id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
www-nature-com-63	1	1	Policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	1	2	assessments	assessment	NNS
www-nature-com-63	1	3	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	1	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	1	5	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	1	6	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	1	7	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	1	8	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	1	9	sustainability	sustainability	NN
www-nature-com-63	1	10	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	1	11	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	1	12	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	1	13	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	1	14	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	1	15	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	1	16	ARTICLE	ARTICLE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	1	17	Policy	Policy	NNP
www-nature-com-63	1	18	assessments	assessment	NNS
www-nature-com-63	1	19	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	1	20	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	1	21	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	1	22	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	1	23	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	1	24	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	1	25	sustainability	sustainability	NN
www-nature-com-63	1	26	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	1	27	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	1	28	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	1	29	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	1	30	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	1	31	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	1	32	Shangrong	Shangrong	NNP
www-nature-com-63	1	33	Jiang	Jiang	NNP
www-nature-com-63	1	34	1,7	1,7	CD
www-nature-com-63	1	35	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	1	36	Yuze	Yuze	NNP
www-nature-com-63	1	37	Li	Li	NNP
www-nature-com-63	1	38	1,2,7	1,2,7	CD
www-nature-com-63	1	39	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	1	40	Quanying	Quanying	NNP
www-nature-com-63	1	41	Lu2	lu2	NN
www-nature-com-63	1	42	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	1	43	Yongmiao	Yongmiao	NNP
www-nature-com-63	1	44	Hong2,3	Hong2,3	NNP
www-nature-com-63	1	45	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	1	46	Dabo	Dabo	NNP
www-nature-com-63	1	47	Guan4	guan4	CD
www-nature-com-63	1	48	✉	✉	NN
www-nature-com-63	1	49	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	1	50	Yu	Yu	NNP
www-nature-com-63	1	51	Xiong5	Xiong5	NNP
www-nature-com-63	1	52	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	1	53	Shouyang	Shouyang	NNP
www-nature-com-63	1	54	Wang	Wang	NNP
www-nature-com-63	1	55	1,2,6	1,2,6	CD
www-nature-com-63	1	56	✉	✉	NN
www-nature-com-63	1	57	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	1	58	growing	grow	VBG
www-nature-com-63	1	59	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	1	60	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	1	61	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	1	62	associated	associated	JJ
www-nature-com-63	1	63	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	1	64	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	1	65	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	1	66	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	1	67	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	1	68	could	could	MD
www-nature-com-63	1	69	potentially	potentially	RB
www-nature-com-63	1	70	undermine	undermine	VB
www-nature-com-63	1	71	global	global	JJ
www-nature-com-63	1	72	sustainable	sustainable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	1	73	efforts	effort	NNS
www-nature-com-63	1	74	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	2	1	By	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	2	2	investigating	investigate	VBG
www-nature-com-63	2	3	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	2	4	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	2	5	flows	flow	NNS
www-nature-com-63	2	6	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	2	7	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	2	8	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	2	9	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	2	10	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	2	11	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	2	12	with	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	2	13	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	2	14	simulation	simulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	2	15	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	2	16	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	2	17	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	2	18	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	2	19	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	2	20	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	2	21	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	2	22	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	2	23	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	2	24	find	find	VBP
www-nature-com-63	2	25	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	2	26	without	without	IN
www-nature-com-63	2	27	any	any	DT
www-nature-com-63	2	28	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	2	29	interventions	intervention	NNS
www-nature-com-63	2	30	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	2	31	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	2	32	annual	annual	JJ
www-nature-com-63	2	33	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	2	34	con-	con-	NN
www-nature-com-63	2	35	sumption	sumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	2	36	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	2	37	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	2	38	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	2	39	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	2	40	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	2	41	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	2	42	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	2	43	expected	expect	VBN
