Macedonia (Roman province) - Wikipedia Macedonia (Roman province) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Roman province Province of Macedonia Provincia Macedoniae ἐπαρχία Μακεδονίας Province of the Roman Empire 146 BC–7th century The province of Macedonia within the Roman Empire, circa 125 Capital Thessalonica in Late Antiquity: Thessalonica (Macedonia Prima) and Stobi (Macedonia Salutaris)[1] Historical era Antiquity • Established after the Fourth Macedonian War 146 BC • Balkan interior raided by Slavs 7th century Preceded by Macedonia (ancient kingdom) Today part of  Greece  North Macedonia  Albania  Bulgaria The Roman province of Macedonia (Latin: Provincia Macedoniae, Ancient Greek: Ἐπαρχία Μακεδονίας) [2][3] was officially established in 146 BC, after the Roman general Quintus Caecilius Metellus defeated Andriscus of Macedon, the last self-styled king of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia in 148 BC, and after the four client republics (the "tetrarchy") established by Rome in the region were dissolved. The province incorporated the former kingdom of Macedonia with the addition of Epirus, Thessaly, and parts of Illyria, Paeonia and Thrace. This created a much larger administrative area, to which the name of 'Macedonia' was still applied. Contents 1 Description 1.1 Organization 1.2 Achaea 1.3 Epirus Vetus 1.4 Epirus Nova 1.5 Macedonia Prima 1.6 Macedonia Secunda or Salutaris 1.7 Thessalia 1.8 Economy 2 List of Roman governors 2.1 Republican 2.2 Imperial 3 Notable individuals 3.1 Citizens 3.2 Saints and clerics 3.3 Writers 3.4 Physicians 4 See also 5 References Description[edit] Organization[edit] After the reforms of Diocletian in the late 3rd century, Epirus Vetus was split off, and sometime in the 4th century, the province of Macedonia itself was divided into Macedonia Prima in the south and Macedonia Secunda or Salutaris in the north. These provinces were all subordinate to the Diocese of Macedonia, one of three dioceses comprising the praetorian prefecture of Illyricum. When the Prefecture was divided between the Western and Eastern Empires in 379, the Macedonian provinces were included in Eastern Illyricum. With the permanent division of the Empire in 395, Macedonia passed to the East, which would evolve into the Byzantine Empire. The Dardanians, to the north of the Paeonians, were not included in the Roman province of Macedonia, and they initially had supported the Romans in their conquest of Macedonia, but later felt into confrontation with Rome.[4] Achaea[edit] Achaea or Achaia was initially part of the Roman Province of Macedonia (from 146 to 27 BC). It later became a separate Province by the Augustan Settlement of 27 BC, which established the Roman Empire. Epirus Vetus[edit] The Roman provinces of Epirus Vetus and Epirus nova in relation to modern borders. Epirus, later Epirus Vetus ("Old Epirus"; Ancient Greek: Παλαιᾶ Ἤπειρος), was a province in the Roman Empire that corresponded to the region of Epirus. Between 146 BC and 27 BC, it was part of the province of Macedonia, after which it became part of Achaea, before becoming a separate province under Emperor Trajan. Epirus Nova[edit] Epirus Nova ("New Epirus", Ancient Greek: Νέα Ἤπειρος) or Illyria Graeca[5][6][7] or Illyris proper was a province of the Roman Empire established by Diocletian during his restructuring of provincial boundaries. Until then, the province belonged to the province of Macedonia.[8][9] Dyrrachium (or Epidamnus) was established as the capital of Epirus Nova.[10] The region of Epirus Nova corresponded[11] to a portion of Illyria that was then "partly Hellenic and partly Hellenized".