id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 1 Extended Extended NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 2 Validation Validation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 3 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 5 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 6 Extended extend VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 7 Validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 8 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 9 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 10 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 13 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 14 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 15 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 17 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 18 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 20 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 21 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 22 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 23 needs need VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 24 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 25 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 27 verification verification NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 1 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 2 1 Please please UH en-wikipedia-org-2786 2 2 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 2 3 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 2 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 2 5 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 2 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 2 7 adding add VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 2 8 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 2 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 2 10 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 2 11 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 2 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 3 1 Unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 3 2 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 3 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 3 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 3 5 challenged challenge VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 3 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 3 7 removed remove VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 3 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 1 Find find VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 2 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 6 search search NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 7 keyword(s keyword(s NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 10   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 11 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 13 news news NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 15 · · NFP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 16 newspapers newspaper NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 18 · · NFP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 19 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 20   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 21 · · NFP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 22 scholar scholar NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 24 · · NFP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 25 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 27 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 28 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 31 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 32 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 34 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 36 remove remove VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 37 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 38 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 39 message message NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 41 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 42 Extended Extended NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 43 Validation Validation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 44 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 46 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 48 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 49 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 50 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 51 conforming conform VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 52 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 53 X.509 X.509 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 54 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 55 proves prove VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 57 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 58 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 61 owner owner NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 62 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 63 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 64 signed sign VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 65 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 66 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 67 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 68 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 69 key key NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 70 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 71 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 72 issue issue VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 73 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 74 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 4 75 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 1 EV ev NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 2 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 3 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 5 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 8 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 9 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 11 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 12 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 13 X.509 X.509 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 14 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 16 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 17 securing secure VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 18 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 19 communications communication NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 21 HTTPS HTTPS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 23 signing sign VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 24 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 26 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 5 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 1 Unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 2 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 4 validated validate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 5 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 7 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 9 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 10 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 12 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 13 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 14 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 16 issued issue VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 17 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 20 subset subset NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 22 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 23 authorities authority NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 25 CAs CAs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 28 require require VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 29 verification verification NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 32 requesting request VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 33 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 34 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 35 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 36 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 37 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 38 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 39 issuance issuance NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 6 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 3 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 5 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 6 Chrome Chrome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 8 Mozilla Mozilla NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 9 Firefox Firefox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 11 Apple Apple NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 12 Safari Safari NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 13 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 14 browsers browser NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 15 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 17 verified verified JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 18 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 19 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 22 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 23 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 24 user user NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 25 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 7 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 2 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 4 display display VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 7 green green JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 8 bar bar NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 10 near near RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 12 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 14 Safari Safari NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 17 URL url NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 18 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 19 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 20 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 8 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 9 1 Mobile mobile JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 9 2 browsers browser NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 9 3 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 9 4 display display VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 9 5 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 9 6 certificates certificate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 9 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 9 8 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 9 9 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 9 10 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 9 11 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 9 12 DV DV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 9 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 9 14 OV OV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 9 15 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 9 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 1 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 3 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 4 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 5 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 6 websites website NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 7 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 9 none none NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 10 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 11 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 12 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 15 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 17 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 20 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 10 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 5 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 6 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 9 verified verified JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 10 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 11 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 13 displayed display VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 16 user user NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 19 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 20 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 22 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 24 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 25 Windows Windows NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 27 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 28 proceeding proceed VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 31 installation installation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 11 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 1 Extended extend VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 2 Validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 3 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 5 stored store VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 8 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 9 format format NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 10 specified specify VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 11 by by RP en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 13 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 14 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 16 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 17 encryption encryption NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 19 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 21 validated validate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 22 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 24 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 26 validated validate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 27 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 29 so so CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 30 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 31 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 32 compatible compatible JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 34 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 35 server server NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 37 user user NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 38 agent agent NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 39 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 12 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 2 criteria criterion NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 4 issuing issue VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 5 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 6 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 8 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 11 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 13 Extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 14 Validation[1 validation[1 NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 16 promulgated promulgate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 19 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 20 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 21 Browser Browser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 22 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 25 voluntary voluntary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 26 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 27 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 28 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 29 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 30 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 31 CAs ca NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 33 vendors vendor NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 35 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 36 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 37 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 38 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 40 representatives representative NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 41 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 43 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 45 audit audit NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 46 professions profession NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 13 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 4 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 5 issue issue VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 7 extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 8 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 9 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 12 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 13 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 14 verification verification NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 17 requesting request VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 18 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 20 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 22 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 23 operational operational JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 24 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 26 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 27 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 28 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 29 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 30 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 32 hosting hosting NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 33 server server NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 14 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 4 1.1 1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 5 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 7 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 8 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 9 Browser Browser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 10 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 11 1.2 1.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 12 Creation Creation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 14 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 15 UI UI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 16 indicators indicator NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 18 browsers browser NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 19 1.3 1.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 20 Removal removal NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 22 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 23 UI UI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 24 indicators indicator NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 25 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 26 Motivation motivation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 27 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 28 Issuing issuing NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 29 criteria criterion NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 30 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 31 Extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 32 Validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 33 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 34 identification identification NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 35 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 36 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 37 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 38 Status Status NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 39 Protocol Protocol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 40 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 41 Criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 42 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 43 Colliding collide VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 44 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 45 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 46 6.2 6.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 47 Availability availability NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 48 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 49 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 50 businesses business NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 51 6.3 6.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 52 Effectiveness effectiveness NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 53 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 54 phishing phishe VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 55 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 56 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 57 IE7 IE7 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 58 security security NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 59 UI UI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 60 6.4 6.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 61 Domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 62 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 63 validated validate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 64 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 65 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 66 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 67 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 68 CAs ca NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 69 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 70 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 71 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 72 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 73 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 74 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 75 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 76 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 77 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 78 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 79 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 80 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 81 History[edit history[edit VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 82 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 83 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 84 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 85 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 86 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 87 cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 88 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 89 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 15 90 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 16 1 Please please UH en-wikipedia-org-2786 16 2 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 16 3 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 16 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 16 5 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 16 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 16 7 adding add VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 16 8 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 16 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 16 10 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 16 11 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 16 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 17 1 Unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 17 2 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 17 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 17 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 17 5 challenged challenge VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 17 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 17 7 removed remove VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 17 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 2 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 3 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 6 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 7 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 9 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 11 remove remove VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 13 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 14 message message NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 16 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 18 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 19 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 20 Browser Browser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 21 Forum[edit forum[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 23 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 24 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 25 Melih Melih NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 26 Abdulhayoglu Abdulhayoglu NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 