Portal:Philosophy - Wikipedia Portal:Philosophy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Portal maintenance status: (June 2018) This portal's subpages should be checked. Subpages that are no longer needed should be reported here. Please take care when editing, especially if using automated editing software. Learn how to update the maintenance information here. Wikipedia portal for content related to Philosophy Portal topics Activities Culture Geography Health History Mathematics Nature People Philosophy Religion Society Technology Random portal The Philosophy Portal a portal for Wikipedia's philosophy resources, 17,765 articles in English. Article · Category · Glossary · Outline · WikiProject Categories · Featured content · A–Z index Introduction to Philosophy The Thinker, a statue by Auguste Rodin, is often used to represent philosophy. Philosophy (from Greek: φιλοσοφία, philosophia, 'love of wisdom') is the study of general and fundamental questions, such as those about existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. Such questions are often posed as problems to be studied or resolved. Some sources claim the term was coined by Pythagoras (c. 570 – c. 495 BCE), others dispute this story, arguing that Pythagoreans merely claimed use of a preexisting term. Philosophical methods include questioning, critical discussion, rational argument, and systematic presentation. Historically, philosophy encompassed all bodies of knowledge and a practitioner was known as a philosopher. From the time of Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle to the 19th century, "natural philosophy" encompassed astronomy, medicine, and physics. For example, Newton's 1687 Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy later became classified as a book of physics. In the 19th century, the growth of modern research universities led academic philosophy and other disciplines to professionalize and specialize. Since then, various areas of investigation that were traditionally part of philosophy have become separate academic disciplines, such as psychology, sociology, linguistics, and economics. Today, major subfields of academic philosophy include metaphysics, which is concerned with the fundamental nature of existence and reality; epistemology, which studies the nature of knowledge and belief; ethics, which is concerned with moral value; and logic, which studies the rules of inference that allow one to derive conclusions from true premises. Other notable subfields include philosophy of science, political philosophy, aesthetics, philosophy of language, and philosophy of mind. ( Read More) Good article - show another This is a Good article, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards. Buddhaghosa with three copies of Visuddhimagga, Kelaniya Raja Maha Vihara Buddhaghosa was a 5th-century Indian Theravada Buddhist commentator, translator and philosopher. He worked in the Great Monastery (Mahāvihāra) at Anurādhapura, Sri Lanka and saw himself as being part of the Vibhajjavāda school and in the lineage of the Sinhalese Mahāvihāra. His best-known work is the Visuddhimagga ("Path of Purification"), a comprehensive summary of older Sinhala commentaries on Theravada teachings and practices. According to Sarah Shaw, in Theravada this systematic work is "the principal text on the subject of meditation." The interpretations provided by Buddhaghosa have generally constituted the orthodox understanding of Theravada scriptures since at least the 12th century CE. (Full article...) List of Good articles Philosophy of science Ontological argument Agnosticism Proof of the Truthful Eliminative materialism Power: A New Social Analysis Hypatia I Ching Teleology in biology Karma in Jainism Swami Vivekananda Kantian ethics Sri Aurobindo Howard Adelman Noam Chomsky Either/Or Manilal Dwivedi Florian Znaniecki Emanuel Lasker Dynamics of the celestial spheres Maitreyi Lucian Anarchism Stoicism Divine command theory Gary Varner From Bakunin to Lacan Selected article of the week Archimedes of Syracuse (/ˌɑːrkɪˈmiːdiːz/; Ancient Greek: Ἀρχιμήδης; Doric Greek: [ar.kʰi.mɛː.dɛ̂ːs]; c. 287 – c. 212 BC) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity. Considered to be the greatest mathematician of ancient history, and one of the greatest of all time, Archimedes anticipated modern calculus and analysis by applying the concept of the infinitely small and the method of exhaustion to derive and rigorously prove a range of geometrical theorems, including: the area of a circle; the surface area and volume of a sphere; area of an ellipse; the