[12] Macedonia Prima[edit] Roman provinces, 400 Macedonia Prima ("First Macedonia") was a province encompassing most of the kingdom of Macedonia, coinciding with most of the modern Greek region of Macedonia, and had Thessalonica as its capital. Macedonia Secunda or Salutaris[edit] Macedonia Salutaris ("Wholesome Macedonia"), also known as Macedonia Secunda ("Second Macedonia") was a province partially encompassing both Pelagonia and Dardania and containing the whole of Paeonia. The province mostly coincides with the present-day North Macedonia. The town of Stobi located to the junction of the Crna Reka and Vardar (called in Greek Axios) rivers, which was the former capital of Paeonia, arose later in the capital city of Macedonia Salutaris. Thessalia[edit] This province was encompassing the area of ancient Thessaly, which was right in the south of ancient Macedonia. Also herein are being mentioned the subdivisions of Thessalia Prima and Thessalia Secunda. Economy[edit] A tetradrachm of Thasos from Roman controlled Macedonia. It was minted between 148 and 80 BC. Obverse shows Dionysos and reverse shows Herakles. The reign of Augustus ( 27 BC–14 AD ) began a long period of peace, prosperity and wealth for Macedonia, although its importance in the economic standing of the Roman world diminished when compared to its neighbor, Asia Minor. The economy was greatly stimulated by the construction of the Via Egnatia during 130s and 120s BC, the installation of Roman merchants in the cities, and the founding of Roman colonies. The Imperial government brought, along with its roads and administrative system, an economic boom, which benefited both the Roman ruling class and the lower classes. With vast arable and rich pastures, the great ruling families amassed huge fortunes in the society based on slave labor. The Roman empire under Hadrian (ruled 117–38), showing the senatorial province of Macedonia' in southeastern Europe The improvement of the living conditions of the productive classes brought about an increase in the number artisans and craftspeople to the region. Stonemasons, miners, blacksmiths, etc. were employed in every kind of commercial activity and craft. Greek people were also widely employed as tutors, educators and doctors throughout the Roman world. The export economy was based essentially on agriculture and livestock, while iron, copper, and gold along with such products as timber, resin, pitch, hemp, flax, and fish were also exported. Another source of wealth was the kingdom's ports, such as Dion, Pella, Thessalonica, Cassandreia.[13][better source needed] List of Roman governors[edit] Republican[edit] Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus (147 BC); Gnaeus Egnatius (146/145 BC); Lucius Julius Caesar (93/92 BC); Gnaeus Cornelius Dolabella (80—78 BC); Appius Claudius Pulcher (78—76 BC); Gaius Scribonius Curio (75—74 BC); Rubrius (67 BC); Lucius Manlius Torquatus (64/63 BC); Gaius Antonius Hybrida (62/61 BC); Gaius Octavius (60/59 BC); Lucius Appuleius (c. 58 BC); Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus (57—55 BC); Quintus Ancharius (c. 54 BC); Titus Antistius (50 BC); Marcus Favonius propraetor (?) (48 BC) Imperial[edit] Marcus Licinius Crassus (29-27 BC) M. Primus (c.24/23 BC)[14] Lucius Tarius Rufus (18-16 BC) Publius Vinicius (AD 2/3) Publius Memmius Regulus (with Achaea, between AD 31 and 37) Marcus Helvius Geminus (before 54)[15] Marcus Julius Romulus (between 54 and 68)[16] Marcus Vettius Bolanus (before 66)[16] Lucius Antonius Saturninus (76/77)[17] P. Tullius Varro (between 70 and 79) Lucius Baebius Honoratus (before 83) Gaius Salvius Liberalis (84/85) L. Cocceius Justus (c. 100) Q. Annius Maximus (113/114) M. Arruntius Claudianus (between 96 and 118) Octavius Antoninus (119/120) Lucius Varius Ambibulus (124/125) Junius Rufinus (between 118 and 138) Q. Gellius Sentius Augurinus (between 118 and 139) [Iul]ius [Fr]ugi (c. 138) Sextus Pedius Hirrutus Lucilius Pollio (c. 148)[18] P. Antius Orestes (164/165) Publius Julius Geminius Marcianus (c. 166) [... A]qu[i]linus (between 139 and 180) Cornelius Rufus (between 161 and 180) Ti. Claudius Gordianus (between 187 and 192)[19] Junius Rufinus (192/193) Marcus Antius Crescens Calpurnianus (c. 200) (M. Ulipus ?) Tertullianus Aquila (212/213 or 213/214) P. Aelius Coeranus (c. 224) T. Clodius Pupienus Pulcher Maximus (c. 223) Q ? or C(L.)