Geta (emperor) - Wikipedia Geta (emperor) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Roman emperor from 209 to 211 For other people with the same name, see Publius Septimius Geta (disambiguation). Roman emperor Geta Bust in the Louvre Roman emperor Reign 209 – 26 December 211 Predecessor Septimius Severus Successor Caracalla Co-emperors Septimius Severus (until February 211) Caracalla Born 7 March 189 Rome Died 26 December 211 (aged 22) Names Publius Septimius Geta Dynasty Severan Father Septimius Severus Mother Julia Domna Publius Septimius Geta (/ˈɡɛtə/; 7 March 189 – 26 December 211)[1] was Roman emperor with his father Septimius Severus and older brother Caracalla from 209, when he was named augustus like his brother, who had held the title since 198. Severus died in 211, and although he intended for his sons to rule together, they proved incapable of sharing power, culminating with the murder of Geta in December of that year.[2] Contents 1 Early life 2 Joint Emperor 3 Portrait 4 Gallery 5 Severan dynasty family tree 6 See also 7 References 8 Bibliography 9 External links Early life[edit] Roman imperial dynasties The Severan Tondo Severan dynasty Chronology Septimius Severus 193–211 Caracalla 198–217 Geta 209–211 Interlude: Macrinus 217–218 —with Diadumenian 218 Elagabalus 218–222 Severus Alexander 222–235 Dynasty Severan dynasty family tree All biographies Succession Preceded by Year of the Five Emperors Followed by Crisis of the Third Century Geta was the younger son of Septimius Severus by his second wife Julia Domna. Geta was born in Rome, at a time when his father was only a provincial governor at the service of Emperor Commodus. In 198, Geta was raised to caesar. Septimius Severus gave Geta the title of augustus in 209. During the campaign against the Britons in the early 3rd century AD, imperial propaganda promoted the image of a happy family that shared the responsibilities of rule. Caracalla acted as the emperor's second in command, and administrative and bureaucratic duties were Geta's responsibility. In reality, however, the rivalry and antipathy between the brothers did not abate. With the death of Emperor Septimius Severus, Geta and his brother Caracalla both became emperors.[3] Joint Emperor[edit] When Septimius Severus died in Eboracum in early 211, Caracalla and Geta were proclaimed joint emperors and returned to Rome. Their mother, Julia Domna, who had served as a crucial advisor and confidante to her husband, was able to maintain her political influence over two co-emperors. It is said that on the journey from Britain to Rome the two brothers kept well away from each other, not once lodging in the same house or sharing a common meal.[4] Their joint rule was a failure. The Imperial Palace in Rome was divided into two separate sections, and neither allowed the servants of the other into his own. They only met in the presence of their mother, and with a strong military guard, being in constant fear of assassination.[5] The current stability of their joint government was only through the mediation and leadership of their mother, Julia Domna, accompanied by other senior courtiers and generals in the military. The historian Herodian asserted that the brothers decided to split the empire in two halves, but with the strong opposition of their mother, the idea was rejected, when, by the end of 211, the situation had become unbearable.[6] Caracalla tried unsuccessfully to murder Geta during the festival of Saturnalia (17 December). Finally, on the 26th of December, Caracalla had his mother arrange a peace meeting with his brother in his mother's apartments, thus depriving Geta of his bodyguards, and then had him murdered in her arms by centurions.[7] Deleted mention of Geta in an inscription after his damnatio memoriae (Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Cagliari) Caracalla ordered the damnation of his memory, which was thoroughly carried out, as is clear from the archaeological record.[8][9] Reportedly, Caracalla was thereafter tormented by guilt over his deed, but sought to expiate it by adding to this crime the proscription of all his brother's former followers.[10] Cassius Dio stated that around 20,000 men and women were killed or proscribed on this charge during this time.[11] Portrait[edit] Very few marble portraits attributable to Geta survive to date, presumably due to the very thorough damnatio memoriae which resulted in the erasing of his images. However Roman coins with his image are plentiful, and can reflect how his father Septimius Severus and mother Julia Domna and later Geta himself wanted him to be seen by the Roman people (and especially the Roman military). Images of Geta and his older brother Caracalla cannot be well distinguished until the death of the father. Both sons were supposed to be presented as equally suitable heirs to the throne, showing thus more "depth" to the dynasty. On his coins, Caracalla, who became augustus in 198, was shown with a wreath of laurels, while Geta remained bareheaded until he himself became augustus in 209.[12] Between 209 and their father's death in February 211, both brothers were shown as equally mature young men with a short full beard, ready to take over the empire. Between the death of Septimus Severus and the assassination of Geta, Caracalla's portraits did not change, while Geta was depicted with a long beard with hanging hairs, much like his father, a strong indication of Geta's efforts to be seen as the "true" successor of his father.