area under a parabola; the volume of a segment of a paraboloid of revolution; the volume of a segment of a hyperboloid of revolution; and the area of a spiral. His other mathematical achievements include deriving an accurate approximation of pi; defining and investigating the spiral that now bears his name; and creating a system using exponentiation for expressing very large numbers. He was also one of the first to apply mathematics to physical phenomena, founding hydrostatics and statics, including an explanation of the principle of the lever. He is credited with designing innovative machines, such as his screw pump, compound pulleys, and defensive war machines to protect his native Syracuse from invasion. (Full article...) Archive Read more... Academic Branches of Philosophy Philosophy ponders the most fundamental questions humankind has been able to ask. These are increasingly numerous and over time they have been arranged into the overlapping branches of the philosophy tree: Aesthetics: What is art? What is beauty? Is there a standard of taste? Is art meaningful? If so, what does it mean? What is good art? Is art for the purpose of an end, or is "art for art's sake?" What connects us to art? How does art affect us? Is some art unethical? Can art corrupt or elevate societies? Epistemology: What are the nature and limits of knowledge? What is more fundamental to human existence, knowing (epistemology) or being (ontology)? How do we come to know what we know? What are the limits and scope of knowledge? How can we know that there are other minds (if we can)? How can we know that there is an external world (if we can)? How can we prove our answers? What is a true statement? Ethics: Is there a difference between ethically right and wrong actions (or values, or institutions)? If so, what is that difference? Which actions are right, and which wrong? Do divine commands make right acts right, or is their rightness based on something else? Are there standards of rightness that are absolute, or are all such standards relative to particular cultures? How should I live? What is happiness? Logic: What makes a good argument? How can I think critically about complicated arguments? What makes for good thinking? When can I say that something just does not make sense? Where is the origin of logic? Metaphysics: What sorts of things exist? What is the nature of those things? Do some things exist independently of our perception? What is the nature of space and time? What is the relationship of the mind to the body? What is it to be a person? What is it to be conscious? Do gods exist? Political philosophy: Are political institutions and their exercise of power justified? What is justice? Is there a 'proper' role and scope of government? Is democracy the best form of governance? Is governance ethically justifiable? Should a state be allowed? Should a state be able to promote the norms and values of a certain moral or religious doctrine? Are states allowed to go to war? Do states have duties against inhabitants of other states? List articles Index of philosophy List of philosophers List of philosophical concepts List of philosophical theories List of philosophy journals List of philosophy anniversaries Index of aesthetics articles Index of epistemology articles Index of ethics articles Index of logic articles Index of metaphysics articles Index of social and political philosophy articles Index of philosophy of law articles Index of philosophy of language articles Index of philosophy of mind articles Index of philosophy of religion articles Index of philosophy of science articles Index of ancient philosophy articles Index of medieval philosophy articles Index of modern philosophy articles Index of contemporary philosophy articles Lists of anarchism topics Index of analytic philosophy articles Index of continental philosophy articles Index of Eastern philosophy articles List of aestheticians List of analytic philosophers List of anarchist theorists List of ancient Platonists List of contributors to Marxist theory List of critical theorists List of Eastern philosophers List of ethicists List of epistemologists List of female philosophers List of logicians List of metaphysicians List of political philosophers List of scholastic philosophers List of social and political philosophers List of thinkers influenced by deconstruction Categories Major categories: Philosophy Philosophers Philosophical concepts Philosophical theories Philosophical literature Types of pages: Philosophy-related lists Philosophy portals Philosophy images Philosophy stubs Philosophy