敦 - Wiktionary 敦 Definition from Wiktionary, the free dictionary Jump to navigation Jump to search 敦 U+6566, 敦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6566 ← 敥 [U+6565] CJK Unified Ideographs 敧 → [U+6567] Contents 1 Translingual 1.1 Han character 1.1.1 Derived characters 1.1.2 References 2 Chinese 2.1 Glyph origin 2.2 Etymology 1 2.2.1 Pronunciation 2.2.2 Definitions 2.2.3 Compounds 2.3 Etymology 2 2.3.1 Pronunciation 2.3.2 Definitions 2.3.3 Compounds 2.4 Etymology 3 2.4.1 Pronunciation 2.4.2 Definitions 2.5 Etymology 4 2.5.1 Pronunciation 2.5.2 Definitions 2.6 Etymology 5 2.6.1 Pronunciation 2.6.2 Definitions 2.7 Etymology 6 2.7.1 Pronunciation 2.7.2 Definitions 2.8 Etymology 7 2.8.1 Pronunciation 2.8.2 Definitions 2.9 Etymology 8 2.10 Etymology 9 2.11 Etymology 10 2.12 Etymology 11 2.13 Etymology 12 2.14 Etymology 13 2.15 Etymology 14 2.16 Etymology 15 3 Japanese 3.1 Kanji 3.1.1 Readings 3.1.2 Compounds 3.2 Etymology 3.3 Pronunciation 3.4 Noun 3.5 Proper noun 3.6 References 4 Korean 4.1 Hanja 5 Vietnamese 5.1 Han character 5.2 References Translingual[edit] Han character[edit] 敦 (radical 66, 攴+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜木人大 (YDOK), four-corner 08440, composition ⿰享攵) Derived characters[edit] 墩, 撴, 噋, 獤, 潡, 憞, 橔, 暾, 犜, 燉, 礅, 𧝋, 鐓 (镦), 蹾, 譈, 驐, 鷻, 墪, 撉, 憝, 鐜 References[edit] KangXi: page 473, character 8 Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13276 Dae Jaweon: page 826, character 10 Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1468, character 1 Unihan data for U+6566 Chinese[edit] simp. and trad. 敦 Glyph origin[edit] Historical forms of the character 敦 Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Characters in the same phonetic series (敦) (Zhengzhang, 2003)  Old Chinese 弴 *tjuː, *tuːn 敦 *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns 錞 *duːlʔ, *duːls, *djun 憝 *duːls 憞 *duːls 譈 *duːls 鐓 *duːls 鷻 *doːn 鶉 *doːn, *djun 惇 *tuːn, *tjun 墩 *tuːn 驐 *tuːn 燉 *tuːns, *tʰuːn, *duːn 焞 *tʰuːn, *djun 啍 *tʰuːn, *duːn 暾 *tʰuːn 噋 *tʰuːn, *kʰʷaːɡ 諄 *tjun, *tjuns 埻 *tjunʔ, *kʷaːɡ, *kʷreːɡ 稕 *tjuns 醇 *djun 淳 *djun 犉 *njun Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tuːl, *doːn, *tuːn, *tuːns): phonetic 𦎫 + semantic 攴 (“hand”) Etymology 1[edit] “thick; earnest; plentiful; large” From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t/d)ow-n (“thick”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. Pronunciation[edit] Mandarin (Pinyin): dūn (dun1) (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄣ Cantonese (Jyutping): deon1 Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tûn Min Dong (BUC): dŭng Min Nan (Hokkien, POJ): tun (Teochew, Peng'im): dung1 Wu (Wiktionary): ten (T1) Mandarin (Standard Chinese)+ Pinyin: dūn Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣ Wade–Giles: tun1 Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duen Tongyong Pinyin: dun Sinological IPA (key): /twən⁵⁵/ Cantonese (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+ Jyutping: deon1 Yale: dēun Cantonese Pinyin: doen1 Guangdong Romanization: dên1 Sinological IPA (key): /tɵn⁵⁵/ Hakka (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong) Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûn Hakka Romanization System: dun´ Hagfa Pinyim: dun1 Sinological IPA: /tun²⁴/ Min Dong (Fuzhou) Bàng-uâ-cê: dŭng Sinological IPA (key): /tuŋ⁵⁵/ Min Nan (Hokkien) Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tun Tâi-lô: tun Phofsit Daibuun: dwn IPA (Xiamen): /tun⁴⁴/ IPA (Quanzhou): /tun³³/ IPA (Zhangzhou): /tun⁴⁴/ IPA (Taipei): /tun⁴⁴/ IPA (Kaohsiung): /tun⁴⁴/ (Teochew) Peng'im: dung1 Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tung Sinological IPA (key): /tuŋ³³/ Wu (Shanghainese) Wiktionary: ten (T1) Sinological IPA (key): /təɲ⁵³/ Middle