www-nature-com-63	2	44	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	2	45	peak	peak	VB
www-nature-com-63	2	46	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	2	47	2024	2024	CD
www-nature-com-63	2	48	at	at	IN
www-nature-com-63	2	49	296.59	296.59	CD
www-nature-com-63	2	50	Twh	Twh	NNP
www-nature-com-63	2	51	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	2	52	generate	generate	VB
www-nature-com-63	2	53	130.50	130.50	CD
www-nature-com-63	2	54	million	million	CD
www-nature-com-63	2	55	metric	metric	JJ
www-nature-com-63	2	56	tons	ton	NNS
www-nature-com-63	2	57	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	2	58	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	2	59	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	2	60	correspondingly	correspondingly	RB
www-nature-com-63	2	61	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	3	1	Internationally	internationally	RB
www-nature-com-63	3	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	3	3	this	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	3	4	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	3	5	output	output	NN
www-nature-com-63	3	6	would	would	MD
www-nature-com-63	3	7	exceed	exceed	VB
www-nature-com-63	3	8	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	3	9	total	total	JJ
www-nature-com-63	3	10	annualized	annualize	VBN
www-nature-com-63	3	11	greenhouse	greenhouse	NN
www-nature-com-63	3	12	gas	gas	NN
www-nature-com-63	3	13	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	3	14	output	output	NN
www-nature-com-63	3	15	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	3	16	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	3	17	Czech	Czech	NNP
www-nature-com-63	3	18	Republic	Republic	NNP
www-nature-com-63	3	19	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	3	20	Qatar	Qatar	NNP
www-nature-com-63	3	21	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	4	1	Domestically	domestically	RB
www-nature-com-63	4	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	4	3	it	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	4	4	ranks	rank	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	4	5	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	4	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	4	7	top	top	JJ
www-nature-com-63	4	8	10	10	CD
www-nature-com-63	4	9	among	among	IN
www-nature-com-63	4	10	182	182	CD
www-nature-com-63	4	11	cities	city	NNS
www-nature-com-63	4	12	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	4	13	42	42	CD
www-nature-com-63	4	14	industrial	industrial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	4	15	sectors	sector	NNS
www-nature-com-63	4	16	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	4	17	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	4	18	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	5	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	5	2	this	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	5	3	work	work	NN
www-nature-com-63	5	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	5	5	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	5	6	show	show	VBP
www-nature-com-63	5	7	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	5	8	moving	move	VBG
www-nature-com-63	5	9	away	away	RB
www-nature-com-63	5	10	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	5	11	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	5	12	current	current	JJ
www-nature-com-63	5	13	punitive	punitive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	5	14	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	5	15	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	5	16	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	5	17	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	5	18	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	5	19	site	site	NN
www-nature-com-63	5	20	regulation	regulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	5	21	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	5	22	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	5	23	induces	induce	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	5	24	changes	change	NNS
www-nature-com-63	5	25	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	5	26	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	5	27	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	5	28	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	5	29	structure	structure	NN
www-nature-com-63	5	30	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	5	31	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	5	32	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	5	33	activities	activity	NNS
www-nature-com-63	5	34	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	5	35	more	more	RBR
www-nature-com-63	5	36	effective	effective	JJ
www-nature-com-63	5	37	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	5	38	limiting	limit	VBG
www-nature-com-63	5	39	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	5	40	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	5	41	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	5	42	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	5	43	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	5	44	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	5	45	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	6	1	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	NNP
www-nature-com-63	6	2	OPEN	OPEN	NNP
www-nature-com-63	6	3	1	1	CD
www-nature-com-63	6	4	School	School	NNP
www-nature-com-63	6	5	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	6	6	Economics	Economics	NNP
www-nature-com-63	6	7	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	6	8	Management	Management	NNP
www-nature-com-63	6	9	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	6	10	University	University	NNP
www-nature-com-63	6	11	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	6	12	Chinese	Chinese	NNP
www-nature-com-63	6	13	Academy	Academy	NNP
