Documenting contemporary regional history: the Utah COVID-19 digital collection | Emerald Insight Books and journals Case studies Expert Briefings Open Access Advanced search Documenting contemporary regional history: the Utah COVID-19 digital collection Anna L. Neatrour (J. Willard Marriott Library, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA) Jeremy Myntti (J. Willard Marriott Library, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA) Rachel J. Wittmann (J. Willard Marriott Library, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA) Digital Library Perspectives ISSN: 2059-5816 Publication date: 20 July 2020 pdf (693 KB) Article view Figure view Cited (7) cite article Abstract Purpose When faced with events, such as the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), libraries have a unique opportunity to develop a community facing response through born-digital collections. These collections provide challenges for metadata creation, collection development policies, workflows, and digital preservation. This paper aims to provide an overview of the Utah COVID-19 digital collection, with a discussion of impact and lessons learned. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides a case study of a born-digital collection initiative undertaken at the University of Utah in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The project prompted engagement with the University of Utah communities and people across the state. Workflows, metadata management and partnerships are discussed, to provide a model for institutions developing similar projects during a time of crisis. Findings While the project was launched with open-ended and flexible goals, the response from the community has been both surprising and gratifying. Statistics and examples demonstrating reuse of collection materials are provided to highlight the impact and potential of community engagement. Originality/value Digital collecting projects during a historical event are not new, however the restrictions placed upon people worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic created interesting circumstances for building this collection. Several lessons were learned throughout the project which will be useful for other institutions embarking upon related projects. Keywords Digital collections COVID-19 Pandemic Born-digital Photographs Stories Oral histories Crowdsourced Collecting in times of crisis Citation Neatrour, A.L., Myntti, J. and Wittmann, R.J. (2020), "Documenting contemporary regional history: the Utah COVID-19 digital collection", Digital Library Perspectives, Vol. 36 No. 4, pp. 403-414. https://doi.org/10.1108/DLP-04-2020-0025 Download as .RIS Publisher : Emerald Publishing Limited Copyright © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited Introduction People around the world have been affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The real effects of this pandemic reached Utah in the USA in mid-March 2020 when schools started moving classes online, places of employment asked employees to work from home, church services were held in the home or online, social distancing measures were being enforced in public places, grocery stores experienced panic shoppers and empty shelves, gatherings were limited to 10 people, and the Governor of Utah issued the “Stay Safe, Stay Home Directive” [1]. In order to capture this moment in history, the University of Utah J. Willard Marriott Library began the “Utah COVID-19 Digital Collection” project to collect photographs, stories, and oral histories from residents across the state to preserve how people have responded to the directive, how people coped with social distancing, and the effects that this virus has had on communities. A primary objective of this project was to document the immediate and long-term effects of the measures meant to keep people safe in Utah to curate primary source materials for future historians. Another objective was to help people from the larger Utah and University communities connect with each other by sharing common experiences. This digital collection has also been used as a mechanism for sharing many of the important stories that may be difficult to document, such as how students coped with school disruption or how emergency medical personnel helped their patients feel connected to family members despite visiting restrictions in hospitals. Literature review Libraries have engaged in rapid response to times of crisis in a variety of ways, and the presence of born-digital materials offers new possibilities for libraries and archives to engage with and preserve materials from their communities. As there has not been a global pandemic at the scale of COVID-19 previously when libraries were investing in digital repositories, this represents a new area for digital collection librarians and archivists. Previous health crises are represented in the library literature such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), and influenza outbreaks. Since the health crises libraries dealt with previously were less widespread and communicable, the library literature focused on issues of access to information, information quality, and service to the community. The SARS outbreak from 2002–2004 is reflected in the literature through examinations of consumer health information. The response capacity of public libraries in Ontario for health information requests was examined with findings detailing mixed results about effectiveness of reference transactions (Harris et al., 2005). A case study examining public library web sites during the time of the H1N1 outbreak found in most cases providing links to health resources and alerts was not a high priority for libraries. One possible reason for this finding was that public libraries were not included in their local community’s emergency response planning activities (Zach, 2011). A survey examined information seeking behavior during H1N1 in Singapore concluded that the most sought resources for health information were mass media outlets, with emails and newsletters potentially contributing to information overload (Majid and Rahmat, 