Chinese: /tuən/ Rime Character 敦 Reading # 2/4 Initial (聲) 端 (5) Final (韻) 魂 (55) Tone (調) Level (Ø) Openness (開合) Closed Division (等) I Fanqie 都昆切 Reconstructions Zhengzhang Shangfang /tuən/ Pan Wuyun /tuon/ Shao Rongfen /tuən/ Edwin Pulleyblank /twən/ Li Rong /tuən/ Wang Li /tuən/ Bernard Karlgren /tuən/ Expected Mandarin Reflex dūn Expected Cantonese Reflex doen1 Old Chinese (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤur/ (Zhengzhang): /*tuːn/ Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) Character 敦 敦 Reading # 2/3 3/3 Modern Beijing (Pinyin) dūn dūn Middle Chinese ‹ twon › ‹ twon › Old Chinese /*tˁur/ /*tˁur/ English solid, thick 敦煌 ~ 燉煌 Dūnhuáng Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. Zhengzhang system (2003) Character 敦 Reading # 3/4 No. 2597 Phonetic component 敦 Rime group 文 Rime subdivision 2 Corresponding MC rime 敦 Old Chinese /*tuːn/ Definitions[edit] 敦 † angry to urge † to advise and encourage † diligent earnest; honest; generous † intimate † thick † plentiful; rich † large † to attach importance to; to esteem; to revere † to put something down with great force A river in Shanxi A surname​. Compounds[edit] 京斯敦 (Jīngsīdūn) 倫敦／伦敦 (Lúndūn) 倫敦宣言／伦敦宣言 倫敦影展／伦敦影展 倫敦鐵塔／伦敦铁塔 克敦孝行 厚厚敦敦 可敦 可賀敦／可贺敦 培敦 摩敦 敦世厲俗／敦世厉俗 敦仁 敦促 (dūncù) 敦倫／敦伦 (dūnlún) 敦化 (Dūnhuà) 敦厚 (dūnhòu) 敦品勵學／敦品励学 (dūnpǐnlìxué) 敦囑／敦嘱 敦坐 敦實／敦实 (dūnshi) 敦序 敦打 敦搠 敦敦實實／敦敦实实 敦樸／敦朴 敦煌 (Dūnhuáng) 敦煌壁畫／敦煌壁画 敦煌曲子 敦煌石室 敦煌石窟 敦睦 (dūnmù) 敦聘 敦親睦鄰／敦亲睦邻 敦請／敦请 (dūnqǐng) 敦蹄刷腳／敦蹄刷脚 敦風厲俗／敦风厉俗 溫柔敦厚／温柔敦厚 王敦擊壺／王敦击壶 貝希斯敦／贝希斯敦 (Bèixīsīdūn) 鄧虜淪敦／邓虏沦敦 開普敦／开普敦 (Kāipǔdūn) 陪敦 Etymology 2[edit] Pronunciation[edit] Mandarin (Pinyin): duì (dui4) (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄟˋ Cantonese (Jyutping): deoi3, deoi6 Mandarin (Standard Chinese)+ Pinyin: duì Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄟˋ Wade–Giles: tui4 Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duey Tongyong Pinyin: duèi Sinological IPA (key): /tweɪ̯⁵¹/ Cantonese (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+ Jyutping: deoi3, deoi6 Yale: deui, deuih Cantonese Pinyin: doey3, doey6 Guangdong Romanization: dêu3, dêu6 Sinological IPA (key): /tɵy̯³³/, /tɵy̯²²/ Definitions[edit] 敦 ancient vessel used to hold grains Compounds[edit] 敦槃 Etymology 3[edit] Pronunciation[edit] Mandarin (Pinyin): duī (dui1) (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄟ Cantonese (Jyutping): deoi1 Mandarin (Standard Chinese)+ Pinyin: duī Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄟ Wade–Giles: tui1 Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duei Tongyong Pinyin: duei Sinological IPA (key): /tweɪ̯⁵⁵/ Cantonese (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+ Jyutping: deoi1 Yale: dēui Cantonese Pinyin: doey1 Guangdong Romanization: dêu1 Sinological IPA (key): /tɵy̯⁵⁵/ Middle Chinese: /tuʌi/ Rime Character 敦 Reading # 1/4 Initial (聲) 端 (5) Final (韻) 灰 (42) Tone (調) Level (Ø) Openness (開合) Closed Division (等) I Fanqie 都回切 Reconstructions Zhengzhang Shangfang /tuʌi/ Pan Wuyun /tuoi/ Shao Rongfen /tuɒi/ Edwin Pulleyblank /twəj/ Li Rong /tuᴀi/ Wang Li /tuɒi/ Bernard Karlgren /tuɑ̆i/ Expected Mandarin Reflex duī Expected Cantonese Reflex deoi1 Old Chinese (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤur/ (Zhengzhang): /*tuːl/ Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) Character 敦 Reading # 1/3 Modern Beijing (Pinyin) duī Middle Chinese ‹ twoj › Old Chinese /*tˁur/ (dialect: *-r > *-j) English manage, direct Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. Zhengzhang system (2003) Character 敦 Reading # 1/4 No. 2587 Phonetic component 敦 Rime group 微 Rime subdivision 2 Corresponding MC rime 磓 Old Chinese /*tuːl/ Definitions[edit] 敦 † to administer; to manage 敦商之旅，克咸厥功。