id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 1 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 2 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 4 Wikipedia wikipedia JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 5 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 7 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 8 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 11 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 12 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 13 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 15 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 16 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 18 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 19 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 22 confused confuse VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 24 Javanese javanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 25 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 1 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 2 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 2 2 Nihongo Nihongo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 2 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 2 4 redirects redirect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 2 5 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 2 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 3 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 3 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 3 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 3 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 3 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 3 6 confused confuse VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 3 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 3 8 Nihonga Nihonga NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 3 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 1 East east JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 2 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 4 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 5 日本語 日本語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 6 Nihongo Nihongo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 7 Nihongo Nihongo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 9 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 12 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 13 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 14 Pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 15 /nihoNɡo/ /nihoNɡo/ . en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 17 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 18 ɲihoŋɡo ɲihoŋɡo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 20 Native Native NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 23 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 24 Ethnicity Ethnicity NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 25 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 27 Yamato Yamato NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 29 Native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 30 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 31 ~128 ~128 NFP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 32 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 33   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 35 2020)[1 2020)[1 LS en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 36 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 37 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 38 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 39 Japonic Japonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 40 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 41 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 42 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 43 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 44 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 45 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 46 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 47 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 48 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 49 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 50 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 51 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 52 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 53 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 54 Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 55 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 56 Mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 57 scripts script NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 59 Kanji Kanji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 60 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 61 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 62 character character NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 65 Kana Kana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 66 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 67 Hiragana Hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 69 Katakana Katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 70 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 71 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 72 Braille Braille NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 73 Signed sign VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 74 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 75 Signed sign VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 76 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 77 Official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 78 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 79 Official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 80 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 81   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 82 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 83   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 84 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 85 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 86 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 87 facto facto FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 88 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 89   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 90 Palau Palau NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 91   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 92 ∟ ∟ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 93   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 94 Angaur Angaur NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 95 Recognised recognise VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 96 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 97 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 98   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 99 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 100   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 101 Palau Palau NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 102   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 103 ∟ ∟ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 104   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 105 Angaur Angaur NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 106 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 107 codes code VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 108 ISO iso NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 109 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 110 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 111 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 112 ja ja IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 113 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 114 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 115 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 116 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 117 jpn jpn NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 118 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 119 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 120 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 121 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 122 jpn jpn NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 123 Glottolog Glottolog NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 124 nucl1643 nucl1643 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 125     _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 126 excluding exclude VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 127 Hachijo[2 Hachijo[2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 128 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 129 Linguasphere Linguasphere NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 130 45-CAA 45-caa CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 131 - - : en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 132 a a NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 133 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 134 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 135 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 136 IPA ipa JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 137 phonetic phonetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 138 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 4 139 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 1 Without without IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 2 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 3 rendering rendering JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 4 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 8 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 9 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 10 marks mark NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 12 boxes box NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 15 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 16 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 17 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 19 Unicode Unicode NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 20 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 5 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 6 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 6 2 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 6 3 introductory introductory JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 6 4 guide guide NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 6 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 6 6 IPA ipa JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 6 7 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 6 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 6 9 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 6 10 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 6 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 6 12 IPA IPA NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 6 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 1 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 3 日本語 日本語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 5 Nihongo Nihongo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 6 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 7 ɲihoŋɡo ɲihoŋɡo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 10 listen listen VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 15 East east JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 16 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 17 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 18 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 20 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 21 128 128 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 22 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 23 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 25 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 27 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 29 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 30 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 33 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 34 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 7 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 4 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 7 Japonic Japonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 10 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 12 Ryukyuan Ryukyuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 15 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 19 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 22 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 24 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 26 Korean korean JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 29 debated debate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 8 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 1 Japonic japonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 2 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 4 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 5 grouped group VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 7 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 9 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 12 Ainu Ainu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 14 Austroasiatic Austroasiatic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 18 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 20 discredited discredit VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 21 Altaic Altaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 24 none none NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 26 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 27 proposals proposal NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 28 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 29 gained gain VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 30 widespread widespread JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 31 acceptance acceptance NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 9 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 10 1 Little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 10 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 10 3 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 10 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 10 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 10 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 10 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 10 8 prehistory prehistory NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 10 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 10 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 10 11 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 10 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 10 13 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 10 14 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 10 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 10 16 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 10 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 1 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 2 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 5 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 7 recorded record VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 9 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 10 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 11 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 13 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 14 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 15 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 16 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 18 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 19 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 21 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 22 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 11 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 3 Heian heian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 4 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 6 794–1185 794–1185 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 9 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 11 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 12 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 15 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 17 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 19 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 20 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 12 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 1 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 2 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 3 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 5 1185–1600 1185–1600 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 7 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 8 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 10 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 12 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 14 closer close RBR en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 17 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 22 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 23 appearance appearance NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 25 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 26 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 13 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 2 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 3 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 4 moved move VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 7 Kansai Kansai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 8 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 11 Edo Edo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 13 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 14 Tokyo Tokyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 16 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 19 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 20 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 21 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 22 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 24 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 25 17th 17th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 26 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 27 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 28 mid-19th mid-19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 29 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 14 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 1 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 3 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 5 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 7 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 9 imposed impose VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 10 isolation isolation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 12 1853 1853 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 15 flow flow NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 17 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 19 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 20 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 21 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 22 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 15 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 16 1 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 16 2 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 16 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 16 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 16 5 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 16 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 16 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 16 8 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 16 9 frequent frequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 16 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 16 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 16 12 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 16 13 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 16 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 16 15 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 16 16 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 16 17 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 16 18 proliferated proliferate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 16 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 1 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 3 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 4 agglutinative agglutinative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 6 mora mora NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 8 timed time VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 9 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 11 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 12 phonotactics phonotactic NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 15 pure pure JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 16 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 17 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 19 phonemic phonemic NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 20 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 22 consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 23 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 27 lexically lexically RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 28 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 29 pitch pitch NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 31 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 17 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 1 Word word NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 2 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 4 normally normally RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 5 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 6 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 7 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 8 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 9 verb verb VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 11 particles particle NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 12 marking mark VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 14 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 15 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 17 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 20 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 21 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 23 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 24 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 25 comment comment NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 18 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 19 1 Sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 19 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 19 3 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 19 4 particles particle NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 19 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 19 6 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 19 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 19 8 add add VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 19 9 emotional emotional JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 19 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 19 11 emphatic emphatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 19 12 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 19 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 19 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 19 15 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 19 16 questions question NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 19 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 20 1 Nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 20 2 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 20 3 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 20 4 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 20 5 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 20 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 20 7 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 20 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 20 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 20 10 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-8079 20 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 20 12 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 20 13 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 20 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 21 1 Verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 21 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 21 3 conjugated conjugate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 21 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 21 5 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 21 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 21 7 tense tense NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 21 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 21 9 voice voice NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 21 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 21 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 21 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 21 13 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 21 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 22 1 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 22 2 equivalents equivalent NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 22 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 22 4 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 22 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 22 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 22 7 conjugated conjugate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 22 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 1 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 4 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 5 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 7 honorifics honorific NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 9 verb verb JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 10 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 12 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 14 indicate indicate VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 16 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 17 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 20 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 23 listener listener NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 26 persons person NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 27 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 23 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 1 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 3 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 4 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 5 genealogical genealogical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 6 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 8 Chinese,[3 Chinese,[3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 10 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 12 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 13 prevalent prevalent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 14 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 16 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 17 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 20 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 22 漢字 漢字 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 26 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 27 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 28 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 32 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 33 portion portion NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 35 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 36 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 37 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 38 borrowed borrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 39 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 40 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 24 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 1 Along along IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 3 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 6 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 7 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 8 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 9 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 10 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 11 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 12 syllabic syllabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 15 moraic moraic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 17 scripts script NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 19 hiragana hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 21 ひらがな ひらがな NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 23 平仮名 平仮名 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 26 katakana katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 28 カタカナ カタカナ IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 30 片仮名 片仮名 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 25 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 1 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 2 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 4 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 7 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 8 fashion fashion NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 13 imported import VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 14 acronyms acronym NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 18 numeral numeral JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 19 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 20 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 21 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 22 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 23 numerals numeral NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 24 alongside alongside IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 25 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 26 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 27 numerals numeral NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 26 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 4 1.1 1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 5 Prehistory prehistory NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 6 1.2 1.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 7 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 8 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 9 1.3 1.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 10 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 11 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 12 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 13 1.4 1.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 14 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 15 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 16 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 17 1.5 1.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 18 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 19 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 20 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 21 1.6 1.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 22 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 23 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 24 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 25 Geographic geographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 26 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 27 2.1 2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 28 Official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 29 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 30 2.2 2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 31 Dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 32 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 33 Classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 34 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 35 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 36 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 38 possibilities possibility NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 39 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 40 Phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 41 4.1 4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 42 Vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 43 4.2 4.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 44 Consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 45 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 46 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 47 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 48 Sentence Sentence NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 49 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 50 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 51 Inflection inflection NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 53 conjugation conjugation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 54 5.3 5.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 55 Politeness Politeness NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 56 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 57 Vocabulary Vocabulary NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 58 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 59 Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 60 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 61 7.1 7.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 62 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 63 7.2 7.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 64 Hiragana Hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 65 7.3 7.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 66 Katakana Katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 67 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 68 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 69 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 70 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 71 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 72 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 73 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 74 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 75 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 76 Notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 77 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 78 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 79 11.1 11.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 80 Citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 81 11.2 11.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 82 Works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 83 cited cite VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 84 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 85 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 86 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 87 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 88 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 89 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 90 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 91 Prehistory Prehistory NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 92 Proto Proto NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 93 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 94 Japonic Japonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 95 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 96 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 97 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 98 ancestor ancestor NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 99 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 100 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 101 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 102 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 103 Ryukyuan Ryukyuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 104 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 105 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 106 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 107 thought think VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 108 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 109 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 110 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 111 brought bring VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 112 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 113 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 114 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 115 settlers settler NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 116 coming come VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 117 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 118 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 119 Korean korean JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 120 peninsula peninsula NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 121 sometime sometime RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 122 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 123 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 124 early- early- NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 125 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 126 mid-4th mid-4th NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 127 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 128 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 129 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 130 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 131 Yayoi Yayoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 132 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 133 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 134 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 135 replacing replace VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 136 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 137 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 138 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 139 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 140 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 141 Jōmon Jōmon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 142 inhabitants,[4 inhabitants,[4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 143 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 144 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 145 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 146 ancestor ancestor NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 147 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 148 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 149 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 150 Ainu Ainu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 151 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 27 152 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 28 1 Very very RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 28 2 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 28 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 28 4 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 28 5 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 28 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 28 7 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 28 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 28 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 28 10 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 28 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 2 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 3 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 4 yet yet RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 7 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 9 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 11 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 13 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 14 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 15 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 18 anything anything NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 20 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 22 discerned discern VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 23 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 25 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 26 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 27 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 28 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 29 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 30 reconstructions reconstruction NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 32 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 33 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 29 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 1 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 2 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 4 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 7 Man'yōshū Man'yōshū NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 10 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 11 anthology anthology NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 13 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 14 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 15 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 16 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 17 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 19 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 20 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 21 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 22 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 25 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 26 attested attest VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 27 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 30 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 31 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 30 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 31 1 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 31 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 31 3 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 31 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 31 5 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 31 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 31 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 31 8 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 31 9 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 31 10 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 31 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 31 12 imported import VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 31 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 31 14 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 31 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 2 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 3 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 4 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 6 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 8 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 10 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 11 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 13 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 14 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 16 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 17 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 18 meant mean VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 21 read read VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 23 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 26 kanbun kanbun NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 27 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 32 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 4 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 5 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 6 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 7 influences influence NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 9 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 10 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 12 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 15 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 16 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 19 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 21 placing place VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 23 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 24 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 26 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 33 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 34 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 34 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 34 3 hybrid hybrid JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 34 4 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 34 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 34 6 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 34 7 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 34 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 34 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 34 10 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 34 11 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 34 12 phonetically phonetically RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 34 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 34 14 represent represent VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 34 15 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 34 16 particles particle NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 34 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 2 earliest early JJS en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 3 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 6 Kojiki Kojiki NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 8 dates date VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 11 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 12 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 17 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 18 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 20 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 21 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 35 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 36 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 36 2 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 36 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 36 4 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 36 5 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 36 6 coincides coincide NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 36 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 36 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 36 9 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 36 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 36 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 36 12 Nara Nara NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 36 13 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 36 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 36 15 794 794 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 36 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 1 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 2 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 3 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 5 Man'yōgana Man'yōgana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 6 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 8 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 11 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 12 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 15 phonetic phonetic NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 16 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 17 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 19 semantic semantic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 20 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 37 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 38 1 Based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 38 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 38 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 38 4 Man'yōgana Man'yōgana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 38 5 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 38 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 38 7 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 38 8 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 38 9 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 38 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 38 11 reconstructed reconstruct VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 38 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 38 13 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 38 14 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 38 15 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 38 16 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 38 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 1 Texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 2 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 3 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 4 Man'yōgana Man'yōgana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 5 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 6 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 7 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 8 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 10 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 13 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 14 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 15 pronounced pronounce VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 16 き き NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 17 ki ki NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 19 ひ ひ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 20 hi hi UH en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 22 み み NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 23 mi mi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 25 け け NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 26 ke ke NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 28 へ へ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 29 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 31 め め VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 32 me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 34 こ こ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 35 ko ko NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 37 そ そ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 38 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 40 と と NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 41 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 43 の の LS en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 44 no no UH en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 46 も も CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 47 mo mo NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 49 よ よ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 50 yo yo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 52 ろ ろ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 53 ro ro NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 39 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 40 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 40 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 40 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 40 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 40 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 40 6 Kojiki Kojiki NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 40 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 40 8 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 40 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 40 10 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 40 11 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 40 12 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 40 13 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 40 14 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 40 15 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 40 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 41 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 41 2 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 41 3 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 41 4 mo1 mo1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 41 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 41 6 mo2 mo2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 41 7 apparently apparently RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 41 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 41 9 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 41 10 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 41 11 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 41 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 41 13 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 41 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 41 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 2 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 4 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 5 shrank shrink VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 7 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 9 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 10 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 11 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 13 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 14 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 16 added add VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 17 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 18 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 19 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 42 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 1 Due due IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 4 extra extra JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 5 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 10 hypothesized hypothesize VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 12 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 13 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 15 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 16 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 18 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 19 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 20 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 22 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 23 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 24 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 25 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 26 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 27 contained contain VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 28 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 30 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 31 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 43 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 3 Shinkichi Shinkichi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 4 Hashimoto Hashimoto NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 7 extra extra JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 8 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 10 Man'yōgana Man'yōgana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 11 derive derive VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 13 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 14 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 16 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 19 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 21 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 44 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 5 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 6 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 7 indicate indicate VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 9 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 10 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 13 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 15 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 16 system,[7 system,[7 NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 19 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 22 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 23 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 25 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 26 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 45 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 2 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 3 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 4 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 5 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 7 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 8 shrunk shrink VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 9 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 10 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 11 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 12 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 13 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 16 invention invention NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 19 kana kana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 21 hiragana hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 23 katakana katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 27 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 28 9th 9th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 29 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 46 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 4 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 7 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 9 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 10 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 12 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 13 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 14 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 15 resemble resemble VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 16 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 19 Uralic Uralic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 21 Altaic Altaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 22 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 23 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 47 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 8 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 9 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 10 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 13 alternation alternation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 14 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 15 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 16 necessarily necessarily RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 17 reflects reflect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 19 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 22 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 23 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 24 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 26 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 27 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 28 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 30 moment moment NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 33 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 34 undisputed undisputed JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 35 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 36 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 37 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 38 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 39 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 40 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 41 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 48 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 2 newer new JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 3 reconstruction reconstruction NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 5 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 6 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 7 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 8 striking strike VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 9 similarities similarity NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 11 Southeast southeast JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 13 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 14 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 16 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 18 Austronesian austronesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 19 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 49 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 4 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 5 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 6 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 8 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 9 /h/ /h/ . en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 12 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 13 /ɸ/ /ɸ/ . en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 15 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 17 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 18 fu fu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 20 /ɸɯ/ /ɸɯ/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 24 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 25 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 26 reconstructed reconstruct VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 29 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 30 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-8079 50 31 /p/. /p/. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 51 1 Man'yōgana Man'yōgana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 51 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 51 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 51 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 51 5 symbol symbol NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 51 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 51 7 /je/ /je/ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 51 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 51 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 51 10 merges merge VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 51 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 51 12 /e/ /e/ . en-wikipedia-org-8079 51 13 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 51 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 51 15 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 51 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 51 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 51 18 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 51 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 1 Several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 2 fossilizations fossilization NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 4 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 5 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 6 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 7 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 8 remain remain VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 11 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 13 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 15 genitive genitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 16 particle particle NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 17 tsu tsu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 19 superseded supersede VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 21 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 22 no no NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 25 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 27 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 28 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 30 matsuge matsuge NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 32 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 33 eyelash eyelash NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 36 lit light VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 52 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 2 hair hair NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 5 eye eye NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 9 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 10 mieru mieru NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 15 visible visible JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 19 kikoeru kikoeru NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 24 audible audible JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 27 retain retain VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 28 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 29 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 30 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 31 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 33 mediopassive mediopassive JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 34 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 35 -yu(ru -yu(ru NFP en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 38 kikoyu kikoyu JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 39 → → SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 40 kikoyuru kikoyuru NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 43 attributive attributive JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 44 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 46 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 47 slowly slowly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 48 replaced replace VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 50 plain plain JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 51 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 52 starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 53 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 55 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 56 Heian heian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 57 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 58 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 59 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 60 kikoeru kikoeru NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 61 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 62 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 63 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 64 shimo shimo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 65 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 66 nidan nidan NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 67 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 68 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 69 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 70 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 71 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 72 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 73 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 74 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 75 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 76 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 77 genitive genitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 78 particle particle NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 79 ga ga NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 80 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 81 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 82 intentionally intentionally RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 83 archaic archaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 84 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 53 85 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 1 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 2 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 3 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 5 12th 12th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 7 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 8 emaki emaki NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 9 scroll scroll NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 12 Tale Tale NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 14 Genji Genji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 17 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 18 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 19 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 20 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 22 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 23 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 24 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 25 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 26 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 27 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 30 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 33 Heian heian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 34 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 36 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 37 794 794 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 39 1185 1185 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 54 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 1 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 2 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 3 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 4 sees see VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 6 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 7 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 9 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 10 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 15 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 16 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 17 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 18 distinctions distinction NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 19 become become VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 20 phonemic phonemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 22 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 23 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 25 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 28 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 30 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 31 labialised labialise VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 55 33 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 56 1 kwa kwa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 56 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 56 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 56 4 palatalised palatalise VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 56 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 56 6 kya kya NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 56 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 56 8 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 56 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 56 10 added add VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 56 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 57 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 57 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 57 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 57 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 57 5 Intervocalic Intervocalic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 57 6 /ɸ/ /ɸ/ , en-wikipedia-org-8079 57 7 merges merge NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 57 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 57 9 /w/ /w/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-8079 57 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 57 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 57 12 11th 11th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 57 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 57 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 2 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 4 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 5 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 6 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 7 sees see VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 9 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 12 shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 13 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 15 attributive attributive JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 16 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 18 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 19 rentaikei rentaikei NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 21 slowly slowly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 22 replaces replace VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 24 uninflected uninflected JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 25 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 27 shūshikei shūshikei NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 30 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 31 verb verb JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 32 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 33 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 35 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 36 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 37 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 58 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 1 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 2 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 3 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 4 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 5 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 7 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 8 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 9 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 10 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 11 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 12 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 13 covers cover VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 15 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 17 1185 1185 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 19 1600 1600 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 23 normally normally RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 24 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 25 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 26 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 27 sections section NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 29 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 30 equivalent equivalent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 33 Kamakura Kamakura NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 34 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 37 Muromachi Muromachi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 38 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 40 respectively respectively RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 59 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 2 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 3 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 5 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 6 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 7 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 10 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 13 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 17 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 18 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 21 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 22 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 24 Jesuit Jesuit NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 26 Franciscan franciscan JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 27 missionaries missionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 28 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 30 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 31 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 32 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 33 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 34 documentation documentation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 36 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 37 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 38 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 39 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 40 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 41 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 42 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 43 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 45 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 46 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 49 Arte Arte NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 50 da da NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 51 Lingoa Lingoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 52 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 53 Iapam Iapam NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 60 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 1 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 3 sound sound JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 4 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 7 sequence sequence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 8 /au/ /au/ CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 9 merges merge NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 11 /ɔː/ /ɔː/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 14 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 16 /oː/ /oː/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 18 /p/ /p/ . en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 20 reintroduced reintroduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 22 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 23 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 25 /we/ /we/ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 26 merges merge NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 61 28 /je/. /je/. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 2 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 3 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 4 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 5 familiar familiar JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 7 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 8 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 9 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 10 begin begin VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 12 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 13 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 15 continuative continuative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 16 ending ending NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 17 -te -te : en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 18 begins begin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 20 reduce reduce VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 21 onto onto IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 23 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 62 25 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 1 yonde yonde NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 3 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 4 yomite yomite NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 8 -k- -k- NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 11 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 12 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 14 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 15 drops drop VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 16 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 18 shiroi shiroi NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 20 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 21 shiroki shiroki NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 23 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 25 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 26 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 27 exist exist VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 28 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 29 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 30 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 31 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 32 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 33 retained retain VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 35 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 36 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 63 38 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 1 hayaku hayaku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 2 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 3 hayau hayau NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 4 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 5 hayɔɔ hayɔɔ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 7 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 8 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 9 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 10 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 11 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 12 hayaku hayaku NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 14 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 16 alternative alternative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 17 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 19 preserved preserve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 22 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 23 greeting greeting NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 24 o o NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 26 hayō hayō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 27 gozaimasu gozaimasu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 29 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 30 morning morning NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 32 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 33 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 34 ending ending NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 36 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 37 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 39 o o NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 41 medetō medetō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 43 congratulations congratulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 44 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 46 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 47 medetaku medetaku NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 64 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 1 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 2 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 3 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 4 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 6 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 7 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 9 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 10 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 11 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 12 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 14 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 15 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 16 borrowed borrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 17 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 18 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 20 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 21 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 22 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 23 pan pan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 26 bread bread NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 30 tabako tabako NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 32 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 33 tobacco tobacco NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 36 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 37 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 38 cigarette cigarette NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 42 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 43 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 44 Portuguese Portuguese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 65 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 66 1 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 66 2 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 66 3 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 66 4 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 66 5 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 66 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 66 7 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 66 8 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 66 9 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 66 10 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 66 11 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 66 12 needs need VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 66 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 66 14 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 66 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 66 16 verification verification NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 66 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 67 1 Please please UH en-wikipedia-org-8079 67 2 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 67 3 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 67 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 67 5 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 67 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 67 7 adding add VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 67 8 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 67 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 67 10 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 67 11 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 67 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 68 1 Unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 68 2 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 68 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 68 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 68 5 challenged challenge VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 68 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 68 7 removed remove VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 68 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 3 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 6 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 7 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 9 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 11 remove remove VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 13 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 14 message message NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 16 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 17 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 18 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 23 confused confuse VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 25 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 26 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 28 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 30 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 31 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 32 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 34 Meiji Meiji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 35 Restoration Restoration NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 69 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 70 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 70 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 70 3 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 70 4 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 70 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 70 6 extremely extremely RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 70 7 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 70 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 70 9 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 70 10 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 70 11 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 70 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 70 13 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 70 14 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 70 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 70 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 70 17 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 70 18 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 70 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 71 1 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 71 2 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 71 3 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 71 4 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 71 5 evolved evolve VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 71 6 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 71 7 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 71 8 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 71 9 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 71 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 71 11 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 71 12 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 71 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 1 Only only RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 2 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 3 1945 1945 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 5 shortly shortly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 6 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 7 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 8 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 9 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 11 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 12 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 13 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 14 become become VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 16 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 17 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 19 seeing see VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 20 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 22 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 23 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 24 communications communication NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 72 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 6 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 7 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 9 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 11 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 14 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 16 Katakana Katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 18 Hiragana Hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 19 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 20 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 21 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 22 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 23 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 24 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 26 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 29 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 30 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 32 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 33 Kanji Kanji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 35 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 36 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 38 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 40 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 41 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 43 express express VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 44 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 47 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 49 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 50 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 73 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 4 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 5 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 6 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 7 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 9 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 11 begin begin VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 14 Edo Edo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 15 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 18 lasted last VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 19 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 20 1603 1603 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 22 1868 1868 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 74 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 2 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 3 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 6 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 7 facto facto FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 8 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 9 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 13 Kansai Kansai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 14 dialect dialect VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 16 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 17 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 19 Kyoto Kyoto NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 75 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 3 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 5 Edo Edo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 6 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 8 Edo Edo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 10 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 11 Tokyo Tokyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 13 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 14 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 16 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 17 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 19 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 23 Edo Edo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 25 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 26 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 27 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 28 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 29 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 76 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 3 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 5 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 7 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 9 imposed impose VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 10 isolation isolation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 12 1853 1853 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 15 flow flow NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 17 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 19 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 20 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 21 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 22 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 23 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 77 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 2 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 3 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 4 1945 1945 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 6 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 7 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 8 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 9 borrowed borrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 11 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 12 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 13 — — : en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 16 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 18 Portuguese Portuguese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 20 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 78 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 5 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 6 loan loan NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 7 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 8 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 9 relate relate VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 11 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 12 — — : en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 14 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 16 pasokon pasokon NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 18 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 21 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 22 computer computer NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 26 intānetto intānetto NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 29 internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 34 kamera kamera NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 36 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 37 camera camera NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 79 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 1 Due due IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 4 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 5 quantity quantity NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 7 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 8 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 10 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 11 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 12 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 13 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 15 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 16 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 17 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 18 tɕi tɕi NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 21 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 22 ti ti NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 26 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 27 dʑi dʑi NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 30 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 31 di di NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 34 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 36 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 38 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 39 pair pair NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 40 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 41 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 43 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 80 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 4 Geographic geographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 5 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 6 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 7 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 9 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 10 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 11 exclusively exclusively RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 13 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 16 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 17 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 18 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 19 outside outside RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 81 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 1 Before before IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 3 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 4 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 5 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 6 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 8 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 9 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 10 annexation annexation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 12 Taiwan Taiwan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 14 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 16 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 17 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 19 partial partial JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 20 occupation occupation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 22 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 25 Philippines Philippines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 28 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 29 Pacific Pacific NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 30 islands,[14 islands,[14 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 31 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 32 locals local NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 34 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 35 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 36 learned learn VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 37 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 40 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 43 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 82 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 83 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 83 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 83 3 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 83 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 83 5 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 83 6 elderly elderly JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 83 7 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 83 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 83 9 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 83 10 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 83 11 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 83 12 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 83 13 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 83 14 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 83 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 1 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 2 emigrant emigrant NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 3 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 6 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 12 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 14 Brazil,[15 Brazil,[15 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 17 1.4 1.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 18 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 20 1.5 1.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 21 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 22 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 23 immigrants immigrant NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 25 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 27 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 29 Brazilian brazilian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 30 IBGE IBGE NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 31 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 33 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 34 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 36 1.2 1.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 37 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 40 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 41 States[16 states[16 ADD en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 42 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 44 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 45 employ employ VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 46 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 47 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 48 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 49 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 50 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 84 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 1 Approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 3 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 5 Hawaii Hawaii NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 6 residents resident NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 7 speak speak VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 8 Japanese,[17 Japanese,[17 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 12 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 13 12.6 12.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 14 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 17 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 19 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 20 ancestry ancestry NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 22 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 85 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 1 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 2 emigrants emigrant NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 3 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 6 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 8 Peru Peru NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 10 Argentina Argentina NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 12 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 14 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 17 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 18 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 21 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 23 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 25 Vancouver Vancouver NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 26 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 27 1.4 1.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 28 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 31 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 32 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 33 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 34 ancestry[18 ancestry[18 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 35 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 39 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 40 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 42 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 43 Hawaii Hawaii NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 45 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 46 16.7 16.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 47 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 50 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 51 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 52 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 53 ancestry,[19 ancestry,[19 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 54 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 56 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 57 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 61 Philippines Philippines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 62 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 63 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 64 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 65 Davao Davao NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 66 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 67 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 68 Laguna Laguna NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 69 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 70 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 86 71 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 2 20][21][22 20][21][22 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 4 Official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 5 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 6 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 8 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 9 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 10 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 12 Japan,[23 Japan,[23 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 17 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 18 facto facto FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 19 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 20 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 23 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 87 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 4 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 7 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 8 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 9 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 11 hyōjungo hyōjungo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 13 標準語 標準語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 16 meaning mean VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 18 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 19 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 23 kyōtsūgo kyōtsūgo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 25 共通語 共通語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 28 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 29 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 30 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 88 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 89 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 89 2 meanings meaning NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 89 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 89 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 89 5 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 89 6 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 89 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 89 8 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 89 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 89 10 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 89 11 . . . 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Hyōjungo Hyōjungo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 92 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 92 3 taught teach VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 92 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 92 5 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 92 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 92 7 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 92 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 92 9 television television NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 92 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 92 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 92 12 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 92 13 communications communication NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 92 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 93 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 93 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 93 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 93 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 93 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 93 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 93 7 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 93 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 93 9 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 93 10 discussed discuss VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 93 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 93 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 93 13 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 93 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 1 Formerly formerly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 3 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 4 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 6 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 8 文語 文語 UH en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 10 bungo bungo NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 13 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 18 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 20 colloquial colloquial JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 23 口語 口語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 25 kōgo kōgo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 94 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 95 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 95 2 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 95 3 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 95 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 95 5 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 95 6 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 95 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 95 8 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 95 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 95 10 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 95 11 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 95 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 95 13 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 95 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 1 Bungo Bungo NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 4 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 5 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 7 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 8 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 9 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 10 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 11 1900 1900 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 13 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 14 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 15 kōgo kōgo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 16 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 17 extended extend VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 19 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 22 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 23 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 25 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 26 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 28 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 29 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 31 1940s 1940s CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 96 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 97 1 Bungo Bungo NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 97 2 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 97 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 97 4 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 97 5 relevance relevance NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 97 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 97 7 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 97 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 97 9 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 97 10 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 97 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 97 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 97 13 lawyers lawyer NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 97 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 97 15 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 97 16 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 97 17 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 97 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 97 19 survived survive VBD 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dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 5 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 7 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 8 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 10 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 11 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 12 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 14 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 15 bungo bungo NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 16 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 18 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 20 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 21 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 23 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 24 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 26 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 98 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 1 Dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 2 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 3 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 5 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 6 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 7 Map Map NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 9 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 10 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 12 Japonic japonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 13 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 14 Dozens dozen NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 16 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 18 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 20 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 99 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 100 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 100 2 profusion profusion NN 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morphology morphology NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 101 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 101 13 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 101 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 101 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 101 16 particle particle NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 101 17 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 101 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 102 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 102 2 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 102 3 differ differ VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 102 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 102 5 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 102 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 102 7 consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 102 8 inventories inventory NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 102 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 102 10 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 102 11 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 102 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 102 13 uncommon uncommon JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 102 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 2 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 3 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 5 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 6 accents accent NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 8 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 9 Tokyo Tokyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 11 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 13 東京式 東京式 NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 15 Tōkyō Tōkyō NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 17 shiki shiki NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 20 Kyoto Kyoto NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 22 Osaka Osaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 24 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 26 京阪式 京阪式 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 28 Keihan Keihan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 30 shiki shiki NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 103 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 104 1 Within within IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 104 2 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 104 3 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 104 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 104 5 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 104 6 subdivisions subdivision NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 104 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 1 Kyoto Kyoto NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 3 Osaka Osaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 5 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 6 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 10 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 11 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 13 roughly roughly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 14 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 16 Kansai Kansai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 18 Shikoku Shikoku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 21 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 22 Hokuriku Hokuriku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 23 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 105 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 1 Dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 3 peripheral peripheral JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 4 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 8 Tōhoku Tōhoku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 10 Kagoshima Kagoshima NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 12 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 14 unintelligible unintelligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 16 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 19 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 20 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 23 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 106 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 4 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 5 islands island NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 7 mountain mountain NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 8 villages village NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 10 isolated isolate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 11 islands island NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 12 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 14 Hachijō Hachijō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 16 jima jima NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 17 island island NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 18 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 19 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 21 descended descend VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 24 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 25 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 27 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 28 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 107 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 1 Dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 4 Kansai Kansai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 5 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 7 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 9 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 11 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 12 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 15 Osaka Osaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 16 dialect dialect VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 18 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 20 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 22 comedy comedy NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 24 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 25 Kansai Kansai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 26 dialect dialect VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 108 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 109 1 Dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 109 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 109 3 Tōhoku Tōhoku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 109 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 109 5 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 109 6 Kantō Kantō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 109 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 109 8 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 109 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 109 10 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 109 11 farmers farmer NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 109 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 2 Ryūkyūan Ryūkyūan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 3 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 5 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 7 Okinawa Okinawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 10 Amami Amami NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 11 Islands Islands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 13 politically politically RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 14 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 16 Kagoshima Kagoshima NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 20 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 21 enough enough RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 24 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 26 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 27 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 30 Japonic Japonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 31 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 32 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 33 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 34 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 36 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 37 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 38 unintelligible unintelligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 40 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 41 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 43 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 44 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 45 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 46 unintelligible unintelligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 47 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 48 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 49 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 50 speak speak VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 51 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 52 Ryūkyūan Ryūkyūan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 53 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 110 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 4 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 6 linguists linguist NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 8 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 9 ordinary ordinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 10 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 11 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 12 tend tend VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 14 consider consider VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 16 Ryūkyūan Ryūkyūan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 17 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 19 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 21 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 111 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 112 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 112 2 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 112 3 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 112 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 112 5 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 112 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 112 7 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 112 8 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 112 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 112 10 unusual unusual JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 112 11 variant variant NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 112 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 112 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 112 14 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 112 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 112 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 112 17 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 112 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 4 Most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 5 likely likely RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 6 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 8 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 9 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 11 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 12 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 16 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 17 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 20 prevalent prevalent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 21 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 23 Heian heian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 24 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 26 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 27 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 28 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 29 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 31 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 32 Meiji Meiji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 33 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 113 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 5 Ryūkyūan Ryūkyūan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 6 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 8 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 11 decreasing decrease VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 12 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 14 elderly elderly JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 15 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 16 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 17 UNESCO UNESCO NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 18 classified classify VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 20 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 21 endangered endanger VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 23 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 24 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 25 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 26 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 27 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 29 2050 2050 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 114 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 115 1 Young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 115 2 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 115 3 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 115 4 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 115 5 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 115 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 115 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 115 8 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 115 9 understand understand VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 115 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 115 11 Ryukyuan Ryukyuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 115 12 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 115 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 116 1 Okinawan Okinawan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 116 2 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 116 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 116 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 116 5 variant variant NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 116 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 116 7 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 116 8 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 116 9 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 116 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 116 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 116 12 Ryukyuan Ryukyuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 116 13 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 116 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 117 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 117 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 117 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 117 4 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 117 5 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 117 6 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 117 7 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 117 8 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 117 9 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 117 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 117 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 117 12 Ryukyu Ryukyu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 117 13 Islands Islands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 117 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 4 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 5 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 7 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 8 prevalent prevalent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 9 nationwide nationwide JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 11 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 13 Ryūkyū Ryūkyū NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 14 islands island NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 16 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 18 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 20 mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 21 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 24 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 25 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 27 mobility mobility NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 28 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 29 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 31 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 32 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 34 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 35 integration integration NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 118 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 1 Classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 2 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 3 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 5 Classification classification NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 8 Japonic Japonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 9 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 10 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 13 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 16 Japonic Japonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 17 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 18 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 21 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 22 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 24 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 25 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 26 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 28 Ryūkyū Ryūkyū NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 29 Islands Islands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 119 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 3 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 4 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 5 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 7 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 8 treated treat VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 10 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 13 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 16 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 18 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 19 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 22 isolate isolate NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 120 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 3 Martine Martine NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 4 Irma Irma NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 5 Robbeets Robbeets NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 7 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 10 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 12 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 13 attempts attempt NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 15 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 16 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 17 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 19 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 20 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 21 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 22 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 23 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 24 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 27 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 121 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 4 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 5 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 6 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 7 gained gain VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 9 consideration consideration NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 11 linguists linguist NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 14 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 15 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 18 attempts attempt NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 19 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 20 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 21 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 23 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 24 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 25 genealogical genealogical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 26 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 28 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 30 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 31 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 32 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 34 Ainu Ainu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 36 Korean korean JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 38 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 40 Tibeto Tibeto NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 41 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 42 Burman Burman NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 44 Ural Ural NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 46 Altaic Altaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 48 Altaic Altaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 50 Uralic Uralic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 52 Mon Mon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 53 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 54 Khmer Khmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 56 Malayo Malayo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 57 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 58 Polynesian Polynesian NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 60 Ryukyuan Ryukyuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 122 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 3 fringe fringe NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 5 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 6 linguists linguist NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 8 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 10 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 12 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 14 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 15 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 17 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 18 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 22 Lepcha Lepcha NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 123 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 124 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 124 2 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 124 3 stands stand VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 124 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 124 5 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 124 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 124 7 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 124 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 124 9 Ryukyuan Ryukyuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 124 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 124 11 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 124 12 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 124 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 4 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 5 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 7 possibilities possibility NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 8 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 9 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 10 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 11 tried try VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 13 link link VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 14 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 17 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 18 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 20 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 21 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 22 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 24 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 25 Korean korean JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 28 bigger big JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 29 Altaic Altaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 30 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 32 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 33 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 34 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 36 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 37 Transeurasian Transeurasian NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 41 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 43 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 44 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 45 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 46 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 47 Southeast southeast JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 48 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 49 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 51 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 52 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 53 Austronesian Austronesian NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 125 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 126 1 None none NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 126 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 126 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 126 4 proposals proposal NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 126 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 126 6 gained gain VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 126 7 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 126 8 acceptance acceptance NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 126 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 126 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 126 11 Altaic Altaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 126 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 126 13 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 126 14 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 126 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 126 16 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 126 17 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 126 18 controversial controversial JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 126 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 2 30][31][32 30][31][32 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 4 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 5 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 6 view view VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 8 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 9 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 12 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 13 creole creole JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 15 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 16 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 17 inputs input NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 19 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 20 least least RBS en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 21 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 22 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 23 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 24 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 28 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 29 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 31 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 32 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 33 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 34 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 35 absorbed absorb VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 36 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 37 aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 38 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 39 neighbouring neighbouring NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 40 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 127 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 2 33][34][35 33][34][35 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 5 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 7 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 9 classified classify VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 12 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 15 Japonic japonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 16 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 20 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 21 isolate isolate NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 23 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 24 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 25 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 26 relatives relative NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 27 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 28 Ryukyuan Ryukyuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 30 counted count VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 32 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 128 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 4 Phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 5 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 8 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 9 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 10 Spoken Spoken NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 11 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 12 Vowels Vowels NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 14 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 16 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 17 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 20 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 21 chart chart NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 129 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 130 1 Adapted adapt VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 130 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 130 3 Okada Okada NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 130 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 130 5 1999:117 1999:117 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 130 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 130 7 harvcoltxt harvcoltxt NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 130 8 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 130 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 130 10 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 130 11 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 130 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 130 13 CITEREFOkada1999 citerefokada1999 NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 130 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 130 15 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 130 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 130 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 1 Front front JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 2 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 3 Back back RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 4 Close close RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 5 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 6 u u NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 7 Mid Mid NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 8 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 9 o o XX en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 10 Open open VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 12 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 13 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 14 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 16 pure pure JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 18 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 19 that that RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 20 is is RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 22 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 23 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 24 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 25 diphthongs diphthong NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 27 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 28 monophthongs monophthong NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 131 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 2 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 3 unusual unusual JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 4 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 7 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 8 back back JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 9 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 10 /u/ /u/ . en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 12 listen listen VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 16 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 18 compressed compress VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 19 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 20 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 21 rounded rounded JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 23 fronted front VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 132 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 1 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 3 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 4 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 7 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 8 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 10 phonemic phonemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 13 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 14 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 15 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 17 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 20 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 21 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 133 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 1 Elongated elongate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 2 vowels vowel NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 4 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 5 denoted denote VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 8 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 9 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 11 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 14 macron macron NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 17 rōmaji rōmaji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 20 repeated repeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 21 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 22 character character NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 24 hiragana hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 28 chōonpu chōonpu NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 29 succeeding succeed VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 31 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 33 katakana katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 134 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 1 Consonants Consonants NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 2 Bilabial Bilabial NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 3 Alveolar Alveolar NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 4 Alveolo- Alveolo- NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 5 palatal palatal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 6 Palatal Palatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 7 Velar Velar NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 8 Uvular Uvular NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 9 Glottal Glottal NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 10 Nasal Nasal NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 11 m m NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 12 n n NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 14 ɲ ɲ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 17 ŋ ŋ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 20 ɴ ɴ LS en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 22 Stop stop VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 23 p p NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 24       _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 25 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 26 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 27       _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 28 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 29 k k NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 30       _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 31 ɡ ɡ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 32 Affricate Affricate NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 34 t͡s t͡s NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 36       _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 38 d͡z d͡z NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 41 t͡ɕ t͡ɕ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 43       _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 45 d͡ʑ d͡ʑ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 47 Fricative Fricative NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 49 ɸ ɸ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 51 s s NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 52       _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 53 z z NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 55 ɕ ɕ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 57       _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 58 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 59 ʑ ʑ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 60 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 61 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 62 ç ç NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 64 h h LS en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 65 Liquid Liquid NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 66 r r NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 67 Semivowel Semivowel NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 68 j j NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 69 w w NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 70 Special Special NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 71 moras moras NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 72 /N/ /n/ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 74 /Q/ /Q/ . en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 75 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 76 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 77 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 78 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 79 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 80 allophones allophone NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 81 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 82 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 83 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 84 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 85 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 86 impression impression NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 87 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 88 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 89 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 90 inventory inventory NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 91 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 92 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 135 93 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 136 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 136 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 136 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 136 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 136 5 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 136 6 allophones allophone NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 136 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 136 8 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 136 9 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 136 10 phonemic phonemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 136 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 6 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 7 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 8 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 11 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 13 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 14 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 17 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 18 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 21 phonemic phonemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 22 sequence sequence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 23 /ti/ /ti/ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 25 palatalized palatalize VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 27 realized realize VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 28 phonetically phonetically RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 30 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 31 tɕi tɕi JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 34 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 35 chi chi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 37 listen listen NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 39 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 40 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 42 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 43 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 44 ti ti NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 45 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 47 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 48 tɕi tɕi JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 49 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 50 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 51 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 53 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 54 evidenced evidence VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 55 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 56 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 57 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 58 tī tī NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 59 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 60 tiː tiː NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 61 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 62 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 63 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 64 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 65 tea tea NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 66 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 67 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 68 chii chii NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 69 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 70 tɕii tɕii NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 71 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 72 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 73 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 74 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 75 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 137 76 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 3 r r NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 7 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 11 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 12 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 14 ranging range VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 15 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 17 apical apical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 18 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 19 tap tap NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 22 lateral lateral JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 23 approximant approximant NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 138 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 3 g g NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 7 notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 9 unless unless IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 11 starts start VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 13 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 16 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 18 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 19 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 20 ŋ ŋ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 25 Kanto Kanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 26 prestige prestige NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 27 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 30 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 31 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 32 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 139 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 2 syllabic syllabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 3 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 6 phonotactics phonotactic NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 8 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 9 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 12 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 13 consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 14 clusters cluster NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 15 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 16 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 18 syllable syllable JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 19 consist consist NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 21 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 24 subset subset NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 27 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 28 plus plus CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 140 29 /j/. /j/. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 141 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 141 2 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 141 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 141 4 cluster cluster NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 141 5 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 141 6 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 141 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 141 8 onsets onset NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 141 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 3 consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 4 clusters cluster NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 5 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 6 syllables syllable NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 8 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 9 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 10 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 13 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 14 consonants consonant NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 17 nasal nasal NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 18 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 21 homorganic homorganic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 22 consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 142 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 143 1 Consonant consonant JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 143 2 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 143 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 143 4 gemination gemination NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 143 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 143 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 143 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 143 8 phonemic phonemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 143 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 2 phonology phonology NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 4 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 6 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 8 pitch pitch NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 9 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 10 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 15 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 17 helps help VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 18 differentiate differentiate JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 19 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 21 identical identical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 22 hiragana hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 23 spelling spelling NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 25 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 27 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 28 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 29 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 144 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 4 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 6 identical identical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 7 hiragana hiragana NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 8 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 11 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 12 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 13 haꜜ.ɕi haꜜ.ɕi NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 17 chopsticks chopstick NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 21 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 22 ha.ɕiꜜ ha.ɕiꜜ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 26 bridge bridge NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 30 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 31 spelled spell VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 32 はし はし NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 34 hashi hashi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 37 hiragana hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 145 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 146 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 146 2 stresses stress NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 146 3 differentiate differentiate VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 146 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 146 5 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 146 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 2 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 4 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 5 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 8 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 9 grammar grammar VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 10 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 11 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 12 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 14 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 16 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 18 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 19 reading reading NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 21 external external JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 22 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 24 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 25 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 26 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 27 remain remain VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 28 unclear unclear JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 29 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 30 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 31 lacks lack VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 32 inline inline JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 33 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 147 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 148 1 Please please UH en-wikipedia-org-8079 148 2 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 148 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 148 4 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 148 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 148 6 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 148 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 148 8 introducing introduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 148 9 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-8079 148 10 precise precise JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 148 11 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 148 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 3 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 6 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 7 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 9 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 11 remove remove VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 13 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 14 message message NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 16 Sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 17 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 18 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 19 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 20 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 22 classified classify VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 24 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 25 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 26 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 27 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 28 verb verb FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 149 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 1 Unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 2 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 3 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 5 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 6 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 9 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 10 strict strict JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 11 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 13 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 14 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 18 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 19 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 21 placed place VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 22 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 24 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 27 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 29 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 30 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 32 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 34 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 35 particles particle NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 150 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 151 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 151 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 151 3 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 151 4 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 151 5 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 151 6 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 151 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 151 8 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 151 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 151 10 particles particle NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 151 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 151 12 identify identify VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 151 13 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 151 14 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 151 15 functions function NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 151 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 152 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 152 2 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 152 3 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 152 4 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 152 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 152 6 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 152 7 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 152 8 comment comment NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 152 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 153 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 153 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 153 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 153 4 Kochira Kochira NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 153 5 wa wa NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 153 6 Tanaka Tanaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 153 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 153 8 san san NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 153 9 desu desu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 153 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 153 11 こちらは田中さんです こちらは田中さんです NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 153 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 153 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 154 1 kochira kochira NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 154 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 154 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 154 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 154 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 154 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 154 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 154 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 154 9 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 154 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 154 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 154 12 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 154 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 154 14 indicated indicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 154 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 154 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 154 17 particle particle NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 154 18 wa wa NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 154 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 2 verb verb FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 3 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 4 aru aru NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 6 desu desu JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 9 contraction contraction NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 11 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 12 polite polite JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 13 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 14 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 15 arimasu arimasu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 19 copula copula NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 21 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 22 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 26 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 30 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 34 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 35 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 36 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 37 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 38 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 39 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 40 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 41 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 42 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 43 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 44 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 45 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 46 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 50 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 51 technically technically RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 52 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 53 holds hold VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 54 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 55 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 56 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 57 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 58 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 59 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 60 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 61 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 62 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 63 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 64 politeness politeness NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 65 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 155 66 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 156 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 156 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 156 3 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 156 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 156 5 Tanaka Tanaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 156 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 156 7 san san NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 156 8 desu desu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 156 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 156 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 156 11 comment comment NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 156 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 157 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 157 2 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 157 3 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 157 4 translates translate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 157 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 157 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 157 7 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 157 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 157 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 157 10 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 157 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 157 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 157 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 157 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 157 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 157 16 Mr./Ms mr./ms ADD en-wikipedia-org-8079 157 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 158 1 Tanaka Tanaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 158 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 158 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 2 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 4 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 5 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 7 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 8 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 11 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 12 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 14 topic topic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 16 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 17 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 20 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 22 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 24 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 25 tendency tendency NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 27 indicate indicate VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 29 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 30 separately separately RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 33 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 36 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 38 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 39 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 40 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 41 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 42 coincide coincide VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 159 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 2 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 3 Zō Zō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 4 wa wa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 5 hana hana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 6 ga ga NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 7 nagai nagai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 9 象は鼻が長い 象は鼻が長い NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 11 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 12 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 15 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 17 elephant(s elephant(s NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 23 nose(s nose(s NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 27 / / , en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 28 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 30 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 160 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 161 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 161 2 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 161 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 161 4 zō zō JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 161 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 161 6 elephant elephant NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 161 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 161 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 161 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 161 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 161 11 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 161 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 161 13 hana hana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 161 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 161 15 nose nose NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 161 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 161 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 2 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 5 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 7 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 10 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 11 need nee MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 14 stated state VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 15 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 18 obvious obvious JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 20 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 162 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 3 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 6 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 7 permissiveness permissiveness NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 9 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 12 tendency tendency NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 14 gravitate gravitate VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 15 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 16 brevity brevity NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 18 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 19 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 20 tend tend VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 22 omit omit VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 23 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 24 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 26 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 27 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 28 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 29 inferred infer VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 32 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 33 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 36 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 37 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 38 understood understand VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 163 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 3 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 6 above above JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 7 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 9 hana hana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 11 ga ga NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 12 nagai nagai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 13 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 14 mean mean VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 16 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 19 noses nose NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 21 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 24 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 25 nagai nagai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 27 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 28 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 29 mean mean VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 31 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 32 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 33 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 34 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 35 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 164 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 165 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 165 2 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 165 3 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 165 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 165 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 165 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 165 7 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 165 8 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 165 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 165 10 Yatta Yatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 165 11 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-8079 166 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 166 2 やった やった NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 166 3 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-8079 166 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 167 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 167 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 167 3 I i NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 167 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 167 5 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 167 6 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 167 7 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 167 8 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 167 9 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 167 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 167 11 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 167 12 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 167 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 167 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 167 15 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-8079 167 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 167 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 4 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 5 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 7 form form VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 9 predicate predicate NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 12 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 13 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 15 below below RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 19 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 20 adjective adjective NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 21 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 24 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 25 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 26 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 27 Urayamashii Urayamashii NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 168 28 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-8079 169 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 169 2 羨ましい 羨ましい NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 169 3 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-8079 169 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 170 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 170 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 170 3 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 170 4 'm be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 170 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 170 6 jealous jealous JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 170 7 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 170 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 170 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 170 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 170 11 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-8079 170 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 170 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 4 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 5 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 6 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 9 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 10 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 12 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 14 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 17 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 18 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 19 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 21 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 23 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 24 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 26 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 27 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 30 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 31 differently differently RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 171 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 3 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 4 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 5 relies rely VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 7 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 8 verb verb JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 9 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 11 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 12 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 14 indicate indicate VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 16 direction direction NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 18 benefit benefit NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 21 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 24 down down RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 27 indicate indicate VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 29 out out JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 31 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 32 gives give VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 34 benefit benefit NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 37 in in NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 39 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 40 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 43 up up RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 44 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 45 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 46 indicate indicate VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 49 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 50 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 51 gives give VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 52 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 53 benefit benefit NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 54 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 56 out out NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 57 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 58 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 172 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 1 Here here RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 6 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 7 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 9 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 12 out out NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 14 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 15 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 20 boundary boundary JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 21 depends depend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 23 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 173 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 4 oshiete oshiete NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 5 moratta moratta NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 7 教えてもらった 教えてもらった NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 10 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 13 explained explain VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 17 benefit benefit NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 20 out out NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 22 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 27 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 29 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 31 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 32 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 33 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 34 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 35 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 36 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 37 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 38 explained explain VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 39 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 40 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 41 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 43 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 44 me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 45 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 46 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 47 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 48 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 174 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 1 Similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 3 oshiete oshiete JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 4 ageta ageta NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 6 教えてあげた 教えてあげた NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 9 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 12 explained explain VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 16 benefit benefit NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 19 in in NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 21 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 24 out out NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 26 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 28 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 30 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 31 I i NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 32 / / NFP en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 33 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 34 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 35 explained explain VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 36 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 37 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 38 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 40 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 41 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 42 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 43 her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 44 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 45 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 46 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 175 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 1 Such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 2 beneficiary beneficiary NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 3 auxiliary auxiliary JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 4 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 5 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 6 serve serve VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 8 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 9 comparable comparable JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 11 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 13 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 15 prepositions preposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 17 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 19 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 20 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 22 indicate indicate VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 24 actor actor NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 27 recipient recipient NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 29 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 30 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 176 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 1 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 3 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 6 function function VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 7 differently differently RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 9 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 10 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 11 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 13 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 14 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 17 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 18 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 19 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 23 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 24 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 25 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 26 modifiers modifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 28 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 29 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 30 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 31 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 177 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 178 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 178 2 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 178 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 178 4 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 178 5 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 178 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 178 7 say say VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 178 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 178 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 178 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 178 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 178 12 amazed amazed JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 178 13 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 178 14 ran run VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 178 15 down down IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 178 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 178 17 street street NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 178 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 2 grammatically grammatically RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 3 incorrect incorrect JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 4 insertion insertion NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 7 pronoun pronoun NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 9 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 10 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 11 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 12 grammatically grammatically RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 13 say say VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 14 essentially essentially RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 16 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 17 thing thing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 19 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 21 驚いた彼は道を走っていった 驚いた彼は道を走っていった NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 22 。 。 . en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 23 Odoroita Odoroita NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 24 kare kare NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 25 wa wa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 26 michi michi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 27 o o NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 28 hashitte hashitte NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 29 itta itta NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 179 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 2 grammatically grammatically RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 3 correct correct JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 5 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 7 partly partly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 8 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 9 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 10 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 11 evolved evolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 13 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 14 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 16 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 18 kimi kimi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 20 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 23 君 君 FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 25 lord lord NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 29 anata anata NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 31 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 34 あなた あなた NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 35 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 36 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 37 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 39 yonder yonder NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 40 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 44 boku boku VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 45 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 46 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 49 僕 僕 NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 50 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 51 servant servant NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 52 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 180 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 3 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 4 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 5 linguists linguist NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 6 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 8 classify classify VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 9 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 11 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 14 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 17 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 19 referential referential JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 20 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 22 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 23 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 24 Spanish spanish JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 25 usted usted JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 27 contracted contract VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 29 vuestra vuestra NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 30 merced merced NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 32 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 33 your -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 34 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 36 flattering flattering JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 37 majestic majestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 39 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 40 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 41 grace grace NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 44 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 45 Portuguese portuguese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 46 o o NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 47 senhor senhor NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 181 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 1 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 2 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 3 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 5 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 6 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 7 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 9 situations situation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 10 requiring require VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 11 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 12 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 15 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 17 doing do VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 18 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 20 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-8079 182 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 2 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 4 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 5 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 7 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 9 correlated correlate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 12 sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 15 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 18 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 19 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 22 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 23 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 24 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 26 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 28 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 29 alike alike RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 32 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 33 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 34 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 35 refer refer VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 37 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 39 watashi watashi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 41 私 私 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 43 private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 44 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 46 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 47 watakushi watakushi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 49 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 50 私 私 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 51 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 53 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 54 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 56 rougher rougher NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 57 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 58 intimate intimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 59 conversation conversation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 60 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 61 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 62 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 63 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 64 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 65 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 67 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 68 ore ore NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 69 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 70 俺 俺 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 71 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 72 oneself oneself PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 73 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 74 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 75 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 76 myself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 77 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 78 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 79 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 80 boku boku NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 183 81 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 1 Similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 3 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 4 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 7 anata anata NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 9 kimi kimi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 12 omae omae NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 14 お前 お前 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 16 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 17 formally formally RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 18 御前 御前 FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 21 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 22 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 23 me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 26 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 27 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 30 listener listener NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 31 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 32 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 34 listener listener NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 35 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 36 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 37 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 38 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 41 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 43 familiarity familiarity NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 44 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 46 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 49 listener listener NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 184 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 2 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 4 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 5 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 6 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 9 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 10 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 11 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 12 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 13 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 15 intimate intimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 17 respectful respectful JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 20 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 22 distant distant JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 24 disrespectful disrespectful JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 26 connotations connotation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 185 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 186 1 Japanese Japanese NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 186 2 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 186 3 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 186 4 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 186 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 186 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 186 7 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 186 8 referred refer VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 186 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 186 10 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 186 11 pronouns pronoun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 186 12 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 186 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 186 14 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 186 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 186 16 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 186 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 4 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 5 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 7 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 9 teacher teacher NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 13 appropriate appropriate JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 15 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 16 sensei sensei NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 18 先生 先生 NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 20 teacher teacher NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 24 inappropriate inappropriate JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 26 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 27 anata anata NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 187 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 3 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 4 anata anata NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 6 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 8 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 10 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 12 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 14 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 15 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 18 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 20 teacher teacher NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 21 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 22 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 23 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 188 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 189 1 Inflection inflection NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 189 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 189 3 conjugation conjugation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 189 4 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 189 5 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 189 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 189 7 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 189 8 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 189 9 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 189 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 189 11 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 189 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 189 13 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 189 14 aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 189 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 2 noun noun NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 3 hon hon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 5 本 本 NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 8 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 11 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 12 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 14 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 15 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 17 hito hito NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 19 人 人 NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 21 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 22 mean mean VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 24 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 28 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 32 ki ki NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 34 木 木 NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 36 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 37 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 38 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 39 tree tree NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 40 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 41 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 43 trees tree NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 44 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 190 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 1 Where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 2 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 4 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 9 indicated indicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 11 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 13 quantity quantity NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 15 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 18 counter counter JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 19 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 23 rarely rarely RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 26 adding add VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 28 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 30 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 31 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 32 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 33 duplication duplication NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 191 35 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 192 1 人人 人人 UH en-wikipedia-org-8079 192 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 192 3 hitobito hitobito NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 192 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 192 5 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 192 6 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 192 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 192 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 192 9 iteration iteration NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 192 10 mark mark NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 192 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 192 12 人々 人々 JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 192 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 192 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 193 1 Words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 193 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 193 3 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 193 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 193 5 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 193 6 understood understand VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 193 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 193 8 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 193 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 194 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 194 2 Tanaka Tanaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 194 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 194 4 san san NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 194 5 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 194 6 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 194 7 Mr./Ms mr./ms ADD en-wikipedia-org-8079 194 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 195 1 Tanaka Tanaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 195 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 1 Words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 2 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 3 refer refer VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 5 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 7 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 10 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 12 indicate indicate VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 14 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 16 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 17 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 19 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 22 collective collective JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 23 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 26 noun noun JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 27 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 28 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 29 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 31 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 34 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 36 -tachi -tachi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 38 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 39 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 40 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 41 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 43 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 44 plural plural NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 45 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 47 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 48 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 49 closer close JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 50 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 52 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 53 phrase phrase NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 54 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 56 company company NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 57 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 196 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 197 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 197 2 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 197 3 described describe VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 197 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 197 5 Tanaka Tanaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 197 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 197 7 san san NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 197 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 197 9 tachi tachi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 197 10 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 197 11 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 197 12 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 197 13 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 197 14 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 197 15 Tanaka Tanaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 197 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 2 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 3 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 5 effectively effectively RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 6 plural plural JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 10 hitobito hitobito NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 12 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 15 wareware wareware NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 17 we we NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 18 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 19 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 22 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 24 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 25 tomodachi tomodachi NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 27 friend friend NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 30 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 31 singular singular JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 33 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 34 plural plural NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 36 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 198 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 1 Verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 3 conjugated conjugate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 5 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 6 tenses tense NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 9 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 10 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 12 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 14 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 16 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 19 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 20 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 21 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 25 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 28 present present NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 31 future future NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 199 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 2 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 3 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 4 represent represent VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 6 ongoing ongoing JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 7 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 10 -te -te HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 11 iru iru NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 12 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 13 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 15 continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 18 progressive progressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 20 aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 22 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 25 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 26 ing ing NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 28 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 200 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 201 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 201 2 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 201 3 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 201 4 represent represent VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 201 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 201 6 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 201 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 201 8 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 201 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 201 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 201 11 -te -te HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 201 12 iru iru NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 201 13 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 201 14 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 201 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 201 16 perfect perfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 201 17 aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 201 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 4 kite kite NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 5 iru iru NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 6 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 8 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 10 come come VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 14 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 15 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 20 tabete tabete NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 21 iru iru NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 22 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 24 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 26 eating eat VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 202 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 1 Questions question NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 3 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 6 interrogative interrogative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 7 pronoun pronoun NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 9 yes yes UH en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 10 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 11 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 12 questions question NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 14 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 16 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 17 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 19 affirmative affirmative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 20 sentences sentence NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 22 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 24 intonation intonation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 25 rising rise VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 26 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 28 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 203 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 204 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 204 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 204 3 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 204 4 register register NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 204 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 204 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 204 7 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 204 8 particle particle NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 204 9 -ka -ka : en-wikipedia-org-8079 204 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 204 11 added add VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 204 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 4 ii ii NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 5 desu desu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 7 いいです いいです NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 10 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 12 OK ok JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 14 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 15 ii ii NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 16 desu desu JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 18 ka ka FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 20 いいですか いいですか NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 21 。 