2013). A case study of four librarians in Ontario assisting with H1N1 information needs found it was beneficial for librarians to be included in preparedness planning at their institutions to provide the best services possible during a pandemic (Featherstone et al., 2012). Damage to library buildings standing empty and the need for “clean teams” are detailed in an article forecasting what might happen if a pandemic forced libraries to close, with predictions that are relevant to the current COVID-19 pandemic (Robertson, 2006). The concept of collecting in times of crisis is relevant to the development of digital collections during COVID-19. In 2018, the University of Virginia created a survey on rapid digital collection response. It found that more than half of the respondents were involved in a situation that required the rapid development of a digital collection. Rapid collection was prompted by community events, social movements, acts of violence, and natural disasters (McClurken, 2019). Tragedies also create physical collections that pose a variety of issues for archivists. An examination of three case studies of memorial shrines showed that while the community responses centered on donation and curation of physical objects, the creation of finding aids or digital collections with photos serving as surrogates for objects was also an important aspect of this work (Maynor, 2016). Foster and Evans summarize an approach to rapid collecting in response to a crisis exemplified in the Documenting Ferguson [2] project, “Traditionally archivists collected material years following an event. This is no longer the case. Digital content and documenting current events both require information specialists to act quickly and be involved in the initial development of potential collections to ensure they are identified, described, and preserved for future retrieval” (Foster and Evans, 2016, p. 353). While rapid digital collections may develop spontaneously for libraries and museums in a community, in some cases grant-giving foundations support a community response to crisis. The September 11 Archive [3] was developed after the Alfred P. Sloan foundation invited representatives from the Center for History and New Media and the American Social History Project/Center for Media and Learning to develop a digital archive (Brier and Brown, 2011). The unique collaborative nature of the Our Marathon [4] project was structured as a grant-funded project through Northeastern’s Department of English and relied primarily on graduate student labor, as well as infrastructure and expertise from library staff (McGrath and Peaker, 2018). Documenting the Now offers guidelines and ethical considerations for collecting social media materials with the support of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation (Jules et al., 2018). A rapid large-scale digital collection and preservation response to a crisis can be found with Data Refuge, which was formed due to concerns that government data would begin to disappear after the 2016 presidential election. Janz provides an abbreviated history of the movement, which began as groups from the Penn Program for Environmental Humanities (PPEH) and Penn Libraries joined together to host data rescue events (Janz, 2017). Another rapid response to digital scholarship can be found in the Torn Apart/Separados project, which created data visualization for the United States border crisis in 2018 [5]. What sets the response to the COVID-19 pandemic apart from previous projects is the universality of the pandemic. People throughout the world are experiencing the effects of COVID-19, while at the same time regional and local responses and practices differ. For librarians developing collections quickly in a time of crisis, resources such as the University of Virginia Digital Collecting Toolkit [6] and the Documenting in Times of Crisis: A Resource Kit [7] provide valuable structure and background information. The scale of COVID-19 projects capturing images and stories from communities can be seen in the Documenting COVID-19 document [8] and Mapping Public History Projects about COVID-19 [9]. The Association for Research Libraries has provided an overview of digital collection projects from member institutions, highlighting the importance of contemporary collecting for researchers (Groves, 2020). A counterpoint to uncritical collection efforts points out that this type of collection activity relies on the vocational awe present in librarianship (Ettarh, 2018), as institutions do not grapple with issues associated with documenting trauma and rely on these collections as a way of generating good publicity without engaging with the resources that archives need to support ongoing work (Tansey, 2020). The primary responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in libraries have centered on the large-scale disruption in library services, with a focus on library closures followed by details of reopening plans. The survey developed by Hinchliffe and Wolff-Eisenberg in conjunction with Ithaka S+R captures institutional responses [10], identifying trends with library closures and an expansion of remote work options for library staff (Hinchliffe and Wolff-Eisenberg, 2020). While it is currently difficult to see patterns of library responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in the scholarly literature, there are insights to be found in the popular press, blogs, and opinion pieces. Connecting users to information, supporting the needs of researchers, and maintaining services for users are three priorities for health services librarians (Ali and Gatiti, 2020). The need for access to cutting edge research will likely have an effect on library scholarship and open access efforts in the future, as a recent article notes the new environment created by calls for COVID-19 research sharing and the response of commercial publishers combined with the existing infrastructure of disciplinary preprint servers (Tavernier, 2020). An analysis of announcements published by public libraries during the pandemic showed libraries posted general education, followed by