28 CEO ceo NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 31 Comodo Comodo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 32 Group[better group[better NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 33   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 34 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 35   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 36 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 37 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 39 convened convene VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 41 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 42 meeting meeting NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 45 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 46 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 47 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 49 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 50 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 51 Browser Browser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 52 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 54 hoping hope VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 55 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 56 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 57 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 58 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 59 issuing issue VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 60 SSL SSL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 61 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 62 TLS TLS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 63 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 18 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 4 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 5 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 6 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 8 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 11 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 12 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 13 Browser Browser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 14 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 15 officially officially RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 16 ratified ratify VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 18 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 19 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 22 Extended Extended NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 23 Validation Validation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 25 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 27 SSL SSL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 28 Guidelines Guidelines NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 30 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 31 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 32 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 33 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 19 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 2 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 3 approval approval NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 4 successfully successfully RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 5 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 8 close close NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 9 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 10 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 11 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 12 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 14 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 16 provided provide VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 18 infrastructure infrastructure NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 20 trusted trusted JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 21 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 22 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 25 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 20 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 1 Then then RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 4 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 8 forum forum NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 9 announced announce VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 10 version version NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 11 1.1 1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 14 guidelines guideline NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 16 building build VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 19 practical practical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 20 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 22 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 23 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 24 CAs ca NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 26 relying relying JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 28 party party NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 29 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 30 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 31 suppliers supplier NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 32 gained gain VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 35 months month NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 36 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 38 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 39 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 40 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 41 approved approve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 42 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 43 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 21 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 1 Creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 3 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 4 UI UI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 5 indicators indicator NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 7 browsers[edit browsers[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 9 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 10 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 11 browsers browser NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 12 created create VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 13 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 14 user user NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 15 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 16 indicators indicator NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 18 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 19 loaded load VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 20 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 21 HTTPS HTTPS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 22 secured secure VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 24 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 25 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 26 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 27 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 28 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 30 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 33 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 22 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 2 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 3 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 4 Edge Edge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 5 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 7 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 8 Chrome Chrome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 9 1.0 1.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 11 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 12 Explorer Explorer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 13 7.0 7.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 15 Firefox Firefox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 16 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 18 Safari Safari NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 19 3.2 3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 21 Opera Opera NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 22 9.5 9.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 23 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 4 Furthermore furthermore RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 6 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 7 mobile mobile JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 8 browsers browser NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 10 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 11 Safari Safari NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 13 iOS ios JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 15 Windows Windows NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 16 Phone Phone NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 18 Firefox Firefox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 20 Android Android NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 22 Chrome Chrome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 24 Android Android NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 27 iOS iOS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 29 added add VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 30 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 31 UI UI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 32 indicators indicator NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 24 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 1 Usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 3 browsers browser NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 5 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 6 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 7 display display VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 9 validated validated JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 10 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 11 — — : en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 12 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 14 combination combination NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 16 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 17 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 19 jurisdiction jurisdiction NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 20 — — : en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 21 contained contain VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 24 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 25 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 26 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 27 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 28 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 29 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 30 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 25 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 2 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 3 implementations implementation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 6 enhanced enhanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 7 display display NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 8 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 11 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 14 company company NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 16 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 17 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 18 owns own VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 20 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 22 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 23 lock lock NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 24 symbol symbol NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 26 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 29 address address NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 30 bar bar NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 32 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 33 varies vary VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 35 color color NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 36 depending depend VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 37 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 39 security security NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 40 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 43 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 26 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 2 clicking click VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 5 lock lock NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 6 symbol symbol NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 9 user user NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 10 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 11 obtain obtain VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 12 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 13 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 14 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 16 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 18 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 20 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 23 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 24 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 25 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 26 issued issue VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 28 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 29 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 27 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 1 Removal removal NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 3 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 4 UI UI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 5 indicators[edit indicators[edit RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 7 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 8 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 9 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 11 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 12 Chrome Chrome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 13 76 76 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 15 Firefox Firefox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 16 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 17 browsers browser NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 18 announced announce VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 19 plans plan NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 21 redesign redesign VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 22 user user NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 23 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 25 remove remove VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 26 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 28 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 29 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 28 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 4 Firefox Firefox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 5 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 6 removed remove VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 8 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 11 omnibox omnibox NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 13 URL url NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 14 bar bar NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 16 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 18 DV DV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 19 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 21 displayed display VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 22 similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 24 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 26 lock lock NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 27 icon icon NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 30 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 32 details detail NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 33 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 34 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 35 EV ev NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 36 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 37 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 38 accessible accessible JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 41 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 42 detailed detailed JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 43 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 44 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 45 opens open VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 46 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 47 click click NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 48 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 50 lock lock NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 51 icon icon NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 29 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 4 Motivation[edit motivation[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 6 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 7 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 8 motivation motivation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 10 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 11 digital digital JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 12 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 14 SSL SSL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 15 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 16 TLS TLS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 19 add add VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 20 trust trust NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 22 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 23 transactions transaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 25 requiring require VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 26 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 27 operators operator NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 29 undergo undergo VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 30 vetting vet VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 31 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 33 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 34 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 36 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 39 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 40 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 41 get get VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 43 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 30 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 31 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 31 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 31 3 commercial commercial JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 31 4 pressures pressure NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 31 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 31 6 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 31 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 31 8 CAs ca NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 31 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 31 10 introduce introduce VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 31 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 31 12 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 31 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 31 14 validated validate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 31 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 31 16 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 31 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 32 1 Domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 32 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 32 3 validated validate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 32 4 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 32 5 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 32 6 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 32 7 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 32 8 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 32 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 32 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 32 11 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 32 12 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 32 13 require require VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 32 14 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 32 15 proof proof NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 32 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 32 17 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 32 18 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 32 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 2 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 4 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 6 validated validate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 7 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 8 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 10 assert assert VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 13 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 14 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 15 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 16 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 17 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 18 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 21 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 23 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 25 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 26 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 27 resemble resemble VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 29 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 30 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 31 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 33 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 3 past past NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 5 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 6 browsers browser NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 7 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 8 user user NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 9 interfaces interface NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 10 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 12 clearly clearly RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 13 differentiate differentiate JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 14 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 15 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 17 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 18 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 20 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 21 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 22 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 23 undergone undergo VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 24 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 25 rigorous rigorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 26 vetting vetting NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 34 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 2 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 3 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 4 SSL SSL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 5 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 6 TLS TLS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 7 connection connection NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 8 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 9 cause cause VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 11 green green JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 12 padlock padlock NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 13 icon icon NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 15 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 17 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 18 browsers[citation browsers[citation CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 19 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 22 users user NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 23 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 24 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 25 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 27 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 28 aware aware JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 30 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 32 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 33 owner owner NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 34 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 