? Valerius Rufrius Justus (between 220 and 230) P. Julius Junianus Martialianus (signo Leontius) (between 222 and 235) C. Caerellius (Fufidius Annius Ravus) Pollittianus (between 222 and 235) Dulcitius (c. 300) Calliopius of Antioch (362) Notable individuals[edit] Citizens[edit] Damon of Thessalonica 2nd century BC Saints and clerics[edit] Agape, Chionia, and Irene(died 304) Agathopous, deacon Aristarchus of Thessalonica, 1st century Demophilus of Constantinople (died 386), Bishop, born in Thessalonica Epaphroditus, first bishop of Philippi Gaius, first Bishop of Thessalonica Lydia of Thyatira, 1st century Matrona of Thessalonica Onesimus, first bishop of Beroea Saint Demetrius, patron saint of the city of Salonika, martyred in 306 Theodulus, Lector Writers[edit] Craterus of Amphipolis (c. 100-30 BC) Rhapsode winner in Amphiarian games[20] Phaedrus of Pieria (c. 15 BC – c. AD 50), fabulist Antipater of Thessalonica (late 1st century BC), epigrammatic poet and governor of the city Philippus of Thessalonica (late 1st century AD), epigrammatic poet and compiler of the Greek Anthology Archias, epigrammatist Antiphanes (late 1st century), epigrammatist Parmenio (late 1st century), epigrammatist Criton of Pieria, historian Polyaenus, (2nd century), military writer Stobaeus (5th century), anthologist of Greek authors Macedonius of Thessalonica (6th century), epigrammatist of Greek Anthology Physicians[edit] Athryilatus of Thasos Alexander of Pella Damian of Thessalonica Anthemius of Edessa Paul of Philippi Theodorus of Kato Kleines, Florina C. Iulius Nicetas of Lyke (Lyki) in Pella Aurelius Isidorus of Thessalonica Sextus Iulius Chariton of Amphipolis Servia of Thessalonica Pubicius [sic?] Lalus and Publicius Hermias of Beroea Aelius Nicolaus of Edessa Aptus of Dion[21] See also[edit] Diocese of Macedonia Macedon Macedonia (region) References[edit] ^ A Companion to Ancient Macedonia, By Joseph Roisman and Ian Worthington, page 549 ^ [1] Archived 2017-04-24 at the Wayback Machine D. C. Samsaris, Historical Geography of the Roman province of Macedonia (The Department of Western Macedonia today) (in Greek), Thessaloniki 1989 (Society for Macedonian Studies).ISBN 960-7265-01-7. ^ [2] Archived 2017-04-24 at the Wayback Machine D. C. Samsaris, Historical Geography of Eastern Macedonia during the Antiquity (in Greek), Thessaloniki 1976 (Society for Macedonian Studies). ISBN 960-7265-16-5. ^ "With the arrival of the Romans in the territory of Illyricum in 200 B.C., the Dardani took the side of the (Roman) Republic and significantly strengthened their positions against Macedonia by occupying the area of Paeonia. However, after the defeat of Perseus in 168 B.C., and especially from 148 B.C., when Macedonia ceased to be independent and fell under Roman rule, the Dardani, left without constant raids against their southern neighbor, now entered into confrontation with Rome. The Roman occupation and annexation of Dardania was not carried out in a short time – it was a process unfolding through several war conflicts and, I would say, with certain reluctance." For more see: Vladimir P. (2006). "Pre-roman and Roman Dardania historical and geographical considerations". Balcanica (37): 7–23. ^ The Loeb Editor's Notes, 28 Nova Epirus or Illyris Graeca ^ A new classical dictionary of Greek and Roman biography, mythology, and geography: partly based upon the Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology by Sir William Smith,1851, page 392 ^ Catholic Encyclopedia - Durazzo ^ Handbook of Ancient Geography and History by Ptz Wilhelm, ISBN 1-113-19974-1, The (734) southern portion, or Illyria Graeca, belonged to the province of Macedonia. ^ Atlas of Classical History by R. Talbert, 1989, page 175: "... divided the diocese of Moesia into two, styled