Tisza - Wikipedia Tisza From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search river in Central and Eastern Europe For other uses, see Tisa (disambiguation) and Tisza (disambiguation). Tisza The Tisza in Szeged, Hungary Map of the Tisza Native name Tisza  (Hungarian) Tisa  (Romanian) Тиса  (Rusyn) Тиса  (Ukrainian) Tisa  (Slovak) Тиса / Tisa  (Serbian) Location Countries Ukraine Romania Hungary Slovakia Serbia Towns Sighetu Marmației Khust Szolnok Szeged Bečej Physical characteristics Source    • location Eastern Carpathians, Ukraine  • elevation 2,020 m (6,630 ft) Mouth Danube  • location Downstream of Novi Sad, Serbia  • coordinates 45°8′17″N 20°16′39″E / 45.13806°N 20.27750°E / 45.13806; 20.27750Coordinates: 45°8′17″N 20°16′39″E / 45.13806°N 20.27750°E / 45.13806; 20.27750[1] Length 966 km (600 mi) Basin size 156,087 km2 (60,266 sq mi) Discharge    • location mouth  • average 820 m3/s (29,000 cu ft/s) Basin features Progression Danube→ Black Sea Tributaries    • left Someș, Körös, Mureș, Bega  • right Bodrog, Sajó, Zagyva Hydrography of the Pannonian basin before the river and lake regulations in the 19th century. The Tisza, Tysa or Tisa, is one of the main rivers of Central and Eastern Europe. Once, it was called "the most Hungarian river" because it flowed entirely within the Kingdom of Hungary. Today, it crosses several national borders. The Tisza begins near Rakhiv in Ukraine, at the confluence of the White Tisa and Black Tisa (the former springs in the Chornohora mountains; the latter in the Gorgany range). From there, the Tisza flows west, roughly following Ukraine's borders with Romania and Hungary, then shortly as border between Slovakia and Hungary, later into Hungary, and finally into Serbia. It enters Hungary at Tiszabecs. It traverses Hungary from north to south. A few kilometers south of the Hungarian city of Szeged, it enters Serbia. Finally, it joins the Danube near the village of Stari Slankamen in Vojvodina, Serbia. The Tisza drains an area of about 156,087 km2 (60,266 sq mi)[2] and has a length of 966 km (600 mi)[3] Its mean annual discharge is 792 m3/s (28,000 cu ft/s). It contributes about 13% of the Danube's total runoff.[2] Attila the Hun is said to have been buried under a diverted section of the river Tisza. Contents 1 Names 2 Regulation 3 Lake Tisza 4 Navigation 5 Wildlife 6 Pollution 7 Geography 7.1 Tributaries 7.2 Cities and towns 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Names[edit] The river was known as the Tisia in antiquity; other ancient names for it included Tissus (in Latin) and Pathissus (Πάθισσος in Ancient Greek), (Pliny, Naturalis historia, 4.25). It may be referred to as the Theiss in older English references, after the German name for the river, Theiß. It is known as the Tibisco in Italian, and in older French references (as for instance in relation to the naval battles on the Danube between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Empire in the 17th and 18th centuries) it is often referred to as the Tibisque. Modern names for the Tisza in the languages of the countries it flows through include: Romanian: Tisa, pronounced [ˈtisa]; Ukrainian: Тиса, romanized: Tysa, pronounced [ˈtɪsɐ]; Slovak: Tisa, pronounced [ˈtisa]; Hungarian: Tisza, pronounced [ˈtisɒ]; Serbian: Тиса / Tisa, pronounced [tîsa]. Regulation[edit] The length of the Tisza in Hungary used to be 1,419 km (882 mi). It flowed through the Great Hungarian Plain, which is one of the largest flat areas in central Europe. Since plains can cause a river to flow very slowly, the Tisza used to follow a path with many curves and turns, which led to many large floods in the area. After several small-scale attempts, István Széchenyi organised the "regulation of the Tisza" (Hungarian: a Tisza szabályozása) which started on August 27 1846, and substantially ended in 1880. The new length of the river in Hungary was reduced to 966 km (600 mi) in total, with 589 km (366 mi) of dead channels and 136 km (85 mi) of new riverbed.