Diogenes of Babylon - Wikipedia Diogenes of Babylon From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search For the Epicurean philosopher, also from Seleucia, see Diogenes of Seleucia. Diogenes of Babylon (also known as Diogenes of Seleucia; Greek: Διογένης Βαβυλώνιος; Latin: Diogenes Babylonius; c. 230 – c. 150/140 BC[1]) was a Stoic philosopher. He was the head of the Stoic school in Athens, and he was one of three philosophers sent to Rome in 155 BC. He wrote many works, but none of his writings survived, except as quotations by later writers. Contents 1 Life 2 Works 2.1 On Music 3 Notes 4 References Life[edit] Born in Seleucia on the Tigris in Babylonia, Diogenes was educated at Athens under the auspices of Chrysippus and succeeded Zeno of Tarsus as head (scholarch) of the Stoic school there in the 2nd century BC. Among his pupils were Panaetius and Antipater of Tarsus who succeeded him as scholarch. He seems to have closely followed the views of Chrysippus, especially on dialectic, in which he is said to have instructed Carneades.[2] Together with Carneades and Critolaus, he was sent to Rome to appeal a fine of five hundred talents imposed on Athens in 155 BC for the sack of Oropus. They delivered their epideictic speeches first in numerous private assemblies, then in the Senate. Diogenes pleased his audience chiefly by his sober and temperate mode of speaking.[3] Cicero speaks of him as deceased by 150 BC,[4] and since Lucian claims that he died at the age of 80,[5] he must have been born around 230 BC. There is some evidence, however, that he may have lived to around 140 BC.[6] Works[edit] Cicero calls Diogenes "a great and important Stoic".[7] In the works of the Epicurean philosopher Philodemus found in carbonized papyrus rolls recovered from the ruins of the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum, Diogenes is discussed more frequently than any philosopher besides Epicurus himself.[8] He was the author of several works, of which, however, little more than the titles is known: Διαλεκτικὴ τέχνη – Dialectic Art.[9] On Divination.[10] On Athena.[11] Περὶ τοῦ τῆς ψυχῆς ἡγεμονικοῦ – On the Ruling Faculty of the Soul.[12] Περὶ φωνῆς – On Speaking.[13] Περὶ εὐγενείας – Οn Noble Βirth.[14] Περὶ νόμων – On Laws.[15] In addition, it appears from Philodemus that he wrote extensive works On Music and On Rhetoric.[16] Some aspects of his views on these two subjects are recoverable from the critical remarks to be found in Philodemus' works on these two subjects.[16] There are several passages in Cicero from which we may infer that Diogenes wrote on other subjects also, such as duty, the highest good, and the like.[17] On Music[edit] The opinions of Diogenes on music are known through the fragmentary treatise by Philodemus, On Music, which discusses the views of Diogenes.[18] According to Philodemus, Diogenes held that music not only can calm the emotions, but that listening to music can produce harmony and proportion in the soul.[18] Diogenes believed that just as diet and exercise can produce a healthy body, so that music can bring health to the mind and can treat psychological illnesses.[18] Music naturally pushes one to action.[19] Diogenes uses the example of the trumpet, or similar military instrument, which can stir the soldier to bravery.[19] Music is thus an art which leads to virtue.[19] Notes[edit] ^ Dorandi 1999, pp. 50–51. ^ Cicero, Academica, ii. 30; De Oratore, ii. 38 ^ Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights, vii. 14; Cicero, Academica, ii. 45 ^ Cicero, De Senectute, 23 ^ Lucian, Macrobii, 20 ^ "[the traditional] chronology clashes with the dates for Mnesarchus and Dardanus and with the crucial events in the life of Antiochus of Ascalon. The date of Diogenes' death can reasonably be put forward at least a decade, to around 140" (Dorandi 1999, p. 41) ^ Cicero, De Officiis, iii. 12 ^ Obbink 2004, pp. 73–84. ^ Laërtius 1925, § 51. ^ De divinatione: Latin title given in Cicero, De Divinatione, i. 3, ii. 43 ^ De Minerva: Latin title given in Cicero, De Natura Deorum, i. 15 ^ Galen.