pagoda NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 491 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 491 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 492 1 BBC BBC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 492 2 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 492 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 493 1 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 493 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 493 3 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 493 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 493 5 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 493 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 494 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 494 2 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 494 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 494 4 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 494 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 494 6 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 494 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 2 Photo Photo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 5 News news NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 7 Tallest tall JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 8 Pagoda pagoda NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 9 Opens Opens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 11 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 13 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 14 inaugurates inaugurate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 15 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 16 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 18 tallest tall JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 19 pagoda pagoda NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 20 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 21 - - : en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 22 INQUIRER.net inquirer.net ADD en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 24 Philippine Philippine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 25 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 27 Filipinos[permanent Filipinos[permanent VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 28 dead dead JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 29 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 30 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 31 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 32 Tzu Tzu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 33 Chi Chi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 34 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 35 Approved approve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 36 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 37 Open open VB en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 38 Branch Branch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 39 In In NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 40 Mainland Mainland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 41 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 42 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 43 ChinaCSR.com ChinaCSR.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 44 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 45 Corporate Corporate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 46 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 47 Responsibility Responsibility NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 49 CSR CSR NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 51 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 53 Information Information NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 54 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 55 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 56 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 57 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 58 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 60 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 62 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 64 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 65 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 66 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 67 中國評論新聞網 中國評論新聞網 NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 495 68 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 496 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3382 496 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 496 3 Buddhists buddhist NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 496 4 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 496 5 Pew Pew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 496 6 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 496 7 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 496 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 496 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 497 1 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 497 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 497 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 497 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 497 5 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 497 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 498 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3382 498 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 498 3 Life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 498 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 498 5 Purgatory Purgatory NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 498 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 498 7 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 498 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 498 9 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 498 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 498 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 499 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 499 2 Ji Ji NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 499 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 499 4 Zhe Zhe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 499 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 499 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 499 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 499 8 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 499 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 499 10 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 499 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 499 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 500 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 500 2 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 500 3 Groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 500 4 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 500 5 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 500 6 Immigrants Immigrants NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 500 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 500 8 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 500 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 500 10 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 500 11 Patterns Patterns NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 500 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 500 13 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 500 14 Globalization Globalization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 500 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 500 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 501 1 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 501 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 501 3 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 501 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 501 5 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 501 6 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 501 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 502 1 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 502 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 502 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 502 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 502 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 502 6 212–235 212–235 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 502 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 503 1 doi:10.1163/22143955 doi:10.1163/22143955 NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 503 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 503 3 04102006b 04102006b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 503 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 504 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 504 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 504 3 2214 2214 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 504 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 504 5 3947 3947 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 504 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 505 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3382 505 2 Munro Munro NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 505 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 505 4 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 505 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 505 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 505 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 505 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 505 9 269–271 269–271 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 505 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 506 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 506 2 中央研究院網站 中央研究院網站 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 506 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 507 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 507 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 507 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 507 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 507 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 507 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 507 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 507 8 Twitchett Twitchett NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 507 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 507 10 Denis Denis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 507 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 507 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 507 13 Fairbank Fairbank NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 507 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 507 15 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 507 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 508 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 508 2 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 508 3 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 508 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 508 5 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 508 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 508 7 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 508 8 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 508 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 508 10 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 508 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 508 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 509 1 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 509 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 509 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 509 4 949 949 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 509 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 509 6 Jiang Jiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 509 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 509 8 Wu Wu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 509 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 509 10 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 509 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 509 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 1 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 3 Dispute Dispute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 6 Reinvention Reinvention NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 8 Chan Chan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 11 Seventeenth Seventeenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 13 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 14 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 16 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 17 146 146 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 18 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 20 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 21 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 22 Calendar Calendar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 25 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 510 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 511 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 511 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 511 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 511 4 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 511 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 511 6 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 511 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 1 Sources[edit sources[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 3 Broughton Broughton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 5 Jeffrey Jeffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 6 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 8 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 12 Bodhidharma Bodhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 13 Anthology Anthology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 16 Earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 17 Records Records NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 19 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 21 Berkeley