List of Roman and Byzantine empresses - Wikipedia List of Roman and Byzantine empresses From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Wikipedia list article See also: List of Roman emperors and List of Byzantine emperors Empress of Rome Emblem of the Roman Empire Livia, the first Empress of Rome. First empress Livia (27 BC) Last empress Maria (1439 AD) This is a list of Roman and Byzantine empresses. A Roman empress was a woman who was the wife of a Roman emperor, the ruler of the Roman Empire. The Romans had no single term for the position: Latin and Greek titles such as augusta (Greek augousta, the female form of the honorific augustus, a title derived from the name of the first emperor, Augustus), caesarissa (Greek kaisarissa, the female form of the honorific caesar, a title derived from the name of Julius Caesar), basilissa (Ancient Greek: βασίλισσα, the female form of basileus), and autokratorissa, the female form of autocrat, were all used. In the third century, augustae could also receive the titles of mater castrorum "mother of the castra" and mater patriae "mother of the fatherland". Another title of the Byzantine empresses was eusebestatē augousta, meaning "most pious augusta"; they were also called kyría κυρία, meaning "lady", or déspoina δέσποινα, the female form of δεσπότης "despot". Due to the practice of dividing the Roman empire under different emperors, there were periods when there were more than one Roman empress. All the Roman empresses are listed with some co-empresses. Not all empresses were titled augusta, and not all augustae were empresses since the emperor's sister or mistress could bear that title. Some caesarissas and despoinas that never were empresses are included, since the titles were quite similar to empress; however, in the Eastern Roman Empire these titles are often more equivalent to the modern term "crown princess". The Western Roman Empire produced no known empresses regnant, though the obscure Ulpia Severina possibly ruled in her own right for some time after the death of her husband, Aurelian. The Eastern Roman Empire had three empresses regnant: Irene of Athens, Zoë Porphyrogenita and Theodora. Contents 1 Empress consorts of the Roman Empire 1.1 27 BC–68 AD: Julio-Claudian dynasty 1.2 68–96: Year of the Four Emperors and Flavian dynasty 1.3 96–192: Nerva–Antonine dynasty 1.4 193–235: Year of the Five Emperors and Severan dynasty 1.5 235–284: Crisis of the Third Century 1.6 284–364: Tetrarchy and Constantinian dynasty 1.7 364–379: Valentinianic dynasty 1.8 379–395: Theodosian dynasty 2 Empress consorts of the Western Roman Empire 2.1 395–455: Theodosian dynasty 2.2 455–476: Non-dynastic 3 Empresses consort of the Eastern Roman Empire 3.1 395–457: Theodosian dynasty 3.2 457–518: Leonid dynasty 3.3 518–602: Justinian dynasty 3.4 602–610: Non-dynastic 3.5 610–711: Heraclian dynasty 3.6 711–717: Non-dynastic 3.7 717–802: Isaurian dynasty 3.8 802–813: Dynasty of Nikephoros I 3.9 813–820: Non-dynastic 3.10 820–867: Phrygian dynasty 3.11 867–1056: Macedonian dynasty 3.12 1057–1059: Komnenid dynasty 3.13 1059–1081: Doukid dynasty 3.14 1081–1185: Komnenid dynasty 3.15 1185–1204: Angelid dynasty 4 Empress consorts of the Eastern Roman Empire (in exile in Nicaea) 4.1 1204–1261: Laskarid dynasty 5 Empress consorts of the Eastern Roman Empire (restored) 5.1 1261–1453, restored to Constantinople: Palaiologan dynasty 6 Pretending Empress consorts of the Roman Empire 7 See also 8 Notes 9 External links Empress consorts of the Roman Empire[edit] 27 BC–68 AD: Julio-Claudian dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Empress from Empress until Death Spouse Livia (LIVIA•DRVSILLA) Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus 30 January, 58 BC 17 January. 38 BC 16 January 27 BC 19 August AD 14 AD 29 Augustus Livia Orestilla ? ? AD 37 or AD 38 few days after marriage ? Caligula Lollia Paulina Marcus Lollius ? AD 38 6 months later AD 49 Milonia Caesonia ? ? late AD 39 or early AD 40 24 January, AD 41 Hours after husband's death Messalina Marcus Valerius Messalla c. 17/20 37 or 38 24 January 41 AD AD 48, for conspiring against her husband Claudius Agrippina the Younger Germanicus (gens Julia and Claudia) 6 November AD 15 New Year's Day in AD 49 13 October AD 54 March AD 59, possibly because of her son, Nero's affairs with Poppaea Sabina Claudia Octavia Claudius (gens Claudia) Late AD 39 or early AD 40 9 June AD 53 13 October 54 1 January 61 9 June AD 62 Nero Poppaea Sabina Titus Ollius AD 30 AD 62 AD 65 Statilia Messalina ? c. AD 35 AD 66 9 June AD 68 after 68 Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 68–96: Year of the Four Emperors and Flavian dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Galeria Fundana Galerius (b. ca 15), a Praetor c. 40 c. 50 March 69 December 69 after 69 Vitellius Domitia Longina Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo c. 53 c. 70 14 September 81 18 September 96 c. 130 Domitian Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 96–192: Nerva–Antonine dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Pompeia Plotina ? ? ? 