closure and library services information (Wang and Lund, 2020). Immediate concerns for most libraries during COVID-19 range from defining proper sanitization procedures (Ewen, 2020) to national surveys documenting limited services and reopening projects during the summer of 2020 (American Library Association, 2020). Developing the Utah COVID-19 digital collection In considering the development of the Utah COVID-19 Digital Collection, the project team was initially cautious, due to concerns that the project might become unwieldy. By adopting a collaborative approach, a team of three librarians was able to adapt to the demands of changing workflows and rapid descriptive metadata creation. Unusually, the librarians on this project also found themselves to be the first collection donors as well as subjects of materials in the collection, as librarians and library staff uploaded their own photos in order to signal the type of materials needed for the project’s collection scope. The initial set of photos included items documenting daily life during COVID-19 such as photos of empty shelves at grocery stores, social distancing hikes, mask making, video conferencing, and baking. Images of social distance measures at the Marriott Library prior to closure were also included. Initial images in the collection from the public were submitted on April 9th, with many submissions following. To solicit items from the public for the collection, messages on the project website and social media were published. Statements such as “Have you ever wanted to be a part of history? Well, guess what? YOU ARE! By living through the pandemic of 2020, you are making history and we need your help” [11] were sent as a call to action, asking people to help the library collect items for the project. The initial tweets asked for Utah residents to consider submitting content [12], and these tweets were quickly picked up by local news stations who helped share the project [13]. Within the first week of soliciting content, 147 submissions containing 234 photographs and stories were received. By continuing to reach out to Utah residents through social media, news outlets, and word of mouth over the first eight weeks of the project, 404 contributions from 188 different people were received, with over 765 individual items added to the collection. Workflows The library had previously created a workflow to collect material for the Utah Religious Architecture Project [14], which was developed to collect born-digital photographs. To collect submissions from users for the Utah COVID-19 Digital Collection, two online forms were developed that connected to the Jira project management system: one for submitting photographs and another for submitting stories. The forms collect files, along with a free text field for information about the submission. The forms assume that the creator of the content maintains copyright for submissions, although Creative Commons Licensing for materials can also be accommodated. While similar projects such as Our Marathon have used the inherent crowdsourced infrastructure support in Omeka [15], the project team wanted to create structured and complete metadata in the Utah COVID-19 Digital Collection from the beginning. This represented a need to invest greater staff time in descriptive metadata creation at the start of the project, with the idea that time would be saved later by not needing to clean-up crowdsourced descriptive metadata. In addition to the advantages of leveraging existing workflows and systems, having a project that did not depend on scanning physical materials was also a priority for library staff working from home. The project team also wanted to have a mechanism for collecting born-digital material in a timely fashion to capture COVID-19 content as the pandemic developed. The library had previously worked on projects to publish digital content submitted by users by having the user submit a signed permission to publish agreement form. The form was originally created by University General Counsel for to support the publication of digital scholarship projects. Librarians worked with General Counsel to revise the permission to publish form to grant the University the right to publish, reproduce, exhibit, broadcast, distribute, display, make available for download, or otherwise use the work submitted while allowing the person submitting the content the right to retain the copyright of their work. General Counsel also revised the form to allow parents to consent to have their child’s school assignments published in the collection by signing a Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act [16] release agreement. It was important to approach collection development policies and workflows for the project with flexibility and the expectation that it would be necessary to change procedures depending on the type of content submitted and potential uses for the collection, many of which were unforeseen at the start of the project. Once an item is submitted, it is reviewed by a librarian for inclusion in the collection. While this collection is meant to represent all aspects of life throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, some items have been declined for a variety of reasons. This includes duplicate entries, advertisements for businesses, or items that do not represent some aspect of life during the pandemic. Items approved are then uploaded into the SIMP Tool, a system created by the Marriott Library to process content for ingestion into the library’s digital asset management and digital preservation systems. The SIMP Tool creates derivatives needed for online display, runs optical character recognition on text files, conducts a fixity check, and assigns an Archival Resource Key as a unique identifier (Neatrour et al., 2014). Dublin Core metadata was created on an item-level basis using information provided by submitters. Titles were created by librarians, but descriptions provided by submitters were copied into the description field and unaltered when possible, remaining in quotations to indicate the text is taken from another source. Finding