Victorinus - Wikipedia Victorinus From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Roman emperor from 269 to 271 For other uses, see Victorinus (disambiguation). Augustus of Gaul and Britannia Victorinus Augustus of Gaul and Britannia Aureus of Victorinus, marked: imp· victorinus p·f· aug· Emperor of the Gallic Empire Reign 268–270[1] or 269–271[2] Predecessor Marcus Aurelius Marius Successor Tetricus I Born Roman Gaul Died 270 or early 271 Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (Cologne) Issue Victorinus Junior Names Marcus Piavonius Victorinus Regnal name Imperator Caesar Marcus Piavonius Victorinus Augustus Mother Victoria Marcus Piavonius Victorinus[note 1] was emperor in the Gallic provinces from 268 to 270[1] or 269 to 271,[2] following the brief reign of Marius. He was murdered by a jealous husband whose wife he tried to seduce. Contents 1 Reign 2 Notes 3 References 4 Sources 4.1 Primary sources 4.2 Secondary sources 5 External links Reign[edit] Mosaic with the name of Victorinus from Augusta Treverorum (CIL XIII, 03679 (4, p 43); Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier) Bronze double denarius of the Gallic Roman emperor Victorinus (269–271) found at U Thong, Thailand. Hailing from Gaul,[3] Victorinus was born to a family of great wealth,[2] and was a soldier under Postumus, the first of the so-called Gallic emperors.[1] He showed considerable ability, as he held the title of tribunus praetorianorum (tribune of the praetorians) in 266/267,[1][2] and rose swiftly to become co-consul with Postumus in 268.[4] It is also possible that Postumus then elevated him to the post of praetorian prefect.[5] After engineering the death of Marius, Victorinus was declared emperor by the troops located at Augusta Treverorum (Trier) in the fall of 269.[5] His principal concern was to prevent the western provinces from submitting to the central authority of the Roman Empire, a fact made clear to him from the first few weeks when only the provinces of Gaul, Germania and Britain recognised him. Hispania deserted the Gallic Empire and declared its loyalty to Claudius Gothicus.[5][2] Claudius then sent his trusted general Placidianus to south-east Gaul with instructions to bring over as many of the wavering cities as he could.[4] Very quickly Placidianus captured Cularo (Grenoble), but did not proceed any further.[5] The presence of Placidianus inspired the city of Augustodunum Haeduorum (Autun) to abandon Victorinus and declare its intention to declare for Claudius Gothicus.[4][5] This forced Victorinus to march south and besiege it, where it fell after seven months, after which Victorinus’ troops plundered and destroyed the city.[4][2] Victorinus returned to Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (Cologne) in triumph.[2] It remains a mystery just why Claudius did not authorise Placidianus to go to the relief of Augustodunum; however, it is speculated that Claudius, who was fully engaged either in Italy against the Alamanni or in the Balkans against the Goths, did not wish to open a second theatre of operations in Gaul, which would not only have involved a major military effort, but would also have required Claudius to assume responsibility for the defense of the Rhine frontier had he been successful.[6] There is evidence to suggest that Claudius was having some difficulties in the East, which also occupied his attention.[5] Victorinus was murdered at Colonia[1] in early 271[7] by Attitianus, one of his officers, whose wife Victorinus had supposedly seduced.[8] Since the motive was personal and not political,[2][8] Victorinus' mother, Victoria (or Vitruvia), was able to continue to hold power after the death of Victorinus and she arranged for his deification and, after considerable payment to the troops, the appointment of Tetricus I as his successor.[8][2] Another military commander appears to have been proclaimed as the emperor Domitianus II, but was soon eliminated.[citation needed] Victorinus is listed among the Thirty Tyrants in the Historia Augusta. The dubious Historia Augusta equally has a short description of Victorinus Junior, allegedly the son of Victorinus, who was appointed emperor by his family the day his father was murdered, and would have been killed immediately afterwards by the troops. The Historia Augusta also says that both father and son were buried near Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium in marble tombs.[9] Notes[edit] ^ Some of the inscriptions record his name as M. Piavvonius Victorinus, as does the first release of coins from the Colonia mint. A mosaic from Augusta Treverorum (Trier) lists him as Piaonius. References[edit] ^ a b c d e Martindale, p. 965 ^ a b c d e f g h i Polfer, Victorinus ^ Potter, p. 261 ^ a b c d Southern, p. 118 ^ a b c d e f Potter, p. 266 ^ Watson, Alaric (1999). Aurelian and the Third Century. London: Routledge. p. 90. ^ Potter, p. 272 ^ a b c Southern, p. 119 ^ Historia Augusta, Tyranni Triginta, 7:1 Sources[edit] Primary sources[edit] Aurelius Victor, Epitome de Caesaribus Aurelius Victor, Liber de Caesaribus Eutropius, Brevarium, Book 9 Historia Augusta, The Thirty Tyrants Secondary sources[edit] Southern, Pat (2001). The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine. Routledge. Potter, David Stone (2004). The Roman Empire at Bay, AD 180-395. Routledge. Jones, A.H.M.; Martindale, J.R. (1971). The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I: AD260-395. Cambridge University Press. Polfer, Michel (1999). "Victorinus (A.D. 269-271)". De Imperatoribus Romanis. J. F. Drinkwater, The Gallic Empire: Separatism and Continuity in the North-western