28 January 98 7 August 117 121/122 Trajan Vibia Sabina Lucius Vibius Sabinus c. 80 100 10 August 117 136 or 137 Hadrian Annia Galeria Faustina Major Marcus Annius Verus 16 February about 100 110–115 11 July 138 141 Antoninus Pius Annia Galeria Faustina Minor Antoninus Pius (Antonine) 21 September between 125 and 130 13 May 145 8 March 161 co-empress consort March 169 sole-empress consort 175 Marcus Aurelius Lucilla Marcus Aurelius (Antonine) 7 March 148 or 150 164 co-empress consort March 169 182 Lucius Verus Bruttia Crispina Gaius Bruttius Praesens 164 July of 178 July of 178 co-empress consort 18 March 180 sole empress 182 182 or 187 Commodus Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 193–235: Year of the Five Emperors and Severan dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Flavia Titiana Titus Flavius Claudius Sulpicianus ? ? 1 January 193 AD 28 March 193 after 193 Pertinax Manlia Scantilla ? ? before 153 28 March 193 1 June 193 ? Didius Julianus Julia Domna Julius Bassianus c. 160 187 14 April 193 co-empress consort February 197 sole empress April 202 senior empress-consort 4 February 211 217 Septimius Severus Publia Fulvia Plautilla Gaius Fulvius Plautianus 185/around 188/189 13 May 145 April 202 co/junior-empress consort 22 January 205 early 212 Caracalla Nonia Celsa ? ? ? 8 April 217 June 218 ? Macrinus Julia Cornelia Paula Julius Paulus Prudentissimus ? 219 late 220 ? Elagabalus Julia Aquilia Severa Quintus Aquilius ? 220 221 ? Annia Faustina Tiberius Claudius Severus Proculus ? July 221 later in 221 ? Aquilia Severa Quintus Aquilius ? 221 222 ? Sallustia Orbiana Seius Sallustius ? 225/226 227 ? Severus Alexander Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 235–284: Crisis of the Third Century[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Caecilia Paulina ? ? ? 20 March 235 235/236 Maximinus Thrax Furia Sabinia Tranquillina Timesitheus c. 225 May 241 11 February 244 aft. 244 Gordian III Marcia Otacilia Severa Otacilius Severus or Severianus ? 234 February 244 September/October 249 ? Philip the Arab Annia Cupressenia Herennia Etruscilla Unknown Etrurian senatorial family ? before 230 September/October 249 June 251 June 251 after husband Decius Afinia Gemina Baebiana ? ? ? June 251[1] August 253 ? Trebonianus Gallus Gaia Cornelia Supera ? ? ? August 253 October 253 ? Aemilianus Julia Cornelia Salonina ? ? ?243 October 253 September 268 Gallienus Ulpia Severina Ulpius Crinitus? ? ? September 270 September or October 275 ? Aurelian Magnia Urbica ? ? ? 282 Caesarissa in the West Late July/early August 283 sole-empress consort 20 November 284 in conflict with Empress Prisca 285 ? Carinus Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 284–364: Tetrarchy and Constantinian dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Prisca ? ? ? 20 November 284 in conflict with Magnia Urbica 285 sole-empress consort 1 April 286 co-empress consort in the East 1 May 305 315 Diocletian Eutropia Syrian ? around 283 21 July/25 July 285 Caesarissa 1 April 286 co-empress consort in the West Late 306 husband declared himself Augustus 1 May 305 July 310 after 325 Maximian Flavia Maximiana Theodora Flavius Afranius Hannibalianus ? 293 293 Caesarissa 1 May 305 empress consort in the West 25 July 306 ? Constantius Chlorus Galeria Valeria Diocletian ? 293 1 March/21 May 293 Caesarissa 1 May 305 empress consort in the East 5 May 311 315 Galerius Valeria Maximilla Galerius ? around 293 28 October 306 empress consort in the West 28 October 312 ? Maxentius Minervina ? ? ?[2] 25 July 306 Caesarissa before 307 ? Constantine the Great Fausta Flavia Maxima Maximian 289 307 307 Caesarissa in the West 309 husband proclaimed to be emperor April 310 accepted in the East 29 October 312 undisputed empress-consort in the West, senior-empress-consort in the empire 19 September 324 empress-consort of united empire 326 Flavia Julia Constantia Constantius Chlorus (Constantinian) after 293 313 313 empress-consort in the East 324 c. 330 Licinius Unnamed daughter of Julius Constantius [3] Julius Constantius (Constantinian dynasty) ? 