and thinking templates Sorted content: Philosophy by period Philosophy by field Philosophy by region Branches of philosophy Aesthetics Epistemology Ethics Logic Metaphysics Social philosophy History of philosophy Ancient philosophy Medieval philosophy Modern philosophy Contemporary philosophy Philosophy and culture Philosophy awards Philosophy events Philosophy organizations Selected philosopher of the week Karl Marx (1818-1883) Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818 Trier, Germany – March 14, 1883 London) was an immensely influential German philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary organizer of the International Workingmen's Association. While Marx addressed a wide range of issues, he is most famous for his analysis of history in terms of class struggles, summed up in the opening line of the introduction to the Communist Manifesto: "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle." Marx's thought was strongly influenced by: The dialectical method and historical orientation of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel; The classical political economy of Adam Smith and David Ricardo; French socialist and sociological thought, in particular the thought of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Marx believed that he could study history and society scientifically and discern tendencies of history and the resulting outcome of social conflicts. Some followers of Marx concluded, therefore, that a communist revolution is inevitable. However, Marx famously asserted in the eleventh of his Theses on Feuerbach that "philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point however is to change it", and he clearly dedicated himself to trying to alter the world. Consequently, most followers of Marx are not fatalists, but activists who believe that revolutionaries must organize social change. ...Archive Read more... Related Academic Fields Agricultural philosophy Axiology Ecosophy Environmental philosophy Hermeneutics History of philosophy Jurisprudence Meta-ethics Metalogic Metaphilosophy Neurophilosophy Phenomenology Philosophical anthropology Philosophy and literature Philosophy of artificial intelligence Philosophy of biology Philosophy of business Philosophy of chemistry Philosophy of copyright Philosophy of design Philosophy of economics Philosophy of education Philosophy of engineering Philosophy of film Philosophy of geography Philosophy of healthcare Philosophy of history Philosophy of information Philosophy of language Philosophy of life Philosophy of logic Philosophy of love Philosophy of mathematics Philosophy of mathematics education Philosophy of mind Philosophy of music Philosophy of perception Philosophy of physics Philosophy of probability Philosophy of psychology Philosophy of religion Philosophy of science Philosophy of sex Philosophy of social science Philosophy of space and time Philosophy of statistics Philosophy of technology Philosophy of thermal and statistical physics Philosophy of war Praxeology Miscellaneous Wikipedia Philosophy Resources Central Φ Discussion Recent Changes to Φ Articles Philosophy Categories Project_Structure Philosophy Style Guide New Φ Articles Most Popular Articles Philosophy Reference Resources Requested Φ Articles Requests For Comment Humanities Reference Desk Featured Φ Articles Φ Hall of Fame Φ Pages Needing Attention Φ Articles Proposed For Deletion Φ Cleanup Listing Article Assessment Log of Assessment Changes Assessment Statistics Wikiversity School of Philosophy Internet Philosophy Resources PhilPapers: Online Research in Philosophy Introducing Philosophy Series Dictionary of Philosophical Terms and Names Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Collection of debate guides The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy The reference library for Jain Philosophy Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy Early Modern Texts Philosophy Now The Philosophers' Magazine Online Indiana Philosophy Ontology Project Taxonomy search tool Noesis - Philosophical research online Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews Did you know …that Francisco de Vitoria (pictured), a Spanish Renaissance Roman Catholic theologian, was the founder of the tradition in philosophy known as the School of Salamanca? ...that Collective Intentionality is a topic in the Philosophy of Mind that has been explored by John Searle, Margaret Gilbert, and J. David Velleman, among others? …that a 2001 discovery of lost manuscripts by Majorcan philosopher and writer Ramon Llull showed that he had indeed discovered