Leo II (emperor) - Wikipedia Leo II (emperor) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Eastern Roman emperor in 474 Roman emperor in the East Leo II Illustration of Leo II (right) with his grandfather Leo I (left) from the Icones Imperatorum Romanorum (1557), based on coins bearing their image Roman emperor in the East Reign 18 January – 17 November 474 Coronation 17 November 473 Predecessor Leo I Successor Zeno Alongside Leo I (until 18 January) Zeno (from 9 February) Glycerius (West, 473–474) Julius Nepos (West, 474) Born Summer 469 AD[1][2] Died 17 November 474 (aged 5) Constantinople Burial Church of the Holy Apostles Dynasty Leonid Father Zeno Mother Ariadne Solidus of Leo II, marked: d·n· leo et zeno p·p· aug·("Our Lords Leo and Zeno, Fathers of the Fatherland, Augusti")showing Leo and Zeno enthroned and nimbate and each holding a mappa on the reverse, marked: salus reipublicae ("the Health of the Republic") Leo II (Greek: Λέων, Leōn; 469 – 17 November 474 AD), nicknamed "the Younger" or "the Small" (Greek: ὁ μικρός, translit. ho Mikrós),[3] was briefly Roman emperor in 474 when he was a child aged six or seven. He was the son of Zeno, the Isaurian general and future emperor, and Ariadne, a daughter of the emperor Leo I (r. 457–474), who ruled the eastern Roman empire. Leo II was made co-emperor with his grandfather Leo I on 17 November 473, and became sole emperor on 18 January 474 after Leo I died of dysentery. His father Zeno was made co-emperor by the Byzantine Senate on 29 January and they co-ruled for a short time before Leo II died ten months later,[4] probably on 17 November.[5] Contents 1 History 2 References 2.1 Primary sources 2.2 Citations 2.3 Bibliography History[edit] Leo II was born in 469, the son of Zeno, an Isaurian general under Leo I, and Ariadne, the daughter of then emperor Leo I.[6] He was the maternal grandson of Emperor Leo I and Empress Verina.[7] Leo II was made caesar in late 472 and then augustus in 17 November 473,[1][2][4] and made him co-emperor alongside his grandfather.[6][7][8] He was crowned at the Hippodrome of Constantinople, and the ceremony was presided over by the Ecumenical Patriarch.[9] He was also appointed as the sole consul for 474 around this time.[8] When Leo I died of dysentery on 18 January 474, Leo II ascended the throne as sole augustus.[6][7][10][11] Some weeks later, the Byzantine Senate made his father Zeno co-augustus under Leo II, as Leo II was too young to sign official documents.[8][12] Leo II died soon after, on 17 November 474,[5][8][13] at the age of 5, leaving Zeno as the sole emperor.[6][7] His death having occurred so soon after he became emperor has led to speculation among some modern scholars that he was poisoned by his mother Ariadne so that Zeno could ascend to the throne. However no contemporary sources raised this suggestion, even though Zeno was unpopular, thus it is considered likely that Leo II's death was natural, especially when the high child mortality rate of the time is considered.[6][7][10] Victor of Tonona, a 6th-century chronicler, says that Leo II did not actually die, but was rather taken by Ariadne and hidden at a monastery. This is very likely a confusion with Basiliscus, the son of the Byzantine commander Armatus. Basiliscus was crowned caesar in 476 and was almost executed in 477 after his father was murdered by Zeno, but was saved by Ariadne. The confusion likely stems from the fact that Basiliscus was renamed Leo in order to avoid association with the usurper who rose against Zeno.[14] Zeno was vastly unpopular, due to a lack of dynastic prestige, with his only familial ties to the imperial throne being his marriage to Ariadne, the daughter of Leo I, and through his now-dead son Leo II. Additionally, because he was an Isaurian, he was seen as a foreigner by the Byzantine elite, and the treasury was empty on his ascension.[15] Zeno's sole rule was opposed by the Leonid dynasty, with Verina, the widow of Leo I, proclaiming her brother Basiliscus as emperor in January 475. Zeno fled, and for 20 months Basiliscus ruled before Zeno returned and retook the throne.[7][16] Zeno's rule was marked by constant unrest, and it was only through cunning and bribery that he managed to rule for 17 years, until his death on 9 April 491.[7][15][16] References[edit] Primary sources[edit] Anonymus Valesianus II (Anonymous, 6th century).[17] Chronicon Paschale (Anonymous, 7th century).[17] Makhtbhanuth Zabhne (Bar Hebraeus, 13th century).