Temple of Antoninus and Faustina - Wikipedia Temple of Antoninus and Faustina From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search 2nd century Roman temple in Rome Coordinates: 41°53′31.70″N 12°29′12.08″E / 41.8921389°N 12.4866889°E / 41.8921389; 12.4866889 Temple of Antoninus and Faustina 3D reconstruction of the Temple of Antoninus and Faustina. Location Regio IV Templum Pacis Built in 141 AD Built by/for Unknown builder Type of structure Republican tribunal Related List of ancient monuments in Rome Temple of Antoninus and Faustina The Temple of Antoninus and Faustina is an ancient Roman temple in Rome, which was later converted into a Roman Catholic church, the Chiesa di San Lorenzo in Miranda or simply "San Lorenzo in Miranda". It is located in the Forum Romanum, on the Via Sacra, opposite the Regia. Contents 1 Temple 2 Church 3 See also 4 References 5 Sources 6 Further reading 7 External links Temple[edit] The temple was constructed by the Emperor Antoninus Pius, beginning in 141 AD. It was initially dedicated to his deceased and deified wife, Faustina the Elder. Because of this, Faustina was the first Roman empress with a permanent presence in the Forum Romanum.[1] When Antoninus Pius was deified after his death in 161 AD, the temple was re-dedicated to both Antoninus and Faustina by his successor, Marcus Aurelius. The building stands on a high platform of large grey peperino tufa blocks. The later of two dedicatory inscriptions says, "Divo Antonino et Divae Faustinae Ex S.C." meaning, “For the divine Antoninus and for the divine Faustina, by decree of the Senate.” Copper alloy coin featuring the Temple of Antoninus and Faustina. 141-161 CE. The British Museum. The eight monolithic Corinthian columns of its pronaos are 17 metres (56 ft) in height. The rich bas-reliefs of the frieze under the cornice, featuring griffins, acanthus scrolls, and candelabra, were often copied from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries. Based on numismatic evidence, the temple was originally fenced off from the Via Sacra and a large, seated statue of Faustina would have been inside of the cella. Fragments of this statue and one of Antoninus Pius, which was added later, were discovered in front of the Temple.[2] Church[edit] The temple was converted into a Roman Catholic church, the Chiesa di San Lorenzo in Miranda, perhaps as early as the seventh century, but it is only attested from the eleventh century work Mirabilia Urbis Romae.[3] "Miranda" may derive from the name of a benefactress.[4] At that time, it was thought that this was the location of the sentencing of St. Lawrence, Deacon and Martyr to death by the Prefect of Rome, hence its dedication. Christianization accounts for the survival of the cella and portico of the temple through the centuries, though it did not preserve the edifice from all damage. Originally, the podium was faced with white marble slabs, with matching marble mouldings at the top and bottom. Most of the marble facing was scavenged, except for the moulding.[2] The deep grooves in the temple's columns are supposed to date to a medieval attempt to dismantle the pillared portico, either for spolia or to destroy the pagan temple. The grooves also may have been used to attach a makeshift roof over the portico.[2] Also in the Middle Ages, a staircase was built on the side facing the Forum, but it is now impossible to enter from that side because there is a gap of circa 6 metres (20 ft) between the foot of the steps and the bronze door. Before the archeological excavations, the ground level was at this door. Excavations in front of the temple were undertaken in 1546, again in 1810, and at intervals from 1876.[5] In 1429 or 1430, Pope Martin V gave the church to the Collegio degli Speziali (Guild of Apothecaries), at the time officially denominated the "Universitas Aromatorium".[6] The College still uses its adjoining guildhall, which contains a small museum that holds a receipt for medicine that Raphael signed. Side chapels were erected after this date. The church lacks the usual eastern apse: one was never added so as to retain the temple's structural integrity. In 1536, the church was partially demolished and the side chapels removed in order to restore the ancient temple for the visit to Rome of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.[7] The church, now constrained within the cella of the temple, was remodelled in 1602 by Orazio Torriani, creating a single nave and three new side chapels. The main altar has a reredos canvas by Pietro da Cortona of the Martyrdom of St. Lawrence (1646), while the first chapel on the left hosts the Madonna and Child with Saints (1626) by Domenichino. See also[edit] List of Ancient Roman temples References[edit] ^ C. Rowan, ‘Communicating a consecratio: the deification coinage of Faustina I’, in: N. Holmes (ed.), Proceedings of the XIV International Numismatic Congress Glasgow, vol. 1, Glasgow (2012), 991. ^ a b c Claridge, Amanda. Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide. p. 112. ^ Christian Hülsen, Le Chiese di Roma nel Medio Evo (Florence: Olschki, 1927). ^ A fanciful derivation from the Latin mirare ("to admire"), imagined as referring to the excellent panorama of the Forum from the church's steps, diachronically attributes to the medieval public an eighteenth-century appreciation for the picturesque. ^ Platner and Ashby 1929. ^ Filippo Titi, Descrizione delle Pitture, Sculture e Architetture esposte in Roma, 1763. ^ Roma e dintorni, Touring Club Italiano Sources[edit] Claridge, Amanda. 