Thracia and Macedonia, the latter consisting of the provinces from Epirus Nova and Macedonia southward. But there is evidence that Constantine considered ..." ^ Hendry, p. 299. The geography is entirely correct for Servius' time, since Diocletian's rearrangement of provincial boundaries included the creation of the province of Epirus Nova out of southern Illyricum with Dyrrachium (=Epidamnus) as its capital. ^ Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, Page 210 ^ Athanassakis, A.N. (1977), "N.G.L. Hammond, Migrations and Invasions in Greece and Adjacent Areas (review)", American Journal of Philology, 99: 263–6, doi:10.2307/293653, JSTOR 293653 ^ Macedonia - Province of the Roman Empire ^ Ronald Syme, The Roman Revolution (Oxford: University Press, 1939), p.330 n. 3 ^ CIL III, 6074 = ILS 975 ^ a b Werner Eck, "Über die prätorischen Prokonsulate in der Kaiserzeit. Eine quellenkritische Überlegung", Zephyrus 23/24 (1972/73), pp. 240f ^ Unless otherwise stated, the names of the proconsular governors from 69 to 139 are taken from Werner Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139", Chiron, 12 (1982), pp. 281–362; 13 (1983), pp. 147–237 ^ Unless otherwise stated, the names of the proconsular governors from 139 to 180 are taken from Géza Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter der Antoninen (Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag, 1977), p. 265 ^ Unless otherwise stated, the names of the proconsular governors from 187 to 235 are taken from Paul M. M. Leunissen, Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander (180-235 n. Chr.), (Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben 1989), pp. 302-304 ^ Amphiareion — c. 80-50 BC Epigraphical Database ^ www.phl.uoc.gr/eulimene/eulimene03.pdf v t e Provinces of the early Roman Empire (117 AD) Achaea Aegyptus Africa proconsularis Alpes Cottiae Alpes Maritimae Alpes Graiae et Poeninae Arabia Petraea Armenia Asia Assyria Bithynia and Pontus Britannia Cappadocia Cilicia Corsica and Sardinia Crete and Cyrenaica Cyprus Dacia Dalmatia Epirus Galatia Gallia Aquitania Gallia Belgica Gallia Lugdunensis Gallia Narbonensis Germania Inferior Germania Superior Hispania Baetica Hispania Lusitania Hispania Tarraconensis Italia † Iudaea Lycia et Pamphylia Macedonia Mauretania Caesariensis Mauretania Tingitana Mesopotamia Moesia Inferior Moesia Superior Noricum Pannonia Inferior Pannonia Superior Raetia Sicilia Syria Thracia † Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until Diocletian's reforms. v t e Late Roman and Byzantine provinces (4th–7th centuries AD) History As found in the Notitia Dignitatum. Provincial administration reformed and dioceses established by Diocletian, c. 293. Permanent praetorian prefectures established after the death of Constantine I. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of Ravenna and Africa established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the theme system in c. 640–660, although in Asia Minor and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century. Western Roman Empire (395–476) Praetorian Prefecture of Gaul Diocese of Gaul Alpes Poeninae et Graiae Belgica I Belgica II Germania I Germania II Lugdunensis I Lugdunensis II Lugdunensis III Lugdunensis IV Maxima Sequanorum Diocese of Vienne1 Alpes Maritimae Aquitanica I Aquitanica II Narbonensis I Narbonensis II Novempopulania Viennensis Diocese of Spain Baetica Balearica Carthaginensis Gallaecia Lusitania Mauretania Tingitana Tarraconensis Diocese of the Britains Britannia I Britannia II Flavia Caesariensis Maxima Caesariensis Valentia (?) Praetorian Prefecture of Italy Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy Apulia et Calabria Campania Corsica Lucania et Bruttii Picenum Suburbicarium Samnium Sardinia Sicilia Tuscia et Umbria Valeria Diocese of Annonarian Italy Alpes Cottiae Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium Liguria et Aemilia Raetia I