[18] Chronicle of Domninos (6th century).[19] Ecclesiastical History of Evagrius Scholasticus (6th century).[17] Book XIV of the Chronographia of John Malalas (6th century).[20] Romana (Jordanes, 6th century).[17] Chronicle of Michael the Syrian (12th century).[18] Chronicle of Nestorianos (6th century).[21] Chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor (8th century).[18] Chronicle of Victor of Tonona (6th century).[17] Extracts of History (Joannes Zonaras, 12th century).[17] Citations[edit] ^ a b Croke, Brian (2021). Roman Emperors in Context: Theodosius to Justinian. Routledge. pp. 139–152. ISBN 9781000388305. ^ a b Kosiński, Rafał (2003). "Leo II - Some chronological questions". A Journal of Ancient History. 3: 209–214. ^ Bury, J. B. (1958) [1889]. "Chapter X: the reign of Leo I". History of the Later Roman Empire. 1. New York: Dover Publications. pp. 323, note 1. ISBN 978-0-486-14338-5. ^ a b Elton, Hugh (2018). The Roman Empire in Late Antiquity. Cambridge University Press. p. 202. ISBN 9780521899314. ^ a b The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, p. 1207 ^ a b c d e Carr 2015, p. 55. ^ a b c d e f g Lee 2013, p. 100. ^ a b c d James 2013, p. 110. ^ Dagron 2003, pp. 81–82. ^ a b Adkins & Adkins 2004, p. 38. ^ Meijer 2004, p. 159. ^ Kosinski 2016, p. 148. sfn error: no target: CITEREFKosinski2016 (help) ^ Allen, Pauline, ed. (2000). "Zeno and Basiliscus". The Cambridge Ancient History. XIV. p. 816. ISBN 9780521325912. ^ Shalev-Hurvitz 2015, p. 231. ^ a b Jones 2014, p. 91. ^ a b Freely 2010, p. 108. ^ a b c d e f Jones & Martindale 1980, p. 141. ^ a b c McClanan 2016, p. 67. ^ Jeffreys, Croke & Scott 2017, p. 33. ^ Jeffreys, Croke & Scott 2017, p. 2. ^ Jeffreys, Croke & Scott 2017, p. 142. Bibliography[edit] Adkins, Lesley; Adkins, Roy A. (2004). Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome. New York: Facts On File. ISBN 9780816074822. Carr, John (2015). Fighting Emperors of Byzantium. Pen and Sword. ISBN 9781473856400. Cooley, Alison E. (2012). The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-84026-2. Dagron, Gilbert (2003). Emperor and Priest: the Imperial Office in Byzantium. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521801232. Freely, John (2010). Children of Achilles: the Greeks in Asia Minor Since the Days of Troy. London: I. B. Tauris. ISBN 9781845119416. James, Liz (2013). Wonderful things: Byzantium Through Its Art: Papers From the 42nd Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, London, 20-22 March 2009. Farnham: Ashgate Variorum. ISBN 9781409455141. Jeffreys, Elizabeth; Croke, Brian; Scott, Roger (2017). Studies in John Malalas. BRILL. ISBN 9789004344624. Jones, A.H.M. (2014). The Decline of the Ancient World. Routledge. ISBN 9781317873051. Jones, Arnold Hugh Martin; Martindale, J. R. (1980). The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire: Volume 2, AD 395-527. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521201599. Lee, A. D. (2013). From Rome to Byzantium AD 363 to 565: the Transformation of Ancient Rome. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 9780748668359. McClanan, A. (2016). Representations of Early Byzantine Empresses: Image and Empire. Springer. ISBN 9781137044693. McEvoy, M. A. (2019). 'Leo II, Zeno, and the transfer of power from a son to his father in AD 474', in J.-W. Drijvers and N. Lenski (eds). The Fifth Century: Age of Transformation. Edipuglia. Meijer, Fik (2004). Emperors Don't Die in Bed. Routledge. ISBN 9781134384051. Shalev-Hurvitz, Vered (2015). Holy Sites Encircled: The Early Byzantine Concentric Churches of Jerusalem. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199653775. Leo II (emperor) Leonid dynasty Born: 469 Died: 17 November 474 Regnal titles Preceded by Leo I Eastern Roman emperor 474 Succeeded by Zeno Political offices Preceded by Leo I Roman consul 474 Succeeded by Zeno v t e Roman and Byzantine emperors and ruling empresses Principate 27 BC – AD 235 Augustus Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero Galba Otho Vitellius Vespasian Titus Domitian Nerva Trajan Hadrian Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius Lucius Verus Commodus Pertinax Didius Julianus (Pescennius Niger) (Clodius Albinus) Septimius Severus Caracalla Geta Macrinus Diadumenian Elagabalus Severus Alexander Crisis 235–285 Maximinus Thrax Gordian I Gordian II Pupienus Balbinus Gordian III Philip the Arab Philip II Decius Herennius Etruscus