Berkeley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 23 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 25 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 26 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 28 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 29   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 30 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 32 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 34 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 36 21972 21972 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 38 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 39 Chen Chen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 41 Kenneth Kenneth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 42 Kuan Kuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 43 Sheng Sheng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 512 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 513 1 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 513 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 513 3 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 513 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 513 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 513 6 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 513 7 survey survey NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 513 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 514 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 514 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 514 3 N.J. New Jersey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 514 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 514 5 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 514 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 514 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 514 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 514 9 1964 1964 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 514 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 1 Dumoulin Dumoulin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 3 Heinrich Heinrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 5 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 8 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 9 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 11 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 12 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 14 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 16 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 18 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 20 Bloomington Bloomington NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 22 IN in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 24 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 25 Wisdom Wisdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 27 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 28   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 29 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 31 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 33 941532 941532 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 35 89 89 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 36 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 37 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 38 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 39 Yu Yu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 515 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 516 1 Sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 516 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 516 3 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 516 4 Tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 516 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 517 1 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 517 2 800 800 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 517 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 1 Ebrey Ebrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 3 Patricia Patricia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 4 Buckley Buckley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 6 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 10 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 11 Illustrated Illustrated NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 12 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 14 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 16 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 18 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 19 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 20 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 22 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 24 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 26 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 28 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 30 66991 66991 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 32 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 34 paperback paperback NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 518 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 1 Hill Hill NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 8 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 10 Jade Jade NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 11 Gate Gate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 13 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 15 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 16 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 19 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 20 Routes Routes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 21 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 23 Later Later NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 24 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 25 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 27 1st 1st NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 29 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 30 Centuries Centuries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 31 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 519 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 520 1 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 520 2 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 520 3 Hill Hill NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 520 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 521 1 BookSurge BookSurge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 521 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 521 3 Charleston Charleston NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 521 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 521 5 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 521 6 Carolina Carolina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 521 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 522 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 522 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 522 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 522 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 522 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 522 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 522 7 4392 4392 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 522 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 522 9 2134 2134 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 522 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 522 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 522 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 523 1 Hodus Hodus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 523 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 523 3 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 523 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 523 5 1923 1923 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 523 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 523 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 523 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 523 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 523 10 Buddhists Buddhists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 523 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 523 12 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 523 13 Kambe Kambe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 523 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 523 15 Tstuomu Tstuomu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 523 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 523 17 Bodhidharma Bodhidharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 523 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 2 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 4 stories story NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 6 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 7 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 9 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 12 archived archive VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 15 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 17 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 20 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 21 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 22 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 24 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 26 retrieved retrieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 27 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 28 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 29 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 31 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 32 Lai Lai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 34 Hongyi Hongyi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 35 Harry Harry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 37 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 40 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 41 Religious Religious NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 42 Revival Revival NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 44 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 524 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 3 Copenhagen Copenhagen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 4 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 6 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 7 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 8 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 9 Laliberte Laliberte NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 11 Andre Andre NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 13 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 16 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 17 Revival Revival NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 18 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 19 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 20 Watch Watch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 24 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 26 Current Current NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 27 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 28 Affairs Affairs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 30 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 32 2,107 2,107 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 33 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 34 134 134 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 35 Liebenthal Liebenthal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 37 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 525 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 1 Chao Chao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 2 Lun Lun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 3 - - : en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 5 Treatises Treatises NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 7 Seng Seng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 9 Chao Chao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 10 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 11 Kong Kong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 13 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 15 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 16 Kong Kong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 17 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 18 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 20 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 21 Liebenthal Liebenthal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 23 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 526 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 1 Was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 2 ist ist NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 3 chinesischer chinesischer NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 4 Buddhismus Buddhismus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 5 Asiatische Asiatische NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 6 Studien Studien NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 8 Zeitschrift Zeitschrift NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 9 der der VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 10 Schweizerischen Schweizerischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 11 Asiengesellschaft Asiengesellschaft NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 13 1952 1952 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 14 http://data.datacite.org/10.5169/seals-145467 http://data.datacite.org/10.5169/seals-145467 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 15 McRae McRae NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 17 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 18 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 20 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 24 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 25 Antecedents antecedent NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 27 Encounter Encounter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 28 Dialogue Dialogue NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 30 