www-nature-com-63	6	14	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	6	15	Sciences	Sciences	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	6	16	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	6	17	Beijing	Beijing	NNP
www-nature-com-63	6	18	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	6	19	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	6	20	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	7	1	2	2	CD
www-nature-com-63	7	2	Academy	Academy	NNP
www-nature-com-63	7	3	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	7	4	Mathematics	Mathematics	NNP
www-nature-com-63	7	5	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	7	6	Systems	Systems	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	7	7	Science	Science	NNP
www-nature-com-63	7	8	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	7	9	Chinese	Chinese	NNP
www-nature-com-63	7	10	Academy	Academy	NNP
www-nature-com-63	7	11	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	7	12	Sciences	Sciences	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	7	13	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	7	14	Beijing	Beijing	NNP
www-nature-com-63	7	15	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	7	16	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	7	17	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	8	1	3	3	CD
www-nature-com-63	8	2	Department	Department	NNP
www-nature-com-63	8	3	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	8	4	Economics	Economics	NNP
www-nature-com-63	8	5	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	8	6	Department	Department	NNP
www-nature-com-63	8	7	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	8	8	Statistical	Statistical	NNP
www-nature-com-63	8	9	Science	Science	NNP
www-nature-com-63	8	10	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	8	11	Cornell	Cornell	NNP
www-nature-com-63	8	12	University	University	NNP
www-nature-com-63	8	13	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	8	14	Ithaca	Ithaca	NNP
www-nature-com-63	8	15	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	8	16	NY	NY	NNP
www-nature-com-63	8	17	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	8	18	USA	USA	NNP
www-nature-com-63	8	19	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	9	1	4	4	CD
www-nature-com-63	9	2	Department	Department	NNP
www-nature-com-63	9	3	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	9	4	Earth	Earth	NNP
www-nature-com-63	9	5	System	System	NNP
www-nature-com-63	9	6	Science	Science	NNP
www-nature-com-63	9	7	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	9	8	Tsinghua	Tsinghua	NNP
www-nature-com-63	9	9	University	University	NNP
www-nature-com-63	9	10	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	9	11	Beijing	Beijing	NNP
www-nature-com-63	9	12	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	9	13	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	9	14	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	10	1	5	5	CD
www-nature-com-63	10	2	Surrey	Surrey	NNP
www-nature-com-63	10	3	Business	Business	NNP
www-nature-com-63	10	4	School	School	NNP
www-nature-com-63	10	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	10	6	University	University	NNP
www-nature-com-63	10	7	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	10	8	Surrey	Surrey	NNP
www-nature-com-63	10	9	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	10	10	Guildford	Guildford	NNP
www-nature-com-63	10	11	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	10	12	UK	UK	NNP
www-nature-com-63	10	13	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	11	1	6	6	CD
www-nature-com-63	11	2	Center	Center	NNP
www-nature-com-63	11	3	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	11	4	Forecasting	Forecasting	NNP
www-nature-com-63	11	5	Science	Science	NNP
www-nature-com-63	11	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	11	7	Chinese	Chinese	NNP
www-nature-com-63	11	8	Academy	Academy	NNP
www-nature-com-63	11	9	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	11	10	Sciences	Sciences	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	11	11	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	11	12	Beijing	Beijing	NNP
www-nature-com-63	11	13	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	11	14	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	11	15	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	12	1	7These	7these	JJ
www-nature-com-63	12	2	authors	author	NNS
www-nature-com-63	12	3	contributed	contribute	VBD
www-nature-com-63	12	4	equally	equally	RB
www-nature-com-63	12	5	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	12	6	Shangrong	Shangrong	NNP
www-nature-com-63	12	7	Jiang	Jiang	NNP
www-nature-com-63	12	8	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	12	9	Yuze	Yuze	NNP
www-nature-com-63	12	10	Li	Li	NNP
www-nature-com-63	12	11	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	13	1	✉	✉	NNP
www-nature-com-63	13	2	email	email	NNP
www-nature-com-63	13	3	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	13	4	guandabo@tsinghua.edu.cn	guandabo@tsinghua.edu.cn	NNP
www-nature-com-63	13	5	;	;	:
www-nature-com-63	13	6	sywang@amss.ac.cn	sywang@amss.ac.cn	CD
www-nature-com-63	13	7	NATURE	NATURE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	13	8	COMMUNICATIONS	communication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	13	9	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	13	10	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	13	11	2021	2021	CD
www-nature-com-63	13	12	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	13	13	12:1938	12:1938	CD
www-nature-com-63	13	14	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	13	15	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	13	16	|	|	NNP
www-nature-com-63	13	17	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	13	18	1	1	CD
www-nature-com-63	13	19	12	12	CD
www-nature-com-63	13	20	3	3	CD
www-nature-com-63	13	21	4	4	CD
www-nature-com-63	13	22	5	5	CD
www-nature-com-63	13	23	6	6	CD
www-nature-com-63	13	24	7	7	CD
www-nature-com-63	13	25	8	8	CD
www-nature-com-63	13	26	9	9	CD
www-nature-com-63	13	27	0	0	CD