Raetia II Venetia et Histria Diocese of Africa2 Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana) Byzacena Mauretania Caesariensis Mauretania Sitifensis Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy) Tripolitania Eastern Roman/Byzantine Empire (395–c. 640) Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum Diocese of Pannonia3 Dalmatia Noricum mediterraneum Noricum ripense Pannonia I Pannonia II Savia Valeria ripensis Diocese of Dacia Dacia Mediterranea Dacia Ripensis Dardania Moesia I Praevalitana Diocese of Macedonia Achaea Creta Epirus Nova Epirus Vetus Macedonia Prima Macedonia II Salutaris Thessalia Praetorian Prefecture of the East Diocese of Thrace5 Europa Haemimontus Moesia II4 Rhodope Scythia4 Thracia Diocese of Asia5 Asia Caria4 Hellespontus Islands4 Lycaonia (370) Lycia Lydia Pamphylia Pisidia Phrygia Pacatiana Phrygia Salutaris Diocese of Pontus5 Armenia I5 Armenia II5 Armenia Maior5 Armenian Satrapies5 Armenia III (536) Armenia IV (536) Bithynia Cappadocia I5 Cappadocia II5 Galatia I5 Galatia II Salutaris5 Helenopontus5 Honorias5 Paphlagonia5 Pontus Polemoniacus5 Diocese of the East5 Arabia Cilicia I Cilicia II Cyprus4 Euphratensis Isauria Mesopotamia Osroene Palaestina I Palaestina II Palaestina III Salutaris Phoenice I Phoenice II Libanensis Syria I Syria II Salutaris Theodorias (528) Diocese of Egypt5 Aegyptus I Aegyptus II Arcadia Augustamnica I Augustamnica II Libya Superior Libya Inferior Thebais Superior Thebais Inferior Other territories Taurica Quaestura exercitus (536) Spania (552) 1 Later the Septem Provinciae 2 Re-established after reconquest by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate Prefecture of Africa 3 Later the Diocese of Illyricum 4 Placed under the Quaestura exercitus in 536 5 Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by Justinian I's administrative reorganization in 534–536 v t e Journeys of Paul the Apostle First journey 1. Antioch 2. Seleucia 3. Cyprus 3a. Salamis 3b. Paphos 4. Perga 5. Antioch of Pisidia 6. Konya (Iconium) 7. Derbe 8. Lystra 9. Antalya 10. Antioch (returns to beginning of journey) Second journey 1. Cilicia 2. Derbe 3. Lystra 4. Phrygia 5. Galatia 6. Mysia (Alexandria Troas) 7. Samothrace 8. Neapolis 9. Philippi 9. Amphipolis 10. Apollonia 11. Thessalonica 12. Beroea 13. Athens 14. Corinth 15. Cenchreae 16. Ephesus 17. Syria 18. Caesarea 19. Jerusalem 20. Antioch Third journey 1. Galatia 2. Phrygia 3. Ephesus 4. Macedonia 5. Corinth 6. Cenchreae 7. Macedonia (again) 8. Troas 9. Assos 10. Mytilene 11. Chios 12. Samos 13. Miletus 14. Cos 15. Rhodes 16. Patara 17. Tyre 18. Ptolemais 19. Caesarea 20. Jerusalem Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macedonia_(Roman_province)&oldid=1024913140" Categories: States and territories established in the 2nd century BC States and territories disestablished in the 7th century Macedonia (Roman province) Ancient Macedonia Roman Balkans Greece in the Roman era Albania in the Roman era Roman Epirus Illyricum (Roman province) 2nd-century BC establishments in Greece 7th-century disestablishments in the Byzantine Empire 7th-century disestablishments in Europe Romanization of Southeastern Europe 140s BC establishments Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text Articles containing Latin-language text All articles lacking reliable references Articles lacking reliable references from May 2020 Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages Afrikaans Alemannisch العربية Aragonés Български Bosanski Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano ქართული Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Македонски Malagasy मराठी Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Norsk nynorsk Polski Português Română Русский Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog Türkçe Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 24 May 2021, at 18:27 (UTC). 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