id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentences	flesch	summary	cache	txt
en-wikipedia-org-1011		Proof of stake - Wikipedia			.html	text/html	1397	255	67	Proof of stake (PoS) protocols are a class of consensus mechanisms for blockchains that work by selecting validators in proportion to their quantity of holdings in the associated cryptocurrency. Proof of work, another commonly used consensus mechanism, uses a validation of computational prowess to verify transactions, requiring a potential attacker to acquire a large fraction of the computational power of the validator network.[2] This incentivizes consuming huge quantities of energy. In 2021, Elon Musk and Bill Gates were seen as damaging sentiment towards proof-of-work blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum by publicising their massive energy consumption. The first functioning implementation of a proof-of-stake cryptocurrency was Peercoin, introduced in 2012.[1] Other cryptocurrencies, such as Blackcoin, Nxt, Cardano, and Algorand followed.[1] However, as of 2017[update], PoS cryptocurrencies were still not as widely used as proof-of-work cryptocurrencies.[9] The biggest proof-of-stake blockchains by "market cap" in 2021 were Cardano, Polkadot and Solana. "Securing Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Protocols".	./cache/en-wikipedia-org-1011.html	./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1011.txt