35 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 36 validated validate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 37 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 38 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 35 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 3 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 5 fraudsters fraudster NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 7 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 8 phishing phishe VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 9 websites website NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 11 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 12 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 13 TLS TLS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 15 add add VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 16 perceived perceive VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 17 credibility credibility NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 19 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 20 websites website NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 36 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 1 Users user NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 3 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 4 browsers browser NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 5 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 6 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 7 check check VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 9 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 11 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 12 owners owner NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 14 examining examine VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 16 details detail NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 19 issued issue VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 20 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 22 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 23 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 25 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 26 owner owner NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 27 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 28 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 31 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 34 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 36 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 37 location location NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 37 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 1 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 2 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 4 validated validate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 5 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 6 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 8 Baseline Baseline NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 9 Requirements Requirements NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 12 Extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 13 Validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 14 requirements requirement NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 17 place place VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 18 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 19 requirements requirement NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 21 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 22 authorities authority NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 23 vet vet NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 24 companies company NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 38 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 2 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 3 manual manual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 4 checks check NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 6 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 8 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 9 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 10 requested request VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 13 applicant applicant NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 15 checks check NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 16 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 17 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 18 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 19 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 21 checks check NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 22 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 23 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 24 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 25 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 28 phone phone NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 29 calls call NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 32 company company NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 34 confirm confirm VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 36 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 39 applicant applicant NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 39 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 1 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 3 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 5 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 8 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 10 registered register VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 11 serial serial JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 12 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 15 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 17 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 18 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 20 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 21 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 22 address address NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 24 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 25 stored store VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 28 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 29 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 40 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 2 establishing establish VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 3 stricter strict JJR en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 4 issuing issuing NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 5 criteria criterion NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 7 requiring require VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 8 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 9 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 11 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 12 criteria criterion NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 14 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 15 participating participate VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 16 CAs ca NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 18 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 19 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 21 intended intend VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 23 restore restore VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 24 confidence confidence NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 25 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 26 users user NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 27 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 29 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 30 operator operator NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 33 legally legally RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 34 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 35 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 36 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 37 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 38 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 40 verifiable verifiable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 41 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 41 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 1 Issuing issue VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 2 criteria[edit criteria[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 4 Only only RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 5 CAs ca NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 6 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 7 pass pass VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 9 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 10 qualified qualified JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 11 audit audit NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 12 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 14 offer offer VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 15 EV,[7 ev,[7 XX en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 18 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 19 CAs ca NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 20 globally globally RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 21 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 22 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 24 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 25 detailed detailed JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 26 issuance issuance NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 27 requirements requirement NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 29 aim aim VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 32 Establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 34 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 35 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 36 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 37 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 40 operational operational JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 42 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 43 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 45 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 46 owner owner NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 47 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 48 Establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 49 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 51 applicant applicant NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 52 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 54 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 55 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 56 owner owner NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 57 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 58 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 59 exclusive exclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 60 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 61 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 63 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 64 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 65 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 66 Confirm confirm VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 67 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 68 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 69 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 70 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 71 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 72 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 73 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 74 acting act VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 75 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 76 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 77 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 78 owner owner NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 79 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 80 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 81 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 82 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 83 pertaining pertain VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 84 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 85 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 86 obligations obligation NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 87 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 88 signed sign VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 89 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 90 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 91 authorized authorized JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 92 officer officer NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 93 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 94 Limit limit VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 95 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 96 duration duration NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 97 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 98 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 99 validity validity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 100 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 101 ensure ensure VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 102 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 103 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 104 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 105 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 106 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 107 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 108 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 42 109 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 1 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 3 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 4 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 7 limiting limit VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 9 maximum maximum JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 10 re re NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 11 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 12 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 14 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 15 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 16 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 18 organisation organisation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 19 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 21 maximum maximum NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 23 397 397 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 24 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 26 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 27 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 28 exceed exceed VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 29 398 398 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 30 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 32 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 33 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 34 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 35 onward onward RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 43 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 3 exception[8 exception[8 NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 6 Extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 7 Validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 8 Certificates Certificates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 10 .onion .onion NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 11 domains domain NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 15 otherwise otherwise RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 17 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 19 get get VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 21 wildcard wildcard NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 22 Extended Extended NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 23 Validation Validation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 24 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 25 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 26 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 28 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 29 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 30 qualified qualified JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 31 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 32 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 33 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 34 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 35 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 38 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 40 inspected inspect VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 41 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 43 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 44 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 44 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 45 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 45 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 45 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 45 4 Extended extend VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 45 5 Validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 45 6 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 45 7 identification[edit identification[edit , en-wikipedia-org-2786 45 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 45 9 EV ev NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 45 10 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 45 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 45 12 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 45 13 X.509 X.509 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 45 14 digital digital NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 45 15 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 45 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 46 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 46 2 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 46 3 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 46 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 46 5 identify identify VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 46 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 46 7 EV ev NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 46 8 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 46 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 46 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 46 11 referencing reference VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 46 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 46 13 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 46 14 Policies Policies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 46 15 extension extension NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 46 16 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 46 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 1 Each each DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 2 issuer issuer NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 3 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 5 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 6 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 7 identifier identifier NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 9 OID oid NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 13 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 15 identify identify VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 17 EV ev NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 18 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 21 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 22 OID oid NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 24 documented document VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 27 issuer issuer NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 28 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 29 Certification Certification NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 30 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 31 Statement Statement NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 47 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 48 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 48 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 48 3 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 48 4 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 48 5 authorities authority NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 48 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 48 7 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 48 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 48 9 browsers browser NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 48 10 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 48 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 48 12 recognize recognize VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 48 13 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 48 14 issuers issuer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 48 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 1 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 2 HTTPS HTTPS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 3 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 4 contain contain VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 6 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 8 X.509 X.509 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 9 OIDs oid NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 11 jurisdictionOfIncorporationCountryName jurisdictionofincorporationcountryname NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 13 OID oid NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 15 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.3),[10 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.3),[10 LS en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 17 jurisdictionOfIncorporationStateOrProvinceName jurisdictionOfIncorporationStateOrProvinceName NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 19 OID oid NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 21 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.2 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 24 optional),[11]jurisdictionLocalityName optional),[11]jurisdictionlocalityname FW en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 26 OID oid NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 27 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 28 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.1 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 31 optional),[12 optional),[12 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 32 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 33 businessCategory businesscategory NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 35 OID oid NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 36 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 37 2.5.4.15)[13 2.5.4.15)[13 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 38 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 40 serialNumber serialnumber NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 42 OID oid NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 43 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 44 2.5.4.5),[14 2.5.4.5),[14 LS en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 45 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 46 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 48 serialNumber serialnumber NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 49 pointing point VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 50 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 52 ID ID NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 53 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 55 relevant relevant JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 56 secretary secretary NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 58 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 59 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 60 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 62 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 63 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 64 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 65 registrar registrar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 66 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 67 outside outside JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 68 US)[citation US)[citation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 69 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 70 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 71 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 72 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 73 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 74 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 75 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 76 