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.] From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version Duī Shāng zhī lǚ, kè xián jué gōng. [Pinyin] [Wu] disposed of the troops of Shang; He and his men shared equally in the achievement. † solitary 敦彼獨宿，亦在車下。 [Classical Chinese, trad.] 敦彼独宿，亦在车下。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version Duī bǐ dú sù, yì zài chē xià. [Pinyin] And quietly and solitarily did we pass the night, Under our carriages. † to throw † to force upon 王事敦我，政事一埤遺我。 [Classical Chinese, trad.] 王事敦我，政事一埤遗我。 [Classical Chinese, simp.] From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version Wángshì duī wǒ, zhèngshì yī pí yí wǒ. [Pinyin] The king's business is thrown on me, And the affairs of our government are left to me more and more. Etymology 4[edit] See 團 (OC *doːn). Pronunciation[edit] Mandarin (Pinyin): tuán (tuan2) (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄢˊ Cantonese (Jyutping): tyun4 Mandarin (Standard Chinese)+ Pinyin: tuán Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄢˊ Wade–Giles: tʻuan2 Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twan Tongyong Pinyin: tuán Sinological IPA (key): /tʰwän³⁵/ Cantonese (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+ Jyutping: tyun4 Yale: tyùhn Cantonese Pinyin: tyn4 Guangdong Romanization: tün4 Sinological IPA (key): /tʰyːn²¹/ Middle Chinese: /duɑn/ Rime Character 敦 Reading # 3/4 Initial (聲) 定 (7) Final (韻) 桓 (62) Tone (調) Level (Ø) Openness (開合) Closed Division (等) I Fanqie 度官切 Reconstructions Zhengzhang Shangfang /duɑn/ Pan Wuyun /dʷɑn/ Shao Rongfen /duɑn/ Edwin Pulleyblank /dwan/ Li Rong /duɑn/ Wang Li /duɑn/ Bernard Karlgren /dʱuɑn/ Expected Mandarin Reflex tuán Expected Cantonese Reflex tyun4 Old Chinese (Zhengzhang): /*doːn/ Zhengzhang system (2003) Character 敦 Reading # 2/4 No. 2594 Phonetic component 敦 Rime group 元 Rime subdivision 3 Corresponding MC rime 團 Old Chinese /*doːn/ Definitions[edit] 敦 † clustered † Alternative form of 團／团 (tuán, “round”). 有敦瓜苦，烝在栗薪。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.] From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version Yǒu tuán guā kǔ, zhēng zài lì xīn. [Pinyin] There were the round bitter gourds hanging, From the branches of the chestnut trees. Etymology 5[edit] Pronunciation[edit] Mandarin (Pinyin): dùn (dun4) (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄣˋ Mandarin (Standard Chinese)+ Pinyin: dùn Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣˋ Wade–Giles: tun4 Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duenn Tongyong Pinyin: dùn Sinological IPA (key): /twən⁵¹/ Middle Chinese: /tuənH/ Rime Character 敦 Reading # 4/4 Initial (聲) 端 (5) Final (韻) 魂 (55) Tone (調) Departing (H) Openness (開合) Closed Division (等) I Fanqie 都困切 Reconstructions Zhengzhang Shangfang /tuənH/ Pan Wuyun /tuonH/ Shao Rongfen /tuənH/ Edwin Pulleyblank /twənH/ Li Rong /tuənH/ Wang Li /tuənH/ Bernard Karlgren /tuənH/ Expected Mandarin Reflex dùn Expected Cantonese Reflex doen3 Definitions[edit] 敦 † to erect † Alternative form of 墩 (dūn, “mound”). Etymology 6[edit] Pronunciation[edit] Mandarin (Pinyin): dùn (dun4) (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄣˋ Cantonese (Jyutping): deon6 Mandarin (Standard Chinese)+ Pinyin: dùn Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄣˋ Wade–Giles: tun4 Gwoyeu Romatzyh: duenn Tongyong Pinyin: dùn Sinological IPA (key): /twən⁵¹/ Cantonese (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+ Jyutping: deon6 Yale: deuhn Cantonese Pinyin: doen6 Guangdong Romanization: dên6 Sinological IPA (key): /tɵn²²/ Definitions[edit] 敦 Only used in 混敦 and 敦然. Etymology 7[edit] Pronunciation[edit] Mandarin (Pinyin): tūn (tun1) (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄣ Mandarin (Standard Chinese)+ Pinyin: tūn Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄣ Wade–Giles: tʻun1 Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuen Tongyong Pinyin: tun Sinological IPA (key): /tʰwən⁵⁵/ Definitions[edit] 敦 Only used in 敦恨. Etymology 8[edit] For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 雕 (“to engrave; to inlay; to carve; carving; etc.”). (This character, 敦, is a variant form of 雕.) Etymology 9[edit] For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 燾 (“to illuminate everything; to cover; to envelope; etc.”). (This character, 敦, is a variant form of 燾.) Etymology 10[edit] For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 淳 (“thick; honest; etc.”). (This character, 敦, is a variant form of 淳.) Etymology 11[edit] For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 屯 (“village, hamlet; camp; etc.”). (This character, 敦, is a variant form of 屯.) Etymology 12[edit] For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 墩 (“mound; block of stone or wood; etc.”). (This character, 敦, is the second-round simplified form of 墩.) Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. Etymology 13[edit] For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 礅 (“large stone”). (This character, 敦, is the second-round simplified form of 礅.) Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. Etymology 14[edit] For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 蹾 (“to squat; to crouch”). (This character, 敦, is the second-round simplified form of 蹾.) Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. Etymology 15[edit] For pronunciation and definitions of 敦 – see 撉 (“to hold tight; to seize; to jolt; to thump”). (This character, 敦, is the second-round simplified form of 撉.) Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. Japanese[edit] Kanji[edit] See also: Category:Japanese terms spelled with 敦 敦 (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names) kindness, affinity Readings[edit] Go-on: とん (ton); たい (tai) Kan-on: とん (ton); たい (tai) Kan’yō-on: つい (tsui) Kun: あつい (atsui, 敦い) Nanori: あつし (atsushi); つとむ (tsutomu) Compounds[edit] Compounds 敦盛(あつもり) (atsumori) 敦賀(つるが) (Tsuruga): Tsuruga, Fukui 敦厚(とんこう) (tonkō) 敦煌(とんこう) (Tonkō); Dunhuang Etymology[edit] Kanji in this term 敦 たい Jinmeiyō on’yomi From Middle Chinese 敦 (MC tuʌi, tuən, duɑn, tuənH). Pronunciation[edit] On’yomi (Tokyo) た​い [táꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1] IPA(key): [ta̠i] Noun[edit] 敦(たい) • (tai)  dui (vessel) Proper noun[edit] 敦(あつし) or 敦(つとむ) • (Atsushi or Tsutomu)  A male given name References[edit] ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN Korean[edit] Hanja[edit] 敦 • (don, toe) (hangeul 돈, 퇴, revised don, toe, McCune–Reischauer ton, t'oe, Yale ton, thoy) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}. Vietnamese[edit] Han character[edit] 敦: Hán Việt readings: đôn (都(đô)昆(côn)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], dun[4] 敦: Nôm readings: đon[1][2][3][5][6][7], run[1][2][3][4][6][7], xôn[2][5][4], xun[3][5][6], đôn[3][4][7], giun[4][6][7], dun[4][6][7], don[4][6][7], dồn[1][2], ton[3][5], rủn[3][6], gion[5][6], chon[1], trôn[1], đun[1], dôn[3], giôn[3], đùn[3], đũn[6], dún[7] Nôm form of run (“to tremble; to shiver”). References[edit] ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Nguyễn (2014). ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009). ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 Trần (2004). ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Bonet (1899). ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Hồ (1976). ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 Génibrel (1898). ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838). 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