Spouse - Wikipedia Spouse From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Partner in a marriage or similar union Statue of Simon Carmiggelt and his wife Tiny by Wim Kuijl [nl] A religious marriage. A spouse is a significant other in a marriage, civil union, or common-law marriage. The term is gender neutral, whereas a male spouse is a husband and a female spouse is a wife. Although a spouse is a form of significant other, the latter term also includes non-marital partners who play a social role similar to that of a spouse, but do not have rights and duties reserved by law to a spouse. Contents 1 Legal status 2 Minimum age 3 Procreation 4 Choosing a spouse 5 See also 6 References 7 External ink Legal status[edit] Further information: Coverture and Marital power The legal status of a spouse, and the specific rights and obligations associated with that status, vary significantly among the jurisdictions of the world. These regulations are usually described in family law statutes. However, in many parts of the world, where civil marriage is not that prevalent, there is instead customary marriage, which is usually regulated informally by the community. In many parts of the world, spousal rights and obligations are related to the payment of bride price, dowry or dower. Historically, many societies have given sets of rights and obligations to male marital partners that have been very different from the sets of rights and obligations given to female marital partners. In particular, the control of marital property, inheritance rights, and the right to dictate the activities of children of the marriage, have typically been given to male marital partners. However, this practice was curtailed to a great deal in many countries in the twentieth century, and more modern statutes tend to define the rights and duties of a spouse without reference to gender. Among the last European countries to establish full gender equality in marriage were Switzerland. In 1985, a referendum guaranteed women legal equality with men within marriage.[1][2] The new reforms came into force in January 1988.[3] Greece,[4] Spain,[5] and France. Although married women in France obtained the right to work without their husbands' permission in 1965,[6] and the paternal authority of a man over his family was ended in 1970 (before that parental responsibilities belonged solely to the father who made all legal decisions concerning the children), it was only in 1985 that a legal reform abolished the stipulation that the husband had the sole power to administer the children's property.[7] in the 1980s. In various marriage laws around the world, however, the husband continues to have authority; for instance the Civil Code of Iran states at Article 1105: "In relations between husband and wife; the position of the head of the family is the exclusive right of the husband".[8] Depending on jurisdiction, the refusal or inability of a spouse to perform the marital obligations may constitute a ground for divorce, legal separation or annulment. The latter two options are more prevalent in countries where the dominant religion is Roman Catholicism, some of which introduced divorce only recently (i.e. Italy in 1970, Portugal in 1975, Brazil in 1977, Spain in 1981, Argentina in 1987,[9] Paraguay in 1991,[10] Colombia in 1991,[10][11] Ireland in 1996, Chile in 2004[12] and Malta in 2011). In recent years, many Western countries have adopted no fault divorce. In some parts of the world, the formal dissolution of a marriage is complicated by the payments and goods which have been exchanged between families (this is common where marriages are arranged). This often makes it difficult to leave a marriage, especially for the woman: in some parts of Africa, once the bride price has been paid, the wife is seen as belonging to the husband and his family; and if she wants to leave, the husband may demand back the bride price that he had paid to the girl's family. The girl's family often cannot or does not want to pay it back.[13][14][15] Regardless of legislation, personal relations between spouses may also be influenced by local culture and religion.[16] Minimum age[edit] There is often a minimum legal marriageable age. The United Nations Population Fund stated the following:[17] "In 2010, 158 countries reported that 18 years was the minimum legal age for marriage for women without parental consent or approval by a pertinent authority. However, in 146 countries, state or customary law allows girls younger than 18 to marry with the consent of parents or other authorities; in 52 countries, girls under age 15 can marry with parental consent. In contrast, 18 is the legal age for marriage without consent among males in 180 countries. Additionally, in 105 countries, boys can marry with the consent of a parent or a pertinent authority, and in 23 countries, boys under age 15 can marry with parental consent." Procreation[edit] Although in Western countries spouses sometimes choose not to have children, such a choice is not accepted in some parts of the world. In some cultures and religions, the quality of a spouse imposes an obligation to have children. In northern Ghana, for example, the payment of bride price signifies a woman's requirement to bear children, and women using birth control are at risks of threats and coercion.[18] Choosing a spouse[edit] There are many ways in which a spouse is chosen, which vary across the world, and include love marriage, arranged marriage, and forced marriage. The latter is in some jurisdictions a void marriage or a voidable marriage. Forcing someone to marry is also a criminal offense in some countries.