appropriate subjects from the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) posed challenges as there was no COVID-19 pandemic heading at the beginning of the project. In mid-May, the LCSH term COVID-19 (Disease) was created and added to the collection. Prior to this, a term specified for the pandemic was used in a locally defined “keywords” field. The keywords field was also used to capture school and University course information, which was used to create a variety of faceting options. Creator names were derived from submitter names unless otherwise noted or if a parent submitted material on behalf of their child. In these instances, the child remained creator and copyright holder. When discernable, geographic metadata was added to each record using GeoNames.org. This allowed for identifying geographic strengths and weaknesses of the collection which will be targeted for improvement through future outreach. When a specific date was not indicated, the year and month that the submission was made was used. Once metadata was completed, it was flagged for review by another librarian for quality control before the item was published online. The final steps in the workflow are to send items from the SIMP Tool into Solphal, the library’s homegrown digital asset management system, and also into the Rosetta digital preservation system. In Solphal, the items were made available in the Utah COVID-19 Digital Collection [17]. The files ingested into Rosetta have bit-level preservation actions conducted to keep them available as long as possible. Full-level preservation actions, including file type migration, are not conducted on these files since the compressed JPEG and PDF files are not as easily preserved into perpetuity. Regular back-ups and fixity checks are performed on the files to ensure a minimal level of digital preservation. After the workflows for collecting photos and stories were in place, the project team was approached by faculty members in the University of Utah School of Medicine and Spencer S. Eccles Health Sciences Library about an oral history project at the University Hospital. Since this type of material was different from the content that the project was soliciting, a new workflow was developed. An online form was created for both the interviewee and interviewer to digitally sign, giving the library permission and rights to the content of the oral history interview. With social distancing measures still in place, the interviews were conducted in Zoom. The sessions were recorded, and interviewees gave the library permission to publish either the video or audio. Interviewees had an option to allow the library to make the content available with no restrictions, restricted to the University of Utah campus, or to place a date-based embargo on the content. Once the interview was added to the collection, the file was processed through the Google Speech API to transcribe the text for use as both captions and a transcript. Structured transcripts are also created through manual work by library student employees. Outreach and impact Information about the project was originally shared on personal social media accounts. These posts were picked up and magnified by other library organizations, most notably the Utah State Archives and Records Service who shared the project on 25 different city and county historical society Facebook pages [18]. These posts were viewed by people across the state, including news media outlets who shared the project through their websites, television news broadcasts, and newspapers. After the project had been shared widely people across the state began sending questions to see how they might be able to participate, including elementary and junior high school teachers wanting to share student essays, university professors encouraging students to submit content, and public libraries wanting to support collecting efforts. Due to the need to track inquiries and follow up with communication, a tracking form was created to ensure that questions were answered promptly and outreach ideas were saved. Since this collection is new, it is difficult to predict the impact it will have over time. Researchers, news outlets, the University, and the public have already begun using content from the collection. The library’s Facebook and Twitter account regularly share content from the collection to help promote the existing items as well as to solicit additional content. As of June 15, 2020, there have been 51,500 views of items in the collection, with an average of 735.7 total item views each day since the collection was created. On average, every photograph has been viewed 85.4 times, stories have 13.2 views, and the oral history interviews have 150.3 views. This shows the potential impact that medical oral histories can have during these types of pandemic events. Further impact can be seen when the local Public Broadcasting Service station (PBS Utah) asked how they might be able to repurpose content from the digital collection. After working with the University’s General Counsel on the legal implications of sharing content from this collection with a broadcasting network, the permission to publish agreement was altered to allow for this additional use case. In mid-May 2020, PBS Utah began a new series titled “Utah Insight” to provide information for current issues around the state. The first episode of the series was on the COVID-19 pandemic and featured images from the library’s digital collection [19]. To track the impact of this collection over time, usage statistics will be reviewed on a regular basis. Google alerts have also been created so the project investigators can be notified when the collection is mentioned on other websites or news stories. Based on the rapid popularity and growth of the project, capturing statistics and notifications will be important to ensure that the collection is serving the purpose of making information about COVID-19 in Utah available for researchers. Types of content received The submitted image content includes a mix of anticipated coverage of the stay-at-home lifestyle and social distancing measures due to