335 or 336 335 or 336 Caesarissa 22 May 337 co-empress consort 350 sole empress consort 353/354 ? Constantius II Flavia Aurelia Eusebia Flavius Eusebius the Macedonian Consul, ? 353 sole empress consort 360 Faustina ? ? Winter of 360 sole-empress consort in empire 3 November 361 after 366 Helena Constantine the Great (Constantinian dynasty) November 355 Caesarissa February 360 empress consort[4] 360? Julian Charito Lucillianus ? ? 27 June 363 17 February 364 after 380 Jovian Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 364–379: Valentinianic dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Marina Severa ? ? ? c. 364 370 ? Valentinian I Justina ? c. 340 c. 370 375 c. 391 Albia Dominica Petronius c. 337 c. 354 c. 364 378 ? Valens Flavia Maxima Constantia Constans II (Constantinian) c. 361–362 c. 374 383 Gratian Laeta ? ? 383 ? Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 379–395: Theodosian dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Aelia Flavia Flaccilla ? ? 375–376 August 378 Roman empress consort in the East 385 Theodosius I Flavia Galla Valentinian I (Valentinianic) 370–375 387 Roman empress consort in the East May 15 392 sole-Roman empress consort 17 November 375 394 Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Empress consorts of the Western Roman Empire[edit] 395–455: Theodosian dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Maria Stilicho ? February 398 the Western Roman empress consort 407 Honorius Thermantia ? 408 the Western Roman empress consort c. 408 415 Aelia Galla Placidia Theodosius I (Theodosian) 392 1 January 421 8 February 421 the Western Roman empress consort 2 September 421 27 November 450 Constantius III Licinia Eudoxia Theodosius II (Theodosian) 422 29 October 437 the Western Roman empress consort 16 March 455 462 Valentinian III 17 March 455 2nd times as the Western Roman empress consort 31 May 455 Petronius Maximus Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 455–476: Non-dynastic[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Aelia Marcia Euphemia Flavius Marcianus ? 453 12 April 467 11 July 472 ? Anthemius Galla Placidia Valentiniana Minor Valentinian III (Valentinianic) 439–443 454 or 455 23 March or 11 July 472 23 October or 2 November 472 480 Olybrius Unnamed niece of Leo I ? (Leonid) ? ? June 474 25 April 480 (since 28 August 475 from Dalmatia) ? Julius Nepos Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Empresses consort of the Eastern Roman Empire[edit] 395–457: Theodosian dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Aelia Eudoxia Flavius Bauto ? 27 April 395 6 October 404 Arcadius Aelia Licinia Eudocia Leontius c. 401 7 June 421 28 July 450 20 October 460 Theodosius II Aelia Pulcheria Arcadius (Theodosian) 19 January 399 28 July 450 July 453 Marcian Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 457–518: Leonid dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Aelia Verina ? ? ? 7 February 457 18 January 474 484 Leo I Aelia Ariadne Leo I (Leonid) c. 450 466/468 9 February 474 1st time 9 January 475 515 Zeno Aelia Zenonis ? ? ? 9 January 475 August 476 476/477 Basiliscus Aelia Ariadne Leo I (Leonid) c. 450 466/468 August 476 2nd time 9 April 491 515 Zeno 20 May 491 3rd time 515 Anastasius Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 518–602: Justinian dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Euphemia ? ? 491–518 July 518 c. 524 Justin I Theodora (Θεοδώρα) Acacius c. 500 ? 1 August 527 28 June 548 Justinian I Aelia Sophia Sittas[5] c. 530 ? 14 November 565 sole empress consort 5 October 578 co-empress consort 5 October 578 after 601 Justin II Aelia Anastasia ? ? ? 7 December 574 Caesarissa September 578 co-empress consort 5 October 578 sole empress consort 14 August 582 593 Tiberius II Constantine Constantina Tiberius II Constantine (Justinian)[6] c. 560 Autumn 582 27 November 602 c. 605 Maurice Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 602–610: Non-dynastic[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Leontia ? ? ? 23 November 602 October 610 ? Phocas Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 610–711: Heraclian dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Fabia Eudokia Rogas of Africa c. 580 5 October 610 13 August 612 Heraclius Martina Martinus ? 