www-nature-com-63	13	28	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	13	29	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	13	30	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	13	31	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	13	32	;	;	:
www-nature-com-63	13	33	http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3&domain=pdf	http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3&domain=pdf	ADD
www-nature-com-63	13	34	http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3&domain=pdf	http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3&domain=pdf	NN
www-nature-com-63	13	35	http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3&domain=pdf	http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3&domain=pdf	NNP
www-nature-com-63	13	36	http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3&domain=pdf	http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3&domain=pdf	NNP
www-nature-com-63	13	37	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2780-9075	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2780-9075	NNP
www-nature-com-63	13	38	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2780-9075	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2780-9075	NNP
www-nature-com-63	13	39	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2780-9075	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2780-9075	NNP
www-nature-com-63	13	40	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2780-9075	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2780-9075	NNP
www-nature-com-63	13	41	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2780-9075	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2780-9075	NNP
www-nature-com-63	13	42	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-0750	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-0750	JJ
www-nature-com-63	13	43	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-0750	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-0750	JJ
www-nature-com-63	13	44	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-0750	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-0750	JJ
www-nature-com-63	13	45	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-0750	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-0750	JJ
www-nature-com-63	13	46	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-0750	http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-0750	NNP
www-nature-com-63	13	47	http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5773-998X	http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5773-998x	UH
www-nature-com-63	13	48	http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5773-998X	http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5773-998x	UH
www-nature-com-63	13	49	http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5773-998X	http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5773-998x	UH
www-nature-com-63	13	50	http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5773-998X	http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5773-998x	UH
www-nature-com-63	13	51	http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5773-998X	http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5773-998x	UH
www-nature-com-63	13	52	mailto:guandabo@tsinghua.edu.cn	mailto:guandabo@tsinghua.edu.cn	NNP
www-nature-com-63	13	53	mailto:sywang@amss.ac.cn	mailto:sywang@amss.ac.cn	NNP
www-nature-com-63	13	54	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	13	55	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	13	56	A	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	13	57	s	s	NNP
www-nature-com-63	13	58	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	13	59	attracted	attract	VBD
www-nature-com-63	13	60	considerable	considerable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	13	61	amount	amount	NN
www-nature-com-63	13	62	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	13	63	attention	attention	NN
www-nature-com-63	13	64	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	13	65	recent	recent	JJ
www-nature-com-63	13	66	years	year	NNS
www-nature-com-63	13	67	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	13	68	its	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	13	69	underlying	underlying	JJ
www-nature-com-63	13	70	core	core	NN
www-nature-com-63	13	71	mechanism	mechanism	NN
www-nature-com-63	13	72	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	13	73	namely	namely	RB
www-nature-com-63	13	74	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	13	75	technology	technology	NN
www-nature-com-63	13	76	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	13	77	has	have	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	13	78	also	also	RB
www-nature-com-63	13	79	quickly	quickly	RB
www-nature-com-63	13	80	gained	gain	VBN
www-nature-com-63	13	81	popularity	popularity	NN
www-nature-com-63	13	82	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	14	1	Due	due	IN
www-nature-com-63	14	2	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	14	3	its	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	14	4	key	key	JJ
www-nature-com-63	14	5	characteristics	characteristic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	14	6	such	such	JJ
www-nature-com-63	14	7	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	14	8	decentralization	decentralization	NN
www-nature-com-63	14	9	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	14	10	audit-	audit-	NNP
www-nature-com-63	14	11	ability	ability	NN
www-nature-com-63	14	12	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	14	13	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	14	14	anonymity	anonymity	NN
www-nature-com-63	14	15	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	14	16	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	14	17	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	14	18	widely	widely	RB
www-nature-com-63	14	19	regarded	regard	VBN
www-nature-com-63	14	20	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	14	21	one	one	CD