。 . en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 24 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 25 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 26 OK ok JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 27 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 205 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 3 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 4 informal informal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 5 tone tone NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 6 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 8 particle particle NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 9 -no -no : en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 11 の の NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 14 added add VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 15 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 17 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 19 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 20 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 23 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 24 : : . en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 25 Dōshite Dōshite NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 26 konai konai NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 27 - - , en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 28 no no UH en-wikipedia-org-8079 206 29 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 207 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 207 2 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 207 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 207 4 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 207 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 207 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 207 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 207 8 coming come VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 207 9 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 207 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 207 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 2 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 3 queries query NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 5 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 6 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 8 mentioning mention VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 10 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 13 interrogative interrogative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 14 intonation intonation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 16 call call VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 19 hearer hearer NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 20 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 21 attention attention NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 23 Kore kore VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 24 wa wa PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 208 25 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 209 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 209 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 209 3 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-8079 209 4 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 209 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 209 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 209 7 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 210 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 210 2 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 210 3 O o NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 210 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 210 5 namae namae VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 210 6 wa wa NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 210 7 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 211 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 211 2 お名前は お名前は NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 211 3 ? ? NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 211 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 211 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 211 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 211 7 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-8079 211 8 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 211 9 your -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 211 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 211 11 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 211 12 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 211 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 211 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 212 1 Negatives negative NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 212 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 212 3 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 212 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 212 5 inflecting inflect VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 212 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 212 7 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 212 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 4 Pan Pan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 5 o o NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 6 taberu taberu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 8 パンを食べる パンを食べる NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 9 。 。 . en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 12 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 13 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 14 eat eat VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 15 bread bread NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 19 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 20 eat eat VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 21 bread bread NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 23 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 24 Pan Pan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 25 o o NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 26 tabenai tabenai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 28 パンを食べない パンを食べない NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 29 。 。 . en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 32 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 33 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 34 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 35 eat eat VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 36 bread bread NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 38 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 39 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 40 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 41 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 42 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 43 eat eat VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 44 bread bread NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 45 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 213 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 214 1 Plain plain JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 214 2 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 214 3 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 214 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 214 5 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 214 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 214 7 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 214 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 214 9 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 214 10 below below RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 214 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 214 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 214 13 inflect inflect VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 214 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 214 15 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 214 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 214 17 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 215 1 Pan Pan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 215 2 o o NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 215 3 tabenakatta tabenakatta NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 215 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 215 5 パンを食べなかった パンを食べなかった NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 215 6 。 。 . en-wikipedia-org-8079 215 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 215 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 215 9 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 215 10 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 215 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 215 12 eat eat VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 215 13 bread bread NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 215 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 215 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 2 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 4 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 5 -te -te `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 6 verb verb JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 7 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 9 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 12 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 14 purposes purpose NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 16 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 17 progressive progressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 19 perfect perfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 20 aspect aspect NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 22 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 23 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 25 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 26 combining combine VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 27 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 30 temporal temporal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 31 sequence sequence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 33 Asagohan Asagohan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 34 o o XX en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 35 tabete tabete NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 36 sugu sugu NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 37 dekakeru dekakeru NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 38 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 39 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 40 'll will MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 41 eat eat VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 42 breakfast breakfast NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 44 leave leave VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 45 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 46 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 50 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 51 commands command NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 53 conditional conditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 54 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 56 permissions permission NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 58 Dekakete Dekakete NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 59 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 60 mo mo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 61 ii ii NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 216 62 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 217 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 217 2 May May MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 217 3 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 217 4 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 217 5 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-8079 217 6 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 218 1 ") ") `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 218 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 218 3 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 218 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 219 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 219 2 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 219 3 da da NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 219 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 219 5 plain plain NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 219 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 219 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 219 8 desu desu JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 219 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 219 10 polite polite JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 219 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 219 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 219 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 219 14 copula copula NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 219 15 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 219 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 2 corresponds correspond VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 3 approximately approximately RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 9 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 10 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 11 takes take VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 12 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 13 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 14 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 16 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 18 marker marker NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 20 tense tense JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 22 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 24 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 26 conjugated conjugate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 27 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 28 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 29 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 30 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 31 datta datta NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 33 plain plain NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 36 deshita deshita NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 38 polite polite NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 220 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 221 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 221 2 comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 221 3 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 221 4 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 221 5 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 221 6 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 221 7 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 221 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 221 9 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 221 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 221 11 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 221 12 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 221 13 carry carry VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 221 14 tense tense JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 221 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 221 16 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 221 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 1 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 2 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 3 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 4 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 6 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 8 indicate indicate VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 9 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 12 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 19 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 20 contexts contexts NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 22 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 24 aru aru NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 26 negative negative NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 27 nai nai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 30 iru iru NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 32 negative negative NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 33 inai inai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 36 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 37 inanimate inanimate VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 39 animate animate VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 40 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 42 respectively respectively RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 222 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 4 Neko Neko NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 5 ga ga NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 6 iru iru FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 8 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 9 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 11 cat cat NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 14 Ii Ii NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 15 kangae kangae NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 17 ga ga NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 18 nai nai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 20 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 21 I i NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 23 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 24 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 25 got get VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 27 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 28 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 223 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 2 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 5 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 8 suru suru NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 10 polite polite JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 11 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 12 shimasu shimasu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 15 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 16 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 18 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 19 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 21 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 23 ryōri ryōri NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 24 suru suru NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 27 cook cook VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 30 benkyō benkyō VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 31 suru suru NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 32 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 34 study study VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 35 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 37 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 224 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 225 1 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 225 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 225 3 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 225 4 productive productive JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 225 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 225 6 creating create VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 225 7 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 225 8 slang slang NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 225 9 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 225 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 1 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 5 huge huge JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 6 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 8 compound compound NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 9 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 11 express express VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 12 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 15 described describe VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 17 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 18 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 20 verb verb NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 23 adverbial adverbial JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 24 particle particle NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 226 26 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 1 tobidasu tobidasu VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 4 fly fly VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 5 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 8 flee flee VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 12 tobu tobu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 15 fly fly VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 18 jump jump VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 20 + + CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 21 dasu dasu NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 24 put put VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 25 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 28 emit emit VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 227 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 3 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 4 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 6 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 8 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 9 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 10 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 13 形容詞 形容詞 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 14 keiyōshi keiyōshi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 17 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 18 adjectives adjective VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 21 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 23 conjugating conjugating NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 24 ending end VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 25 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 27 い い NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 30 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 32 暑い 暑い NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 33 atsui atsui NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 36 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 37 hot hot JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 40 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 41 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 42 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 43 past past IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 45 暑かった 暑かった NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 46 atsukatta atsukatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 48 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 49 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 50 hot hot JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 51 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 52 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 54 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 55 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 56 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 57 暑くない 暑くない NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 58 atsuku atsuku NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 59 nai nai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 60 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 61 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 62 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 63 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 64 hot hot JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 65 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 66 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 228 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 1 Note note VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 2 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 3 nai nai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 7 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 8 adjective adjective NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 11 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 12 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 13 past past IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 15 暑くなかった 暑くなかった NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 16 atsuku atsuku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 17 nakatta nakatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 22 hot hot JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 229 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 230 1 暑い日 暑い日 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 230 2 atsui atsui NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 230 3 hi hi UH en-wikipedia-org-8079 230 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 230 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 230 6 hot hot JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 230 7 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 230 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 230 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 1 形容動詞 形容動詞 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 2 keiyōdōshi keiyōdōshi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 5 na na IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 6 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 10 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 13 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 16 copula copula NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 18 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 19 na na RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 231 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 232 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 232 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 232 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 232 4 hen hen NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 232 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 232 6 strange strange JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 232 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 232 8 変なひと 変なひと NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 232 9 hen hen NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 232 10 na na NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 232 11 hito hito NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 232 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 232 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 232 14 strange strange JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 232 15 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 232 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 232 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 1 連体詞 連体詞 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 2 rentaishi rentaishi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 5 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 6 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 7 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 9 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 11 ano ano NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 15 あの山 あの山 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 16 ano ano NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 17 yama yama NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 19 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 20 mountain mountain NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 233 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 234 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 234 2 keiyōshi keiyōshi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 234 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 234 4 keiyōdōshi keiyōdōshi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 234 5 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 234 6 predicate predicate VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 234 7 sentences sentence NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 234 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 235 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 235 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 235 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 235 4 ご飯が熱い ご飯が熱い NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 235 5 。 。 . en-wikipedia-org-8079 235 6 Gohan Gohan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 235 7 ga ga NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 235 8 atsui atsui NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 235 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 236 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 236 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 236 3 rice rice NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 236 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 236 5 hot hot JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 236 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 236 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 237 1 彼は変だ 彼は変だ NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 237 2 。 。 NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 237 3 Kare Kare NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 237 4 wa wa NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 237 5 hen hen NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 237 6 da da NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 237 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 238 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 238 2 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 238 3 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 238 4 strange strange JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 238 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 238 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 239 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 239 2 inflect inflect NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 239 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 239 4 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 239 5 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 239 6 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 239 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 239 8 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 239 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 239 10 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 239 11 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 239 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 239 13 conjugation conjugation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 239 14 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 239 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 239 16 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 239 17 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 239 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 2 rentaishi rentaishi NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 4 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 5 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 7 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 9 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 12 unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 14 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 15 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 18 limited limit VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 20 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 21 modifying modify VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 22 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 240 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 241 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 241 2 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 241 3 predicate predicate VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 241 4 sentences sentence NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 241 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 1 Examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 2 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 3 ookina ookina JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 5 big big JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 8 kono kono NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 13 iwayuru iwayuru NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 15 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 17 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 20 taishita taishita NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 22 amazing amazing JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 242 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 2 keiyōdōshi keiyōdōshi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 4 keiyōshi keiyōshi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 5 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 6 adverbs adverb NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 9 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 11 ni ni NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 14 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 16 keiyōdōshi keiyōdōshi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 18 変になる 変になる NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 19 hen hen NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 20 ni ni NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 21 naru naru NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 23 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 24 strange strange JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 29 changing change VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 30 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 32 ku ku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 35 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 37 keiyōshi keiyōshi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 38 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 39 熱くなる 熱くなる NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 40 atsuku atsuku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 41 naru naru NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 43 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 44 hot hot JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 45 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 243 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 244 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 244 2 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 244 3 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 244 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 244 5 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 244 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 244 7 indicated indicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 244 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 244 9 postpositions postposition NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 244 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 244 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 244 12 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 244 13 particles particle NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 244 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 245 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 245 2 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 245 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 245 4 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 245 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 245 6 が が NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 245 7 ga ga NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 245 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 245 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 245 10 nominative nominative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 245 11 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 245 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 246 1 彼がやった。Kare 彼がやった。Kare : en-wikipedia-org-8079 246 2 ga ga NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 246 3 yatta yatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 246 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 247 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 247 2 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 247 3 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 247 4 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 247 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 247 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 248 1 に に NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 248 2 ni ni NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 248 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 248 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 248 5 dative dative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 248 6 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 248 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 249 1 田中さんにあげて下さい 田中さんにあげて下さい NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 249 2 。 。 JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 249 3 Tanaka Tanaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 249 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 249 5 san san NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 249 6 ni ni NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 249 7 agete agete NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 249 8 kudasai kudasai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 249 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 249 10 Please please UH en-wikipedia-org-8079 249 11 give give VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 249 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 249 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 249 14 Mr. Mr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 250 1 Tanaka Tanaka NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 250 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 250 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 251 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 251 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 251 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 251 4 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 251 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 251 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 251 7 lative lative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 251 8 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 251 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 251 10 indicating indicate VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 251 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 251 12 motion motion NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 251 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 251 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 251 15 location location NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 251 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 252 1 日本に行きたい 日本に行きたい NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 252 2 。 。 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 252 3 Nihon Nihon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 252 4 ni ni NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 252 5 ikitai ikitai JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 252 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 252 7 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 252 8 want want VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 252 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 252 10 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 252 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 252 12 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 252 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 252 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 253 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 253 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 253 3 へ へ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 253 4 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 253 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 253 6 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-8079 253 7 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 253 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 253 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 253 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 253 11 lative lative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 253 12 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 253 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 254 1 パーティーへ行かないか パーティーへ行かないか NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 254 2 。 。 . en-wikipedia-org-8079 254 3 pātī pātī NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 254 4 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 254 5 ikanai ikanai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 254 6 ka ka IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 254 7 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 255 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 255 2 Wo will MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 255 3 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 255 4 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 255 5 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 255 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 255 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 255 8 party party NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 255 9 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 255 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 256 1 の の LS en-wikipedia-org-8079 256 2 no no UH en-wikipedia-org-8079 256 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 256 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 256 5 genitive genitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 256 6 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 256 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 256 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 256 9 nominalizing nominalizing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 256 10 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 256 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 1 私のカメラ 私のカメラ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 2 。 。 . en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 3 watashi watashi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 4 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 5 kamera kamera NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 7 my -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 8 camera camera NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 10 スキーに行くのが好きです スキーに行くのが好きです NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 11 。 。 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 12 Sukī Sukī NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 14 ni ni NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 15 iku iku NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 16 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 17 ga ga NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 18 suki suki NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 19 desu desu JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 22 I i NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 24 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 25 going go VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 26 skiing skiing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 257 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 258 1 を を LS en-wikipedia-org-8079 258 2 o o NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 258 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 258 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 258 5 accusative accusative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 258 6 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 258 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 259 1 何を食べますか 何を食べますか NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 259 2 。 。 . en-wikipedia-org-8079 259 3 Nani Nani NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 259 4 o o UH en-wikipedia-org-8079 259 5 tabemasu tabemasu NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 259 6 ka ka IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 259 7 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 260 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 260 2 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-8079 260 3 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 260 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 260 5 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 260 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 260 7 eat eat VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 260 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 260 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 261 1 は は UH en-wikipedia-org-8079 261 2 wa wa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 261 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 261 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 261 5 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 261 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 3 co co VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 4 - - VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 5 exist exist VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 8 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 9 markers marker NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 10 listed list VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 11 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 15 overrides override VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 16 ga ga NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 20 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 21 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 262 23 o. o. XX en-wikipedia-org-8079 263 1 私は寿司がいいです 私は寿司がいいです NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 263 2 。 。 . en-wikipedia-org-8079 263 3 Watashi Watashi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 263 4 wa wa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 263 5 sushi sushi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 263 6 ga ga NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 263 7 ii ii NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 263 8 desu desu JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 263 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 264 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 264 2 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 264 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 264 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 264 5 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 264 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 264 7 me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 264 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 264 9 sushi sushi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 264 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 264 11 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 264 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 264 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 265 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 265 2 nominative nominative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 265 3 marker marker NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 265 4 ga ga XX en-wikipedia-org-8079 265 5 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 265 6 watashi watashi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 265 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 265 8 hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 265 9 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 265 10 wa wa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 265 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 1 Note note VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 4 subtle subtle JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 5 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 7 wa wa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 9 ga ga NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 11 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 12 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 13 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 15 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 18 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 19 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 21 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 23 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 25 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 26 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 27 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 28 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 30 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 32 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 33 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 34 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 266 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 2 wa wa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 3 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 5 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 9 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 12 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 13 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 15 acts act VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 16 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 19 carries carry VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 21 implication implication NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 24 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 25 indicated indicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 27 wa wa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 29 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 30 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 33 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 34 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 35 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 38 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 39 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 267 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 268 1 Ikeda Ikeda NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 268 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 268 3 san san NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 268 4 wa wa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 268 5 yonjū yonjū NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 268 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 268 7 ni ni NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 268 8 sai sai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 268 9 da da NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 268 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 269 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 269 2 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 269 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 269 4 Mr. Mr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 269 5 Ikeda Ikeda NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 269 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 269 7 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 269 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 269 9 forty forty CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 269 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 269 11 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 269 12 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 269 13 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 269 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 269 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 270 1 Others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 270 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 270 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 270 4 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 270 5 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 270 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 270 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 270 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 270 9 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 270 10 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 270 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 271 1 Absence absence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 271 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 271 3 wa wa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 271 4 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 271 5 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 271 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 271 7 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 271 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 271 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 271 10 focus focus NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 271 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 271 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 271 13 sentence sentence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 271 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 272 1 Ikeda Ikeda NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 272 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 272 3 san san NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 272 4 ga ga NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 272 5 yonjū yonjū NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 272 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 272 7 ni ni NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 272 8 sai sai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 272 9 da da NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 272 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 273 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 273 2 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 273 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 273 4 Mr. Mr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 273 5 Ikeda Ikeda NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 273 6 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-8079 273 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 273 8 forty forty CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 273 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 273 10 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 273 11 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 273 12 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 273 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 273 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 4 reply reply NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 7 implicit implicit JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 9 explicit explicit JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 10 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 12 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 15 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 17 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 18 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 20 forty forty CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 22 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 23 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 24 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 25 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 274 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 1 Politeness Politeness NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 2 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 3 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 5 Honorific honorific JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 6 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 8 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 9 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 12 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 13 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 14 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 16 express express VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 17 politeness politeness NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 19 formality formality NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 275 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 276 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 276 2 reflects reflect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 276 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 276 4 hierarchical hierarchical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 276 5 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 276 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 276 7 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 276 8 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 276 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 277 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 277 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 277 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 277 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 277 5 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 277 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 277 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 277 8 express express VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 277 9 differing differing JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 277 10 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 277 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 277 12 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 277 13 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 277 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 2 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 4 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 5 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 7 determined determine VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 10 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 12 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 13 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 14 job job NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 16 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 18 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 21 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 22 psychological psychological JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 23 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 25 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 28 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 29 asking ask VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 31 favour favour NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 32 tends tend VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 34 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 35 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 36 politely politely RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 278 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 2 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 5 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 6 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 8 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 10 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 12 polite polite JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 13 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 15 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 17 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 19 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 20 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 21 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 22 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 24 plainer plainer NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 25 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 279 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 280 1 Strangers stranger NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 280 2 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 280 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 280 4 speak speak VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 280 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 280 6 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 280 7 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 280 8 politely politely RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 280 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 1 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 2 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 3 rarely rarely RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 4 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 5 polite polite JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 6 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 7 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 8 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 10 teens teen NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 14 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 15 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 17 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 19 begin begin VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 20 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 23 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 24 adult adult NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 25 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 281 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 282 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 282 2 uchi uchi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 282 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 282 4 soto soto NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 282 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 1 Whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 2 teineigo teineigo NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 4 丁寧語 丁寧語 NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 7 polite polite JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 11 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 13 inflectional inflectional JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 14 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 16 sonkeigo sonkeigo NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 18 尊敬語 尊敬語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 21 respectful respectful JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 22 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 25 kenjōgo kenjōgo NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 27 謙譲語 謙譲語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 30 humble humble JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 31 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 33 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 34 employ employ VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 35 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 36 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 37 honorific honorific NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 39 humble humble JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 40 alternate alternate JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 41 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 42 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 43 iku iku VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 44 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 45 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 46 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 47 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 48 ikimasu ikimasu JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 50 polite polite JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 51 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 53 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 54 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 55 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 56 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 57 irassharu irassharu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 58 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 59 honorific honorific NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 60 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 61 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 62 ukagau ukagau NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 63 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 64 mairu mairu NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 65 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 66 humble humble JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 67 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 283 68 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 284 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 284 2 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 284 3 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 284 4 honorific honorific JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 284 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 284 6 humble humble JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 284 7 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 284 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 284 9 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 284 10 pronounced pronounce VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 284 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 284 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 284 13 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 284 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 284 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 1 Humble humble JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 2 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 4 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 6 talk talk VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 7 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 8 oneself oneself PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 10 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 12 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 13 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 15 company company NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 17 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 19 whilst whilst IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 20 honorific honorific JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 23 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 24 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 25 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 26 describing describe VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 28 interlocutor interlocutor NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 30 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 31 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 285 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 5 -san -san HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 6 suffix suffix NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 9 Mr Mr NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 12 Mrs. Mrs. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 16 Miss Miss NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 21 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 23 honorific honorific JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 24 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 286 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 4 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 6 talk talk VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 7 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 8 oneself oneself PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 10 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 11 talking talk VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 12 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 13 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 15 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 17 company company NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 20 external external JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 21 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 23 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 25 company company NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 28 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 29 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 32 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 287 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 2 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 3 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 5 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 7 superior superior JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 9 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 11 company company NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 13 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 14 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 16 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 17 employees employee NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 18 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 19 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 20 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 21 company company NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 22 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 24 superior superior JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 27 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 28 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 29 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 30 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 31 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 33 inflections inflection NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 36 honorific honorific NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 37 register register NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 39 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 43 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 44 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 45 superior superior NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 47 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 48 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 50 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 288 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 2 speaking speak VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 5 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 7 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 8 company company NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 10 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 13 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 16 out out JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 18 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 21 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 24 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 25 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 26 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 27 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 29 plain plain NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 30 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 32 humble humble JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 33 register register NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 35 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 38 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 40 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 42 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 43 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 46 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 47 superiors superior NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 289 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 2 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 5 register register NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 6 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 8 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 10 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 13 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 15 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 18 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 20 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 21 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 22 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 23 varies vary VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 24 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 25 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 27 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 29 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 32 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 34 out out NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 36 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 38 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 40 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 42 listener listener NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 44 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 45 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 46 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 47 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 48 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 50 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 51 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 54 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 56 listener listener NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 59 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 60 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 61 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 62 referents referent NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 290 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 2 nouns noun NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 5 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 9 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 10 polite polite JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 13 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 15 o- o- XX en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 17 go- go- XX en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 20 prefix prefix NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 291 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 1 o- o- XX en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 3 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 4 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 6 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 8 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 9 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 10 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 12 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 13 go- go- NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 15 affixed affix VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 17 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 19 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 20 derivation derivation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 292 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 3 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 6 prefix prefix NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 8 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 10 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 11 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 14 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 18 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 19 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 21 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 22 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 24 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 26 gohan gohan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 27 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 28 cooked cooked JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 29 rice rice NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 30 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 31 meal meal NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 293 33 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 294 1 Such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 294 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 294 3 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 294 4 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 294 5 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 294 6 deference deference NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 294 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 294 8 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 294 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 294 10 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 294 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 294 12 owner owner NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 294 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 294 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 294 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 294 16 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 294 17 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 294 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 5 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 6 tomodachi tomodachi NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 7 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 8 friend friend NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 10 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 11 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 12 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 13 o o NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 15 tomodachi tomodachi NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 16 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 17 referring refer VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 20 friend friend NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 22 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 24 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 25 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 27 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 28 mothers mother NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 29 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 30 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 31 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 32 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 34 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 36 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 37 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 38 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 39 friends friend NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 295 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 4 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 7 polite polite JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 8 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 9 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 10 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 11 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 13 mizu mizu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 14 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 15 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 16 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 18 o o NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 20 mizu mizu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 22 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 24 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 25 politeness politeness NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 296 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 297 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-8079 297 2 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 297 3 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 297 4 employ employ VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 297 5 politeness politeness NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 297 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 297 7 indicate indicate VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 297 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 297 9 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 297 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 297 11 familiarity familiarity NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 297 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 1 That that RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 2 is is RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 4 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 5 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 6 polite polite JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 7 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 9 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 10 acquaintances acquaintance NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 13 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 15 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 16 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 17 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 18 intimate intimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 21 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 22 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 23 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 24 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 298 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 299 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 299 2 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 299 3 regardless regardless RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 299 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 299 5 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 299 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 299 7 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 299 8 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 299 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 299 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 299 11 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 299 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 1 Vocabulary Vocabulary NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 2 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 3 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 5 Yamato Yamato NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 6 kotoba kotoba NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 8 Gairaigo Gairaigo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 9 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 11 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 12 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 13 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 15 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 18 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 19 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 22 yamato yamato NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 23 kotoba kotoba NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 25 大和言葉 大和言葉 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 28 wago wago NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 30 和語 和語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 33 kango kango NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 35 漢語 漢語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 39 gairaigo gairaigo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 40 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 41 外来語 外来語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 300 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 2 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 5 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 8 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 12 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 14 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 15 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 18 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 19 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 20 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 22 ancestral ancestral JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 25 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 26 portion portion NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 29 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 31 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 32 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 33 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 35 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 37 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 39 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 40 yamato yamato NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 41 kotoba kotoba NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 43 大和言葉 大和言葉 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 44 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 45 infrequently infrequently RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 46 大和詞 大和詞 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 301 48 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 2 Yamato yamato JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 3 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 9 scholarly scholarly NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 10 contexts contexts NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 12 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 13 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 16 wago wago NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 18 和語 和語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 20 rarely rarely RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 21 倭語 倭語 VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 302 23 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 303 1 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 303 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 303 3 Wa Wa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 303 4 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 303 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 303 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 303 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 4 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 7 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 10 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 12 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 13 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 14 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 16 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 18 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 21 either either RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 22 borrowed borrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 24 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 26 constructed construct VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 28 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 29 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 30 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 31 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 32 patterns pattern NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 304 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 2 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 4 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 6 kango kango NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 8 漢語 漢語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 11 entered enter VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 16 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 18 onwards onwards RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 19 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 20 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 22 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 23 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 305 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 4 Shinsen Shinsen NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 5 Kokugo Kokugo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 6 Jiten Jiten NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 8 新選国語辞典 新選国語辞典 NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 10 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 11 dictionary dictionary NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 13 kango kango NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 14 comprise comprise VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 15 49.1 49.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 16 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 19 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 20 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 22 wago wago NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 23 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 24 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 25 33.8 33.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 26 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 28 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 29 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 30 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 32 gairaigo gairaigo NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 34 外来語 外来語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 36 account account VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 37 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 38 8.8 8.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 39 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 43 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 44 8.3 8.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 45 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 46 constitute constitute NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 47 hybridized hybridize VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 48 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 49 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 50 konshugo konshugo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 51 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 52 混種語 混種語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 54 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 55 draw draw VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 56 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 57 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 58 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 59 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 60 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 61 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 306 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 2 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 8 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 9 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 11 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 13 mimetic mimetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 14 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 16 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 19 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 20 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 22 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 23 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 25 sound sound JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 26 symbolism symbolism NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 28 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 29 onomatopoeia onomatopoeia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 31 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 32 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 35 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 36 abstract abstract JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 37 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 307 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 308 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 308 2 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 308 3 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 308 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 308 5 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 308 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 308 7 come come VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 308 8 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 308 9 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 308 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 308 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 308 12 Ainu Ainu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 308 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 308 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 1 Tonakai Tonakai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 3 reindeer reindeer NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 6 rakko rakko NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 8 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 9 otter otter RBR en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 12 shishamo shishamo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 14 smelt smelt NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 17 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 19 fish fish NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 22 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 24 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 25 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 27 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 29 Ainu Ainu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 30 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 309 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 310 1 Words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 310 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 310 3 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 310 4 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 310 5 occupy occupy VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 310 6 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 310 7 registers register NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 310 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 310 9 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 310 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 1 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 2 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 4 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 5 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 7 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 9 kango kango NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 10 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 12 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 13 perceived perceive VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 15 somewhat somewhat RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 16 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 18 academic academic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 19 compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 21 equivalent equivalent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 22 Yamato Yamato NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 23 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 311 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 1 Indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 5 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 6 fair fair JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 8 say say VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 11 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 12 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 13 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 15 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 16 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 17 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 18 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 19 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 20 corresponds correspond VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 23 Sino sino JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 25 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 26 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 28 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 30 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 32 simpler simple JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 33 Anglo Anglo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 35 Saxon Saxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 36 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 37 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 38 best best RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 39 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 40 translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 41 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 43 Yamato Yamato NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 44 equivalent equivalent NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 312 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 1 Incorporating incorporate VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 2 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 4 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 5 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 7 gairaigo gairaigo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 9 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 11 borrowings borrowing NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 13 Portuguese Portuguese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 16 16th 16th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 19 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 21 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 23 Dutch Dutch NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 24 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 25 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 26 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 27 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 28 isolation isolation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 31 Edo Edo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 32 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 313 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 3 Meiji Meiji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 4 Restoration Restoration NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 7 reopening reopen VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 9 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 12 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 15 borrowing borrow VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 16 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 18 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 20 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 23 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 314 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 315 1 Today today NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 315 2 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-8079 315 3 borrowings borrowing NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 315 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 315 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 315 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 315 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 3 Meiji Meiji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 4 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 7 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 9 coined coin VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 10 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 11 neologisms neologism NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 12 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 13 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 14 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 16 morphology morphology NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 18 translate translate VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 19 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 20 concepts;[citation concepts;[citation NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 21 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 23 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 24 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 25 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 27 wasei wasei JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 28 kango kango NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 30 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 32 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 33 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 34 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 316 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 5 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 6 imported import VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 7 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 8 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 10 Korean korean JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 13 Vietnamese vietnamese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 14 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 16 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 19 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 20 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 22 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 23 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 24 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 317 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 5 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 6 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 8 seiji seiji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 10 政治 政治 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 13 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 18 kagaku kagaku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 20 化学 化学 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 23 chemistry chemistry NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 26 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 27 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 28 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 30 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 31 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 32 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 33 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 34 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 35 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 37 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 38 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 40 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 43 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 44 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 45 borrowed borrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 46 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 47 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 49 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 50 East east JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 51 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 52 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 318 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 3 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 5 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 7 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 9 Korean korean JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 12 Vietnamese vietnamese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 13 share share VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 15 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 16 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 17 corpus corpus NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 19 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 22 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 23 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 24 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 25 Greek- Greek- NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 27 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 29 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 30 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 31 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 32 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 33 inherited inherit VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 34 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 35 borrowed borrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 36 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 37 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 38 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 40 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 41 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 42 coinages coinage NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 43 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 44 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 45 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 46 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 47 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 48 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 49 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 50 shared share VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 51 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 52 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 53 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 54 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 55 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 56 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 57 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 58 compound compound NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 319 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 7 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 8 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 9 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 11 wasei wasei NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 13 eigo eigo NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 16 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 20 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 21 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 24 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 25 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 27 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 28 phenomenon phenomenon NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 320 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 1 Words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 2 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 4 wanpatān wanpatān NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 5 ワンパターン ワンパターン NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 7 < < XX en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 9 + + CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 10 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 17 rut rut NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 22 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 24 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 26 track track NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 27 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 31 sukinshippu sukinshippu NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 32 スキンシップ スキンシップ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 34 < < XX en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 35 skin skin NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 36 + + SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 37 -ship -ship NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 39 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 40 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 41 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 45 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 46 coined coin VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 47 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 48 compounding compound VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 49 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 50 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 52 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 53 nonsensical nonsensical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 54 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 55 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 56 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 57 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 58 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 59 contexts contexts NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 60 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 61 exceptions exception NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 62 exist exist VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 63 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 64 nearby nearby JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 65 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 66 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 67 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 68 Korean Korean NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 69 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 70 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 71 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 72 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 73 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 74 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 75 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 76 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 77 skinship skinship NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 78 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 79 rimokon rimokon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 80 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 81 remote remote JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 82 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 83 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 84 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 85 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 86 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 87 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 88 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 89 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 90 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 321 91 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 2 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 4 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 5 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 6 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 7 exports export NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 9 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 10 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 11 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 12 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 13 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 14 familiar familiar JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 16 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 18 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 19 futon futon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 21 haiku haiku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 23 judo judo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 25 kamikaze kamikaze NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 27 karaoke karaoke NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 29 karate karate NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 31 ninja ninja NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 33 origami origami NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 35 rickshaw rickshaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 37 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 38 人力車 人力車 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 39 jinrikisha jinrikisha NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 42 samurai samurai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 44 sayonara sayonara NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 46 Sudoku Sudoku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 48 sumo sumo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 50 sushi sushi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 52 tsunami tsunami NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 54 tycoon tycoon NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 322 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 323 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 323 2 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 323 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 323 4 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 323 5 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 323 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 323 7 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 323 8 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 323 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 323 10 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 323 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 1 Writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 2 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 3 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 4 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 6 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 7 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 8 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 10 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 11 braille braille FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 12 Calligraphy Calligraphy NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 13 Arabic Arabic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 14 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 15 Georgian georgian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 16 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 17 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 18 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 19 Korean korean JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 20 Mongolian mongolian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 21 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 22 Tibetan tibetan JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 23 Vietnamese vietnamese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 24 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 25 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 26 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 27 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 28 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 29 Literacy Literacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 31 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 33 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 36 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 39 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 40 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 41 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 43 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 44 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 46 Baekje Baekje NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 47 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 49 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 50 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 324 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 4 Using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 9 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 10 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 11 Bu Bu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 12 presented present VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 14 petition petition NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 16 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 17 Shun Shun NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 19 Liu Liu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 20 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 22 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 23 478 478 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 325 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 2 a a LS en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 4 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 6 ruin ruin NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 8 Baekje Baekje NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 10 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 11 invited invite VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 12 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 14 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 16 learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 17 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 20 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 21 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 22 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 326 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 1 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 2 emperors emperor NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 3 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 5 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 6 rank rank NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 8 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 9 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 11 続守言 続守言 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 12 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 13 薩弘格/[b][c 薩弘格/[b][c NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 15 袁晋卿[d 袁晋卿[d NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 19 spread spread VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 21 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 23 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 24 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 27 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 28 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 31 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 32 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 327 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 1 Table table NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 3 Kana Kana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 5 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 6 Youon Youon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 9 Hiragana Hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 10 top top NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 12 Katakana Katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 15 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 17 Romanized romanized JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 18 equivalents equivalent NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 21 bottom bottom NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 22 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 23 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 26 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 27 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 29 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 30 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 33 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 34 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 35 represented represent VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 36 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 37 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 38 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 39 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 40 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 41 meanings meaning NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 43 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 44 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 45 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 328 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 1 Later later RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 3 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 5 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 7 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 10 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 12 sounding sound VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 13 phoneme phoneme NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 14 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 16 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 18 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 19 pure pure JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 20 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 21 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 23 prose prose NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 25 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 26 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 27 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 28 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 29 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 30 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 31 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 33 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 35 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 36 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 38 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 40 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 41 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 42 sound sound NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 329 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 330 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 330 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 330 3 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 330 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 330 5 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 330 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 330 7 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 330 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 330 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 330 10 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 330 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 330 12 begins begin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 330 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 330 14 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 330 15 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 330 16 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 330 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 331 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 331 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 331 3 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 331 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 331 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 331 6 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 331 7 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 331 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 331 9 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 331 10 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 331 11 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 331 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 331 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 331 14 Ryukyuan Ryukyuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 331 15 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 331 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 8 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 9 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 12 Kojiki Kojiki NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 16 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 18 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 19 712 712 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 332 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 333 1 They[who they[who LS en-wikipedia-org-8079 333 2 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 333 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 1 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 2 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 4 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 5 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 6 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 8 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 9 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 12 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 13 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 15 man'yōgana man'yōgana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 18 syllabic syllabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 19 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 21 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 22 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 23 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 25 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 26 sounds sound NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 28 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 30 transcribe transcribe VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 32 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 34 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 35 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 36 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 37 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 38 syllable syllable NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 334 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 335 1 Over over IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 335 2 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 335 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 335 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 335 5 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 335 6 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 335 7 evolved evolve VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 335 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 1 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 2 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 4 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 7 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 9 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 10 either either DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 11 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 12 borrowed borrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 14 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 17 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 18 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 21 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 23 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 24 meanings meaning NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 336 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 1 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 2 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 5 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 7 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 8 grammatical grammatical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 9 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 12 simplified simplify VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 15 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 16 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 17 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 18 syllabic syllabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 19 scripts script NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 21 hiragana hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 23 katakana katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 26 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 27 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 28 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 29 Manyogana Manyogana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 337 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 338 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 338 2 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 338 3 claim claim VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 338 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 338 5 Manyogana Manyogana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 338 6 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 338 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 338 8 Baekje Baekje NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 338 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 338 10 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 338 11 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 338 12 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 338 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 338 14 denied deny VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 338 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 338 16 mainstream mainstream JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 338 17 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 338 18 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 338 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 2 43][44 43][44 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 4 Yoshinori Yoshinori NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 5 Kobayashi Kobayashi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 7 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 8 Vovin Vovin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 9 argued argue VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 11 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 13 Katakana Katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 14 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 17 Gugyeol Gugyeol NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 18 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 19 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 20 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 21 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 23 Silla Silla NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 24 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 339 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 2 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 4 Hiragana Hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 6 Katakana Katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 8 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 9 simplified simplify VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 11 Kanji Kanji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 14 Hiragana Hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 16 emerging emerge VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 17 somewhere somewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 18 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 20 9th 9th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 21 century,[46 century,[46 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 24 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 25 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 27 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 340 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 1 Hiragana Hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 3 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 6 informal informal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 7 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 9 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 10 Katakana Katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 12 Kanji Kanji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 14 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 15 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 16 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 19 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 20 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 22 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 25 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 26 settings setting NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 341 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 342 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 342 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 342 3 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 342 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 342 5 hiragana hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 342 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 342 7 accessibility accessibility NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 342 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 342 9 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 342 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 342 11 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 342 12 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 342 13 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 342 14 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 342 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 342 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 343 1 Eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 343 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 343 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 343 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 343 5 10th 10th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 343 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 343 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 343 8 hiragana hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 343 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 343 10 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 343 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 343 12 everyone everyone NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 343 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 4 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 5 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 7 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 10 mixture mixture NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 12 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 13 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 14 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 16 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 18 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 20 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 21 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 22 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 24 represent represent VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 25 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 26 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 27 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 28 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 29 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 32 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 34 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 35 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 36 morphemes morpheme NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 37 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 39 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 40 syllabaries syllabary NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 41 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 42 hiragana hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 44 katakana katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 344 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 2 Latin latin JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 3 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 5 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 6 romaji romaji NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 8 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 11 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 14 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 15 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 20 imported import VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 21 acronyms acronym NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 24 transcribe transcribe VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 25 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 26 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 29 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 30 instances instance NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 31 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 32 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 33 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 34 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 35 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 36 need need VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 38 know know VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 39 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 40 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 41 pronounce pronounce VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 43 word word NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 45 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 46 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 47 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 48 ramen raman NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 49 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 50 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 51 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 52 restaurant restaurant NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 345 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 1 Arabic arabic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 2 numerals numeral NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 4 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 5 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 6 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 7 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 9 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 10 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 11 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 13 counting counting NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 16 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 17 numerals numeral NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 19 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 20 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 22 compounds compound NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 24 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 26 統一 統一 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 27 tōitsu tōitsu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 30 unification unification NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 346 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 1 Historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 3 attempts attempt VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 5 limit limit VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 7 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 9 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 11 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 12 commenced commence VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 15 mid-19th mid-19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 16 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 18 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 19 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 21 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 23 matter matter NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 25 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 26 intervention intervention NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 27 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 28 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 29 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 30 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 31 defeat defeat NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 34 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 35 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 36 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 347 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 3 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 5 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 6 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 7 war war JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 8 occupation occupation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 11 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 14 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 16 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 17 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 18 officials official NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 21 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 22 schemes scheme NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 23 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 25 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 26 abolition abolition NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 28 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 30 exclusive exclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 31 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 33 rōmaji rōmaji NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 34 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 35 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 348 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 2 jōyō jōyō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 3 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 6 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 7 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 8 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 11 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 12 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 13 tōyō tōyō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 14 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 15 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 16 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 18 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 19 use use NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 22 scheme scheme NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 23 arose arise VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 26 compromise compromise NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 27 solution solution NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 349 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 350 1 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 350 2 students student NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 350 3 begin begin VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 350 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 350 5 learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 350 6 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 350 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 350 8 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 350 9 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 350 10 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 350 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 350 12 elementary elementary NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 350 13 school school NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 350 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 2 guideline guideline NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 3 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 6 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 7 Ministry Ministry NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 9 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 12 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 14 kyōiku kyōiku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 15 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 18 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 19 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 23 subset subset NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 25 jōyō jōyō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 26 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 29 specifies specify VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 31 1,006 1,006 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 32 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 33 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 35 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 36 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 38 learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 39 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 41 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 43 sixth sixth JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 44 grade grade NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 351 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 352 1 Children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 352 2 continue continue VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 352 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 352 4 study study VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 352 5 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 352 6 1,130 1,130 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 352 7 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 352 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 352 9 junior junior JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 352 10 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 352 11 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 352 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 352 13 covering cover VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 352 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 352 15 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 352 16 2,136 2,136 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 352 17 jōyō jōyō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 352 18 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 352 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 2 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 3 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 5 jōyō jōyō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 6 kanji kanji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 8 revised revise VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 9 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 10 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 14 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 15 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 17 officially officially RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 18 sanctioned sanction VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 19 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 20 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 21 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 22 unchanged unchanged JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 353 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 354 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 354 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 354 3 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 354 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 354 5 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 354 6 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 354 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 354 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 354 9 circumstances circumstance NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 354 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 354 11 somewhat somewhat RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 354 12 complicated complicated JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 354 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 1 Jōyō Jōyō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 2 kanji kanji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 4 jinmeiyō jinmeiyō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 5 kanji kanji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 8 appendix appendix NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 10 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 11 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 13 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 16 approved approve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 18 registering register VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 19 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 20 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 355 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 356 1 Names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 356 2 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 356 3 unapproved unapproved JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 356 4 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 356 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 356 6 denied deny VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 356 7 registration registration NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 356 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 6 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 8 jōyō jōyō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 9 kanji kanji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 11 criteria criterion NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 13 inclusion inclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 15 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 16 arbitrary arbitrary JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 18 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 20 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 21 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 23 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 24 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 25 