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 31 Ch'an Ch'an NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 32 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 36 Heine Heine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 38 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 39 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 40 Wright Wright NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 42 Dale Dale NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 527 43 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 528 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 528 2 eds eds PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3382 528 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 4 Kōan Kōan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 6 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 8 Contexts Contexts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 10 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 13 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 14 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 15 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 16 McRae McRae NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 18 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 20 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 23 Seeing see VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 24 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 25 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 27 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 28 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 29 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 30 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 31 Ltd Ltd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 32 Mullin Mullin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 34 Glenn Glenn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 35 H.The H.The NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 36 Fourteen Fourteen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 37 Dalai Dalai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 38 Lamas Lamas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 39 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 40 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 41 Sacred Sacred NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 42 Legacy Legacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 44 Reincarnations Reincarnations NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 46 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 48 Clear Clear NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 49 Light Light NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 50 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 529 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 530 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 530 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 530 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 530 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 530 5 57416 57416 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 530 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 530 7 092 092 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 530 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 530 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 530 10 Saunders Saunders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 530 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 530 12 Kenneth Kenneth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 530 13 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 531 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 531 2 1923 1923 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 531 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 531 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 532 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 532 2 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 532 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 532 4 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 532 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 532 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 532 7 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 532 8 Sketch Sketch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 532 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 532 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 532 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 532 12 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 532 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 532 14 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 532 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 532 16 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 532 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 533 1 3.2 3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 533 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 533 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 533 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 534 1 157–169 157–169 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 534 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 534 3 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 534 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 535 1 3.3 3.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 535 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 535 3 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 535 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 536 1 256–275 256–275 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 536 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 537 1 Welch Welch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 537 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 537 3 Holmes Holmes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 537 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 538 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 538 2 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 538 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 538 4 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 538 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 538 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 539 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 539 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 539 3 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 539 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 539 5 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 539 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 539 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 539 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 539 9 1967 1967 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 539 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 540 1 Welch Welch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 540 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 540 3 Holmes Holmes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 540 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 541 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 541 2 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 541 3 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 541 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 541 5 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 541 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 542 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 542 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 542 3 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 542 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 542 5 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 542 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 542 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 542 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 542 9 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 542 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 543 1 Welch Welch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 543 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 543 3 Holmes Holmes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 543 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 544 1 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 544 2 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 544 3 Mao Mao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 544 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 545 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 545 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 545 3 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 545 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 545 5 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 545 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 545 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 545 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 545 9 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 545 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 546 1 Welter Welter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 546 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 546 3 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 546 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 546 5 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 546 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 546 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 546 8 Mahakasyapa Mahakasyapa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 546 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 546 10 smile smile NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 546 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 547 1 Silent Silent NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 547 2 Transmission Transmission NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 547 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 547 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 547 5 Kung Kung NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 547 6 - - : en-wikipedia-org-3382 547 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 547 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 547 9 Koan Koan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 547 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 547 11 Tradition Tradition NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 547 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 548 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 548 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 548 3 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 548 4 Heine Heine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 548 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 548 6 Dale Dale NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 548 7 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 548 8 Wright Wright NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 548 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 548 10 eds)(2000 eds)(2000 ADD en-wikipedia-org-3382 548 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 548 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 548 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 548 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 548 15 Koan Koan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 548 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 1 Texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 3 Contexts Contexts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 5 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 8 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 10 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 11 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 12 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 13 Yang Yang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 15 Fenggang Fenggang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 17 Wei Wei NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 19 Dedong Dedong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 21 THE the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 22 BAILIN BAILIN NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 23 BUDDHIST BUDDHIST VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 24 TEMPLE TEMPLE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 26 THRIVING thriving NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 27 UNDER under IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 28 COMMUNISM COMMUNISM NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 30 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 33 archived archive VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 34 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 36 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 38 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 40 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 41 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 42 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 44 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 45 Zhu Zhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 47 Caifang Caifang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 49 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 52 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 53 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 54 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 55 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 56 : : . en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 57 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 58 Example Example NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 61 Bai Bai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 62 Lin Lin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 63 Chan Chan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 64 Monastery Monastery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 549 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 1 Perspectives perspective NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 3 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 4 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 6 No.2 no.2 NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 