the Borda count and Condorcet criterion, and as a result he has been called the father of computation theory? …that although the paradox, Buridan's ass, is named after French priest Jean Buridan, it had already been previously stated in De Caelo by Aristotle? …that besides being a philosopher, Gottfried Leibniz was an engineer, lawyer, philologist, sinophile, and a famed mathematician who co-invented calculus? …that while most Enlightenment scholars criticized the Byzantine system of the Eastern Roman Empire, Konstantin Leontiev, a scholar from the Russian Empire praised it for the very same reasons? …that Marc Sautet started the philosophical cafe known as Café Philosophique? …that criteria of truth are standards and rules used to judge the accuracy of statements and claims? …that a deductive fallacy is an argument that has true premises, but may still have a false conclusion? …that Dictes and Sayings of the Philosophers is the first dated book printed in England? …that Wikipedia has information on everything? …that a successful experimental system must be stable and reproducible enough for scientists to make sense of the system's behavior, but unpredictable enough that it can produce useful results? …that the ancient Chinese text Huangdi Yinfujing, attributed to the mythical emperor Huangdi in the 3rd century BCE, may have been a forgery from the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE)? …that Time magazine editor Otto Fuerbringer was responsible for the controversial 1966 Is God Dead? cover? …that alternative theories of speciation besides natural selection include Lamarckism and orthogenesis? …that before the 17th century it was believed that all organisms grew from miniature versions of themselves that had existed since the beginning of creation, a theory called preformationism? …that children have trouble attributing implicit meaning to aspect verbs implicating non-completion such as start, but find implicit meaning in degree modifiers such as half, as in half-finished? …that the philosopher Sebastian Petrycy (pictured) (1554–1626), in Poland, created a vernacular philosophical terminology not much later than did philosophers in France and Germany? …that Richard Hanley's book South Park and Philosophy: Bigger, Longer, and More Penetrating analyzes issues of applied ethics as presented in South Park? …that subjective logic can help you deal with uncertainty? …that the philosophical question of temporal finitism has never been fully settled? …that The Simpsons and Philosophy: The D'oh! of Homer, a book that analyzes The Simpsons using philosophical concepts, is the main textbook in some university philosophy courses? …that an appeals court overturned one formulation of the toothpaste tube theory in administrative law?" …that William Frankena "played an especially critical role in defense of fundamental academic freedoms during the McCarthy era" while chair of the philosophy department at the University of Michigan? …that Bron Taylor coined the term "dark green religion" as a set of beliefs characterized by a conviction that "nature is sacred, has intrinsic value, and is therefore due reverent care"? …that Jagadguru Rāmabhadrācārya (pictured), a blind Hindu religious leader, has observed nine Payovrata, a six-month diet of only milk and fruits, per the fifth verse of the Dohāvalī composed by Tulasidāsa, which says that chanting the name of Rāma subsisting on a diet of milk and fruits for six months will result in all the auspiciousness and accomplishments in one's hand? …Archive Add more facts… Topics v t e Philosophy Branches Traditional Metaphysics Epistemology Logic Ethics Aesthetics Philosophy of... Action Color Culture Design Music Film Cosmology Education Environment Geography Happiness History Human nature Humor Feminism Language Law Life Literature Mathematics Medicine Healthcare Psychiatry Mind Pain Psychology Perception Philosophy Religion Science Physics Chemistry Biology Sexuality Social science Business Culture Economics Politics Society Space and time Sport Technology Artificial intelligence Computer science Engineering Information War Schools of thought By era Ancient Western Medieval Renaissance Early modern Modern Contemporary Ancient Chinese Agriculturalism Confucianism Legalism Logicians Mohism Chinese naturalism Neotaoism Taoism Yangism Chan Greco-Roman Aristotelianism Atomism Cynicism Cyrenaics Eleatics Eretrian school Epicureanism Hermeneutics Ionian Ephesian Milesian Megarian school Neoplatonism Peripatetic Platonism Pluralism Presocratic Pyrrhonism Pythagoreanism Neopythagoreanism Sophistic