COVID-19. This includes stores enforcing occupancy limits of shoppers and personal space guidelines while shopping; empty shelves in supermarkets; closure signage including businesses, playgrounds, and parks; inspirational window message displays; people wearing and sewing face masks; students attending school from home; and people remaining occupied with common pastimes while staying home (Figure 1). With the sudden transition to online education at every grade level, students from kindergarten through college level began adjusting to new technology and online classrooms. Submissions that reflect emotionally difficult experiences during the pandemic include photo documentation of a family member quarantining in the basement due to COVID-19 diagnosis [20] and the COVID-19 screening process [21]. The implications of social distancing were documented in a funeral service where attendees could not stand near their family members [22], an online wedding ceremony [23], and family members visiting elderly relatives in assisted living centers through windows [24]. Subject content analysis of the image submissions reveals some of the more creative ways that people are coping with the COVID-19 pandemic. The twenty-two instances of the LCSH term “Mannequins (Figures)” (Figure 1) is due to several submissions where simulated social experiences were staged. In one submission a photographer posed with her mannequin to replicate common stay-at-home activities [25], while another submission included a birthday party staged by a parent for their child with Halloween figures in attendance in lieu of friends and family [26]. Other innovative ways of enduring the social distance rules were seen in local drag performances which were moved to virtual platforms [27] to avoid in-person gatherings. Documenting artistic expression during the pandemic adds to future research value of the collection in unexpected ways. While the Utah COVID-19 digital collection is open to public submissions, Marriott Library employees also made contributions to document how the pandemic impacted the University community, with materials documenting social distance measures within the library, creating 3-D printed face shields for medical personnel, and other University events such as virtual and informal commencement ceremonies. Owing to in-person commencement for the class of 2020 being canceled, students were seen creating their own graduation rituals (Plate 1). Written stories submissions included a mix of both K-12 and University students along with the general public. University of Utah faculty incorporated Utah COVID-19 story submissions into their curriculum by asking students to reflect on their experiences. As a result, over half of the stories in the collection are from University of Utah students. This was beneficial in documenting University student experiences, attitudes, and concerns at the onset of the pandemic. School closures coincided with classes resuming after spring break, as a student points out “Most students at the University of Utah will long remember their spring break, but not because of what they did or because it was extended, rather, because this was a turning point in the world [28].” Other story submissions from the public vary from difficult experiences to heartwarming ones. The COVID-19 pandemic brought complications to how a family cared for an elderly parent in their final days by preventing family members from being able to assist in care and having a funeral [29]. Another story submitted by elderly parents told of their five children’s families coming to sing to them safely from the street [30]. Collectively, these stories document a variety of experiences from a range of Utah. Future plans As the collection grew, the project team was able to articulate new goals based on the content received by the library. Connecting with a professor from the LEAP Academic Learning Communities [31] resulted in multiple submissions based on a class assignment. Moving forward into the 2020 fall semester, the project team plans on developing additional outreach initiatives to professors and university students. As the University is working towards a phased reopening over the coming months, documenting social distancing measures on campus will also be an area of interest. In addition to the oral history project being conducted at University Hospital, other oral history projects may connect to this collection. The School of Medicine is exploring an oral history project among medical students, and the Department of History will have at least one course where students will create oral histories related to the pandemic. Later this year, other interviews may be conducted among University leadership to be able to document the full picture of the impact the pandemic has had upon the University. An emerging collaboration is being explored with the Utah Division of State History, a division of the Utah Department of Heritage and Arts (DHA). DHA is actively collecting stories and materials from K-12 Utah students through the COVID-19 Memory Project [32]. As DHA uses the Marriott Library’s technical infrastructure for their digital asset management system and digital preservation system, it will be possible to connect the two COVID-19 projects within the same systems. Once descriptive metadata was added to the collection, it was clear that the largest areas of geographic coverage were Salt Lake City and nearby counties. An additional goal for the future is to fill in a map of geographic coverage for the collection so every county in the state is represented, indicating another area for future outreach. Lessons learned As the Utah COVID-19 project evolved, there were several lessons that were quickly learned, such as being flexible and getting administrative and institutional buy-in. The Marriott Library was closed in mid-March 2020 and all librarians and staff were asked to work from home, so librarians developing this collection were fortunate to be able to rearrange their schedules to prioritize the project. As the news around the COVID-19 pandemic changed nearly every day, so did the needs and