www-nature-com-63	14	22	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	14	23	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	14	24	most	most	RBS
www-nature-com-63	14	25	promising	promising	JJ
www-nature-com-63	14	26	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	14	27	attractive	attractive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	14	28	technologies	technology	NNS
www-nature-com-63	14	29	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	14	30	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	14	31	variety	variety	NN
www-nature-com-63	14	32	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	14	33	industries	industry	NNS
www-nature-com-63	14	34	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	14	35	such	such	JJ
www-nature-com-63	14	36	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	14	37	supply	supply	NN
www-nature-com-63	14	38	chain	chain	NN
www-nature-com-63	14	39	finance	finance	NN
www-nature-com-63	14	40	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	14	41	production	production	NN
www-nature-com-63	14	42	operations	operation	NNS
www-nature-com-63	14	43	management	management	NN
www-nature-com-63	14	44	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	14	45	logistics	logistic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	14	46	management	management	NN
www-nature-com-63	14	47	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	14	48	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	14	49	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	14	50	Internet	internet	NN
www-nature-com-63	14	51	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	14	52	Things	thing	NNS
www-nature-com-63	14	53	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	14	54	IoT)1–3	IoT)1–3	NNP
www-nature-com-63	14	55	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	15	1	Despite	despite	IN
www-nature-com-63	15	2	its	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	15	3	promises	promise	NNS
www-nature-com-63	15	4	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	15	5	attractiveness	attractiveness	NN
www-nature-com-63	15	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	15	7	its	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	15	8	first	first	JJ
www-nature-com-63	15	9	appli-	appli-	NNP
www-nature-com-63	15	10	cation	cation	NN
www-nature-com-63	15	11	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	15	12	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	15	13	actual	actual	JJ
www-nature-com-63	15	14	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	15	15	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	15	16	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	15	17	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	15	18	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	15	19	indicates	indicate	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	15	20	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	15	21	there	there	EX
www-nature-com-63	15	22	exists	exist	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	15	23	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	15	24	non	non	JJ
www-nature-com-63	15	25	-	-	JJ
www-nature-com-63	15	26	negligible	negligible	JJ
www-nature-com-63	15	27	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	15	28	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	15	29	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	15	30	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	15	31	drawback	drawback	NN
www-nature-com-63	15	32	with	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	15	33	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	15	34	current	current	JJ
www-nature-com-63	15	35	consensus	consensus	NN
www-nature-com-63	15	36	algorithm	algorithm	NN
www-nature-com-63	15	37	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	16	1	Therefore	therefore	RB
www-nature-com-63	16	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	16	3	there	there	EX
www-nature-com-63	16	4	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	16	5	an	an	DT
www-nature-com-63	16	6	urgent	urgent	JJ
www-nature-com-63	16	7	need	need	NN
www-nature-com-63	16	8	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	16	9	address	address	VB
www-nature-com-63	16	10	this	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	16	11	issue	issue	NN
www-nature-com-63	16	12	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	17	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	17	2	this	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	17	3	paper	paper	NN
www-nature-com-63	17	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	17	5	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	17	6	quantify	quantify	VBP
www-nature-com-63	17	7	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	17	8	current	current	JJ
www-nature-com-63	17	9	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	17	10	future	future	JJ
www-nature-com-63	17	11	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	17	12	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	17	13	patterns	pattern	NNS
www-nature-com-63	17	14	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	17	15	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	17	16	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	17	17	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	17	18	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	17	19	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	17	20	under	under	IN
www-nature-com-63	17	21	different	different	JJ
www-nature-com-63	17	22	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	17	23	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	17	24	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	18	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	18	2	recent	recent	JJ
www-nature-com-63	18	3	years	year	NNS
www-nature-com-63	18	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	18	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	18	6	system	system	NN
www-nature-com-63	18	7	dynamics	dynamic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	18	8	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	18	9	SD	SD	NNP