Stoicism Indian Hindu Samkhya Nyaya Vaisheshika Yoga Mīmāṃsā Ājīvika Ajñana Cārvāka Jain Anekantavada Syādvāda Buddhist Śūnyatā Madhyamaka Yogacara Sautrāntika Svatantrika Persian Mazdakism Mithraism Zoroastrianism Zurvanism Medieval European Christian Augustinianism Scholasticism Thomism Scotism Occamism Renaissance humanism East Asian Korean Confucianism Edo neo-Confucianism Neo-Confucianism Indian Vedanta Acintya bheda abheda Advaita Bhedabheda Dvaita Nimbarka Sampradaya Shuddhadvaita Vishishtadvaita Navya-Nyāya Islamic Averroism Avicennism Illuminationism ʿIlm al-Kalām Sufi Jewish Judeo-Islamic Modern People Cartesianism Kantianism Neo-Kantianism Hegelianism Marxism Spinozism 0 Anarchism Classical Realism Liberalism Collectivism Conservatism Determinism Dualism Empiricism Existentialism Foundationalism Historicism Holism Humanism Anti- Idealism Absolute British German Objective Subjective Transcendental Individualism Kokugaku Materialism Modernism Monism Naturalism Natural law Nihilism New Confucianism Neo-scholasticism Pragmatism Phenomenology Positivism Reductionism Rationalism Social contract Socialism Transcendentalism Utilitarianism Contemporary Analytic Applied ethics Analytic feminism Analytical Marxism Communitarianism Consequentialism Critical rationalism Experimental philosophy Falsificationism Foundationalism / Coherentism Internalism and externalism Logical positivism Legal positivism Normative ethics Meta-ethics Moral realism Quinean naturalism Ordinary language philosophy Postanalytic philosophy Quietism Rawlsian Reformed epistemology Systemics Scientism Scientific realism Scientific skepticism Transactionalism Contemporary utilitarianism Vienna Circle Wittgensteinian Continental Critical theory Deconstruction Existentialism Feminist Frankfurt School New Historicism Hermeneutics Neo-Marxism Phenomenology Posthumanism Postmodernism Post-structuralism Social constructionism Structuralism Western Marxism Other Kyoto School Objectivism Postcritique Russian cosmism more... Positions Aesthetics Formalism Institutionalism Aesthetic response Ethics Consequentialism Deontology Virtue Free will Compatibilism Determinism Hard Incompatibilism Hard Libertarianism Metaphysics Atomism Dualism Idealism Monism Naturalism Realism Epistemology Empiricism Fideism Naturalism Particularism Rationalism Skepticism Solipsism Mind Behaviorism Emergentism Eliminativism Epiphenomenalism Functionalism Objectivism Subjectivism Normativity Absolutism Particularism Relativism Nihilism Skepticism Universalism Ontology Action Event Process Reality Anti-realism Conceptualism Idealism Materialism Naturalism Nominalism Physicalism Realism By region Related lists Miscellaneous By region African Ethiopian Amerindian Aztec Eastern Chinese Egyptian Indian Indonesian Iranian Japanese Korean Taiwanese Pakistani Vietnamese Middle Eastern Western American Australian British Czech Danish French German Greek Italian Polish Romanian Russian Slovene Spanish Turkish Maltese Lists Outline Index Years Problems Schools Glossary Philosophers Movements Publications Miscellaneous Natural law Sage Theoretical philosophy / Practical philosophy Women in philosophy Portal Category Selected picture Image 1The House Builders (Portraits of Sir W.E. & The Hon. Lady Welby-Gregory), an 1880 painting by Frank Dicksee Image 2The statue of Immanuel Kant in front of the Immanuel Kant State University of Russia in Kaliningrad. The statue was made by notable sculptor Christian Daniel Rauch and unveiled in 1864. The statue was destroyed in 1945, but was remoulded in 1992 on the initiative of Marion Dönhoff. Image 3Niels Bohr (1885–1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Bohr was also a philosopher and a promoter of scientific research. Image 4Jane Addams (1860–1935) was an American settlement activist, reformer, social worker, sociologist, public administrator and author. She was a notable figure in the history of social work and women's suffrage in the United States and an advocate for world peace. Image 5The center third of Education (1890), a stained glass window by Louis Comfort Tiffany and Tiffany Studios, located in Linsly-Chittenden Hall at Yale University. It depicts Science (personified by Devotion, Labor, Truth, Research and Intuition) and Religion (personified by Purity, Faith, Hope, Reverence and Inspiration) in harmony, presided over by the central personification of "Light·Love·Life". Image 6Voltairine de Cleyre (1866–1912) was an American anarchist known for being a prolific writer and speaker who opposed state power, the capitalism she saw as