8 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 9 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 11 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 14 archived archive VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 17 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 19 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 22 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 23 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 24 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 26 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 27 Zvelebil Zvelebil NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 29 Kamil Kamil NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 30 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 32 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 35 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 36 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 37 Sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 40 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 41 Hand Hand NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 44 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 47 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 48 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 49 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 51 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 53 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 55 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 56 125–126 125–126 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 58 doi:10.2307/602960 doi:10.2307/602960 RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 60 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 61   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 62 602960 602960 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 63 Further Further NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 64 reading[edit reading[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 65 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 66 History[edit history[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 67 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 68 Nan Nan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 69 Huai Huai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 70 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 71 Chin Chin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 72 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 73 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 74 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 76 Basic Basic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 77 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 78 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 79 Exploring explore VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 80 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 81 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 82 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 83 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 84 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 85 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 86 J.C. J.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 87 Cleary Cleary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 88 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 89 Red Red NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 90 Wheel Wheel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 91 Weiser Weiser NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 92 Nan Nan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 93 Huai Huai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 94 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 95 Chin Chin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 96 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 97 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 98 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 99 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 100 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 101 Story Story NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 102 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 103 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 104 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 105 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 106 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 107 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 108 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 109 Cleary Cleary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 110 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 111 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 112 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 113 Tuttle Tuttle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 114 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 115 Tansen Tansen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 116 Sen Sen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 117 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 118 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 119 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 120 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 121 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 122 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 123 Diplomacy Diplomacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 124 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 125 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 126 Trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 127 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 128 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 129 realignment realignment NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 130 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 131 Sino sino JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 132 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 133 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 134 Relations Relations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 135 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 136 600–1400 600–1400 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 137 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 138 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 139 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 140 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 141 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 142 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 143 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 144 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 145 Hawai'i Hawai'i NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 146 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 147 Shinko Shinko NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 148 Mochizuki Mochizuki NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 149 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 150 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 151 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 152 Pruden Pruden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 153 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 154 Trans Trans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 550 155 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 551 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 551 2 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 551 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 551 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 552 1 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 552 2 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 552 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 552 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 552 5 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 552 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 552 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 552 8 Doctrinal doctrinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 552 9 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 552 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 552 11 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 552 12 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 552 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 552 14 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 552 15 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 552 16 Survey Survey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 552 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 553 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 553 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 553 3 Pacific Pacific NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 553 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 553 5 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 553 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 553 7 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 553 8 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 553 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 553 10 Number Number NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 553 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 553 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 553 13 91–103 91–103 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 553 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 554 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 554 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 554 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 554 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 554 5 Shinko Shinko NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 554 6 Mochizuki Mochizuki NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 554 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 554 8 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 554 9 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 554 10 Pruden Pruden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 554 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 554 12 Trans Trans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 554 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 555 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 555 2 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 555 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 555 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 1 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 2 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 5 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 8 Doctrinal doctrinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 9 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 11 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 12 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 15 Earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 16 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 18 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 19 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 21 Hui Hui NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 23 yuan yuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 25 Mt Mt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 27 Lu Lu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 28 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 30 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 31 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 33 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 34 Translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 36 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 38 Spurious Spurious NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 39 Scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 556 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 557 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 557 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 557 3 Pacific Pacific NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 557 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 557 5 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 557 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 557 7 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 557 8 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 557 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 557 10 Number Number NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 557 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 557 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 557 13 241–275 241–275 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 557 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 558 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 558 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 558 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 558 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 558 5 Shinko Shinko NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 558 6 Mochizuki Mochizuki NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 558 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 558 8 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 558 9 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 558 10 Pruden Pruden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 558 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 558 12 Trans Trans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 558 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 559 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 559 2 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 559 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 559 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 1 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 2 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 5 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 8 Doctrinal doctrinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 9 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 11 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 12 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 15 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 16 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 