www-nature-com-63	18	10	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	18	11	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	18	12	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	18	13	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	18	14	widely	widely	RB
www-nature-com-63	18	15	introduced	introduce	VBN
www-nature-com-63	18	16	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	18	17	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	18	18	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	18	19	flow	flow	NN
www-nature-com-63	18	20	estimation	estimation	NN
www-nature-com-63	18	21	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	18	22	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	18	23	specific	specific	JJ
www-nature-com-63	18	24	area	area	NN
www-nature-com-63	18	25	or	or	CC
www-nature-com-63	18	26	industry4,5	industry4,5	NN
www-nature-com-63	18	27	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	19	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	19	2	comparison	comparison	NN
www-nature-com-63	19	3	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	19	4	its	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	19	5	counterparts	counterpart	NNS
www-nature-com-63	19	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	19	7	SD	SD	NNP
www-nature-com-63	19	8	modeling	modeling	NN
www-nature-com-63	19	9	has	have	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	19	10	two	two	CD
www-nature-com-63	19	11	main	main	JJ
www-nature-com-63	19	12	advantages	advantage	NNS
www-nature-com-63	19	13	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	19	14	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	19	15	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	19	16	flow	flow	NN
www-nature-com-63	19	17	assessment	assessment	NN
www-nature-com-63	19	18	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	19	19	first	first	RB
www-nature-com-63	19	20	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	19	21	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	19	22	combining	combine	VBG
www-nature-com-63	19	23	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	19	24	feedback	feedback	NN
www-nature-com-63	19	25	loops	loop	NNS
www-nature-com-63	19	26	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	19	27	stock	stock	NN
www-nature-com-63	19	28	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	19	29	flow	flow	NN
www-nature-com-63	19	30	para-	para-	NNP
www-nature-com-63	19	31	meters	meter	NNS
www-nature-com-63	19	32	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	19	33	SD	SD	NNP
www-nature-com-63	19	34	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	19	35	able	able	JJ
www-nature-com-63	19	36	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	19	37	capture	capture	VB
www-nature-com-63	19	38	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	19	39	reproduce	reproduce	VB
www-nature-com-63	19	40	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	19	41	endogenous	endogenous	JJ
www-nature-com-63	19	42	dynamics	dynamic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	19	43	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	19	44	complex	complex	JJ
www-nature-com-63	19	45	system	system	NN
www-nature-com-63	19	46	elements	element	NNS
www-nature-com-63	19	47	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	19	48	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	19	49	enables	enable	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	19	50	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	19	51	simu-	simu-	NN
www-nature-com-63	19	52	lation	lation	NN
www-nature-com-63	19	53	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	19	54	estimation	estimation	NN
www-nature-com-63	19	55	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	19	56	specific	specific	JJ
www-nature-com-63	19	57	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	19	58	operations6–8	operations6–8	JJ
www-nature-com-63	19	59	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	20	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	20	2	addition	addition	NN
www-nature-com-63	20	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	20	4	since	since	IN
www-nature-com-63	20	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	20	6	SD	sd	NN
www-nature-com-63	20	7	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	20	8	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	20	9	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	20	10	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	20	11	focused	focus	VBN
www-nature-com-63	20	12	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	20	13	disequilibrium	disequilibrium	NN
www-nature-com-63	20	14	dynamics	dynamic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	20	15	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	20	16	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	20	17	complex	complex	JJ
www-nature-com-63	20	18	system9,10	system9,10	NNP
www-nature-com-63	20	19	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	20	20	intended	intend	VBN
www-nature-com-63	20	21	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	20	22	can	can	MD
www-nature-com-63	20	23	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	20	24	adjusted	adjust	VBN
www-nature-com-63	20	25	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	20	26	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	20	27	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	20	28	effectiveness	effectiveness	NN
www-nature-com-63	20	29	evaluation	evaluation	NN
www-nature-com-63	20	30	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	21	1	Conse-	Conse-	NNP
www-nature-com-63	21	2	quently	quently	RB
www-nature-com-63	21	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	21	4	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	21	5	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	21	6	system	system	NN
www-nature-com-63	21	7	dynamics	dynamic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	21	8	modeling	modeling	NN
www-nature-com-63	21	9	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	21	10	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	21	11	develop	develop	VBP