interconnected with it, and marriage, and the domination of religion over sexuality and women's lives. She is often characterized as a major early feminist because of her views. Image 7Friedrich Schiller (1759–1805) was a German poet, philosopher, physician, historian and playwright. Image 8A statue of peripatetic philosopher and botanist Theophrastus at the Palermo Botanical Gardens. Image 9Plato (left) and Aristotle (right), a detail of The School of Athens, a fresco by Raphael. Aristotle gestures to the earth, representing his belief in knowledge through empirical observation and experience, while holding a copy of his Nicomachean Ethics in his hand, whilst Plato gestures to the heavens, representing his belief in The Forms. Image 10Carl von Linné, Alexander Roslin, 1775 (oil on canvas, Gripsholm Castle). Linnaeus was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy". Image 11Painting of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz by Christoph Bernhard Francke, Braunschweig, Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum, 1700. Image 12Philosophy, an 1896 mural by Robert Lewis Reid in the North Corridor on the Second Floor of the Library of Congress Thomas Jefferson Building, Washington, D.C.. The caption underneath reads: "HOW CHARMING IS DIVINE PHILOSOPHY." Image 13Umberto Eco OMRI (1932–2016) was an Italian novelist, literary critic, philosopher, semiotician, and university professor. He is widely known for his 1980 novel Il nome della rosa (The Name of the Rose), a historical mystery combining semiotics in fiction with biblical analysis, medieval studies, and literary theory. Image 14Oscar Wilde reclining with Poems, by Napoleon Sarony, in New York in 1882. Wilde often liked to appear idle, though in fact he worked hard; by the late 1880s he was a father, an editor, and a writer. Image 15Leo Tolstoy in 1897. Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy was a Russian writer who is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time. Image 16Adam Smith (baptised 16 June 1723 – died 17 July 1790 [OS: 5 June 1723 – 17 July 1790]) was a Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneer of political economics. One of the key figures of the Scottish Enlightenment, Smith is the author of The Theory of Moral Sentiments and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. The latter, usually abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations, is considered his magnum opus and the first modern work of economics. Smith is widely cited as the father of modern economics. Image 17Lady Dorothy Browne and Sir Thomas Browne is an oil on panel painting attributed to the English artist Joan Carlile, and probably completed between 1641 and 1650. The painting depicts English physician Thomas Browne and his wife Dorothy. General images The following are images from various Philosophy-related articles on Wikipedia. Image 1Statue of the Neo-Confucian scholar Zhu Xi at the White Deer Grotto Academy in Lushan Mountain (from Philosophy) Image 2Adi Shankara is one of the most frequently studied Hindu philosophers. (from Philosophy) Image 3The School of Athens (1509–1511) by Raphael, depicting famous classical Greek philosophers in an idealized setting inspired by ancient Greek architecture (from Philosophy) Image 4Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) was an English writer and philosopher. (from Philosophy) Image 5An Iranian portrait of Avicenna on a Silver Vase. He was one of the most influential philosophers of the Islamic Golden Age. (from Philosophy) Image 6The Beijing imperial college was an intellectual center for Confucian ethics and classics during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. (from Philosophy) Image 7Thomas Hobbes, best known for his Leviathan, which expounded an influential formulation of social contract theory. (from Philosophy) Image 8Statue of Aristotle (384–322 BCE), a major figure of ancient Greek philosophy, in the Aristotlepark, Stagira (from Philosophy) Image 9Martin Luther King Jr. (from Philosophy) Image 10The parable of the blind men and the elephant illustrates the important Jain doctrine of anēkāntavāda (from Philosophy) Image 11A Tlamatini (Aztec philosopher) observing the stars, from the Codex Mendoza. (from Philosophy) Image 12A painting of the influential modern philosopher Immanuel Kant (in the blue coat) with his friends. Other figures include Christian Jakob Kraus, Johann Georg Hamann, Theodor Gottlieb von Hippel and Karl Gottfried Hagen (from Philosophy) Image 13The beginning of Aristotle's Metaphysics in an incunabulum decorated