[12] The Severan Tondo panel painting depicts Septimius Severus and his family with an obliterated face assumed to be Geta. Gallery[edit] Head of young Geta at Glyptothek, Munich Caracalla and Geta's mother, Julia Domna, served as their mediator during their joint reign and helped them in the administration of the empire. Geta Dying in his Mother's Arms by Jacques-Augustin-Catherine Pajou, Staatsgalerie, Stuttgart, Germany A denarius of Geta. Severan dynasty family tree[edit] v t e Severan family tree Septimius Macer Gaius Claudius Septimius Aper Fulvius Pius Lucius Septimius Severus Publius Septimius Aper Gaius Septimius Aper Fulvia Pia Publius Septimius Geta Septimia Polla Julius Bassianus Septimius Publius Septimius Geta Septimia Octavilla Paccia Marciana (1) Septimius Severus (r. 193–211)[i] Julia Domna (2) Julia Maesa Gaius Julius Avitus Alexianus Gaius Septimius Severus Aper Fulvia Plautilla Caracalla (r. 197–217)[ii] Geta (r. 209–211)[iii] Julia Soaemias Sextus Varius Marcellus Julia Avita Mamaea Marcus Julius Gessius Marcianus[iv] (2) Julia Cornelia Paula (1) Aquilia Severa (2 and 4) Elagabalus (r. 218–222)[v] Annia Faustina (3) Sallustia Orbiana Severus Alexander (r. 222–235)[vi] (1) = 1st spouse (2) = 2nd spouse (3) = 3rd spouse (4) = 4th spouse Dark green indicates an emperor of the Severan dynasty Notes: Except where otherwise noted, the notes below indicate that an individual's parentage is as shown in the above family tree. ^ Birley, Anthony R. (1999). Septimius Severus: The African Emperor. London: Routledge. p. i. ^ Burrell, Barbara (2004). Neokoroi: Greek Cities and Roman Emperors. p. 216. ^ Burrell, Barbara (2004). Neokoroi: Greek Cities and Roman Emperors. p. 247. ^ Birley, Anthony R. (1999). Septimius Severus: The African Emperor. London: Routledge. p. 217. ^ Gibbon, Edward; Smith, William (1889). The Student's Gibbon: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. p. 45. ^ Gibbon, Edward; Smith, William (1889). The Student's Gibbon: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. p. 47. Bibliography: Birley, Anthony R. (1999). Septimius Severus: The African Emperor. London: Routledge. ISBN 0415165911. Gibbon, Edward; Smith, William (1889). The Student's Gibbon: The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. London: Murray. OCLC 993285639. See also[edit] Septimia gens Severan dynasty family tree References[edit] ^ Birley 1999, p. 324. ^ Varner, Eric R. Mutilation and Transformation: Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial Portraiture (2004) Brill Academic Publishers. p. 168 ^ https://www.roman-emperors.org/geta.htm ^ Edward Gibbon, The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire, (The Modern Library, 1932), chap. VI., p. 114 ^ Gibbon, Ibid. ^ Herodian, History of the Empire from the death of Marcus, IV., p. 144 ^ Gibbon, Ibid. p. 115 ^ Dunstan, William, E. (2011). Ancient Rome. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield. pp. 405–406. ISBN 978-0-7425-6832-7. ^ Goldsworthy, Adrian (2009). How Rome Fell: death of a superpower. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. 70–71. ISBN 978-0-300-16426-8. ^ Gibbon, Ibid. ^ Cassius Dio, Roman History [1] ^ a b (in German) Andreas Pangerl: Porträttypen des Caracalla und des Geta auf Römischen Reichsprägungen - Definition eines neuen Caesartyps des Caracalla und eines neuen Augustustyps des Geta; Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt des RGZM Mainz 43, 2013, 1, 99–116 Bibliography[edit] Dio Cassius lxxvii; Herodian iv. I. Birley, Anthony R. (1999) [1971]. Septimius Severus: The African Emperor. London: Routledge. ISBN 0415165911.CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) External links[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Publius Septimius Geta. Life of Geta (Historia Augusta at LacusCurtius: Latin text and English translation) Geta (emperor) Severan dynasty Born: 7 March 189  Died: 19 December 211 Regnal titles Preceded by Septimius Severus Roman Emperor 209–211 With: Septimius Severus and Caracalla Succeeded by Caracalla Political offices Preceded by Lucius Fabius Cilo, Marcus Annius Flavius Libo Consul of the Roman Empire 205 with Caracalla Succeeded by Marcus Nummius Umbrius Primus Senecio Albinus, Lucius Fulvius Gavius Numisius Petronius Aemilianus Preceded by Lucius Annius Maximus, Gaius Septimius Severus Aper Consul of the Roman Empire 208 with Caracalla Succeeded by Lucius Aurelius Commodus Pompeianus, Quintus Hedius Lollianus Plautius Avitus Legendary titles VacantInterregnum Title last held by Lucius King of Britain Succeeded by Bassianus v t e Roman and Byzantine emperors and ruling empresses Principate 27 BC – AD 235 Augustus Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero Galba Otho Vitellius Vespasian Titus Domitian Nerva Trajan Hadrian Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius Lucius Verus Commodus Pertinax Didius Julianus (Pescennius Niger) (Clodius Albinus) Septimius Severus Caracalla Geta Macrinus Diadumenian Elagabalus Severus Alexander Crisis 235–285 Maximinus Thrax Gordian I Gordian II Pupienus