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 26 disapproved disapprove VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 28 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 357 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 1 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 2 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 3 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 5 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 7 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 8 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 9 holding hold VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 11 exclusion exclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 13 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 14 characters character NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 15 unlawful unlawful JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 18 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 20 jinmeiyō jinmeiyō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 21 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 23 substantially substantially RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 24 extended extend VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 26 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 28 1951 1951 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 31 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 32 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 33 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 34 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 35 decreed decreed NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 38 983 983 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 40 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 358 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 359 1 Furthermore furthermore RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 359 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 359 3 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 359 4 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 359 5 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 359 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 359 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 359 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 359 9 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 359 10 lists list NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 359 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 359 12 permitted permit VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 359 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 359 14 continue continue VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 359 15 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 359 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 359 17 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 359 18 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 359 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 1 Hiragana Hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 2 Hiragana Hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 4 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 6 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 7 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 8 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 9 representation representation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 12 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 13 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 14 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 15 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 17 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 20 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 21 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 22 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 24 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 25 conjugational conjugational JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 26 endings ending NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 360 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 4 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 5 verbs verbs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 8 adjectives adjective NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 11 Japanese Japanese NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 13 conjugated conjugate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 15 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 16 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 17 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 18 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 19 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 20 convey convey VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 21 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 22 tense tense NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 24 mood mood NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 27 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 28 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 29 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 30 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 31 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 33 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 34 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 35 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 36 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 37 losing lose VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 38 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 39 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 361 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 362 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 362 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 362 3 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 362 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 362 5 hiragana hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 362 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 362 7 appended append VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 362 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 362 9 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 362 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 362 11 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 362 12 verb verb JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 362 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 362 14 adjective adjective JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 362 15 conjugations conjugation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 362 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 363 1 Hiragana Hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 363 2 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 363 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 363 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 363 5 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 363 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 363 7 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 363 8 okurigana okurigana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 363 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 1 Hiragana Hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 5 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 8 superscript superscript NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 9 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 10 furigana furigana NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 11 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 13 beside beside IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 15 kanji kanji FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 17 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 19 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 20 reading reading NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 364 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 3 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 5 facilitate facilitate VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 6 learning learning NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 8 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 9 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 12 clarify clarify VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 13 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 14 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 16 obscure obscure JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 19 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 20 invented invent VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 22 readings reading NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 365 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 1 Katakana Katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 2 Katakana Katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 4 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 5 hiragana hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 7 constitute constitute VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 9 syllabary syllabary NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 11 katakana katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 13 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 14 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 16 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 17 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 18 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 20 plant plant NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 22 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 23 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 27 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 366 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 5 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 9 adapted adapt VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 11 Ōsutoraria Ōsutoraria NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 13 オーストラリア オーストラリア NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 18 supermarket supermarket NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 20 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 21 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 22 adapted adapt VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 24 shortened shorten VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 25 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 26 sūpā sūpā NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 28 スーパー スーパー NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 367 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 368 1 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 368 2 Vovin Vovin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 368 3 argued argue VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 368 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 368 5 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 368 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 368 7 Katakana Katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 368 8 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 368 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 368 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 368 11 Gugyeol Gugyeol NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 368 12 writing writing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 368 13 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 368 14 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 368 15 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 368 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 368 17 Silla Silla NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 368 18 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 368 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 369 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 369 2 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 369 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 369 4 Yoshinori Yoshinori NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 369 5 Kobayashi Kobayashi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 369 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 369 7 Hiroshima Hiroshima NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 369 8 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 369 9 asserted assert VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 369 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 369 11 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 369 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 369 13 Katakana Katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 369 14 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 369 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 369 16 Gugyeol Gugyeol NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 369 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 1 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 2 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 3 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 4 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 5 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 8 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 9 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 10 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 11 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 12 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 13 universities university NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 14 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 16 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 17 provide provide VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 18 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 19 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 20 courses course NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 24 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 26 secondary secondary JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 28 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 29 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 30 schools school NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 31 worldwide worldwide RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 32 offer offer VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 33 courses course NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 36 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 370 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 3 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 4 changed change VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 6 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 7 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 8 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 9 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 12 1940 1940 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 14 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 15 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 16 Americans Americans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 19 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 20 descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 22 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 24 read read VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 26 write write VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 28 understand understand VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 30 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 371 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 2 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 4 International international JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 5 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 8 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 9 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 10 dates date VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 13 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 14 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 16 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 17 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 18 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 19 prevalent prevalent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 20 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 21 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 22 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 23 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 24 bubble bubble NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 27 1980s 1980 NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 30 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 31 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 33 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 34 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 35 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 37 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 39 anime anime NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 41 video video NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 42 games game NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 44 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 46 1990s 1990s CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 372 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 3 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 5 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 6 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 7 3.6 3.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 8 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 9 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 10 studied study VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 13 worldwide worldwide RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 15 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 17 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 19 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 20 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 373 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 4 Nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 5 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 6 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 7 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 9 745,000 745,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 10 Indonesians Indonesians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 12 556,000 556,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 13 South South NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 14 Koreans Koreans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 16 357,000 357,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 17 Australians Australians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 18 studied study VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 19 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 21 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 23 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 24 educational educational JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 25 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 374 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 4 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 5 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 7 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 9 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 10 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 12 learners learner NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 13 originated originate VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 15 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 17 20.5 20.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 18 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 21 Thailand Thailand NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 23 34.1 34.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 24 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 27 Vietnam Vietnam NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 29 38.7 38.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 30 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 34 Philippines Philippines NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 36 54.4 54.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 37 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 375 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 5 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 6 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 7 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 8 standardized standardized JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 9 tests test NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 11 measure measure VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 12 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 14 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 15 comprehension comprehension NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 17 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 19 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 20 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 21 learners learner NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 22 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 24 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 25 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 28 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 29 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 30 Proficiency Proficiency NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 31 Test Test NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 33 JLPT JLPT NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 36 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 37 features feature VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 38 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 39 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 41 exams exam NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 376 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 377 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 377 2 JLPT JLPT NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 377 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 377 4 offered offer VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 377 5 twice twice PDT en-wikipedia-org-8079 377 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 377 7 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 377 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 3 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 4 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 5 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 6 portal portal NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 7 Aizuchi Aizuchi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 8 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 10 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 11 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 12 dictionaries dictionary NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 13 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 14 exonyms exonyms VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 15 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 16 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 18 computers computer NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 19 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 20 literature literature VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 21 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 22 name name VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 23 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 24 orthography orthography NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 25 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 26 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 27 punctuation punctuation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 28 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 29 profanity profanity NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 30 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 31 Sign Sign NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 32 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 33 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 34 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 35 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 37 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 38 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 39 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 40 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 42 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 43 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 44 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 45 Wiktionary Wiktionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 47 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 48 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 49 sibling sibling NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 50 project project NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 51 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 52 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 53 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 54 Romanization Romanization NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 56 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 57 Hepburn Hepburn NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 58 romanization romanization NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 59 Shogakukan Shogakukan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 60 Progressive Progressive NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 61 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 62 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 63 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 64 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 65 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 66 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 67 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 68 Rendaku Rendaku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 69 Yojijukugo Yojijukugo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 70 Notes Notes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 71 ^ ^ VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 72 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 73 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 74 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 75 順帝昇明二年,倭王武遣使上表曰:封國偏遠,作藩于外,自昔祖禰,躬擐甲冑,跋渉山川,不遑寧處。東征毛人五十國,西服衆夷六十六國,渡平海北九十五國,王道融泰,廓土遐畿,累葉朝宗,不愆于歳。臣雖下愚,忝胤先緒,驅率所統,歸崇天極,道逕百濟,裝治船舫,而句驪無道,圖欲見吞,掠抄邊隸,虔劉不已,毎致稽滯,以失良風。雖曰進路,或通或不。臣亡考濟實忿寇讎,壅塞天路,控弦百萬,義聲感激,方欲大舉,奄喪父兄,使垂成之功,不獲一簣。居在諒闇,不動兵甲,是以偃息未捷。至今欲練甲治兵,申父兄之志,義士虎賁,文武效功,白刃交前,亦所不顧。若以帝德覆載,摧此強敵,克靖方難,無替前功。竊自假開府儀同三司,其餘咸各假授,以勸忠節。詔除武使持節督倭、新羅、任那、加羅、秦韓六國諸軍事、安東大將軍、倭國王。至齊建元中,及梁武帝時,并來朝貢 順帝昇明二年,倭王武遣使上表曰:封國偏遠,作藩于外,自昔祖禰,躬擐甲冑,跋渉山川,不遑寧處。東征毛人五十國,西服衆夷六十六國,渡平海北九十五國,王道融泰,廓土遐畿,累葉朝宗,不愆于歳。臣雖下愚,忝胤先緒,驅率所統,歸崇天極,道逕百濟,裝治船舫,而句驪無道,圖欲見吞,掠抄邊隸,虔劉不已,毎致稽滯,以失良風。雖曰進路,或通或不。臣亡考濟實忿寇讎,壅塞天路,控弦百萬,義聲感激,方欲大舉,奄喪父兄,使垂成之功,不獲一簣。居在諒闇,不動兵甲,是以偃息未捷。至今欲練甲治兵,申父兄之志,義士虎賁,文武效功,白刃交前,亦所不顧。若以帝德覆載,摧此強敵,克靖方難,無替前功。竊自假開府儀同三司,其餘咸各假授,以勸忠節。詔除武使持節督倭、新羅、任那、加羅、秦韓六國諸軍事、安東大將軍、倭國王。至齊建元中,及梁武帝時,并來朝貢 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 76 。 。 . en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 77 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 78 Nihon Nihon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 79 shoki shoki JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 80 Chapter Chapter NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 81 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 82 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 83 持統五年 持統五年 NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 84 九月己巳朔壬申。賜音博士大唐続守言。薩弘恪。書博士百済末士善信、銀人二十両 九月己巳朔壬申。賜音博士大唐続守言。薩弘恪。書博士百済末士善信、銀人二十両 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 85 。 。 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 86 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 87 Nihon Nihon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 88 shoki shoki NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 89 Chapter Chapter NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 90 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 91 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 92 持統六年 持統六年 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 93 十二月辛酉朔甲戌。賜音博士続守言。薩弘恪水田人四町 十二月辛酉朔甲戌。賜音博士続守言。薩弘恪水田人四町 ADD en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 94 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 95 Shoku Shoku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 96 Nihongi Nihongi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 97 宝亀九年 宝亀九年 NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 98 十二月庚寅。玄蕃頭従五位上袁晋卿賜姓清村宿禰。晋卿唐人也。天平七年随我朝使帰朝。時年十八九。学得文選爾雅音。為大学音博士。於後。歴大学頭安房守 十二月庚寅。玄蕃頭従五位上袁晋卿賜姓清村宿禰。晋卿唐人也。天平七年随我朝使帰朝。時年十八九。学得文選爾雅音。為大学音博士。於後。歴大学頭安房守 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 99 。 。 . en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 100 References References NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 101 Citations Citations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 102 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 103 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 104 Världens Världens NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 105 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 106 största största NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 107 språk språk NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 108 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 109 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 110 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 111 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 112 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 113 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 114 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 115 Largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 116 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 117 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 118 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 119 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 120 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 121 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 122 Nationalencyklopedin Nationalencyklopedin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 123 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 124 Hammarström Hammarström NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 125 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 126 Harald Harald NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 127 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 128 Forkel Forkel NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 129 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 130 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 131 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 132 Haspelmath Haspelmath NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 133 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 134 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 135 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 136 eds ed VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 378 137 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 379 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 379 2 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 379 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 379 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 380 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 380 2 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 380 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 380 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 381 1 Glottolog Glottolog NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 381 2 3.0 3.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 381 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 382 1 Jena Jena NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 382 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 382 3 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 382 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 382 5 Max Max NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 382 6 Planck Planck NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 382 7 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 382 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 382 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 382 10 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 382 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 382 12 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 382 13 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 382 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 383 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 383 2 Deal Deal NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 383 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 383 4 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 383 5 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 383 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 383 7 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 383 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 383 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 384 1 Handbook Handbook VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 384 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 384 3 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 384 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 384 5 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 384 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 384 7 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 384 8 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 384 9 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 384 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 385 1 Infobase Infobase NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 385 2 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 385 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 386 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 386 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 386 3 242 242 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 386 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 387 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 387 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 387 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 387 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 387 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 387 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 387 7 8160 8160 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 387 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 387 9 7485 7485 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 387 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 387 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 387 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 1 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 3 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 4 genetic genetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 5 affiliation affiliation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 7 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 9 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 10 neither neither DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 11 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 13 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 14 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 15 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 16 affiliation affiliation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 18 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 19 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 20 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 388 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 389 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 389 2 Wade Wade NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 389 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 389 4 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 389 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 389 6 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 389 7 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 389 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 389 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 389 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 390 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 390 2 Finding find VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 390 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 390 4 Dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 390 5 Casts Casts NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 390 6 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 390 7 Light Light NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 390 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 390 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 390 10 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 390 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 390 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 390 13 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 390 14 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 390 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 390 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 391 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 391 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 391 3 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 391 4 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 391 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 392 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 392 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 392 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 392 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 392 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 393 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-8079 393 2 Shinkichi Shinkichi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 393 3 Hashimoto Hashimoto NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 393 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 393 5 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 393 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 393 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 393 8 1918)「国語仮名遣研究史上の一発見―石塚龍麿の仮名遣奥山路について」『帝国文学』26–11(1949)『文字及び仮名遣の研究(橋本進吉博士著作集 1918)「国語仮名遣研究史上の一発見―石塚龍麿の仮名遣奥山路について」『帝国文学』26–11(1949)『文字及び仮名遣の研究(橋本進吉博士著作集 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 393 9 第3冊)』(岩波書店 第3冊)』(岩波書店 ADD en-wikipedia-org-8079 393 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 393 11 。 。 . en-wikipedia-org-8079 393 12 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 393 13 大野 大野 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 393 14 晋 晋 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 393 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 393 16 1953 1953 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 393 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 393 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 394 1 『 『 NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 394 2 上代仮名遣の研究 上代仮名遣の研究 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 394 3 』 』 XX en-wikipedia-org-8079 394 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 395 1 岩波書店 岩波書店 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 395 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 396 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 396 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 396 3 126 126 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 396 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 397 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 397 2 大野 大野 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 397 3 晋 晋 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 397 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 397 5 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 397 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 397 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 398 1 『 『 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 398 2 仮名遣いと上代語 仮名遣いと上代語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 398 3 』 』 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 398 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 399 1 岩波書店 岩波書店 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 399 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 400 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 400 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 400 3 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 400 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 401 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 401 2 有坂 有坂 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 401 3 秀世 秀世 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 401 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 401 5 1931)「国語にあらはれる一種の母音交替について」『音声の研究』第4輯(1957年の『国語音韻史の研究 1931)「国語にあらはれる一種の母音交替について」『音声の研究』第4輯(1957年の『国語音韻史の研究 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 401 6 増補新版』(三省堂 増補新版』(三省堂 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 401 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 401 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-8079 401 9 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 401 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 401 11 Vovin Vovin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 401 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 401 13 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 401 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 401 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 402 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 402 2 Proto proto JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 402 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 402 4 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 402 5 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 402 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 402 7 accent accent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 402 8 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 402 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 402 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 403 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 403 2 Frellesvig Frellesvig NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 403 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 403 4 Bjarne Bjarne NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 403 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 403 6 Whitman Whitman NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 403 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 403 8 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 403 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 403 10 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 403 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 403 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 403 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 404 1 Proto proto JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 404 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 404 3 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 404 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 404 5 Issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 404 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 404 7 Prospects Prospects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 404 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 405 1 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 405 2 Issues Issues NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 405 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 405 4 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 405 5 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 405 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 406 1 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 406 2 Benjamins Benjamins NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 406 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 407 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 407 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 408 1 141–156 141–156 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 408 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 409 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 409 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 409 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 409 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 409 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 409 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 409 7 272 272 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 409 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 409 9 4809 4809 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 409 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 409 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 409 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 410 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 410 2 Coulmas Coulmas NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 410 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 410 4 Florian Florian NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 410 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 410 6 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 410 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 410 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 411 1 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 411 2 Adaptation adaptation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 411 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 412 1 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 412 2 Syndicate Syndicate NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 412 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 412 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 412 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 412 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 412 7 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 412 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 413 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 413 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 413 3 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 413 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 414 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 414 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 414 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 414 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 414 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 414 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 414 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 414 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 414 9 36255 36255 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 414 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 414 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 414 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 415 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 415 2 Schuessler Schuessler NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 415 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 415 4 Axel Axel NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 415 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 415 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 415 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 415 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 416 1 Minimal Minimal NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 416 2 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 416 3 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 416 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 416 5 Later later RBR en-wikipedia-org-8079 416 6 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 416 7 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 416 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 416 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 416 10 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 416 11 Companion Companion NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 416 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 416 13 Grammata Grammata NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 416 14 Serica Serica NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 416 15 Recensa Recensa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 416 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 417 1 Honolulu Honolulu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 417 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 417 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 417 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 417 5 Hawaii Hawaii NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 417 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 417 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 418 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 418 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 418 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 418 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 418 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 418 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 418 7 8248 8248 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 418 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 418 9 3264 3264 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 418 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 418 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 418 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 419 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 419 2 Miura Miura NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 419 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 419 4 Akira Akira NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 419 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 419 6 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 419 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 419 8 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 419 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 419 10 Weatherhill Weatherhill NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 419 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 419 12 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 419 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 420 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 420 2 Hall Hall NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 420 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 420 4 Kathleen Kathleen NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 420 5 Currie Currie NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 420 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 420 7 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 420 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 420 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 421 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 421 2 Documenting document VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 421 3 phonological phonological JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 421 4 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 421 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 421 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 421 7 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 421 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 421 9 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 421 10 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 421 11 phonemic phonemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 421 12 splits split NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 421 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 421 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 421 15 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 421 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 421 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 422 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 422 2 Luo Luo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 422 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 422 4 Shan Shan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 422 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 422 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 422 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 422 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 422 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 423 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 423 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 423 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 423 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 423 5 Annual Annual NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 423 6 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 423 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 423 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 423 9 Canadian Canadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 423 10 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 423 11 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 423 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 2 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 4 listed list VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 6 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 9 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 10 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 12 Angaur angaur JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 13 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 15 Palau Palau NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 17 Ethnologe Ethnologe NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 19 CIA CIA NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 20 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 21 Factbook Factbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 424 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 425 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 425 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 425 3 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 425 4 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 425 5 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 425 6 speakers speaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 425 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 425 8 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 425 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 425 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 425 11 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 425 12 census census NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 425 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 426 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 426 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 426 3 IBGE IBGE NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 426 4 traça traça NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 426 5 perfil perfil NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 426 6 dos dos NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 426 7 imigrantes imigrante VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 426 8 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 426 9 Imigração Imigração NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 426 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 426 11 Made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 426 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 426 13 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 426 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 426 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 427 1 Madeinjapan.uol.com.br Madeinjapan.uol.com.br NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 427 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 428 1 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 428 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 428 3 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 428 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 428 5 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 428 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 429 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 429 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 429 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 429 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 429 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 429 6 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 429 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 429 8 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 429 9 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 429 10 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 429 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 430 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 430 2 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 430 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 430 4 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 430 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 430 6 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 430 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 431 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 431 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 431 3 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 431 4 FactFinder FactFinder NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 431 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 431 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 432 1 Factfinder.census.gov Factfinder.census.gov NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 432 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 433 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 433 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 433 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 433 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 433 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 433 6 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 433 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 433 8 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 433 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 433 10 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 433 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 434 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 434 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 434 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 434 4 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 434 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 434 6 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 434 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 435 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 435 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 435 3 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 435 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 435 5 Source source NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 435 6 Census Census NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 435 7 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 435 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 435 9 Summary Summary NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 435 10 File File NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 435 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 435 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 435 13 STP STP NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 435 14 258 258 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 435 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 435 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 436 1 Mla.org Mla.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 436 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 437 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 437 2 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 437 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 437 4 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 437 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 437 6 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 437 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 438 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 438 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 438 3 Ethnocultural Ethnocultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 438 4 Portrait Portrait NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 438 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 438 6 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 438 7 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 438 8 Data Data NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 438 9 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 438 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 438 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 439 1 2.statcan.ca 2.statcan.ca LS en-wikipedia-org-8079 439 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 440 1 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 440 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 440 3 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 440 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 440 5 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 440 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 441 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 441 2 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 441 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 441 4 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 441 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 441 6 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 441 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 442 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 442 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 442 3 Census Census NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 442 4 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 442 5 Summary Summary NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 442 6 File File NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 442 7 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 442 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 442 9 SF SF NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 442 10 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 442 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 442 12 100-Percent 100-Percent NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 442 13 Data Data NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 442 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 442 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 443 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 443 2 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 443 3 Census Census NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 443 4 Bureau Bureau NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 443 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 444 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 444 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 444 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 444 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 444 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 445 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-8079 445 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 445 3 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 445 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 445 5 Colonial Colonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 445 6 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 445 7 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 445 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 445 9 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 445 10 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 445 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 446 1 Books.google.com books.google.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-8079 446 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 447 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 447 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 447 3 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 447 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 447 5 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 447 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 447 7 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 447 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 3 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 5 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 6 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 9 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 13 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 14 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 15 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 16 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 17 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 19 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 20 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 21 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 23 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 27 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 28 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 29 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 30 法制執務コラム集「法律と国語・日本語 法制執務コラム集「法律と国語・日本語 NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 31 」 」 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 34 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 448 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 449 1 Legislative Legislative NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 449 2 Bureau Bureau NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 449 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 449 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 449 5 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 449 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 449 7 Councillors Councillors NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 449 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 450 1 Retrieved retrieved JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 450 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 450 3 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 450 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 450 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 451 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 451 2 Pulvers Pulvers NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 451 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 451 4 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 451 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 451 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 451 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 451 8 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 451 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 451 10 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 451 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 451 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 452 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 452 2 Opening opening NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 452 3 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-8079 452 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 452 5 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 452 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 452 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 452 8 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 452 9 dialectic dialectic NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 452 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 452 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 453 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 453 2 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 453 3 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 453 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 454 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 454 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 454 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 454 4 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 454 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 454 6 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 454 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 455 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 455 2 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 455 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 455 4 comments comment NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 455 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 455 6 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 455 7 Kizaki Kizaki NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 455 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 455 9 Stuky Stuky NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 455 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 455 11 Natalie Natalie NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 455 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 455 13 Kyoko Kyoko NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 455 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 456 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 456 2 Exclusive exclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 456 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 456 4 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 456 5 Internment Internment NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 456 6 Camp Camp NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 456 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 456 8 MacArthur MacArthur NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 456 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 456 10 Aide Aide NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 456 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 456 12 Rebuilding Rebuilding NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 456 13 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 456 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 456 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 457 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 457 2 Daily Daily NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 457 3 Beast Beast NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 457 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 458 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 458 2 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 458 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 458 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 458 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 459 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 459 2 Coulmas Coulmas NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 459 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 459 4 Florian Florian NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 459 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 459 6 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 459 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 459 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 460 1 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 460 2 Adaptation adaptation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 460 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 461 1 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 461 2 Syndicate Syndicate NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 461 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 461 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 461 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 461 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 461 7 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 461 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 462 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 462 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 463 1 106 106 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 463 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 464 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 464 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 464 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 464 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 464 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 464 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 464 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 464 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 464 9 36255 36255 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 464 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 464 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 464 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 465 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 465 2 Patrick Patrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 465 3 Heinrich Heinrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 465 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 2 Use use VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 3 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 5 lose lose VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 6 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 8 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 9 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 10 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 12 stake stake NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 13 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 14 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 16 reviving revive VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 17 Ryukyuan Ryukyuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 18 tongues tongue NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 466 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 467 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 467 2 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 467 3 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 467 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 468 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 468 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 468 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 468 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 468 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 468 6 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 468 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 468 8 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 468 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 468 10 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 468 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 469 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 469 2 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 469 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 469 4 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 469 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 469 6 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 469 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 2 Robbeets Robbeets NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 3 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 7 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 9 sfn sfn NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 10 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 12 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 13 targets target NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 15 2× 2× NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 18 CITEREFRobbeets2005 CITEREFRobbeets2005 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 20 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 22 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 23 Kindaichi Kindaichi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 24 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 25 Hirano Hirano NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 26 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 28 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 470 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 471 1 30–31 30–31 JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 471 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 472 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 472 2 Robbeets Robbeets NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 472 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 472 4 Martine Martine NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 472 5 Irma Irma NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 472 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 472 7 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 472 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 472 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 473 1 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 473 2 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 473 3 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 