Provinces of the Roman Empire A.D. 260–274 (Stuttgart 1987) External links[edit] Media related to Victorinus at Wikimedia Commons Works by Victorinus at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks) Regnal titles Preceded by Marcus Aurelius Marius Emperor of the Gallic Empire 269-271 Succeeded by Domitianus and/or Tetricus I Political offices Preceded by Gallienus, Sabinillus Consul of the Roman Empire 268 with Postumus, Ovinius Paternus, Arcesilaus Succeeded by Aspasius Paternus, Publius Licinius Egnatius Marinianus, Postumus Preceded by Aspasius Paternus, Publius Licinius Egnatius Marinianus, Postumus Consul of the Roman Empire 269-270 with Sanctus, Claudius II, Paternus Succeeded by Aurelian, Pomponius Bassus, Tetricus I v t e Roman and Byzantine emperors and ruling empresses Principate 27 BC – AD 235 Augustus Tiberius Caligula Claudius Nero Galba Otho Vitellius Vespasian Titus Domitian Nerva Trajan Hadrian Antoninus Pius Marcus Aurelius Lucius Verus Commodus Pertinax Didius Julianus (Pescennius Niger) (Clodius Albinus) Septimius Severus Caracalla Geta Macrinus Diadumenian Elagabalus Severus Alexander Crisis 235–285 Maximinus Thrax Gordian I Gordian II Pupienus Balbinus Gordian III Philip the Arab Philip II Decius Herennius Etruscus Hostilian Trebonianus Gallus Volusianus Aemilianus Valerian Gallienus Saloninus Claudius Gothicus Quintillus Aurelian Ulpia Severina Tacitus Florian Probus Carus Carinus Numerian Gallic emperors Postumus (Laelianus) Marius Victorinus (Domitianus II) Tetricus I with Tetricus II as caesar Palmyrene emperors Vaballathus Zenobia Septimius Antiochus Dominate 284–395 Diocletian Maximian Galerius Constantius I Severus Constantine the Great Maxentius Licinius Maximinus Daza (Valerius Valens) (Martinian) Constantine II Constantius II Constans I Magnentius Vetranio Julian Jovian Valentinian I (west) Valens (east) Gratian (west) Valentinian II (west) Theodosius I Magnus Maximus Victor (Eugenius) Western Empire 395–480 Honorius Constantine III with son Constans II Constantius III Joannes Valentinian III Petronius Maximus Avitus Majorian Libius Severus Anthemius Olybrius Glycerius Julius Nepos Romulus Augustulus Eastern/ Byzantine Empire 395–1204 Arcadius Theodosius II Marcian Leo I Leo II Zeno Basiliscus Marcus Anastasius I Dicorus Justin I Justinian I Justin II Tiberius II Constantine Maurice with son Theodosius as co-emperor Phocas Heraclius Constantine III Heraklonas Constans II Constantine IV with brothers Heraclius and Tiberius and then Justinian II as co-emperors Justinian II (first reign) Leontios Tiberius III Justinian II (second reign) with son Tiberius as co-emperor Philippikos Anastasios II Theodosius III Leo III the Isaurian Constantine V Artabasdos Leo IV the Khazar Constantine VI Irene Nikephoros I Staurakios Michael I Rangabe with son Theophylact as co-emperor Leo V the Armenian with Symbatios-Constantine as junior emperor Michael II the Amorian Theophilos Michael III Basil I the Macedonian Leo VI the Wise Alexander Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos Romanos I Lekapenos with sons Christopher, Stephen and Constantine as junior co-emperors Romanos II Nikephoros II Phokas John I Tzimiskes Basil II Constantine VIII Zoë (first reign) and Romanos III Argyros Zoë (first reign) and Michael IV the Paphlagonian Michael V Kalaphates Zoë (second reign) with Theodora Zoë (second reign) and Constantine IX Monomachos Constantine IX Monomachos (sole emperor) Theodora Michael VI Bringas Isaac I Komnenos Constantine X Doukas Romanos IV Diogenes Michael VII Doukas with brothers Andronikos and Konstantios and son Constantine Nikephoros III Botaneiates Alexios I Komnenos John II Komnenos with Alexios Komnenos as co-emperor Manuel I Komnenos Alexios II Komnenos Andronikos I Komnenos with John Komnenos as co-emperor Isaac II Angelos Alexios III Angelos Alexios IV Angelos Nicholas Kanabos (chosen by the Senate) Alexios V Doukas Empire of Nicaea 1204–1261 Constantine Laskaris Theodore I Laskaris John III Doukas Vatatzes Theodore II Laskaris John IV Laskaris Byzantine Empire 1261–1453 Michael VIII Palaiologos Andronikos II Palaiologos with Michael IX Palaiologos as co-emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos John V Palaiologos John VI Kantakouzenos with John V Palaiologos and Matthew Kantakouzenos as co-emperors John V Palaiologos Andronikos IV Palaiologos John VII Palaiologos Andronikos V Palaiologos Manuel II Palaiologos John VIII Palaiologos Constantine XI Palaiologos Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, while underlining indicates a usurper. Authority control Integrated Authority File VIAF 1 WorldCat Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victorinus&oldid=1017214652" Categories: Gallic emperors Deified Roman emperors Thirty Tyrants (Roman) Imperial Roman consuls 3rd-century monarchs in Europe 3rd-century murdered monarchs Piavonii Murdered Roman emperors 270s deaths Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from August 2018 Commons category link is on Wikidata Articles with LibriVox links Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Year of birth unknown Year of death uncertain Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Languages العربية Беларуская Български Brezhoneg Català Čeština Cymraeg Deutsch Ελληνικά Español Euskara Français Galego Hrvatski Italiano Latina Lombard Magyar Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Polski Português Русский Slovenčina Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska Українська Edit links This page was last edited on 11 April 2021, at 14:29 (UTC). 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