17 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 18 Faith Faith NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 20 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 21 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 24 Chapter Chapter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 25 Six six CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 26 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 27 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 28 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 29 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 30 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 31 Faith Faith NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 33 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 34 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 560 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 561 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 561 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 561 3 Pacific Pacific NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 561 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 561 5 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 561 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 561 7 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 561 8 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 561 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 561 10 Number Number NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 561 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 561 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 561 13 259–279 259–279 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 561 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 562 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 562 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 562 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 562 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 562 5 Shinko Shinko NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 562 6 Mochizuki Mochizuki NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 562 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 562 8 Leo Leo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 562 9 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 562 10 Pruden Pruden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 562 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 562 12 Trans Trans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 562 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 563 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 563 2 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 563 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 563 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 564 1 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 564 2 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 564 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 564 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 564 5 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 564 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 564 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 564 8 Doctrinal doctrinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 564 9 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 564 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 564 11 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 564 12 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 564 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 564 14 T'an T'an NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 564 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 564 16 luan luan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 564 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 565 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 565 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 565 3 Pacific Pacific NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 565 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 565 5 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 565 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 565 7 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 565 8 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 565 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 565 10 Number Number NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 565 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 565 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 565 13 149–165 149–165 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 565 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 5 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 6 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 7 revival[edit revival[edit ADD en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 9 Pittman Pittman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 11 Don Don NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 12 Alvin Alvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 14 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 17 Toward toward IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 19 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 20 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 21 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 23 Taixu Taixu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 24 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 25 Reforms Reforms NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 27 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 29 Hawaii Hawaii NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 30 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 31 Daoru Daoru NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 33 Wei Wei NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 35 n.d n.d NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 36 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 39 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 41 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 43 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 44 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 45 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 46 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 47 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 48 Centering center VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 49 Around around IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 51 Teachings teaching NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 53 Taixu Taixu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 55 Yinshun Yinshun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 56 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 57 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 58 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 60 archived archive VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 61 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 63 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 64 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 65 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 66 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 67 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 68 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 69 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 71 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 72 Lancashire Lancashire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 74 Douglas Douglas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 75 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 76 n.d n.d NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 77 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 78 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 79 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 80 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 81 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 82 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 83 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 84 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 85 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 86 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 87 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 88 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 89 Buddhism[edit buddhism[edit XX en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 90 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 91 Chau Chau NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 92 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 93 Adam Adam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 94 Yuet Yuet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 95 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 96 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 97 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 98 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 99 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 100 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 101 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 102 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 103 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 104 Revitalization Revitalization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 105 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 106 Innovation Innovation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 107 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 108 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 109 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 110 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 111 Miller Miller NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 112 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 113 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 114 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 115 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 116 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 117 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 118 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 119 Religions Religions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 120 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 121 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 122 Societies Societies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 123 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 124 ABC ABC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 125 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 126 CLIO CLIO NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 127 Baumer Baumer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 128 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 129 Christoph Christoph NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 130 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 131 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 132 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 133 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 134 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 135 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 136 Holy Holy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 137 Mountain Mountain NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 138 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 139 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 140 Illustrated Illustrated NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 141 Journey Journey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 142 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 143 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 144 Heart Heart NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 145 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 146 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 147 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 148 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 149 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 150 I.B.Tauris I.B.Tauris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 151 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 152 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 153   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 154 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 155 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 156 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 157 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 158 84885 84885 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 159 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 160 700 700 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 161 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 162 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 163 Master Master NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 164 Sheng Sheng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 165 Yen Yen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 166 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 167 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 168 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 169 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 170 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 171 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 172 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 173 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 174 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 175 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 176 Douglas Douglas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 177 Gildow Gildow NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 178 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 179 Otto Otto NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 180 Chang Chang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 181 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 182 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 183 Atlantic Atlantic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 184 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 185 Munro Munro NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 186 