scope of this project. The initial idea for this project was to create a collection of photographs documenting how the pandemic was affecting the State of Utah. Within days, the project had expanded to include textual documents such as stories, journal entries, or other written thoughts, followed by oral history projects. The project processes quickly needed to change to accommodate professors and teachers encouraging students to submit materials to the collection. With several television, radio, and newspaper producers and reporters contacting the library within the first few days of beginning the project, the project team had to quickly develop new collection promotion workflows and content for sharing with news outlets. Due to social distancing measures, all interviews were conducted via Zoom. A majority of these interviews included the three librarians who had developed the project, so this team developed basic talking points in preparation. A set of images from and about the collection was created to share with the news outlets. This material also included short videos showing how to submit items and how to view the collection. By developing this type of B-roll footage, news outlets were more easily able to create a visually engaging segment about the project even though they could not interview people in-person. When the initial idea for the Utah COVID-19 Digital Collection was shared with library administration, they showed strong support for the project. The project was first presented to administration in the library’s Executive Committee Meeting where several people immediately began enthusiastically brainstorming ideas. Without the support of library administration, this digital collection would not have seen the instant success that was experienced, including support for utilizing library resources such as employee time and server space. In addition, the University’s General Counsel was responsive and supportive of the project from the beginning, helping to rapidly revise the permission to publish agreement multiple times to accommodate multiple use case scenarios as they developed. Conclusion The Utah COVID-19 project was able to grow rapidly due to widespread community support and interest. The project team was gratified by the University community response and the opportunity to build new partnerships with the medical school. Receiving direct student contributions has been a priority, and having professors encourage their students to submit their stories helps to continue to document and preserve the University of Utah student experience of COVID-19. News media coverage has been particularly helpful in getting the message out about the project to people who might not normally think of publishing their materials documenting their daily lives in a digital library. The COVID-19 experience continues, and this project will continue to collect and document this time in history. The greatest milestone for the project will be when people will be able to share their memories of the pandemic instead of their current lived experiences. The library looks forward to future historians using the Utah COVID-19 Digital Collection to explore this historic and unprecedented event. Figures Opens in a new window. Plate 1. Graduate in bathrobe, by Melanie Hawks, https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6hn0m6v Opens in a new window. Figure 1. Image subject analysis Notes 1. Utah.gov, “Stay Safe, Stay Home Directive,” https://coronavirus.utah.gov/stay-at-home/ 2. http://digital.wustl.edu/ferguson/ 3. https://911digitalarchive.org/ 4. https://marathon.library.northeastern.edu/ 5. http://xpmethod.plaintext.in/epistemic-action/2018-06-25-torn-apart.html 6. http://digitalcollecting.lib.virginia.edu/toolkit/ 7. https://www2.archivists.org/advocacy/documenting-in-times-of-crisis-a-resource-kit 8. https://bit.ly/doc-covid19 9. https://ifph.hypotheses.org/3225 10. https://surveys.ithaka.org/jfe/form/SV_8qN8F2274hMBBBz 11. Utah COVID-19 Digital Collection, https://newsletter.lib.utah.edu/utah-covid-19-digital-collection/ 12. https://twitter.com/jmyntti/status/1248322568722866177 13. https://twitter.com/SydneyGlennTV/status/1248713112091418624 14. Utah Religious Architecture Photographs Project, https://lib.utah.edu/services/digital-library/utah_religious_architecture.php 15. https://marathon.library.northeastern.edu/home/about/ 16. www2.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/fpco/ferpa/index.html 17. Utah COVID-19 Digital Collection, https://collections.lib.utah.edu/search?facet_setname_s=uum_uc19 18. www.facebook.com/utahstatearchives/posts/3737009213007770 19. PBS Utah. “Utah Insight.” www.pbsutah.org/utah-insight 20. Blake Church in basement isolation due to COVID-19, https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6tx8q3b. 21. Drive through COVID-19 testing, https://collections.lib.utah.edu/search?q=Hayes+Vice%2C+Angel&facet_setname_s=uum_uc19 22. Social distance at funeral, https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s69p89kk 23. Ryan and Kristen Alleman online wedding, https://collections.lib.utah.edu/search?q=Christine+Alleman&facet_setname_s=uum_uc19 24. Images with LCSH Adult care facilities https://collections.lib.utah.edu/search?q=Adult+care+facilities&facet_setname_s=uum_uc19 25. Alise and Betty the mannequin, https://collections.lib.utah.edu/search?q=alise+king&facet_setname_s=uum_uc19 26. Birthday party during social distancing, https://collections.lib.utah.edu/search?q=Lingwall%2C+Leisa&facet_setname_s=uum_uc19 27. Mona Diet, performs [STATE] Digital Drag Show, https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6pg72wp 28. Brock Allen, Story https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6w71z1d 29. Lorraine Thompson, Story https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6gf64gj 30. Carolee Harmon, Story https://collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s6k12dzd 31. LEAP Academic Learning Communities, https://leap.utah.edu/ 32. https://history.utah.gov/covid-19-memory-project/ References Ali, M.Y. and Gatiti, P. 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