613 sole-empress consort 629/630 senior empress-consort 11 February 641 after 641 Gregoria Niketas 610s 629/630 629/630 junior empress-consort 11 February 641 senior empress-consort May 641 ? Constantine III Fausta Valentinus (Arsacid) c. 630 642 15 September 668 after 668 Constans II Anastasia ? ? ? 668 September 685 after 711 Constantine IV Eudokia ? ? ? c. 685? c. 695? ? Justinian II Theodora of Khazaria ? ? 703 705 December 711 ? Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 711–717: Non-dynastic[edit] None 717–802: Isaurian dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Maria Tervel of Bulgaria[5] (Dulo) ? ? 25 March 717 18 June 741 ? Leo III Anna Leo III (Isaurian) c. 705 ? June 741 rival empress consort November 743 after 743 Artabasdos Irene of Khazaria Bihar ? c. 732 c. 732 co-empress consort 18 June 741 rival empress consort 2 November 743 sole empress consort c. 750 Constantine V Maria ? ? c. 750 c. 751 Eudokia ? ? c. 751 [7] 14 September 775 ? Irene Serantapechaina (Ειρήνη η Αθηναία, Eirēnē) ? (Sarantapechoi) c. 752 17 December 769 17 December 769 co-empress consort 25 March 775 sole empress consort 18 June 780 9 August 803 Leo IV Maria of Amnia ? c. 770 November 788 January 795 after 823 Constantine VI Theodote ? c. 780 September 795 c. 797 after 797 Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 802–813: Dynasty of Nikephoros I[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Theophano (Θεοφανώ) ? ? 20 December 807 807 co-empress consort 26 July 811 2 October 811 ? Staurakios Prokopia Nikephoros I c. 770 – after 813 late 8th century 2 October 811 11 July 813 after 813 Michael I Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 813–820: Non-dynastic[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Theodosia Arsaber c. 775 ? 11 July 813 25 December 820 after 826 Leo V Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 820–867: Phrygian dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Thekla Bardanes Tourkos ? before 803 25 December 820 c. 823 Michael II Euphrosyne Constantine VI (Isaurian) c. 790 c. 823 2 October 829 after 836 Theodora the Armenian (Θεοδώρα) Marinos (Mamikonian) c. 815 5 June 830 20 January 842 after 867 Theophilos Eudokia Dekapolitissa ? ? 855 23–24 September 867 ? Michael III Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 867–1056: Macedonian dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became empress Ceased to be empress Death Spouse Eudokia Ingerina[8] (Ευδοκία Ιγγερίνα) Inger c. 840 865 26 May 866 co-empress consort 24 September 867 sole-empress consort 882 Basil I Theophano (Θεοφανώ) Constantine Martiniakos ? c. 883 29 August 886 893/897 10 November 897 Leo VI Zoe Zaoutzaina Stylianos Zaoutzes ? 893/897[9] May 899 Eudokia Baïana ? ? Spring 900[7] 12 April 901 Zoe Karbonopsina (Ζωή Καρβωνοψίνα) ? ? 9 January 906[10] 11 May 912 ? Helena Lekapene Romanos I c. 910 May 919 May 919 co-empress consort 27 January 945 sole-empress consort 9 November 959 19 September 961 Constantine VII Theodora (Θεοδώρα) ? ? ? September 920 Caesarissa 17 December 920 senior co-empress consort 20 February 922 Romanos I Theophano [11] (Θεοφανώ) Anastaso c. 941 956 956 co-empress consort 9 November 959 sole-empress consort 15 March 963 1st time after 976 Romanos II August 963 2nd time 10–11 December 969 Nikephoros II Theodora the Macedonian (Θεοδώρα) Constantine VII (Macedonian) c. 946 November 971 10 January 976 ? John I Helena Alypius ? 976? 976? only empress or junior empress consort unknown, she predeceased her husband many years before he became sole emperor in 1025 ? Constantine VIII Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 1057–1059: Komnenid dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Ekaterina of Bulgaria Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria (Comitopuli dynasty) ? before 1057 5 June 1057 rival empress consort 31 August 1057 sole empress consort 22 November 1059 after 1059 Isaac I Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 1059–1081: Doukid dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Eudokia Makrembolitissa (Ευδοκία Μακρεμβολίτισσα) John Makrembolites (Makrembolites) 1021 before 1050 24 November 1059 1st time 22 May 1067 1096 Constantine X 1 January 1068 2nd time 1071 Romanos IV Irene Pegonitissa Niketas Pegonites ? ? ?around 1059? Caesarissa 1074 husband unwillingly proclaimed emperor by rebel Norman ? ? Caesar John Doukas Martha of Alania (as Maria) (Μαρία της Αλανίας) Bagrat IV of Georgia (Bagrationi) c. 1050 1065 1065 junior-empress consort 22 May 1067 