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 77 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 78 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 79 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 80 identifier identifier NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 81 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 82 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 83 EV ev NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 84 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 85 aware aware JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 86 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 87 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 88 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 89 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 90 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 91 web web NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 92 browser browser NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 93 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 94 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 95 recognize recognize VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 96 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 49 97 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 5 identifier[16][failed identifier[16][failed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 6 verification verification NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 9 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 10 defines define VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 11 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 12 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 16 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 18 OV OV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 19 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 50 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 1 Online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 2 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 3 Status Status NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 4 Protocol[edit protocol[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 9 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 10 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 11 Status Status NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 12 Protocol Protocol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 14 criteria criterion NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 16 issuing issue VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 17 Extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 18 Validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 19 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 20 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 22 require require VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 23 issuing issue VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 24 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 25 authorities authority NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 27 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 28 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 29 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 30 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 31 Status Status NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 32 Protocol Protocol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 33 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 34 revocation revocation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 35 checking checking NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 51 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 4 requirement requirement NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 7 timely timely JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 8 response response NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 10 revocation revocation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 11 checks check NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 14 browser browser NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 15 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 16 prompted prompt VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 17 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 18 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 19 authorities authority NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 20 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 21 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 23 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 24 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 25 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 27 implement implement VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 28 OCSP OCSP NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 29 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 52 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 1 Section section NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 2 26-A 26-a CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 5 issuing issue VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 6 criteria criterion NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 7 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 8 CAs ca NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 10 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 11 OCSP OCSP NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 12 checking check VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 14 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 15 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 16 issued issue VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 17 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 18 Dec. December NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 19 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 21 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 53 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 1 Criticism[edit criticism[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 3 Colliding collide VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 4 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 5 names[edit names[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 8 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 9 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 10 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 13 unique unique JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 15 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 17 attacker attacker NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 18 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 19 wants want VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 21 impersonate impersonate VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 23 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 24 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 25 incorporate incorporate VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 27 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 28 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 31 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 32 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 34 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 36 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 40 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 41 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 42 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 43 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 46 obtain obtain VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 47 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 48 valid valid JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 49 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 50 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 51 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 53 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 54 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 55 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 57 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 58 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 59 impersonate impersonate VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 61 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 62 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 54 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 2 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 3 demonstration demonstration NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 6 researcher researcher NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 7 incorporated incorporate VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 9 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 10 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 12 Stripe Stripe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 14 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 15 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 17 Kentucky Kentucky NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 19 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 21 browsers browser NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 22 display display VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 24 similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 26 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 27 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 28 display display VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 29 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 31 payment payment NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 32 processor processor NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 33 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 34 Stripe Stripe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 36 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 37 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 38 incorporated incorporate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 40 Delaware Delaware NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 55 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 1 Researcher researcher NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 2 claimed claim VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 4 demonstration demonstration NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 5 setup setup NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 6 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 7 about about RP en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 9 hour hour NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 12 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 14 US$ us$ $ en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 15 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 17 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 18 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 20 US$ us$ $ en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 21 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 24 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 56 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 1 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 3 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 4 noted note VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 8 enough enough JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 9 mouse mouse NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 10 clicks click NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 12 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 13 user user NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 17 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 19 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 20 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 23 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 25 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 26 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 27 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 28 entity entity NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 30 incorporated incorporate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 31 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 33 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 34 neither neither DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 36 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 37 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 38 helpful helpful JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 41 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 42 user user NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 45 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 46 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 47 likely likely RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 48 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 49 blindly blindly RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 50 trust trust VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 52 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 53 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 54 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 55 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 56 indicator indicator NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 57 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 57 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 4 Availability availability NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 6 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 7 businesses[edit businesses[edit , en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 9 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 10 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 11 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 13 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 14 promoted promote VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 16 reported[18 reported[18 RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 20 mark mark NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 23 trustworthy trustworthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 24 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 26 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 27 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 28 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 29 owners owner NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 30 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 31 voiced voice VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 32 concerns[19 concerns[19 NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 33 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 34 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 35 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 36 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 37 give give VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 38 undue undue JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 39 advantage advantage NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 41 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 42 businesses business NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 58 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 2 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 3 drafts draft NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 6 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 7 Guidelines[20 guidelines[20 ADD en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 9 excluded exclude VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 10 unincorporated unincorporated JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 11 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 12 entities entity NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 15 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 16 media medium NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 17 reports[19 reports[19 NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 19 focused focus VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 21 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 22 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 59 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 1 Version version NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 2 1.0 1.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 5 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 6 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 8 revised revise VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 10 embrace embrace VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 11 unincorporated unincorporated JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 12 associations association NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 13 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 14 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 18 registered register VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 21 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 22 agency agency NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 24 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 25 expanding expand VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 27 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 29 organizations organization NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 30 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 31 qualified qualify VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 33 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 34 Extended Extended NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 35 Validation Validation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 36 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 60 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 2 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 4 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 5 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 7 price price NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 9 features feature VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 10 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 12 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 14 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 15 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 17 select select VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 19 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 21 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 22 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 61 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 1 Effectiveness effectiveness NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 2 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 3 phishing phishe VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 4 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 6 IE7 IE7 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 7 security security NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 8 UI[edit ui[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 10 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 11 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 13 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 15 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 16 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 18 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 19 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 20 conducted conduct VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 22 usability usability NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 23 study[21 study[21 NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 27 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 28 display display NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 30 Internet Internet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 31 Explorer Explorer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 32 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 62 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 2 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 3 concluded conclude VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 6 participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 7 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 8 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 9 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 10 training training NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 12 browser browser NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 13 security security NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 14 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 15 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 17 notice notice VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 19 extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 20 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 21 indicator indicator NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 23 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 24 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 25 outperform outperform VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 27 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 28 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 31 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 32 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 33 participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 34 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 35 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 36 asked ask VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 38 read read VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 40 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 41 Explorer explorer NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 42 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 43 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 44 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 45 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 46 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 47 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 48 classify classify VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 49 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 50 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 52 fake fake JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 53 sites site NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 54 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 55 legitimate legitimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 56 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 63 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 1 Domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 3 validated validate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 4 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 6 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 8 CAs ca NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 11 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 12 place[edit place[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 14 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 15 proponents proponent NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 17 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 18 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 19 claim claim VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 21 help help VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 22 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 23 phishing phishe VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 24 attacks,[22 attacks,[22 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 26 security security NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 27 expert expert NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 28 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 29 Gutmann Gutmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 30 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 32 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 33 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 35 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 36 restore restore VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 38 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 39 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 40 profits profit NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 41 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 42 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 43 eroded erode VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 44 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 45 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 47 race race NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 48 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 50 bottom bottom NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 51 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 52 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 53 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 54 issuers issuer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 57 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 64 