[full citation needed] ^ Laërtius 1925, § 55. ^ Athenaeus, iv. 168 ^ In several books, the first of which is quoted in Athenaeus, xii.; cf. Cicero, De Legibus iii. 5, where "Dio" is a false reading for "Diogenes" ^ a b Easterling & Knox 1989, pp. 195–196. ^ Cicero, De Officiis, iii. 12, 13, 23; De Finibus, iii. 10, 15 ^ a b c Scade 2017, p. 201 ^ a b c Delattre 2004, p. 254 References[edit] Delattre, Daniel (2004), "Vergil and Music, in Diogenes of Babylon and Philodemus", in Armstrong, David; Fish, Jeffrey; Johnston, Patricia A.; Skinner, Marilyn B. (eds.), Vergil, Philodemus, and the Augustans, University of Texas Press, p. 247, ISBN 0-292-70181-0 Dorandi, Tiziano (1999). "Chapter 2: Chronology". In Algra, Keimpe; et al. (eds.). The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 41, 50–51. ISBN 9780521250283. Easterling, P. E.; Knox, Bernard (1989). The Cambridge History of Classical Literature: Part 3. Cambridge University Press. pp. 195–196.   Laërtius, Diogenes (1925). "The Stoics: Zeno" . Lives of the Eminent Philosophers. 2:7. Translated by Hicks, Robert Drew (Two volume ed.). Loeb Classical Library. § 51, 55. Obbink, D. (2004). "Craft, Cult, and Canon in the Books from Herculaneum". Philodemus and the New Testament World. Leiden: Brill. pp. 73–84. Scade, Paul (2017), "Music and the Soul in Stoicism", in Seaford, Richard; Wilkins, John; Wright, Matthew (eds.), Selfhood and the Soul, Oxford University Press, p. 201, ISBN 978-0-19-877725-0 Attribution:  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:  Schmitz, Leonhard (1870). "Diogenes (3. Surnamed the Babylonian)". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. 1. p. 1020. Preceded by Zeno of Tarsus Leader of the Stoic school ? – 145 BC Succeeded by Antipater of Tarsus v t e Stoicism Philosophers Early Zeno of Citium Persaeus Aristo Sphaerus Herillus Cleanthes Chrysippus Zeno of Tarsus Crates of Mallus Diogenes of Babylon Dioscorides Zenodotus Dionysius of Cyrene Apollodorus Antipater of Tarsus Middle Panaetius Dardanus Mnesarchus Hecato Posidonius Diodotus Diotimus Geminus Antipater of Tyre Athenodorus Cananites Late Seneca Cornutus Musonius Rufus Euphrates Cleomedes Epictetus Hierocles Junius Rusticus Marcus Aurelius Chaeremon Mara bar Serapion Philosophy Stoicism categories logic passions physics Neostoicism Modern Stoicism Concepts Adiaphora Apatheia Ataraxia Ekpyrosis Eudaimonia Katalepsis Kathekon Logos Oikeiôsis Pneuma Prohairesis Sophos Works Epictetus Discourses Enchiridion Marcus Aurelius Meditations Seneca Letters to Lucilius Essays: Anger Benefits Clemency Constancy Happiness Leisure Providence Shortness of Life Tranquillity Consolations Other Lectures (Musonius Rufus) On Passions (Chrysippus) Republic (Zeno) Related articles Paradoxa Stoicorum Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta Stoic Opposition Moral intellectualism Authority control General Integrated Authority File ISNI 1 VIAF 1 WorldCat Other SUDOC (France) 1 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diogenes_of_Babylon&oldid=1025250398" Categories: 140s BC deaths 2nd-century BC philosophers Ambassadors to ancient Rome Hellenistic-era philosophers from Asia Hellenistic-era philosophers in Athens Stoic philosophers Hidden categories: All articles with incomplete citations Articles with incomplete citations from October 2014 Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text Articles containing Latin-language text Wikipedia articles incorporating the template Lives of the Eminent Philosophers Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the DGRBM Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the DGRBM without a Wikisource reference Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the DGRBM Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Year of birth unknown Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages العربية Български Català Čeština Deutsch Español Euskara Français Hrvatski Italiano Latina مصرى Nederlands Polski Português Русский Slovenčina Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 26 May 2021, at 15:14 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Mobile view Developers Statistics Cookie statement