co-empress consort 1071 sole-empress consort 1075 as senior empress consort 31 March 1078 after 1103 Michael VII c. 1078 10 December 1081 Nikephoros III Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 1081–1185: Komnenid dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Irene Doukaina (Ειρήνη Δούκαινα) Andronikos Doukas (Doukai) c. 1066 1078 4 April 1081 15 August 1118 19 February 1123 or 1133 Alexios I Piroska of Hungary (as Irene) Ladislaus I of Hungary (Árpád) 1088 1104 1104 co-empress consort 15 August 1118 sole-empress consort 13 August 1134 John II Dobrodeia of Kiev (as Irene) Mstislav of Kiev (Rurikids) c. 1122 c. 1122 co-empress consort 16 November 1131 Alexios Komnenos Bertha of Sulzbach (as Irene) Berengar II, Count of Sulzbach (Babenberg) 1110s after Epiphany 1146 1159 Manuel I Maria of Antioch Raymond of Antioch (Ramnulfids) 1145 24 December 1161 24 September 1180 1182 Agnes of France (as Anna) Louis VII of France (Capetian) 1171 2 March 1180 24 September 1180 October 1183 after 1204 Alexios II 1183 12 September 1185 Andronikos I Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse 1185–1204: Angelid dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Margaret of Hungary (as Maria) Béla III of Hungary (Árpád) 1175 c. 1185 12 September 1185 1st time 8 April 1195 1223 Isaac II Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera (Ευφροσύνη Δούκαινα Καματερίνα or Καματηρά) Andronikos Doukas Kamateros (Kamateroi-Doukai) c. 1155 c. 1169 8 April 1195 July 17/18 1203 1211 Alexios III Margaret of Hungary (as Maria) Béla III of Hungary (Árpád) 1175 c. 1185 July 1203 2nd time January 1204 1223 Isaac II Eudokia Angelina[12] (Ευδοκία Αγγελίνα) Alexios III (Angeloi) 1 December 1173 ?1204? 1211 Alexios V Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Empress consorts of the Eastern Roman Empire (in exile in Nicaea)[edit] Main article: List of consorts of the Byzantine successor states 1204–1261: Laskarid dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Anna Angelina Alexios III (Angeloi) c. 1176 1199 or early 1200 1204 death of brother-in-law 1205 husband proclaimed as emperor 1212 Theodore I Philippa of Armenia Ruben III of Armenia (Rubenid) 1183 24 November 1214 1216 before 1219 Marie de Courtenay Peter, Latin Emperor (Courtenay) c. 1204 1219 November 1221 September 1228 Irene Laskarina (Ειρήνη Λασκαρίνα) Theodore I (Laskaris) ? 1212 December 1221 1239 John III Anna of Hohenstaufen Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (Hohenstaufen) 1230 1244 3 November 1254 April 1307 Elena Asenina of Bulgaria Ivan II of Bulgaria (Asen) ? 1235 4 November 1254 husband proclaimed as emperor 1255 husband crowned as emperor 1 January 1259 as co-empress 18 August 1258 ? Theodore II Empress consorts of the Eastern Roman Empire (restored)[edit] 1261–1453, restored to Constantinople: Palaiologan dynasty[edit] Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Theodora Palaiologina Ioannes Doukas Vatatzes (Vatatzes) c. 1240 1253 1 January 1259 co-empress consort of Nicaea 18 August 1258 sole-empress consort of Nicaea 25 July 1261 empress consort, restored to Constantinople 8 November 1273 senior empress consort 1281 only empress consort 11 December 1282 4 March 1303 Michael VIII Anna of Hungary Stephen V of Hungary (Árpád) c. 1260 8 November 1273 co-empress consort 1281/1282 Andronikos II Irene of Montferrat William VII, Marquess of Montferrat (Aleramici) 1274 1284 sole empress consort 16 January 1294 senior empress consort 1317 Maria of Armenia Leo III of Armenia (Hetoumids) 10/11 January 1278 c. 1285 16 January 1294 junior empress consort 1317 only empress consort 12 October 1320 July 1333 Michael IX Irene of Brunswick Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Welf) c. 1293 March 1318 March 1318 co-empress consort July 1321 rival empress consort 16–17 August 1324 Andronikos III Anna of Savoy Amadeus V, Count of Savoy (Savoy) 1306 October 1326 October 1326 rival empress consort 24 May 1328 sole empress consort 15 June 1341 1359 Irene Asanina Andronikos Asen (Asen) c. 1300 before 1320 26 October 1341 rival empress consort 8 February 1347 co-empress consort 4 December 1354 1363–1379 John VI Helena Kantakouzene John VI (Kantakouzenoi) 1333 28 May/29 May 1347 28 May/29 May 1347 co-empress consort 1352 rival empress consort 4 December 1354 senior empress consort 12 August 1376 10 December 1396 John V Irene Palaiologina Demetrios Palaiologos (Palaiologoi) 1327 1340 15 April 1353 co-empress consort 4 December 1354 rival empress