Apatheia - Wikipedia





	
	

	
	

	Apatheia

	
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		Stoic concept of equanimity or dispassion

Apatheia (Greek: ἀπάθεια; from a- "without" and pathos "suffering" or "passion"), in Stoicism, refers to a state of mind in which one is not disturbed by the passions. It is best translated by the word equanimity rather than indifference. The meaning of the word apatheia is quite different from that of the modern English apathy, which has a distinctly negative connotation. According to the Stoics, apatheia was the quality that characterized the sage.

Whereas Aristotle had claimed that virtue was to be found in the golden mean between an excess and a deficiency of emotion (metriopatheia), the Stoics thought that living virtuously provided freedom from the passions, resulting in apatheia.[1] It meant eradicating the tendency to react emotionally or egotistically to external events, the things that cannot be controlled. For Stoics, it was the optimally rational response to the world, for things cannot be controlled if they are caused by the will of others or by Nature; only one's own will can be controlled. That did not mean a loss of feeling, or total disengagement from the world. The Stoic who performs correct (virtuous) judgments and actions as part of the world order experiences contentment (eudaimonia) and good feelings (eupatheia).


Pain is slight if opinion has added nothing to it;... in thinking it slight, you will make it slight. Everything depends on opinion; ambition, luxury, greed, hark back to opinion. It is according to opinion that we suffer.... So let us also win the way to victory in all our struggles, – for the reward is... virtue, steadfastness of soul, and a peace that is won for all time.
— Seneca,  Epistles, lxxviii. 13–16


The term was later adopted by Plotinus in his development of Neoplatonism, in which apatheia was the soul's freedom from emotion achieved when it reaches its purified state.

The term passed into early Christian teaching in which apatheia meant freedom from unruly urges or compulsions. It is still used in that sense in Orthodox Christian spirituality, and especially in monastic practice.

Apatheia is contrasted with ataraxia, a related concept in Epicureanism and Pyrrhonism, although some Latin Stoic authors, such as Seneca the Younger use the term interchangeably with apatheia. In Epicureanism ataraxia comes from freedom from pain and fear. In Pyrrhonism it comes from the eradication of disturbing feelings that depend on beliefs about non-evident matters (i.e., dogma). 


See also[edit]

		Look up apatheia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.


	Detachment, a related concept in Ignatian spirituality
	Nirvana, a similar unconditioned state described in Buddhism
	Upekkha, a related concept described in Buddhism
	Vairagya, a related concept in Hindu philosophy.


Notes[edit]

	
	This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations.  (April 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)




	^ Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "Apatheia and the Stoic Treatment of Emotions"





References[edit]

	Richard Sorabji, (2002), Emotion and Peace of Mind: From Stoic Agitation to Christian Temptation, Oxford University Press


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Ancient Greek philosophical concepts

	
	Adiaphora    (nonmoral)
	Anamnesis    (recollection)
	Apatheia      (equanimity)
	Apeiron (the unlimited)
	Aponia          (pleasure)
	Aporia          (impasse)
	Arche            (first principle)
	Arete            (excellence)
	Ataraxia      (tranquility)
	Becoming
	Being
	Cosmos          (order)
	Demiurge      (creator)
	Diairesis    (division)
	Diegesis      (narrate)
	Differentia / Genus
	Doxa              (common opinion)
	Dunamis / Energeia (potentiality / actuality)
	Episteme      (knowledge)
	Epoché          (suspension)
	Ethos            (character)
	Eudaimonia  (flourishing)
	Henosis        (oneness)
	Hexis          (active condition)
	Hyle              (matter)
	Hylomorphism (matter and form)
	Hylozoism (matter and life)
	Hypokeimenon (substratum)
	Hypostasis (underpinning)
	Idea (Idea)
	Katalepsis  (comprehension)
	Kathēkon      (proper function)
	Logos            (reasoned discourse)
	Metempsychosis (reincarnation)
	Mimesis (imitation)
	Monad (unit)
	Nous              (intellect)
	Oikeiôsis    (affinity)
	Ousia            (substance)
	Pathos          (emotional)
	Phronesis    (practical wisdom)
	Physis          (natural law)
	Sophia (wisdom)
	Telos (purpose)
	Tetractys (fourth triangular number)














Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apatheia&oldid=1017451022"


		Categories: 	Concepts in ancient Greek philosophy of mind
	Stoicism
	Concepts in ancient Greek ethics


Hidden categories: 	Articles with short description
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		 This page was last edited on 12 April 2021, at 20:43 (UTC).
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