[19] See also[edit] Look up spouse in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Bride Spousal privilege Work spouses, a pair of co-workers sharing emotional bonds similar to those in a marriage The Spouse, a poem written in 1934 by a Filipino poet, Luis G. Dato. References[edit] ^ "Switzerland profile - Timeline". May 22, 2018 – via www.bbc.com. ^ "The Long Way to Women's Right to Vote in Switzerland: a Chronology". history-switzerland.geschichte-schweiz.ch. ^ Women's movements of the world: an international directory and reference guide, edited by Sally Shreir, p. 254 ^ In 1983, legislation was passed guaranteeing equality between spouses, abolishing dowry, and ending legal discrimination against illegitimate children Demos, Vasilikie. (2007) “The Intersection of Gender, Class and Nationality and the Agency of Kytherian Greek Women.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association. August 11. ^ In 1981, Spain abolished the requirement that married women must have their husbands’ permission to initiate judicial proceedings "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-24. Retrieved 2014-08-25.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) ^ http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/explore/cmcf-vsi-women-in-france.pdf ^ "Los 7 mejores ejercicios para la TERAPIA DE PAREJA ¡Descúbrelos!". Terapia de Pareja Web. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-11. Retrieved 2017-10-23.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) ^ "Divorce Is Now Legal in Argentina but, So Far, Few Couples Have Taken the Break". Los Angeles Times. ^ a b Sex and the State: Abortion, Divorce, and the Family Under Latin. American Dictatorships and Democracies, by Mala Htun, pp 102 ^ note: divorce between 1976-1991 was allowed for non-Catholics ^ "Chile introduces right to divorce". BBC News. BBC. November 18, 2004. Retrieved 2013-11-01. ^ "Protecting the Girl Child: Using the Law to End Child, Early and Forced Marriage and Related Human Rights Violations" (PDF). equalitynow.org. 2018-05-29. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-03-11.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) ^ Stange, Mary Zeiss, and Carol K. Oyster, Jane E. Sloan (2011). Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World, Volume 1. SAGE. p. 496. ISBN 9781412976855.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) ^ "Marriage and Cultures:marriage and culture". www.bizymoms.com. Retrieved 2020-04-02. ^ United Nations Population Fund UNFPA (2012). "Marrying Too Young - End Child Marriage" (PDF). www.unfpa.org. ^ Bawah, Ayaga Agula; Akweongo, Patricia; Simmons, Ruth; Phillips, James F. (1999). "Women's fears and men's anxieties: the impact of family planning on gender relations in Northern Ghana". Studies in Family Planning. Wiley on behalf of the Population Council. 30 (1): 54–66. Pdf. ^ "Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014". legislation.gov.uk. External ink[edit] Media related to Spouses at Wikimedia Commons v t e Family History Household Nuclear family Extended family Conjugal family Immediate family Matrifocal family First-degree relatives Parent father mother Child son daughter Sibling brother sister Second-degree relatives Grandparent Grandchild Aunt Uncle Niece and nephew Third-degree relatives Great-grandparent Great-grandchild Grandniece and grandnephew Great-Uncle Great-Aunt Cousin Family-in-law Spouse wife husband Parent-in-law Sibling-in-law Child-in-law Stepfamily Stepfather Stepmother Stepchild Stepsibling Kinship terminology Kinship Australian Aboriginal kinship Adoption Affinity Consanguinity Disownment Divorce Estrangement Fictive kinship Marriage Nurture kinship Hawaiian kinship Sudanese kinship Eskimo kinship Iroquois kinship Crow kinship Omaha kinship Genealogy and lineage Bilateral descent Common ancestor Family name Heirloom Heredity Inheritance Lineal descendant Matrilineality Patrilineality Progenitor Clan Royal descent Family trees Pedigree chart Ahnentafel Genealogical numbering systems Seize quartiers Quarters of nobility Relationships Agape (parental love) Eros (marital love) Philia (brotherly love) Storge (familial love) Filial piety Polyfidelity Holidays Mother's Day U.S. Father's Day Father-Daughter Day Siblings Day National Grandparents Day Parents' Day Children's Day Family Day Canada American Family Day International Day of Families National Family Week UK National Adoption Day Related Wedding anniversary Sociology of the family Museum of Motherhood Incest Dysfunctional family Authority control GND: 4013638-3 LCCN: sh93004932 NARA: 10642309 Society portal Law portal Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spouse&oldid=991907109" Categories: Family Spouses Hidden categories: CS1 maint: archived copy as title CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Commons category link from Wikidata Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages العربية Aragonés Asturianu Brezhoneg Català Čeština Dansk Eesti Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk 한국어 Հայերեն Íslenska Latina Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本語 پنجابی Polski Română Русский Sakizaya سنڌي Српски / srpski Suomi Tagalog Winaray 吴语 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 2 December 2020, at 13:06 (UTC). 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