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 65 1 Gutmann Gutmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 65 2 calls call VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 65 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 65 4 phenomenon phenomenon NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 65 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 65 6 PKI PKI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 65 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 65 8 Me -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 65 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 65 10 Harder harder NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 65 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 65 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 2 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 3 … … NFP en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 5 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 7 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 8 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 10 assurance assurance NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 12 extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 13 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 15 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 17 certificates certificate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 19 allow allow VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 20 CAs CAs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 22 charge charge VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 23 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 25 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 26 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 27 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 28 ones one NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 30 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 31 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 33 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 35 rounding round VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 36 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 37 twice twice PDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 39 usual usual JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 40 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 42 suspects suspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 43 — — : en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 44 presumably presumably RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 45 somebody somebody NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 46 ’s ’ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 47 going go VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 48 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 49 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 50 impressed impress VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 51 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 52 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 54 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 56 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 57 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 58 phishing phishe VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 59 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 60 minimal minimal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 61 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 62 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 63 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 64 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 65 fixing fix VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 66 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 67 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 68 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 69 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 70 phishers phisher NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 71 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 72 exploiting exploit VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 66 73 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 1 Indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 3 cynics cynic NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 4 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 5 say say VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 9 exactly exactly RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 11 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 13 certificates certificate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 15 CAs CAs NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 17 supposed suppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 19 solve solve VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 22 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 23 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 26 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 27 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 28 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 30 assurance assurance NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 31 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 32 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 33 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 34 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 36 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 38 charging charge VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 40 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 41 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 42 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 43 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 44 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 45 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 67 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 2 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 3 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 4 ago ago RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 5 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 6 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 7 cost cost VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 8 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 9 hundred hundred CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 10 dollars dollar NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 12 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 13 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 16 shifting shift VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 17 baseline baseline NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 19 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 20 prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 22 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 23 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 24 moved move VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 27 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 28 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 29 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 30 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 31 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 32 obtained obtain VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 33 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 34 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 35 9.95 9.95 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 37 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 38 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 39 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 40 nothing nothing NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 41 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 42 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 45 big big JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 46 commercial commercial JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 47 CAs ca NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 48 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 49 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 50 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 51 reinvent reinvent VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 52 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 53 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 54 defining define VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 55 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 56 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 57 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 59 convincing convince VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 61 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 62 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 63 go go VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 64 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 65 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 67 prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 68 paid pay VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 69 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 70 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 71 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 72 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 73 days day NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 68 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 2 deja deja NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 4 vu vu IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 6 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 8 over over RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 10 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 11 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 12 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 14 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 16 examining examine VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 17 Verisign Verisign NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 18 ’s ’s POS en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 19 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 20 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 21 statement statement NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 23 CPS CPS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 27 document document NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 28 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 29 governs govern VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 30 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 31 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 32 issuance issuance NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 69 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 2 security security NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 3 requirements requirement NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 6 EV ev NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 8 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 9 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 10 CPS CPS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 13 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 15 minor minor JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 16 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 19 legalese legalese NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 20 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 22 express express VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 23 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 25 practically practically RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 26 identical identical JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 29 requirements requirement NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 31 Class Class NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 32 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 33 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 34 listed list VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 36 Verisign Verisign NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 37 ’s ’s POS en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 38 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 39 1.0 1.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 40 CPS cps NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 41 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 42 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 70 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 1 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 2 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 3 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 4 roll roll VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 5 back back RP en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 7 clock clock NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 10 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 12 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 13 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 14 failed fail VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 16 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 17 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 20 tried try VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 22 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 24 resetting reset VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 26 shifting shift VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 27 baseline baseline NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 29 charging charge VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 30 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 31 prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 34 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 36 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 71 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 2 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 3 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 4 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 5 proposals proposal NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 8 kind kind NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 10 sliding sliding JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 12 window window NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 13 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 15 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 16 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 22 inevitable inevitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 23 race race NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 26 bottom bottom NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 27 cheapens cheapen VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 29 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 30 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 32 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 33 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 35 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 37 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 38 ’re be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 39 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 40 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 41 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 43 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 44 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 45 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 47 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 48 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 49 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 50 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 51 … … NFP en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 52 [23 [23 XX en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 53 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 54 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 55 also[edit also[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 56 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 57 Qualified qualified JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 58 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 59 authentication authentication NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 60 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 61 HTTP HTTP NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 62 Strict Strict NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 63 Transport Transport NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 64 Security Security NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 65 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 66 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 67 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 68 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 69 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 70 SSL SSL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 71 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 72 Guidelines Guidelines NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 73 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 72 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 73 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2786 73 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 73 3 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 73 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 73 5 Browser Browser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 73 6 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 73 7 Members Members NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 73 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 73 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 74 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2786 74 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 74 3 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-2786 74 4 Can Can MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 74 5 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 74 6 Improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 74 7 Code code NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 74 8 Signing signing NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 74 9 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-2786 74 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 74 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 75 1 eWEEK eWEEK NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 75 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 76 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2786 76 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 76 3 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-2786 76 4 browsers browser NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 76 5 support support VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 76 6 Extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 76 7 Validation Validation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 76 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 76 9 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 76 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 76 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 76 12 display display VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 76 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 76 14 EV ev NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 76 15 indicator indicator NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 76 16 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-2786 76 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 76 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 77 1 Symantec symantec NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 77 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 78 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 78 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 78 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 78 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 78 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 78 6 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 78 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 78 8 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 78 9 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 78 10 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 78 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 79 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 79 2 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 79 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 79 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 79 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 79 6 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 79 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 80 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2786 80 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 80 3 Mozilla Mozilla NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 80 4 revamps revamp VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 80 5 Firefox Firefox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 80 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-2786 80 7 HTTPS HTTPS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 80 8 address address NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 80 9 bar bar NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 80 10 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 80 11 - - : en-wikipedia-org-2786 80 12 gHacks gHacks NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 80 13 Tech Tech NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 80 14 News News NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 80 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 80 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 81 1 Ghacks ghack NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 81 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 82 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 82 2 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 82 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 82 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 82 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 82 6 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 82 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 83 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2786 83 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 83 3 Improved Improved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 83 4 Security Security NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 83 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 83 6 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 83 7 Indicators Indicators NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 83 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 83 9 Firefox Firefox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 83 10 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 83 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 83 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 84 1 Mozilla Mozilla NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 84 2 Security Security NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 84 3 Blog Blog NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 84 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 85 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 85 2 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 85 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 85 4 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 85 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 85 6 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 85 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 86 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2786 86 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 86 3 Audit Audit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 86 4 Criteria Criteria NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 86 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 86 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 87 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2786 87 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 87 3 Ballot ballot NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 87 4 144 144 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 87 5 – – : en-wikipedia-org-2786 87 6 Validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 87 7 rules rule NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 87 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 87 9 .onion .onion NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 87 10 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 87 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2786 87 12 Appendix Appendix NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 87 13 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 87 14 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 87 15 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 87 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 87 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 88 1 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 88 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 