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 187 Robin Robin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 188 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 189 Mickey Mickey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 190 Spiegel Spiegel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 191 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 192 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 193 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 566 194 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 567 1 Detained detain VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 567 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 567 3 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 567 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 567 5 Tibet Tibet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 567 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 567 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 567 8 Directory Directory NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 567 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 567 10 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 567 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 567 12 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 567 13 Prisoners Prisoners NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 567 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 568 1 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 568 2 Rights Rights NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 568 3 Watch Watch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 568 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 569 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 569 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3382 569 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 569 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 569 5 1564321053 1564321053 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 569 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 1 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 2 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 3 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 7 Appendix Appendix NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 9 Sects sect NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 11 Societies Societies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 12 Recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 14 Currently currently RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 15 Active Active NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 18 PRC PRC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3382 570 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 571 1 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 571 2 Sociology Sociology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 571 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 571 4 Anthropology Anthropology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 571 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 572 1 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 572 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 572 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 572 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 572 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 572 6 103–104 103–104 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 572 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 573 1 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 573 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 573 3 doi:10.2753 doi:10.2753 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 573 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 573 5 CSA0009 CSA0009 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 573 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 573 7 46252104102 46252104102 CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 573 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 574 1 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 574 2 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-3382 574 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 574 4 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 574 5 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 574 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 574 7 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 574 8 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 574 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 574 10 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 574 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 574 12 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 574 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 1 Wikiquote Wikiquote NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 3 quotations quotation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 4 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 7 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 8 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 9 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 10 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 11 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 12 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 14 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 15 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 16 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 17 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 19 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 21 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 22 Selected Selected NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 23 Bibliography Bibliography NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 24 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 25 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 27 Confucian Confucian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 28 Impact Impact NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 29 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 30 Chan Chan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 31 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 32 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 33 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 34 net net NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 35 Wisdom Wisdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 36 embodied embody VBN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 37 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 38 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 39 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 41 Daoist daoist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 42 sculpture sculpture NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 45 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 46 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 48 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 50 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 51 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 52 catalog catalog NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 53 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 54 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 55 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 56 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 58 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 59 Libraries Libraries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 60 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 61 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 62 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 63 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 64 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 65 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 66 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 67 如是我闻佛教网- 如是我闻佛教网- VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 68 佛教百科_佛教电视台_佛教视频_佛教印经结缘 佛教百科_佛教电视台_佛教视频_佛教印经结缘 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 69 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 70 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 71 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 72 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 73 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 74 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 75 Major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 76 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 77 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 78 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 79 Chinese chinese JJ 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Christianity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 100 Protestant Protestant NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 101 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 102 Catholic Catholic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 103 Orthodox Orthodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 104 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 105 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 106 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 107 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 108 Baháʼí Baháʼí NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 109 Faith Faith NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 110 Benzhuism benzhuism NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 111 Bimoism bimoism NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 112 Bon Bon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 113 Dongbaism Dongbaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 114 Hinduism Hinduism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 115 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 116 Manchu Manchu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 117 shamanism shamanism NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 118 Manichaeism Manichaeism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 119 Miao Miao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 120 folk folk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 121 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 122 Mongolian mongolian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 123 folk folk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 124 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 125 Qiang Qiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 126 folk folk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 127 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 128 Yao Yao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 129 folk folk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 130 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 131 Zhuang Zhuang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 132 folk folk NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 133 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 134 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 135 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 136 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 137 Kong Kong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 138 Macau Macau NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 139 Northeast Northeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 140 Inner Inner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 141 Mongolia Mongolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 142 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 143 Tibet Tibet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 144 Related Related NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 145 Freedom Freedom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 146 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 147 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 148 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 149 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 150 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 151 lists list NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 152 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 153 cults cult NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 154 Irreligion Irreligion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 155 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 156 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 157 Regional Regional NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 158 Religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 159 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 160 Ghosts Ghosts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 161 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 162 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 163 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 164 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 165 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 166 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 167 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 168 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 169 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 170 Sovereign Sovereign NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 171 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 172 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 173 Armenia Armenia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 174 Azerbaijan Azerbaijan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 175 Bahrain Bahrain NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 176 Bangladesh Bangladesh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 177 Bhutan Bhutan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 178 Brunei Brunei NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 179 Cambodia Cambodia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 180 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 181 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 182 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 183 Timor Timor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 184 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 185 Timor Timor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 186 