consort 1357 Matthew Kantakouzenos Maria of Bulgaria Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria (Shishman) 1348 after 17 August 1355 after 17 August 1355 co-empress consort 12 August 1376 senior empress consort 1 July 1379 1390 Andronikos IV Helena Kantakouzene John VI (Kantakouzenoi) 1333 28 May/29 May 1347 1 July 1379 senior empress consort, husband restored 14 April 1390 only empress 17 September 1390 senior empress consort, husband restored 16 February 1391 10 December 1396 John V Helena Dragaš Constantine Dragaš (Dragaš) c. 1372 10 February 1392 senior empress consort 21 July 1425 23 May 1450 Manuel II Irene Gattilusio Francesco II of Lesbos (Gattilusio) 1384 before 1397 co-empress consort 22 September 1408 1 June 1440 John VII Anna of Moscow Vasili I of Moscow (Rurikid) 1393 c. 1411 1416 Despoina and shortly after co-empress consort August 1417 John VIII Sophia Palaiologina of Montferrat Theodore II, Marquess of Montferrat (Palaiologoi) 1396 19 January 1421 19 January 1421 co-empress consort 21 July 1425 sole-empress consort August 1426 21 August 1434 Maria Megale Komnene Alexios IV of Trebizond (Megalokomnenoi) ? September 1427[7] 17 December 1439 Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Empress Ceased to be Empress Death Spouse Pretending Empress consorts of the Roman Empire[edit] Main article: List of consorts of the Byzantine successor states The Western Roman Empire met its end in 476 and the Eastern Roman Empire in 1453. Although others continued to claim similar titles after the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 – e.g. Holy Roman Empresses (as heirs of the Western Empire) or Russian Tsaritsas and Empresses (as the Empresses of the Third Rome) – the last reigning Empress consort of the Eastern Roman Empire of Constantinople was Maria of Trebizond. The last Palaiologan pretender, Andreas Palaiologos, sold his right to the imperial succession to Charles VIII of France, but he also willed the imperial titles to Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castille, and so in a sense either the French queens or the Spanish queens have been the titular Empresses of the Eastern Roman Empire since the 15th century. Another Palaiologian, Manuel Palaiologos, sold his right of succession to Ottoman Sultan Bayazid II (the Ottoman sultans already claim to be the Kaizer-i Rum or Roman emperors); but since there is no such thing as a sultaness because the Ottomans practiced polygamy, there are no Ottoman consorts. Other possible pretenders may be the former Queens of Greece because the Greek monarchy was mainly created in 1832 to be the successor of the Byzantine Empire. The former Queens of Italy could be another claimant since their husband's were one of the only European monarchs to effectively hold the city of Rome, the seat of the Roman Empire since its beginning. Neither the Empresses of Russia, the Queens of France, the Queens of Spain, the Queens of Italy or the Queens of the Hellenes claimed any sort of Roman titles and the claimants that clearly made the most point by using the word Roman in their title, the Holy Roman Empresses and the Queens of the Romans, ceased their claim upon the dissolution the empire in 1806. Currently the consorts of five of these states are pretenders in their own countries, themselves, and the current Queen of Spain claims no Roman titles. The status of the current pretenders to the Byzantine successor states of Trebizond, Epirus, and Nicaea are unclear much less their spouses; the despots of Morea became the Byzantine emperors (in exile) in 1453. Along with the current Pretending Latin emperor, the pretenders of the crusader and client states within the Latin Empire are also unclear. See also[edit] Roman Empire portal Byzantine Empire portal List of Augustae List of Russian consorts List of Latin Empresses of Constantinople List of Greek royal consorts Notes[edit] ^ never titled ^ her status as a concumbine or wife is unknown ^ Mentioned in "Letter To The Senate And People of Athens" by Julian ^ not known if she live to see this ^ a b historical theory ^ adoptive ^ a b c Third marriages are the last permitted according to the rules of Orthodox Church, but are highly disapproved by the Church. ^ formerly mistress of Michael III ^ There is a contradiction on Zoe Zaoutzaina's particular status 893–897. According to Symeon, the marriage of Leo VI to Theophano was officially void, allowing Leo and Zoe to marry within the year. According to Theophanes, the