Hostilian Trebonianus Gallus Volusianus Aemilianus Valerian Gallienus Saloninus Claudius Gothicus Quintillus Aurelian Ulpia Severina Tacitus Florian Probus Carus Carinus Numerian Gallic emperors Postumus (Laelianus) Marius Victorinus (Domitianus II) Tetricus I with Tetricus II as caesar Palmyrene emperors Vaballathus Zenobia Septimius Antiochus Dominate 284–395 Diocletian Maximian Galerius Constantius I Severus Constantine the Great Maxentius Licinius Maximinus Daza (Valerius Valens) (Martinian) Constantine II Constantius II Constans I Magnentius Vetranio Julian Jovian Valentinian I (west) Valens (east) Gratian (west) Valentinian II (west) Theodosius I Magnus Maximus Victor (Eugenius) Western Empire 395–480 Honorius Constantine III with son Constans II Constantius III Joannes Valentinian III Petronius Maximus Avitus Majorian Libius Severus Anthemius Olybrius Glycerius Julius Nepos Romulus Augustulus Eastern/ Byzantine Empire 395–1204 Arcadius Theodosius II Marcian Leo I Leo II Zeno Basiliscus Marcus Anastasius I Dicorus Justin I Justinian I Justin II Tiberius II Constantine Maurice with son Theodosius as co-emperor Phocas Heraclius Constantine III Heraklonas Constans II Constantine IV with brothers Heraclius and Tiberius and then Justinian II as co-emperors Justinian II (first reign) Leontios Tiberius III Justinian II (second reign) with son Tiberius as co-emperor Philippikos Anastasios II Theodosius III Leo III the Isaurian Constantine V Artabasdos Leo IV the Khazar Constantine VI Irene Nikephoros I Staurakios Michael I Rangabe with son Theophylact as co-emperor Leo V the Armenian with Symbatios-Constantine as junior emperor Michael II the Amorian Theophilos Michael III Basil I the Macedonian Leo VI the Wise Alexander Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos Romanos I Lekapenos with sons Christopher, Stephen and Constantine as junior co-emperors Romanos II Nikephoros II Phokas John I Tzimiskes Basil II Constantine VIII Zoë (first reign) and Romanos III Argyros Zoë (first reign) and Michael IV the Paphlagonian Michael V Kalaphates Zoë (second reign) with Theodora Zoë (second reign) and Constantine IX Monomachos Constantine IX Monomachos (sole emperor) Theodora Michael VI Bringas Isaac I Komnenos Constantine X Doukas Romanos IV Diogenes Michael VII Doukas with brothers Andronikos and Konstantios and son Constantine Nikephoros III Botaneiates Alexios I Komnenos John II Komnenos with Alexios Komnenos as co-emperor Manuel I Komnenos Alexios II Komnenos Andronikos I Komnenos with John Komnenos as co-emperor Isaac II Angelos Alexios III Angelos Alexios IV Angelos Nicholas Kanabos (chosen by the Senate) Alexios V Doukas Empire of Nicaea 1204–1261 Constantine Laskaris Theodore I Laskaris John III Doukas Vatatzes Theodore II Laskaris John IV Laskaris Byzantine Empire 1261–1453 Michael VIII Palaiologos Andronikos II Palaiologos with Michael IX Palaiologos as co-emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos John V Palaiologos John VI Kantakouzenos with John V Palaiologos and Matthew Kantakouzenos as co-emperors John V Palaiologos Andronikos IV Palaiologos John VII Palaiologos Andronikos V Palaiologos Manuel II Palaiologos John VIII Palaiologos Constantine XI Palaiologos Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, while underlining indicates a usurper. Authority control Integrated Authority File VIAF 1 WorldCat (via VIAF) Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leo_II_(emperor)&oldid=1020256060" Categories: 469 births 474 deaths 5th-century Byzantine emperors Ancient child rulers House of Leo Imperial Roman consuls Rulers who died as children Sons of Byzantine emperors Hidden categories: Harv and Sfn no-target errors Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Use dmy dates from January 2020 Good articles Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages Afrikaans Alemannisch العربية Aragonés تۆرکجه Беларуская Български Català Čeština Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Euskara فارسی Français Galego 客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî 한국어 Hrvatski Italiano עברית ქართული Latina Magyar Македонски مصرى Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Polski Português Română Русский Slovenčina Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Tagalog Türkçe Українська Tiếng Việt Zazaki 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 28 April 2021, at 02:41 (UTC). 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