[4] Lake Tisza[edit] In the 1970s, the building of the Tisza Dam at Kisköre started with the purpose of helping to control floods as well as storing water for drought seasons. However, the resulting Lake Tisza became one of the most popular tourist destinations in Hungary since it had similar features to Lake Balaton at drastically cheaper prices and was not crowded. Navigation[edit] The Tisza is navigable over much of its course. The river opened up for international navigation only recently; before, Hungary distinguished "national rivers" and "international rivers", indicating whether non-Hungarian vessels were allowed or not. After Hungary joined the European Union, this distinction was lifted and vessels were allowed on the Tisza.[5] Conditions of navigation differ with the circumstances: when the river is in flood, it is often unnavigable, just as it is at times of extreme drought.[6] Wildlife[edit] The Tisza has a rich and varied wildlife. Over 200 species of birds reside in the bird reserve of Tiszafüred. The flood plains along the river boast large amounts of diverse plant and animal life. In particular, the yearly "flowering" of the Tisza is considered a local natural wonder. The flowering attracts vast numbers of mayflies which is a well known spectacle.[7][8] In September 2020, colonies of magnificent bryozoans were discovered in the river.[9] Pollution[edit] Main article: 2000 Baia Mare cyanide spill In early 2000, there was a sequence of serious pollution incidents originating from accidental industrial discharges in Romania. The first, in January 2000, occurred when there was a release of sludge containing cyanide from a Romanian mine and killed 2,000 tonnes (2,000 long tons; 2,200 short tons) of fish. The second, from a mine pond at Baia Borsa, northern Romania, resulted in the release of 20,000 cubic metres (710,000 cu ft) of sludge containing zinc, lead and copper occurred in early March 2000. A week later, the third spill occurred at the same mining site at Baia Borsa, staining the river black, possibly including heavy metals.[10] This series of incidents were described at the time as the most serious environmental disaster to hit central Europe since the Chernobyl disaster. Use of river water for any purpose was temporarily banned and the Hungarian government pressed the Romanians and the European Union to close all installations that could lead to further pollution.[10] Examination of river sediments indicates that pollution incidents from mines have occurred for over a century.[11] Geography[edit] Tributaries[edit] The rivers of Tisza and Bodrog at Tokaj, from above The Tisza joins the Danube. The following rivers are tributaries to the river Tisza: Vișeu (entering at Valea Vișeului) Kosivska (entering at Luh) Shopurka (entering at Velykyi Bychkiv) Iza (entering at Sighetu Marmației) Sarasău Bic Săpânța Șaroș Teresva (entering near Teresva) Baia Valea lui Francisc Tereblia (entering at Bushtyno) Rika (entering near Khust) Batar Borzhava Tur Someș (entering near Vásárosnamény) Someșul Mare (in Dej) Șieu (in Beclean) Bistrița (near Bistrița) Someșul Mic (in Dej) Someșul Cald (in Gilău) Someșul Rece (in Gilău) Crasna (entering in Vásárosnamény) Bodrog (entering in Tokaj) Ondava (near Cejkov) Latorica (near Cejkov) Laborec (near Oborín) Uzh (near Pavlovce nad Uhom) Cirocha (in Humenné) Stara Vicha Kerepets Sajó (entering near Tiszaújváros) Hornád (near Kesznyéten) Eger (entering in Poroszló) Zagyva (entering in Szolnok) Körös (entering near Csongrád) Sebes-Körös (near Gyoma) Berettyó (Barcău) (in Szeghalom) Crișul Alb (near Gyula) Crișul Negru (near Gyula) Mureș (entering near Szeged) Arieș (near Gura Arieșului) Târnava (near Teiuș) Târnava Mare (in Blaj) Târnava Mică (in Blaj) Aranca (entering near Padej) Čik (entering near Bačko Petrovo Selo) Jegrička (entering near Žabalj) Bega (entering near Titel) Cities and towns[edit] The Tisza (Tisa) flows through the following countries and cities (ordered from the source to mouth):  Ukraine Rakhiv Tiachiv Khust Vynohradiv  Slovakia Malé Trakany Veľké Trakany Biel  Romania Sighetu Marmației  Hungary Vásárosnamény Záhony Tokaj Tiszalök Tiszaújváros Tiszafüred Szolnok Tiszakécske Csongrád Szentes Szeged  Serbia Kanjiža Novi Kneževac Senta Ada Mol Bačko Petrovo Selo Bečej Novi Bečej Titel See also[edit] Tice (wetlands) Ečka fish pond References[edit] ^ Tisza at GEOnet Names Server ^ a b Tockner, Klement; Uehlinger, Urs; Robinson, Christopher T., eds. (2009). Rivers of