www-nature-com-63	21	12	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	21	13	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	21	14	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	21	15	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	21	16	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	21	17	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	21	18	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	21	19	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	21	20	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	21	21	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	21	22	assess	assess	VB
www-nature-com-63	21	23	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	21	24	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	21	25	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	21	26	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	21	27	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	21	28	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	21	29	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	21	30	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	21	31	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	21	32	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	21	33	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	21	34	under	under	IN
www-nature-com-63	21	35	different	different	JJ
www-nature-com-63	21	36	scenarios	scenario	NNS
www-nature-com-63	21	37	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	22	1	This	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	22	2	paper	paper	NN
www-nature-com-63	22	3	uses	use	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	22	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	22	5	theory	theory	NN
www-nature-com-63	22	6	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	22	7	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	22	8	footprint	footprint	NN
www-nature-com-63	22	9	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	22	10	create	create	VB
www-nature-com-63	22	11	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	22	12	theoretical	theoretical	JJ
www-nature-com-63	22	13	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	22	14	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	22	15	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	22	16	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	22	17	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	22	18	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	22	19	assessment	assessment	NN
www-nature-com-63	22	20	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	22	21	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	22	22	evaluation11,12	evaluation11,12	NNP
www-nature-com-63	22	23	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	23	1	First	first	RB
www-nature-com-63	23	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	23	3	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	23	4	establish	establish	VBP
www-nature-com-63	23	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	23	6	system	system	NN
www-nature-com-63	23	7	boundary	boundary	JJ
www-nature-com-63	23	8	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	23	9	feedback	feedback	VB
www-nature-com-63	23	10	loops	loop	NNS
www-nature-com-63	23	11	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	23	12	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	23	13	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	23	14	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	23	15	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	23	16	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	23	17	system	system	NN
www-nature-com-63	23	18	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	23	19	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	23	20	serve	serve	VBP
www-nature-com-63	23	21	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	23	22	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	23	23	theoretical	theoretical	JJ
www-nature-com-63	23	24	framework	framework	NN
www-nature-com-63	23	25	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	23	26	investigate	investigate	VB
www-nature-com-63	23	27	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	23	28	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	23	29	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	23	30	mechanism	mechanism	NN
www-nature-com-63	23	31	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	23	32	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	23	33	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	23	34	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	23	35	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	24	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	24	2	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	24	3	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	24	4	consists	consist	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	24	5	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	24	6	three	three	CD
www-nature-com-63	24	7	interacting	interact	VBG
www-nature-com-63	24	8	sub-	sub-	JJ
www-nature-com-63	24	9	systems	system	NNS
www-nature-com-63	24	10	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	24	11	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	24	12	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	24	13	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	24	14	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	24	15	transaction	transaction	NN
www-nature-com-63	24	16	subsystem	subsystem	NNP
www-nature-com-63	24	17	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	24	18	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	24	19	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	24	20	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	24	21	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	24	22	subsystem	subsystem	NN