473 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 473 5 Korean Korean NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 473 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 473 7 Tungusic Tungusic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 473 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 473 9 Mongolic Mongolic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 473 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 473 11 Turkic Turkic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 473 12 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 473 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 474 1 Otto Otto NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 474 2 Harrassowitz Harrassowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 474 3 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 474 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 475 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 475 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 475 3 9783447052474 9783447052474 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 475 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 476 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 476 2 Vovin Vovin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 476 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 476 4 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 476 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 477 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 477 2 Proto proto JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 477 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 477 4 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 477 5 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 477 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 477 7 accent accent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 477 8 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 477 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 477 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 478 1 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 478 2 Issues Issues NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 478 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 478 4 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 478 5 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 478 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 478 7 141–156 141–156 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 478 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 479 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 479 2 Vovin Vovin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 479 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 479 4 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 479 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 479 6 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 479 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 479 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 480 1 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 480 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 480 3 Japonica Japonica NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 480 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 480 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 480 6 Re Re NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 480 7 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 480 8 Evaluation evaluation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 480 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 480 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 480 11 Common Common NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 480 12 Genetic Genetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 480 13 Origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 480 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 481 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 481 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 481 3 Hawaii Hawaii NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 481 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 481 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 482 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 482 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 482 3 9780824832780 9780824832780 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 482 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 2 Shibatani Shibatani NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 4 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 6 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 8 Austronesian austronesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 9 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 11 Transeurasian transeurasian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 12 ancestry ancestry NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 14 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 16 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 17 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 19 farming farming NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 20 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 22 dispersal dispersal NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 483 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 484 1 ResearchGate ResearchGate NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 484 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 485 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 485 2 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 485 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 485 4 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 485 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 485 6 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 485 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 486 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 486 2 Does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 486 3 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 486 4 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 486 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 486 6 Austronesian austronesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 486 7 stratum stratum NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 486 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 487 1 - - : en-wikipedia-org-8079 487 2 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 487 3 Kumar Kumar NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 487 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 487 5 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 487 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 487 7 http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/kumar1996does.pdf http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf8/kumar1996does.pdf ADD en-wikipedia-org-8079 487 8 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 487 9 Kindaichi Kindaichi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 487 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 487 11 Haruhiko Haruhiko NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 487 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 487 13 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 487 14 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 487 15 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 487 16 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 487 17 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 487 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 487 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 1 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 2 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 4 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 6 Fascinating Fascinating NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 7 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 9 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 12 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 13 Along along IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 14 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 15 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 16 Useful useful JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 17 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 18 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 19 Points Points NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 488 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 489 1 Tuttle Tuttle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 489 2 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 489 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 490 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 490 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 490 3 9781462902668 9781462902668 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 490 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 491 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 491 2 Bullock Bullock NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 491 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 491 4 Ben Ben NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 491 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 492 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 492 2 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-8079 492 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 492 4 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 492 5 pitch pitch NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 492 6 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 492 7 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 492 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 492 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 493 1 Ben Ben NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 493 2 Bullock Bullock NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 493 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 494 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 494 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 494 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 494 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 494 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 495 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 495 2 Miyagawa Miyagawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 495 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 495 4 Shigeru Shigeru NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 495 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 496 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 496 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 496 3 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 496 4 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 496 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 496 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 497 1 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 497 2 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 497 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 497 4 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 497 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 498 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 498 2 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 498 3 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 498 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 498 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 498 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 499 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 499 2 Koichi Koichi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 499 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 500 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 500 2 Yamato Yamato NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 500 3 Kotoba Kotoba NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 500 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 500 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 500 6 REAL real JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 500 7 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 500 8 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 500 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 500 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 501 1 Tofugu Tofugu NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 501 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 502 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 502 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 502 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 502 4 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 502 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 502 6 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 502 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 503 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 503 2 金田一京 金田一京 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 503 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 503 4 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 503 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 504 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 504 2 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 504 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 504 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 505 1 新選国語辞典 新選国語辞典 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 505 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 506 1 小学館 小学館 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 506 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 507 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 507 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 507 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 507 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 507 5 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 507 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 507 7 501407 501407 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 507 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 507 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 507 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 3 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 4 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 6 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 7 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 8 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 9 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 10 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 12 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 14 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 17 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 18 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 21 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 22 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 23 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 25 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 26 Kanji Kanji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 29 JapanGuide.com JapanGuide.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 32 Pottery Pottery NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 33 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 34 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 35 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 36 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 37 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 38 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 39 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 40 WebCite WebCite NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 42 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 43 MSN MSN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 44 Encarta Encarta NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 45 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 46 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 47 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 49 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 51 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 52 JapanVisitor.com JapanVisitor.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 508 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 509 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 509 2 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 509 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 509 4 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 509 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 509 6 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 509 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 510 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 510 2 Heinrich Heinrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 510 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 510 4 Patrick Patrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 510 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 2 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 3 leaves leave VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 5 mark mark NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 6 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 7 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 8 longer longer RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 9 stain stain VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 11 Progressive progressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 12 erasure erasure NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 14 reversing reverse VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 15 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 16 shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 17 activities activity NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 20 Ryukyu Ryukyu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 21 Islands Islands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 24 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 25 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 26 Small Small NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 27 Island Island NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 28 Cultures Cultures NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 29 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 30 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 31 Kagoshima Kagoshima NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 32 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 34 Centre Centre NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 35 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 37 Pacific Pacific NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 38 Islands Islands NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 40 7–10 7–10 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 41 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 42 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 43 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 44 citing cite VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 45 Shiro Shiro NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 46 Hattori Hattori NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 511 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 2 1954 1954 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 4 Gengo Gengo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 5 nendaigaku nendaigaku NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 6 sunawachi sunawachi NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 7 goi goi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 8 tokeigaku tokeigaku VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 9 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 10 hoho hoho NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 11 ni ni NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 12 tsuite tsuite NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 15 Concerning concern VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 17 Method Method NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 19 Glottochronology Glottochronology NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 21 Lexicostatistics Lexicostatistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 25 Gengo Gengo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 26 kenkyu kenkyu NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 28 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 31 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 32 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 34 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 37 Vols Vols NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 512 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 513 1 26/27 26/27 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 513 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 514 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-8079 514 2 Shunpei Shunpei NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 514 3 Mizuno Mizuno NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 514 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 514 5 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 514 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 515 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 515 2 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 515 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 515 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 516 1 韓国人の日本偽史―日本人はビックリ 韓国人の日本偽史―日本人はビックリ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 516 2 ! ! . en-wikipedia-org-8079 517 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 517 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 517 3 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 517 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 517 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 518 1 Shogakukan Shogakukan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 518 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 519 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 519 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 519 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 519 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 519 5 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 519 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 519 7 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 519 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 519 9 402716 402716 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 519 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 519 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 519 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 520 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-8079 520 2 Shunpei Shunpei NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 520 3 Mizuno Mizuno NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 520 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 520 5 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 520 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 521 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 521 2 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 521 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 521 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 522 1 韓vs日「偽史ワールド 韓vs日「偽史ワールド NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 522 2 」 」 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 522 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 522 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 522 5 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 522 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 522 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 523 1 Shogakukan Shogakukan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 523 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 524 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 524 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 524 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 524 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 524 5 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 524 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 524 7 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 524 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 524 9 387703 387703 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 524 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 524 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 524 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 525 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 525 2 https://www.academia.edu/19256034 https://www.academia.edu/19256034 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 525 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 526 1 Missing miss VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 526 2 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 526 3 empty empty JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 526 4 |title= |title= NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 526 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 526 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 526 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 526 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-8079 526 9 Burlock Burlock NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 526 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 526 11 Ben Ben NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 526 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 526 13 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 526 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 526 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 527 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 527 2 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 527 3 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 527 4 katakana katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 527 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 527 6 hiragana hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 527 7 originate originate VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 527 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 527 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 527 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 528 1 sci.lang.japan sci.lang.japan ADD en-wikipedia-org-8079 528 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 529 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 529 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 529 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 529 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 529 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 530 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 530 2 Ager Ager NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 530 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 530 4 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 530 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 530 6 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 530 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 530 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 531 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 531 2 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 531 3 Hiragana Hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 531 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 531 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 532 1 Omniglot omniglot NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 532 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 533 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 533 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 533 3 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 533 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 533 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 534 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 534 2 https://www.academia.edu/19256034 https://www.academia.edu/19256034 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 534 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 1 Missing miss VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 2 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 3 empty empty JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 4 |title= |title= NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 9 Beate Beate NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 10 Sirota Sirota NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 11 Gordon Gordon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 12 commencement commencement NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 13 address address NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 15 Mills Mills NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 16 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 18 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 19 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 20 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 535 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 2 Sotomayor Sotomayor NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 4 Denzel Denzel NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 5 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 7 GE GE NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 8 CEO CEO NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 9 Speak speak VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 11 Graduates Graduates NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 14 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 15 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 17 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 19 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 20 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 22 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 23 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 24 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 26 SPAN SPAN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 28 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 536 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 1 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 3 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 5 retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 6 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 8 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 9 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 10 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 11 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 13 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 14 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 16 Survey Survey NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 17 Report Report NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 19 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 21 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 22 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 23 Abroad abroad RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 26 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 537 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 538 1 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 538 2 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 538 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 539 1 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 539 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 540 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 540 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 540 3 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 540 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 540 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 541 1 Works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 541 2 cited cite VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 541 3 Bloch Bloch NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 541 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 541 5 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 541 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 541 7 1946 1946 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 541 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 541 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 542 1 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 542 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 542 3 colloquial colloquial JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 542 4 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 542 5 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 542 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 542 7 Inflection inflection NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 542 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 543 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 543 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 543 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 543 4 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 543 5 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 543 6 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 543 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 543 8 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 543 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 543 10 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 543 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 544 1 97–130 97–130 LS en-wikipedia-org-8079 544 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 545 1 Bloch Bloch NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 545 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 545 3 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 545 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 545 5 1946 1946 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 545 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 545 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 546 1 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 546 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 546 3 colloquial colloquial JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 546 4 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 546 5 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 546 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 546 7 Syntax syntax NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 546 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 547 1 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 547 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 547 3 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 547 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 547 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 547 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 548 1 200–248 200–248 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 548 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 549 1 Chafe Chafe NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 549 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 549 3 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 549 4 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 549 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 549 6 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 549 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 549 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 550 1 Giveness giveness JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 550 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 550 3 contrastiveness contrastiveness NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 550 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 550 5 definiteness definiteness JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 550 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 550 7 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 550 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 550 9 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 550 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 550 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 550 12 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 550 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 550 14 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 550 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 551 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 551 2 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 551 3 Li Li NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 551 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 551 5 Ed Ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 551 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 552 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 552 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 552 3 Subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 552 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 552 5 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 552 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 552 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 552 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 553 1 25–56 25–56 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 553 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 553 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 554 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 554 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 554 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 554 4 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 554 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 554 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 555 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 555 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 555 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 555 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 555 5 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 555 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 555 7 447350 447350 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 555 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 555 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 555 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 556 1 Dalby Dalby NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 556 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 556 3 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 556 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 557 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 557 2 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 557 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 557 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 558 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 558 2 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 558 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 558 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 558 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 558 6 Dictionary Dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 558 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 558 8 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 558 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 558 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 558 11 Definitive Definitive NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 558 12 Reference reference NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 558 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 558 14 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 558 15 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 558 16 400 400 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 558 17 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 558 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 559 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 559 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 559 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 559 4 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 559 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 559 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 559 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 7 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 9 11568 11568 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 13 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 15 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 17 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 19 11569 11569 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 20 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 21 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 22 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 23 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 24   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 25 474656178 474656178 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 26 Frellesvig Frellesvig NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 28 Bjarke Bjarke NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 30 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 560 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 561 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 561 2 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 561 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 561 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 561 5 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 561 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 561 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 562 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 562 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 562 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 562 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 562 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 562 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 563 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 563 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 563 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 563 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 563 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 563 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 563 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 563 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 563 9 65320 65320 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 563 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 563 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 563 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 564 1 Kindaichi Kindaichi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 564 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 564 3 Haruhiko Haruhiko NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 564 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 564 5 Hirano Hirano NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 564 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 564 7 Umeyo Umeyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 564 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 564 9 1978 1978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 564 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 564 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 565 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 565 2 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 565 3 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 565 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 566 1 Tuttle Tuttle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 566 2 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 566 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 567 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 567 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 567 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 567 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 567 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 567 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 567 7 8048 8048 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 567 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 567 9 1579 1579 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 567 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 567 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 567 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 568 1 Kuno Kuno NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 568 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 568 3 Susumu Susumu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 568 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 568 5 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 568 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 568 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 569 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 569 2 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 569 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 569 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 569 5 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 569 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 569 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 570 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 570 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 570 3 MA MA NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 570 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 570 5 MIT MIT NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 570 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 570 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 571 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 571 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 571 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 571 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 571 5 262 262 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 571 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 571 7 11049 11049 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 571 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 571 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 571 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 572 1 Kuno Kuno NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 572 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 572 3 Susumu Susumu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 572 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 573 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 573 2 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 573 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 573 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 2 Subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 4 theme theme NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 8 speaker speaker NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 10 empathy empathy NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 12 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 13 re re NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 14 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 15 examination examination NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 17 relativization relativization NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 18 phenomena phenomenon NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 22 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 23 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 24 Li Li NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 26 Ed Ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 574 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 575 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 575 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 575 3 Subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 575 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 575 5 topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 575 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 575 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 575 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 576 1 417–444 417–444 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 576 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 576 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 577 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 577 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 577 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 577 4 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 577 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 577 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 578 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 578 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 578 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 578 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 578 5 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 578 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 578 7 447350 447350 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 578 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 578 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 578 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 579 1 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 579 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 579 3 Samuel Samuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 579 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 579 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 579 6 1975 1975 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 579 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 579 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 580 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 580 2 reference reference NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 580 3 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 580 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 580 5 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 580 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 581 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 581 2 Haven Haven NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 581 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 581 4 Yale Yale NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 581 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 581 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 581 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 582 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 582 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 582 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 582 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 582 5 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 582 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 582 7 01813 01813 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 582 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 582 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 582 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 583 1 McClain McClain NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 583 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 583 3 Yoko Yoko NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 583 4 Matsuoka Matsuoka NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 583 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 584 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 584 2 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 584 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 584 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 585 1 Handbook Handbook VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 585 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 585 3 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 585 4 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 585 5 grammar grammar NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 585 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 585 7 口語日本文法便覧 口語日本文法便覧 NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 585 8 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 585 9 Kōgo Kōgo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 585 10 Nihon Nihon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 585 11 bumpō bumpō NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 585 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 585 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 586 1 Tokyo Tokyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 586 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 586 3 Hokuseido Hokuseido NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 586 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 586 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 587 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 587 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 587 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 587 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 587 5 590 590 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 587 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 587 7 00570 00570 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 587 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 587 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 587 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 587 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 587 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 587 13 89346 89346 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 587 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 587 15 149 149 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 587 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 587 17 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 587 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 588 1 Miller Miller NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 588 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 588 3 Roy Roy NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 588 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 588 5 1967 1967 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 588 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 588 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 589 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 589 2 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 589 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 589 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 590 1 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 590 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 590 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 590 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 590 5 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 590 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 590 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 591 1 Miller Miller NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 591 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 591 3 Roy Roy NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 591 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 591 5 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 591 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 591 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 592 1 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 592 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 592 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 592 4 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 592 5 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 592 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 592 7 Lectures lecture NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 592 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 592 9 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 592 10 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 592 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 592 12 academic academic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 592 13 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 592 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 592 15 1977–78 1977–78 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 592 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 593 1 Seattle Seattle NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 593 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 593 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 593 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 593 5 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 593 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 593 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 594 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 594 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 594 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 594 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 594 5 295 295 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 594 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 594 7 95766 95766 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 594 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 594 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 594 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 595 1 Mizutani Mizutani NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 595 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 595 3 Osamu Osamu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 595 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 595 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 595 6 Mizutani Mizutani NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 595 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 595 8 Nobuko Nobuko NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 595 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 595 10 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 595 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 595 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 596 1 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-8079 596 2 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 596 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 596 4 polite polite JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 596 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 596 6 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 596 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 596 8 日本語の敬語 日本語の敬語 NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 596 9 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 596 10 Nihongo Nihongo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 596 11 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 596 12 keigo keigo NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 596 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 596 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 597 1 Tokyo Tokyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 597 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 597 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 597 4 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 597 5 Times Times NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 597 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 598 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 598 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 598 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 598 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 598 5 7890 7890 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 598 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 598 7 0338 0338 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 598 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 598 9 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 598 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 599 1 Robbeets Robbeets NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 599 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 599 3 Martine Martine NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 599 4 Irma Irma NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 599 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 599 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 599 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 599 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 600 1 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 600 2 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 600 3 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 600 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 600 5 Korean Korean NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 600 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 600 7 Tungusic Tungusic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 600 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 600 9 Mongolic Mongolic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 600 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 600 11 Turkic Turkic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 600 12 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-8079 600 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 601 1 Otto Otto NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 601 2 Harrassowitz Harrassowitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 601 3 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 601 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 602 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 602 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 602 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 602 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 602 5 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 602 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 602 7 447 447 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 602 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 602 9 05247 05247 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 602 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 602 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 602 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 603 1 Shibamoto Shibamoto NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 603 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 603 3 Janet Janet NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 603 4 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 603 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 603 6 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 603 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 603 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 604 1 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 604 2 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 604 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 604 4 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 604 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 605 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 605 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 605 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 605 4 Academic Academic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 605 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 605 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 606 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 606 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 606 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 606 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 606 5 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 606 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 606 7 640030-X. 640030-x. CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 607 1 Graduate Graduate NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 607 2 Level Level NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 607 3 Shibatani Shibatani NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 607 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 607 5 Masayoshi Masayoshi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 607 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 607 7 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 607 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 607 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 608 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 608 2 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 608 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 608 4 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 608 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 609 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 609 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 609 3 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 609 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 609 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 609 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 610 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 610 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 610 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 610 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 610 5 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 610 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 610 7 36070 36070 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 610 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 610 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 610 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 611 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 611 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 611 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 611 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 611 5 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 611 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 611 7 36918 36918 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 611 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 611 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 611 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 611 11 pbk pbk NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 611 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 611 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 612 1 Tsujimura Tsujimura NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 612 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 612 3 Natsuko Natsuko NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 612 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 612 5 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 612 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 612 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 613 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 613 2 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 613 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 613 4 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 613 5 linguistics linguistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 613 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 614 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 614 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 614 3 MA MA NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 614 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 614 5 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 614 6 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 614 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 5 631 631 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 7 19855 19855 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 9 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 11 hbk hbk NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 14 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 16 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 18 631 631 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 20 19856 19856 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 22 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 24 pbk pbk NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 615 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 616 1 Upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 616 2 Level Level NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 616 3 Textbooks Textbooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 616 4 Tsujimura Tsujimura NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 616 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 616 6 Natsuko Natsuko NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 616 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 616 8 Ed Ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 616 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 616 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 617 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 617 2 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 617 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 617 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 618 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 618 2 handbook handbook NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 618 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 618 4 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 618 5 linguistics linguistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 618 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 619 1 Malden Malden NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 619 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 619 3 MA MA NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 619 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 619 5 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 619 6 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 619 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 620 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 620 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 620 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 620 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 620 5 631 631 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 620 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 620 7 20504 20504 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 620 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 620 9 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 620 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 621 1 Readings reading NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 621 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 621 3 Anthologies Anthologies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 621 4 Vovin Vovin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 621 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 621 6 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 621 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 621 8 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 621 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 621 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 622 1 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 622 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 622 3 Japonica Japonica NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 622 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 622 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 622 6 Re Re NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 622 7 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 622 8 Evaluation evaluation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 622 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 622 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 622 11 Common Common NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 622 12 Genetic Genetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 622 13 Origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 622 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 623 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 623 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 623 3 Hawaii Hawaii NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 623 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 623 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 624 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 624 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 624 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 624 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 624 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 624 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 624 7 8248 8248 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 624 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 624 9 3278 3278 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 624 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 624 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 624 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 625 1 — — : en-wikipedia-org-8079 625 2 — — : en-wikipedia-org-8079 625 3 — — : en-wikipedia-org-8079 625 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 625 5 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 625 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 625 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 626 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 626 2 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 626 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 626 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 626 5 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 626 6 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 626 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 626 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 627 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 627 2 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 627 3 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 627 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 627 5 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 627 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 628 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 628 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 628 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 628 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 629 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 629 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 629 3 acrefore/9780199384655.013.277 acrefore/9780199384655.013.277 UH en-wikipedia-org-8079 629 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 630 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 630 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 630 3 9780199384655 9780199384655 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 630 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 631 1 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 631 2 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 631 3 Rudolf Rudolf NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 631 4 Lange Lange NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 631 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 631 6 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 631 7 Noss Noss NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 631 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 631 9 1903 1903 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 631 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 631 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 632 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 632 2 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 632 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 632 4 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 632 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 632 6 Colloquial colloquial JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 632 7 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 632 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 632 9 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 632 10 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 632 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 632 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 632 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 633 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 633 2 Kaneko Kaneko NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 633 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 633 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 633 5 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 633 6 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 633 7 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 633 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 633 9 Sendai Sendai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 633 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 633 11 Methodist Methodist NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 633 12 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 633 13 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 633 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 634 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 634 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 634 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 634 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 634 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 635 1 Rudolf Rudolf NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 635 2 Lange Lange NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 635 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 635 4 1903 1903 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 635 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 635 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 636 1 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 636 2 Noss Noss NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 636 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 636 4 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 636 