Europe (First ed.). London: Academic Press. Sec. 3.9.5. ISBN 978-0-12-369449-2. ^ "Analysis of the Tisza River Basin 2007- Initial step toward the Tisza River Basin Management Plan – 2009" (PDF). www.icpdr.or. March 2008. Retrieved 5 February 2021. ^ "Danube + Tisza River". danube.panda.org. Retrieved 5 November 2019. ^ "Declaration On Co-Operation Concerning The Tisza/Tisa River Basin And Initiative On The Sustainable Spatial Development Of The Tisza/Tisa River | International Environmental Agreements (IEA) Database Project". iea.uoregon.edu. Retrieved 2019-02-03. ^ NoorderSoft Waterway Database; accessed 13 March 2016. ^ Konyvek, Szalay (2009). Our Beloved Hungaricums. Pannon-Literatura Kft. p. 94. ISBN 978-963-251-145 0. ^ Klaushik. "Blooming of the Tisza". amusingplanet.com. Retrieved 25 November 2019. ^ Đorđe Đukić (8 September 2020). "Otkriveni organizmi stari 500 miliona godina" [Organisms originating rom 500 million years ago discovered]. Politika (in Serbian). p. 12. ^ a b "Third pollution spill hits Hungary". BBC. 15 March 2000. Retrieved 11 October 2010. ^ H. L. Nguyen, M. Braun, I. Szaloki, W. Baeyens, R. Van Grieken and M. Leermakers (30 October 2008). "Tracing the Metal Pollution History of the Tisza River". Springer. doi:10.1007/s11270-008-9898-2. S2CID 94627373. Retrieved 11 October 2010. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tisza. Backabanat.com, About Tisza Historia.hu, the Living Tisza (in Hungarian) River Basin Report: Tisza River Ywat.org Awarded "EDEN - European Destinations of Excellence" non traditional tourist destination 2010 v t e The Danube Countries Germany Austria Slovakia Hungary Croatia Serbia Bulgaria Romania Moldova Ukraine Cities Ulm Ingolstadt Regensburg Passau Linz Vienna Bratislava Győr Budapest Vukovar Novi Sad Belgrade Vidin Ruse Brăila Galați Izmail Tulcea Tributaries Iller Lech Regen Isar Inn Morava Váh Hron Ipeľ/Ipoly Drava Tisza/Tisa Sava Timiș/Tamiš Great Morava Timok Jiu Iskar Olt Osam Yantra Vedea Argeș Ialomița Siret Prut Canals Rhine–Main–Danube Canal Danube–Black Sea Canal See also Breg Brigach Source Danube Delta List of islands in the Danube List of crossings of the Danube Internationalization Authority control General Integrated Authority File VIAF 1 WorldCat National libraries United States Czech Republic Romania portal Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tisza&oldid=1027754811" Categories: Rivers of Romania Rivers of Maramureș County Tisza basin Rivers of Hungary Rivers of Zakarpattia Oblast Rivers of Slovakia Rivers of Serbia International rivers of Europe Geography of Vojvodina Bačka Banat Tributaries of the Danube Geography of Bács-Kiskun County Hungary–Slovakia border Hungary–Ukraine border Hungary–Serbia border Ramsar sites in Slovakia Braided rivers in Ukraine Border rivers Hidden categories: CS1 Serbian-language sources (sr) CS1 errors: missing periodical CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Articles containing Hungarian-language text Articles containing Romanian-language text Articles containing Rusyn-language text Articles containing Ukrainian-language text Articles containing Slovak-language text Articles containing Serbian-language text Coordinates on Wikidata Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text Articles containing German-language text Commons link is on Wikidata Articles with Hungarian-language sources (hu) Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages Afrikaans Alemannisch العربية Aragonés Asturianu Azərbaycanca تۆرکجه Башҡортса Беларуская Беларуская (тарашкевіца) Български Bosanski Català Чӑвашла Cebuano Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hornjoserbsce Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Jawa ქართული Қазақша Кыргызча Latina Latviešu Lietuvių Magyar Македонски മലയാളം მარგალური مصرى مازِرونی Bahasa Melayu Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Norsk nynorsk Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча پنجابی Polski Português Română Русиньскый Русский Shqip Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Türkmençe Удмурт Українська Tiếng Việt 吴语 ייִדיש 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 9 June 2021, at 20:13 (UTC). 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