original marriage was still valid and Zoe remained the royal mistress. Theophano died in her monastery on 10 November 897. According to Theophanes, Leo and Zoe proceeded to marry at this point. Both Symeon and Theophanes agree that Zoe was only crowned Augusta following the death of her predecessor. ^ Fourth marriages are uncanonical in the eyes of the Orthodox Church. ^ Lover of future Emperor John I ^ Sometimes she is not considered the last Byzantine Empress consort before the Fourth Crusader because of the unknown date of her marriage. External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Roman empresses and Byzantine empresses. v t e Byzantine Empire topics History Preceding Roman Empire Dominate Early (330–717) Constantinian–Valentinianic era Constantinian dynasty Valentinianic dynasty Theodosian era Leonid era Justinian era Heraclian era "Byzantine Dark Ages" Twenty Years' Anarchy Middle (717–1204) Isaurian era Nikephorian era Amorian era Macedonian era Doukid era Komnenian era Angelid era Late (1204–1453) Sack of Constantinople Fourth Crusade Frankokratia Latin Empire Byzantine successor states (Nicaea / Epirus–Thessalonica / Morea / Trebizond) Palaiologan era Decline of the Byzantine Empire Fall of Constantinople By modern region or territory Albania Anatolia Armenia Bulgaria Corsica Crete Cyprus Dalmatia Egypt Greece Italy Sardinia Sicily Maghreb Malta Mesopotamia Serbia Spain (Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands) Syria Thrace Governance Central Emperors Coronation Family tree Empresses Imperial bureaucracy Medieval Greek Senate Early Praetorian prefects Magister officiorum Comes sacrarum largitionum Comes rerum privatarum Quaestor sacri palatii Middle Logothetes tou dromou Sakellarios Logothetes tou genikou Logothetes tou stratiotikou Chartoularios tou sakelliou Chartoularios tou vestiariou Epi tou eidikou Protasekretis Epi ton deeseon Late Megas logothetes Mesazon Provincial Early Praetorian prefectures Dioceses Provinces Quaestura exercitus Exarchate of Ravenna Exarchate of Africa Middle Themata Kleisourai Bandon Catepanates Late Kephale Despotates Diplomacy Treaties Diplomats Roman–Iranian relations Military Army Battle tactics Battles Generals Mercenaries Military manuals Military units Revolts Wars Early Late Roman army East Roman army Foederati Bucellarii Scholae Palatinae Excubitors Middle Themata Kleisourai Tourma Droungos Bandon Tagmata Domestic of the Schools Hetaireia Akritai Varangian Guard Late Komnenian army Pronoia Vestiaritai Palaiologan army Allagion Paramonai Grand domestic Navy Karabisianoi Maritime themata Cibyrrhaeot Aegean Sea Samos Dromon Greek fire Droungarios of the Fleet Megas doux Admirals Naval battles Religion and law Religion Eastern Orthodoxy Byzantine Rite Hesychasm Patriarchate of Constantinople Saints Oriental Orthodoxy Alexandrian Rite Armenian Rite West Syriac Rite Miaphysitism Ecumenical councils Arianism Monophysitism Paulicianism Iconoclasm Great Schism Bogomilism Mount Athos Missionary activity Bulgaria Moravia Serbs Kievan Rus' Jews Law Codex Theodosianus Corpus Juris Civilis Code of Justinian Ecloga Basilika Hexabiblos Mutilation Culture and society Architecture Secular Sacred Cross-in-square Domes Constantinople Basilica Cistern Baths of Zeuxippus Blachernae Palace Chora Church City Walls Great Palace of Constantinople Hagia Irene Hagia Sophia Hippodrome Pammakaristos Church Prison of Anemas Thessalonica Arch of Galerius and Rotunda Byzantine Bath Hagia Sophia Hagios Demetrios Panagia Chalkeon Walls of Thessaloniki Ravenna San Vitale Sant'Apollinare in Classe Sant'Apollinare Nuovo Other locations Daphni Monastery Hosios Loukas Nea Moni of Chios Panagia Gorgoepikoos Saint Catherine's Monastery Mystras Art Icons Enamel Glass Mosaics Early Byzantine mosaics Painters Macedonian period art Komnenian renaissance Economy Agriculture Coinage Mints Trade silk Silk Road Varangians Dynatoi Literature Novel Acritic songs Digenes Akritas Alexander Romance Historians Everyday life Calendar Cities Cuisine Dance Dress Flags and insignia Gardens Music Lyra Octoechos People Byzantine Greeks Women Slavery Units of measurement Science Learning Encyclopedias Imperial Library Inventions Medicine Philosophy Rhetoric Scholars University University of Constantinople Impact Byzantine commonwealth Byzantine studies Museums Byzantinism Cyrillic script Neo-Byzantine architecture Greek scholars in the Renaissance Third Rome Megali Idea Byzantine Empire portal v t e Roman and Byzantine emperors