with hand-painted miniatures. (from Philosophy) Image 14Dignaga founded a school of Buddhist epistemology and logic. (from Philosophy) Image 15Kitaro Nishida, considered the founder of the Kyoto School of philosophical thought, c. 1943 (from Philosophy) Image 16Painting of Zera Yacob from Claude Sumner's Classical Ethiopian Philosophy. (from Philosophy) Task forces WikiProject Philosophy Philosophers Φ Literature Aesthetics Epistemology Ethics Logic Metaphysics Social Φ Ancient Φ Medieval Φ Modern Φ Contemporary Φ Analytic Φ Continental Φ Anarchism Marxism Eastern Φ Φ of Language Φ of Mind Φ of Religion Φ of Science Related WikiProjects Alternative views Arts Atheism Biblical criticism Biography Christianity theology Hindu Philosophy History of Science History Islam Judaism Linguistics Literature Mathematics Middle ages Mythology Physics Rational skepticism Religion Science Spirituality Tasks WikiProject Philosophy task list Falsificationism Looking for comments on lead. Optimism should have a separate page that focuses on the philosophical idea of optimism and distinguishes the philosophical view from "positive thinking" and other everyday uses of the word. Philosophy of social science, has some okay points but requires elaboration on Wittgenstein and Winch, perhaps other linguistic critiques, whether logical positivist or postmodernist. Exchange value needs to be redone, it shouldn't be under 'Marxist theory'- although it's an important component of Marxist theory it's also vital for all economics. That said the article's weight on Marx is also absurd. German Idealism and the articles related to it may need to be rewritten or expanded to avoid undue weight on Arthur Schopenhauer. Protected values first section confuses right action and values and needs a copy edit, moving and wikifying Quality (philosophy) needs a more clear explanation. Socratic dialogues could do with some tidying and clarification. See the talk page for one suggested change. Problem of universals: The introductory definition is (perhaps) fixed. But, the article is poor. Check out the German version. Teleology: the article is shallow and inconsistent. Existentialism: the quality of this article varies wildly and is in desperate need of expert attention. Analytic philosophy This is a very major topic, but still has several sections which are stubs, and several topics which are not covered. Lifeworld A philosophical concept that seems to have fallen exclusively into the hands of the sociologists. Could use some attention; it's a major and complex issue in phenomenology. Perception Needs the attention of philosophically minded Wikipedians. This is only the start of an overhaul of perception and related articles. Edit this list | To do | stubs | Article alerts | Cleanup listing | Category | Portal | RFC | Deletion | Requested articles | Discussion Associated Wikimedia The following Wikimedia Foundation sister projects provide more on this subject: Wikibooks Books Commons Media Wikinews  News Wikiquote  Quotations Wikisource  Texts Wikiversity Learning resources Wikivoyage  Travel guides Wiktionary  Definitions Wikidata  Database Wikispecies  Species Sources Portals Activities Culture Geography Health History Mathematics Nature People Philosophy Religion Society Technology Random portal What are portals? List of portals Sub-pages of Portal:Philosophy Purge server cache Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:Philosophy&oldid=1028152819" Categories: All portals Philosophy portal Philosophy portals Philosophy Hidden categories: Portals with untriaged subpages from June 2018 All portals with untriaged subpages Portals with no named maintainer Portals with short description Box-header with insufficient title contrast Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Portal Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages አማርኛ العربية Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه বাংলা Bân-lâm-gú Башҡортса Беларуская (тарашкевіца) Български Brezhoneg Català Cebuano Čeština Deutsch ދިވެހިބަސް Eesti Español فارسی Français 한국어 हिन्दी Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano עברית Kapampangan Кыргызча Lëtzebuergesch Lietuvių Magyar Македонски Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本語 Нохчийн Polski Português Română Русский Shqip سنڌي کوردی Српски / srpski Suomi Svenska தமிழ் Татарча/tatarça ไทย Türkçe Українська اردو Tiếng Việt 文言 粵語 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 12 June 2021, at 06:02 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Mobile view Developers Statistics Cookie statement