88 3 Browser Browser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 88 4 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 88 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 89 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 89 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 89 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 89 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 89 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 3 Guidelines Guidelines NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 6 Issuance Issuance NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 7 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 8 Management Management NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 9 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 10 Extended Extended NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 11 Validation Validation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 12 Certificates Certificates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 14 Version version NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 15 1.5.2 1.5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 18 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 90 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 91 1 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 91 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 91 3 Browser Browser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 91 4 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 91 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 92 1 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 92 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 92 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 92 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 92 5 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 92 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 92 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 92 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2786 92 9 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 92 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 93 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 93 2 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 93 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 93 4 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 93 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 93 6 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 93 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 94 1 Wildcard Wildcard NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 94 2 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 94 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 94 4 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 94 5 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 94 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 94 7 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 94 8 Certificates Certificates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 94 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 95 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2786 95 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 95 3 OID OID NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 95 4 repository repository NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 95 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 95 6 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.3 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.3 NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 95 7 = = NFP en-wikipedia-org-2786 95 8 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 95 9 iso(1 iso(1 NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 95 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 95 11 identified identify VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 95 12 - 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- SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 97 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 97 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 97 6 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 97 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 3 OID OID NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 4 repository repository NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 6 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.2 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.2 NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 7 = = SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 8 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 9 iso(1 iso(1 NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 11 identified identify VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 13 organization(3 organization(3 RP en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 15 dod(6 dod(6 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 17 internet(1 internet(1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 19 private(4 private(4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 21 enterprise(1 enterprise(1 NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 23 311 311 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 24 ev(60 ev(60 NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 26 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 27 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 28 jurisdictionOfIncorporationStateOrProvinceName(2 jurisdictionOfIncorporationStateOrProvinceName(2 NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 30 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 98 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 99 1 oid-info.com oid-info.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-2786 99 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 100 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 100 2 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 100 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 100 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 100 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 100 6 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 100 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 3 OID OID NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 4 repository repository NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 6 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.1 1.3.6.1.4.1.311.60.2.1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 7 = = NFP en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 8 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 9 iso(1 iso(1 NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 11 identified identify VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 13 organization(3 organization(3 RP en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 15 dod(6 dod(6 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 17 internet(1 internet(1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 19 private(4 private(4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 21 enterprise(1 enterprise(1 NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 23 311 311 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 24 ev(60 ev(60 NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 26 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 27 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 28 jurisdictionOfIncorporationLocalityName(1 jurisdictionOfIncorporationLocalityName(1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 30 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 101 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 102 1 oid-info.com oid-info.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-2786 102 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 103 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 103 2 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 103 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 103 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 103 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 103 6 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 103 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 3 OID OID NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 4 repository repository NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 6 2.5.4.15 2.5.4.15 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 7 = = SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 8 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 9 joint joint JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 11 iso iso NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 13 itu itu NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 15 t(2 t(2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 17 ds(5 ds(5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 19 attributeType(4 attributeType(4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 21 businessCategory(15 businessCategory(15 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 23 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 104 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 105 1 oid-info.com oid-info.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-2786 105 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 106 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 106 2 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 106 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 106 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 106 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 106 6 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 106 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 3 OID OID NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 4 repository repository NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 6 2.5.4.5 2.5.4.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 7 = = SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 8 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 9 joint joint JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 11 iso iso NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 13 itu itu NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 15 t(2 t(2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 17 ds(5 ds(5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 19 attributeType(4 attributeType(4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 21 serialNumber(5 serialnumber(5 NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 23 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 107 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 108 1 oid-info.com oid-info.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-2786 108 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 109 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 109 2 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 109 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 109 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 109 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 109 6 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 109 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 110 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 110 2 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 110 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 110 4 Ben Ben NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 110 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 111 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 111 2 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 111 3 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 111 4 Contents Contents NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 111 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 111 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 112 1 CAB CAB NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 112 2 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 112 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 113 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 113 2 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 113 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 113 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 113 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 113 6 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 113 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 114 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 114 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 114 3 cert cert NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 114 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 114 5 ev_root_ca_metadata.cc ev_root_ca_metadata.cc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 114 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 114 7 chromium chromium NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 114 8 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 114 9 src src NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 114 10 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 114 11 net net JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 114 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 114 13 Git git NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 114 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 114 15 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 114 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 114 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 115 1 chromium.googlesource.com chromium.googlesource.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 115 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 116 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 116 2 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 116 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 116 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 116 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 116 6 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 116 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 117 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 117 2 Goodin Goodin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 117 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 117 4 Dan Dan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 117 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 117 6 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 117 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 117 8 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 117 9 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 117 10 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 117 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 117 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 118 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 118 2 Nope nope UH en-wikipedia-org-2786 118 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 118 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 118 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 118 6 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 118 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 118 8 HTTPS HTTPS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 118 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 118 10 validated validate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 118 11 Stripe Stripe NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 118 12 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 118 13 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 118 14 think think VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 118 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 118 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 118 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 118 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 119 1 Ars Ars NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 119 2 Technica Technica NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 119 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 120 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 120 2 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 120 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 120 4 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 120 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 120 6 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 120 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 121 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-2786 121 2 Evers ever NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 121 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 121 4 Joris Joris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 121 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 121 6 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 121 7 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 121 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 121 9 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 121 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 121 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 122 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 122 2 IE IE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 122 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 122 4 gives give VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 122 5 secure secure JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 122 6 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 122 7 sites site NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 122 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 122 9 green green JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 122 10 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 122 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 122 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 123 1 CNet cnet UH en-wikipedia-org-2786 123 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 124 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 124 2 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 124 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 124 4 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 124 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 124 6 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 124 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 2 colored colored JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 3 address address NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 4 bar bar NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 7 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 8 weapon weapon NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 11 fight fight NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 12 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 13 phishing phishe VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 14 scams scam NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 17 meant mean VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 20 sign sign NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 23 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 24 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 25 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 26 trusted trust VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 28 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 29 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 30 surfers surfer NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 32 green green JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 33 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 35 carry carry VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 36 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 37 transactions transaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 38 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 125 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 126 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 126 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 126 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 126 4 Richmond Richmond NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 126 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 126 6 Riva Riva NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 126 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 126 8 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 126 9 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 126 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 126 11 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 126 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 126 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 127 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 127 2 Software software NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 127 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 127 4 Spot Spot NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 127 5 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 127 6 Phishers phisher NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 127 7 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-2786 127 8 Irks irk VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 127 9 Small Small NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 127 10 Concerns Concerns NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 127 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 127 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 128 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 128 2 Wall Wall NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 128 3 Street Street NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 128 4 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 128 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 129 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 129 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 129 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 129 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 129 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 129 6 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 129 7 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 129 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 129 9 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 129 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 130 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 130 2 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 130 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 130 4 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 130 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 130 6 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 130 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 2 https://www.cabforum.org/Guidelines_v1_2.pdf https://www.cabforum.org/Guidelines_v1_2.pdf NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 3 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 4 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 5 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 7 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 11 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 12 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 13 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 14 Jackson Jackson NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 16 Collin Collin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 18 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 19 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 20 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 22 Desney Desney NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 23 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 24 Tan Tan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 26 Adam Adam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 27 Barth Barth NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 131 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 132 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 132 2 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 132 3 Evaluation evaluation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 132 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 132 5 Extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 132 6 Validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 132 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 132 8 Picture picture NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 132 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 132 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 132 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 132 12 Picture picture NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 132 13 Phishing Phishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 132 14 Attacks Attacks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 132 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 132 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 132 17 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 132 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 132 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 133 1 Usable Usable NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 133 2 Security Security NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 133 3 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 133 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 134 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-2786 134 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 134 3 Common Common NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 134 