and ruling empresses Principate 27 BC – AD 235 Augustus Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero Galba Otho Vitellius Vespasian Titus Domitian Nerva Trajan Hadrian Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius Lucius Verus Commodus Pertinax Didius Julianus (Pescennius Niger) (Clodius Albinus) Septimius Severus Caracalla Geta Macrinus Diadumenian Elagabalus Severus Alexander Crisis 235–285 Maximinus Thrax Gordian I Gordian II Pupienus Balbinus Gordian III Philip the Arab Philip II Decius Herennius Etruscus Hostilian Trebonianus Gallus Volusianus Aemilianus Valerian Gallienus Saloninus Claudius Gothicus Quintillus Aurelian Ulpia Severina Tacitus Florian Probus Carus Carinus Numerian Gallic emperors Postumus (Laelianus) Marius Victorinus (Domitianus II) Tetricus I with Tetricus II as caesar Palmyrene emperors Vaballathus Zenobia Septimius Antiochus Dominate 284–395 Diocletian Maximian Galerius Constantius I Severus Constantine the Great Maxentius Licinius Maximinus Daza (Valerius Valens) (Martinian) Constantine II Constantius II Constans I Magnentius Vetranio Julian Jovian Valentinian I (west) Valens (east) Gratian (west) Valentinian II (west) Theodosius I Magnus Maximus Victor (Eugenius) Western Empire 395–480 Honorius Constantine III with son Constans II Constantius III Joannes Valentinian III Petronius Maximus Avitus Majorian Libius Severus Anthemius Olybrius Glycerius Julius Nepos Romulus Augustulus Eastern/ Byzantine Empire 395–1204 Arcadius Theodosius II Marcian Leo I Leo II Zeno Basiliscus Marcus Anastasius I Dicorus Justin I Justinian I Justin II Tiberius II Constantine Maurice with son Theodosius as co-emperor Phocas Heraclius Constantine III Heraklonas Constans II Constantine IV with brothers Heraclius and Tiberius and then Justinian II as co-emperors Justinian II (first reign) Leontios Tiberius III Justinian II (second reign) with son Tiberius as co-emperor Philippikos Anastasios II Theodosius III Leo III the Isaurian Constantine V Artabasdos Leo IV the Khazar Constantine VI Irene Nikephoros I Staurakios Michael I Rangabe with son Theophylact as co-emperor Leo V the Armenian with Symbatios-Constantine as junior emperor Michael II the Amorian Theophilos Michael III Basil I the Macedonian Leo VI the Wise Alexander Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos Romanos I Lekapenos with sons Christopher, Stephen and Constantine as junior co-emperors Romanos II Nikephoros II Phokas John I Tzimiskes Basil II Constantine VIII Zoë (first reign) and Romanos III Argyros Zoë (first reign) and Michael IV the Paphlagonian Michael V Kalaphates Zoë (second reign) with Theodora Zoë (second reign) and Constantine IX Monomachos Constantine IX Monomachos (sole emperor) Theodora Michael VI Bringas Isaac I Komnenos Constantine X Doukas Romanos IV Diogenes Michael VII Doukas with brothers Andronikos and Konstantios and son Constantine Nikephoros III Botaneiates Alexios I Komnenos John II Komnenos with Alexios Komnenos as co-emperor Manuel I Komnenos Alexios II Komnenos Andronikos I Komnenos with John Komnenos as co-emperor Isaac II Angelos Alexios III Angelos Alexios IV Angelos Nicholas Kanabos (chosen by the Senate) Alexios V Doukas Empire of Nicaea 1204–1261 Constantine Laskaris Theodore I Laskaris John III Doukas Vatatzes Theodore II Laskaris John IV Laskaris Byzantine Empire 1261–1453 Michael VIII Palaiologos Andronikos II Palaiologos with Michael IX Palaiologos as co-emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos John V Palaiologos John VI Kantakouzenos with John V Palaiologos and Matthew Kantakouzenos as co-emperors John V Palaiologos Andronikos IV Palaiologos John VII Palaiologos Andronikos V Palaiologos Manuel II Palaiologos John VIII Palaiologos Constantine XI Palaiologos Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, while underlining indicates a usurper. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Roman_and_Byzantine_empresses&oldid=1024796792" Categories: Roman empresses Byzantine empresses Byzantine Empire-related lists Lists of Roman women Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Use dmy dates from April 2019 Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages Български Bosanski Deutsch Español Français Italiano Português Română Русский Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Türkçe Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 24 May 2021, at 04:01 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Mobile view Developers Statistics Cookie statement