2010. Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide. 2nd ed., revised and expanded. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Platner, Samuel Ball. 1929. A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome. London: Oxford University Press. (Online text) Touring Club Italiano. 1965. Roma e Dintorni. Milano. Further reading[edit] Boatwright, Mary T. 2010. "Antonine Rome: Security in the Homeland." Yale Classical Studies 35: 169–197. Davies, Penelope J.E. 2000. Death and the Emperor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fulford, Eric 1994. "A Temple Through Time." Archaeology 47.5: 54–59. Levick, Barbara M. 2014. Faustina I and II: Imperial Women of the Golden Age. Women in Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Stamper, John W. 2005. The Architecture of Roman Temples: The Republic to the Middle Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. External links[edit] Library resources about Temple of Antoninus and Faustina Online books Resources in your library Resources in other libraries Wikimedia Commons has media related to Temple of Antoninus and Faustina (Rome). Temple of Anoninus and Faustina at digitales Forum Romanum by Humboldt University of Berlin v t e Roman Forum Temples Temple of Antoninus and Faustina Temple of Divus Augustus Temple of Concord Temple of Castor and Pollux (Lacus Juturnae) Temple of Caesar Temple of Janus Temple of Jupiter Stator (8th century BC) Temple of Romulus Temple of Saturn (Altar of Saturn) Shrine of Venus Cloacina Temple of Venus and Roma Temple of Vespasian and Titus Temple of Vesta (House of the Vestals) Portico Dii Consentes Basilicas Basilica Aemilia (Basilica Fulvia) Basilica Julia (Basilica Sempronia) Basilica of Maxentius (Colossus of Constantine) Basilica Opimia Basilica Porcia Arches Arch of Augustus Arch of Tiberius Arch of Titus Arch of Septimius Severus Arch of Constantine Columns Columna Maenia Column of Phocas Five-Columns Monument Streets Milliarium Aureum Clivus Capitolinus Via Sacra Vicus Jugarius Vicus Tuscus Other List of monuments of the Roman Forum Cloaca Maxima Comitium (Ficus Ruminalis Graecostasis Lapis Niger Mamertine Prison Rostra) Curia (Curia Cornelia Curia Hostilia Curia Julia) Lacus Curtius Puteal Scribonianum Regia Gemonian stairs Tabularium Umbilicus urbis Romae Velian Hill Vulcanal v t e Landmarks of Rome Walls and gates Aurelian Walls Ardeatina Asinaria Latina Maggiore Metronia Nomentana Pia Pinciana Popolo Portese San Pancrazio San Paolo San Giovanni San Sebastiano Settimiana Tiburtina Leonine Wall Cavalleggeri Pertusa Santo Spirito Castra Praetoria Janiculum Wall Terreus Wall Romuli Wall Servian Wall Caelimontana Dolabella Gallienus Esquilina Ancient obelisks Lateran Obelisk Flaminian Obelisk Obelisk of Minerveo Obelisk of Montecitorio Ancient Roman landmarks triumphal arches Arch of Constantine Arch of Dolabella Arch of Drusus Arch of Gallienus Arch of Janus Arch of Septimius Severus Arch of Titus Arcus Novus aqueducts Aqua Alexandrina Aqua Anio Vetus Aqua Claudia Cloaca Maxima public baths Baths of Agrippa Baths of Caracalla Baths of Diocletian Baths of Nero Baths of Trajan religious Ara Pacis Temple of Antoninus and Faustina Temple of Apollo Palatinus Temple of Apollo Sosianus Temple of Hadrian Temple of Hercules Victor Temple of Janus Temple of Minerva Medica Temple of Portunus Temple of Saturn Temple of Vesta House of the Vestals Largo di Torre Argentina Lupercal Pantheon Porta Maggiore Basilica fora Roman Forum Imperial fora Forum of Augustus Forum of Caesar Forum of Nerva Forum of Vespasian Forum of Trajan Forum Boarium Forum Holitorium civic Basilica Argentaria Basilica Julia Basilica of Junius Bassus Basilica of Maxentius Basilica of Neptune Basilica Ulpia Comitium Curia Julia Portico Dii Consentes Porticus Octaviae Tabularium entertainment Auditorium of Maecenas Circus Maximus Circus of Maxentius Circus of Nero Colosseum Ludus Magnus Gardens of Sallust Stadium of Domitian Theatre of Marcellus Theatre of Pompey palaces and villae Domus Augustana Domus Aurea Domus Transitoria Flavian Palace House of Augustus Palace of Domitian Villa Gordiani Villa of Livia Insula dell'Ara Coeli Villa of the Quintilii Villa of the sette bassi column monuments Column of Antoninus Pius Column of Marcus Aurelius "Column of Phocas" Trajan's Column "Decennalia column" "Five-column monument" commerce Porticus Aemilia Trajan's Market tombs Casal Rotondo Catacombs of Domitilla Catacombs of Rome Catacombs of San Sebastiano Columbarium of Pomponius Hylas Mausoleum of Augustus Mausoleum of Helena Mausoleum of Maxentius Pyramid of Cestius Tomb of Eurysaces the Baker Tomb of Hilarus Fuscus Tomb of the Scipios Tombs of Via Latina Tomb of Priscilla Vigna Randanini bridges Pons Cestius Pons Fabricius Milvian Bridge Ponte Sant'Angelo Roman Catholic Basilicas Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran Basilica of Saint Mary Major Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls S. 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