4 Questions Questions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 134 5 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 134 6 Extended extended JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 134 7 Validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 134 8 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 134 9 SSL SSL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 134 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 134 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 135 1 DigiCert DigiCert NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 135 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 135 3 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 135 4 Retrieved retrieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 135 5 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 135 6 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 135 7 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 135 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 136 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 136 2 Gutmann Gutmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 136 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 136 4 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 136 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 136 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 136 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 136 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 137 1 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 137 2 Security Security NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 137 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 137 4 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 137 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 137 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 138 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 138 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2786 138 3 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 138 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 139 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 139 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 139 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 139 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 139 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 1 External External NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 2 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 4 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 5 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 6 Browser Browser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 7 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 8 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 9 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 10 Firefox Firefox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 11 green green JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 12 padlock padlock NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 14 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 15 certificates certificate NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 16 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 17 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 18 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 19 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 20 browsers browser NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 21 Features feature VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 22   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 23 · · NFP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 24 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 25   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 26 · · NFP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 27 protocols protocol NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 28 Features feature VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 29 Bookmarks Bookmarks NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 30 Extensions Extensions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 31 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 32 mode mode NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 33 Sync Sync NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 34 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 35 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 36 HTML HTML NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 37 v5 v5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 38 CSS CSS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 39 DOM DOM NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 40 JavaScript JavaScript NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 41 IndexedDB IndexedDB NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 42 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 43 storage storage NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 44 WebAssembly WebAssembly NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 45 WebGL WebGL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 46 Protocols Protocols NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 47 HTTP HTTP VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 48 v2 v2 NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 49 v3 v3 NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 50 Cookies Cookies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 51 Encryption Encryption NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 52 OCSP OCSP NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 53 WebRTC webrtc NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 54 WebSocket websocket NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 55 Active Active NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 56 Blink blink NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 57 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 58 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 59 Avast Avast NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 60 Beaker Beaker NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 61 Blisk Blisk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 62 Brave Brave NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 63 Chrome Chrome NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 64 Chromium Chromium NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 65 Coc Coc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 66 Coc Coc NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 67 Dragon Dragon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 68 Edge Edge NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 69 Epic Epic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 70 Falkon Falkon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 71 Maxthon Maxthon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 72 Opera Opera NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 73 Otter Otter NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 74 Puffin Puffin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 75 SalamWeb SalamWeb NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 76 Samsung Samsung NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 77 Internet internet NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 78 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 79 Sleipnir Sleipnir NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 80 Sputnik Sputnik NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 81 SRWare SRWare NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 82 Torch Torch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 83 UC UC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 84 Vivaldi Vivaldi NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 85 Whale Whale NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 86 Yandex Yandex NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 87 Gecko Gecko NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 88 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 89 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 90 Firefox Firefox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 91 Conkeror Conkeror NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 92 GNU GNU NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 93 IceCat IceCat NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 94 IceDragon IceDragon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 95 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 96 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 97 Meleon Meleon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 98 PirateBrowser PirateBrowser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 99 SeaMonkey SeaMonkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 100 TenFourFox TenFourFox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 101 Tor Tor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 102 Waterfox Waterfox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 103 WebKit WebKit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 104 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 105 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 106 Dolphin Dolphin NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 107 Dooble Dooble NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 108 GNOME GNOME NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 109 Web web NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 110 iCab iCab NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 111 Konqueror Konqueror NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 112 Midori Midori NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 113 Safari Safari NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 114 surf surf NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 115 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 116 360 360 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 117 Avant Avant NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 118 Basilisk Basilisk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 119 Cake Cake NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 120 Browser Browser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 121 CM CM NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 122 Browser Browser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 123 eww eww FW en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 124 Internet Internet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 125 Explorer explorer NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 126 Links Links NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 127 Lunascape Lunascape NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 128 Lynx Lynx NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 129 NetFront NetFront NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 130 NetSurf NetSurf NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 131 Pale Pale NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 132 Moon Moon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 133 QQ QQ NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 134 browser browser NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 135 qutebrowser qutebrowser NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 136 SlimBrowser SlimBrowser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 137 w3 w3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 138 m m NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 139 Discontinued Discontinued NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 140 Gecko Gecko NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 141 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 142 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 143 Beonex Beonex NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 144 Communicator Communicator NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 145 Camino Camino NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 146 Classilla Classilla NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 147 Galeon Galeon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 148 Ghostzilla Ghostzilla NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 149 Kazehakase Kazehakase NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 150 Kylo Kylo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 151 Lotus Lotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 152 MicroB MicroB NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 153 Minimo Minimo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 154 Mozilla Mozilla NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 155 suite suite NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 156 Pogo Pogo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 157 Strata Strata NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 158 Swiftfox Swiftfox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 159 Swiftweasel Swiftweasel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 160 Timberwolf Timberwolf NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 161 xB xB NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 162 Trident Trident NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 163 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 164 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 165 AOL AOL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 166 Deepnet Deepnet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 167 GreenBrowser GreenBrowser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 168 MediaBrowser MediaBrowser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 169 MenuBox MenuBox NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 170 NeoPlanet NeoPlanet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 171 NetCaptor NetCaptor NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 172 SpaceTime SpaceTime NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 173 UltraBrowser UltraBrowser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 174 WebbIE WebbIE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 175 ZAC ZAC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 176 WebKit WebKit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 177 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 178 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 179 Arora Arora NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 180 BOLT BOLT NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 181 Opera Opera NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 182 Coast Coast NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 183 Flock Flock NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 184 Fluid Fluid NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 185 Google Google NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 186 TV TV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 187 Iris Iris NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 188 Mercury Mercury NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 189 OmniWeb OmniWeb NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 190 Origyn Origyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 191 QtWeb QtWeb NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 192 rekonq rekonq NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 193 Rockmelt Rockmelt NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 194 Shiira Shiira NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 195 Steel Steel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 196 Browser Browser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 197 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 198 Symbian Symbian NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 199 Uzbl Uzbl NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 200 WebPositive WebPositive NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 201 xombrero xombrero NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 202 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 203 abaco abaco NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 204 Amaya Amaya NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 205 Arachne Arachne NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 206 Arena Arena NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 207 Blazer Blazer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 208 Charon Charon NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 209 Deepfish Deepfish NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 210 Dillo Dillo NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 211 ELinks ELinks NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 212 Gazelle Gazelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 213 HotJava HotJava NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 214 IBM IBM NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 215 Home Home NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 216 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 217 Reader Reader NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 218 IBM IBM NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 219 WebExplorer WebExplorer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 220 IBrowse IBrowse NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 221 KidZui KidZui NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 222 Line Line NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 223 Mode Mode NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 224 Mosaic Mosaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 225 MSN MSN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 226 TV TV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 227 NetPositive NetPositive NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 228 Netscape Netscape NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 229 Skweezer Skweezer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 230 Skyfire Skyfire NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 231 Teashark Teashark NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 232 ThunderHawk ThunderHawk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 233 Vision Vision NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 234 WinWAP WinWAP NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 235 WorldWideWeb worldwideweb IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 236 Category Category NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 237 Comparisons Comparisons NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 238 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 239 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 240 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 241 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 242 TLS TLS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 243 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 244 SSL SSL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 245 Protocols Protocols NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 246 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 247 technologies technology NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 248 Transport Transport NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 249 Layer Layer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 250 Security Security NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 251 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 252 Secure Secure NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 253 Sockets Sockets NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 254 Layer Layer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 255 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 256 TLS TLS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 257 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 258 SSL SSL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 259 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 260 Datagram Datagram NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 261 Transport Transport NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 262 Layer Layer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 263 Security Security NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 264 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 265 DTLS DTLS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 266 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 267 Server Server NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 268 Name Name NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 269 Indication Indication NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 270 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 271 SNI SNI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 272 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 273 Application Application NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 274 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 275 Layer Layer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 276 Protocol Protocol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 277 Negotiation Negotiation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 278 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 279 ALPN ALPN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 280 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 281 DNS dns NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 282 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 283 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 284 Authentication Authentication NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 285 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 286 Named Named NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 287 Entities Entities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 288 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 289 DANE DANE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 290 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 291 DNS DNS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 292 Certification Certification NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 293 Authority Authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 294 Authorization Authorization NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 295 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 296 CAA CAA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 297 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 298 HTTPS HTTPS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 299 HTTP HTTP NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 300 Strict Strict NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 301 Transport Transport NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 302 Security Security NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 303 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 304 HSTS HSTS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 305 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 306 HTTP HTTP NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 307 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 308 Key Key NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 309 Pinning Pinning NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 310 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 311 HPKP HPKP NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 312 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 313 OCSP OCSP NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 314 stapling staple VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 315 Opportunistic opportunistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 316 TLS TLS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 317 Perfect Perfect NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 318 forward forward RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 319 secrecy secrecy NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 320 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 321 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 322 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 323 infrastructure infrastructure NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 324 Automated Automated NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 325 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 326 Management Management NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 327 Environment Environment NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 328 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 329 ACME ACME NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 330 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 331 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 332 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 333 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 334 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 335 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 336 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 337 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 338 Browser Browser NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 339 Forum Forum NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 340 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 341 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 342 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 343 revocation revocation NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 344 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 345 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 346 CRL CRL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 347 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 