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 187 Leste Leste NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 188 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 189 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 190 Georgia Georgia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 191 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 192 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 193 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 194 Iraq Iraq NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 195 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 196 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 197 Jordan Jordan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 198 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 199 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 200 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 201 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 202 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 203 Kuwait Kuwait NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 204 Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 205 Laos Laos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 206 Lebanon Lebanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 207 Malaysia Malaysia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 208 Maldives Maldives NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 209 Mongolia Mongolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 210 Myanmar Myanmar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 211 Nepal Nepal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 212 Oman Oman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 213 Pakistan Pakistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 214 Philippines Philippines NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 215 Qatar Qatar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 216 Russia Russia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 217 Saudi Saudi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 218 Arabia Arabia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 219 Singapore Singapore NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 220 Sri Sri NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 221 Lanka Lanka NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 222 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 223 Tajikistan Tajikistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 224 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 225 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 226 Turkmenistan Turkmenistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 227 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 228 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 229 Emirates Emirates NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 230 Uzbekistan Uzbekistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 231 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 232 Yemen Yemen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 233 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 234 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 235 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 236 recognition recognition NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 237 Abkhazia Abkhazia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 238 Artsakh Artsakh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 239 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 240 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 241 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 242 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 243 Ossetia Ossetia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 244 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 245 Dependencies Dependencies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 246 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 247 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 248 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 249 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 250 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 251 Ocean Ocean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 252 Territory Territory NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 253 Christmas Christmas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 254 Island Island NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 255 Cocos Cocos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 256 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 257 Keeling Keeling NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 258 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 259 Islands Islands NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 260 Hong Hong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 261 Kong Kong NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 262 Macau Macau NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 263 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 264 Category Category NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 265 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 266 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 267 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 268 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 269 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 270 Topics Topics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 271 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 272 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 273 Outline Outline NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 274 Glossary Glossary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 275 Index Index NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 276 Foundations foundation VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 277 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 278 Noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 279 Truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 280 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 281 Jewels jewel NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 282 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 283 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 284 Sangha Sangha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 285 Noble Noble NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 286 Eightfold Eightfold NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 287 Path Path NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 288 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 289 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 290 Way Way NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 291 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 292 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 293 Tathāgata Tathāgata NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 294 Birthday Birthday NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 295 Four Four NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 296 sights sight VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 297 Physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 298 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 299 Footprint Footprint NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 300 Relics Relics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 301 Iconography Iconography NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 302 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 303 Laos Laos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 304 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 305 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 306 Films Films NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 307 Miracles Miracles NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 308 Family Family NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 309 Suddhodāna Suddhodāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 310 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 311 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 312 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 313 Māyā Māyā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 314 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 315 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 316 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 317 Mahapajapati Mahapajapati NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 318 Gotamī Gotamī NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 319 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 320 aunt aunt NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 321 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 322 adoptive adoptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 323 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 324 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 325 Yaśodharā yaśodharā NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 326 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 327 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 328 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 329 Rāhula Rāhula NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 330 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 331 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 332 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 333 Ānanda Ānanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 334 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 335 cousin cousin NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 336 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 337 Devadatta Devadatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 338 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 339 cousin cousin NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 340 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 341 Places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 342 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 343 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 344 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 345 stayed stay VBD en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 346 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 347 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 348 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 349 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 350 Bodhisattvas Bodhisattvas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 351 Avalokiteśvara Avalokiteśvara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 352 Guanyin Guanyin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 353 Mañjuśrī Mañjuśrī NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 354 Mahāsthāmaprāpta Mahāsthāmaprāpta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 355 Ākāśagarbha Ākāśagarbha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 356 Kṣitigarbha Kṣitigarbha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 357 Samantabhadra Samantabhadra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 358 Vajrapāṇi Vajrapāṇi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 359 Skanda Skanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 360 Tārā Tārā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 361 Metteyya Metteyya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 362 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 363 Maitreya Maitreya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 364 Disciples Disciples NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 365 Kaundinya Kaundinya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 366 Assaji Assaji NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 367 Sāriputta Sāriputta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 368 Mahamoggallāna Mahamoggallāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 369 Ānanda Ānanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 370 Mahākassapa Mahākassapa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 371 Aṅgulimāla Aṅgulimāla NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 372 Anuruddha Anuruddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 373 Mahākaccana Mahākaccana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 374 Nanda Nanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 375 Subhūti Subhūti NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 376 Punna Punna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 377 Upāli Upāli NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 378 Mahapajapati Mahapajapati NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 379 Gotamī Gotamī NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 380 Khema Khema NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 381 Uppalavanna Uppalavanna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 382 Asita Asita NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 383 Channa Channa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 384 Yasa Yasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 385 Key Key NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 386 concepts concept VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 387 Avidyā Avidyā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 388 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 389 Ignorance ignorance NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 390 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 391 Bardo Bardo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 392 Bodhicitta Bodhicitta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 393 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 394 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 395 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 396 Dhamma Dhamma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 397 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 398 Dharma Dharma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 399 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 400 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 401 hindrances hindrance VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 402 Indriya Indriya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 403 Karma Karma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 404 Kleshas Kleshas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 405 