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 636 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 636 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 2 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 4 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 6 colloquial colloquial JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 7 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 9 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 12 Lehrbuch Lehrbuch NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 13 der der NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 14 japanischen japanischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 15 umgangssprache umgangssprache NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 17 Dr. Dr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 18 Rudolf Rudolf NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 19 Lange Lange NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 21 revised revise VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 22 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 23 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 637 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 638 1 Tokyo Tokyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 638 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 638 3 Methodist Methodist NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 638 4 publishing publishing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 638 5 house house NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 638 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 639 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 639 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 639 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 639 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 639 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 640 1 Rudolf Rudolf NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 640 2 Lange Lange NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 640 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 640 4 1907 1907 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 640 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 640 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 641 1 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 641 2 Noss Noss NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 641 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 641 4 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 641 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 641 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 641 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 642 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 642 2 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 642 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 642 4 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 642 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 642 6 colloquial colloquial JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 642 7 Japanese Japanese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 642 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 642 9 revised revise VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 642 10 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 642 11 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 642 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 642 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 642 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 643 1 Tokyo Tokyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 643 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 643 3 Methodist Methodist NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 643 4 publishing publishing NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 643 5 house house NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 643 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 644 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 644 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 644 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 644 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 644 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 645 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 645 2 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 645 3 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 645 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 645 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 646 1 MIT MIT NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 646 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 647 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 647 2 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 647 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 647 4 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 647 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 647 6 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 647 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 1 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 2 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 3 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 5 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 7 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 8 relating relate VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 10 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 13 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 15 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 16 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 17 category category NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 19 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 21 Wiktionary Wiktionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 24 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 25 dictionary dictionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 648 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 1 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 2 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 7 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 8 encyclopedia encyclopedia NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 9 Japaneseat Japaneseat NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 10 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 12 sister sister NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 13 projects project VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 14 Definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 16 Wiktionary Wiktionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 17 Media Media NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 19 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 20 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 21 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 23 Wikinews Wikinews NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 24 Quotations Quotations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 26 Wikiquote Wikiquote NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 27 Texts Texts NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 29 Wikisource Wikisource NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 30 Textbooks Textbooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 32 Wikibooks wikibook NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 33 Travel Travel NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 34 guide guide NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 35 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 36 Wikivoyage Wikivoyage NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 37 Resources Resources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 38 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 39 Wikiversity Wikiversity NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 40 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 41 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 42 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 43 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 44 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 46 Linguistics Linguistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 47 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 48 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 49 Student Student NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 50 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 51 Handbook handbook JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 52 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 53 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 54 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 55 Curlie Curlie NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 56 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 57 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 58 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 59 Japonic japonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 60 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 61 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 62 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 63 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 64 dialects dialect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 65 Hachijō Hachijō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 66 Ryukyuan Ryukyuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 67 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 68 Amami Amami NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 69 Amami Amami NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 70 Southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 71 Amami Amami NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 72 Kikai Kikai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 73 Tokunoshima Tokunoshima NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 74 Okinoerabu Okinoerabu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 75 Yoron Yoron NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 76 Okinawan Okinawan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 77 Kunigami Kunigami NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 78 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 79 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 80 Okinawan Okinawan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 81 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 82 Okinawan Okinawan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 83 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 84 Miyakoan Miyakoan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 85 Miyakoan Miyakoan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 86 Tarama Tarama NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 87 Macro Macro NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 88 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 89 Yaeyama Yaeyama NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 90 Yaeyama Yaeyama NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 91 Yonaguni Yonaguni NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 92 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 93 Proto proto RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 94 - - : en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 95 Japonic Japonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 96 Peninsular Peninsular NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 97 Japonic† Japonic† , en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 98 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 99 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 100 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 101 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 102 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 103 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 104 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 105 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 106 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 107 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 108 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 109 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 110 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 111 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 112 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 113 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 114 Earlier early RBR en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 115 forms form VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 116 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 117 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 118 Middle middle NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 119 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 120 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 121 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 122 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 123 Dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 124 Hokkaidō Hokkaidō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 125 Tōhoku Tōhoku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 126 Tsugaru Tsugaru NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 127 Akita Akita NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 128 Kesen Kesen NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 129 Yamagata Yamagata NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 130 Kantō Kantō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 131 Ibaraki Ibaraki NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 132 Tokyo Tokyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 133 Tōkai Tōkai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 134 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 135 Tōsan Tōsan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 136 Nagaoka Nagaoka NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 137 Nagoya Nagoya NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 138 Mikawa Mikawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 139 Mino Mino NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 140 Hida Hida NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 141 Hokuriku Hokuriku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 142 Kansai Kansai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 143 Awaji Awaji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 144 Banshū Banshū NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 145 Chūgoku Chūgoku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 146 Umpaku Umpaku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 147 Shikoku Shikoku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 148 Iyo Iyo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 149 Tosa Tosa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 150 Sanuki Sanuki NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 151 Hōnichi Hōnichi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 152 Ōita Ōita NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 153 Hichiku Hichiku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 154 Hakata Hakata NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 155 Saga Saga NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 156 Tsushima Tsushima NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 157 Satsugū Satsugū NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 158 Okinawan Okinawan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 159 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 160 Pidgins Pidgins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 161 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 162 creoles creole VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 163 Bamboo Bamboo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 164 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 165 Bonin Bonin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 166 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 167 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 168 Hawaiian Hawaiian NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 169 Creole Creole NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 170 Kanbun Kanbun NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 171 Kyowa Kyowa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 172 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 173 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 174 Pseudo Pseudo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 175 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 176 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 177 Yilan Yilan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 178 Creole Creole NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 179 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 180 Yokohama Yokohama NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 181 Pidgin Pidgin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 182 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 183 Japonic Japonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 184 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 185 Hachijō Hachijō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 186 Ryukyuan Ryukyuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 187 Amami Amami NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 188 Ōshima Ōshima NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 189 Kikai Kikai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 190 Kunigami Kunigami NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 191 Miyako Miyako NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 192 Okinawan Okinawan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 193 Okinoerabu Okinoerabu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 194 Tokunoshima Tokunoshima NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 195 Yaeyama Yaeyama NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 196 Yonaguni Yonaguni NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 197 Yoron Yoron NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 198 Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 199 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 200 Logograms Logograms NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 201 Kanbun Kanbun NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 202 Kanji Kanji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 203 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 204 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 205 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 206 stroke stroke NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 207 count count NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 208 Kanji Kanji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 209 radicals radical NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 210 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 211 frequency frequency NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 212 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 213 stroke stroke NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 214 count count NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 215 Ryakuji Ryakuji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 216 Kana Kana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 217 Hiragana Hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 218 Katakana Katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 219 Furigana Furigana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 220 Okurigana Okurigana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 221 Gojūon Gojūon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 222 Man'yōgana Man'yōgana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 223 Hentaigana Hentaigana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 224 Sōgana Sōgana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 225 Kana Kana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 226 ligature ligature VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 227 Orthography Orthography NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 228 Braille Braille NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 229 Kanji Kanji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 230 Punctuation Punctuation NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 231 Orthographic Orthographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 232 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 233 Kanazukai Kanazukai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 234 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 235 kana kana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 236 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 237 kana kana NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 238 Jōdai Jōdai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 239 Tokushu Tokushu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 240 Kanazukai Kanazukai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 241 Yotsugana Yotsugana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 242 Transcription Transcription NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 243 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 244 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 245 Encoding Encoding NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 246 EUC EUC NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 247 EUC EUC NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 248 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 249 JP JP NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 250 ISO\EIC iso\eic NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 251 2022 2022 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 252 JIS JIS NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 253 0201 0201 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 254 0208 0208 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 255 0211 0211 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 256 0212 0212 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 257 0213 0213 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 258 Shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 259 JIS JIS NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 260 Unicode Unicode NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 261 Hiragana Hiragana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 262 Kana Kana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 263 Extended Extended NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 264 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 265 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 266 Kana Kana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 267 Supplement Supplement NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 268 Small Small NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 269 Kana Kana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 270 Extension Extension NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 271 Katakana Katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 272 Katakana Katakana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 273 Phonetic Phonetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 274 Extensions Extensions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 275 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 276 ARIB arib NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 277 STD STD NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 278 B24 B24 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 279 Enclosed Enclosed NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 280 EIS EIS NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 281 Extended extend VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 282 shinjitai shinjitai JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 283 Half half NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 284 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 285 Full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 286 Grammar Grammar NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 287 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 288 vocabulary vocabulary JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 289 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 290 grammar grammar VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 291 Verb Verb NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 292 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 293 adjective adjective JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 294 conjugations conjugation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 295 Consonant consonant NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 296 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 297 vowel vowel NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 298 verbs verbs NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 299 Irregular irregular JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 300 verbs verb NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 301 Pronouns Pronouns NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 302 Adjectives adjective VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 303 Possessives possessive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 304 Particles Particles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 305 Topic topic NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 306 marker marker NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 307 Counter Counter NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 308 words word VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 309 Numerals Numerals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 310 Native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 311 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 312 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 313 yamato yamato NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 314 kotoba kotoba FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 315 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 316 Sino sino JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 317 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 318 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 319 vocabulary vocabulary NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 320 Loan loan NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 321 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 322 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 323 gairaigo gairaigo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 324 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 325 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 326 Dutch Dutch NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 327 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 328 Portuguese Portuguese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 329 Wasei Wasei NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 330 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 331 eigo eigo NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 332 Wasei Wasei NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 333 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 334 kango kango NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 335 Engrish Engrish NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 336 Honorific Honorific NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 337 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 338 Honorifics Honorifics NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 339 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 340 lady lady NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 341 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 342 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 343 nyōbō nyōbō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 344 kotoba kotoba FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 345 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 346 Gender Gender NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 347 differences difference VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 348 Dictionaries Dictionaries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 349 Phonology Phonology NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 350 Pitch Pitch NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 351 accent accent NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 352 Rendaku Rendaku NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 353 Sound Sound NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 354 symbolism symbolism NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 355 Kanji Kanji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 356 pronunciation pronunciation NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 357 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 358 Go go VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 359 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 360 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 361 Kan Kan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 362 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 363 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 364 Tō Tō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 365 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 366 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 367 Transliteration Transliteration NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 368 Romanization Romanization NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 369 Hepburn Hepburn NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 370 Nihon Nihon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 371 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 372 shiki shiki NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 373 Kunrei Kunrei NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 374 JSL JSL NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 375 Wāpuro Wāpuro NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 376 rōmaji rōmaji VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 377 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 378 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 379 Cyrillization Cyrillization NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 380 Polivanov Polivanov NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 381 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 382 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 383 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 384 Poetry Poetry NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 385 Writers Writers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 386 Speculative speculative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 387 fiction fiction NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 388 writers writer NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 389 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 390 Japanese Japanese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 391 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 392 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 393 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 394 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 395 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 396 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 397 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 398 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 399 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 400 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 401 Variants Variants NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 402 Indigenous indigenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 403 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 404 Hokkaido Hokkaido NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 405 Ainu Ainu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 406 Hachijō Hachijō NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 407 Ryukyuan Ryukyuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 408 Amami Amami NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 409 Ōshima Ōshima NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 410 Kikai Kikai NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 411 Kunigami Kunigami NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 412 Miyako Miyako NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 413 Okinawan Okinawan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 414 Okinoerabu Okinoerabu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 415 Tokunoshima Tokunoshima NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 416 Yaeyama Yaeyama NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 417 Yonaguni Yonaguni NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 418 Yoron Yoron NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 419 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 420 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 421 Indigenous indigenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 422 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 423 Portuguese portuguese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 424 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 425 Cantonese Cantonese NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 426 Hokkien Hokkien NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 427 Hoochew Hoochew NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 428 Mandarin Mandarin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 429 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 430 Russian russian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 431 Turkish turkish JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 432 Indonesian indonesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 433 Vietnamese vietnamese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 434 Zainichi Zainichi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 435 Korean Korean NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 436 Sakhalin Sakhalin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 437 Ainu Ainu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 438 † † VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 439 Kuril Kuril NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 440 Ainu Ainu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 441 Creole Creole NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 442 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 443 Bonin Bonin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 444 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 445 Sign Sign NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 446 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 447 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 448 Sign Sign NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 449 Language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 450 Amami amami NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 451 Oshima oshima NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 452 Sign Sign NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 453 Miyakubo Miyakubo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 454 Sign Sign NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 455 Authority Authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 456 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 457 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 458 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 459 cb11932171r cb11932171r NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 460 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 461 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 462 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 463 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 464 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 465 4114069 4114069 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 466 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 467 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 468 LCCN lccn NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 469 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 470 sh85069643 sh85069643 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 471 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 472 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 473 00568376 00568376 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 474 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 475 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 476 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 477 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_language&oldid=992374730 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_language&oldid=992374730 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 478 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 479 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 480 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 481 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 482 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 483 Agglutinative agglutinative JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 484 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 485 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 486 attested attest VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 487 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 488 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 489 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 490 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 491 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 492 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 493 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 494 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 495 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 496 Palau Palau NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 497 Subject Subject NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 498 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 499 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 500 – – : en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 501 verb verb JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 502 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 503 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 504 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 505 : : : en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 506 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 507 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 508 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 509 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 510 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 511 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 512 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 513 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 514 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 515 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 516 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 517 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 518 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 519 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 520 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 521 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 522 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 523 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 524 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 525 ja ja NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 526 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 527 Webarchive webarchive JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 528 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 529 wayback wayback NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 530 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 531 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 532 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 533 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 534 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 535 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 536 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 537 ja ja NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 538 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 539 Harv Harv NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 540 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 541 Sfn Sfn NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 542 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 543 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 544 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 545 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 546 Webarchive webarchive JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 547 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 548 webcite webcite NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 549 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 550 Pages Pages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 551 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 552 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 553 lacking lack VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 554 titles title NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 555 Pages Pages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 556 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 557 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 558 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 559 bare bare JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 560 URLs URLs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 561 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 562 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 563 semi semi RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 564 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 565 protected protect VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 566 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 567 vandalism vandalism NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 568 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 569 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 570 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 571 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 572 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 573 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 574 matches match VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 575 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 576 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 577 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 578 ISO iso NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 579 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 580 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 581 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 582 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 583 Languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 584 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 585 ISO ISO NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 586 639 639 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 587 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 588 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 589 code code NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 590 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 591 citing cite VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 592 Nationalencyklopedin Nationalencyklopedin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 593 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 594 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 595 hAudio hAudio NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 596 microformats microformat VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 597 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 598 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 599 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 600 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 601 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 602 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 603 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 604 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 605 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 606 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 607 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 608 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 609 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 610 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 611 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 612 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 613 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 614 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 615 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 616 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 617 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 618 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 619 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 620 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 621 Harv Harv NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 622 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 623 Sfn Sfn NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 624 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 625 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 626 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 627 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 628 Pages Pages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 629 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 630 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 631 pronunciations pronunciation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 632 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 633 lacking lack VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 634 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 635 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 636 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 637 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 638 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 639 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 640 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 641 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 642 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 643 lacking lack VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 644 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 645 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 646 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 647 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 648 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 649 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 650 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 651 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 652 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 653 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 654 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 655 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 656 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 657 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 658 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 659 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 660 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 661 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 662 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 663 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 664 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 665 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 666 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 667 weasel weasel NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 668 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 669 worded word VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 670 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 671 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 672 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 673 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 674 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 675 weasel weasel NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 676 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 677 worded word VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 678 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 679 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 680 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 681 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 682 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 683 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 684 Curlie Curlie NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 685 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 686 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 687 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 688 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 689 BNF BNF NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 690 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 691 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 692 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 693 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 694 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 695 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 696 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 697 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 698 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 699 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 700 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 701 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 702 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 703 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 704 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 705 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 706 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 707 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 708 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 709 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 710 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 711 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 712 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 713 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 714 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 715 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 716 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 717 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 718 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 719 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 720 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 721 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 722 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 723 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 724 Read read VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 725 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 726 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 727 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 728 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 729 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 730 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 731 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 732 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 733 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 734 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 735 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 736 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 737 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 738 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 739 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 740 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 741 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 742 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 743 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 744 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 745 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 746 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 747 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 748 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 749 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 750 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 751 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 752 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 753 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 754 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 755 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 756 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 757 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 758 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 759 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 760 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 761 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 762 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 763 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 764 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 765 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 766 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 767 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 768 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 769 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 770 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 771 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 772 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 773 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 774 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 775 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 776 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 777 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 778 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 779 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 780 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 781 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 782 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 783 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 784 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 785 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 786 Commons Commons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 787 Wikibooks wikibook VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 788 Wikiquote Wikiquote NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 789 Wikiversity Wikiversity NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 790 Wikivoyage Wikivoyage NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 791 Languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 792 Acèh Acèh NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 793 Адыгэбзэ Адыгэбзэ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 794 Afrikaans Afrikaans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 795 Alemannisch Alemannisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 796 አማርኛ አማርኛ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 797 Ænglisc Ænglisc NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 798 Аҧсшәа Аҧсшәа NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 799 العربية العربية NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 800 Aragonés aragonés JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 801 ܐܪܡܝܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 802 Արեւմտահայերէն Արեւմտահայերէն NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 803 Asturianu Asturianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 804 Avañe'ẽ Avañe'ẽ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 805 Azərbaycanca Azərbaycanca NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 806 تۆرکجه تۆرکجه NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 807 Basa Basa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 808 Bali Bali NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 809 বাংলা বাংলা NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 810 Banjar Banjar NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 811 Bân Bân NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 812 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 813 lâm lâm NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 814 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 815 gú gú NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 816 Basa Basa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 817 Banyumasan Banyumasan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 818 Башҡортса Башҡортса NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 819 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 820 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 821 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 822 тарашкевіца)‎ тарашкевіца)‎ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 823 भोजपुरी भोजपुरी FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 824 Bikol bikol VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 825 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 826 Български Български NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 827 Boarisch Boarisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 828 བོད་ཡིག བོད་ཡིག NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 829 Bosanski Bosanski NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 830 Brezhoneg Brezhoneg NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 831 Буряад Буряад NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 832 Català Català NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 833 Чӑвашла Чӑвашла NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 834 Cebuano Cebuano NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 835 Čeština Čeština NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 836 Cymraeg Cymraeg NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 837 Dansk Dansk NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 838 الدارجة الدارجة VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 839 Davvisámegiella Davvisámegiella NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 840 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 841 ދިވެހިބަސް ދިވެހިބަސް NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 842 Dolnoserbski Dolnoserbski NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 843 Eesti Eesti NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 844 Ελληνικά Ελληνικά NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 845 Эрзянь Эрзянь NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 846 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 847 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 848 Estremeñu Estremeñu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 849 Euskara Euskara NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 850 فارسی فارسی JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 851 Fiji Fiji NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 852 Hindi Hindi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 853 Føroyskt Føroyskt NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 854 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 855 Frysk Frysk NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 856 Gaeilge Gaeilge NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 857 Gaelg Gaelg NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 858 Gagauz Gagauz NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 859 Gàidhlig Gàidhlig NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 860 Galego Galego NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 861 ГӀалгӀай ГӀалгӀай NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 862 贛語 贛語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 863 客家語 客家語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 864 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 865 Hak Hak NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 866 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 867 kâ kâ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 868 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 869 ngî ngî NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 870 Хальмг Хальмг NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 871 한국어 한국어 NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 872 Hausa Hausa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 873 Հայերեն Հայերեն NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 874 हिन्दी हिन्दी NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 875 Hornjoserbsce Hornjoserbsce NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 876 Hrvatski Hrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 877 Ido Ido NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 878 Ilokano Ilokano NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 879 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 880 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 881 Interlingua Interlingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 882 IsiZulu IsiZulu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 883 Íslenska Íslenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 884 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 885 עברית עברית NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 886 Jawa Jawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 887 Kabɩyɛ Kabɩyɛ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 888 Kalaallisut Kalaallisut NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 889 ಕನ್ನಡ ಕನ್ನಡ XX en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 890 Kapampangan Kapampangan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 891 ქართული ქართული NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 892 Қазақша Қазақша NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 893 Kernowek Kernowek NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 894 Kinyarwanda Kinyarwanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 895 Kiswahili Kiswahili NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 896 Коми Коми NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 897 Kreyòl Kreyòl NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 898 ayisyen ayisyen NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 899 Kriyòl Kriyòl NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 900 gwiyannen gwiyannen FW en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 901 Kurdî Kurdî NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 902 Кыргызча Кыргызча NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 903 Ladin Ladin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 904 Ladino Ladino NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 905 ລາວ ລາວ VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 906 Latina Latina NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 907 Latviešu Latviešu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 908 Lëtzebuergesch Lëtzebuergesch NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 909 Лезги Лезги NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 910 Lietuvių Lietuvių NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 911 Limburgs Limburgs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 912 Lingála Lingála NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 913 Lingua Lingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 914 Franca Franca NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 915 Nova Nova NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 916 Livvinkarjala Livvinkarjala NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 917 La La NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 918 .lojban .lojban NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 649 919 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 1 Lumbaart Lumbaart NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 2 Magyar Magyar NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 3 मैथिली मैथिली CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 4 Македонски Македонски NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 5 Malagasy Malagasy NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 6 മലയാളം മലയാളം IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 7 Māori Māori NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 8 मराठी मराठी NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 9 მარგალური მარგალური NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 10 مصرى مصرى NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 11 مازِرونی مازِرونی NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 12 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 13 Melayu Melayu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 14 Minangkabau Minangkabau NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 15 Mìng Mìng NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 17 dĕ̤ng dĕ̤ng NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 19 ngṳ̄ ngṳ̄ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 20 Mirandés Mirandés NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 21 Мокшень Мокшень NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 22 Монгол Монгол NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 23 မြန်မာဘာသာ မြန်မာဘာသာ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 24 Nāhuatl Nāhuatl NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 25 Dorerin Dorerin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 26 Naoero Naoero NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 27 Nederlands Nederlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 28 Nedersaksies Nedersaksies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 29 नेपाली नेपाली NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 30 नेपाल नेपाल NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 31 भाषा भाषा VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 32 日本語 日本語 NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 33 Нохчийн Нохчийн NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 34 Nordfriisk Nordfriisk NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 35 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 36 bokmål bokmål NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 37 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 38 nynorsk nynorsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 39 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 40 Олык Олык NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 41 марий марий JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 42 ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଓଡ଼ିଆ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 43 Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 44 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 45 پنجابی پنجابی JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 46 پښتو پښتو NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 47 Patois Patois NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 48 ភាសាខ្មែរ ភាសាខ្មែរ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 49 Picard Picard NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 50 Piemontèis Piemontèis NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 51 Tok Tok NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 52 Pisin Pisin NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 53 Polski Polski NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 54 Português Português NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 55 Qaraqalpaqsha Qaraqalpaqsha NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 56 Reo Reo NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 57 tahiti tahiti NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 58 Română Română NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 59 Runa Runa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 60 Simi Simi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 61 Русиньскый Русиньскый NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 62 Русский Русский NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 63 Саха Саха NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 64 тыла тыла NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 65 Gagana Gagana NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 66 Samoa Samoa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 67 संस्कृतम् संस्कृतम् NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 68 ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 69 Sardu Sardu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 70 Scots Scots NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 71 Sesotho Sesotho NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 72 sa sa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 73 Leboa Leboa NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 74 Shqip Shqip NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 75 Sicilianu Sicilianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 76 සිංහල සිංහල NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 77 Simple Simple NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 78 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 79 Slovenčina Slovenčina NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 80 Slovenščina Slovenščina NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 81 Словѣньскъ Словѣньскъ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 82 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 83 ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 84 Ślůnski Ślůnski NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 85 Soomaaliga Soomaaliga NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 86 کوردی کوردی IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 87 Српски Српски NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 88 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 89 srpski srpski JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 90 Srpskohrvatski Srpskohrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 91 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 92 српскохрватски српскохрватски JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 93 Sunda Sunda NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 94 Suomi Suomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 95 Svenska Svenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 96 Tagalog Tagalog NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 97 தமிழ் தமிழ் , en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 98 Taqbaylit Taqbaylit NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 99 Tarandíne Tarandíne NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 100 Татарча Татарча NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 101 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 102 tatarça tatarça NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 103 తెలుగు తెలుగు NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 104 ไทย ไทย NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 105 Тоҷикӣ Тоҷикӣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 106 ತುಳು ತುಳು . en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 107 Türkçe Türkçe NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 108 Türkmençe Türkmençe NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 109 Тыва Тыва NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 110 дыл дыл NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 111 Українська Українська NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 112 اردو اردو NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 113 ئۇيغۇرچە ئۇيغۇرچە NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 114 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 115 Uyghurche Uyghurche NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 116 Vahcuengh Vahcuengh NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 117 Vèneto Vèneto NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 118 Vepsän Vepsän NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 119 kel kel NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 120 ’ ' '' en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 121 Tiếng Tiếng NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 122 Việt Việt NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 123 Volapük Volapük NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 124 Võro Võro NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 125 Walon Walon NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 126 文言 文言 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 127 Winaray Winaray NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 128 吴语 吴语 DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 129 ייִדיש ייִדיש NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 130 Yorùbá Yorùbá NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 131 粵語 粵語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 132 Zazaki Zazaki NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 133 Žemaitėška Žemaitėška NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 134 中文 中文 NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 135 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 136 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 137 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 138 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 139 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 140 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 141 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 142 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 143 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 144 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 145 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 146 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 147 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 148 22:54 22:54 CD en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 149   _SP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 150 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 151 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 152 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-8079 650 153 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 651 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 651 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 651 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 651 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 651 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 651 6 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 651 7 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 651 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 651 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-8079 651 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 651 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 651 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-8079 651 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 651 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 651 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-8079 651 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-8079 651 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 652 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 652 2 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-8079 652 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 652 4 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 652 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 652 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-8079 652 7 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-8079 652 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 652 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 652 10 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-8079 652 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 652 12 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 652 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-8079 652 14 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 652 15 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 652 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 653 1 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 653 2 ® ® NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 653 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-8079 653 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 653 5 registered registered JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 653 6 trademark trademark NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 653 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 653 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 653 9 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 653 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 653 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 653 12 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 653 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-8079 653 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-8079 653 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 653 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 653 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-8079 653 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 653 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-8079 654 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 654 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 654 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-8079 654 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 654 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-8079 654 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 654 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 654 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 654 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-8079 654 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 654 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 654 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-8079 654 13 statement statement NN