348 Domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 349 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 350 validated validate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 351 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 352 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 353 DV DV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 354 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 355 Extended Extended NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 356 Validation Validation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 357 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 358 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 359 EV EV NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 360 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 361 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 362 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 363 Status Status NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 364 Protocol Protocol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 365 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 366 OCSP OCSP NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 367 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 368 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 369 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 370 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 371 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 372 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 373 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 374 cryptography cryptography NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 375 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 376 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 377 infrastructure infrastructure NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 378 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 379 PKI PKI NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 380 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 381 Root root NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 382 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 383 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 384 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 385 signed sign VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 386 certificate certificate NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 387 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 388 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 389 Domain Domain NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 390 Name Name NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 391 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 392 Security Security NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 393 Extensions extension NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 394 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 395 DNSSEC DNSSEC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 396 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 397 Internet Internet NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 398 Protocol Protocol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 399 Security Security NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 400 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 401 IPsec IPsec NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 402 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 403 Secure Secure NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 404 Shell Shell NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 405 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 406 SSH SSH NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 407 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 408 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 409 Export Export NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 410 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 411 cryptography cryptography NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 412 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 413 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 414 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 415 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 416 Server Server NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 417 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 418 Gated Gated NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 419 Cryptography Cryptography NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 420 Implementations Implementations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 421 Bouncy Bouncy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 422 Castle Castle NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 423 BoringSSL BoringSSL VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 424 Botan Botan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 425 BSAFE BSAFE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 426 cryptlib cryptlib VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 427 GnuTLS GnuTLS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 428 JSSE JSSE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 429 LibreSSL LibreSSL '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 430 MatrixSSL MatrixSSL '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 431 mbed mbe VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 432 TLS TLS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 433 NSS NSS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 434 OpenSSL OpenSSL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 435 S2n S2n NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 436 SChannel SChannel NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 437 SSLeay SSLeay NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 438 stunnel stunnel NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 439 wolfSSL wolfSSL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 440 Notaries Notaries NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 441 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 442 Transparency Transparency NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 443 Convergence Convergence NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 444 HTTPS https NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 445 Everywhere everywhere RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 446 Perspectives perspective VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 447 Project project NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 448 Vulnerabilities vulnerability NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 449 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 450 Man Man NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 451 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 452 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 453 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 454 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 455 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 456 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 457 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 458 Padding Padding NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 459 oracle oracle NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 460 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 461 Cipher Cipher NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 462 Bar Bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 463 mitzvah mitzvah NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 464 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 465 Protocol Protocol NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 466 BEAST BEAST NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 467 BREACH breach NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 468 CRIME crime NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 469 DROWN DROWN NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 470 Logjam Logjam NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 471 POODLE POODLE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 472 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 473 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 474 regards regard NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 475 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 476 SSL SSL NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 477 3.0 3.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 478 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 479 Implementation Implementation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 480 Certificate Certificate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 481 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 482 compromise compromise NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 483 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 484 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 485 generator generator NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 486 attacks attack VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 487 FREAK FREAK NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 488 goto goto RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 489 fail fail VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 490 Heartbleed Heartbleed NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 491 Lucky Lucky NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 492 Thirteen Thirteen NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 493 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 494 POODLE POODLE NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 495 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 496 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 497 regards regard NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 498 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 499 TLS TLS NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 500 1.0 1.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 501 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 502 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 503 MITM MITM NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 504 attack attack NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 505 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 506 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 507 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 508 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extended_Validation_Certificate&oldid=996106904 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=extended_validation_certificate&oldid=996106904 JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 509 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 510 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 511 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 512 Key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 513 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 514 E e NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 515 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 516 commerce commerce NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 517 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 518 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 519 infrastructure infrastructure NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 520 Transport Transport NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 521 Layer Layer NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 522 Security Security NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 523 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 524 introductions introduction NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 525 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 526 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 527 : : : en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 528 Webarchive webarchive JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 529 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 530 wayback wayback NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 531 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 532 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 533 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 534 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 535 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 536 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 537 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 538 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 539 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 540 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 541 needing need VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 542 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 543 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 544 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 545 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 546 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 547 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 548 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 549 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 550 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 551 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 552 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 553 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 554 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 555 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 556 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 557 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 558 lacking lack VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 559 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 560 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 561 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 562 lacking lack VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 563 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 564 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 565 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 566 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 567 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 568 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 569 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 570 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 571 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 572 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 573 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 574 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 575 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 576 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 577 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 578 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 579 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 580 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 581 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 582 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 583 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 584 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 585 failed fail VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 586 verification verification NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 587 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 588 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 589 failed fail VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 590 verification verification NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 591 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 592 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 593 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 594 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 595 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 596 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 597 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 598 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 599 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 600 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 601 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 602 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 603 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 604 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 605 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 606 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 607 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 608 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 609 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 610 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 611 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 612 Read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 613 Edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 614 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 615 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 616 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 617 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 618 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 619 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 620 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 621 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 622 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 623 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 624 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 625 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 626 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 627 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 628 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 629 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 630 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 631 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 632 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 633 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 634 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 635 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 636 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 637 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 638 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 639 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 640 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 641 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 642 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 643 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 644 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 645 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 646 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 647 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 648 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 649 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 650 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 651 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 652 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 653 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 654 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 655 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 656 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 657 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 658 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 659 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 660 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 661 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 662 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 663 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 664 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 665 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 666 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 667 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 668 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 669 Languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 670 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 671 Nederlands Nederlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 672 日本語 日本語 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 673 Polski Polski NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 674 Português Português NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 675 Русский Русский NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 676 中文 中文 NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 677 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 678 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 679 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 680 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 681 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 682 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 683 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 684 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 685 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 686 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 687 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 688 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 689 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 690 15:48 15:48 CD en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 691   _SP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 692 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 693 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 694 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-2786 140 695 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 141 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 141 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 141 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 141 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 141 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 141 6 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 141 7 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 141 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 141 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-2786 141 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 141 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 141 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-2786 141 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 141 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 141 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-2786 141 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-2786 141 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 142 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 142 2 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-2786 142 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 142 4 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 142 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 142 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-2786 142 7 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-2786 142 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 142 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 142 10 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-2786 142 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 142 12 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 142 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-2786 142 14 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 142 15 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 142 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 143 1 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 143 2 ® ® NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 143 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-2786 143 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 143 5 registered registered JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 143 6 trademark trademark NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 143 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 143 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 143 9 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 143 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 143 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 143 12 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 143 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-2786 143 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-2786 143 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 143 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 143 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-2786 143 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 143 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-2786 144 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 144 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 144 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-2786 144 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 144 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-2786 144 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 144 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 144 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 144 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-2786 144 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 144 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 144 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-2786 144 13 statement statement NN