Balbinus Gordian III Philip the Arab Philip II Decius Herennius Etruscus Hostilian Trebonianus Gallus Volusianus Aemilianus Valerian Gallienus Saloninus Claudius Gothicus Quintillus Aurelian Ulpia Severina Tacitus Florian Probus Carus Carinus Numerian Gallic emperors Postumus (Laelianus) Marius Victorinus (Domitianus II) Tetricus I with Tetricus II as caesar Palmyrene emperors Vaballathus Zenobia Septimius Antiochus Dominate 284–395 Diocletian Maximian Galerius Constantius I Severus Constantine the Great Maxentius Licinius Maximinus Daza (Valerius Valens) (Martinian) Constantine II Constantius II Constans I Magnentius Vetranio Julian Jovian Valentinian I (west) Valens (east) Gratian (west) Valentinian II (west) Theodosius I Magnus Maximus Victor (Eugenius) Western Empire 395–480 Honorius Constantine III with son Constans II Constantius III Joannes Valentinian III Petronius Maximus Avitus Majorian Libius Severus Anthemius Olybrius Glycerius Julius Nepos Romulus Augustulus Eastern/ Byzantine Empire 395–1204 Arcadius Theodosius II Marcian Leo I Leo II Zeno Basiliscus Marcus Anastasius I Dicorus Justin I Justinian I Justin II Tiberius II Constantine Maurice with son Theodosius as co-emperor Phocas Heraclius Constantine III Heraklonas Constans II Constantine IV with brothers Heraclius and Tiberius and then Justinian II as co-emperors Justinian II (first reign) Leontios Tiberius III Justinian II (second reign) with son Tiberius as co-emperor Philippikos Anastasios II Theodosius III Leo III the Isaurian Constantine V Artabasdos Leo IV the Khazar Constantine VI Irene Nikephoros I Staurakios Michael I Rangabe with son Theophylact as co-emperor Leo V the Armenian with Symbatios-Constantine as junior emperor Michael II the Amorian Theophilos Michael III Basil I the Macedonian Leo VI the Wise Alexander Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos Romanos I Lekapenos with sons Christopher, Stephen and Constantine as junior co-emperors Romanos II Nikephoros II Phokas John I Tzimiskes Basil II Constantine VIII Zoë (first reign) and Romanos III Argyros Zoë (first reign) and Michael IV the Paphlagonian Michael V Kalaphates Zoë (second reign) with Theodora Zoë (second reign) and Constantine IX Monomachos Constantine IX Monomachos (sole emperor) Theodora Michael VI Bringas Isaac I Komnenos Constantine X Doukas Romanos IV Diogenes Michael VII Doukas with brothers Andronikos and Konstantios and son Constantine Nikephoros III Botaneiates Alexios I Komnenos John II Komnenos with Alexios Komnenos as co-emperor Manuel I Komnenos Alexios II Komnenos Andronikos I Komnenos with John Komnenos as co-emperor Isaac II Angelos Alexios III Angelos Alexios IV Angelos Nicholas Kanabos (chosen by the Senate) Alexios V Doukas Empire of Nicaea 1204–1261 Constantine Laskaris Theodore I Laskaris John III Doukas Vatatzes Theodore II Laskaris John IV Laskaris Byzantine Empire 1261–1453 Michael VIII Palaiologos Andronikos II Palaiologos with Michael IX Palaiologos as co-emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos John V Palaiologos John VI Kantakouzenos with John V Palaiologos and Matthew Kantakouzenos as co-emperors John V Palaiologos Andronikos IV Palaiologos John VII Palaiologos Andronikos V Palaiologos Manuel II Palaiologos John VIII Palaiologos Constantine XI Palaiologos Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, while underlining indicates a usurper. Authority control General Integrated Authority File ISNI 1 VIAF 1 WorldCat National libraries France (data) United States Netherlands Vatican Art research institutes Artist Names (Getty) Other Faceted Application of Subject Terminology SUDOC (France) 1 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geta_(emperor)&oldid=1027663623" Categories: 189 births 211 deaths 2nd-century Punic people 3rd-century Punic people 3rd-century Roman emperors 3rd-century murdered monarchs British traditional history Burials at the Castel Sant'Angelo Characters in works by Geoffrey of Monmouth Deified Roman emperors Emesene dynasty Imperial Roman consuls Murdered Roman emperors People from Homs Roman emperors to suffer posthumous denigration or damnatio memoriae Septimii Severan dynasty Sons of Roman emperors Roman pharaohs Hidden categories: Articles with German-language sources (de) Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata CS1 maint: ref duplicates default Commons category link is on Wikidata Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with VcBA identifiers Wikipedia articles with ULAN identifiers Wikipedia articles with FAST identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages العربية تۆرکجه Bân-lâm-gú Беларуская Български Brezhoneg Català Čeština Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Frysk Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Hrvatski Bahasa Indonesia Íslenska Italiano ქართული Kiswahili Kongo Kurdî Latina Lietuvių Magyar मराठी مصرى Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Occitan Piemontèis Polski Português Română Русский Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog ไทย Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt 吴语 Yorùbá Zazaki 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 9 June 2021, at 07:52 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Mobile view Developers Statistics Cookie statement