Mindstream Mindstream NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 406 Parinirvana Parinirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 407 Pratītyasamutpāda Pratītyasamutpāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 408 Rebirth Rebirth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 409 Saṃsāra Saṃsāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 410 Saṅkhāra Saṅkhāra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 411 Skandha Skandha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 412 Śūnyatā Śūnyatā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 413 Taṇhā Taṇhā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 414 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 415 Craving craving NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 416 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 417 Tathātā Tathātā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 418 Ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 419 Fetters fetter NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 420 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 421 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 422 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 423 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 424 Anicca Anicca NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 425 Dukkha Dukkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 426 Anatta Anatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 427 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 428 truths truth NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 429 doctrine doctrine VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 430 Cosmology Cosmology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 431 Ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 432 spiritual spiritual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 433 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 434 Six six CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 435 realms realm NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 436 Deva Deva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 437 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 438 Human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 439 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 440 Asura Asura NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 441 realm realm VBP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 442 Hungry Hungry NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 443 Ghost Ghost NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 444 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 445 Animal Animal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 446 realm realm NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 447 Naraka Naraka NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 448 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 449 planes plane NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 450 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 451 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 452 Branches Branches NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 453 Theravada Theravada NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 454 Vajrayana Vajrayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 455 Tibetan Tibetan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 456 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 457 Shingon Shingon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 458 Dzogchen Dzogchen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 459 Mahayana Mahayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 460 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 461 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 462 Chan Chan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 463 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 464 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 465 Korean Korean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 466 Seon Seon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 467 Vietnamese Vietnamese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 468 Thiền Thiền NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 469 Pure Pure NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 470 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 471 Tiantai Tiantai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 472 Nichiren Nichiren NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 473 Madhyamaka Madhyamaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 474 Yogachara Yogachara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 475 Navayana Navayana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 476 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 477 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 478 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 479 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 480 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 481 sectarian sectarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 482 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 483 Basic Basic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 484 points point NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 485 unifying unify VBG en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 486 Theravāda Theravāda NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 487 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 488 Mahāyāna Mahāyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 489 Practices Practices NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 490 Bhavana Bhavana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 491 Bodhipakkhiyādhammā Bodhipakkhiyādhammā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 492 Brahmavihara Brahmavihara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 493 Mettā Mettā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 494 Karuṇā Karuṇā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 495 Mudita Mudita NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 496 Upekkha Upekkha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 497 Buddhābhiṣeka Buddhābhiṣeka NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 498 Dāna Dāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 499 Devotion Devotion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 500 Dhyāna Dhyāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 501 Faith Faith NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 502 Five Five NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 503 Strengths strength NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 504 Iddhipada Iddhipada NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 505 Meditation meditation NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 506 Mantras Mantras NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 507 Kammaṭṭhāna Kammaṭṭhāna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 508 Recollection Recollection NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 509 Smarana Smarana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 510 Anapanasati Anapanasati NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 511 Samatha Samatha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 512 Vipassanā Vipassanā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 513 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 514 Vipassana Vipassana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 515 movement movement NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 516 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 517 Shikantaza Shikantaza NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 518 Zazen Zazen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 519 Koan Koan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 520 Ganana Ganana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 521 Mandala Mandala NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 522 Tonglen Tonglen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 523 Tantra Tantra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 524 Tertön Tertön NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 525 Terma terma NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 526 Merit Merit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 527 Mindfulness Mindfulness NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 528 Satipatthana Satipatthana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 529 Nekkhamma Nekkhamma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 530 Pāramitā Pāramitā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 531 Paritta Paritta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 532 Puja Puja NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 533 Offerings Offerings NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 534 Prostration Prostration NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 535 Chanting Chanting NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 536 Refuge Refuge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 537 Satya Satya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 538 Sacca Sacca NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 539 Seven Seven NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 540 Factors Factors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 541 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 542 Enlightenment Enlightenment NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 543 Sati Sati NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 544 Dhamma Dhamma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 545 vicaya vicaya NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 546 Pīti Pīti NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 547 Passaddhi Passaddhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 548 Śīla Śīla NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 549 Five five CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 550 precepts precept VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 551 Eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 552 precepts precept NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 553 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 554 vow vow NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 555 Pratimokṣa Pratimokṣa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 556 Threefold Threefold NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 557 Training Training NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 558 Śīla Śīla NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 559 Samadhi Samadhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 560 Prajñā Prajñā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 561 Vīrya Vīrya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 562 Four Four NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 563 Right Right NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 564 Exertions Exertions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 565 Nirvana Nirvana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 566 Bodhi Bodhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 567 Bodhisattva Bodhisattva NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 568 Buddhahood Buddhahood NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 569 Pratyekabuddha Pratyekabuddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 570 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 571 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 572 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 573 enlightenment enlightenment NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 574 Sotāpanna Sotāpanna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 575 Sakadagami Sakadagami NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 576 Anāgāmi Anāgāmi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 577 Arhat Arhat NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 578 Monasticism Monasticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 579 Bhikkhu Bhikkhu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 580 Bhikkhunī Bhikkhunī NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 581 Śrāmaṇera Śrāmaṇera NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 582 Śrāmaṇerī Śrāmaṇerī NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 583 Anagārika Anagārika NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 584 Ajahn Ajahn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 585 Sayadaw Sayadaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 586 Zen Zen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 587 master master NN en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 588 Rōshi Rōshi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 589 Lama Lama NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 590 Rinpoche Rinpoche NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 591 Geshe Geshe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 592 Tulku Tulku NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 593 Kappiya Kappiya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 594 Householder Householder NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 595 Upāsaka Upāsaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 596 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 597 Upāsikā Upāsikā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 598 Śrāvaka Śrāvaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 599 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 600 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 601 principal principal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 602 disciples disciple VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 603 Shaolin Shaolin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 604 Monastery Monastery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 605 Major Major NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 606 figures figure VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 607 Gautama Gautama NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 608 Buddha Buddha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 609 Buddhaghosa Buddhaghosa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 610 Nagasena Nagasena NNP en-wikipedia-org-3382 575 611 Bodhidharma Bodhidharma 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