www-nature-com-63	24	23	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	24	24	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	24	25	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	24	26	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	24	27	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	24	28	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	24	29	subsystem	subsystem	NN
www-nature-com-63	24	30	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	25	1	Specifically	specifically	RB
www-nature-com-63	25	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	25	3	transactions	transaction	NNS
www-nature-com-63	25	4	packaged	package	VBN
www-nature-com-63	25	5	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	25	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	25	7	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	25	8	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	25	9	confirmed	confirm	VBN
www-nature-com-63	25	10	when	when	WRB
www-nature-com-63	25	11	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	25	12	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	25	13	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	25	14	formally	formally	RB
www-nature-com-63	25	15	broadcasted	broadcast	VBN
www-nature-com-63	25	16	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	25	17	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	25	18	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	25	19	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	25	20	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	26	1	To	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	26	2	increase	increase	VB
www-nature-com-63	26	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	26	4	probability	probability	NN
www-nature-com-63	26	5	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	26	6	mining	mine	VBG
www-nature-com-63	26	7	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	26	8	new	new	JJ
www-nature-com-63	26	9	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	26	10	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	26	11	getting	get	VBG
www-nature-com-63	26	12	rewarded	reward	VBN
www-nature-com-63	26	13	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	26	14	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	26	15	hardware	hardware	NN
www-nature-com-63	26	16	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	26	17	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	26	18	updated	update	VBN
www-nature-com-63	26	19	continuously	continuously	RB
www-nature-com-63	26	20	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	26	21	invested	invest	VBN
www-nature-com-63	26	22	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	26	23	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	26	24	partici-	partici-	NN
www-nature-com-63	26	25	pants	pant	NNS
www-nature-com-63	26	26	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	26	27	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	26	28	higher	high	JJR
www-nature-com-63	26	29	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	26	30	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	26	31	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	26	32	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	26	33	would	would	MD
www-nature-com-63	26	34	cause	cause	VB
www-nature-com-63	26	35	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	26	36	overall	overall	JJ
www-nature-com-63	26	37	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	26	38	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	26	39	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	26	40	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	26	41	whole	whole	JJ
www-nature-com-63	26	42	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	26	43	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	26	44	rise	rise	VB
www-nature-com-63	26	45	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	27	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	27	2	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	27	3	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	27	4	power	power	NN
www-nature-com-63	27	5	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	27	6	determined	determine	VBN
www-nature-com-63	27	7	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	27	8	two	two	CD
www-nature-com-63	27	9	factors	factor	NNS
www-nature-com-63	27	10	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	27	11	first	first	RB
www-nature-com-63	27	12	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	27	13	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	27	14	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	27	15	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	27	16	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	27	17	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	27	18	hashes	hash	NNS
www-nature-com-63	27	19	computed	compute	VBN
www-nature-com-63	27	20	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	27	21	second	second	NN
www-nature-com-63	27	22	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	27	23	positively	positively	RB
www-nature-com-63	27	24	accounts	account	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	27	25	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	27	26	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	27	27	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	27	28	power	power	NN
www-nature-com-63	27	29	increase	increase	NN
www-nature-com-63	27	30	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	27	31	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	27	32	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	27	33	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	27	34	when	when	WRB
www-nature-com-63	27	35	high	high	JJ
www-nature-com-63	27	36	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	27	37	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	27	38	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	27	39	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	27	40	mining	mine	VBG
www-nature-com-63	27	41	;	;	:
www-nature-com-63	27	42	second	second	JJ
www-nature-com-63	27	43	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	27	44	power	power	NN
www-nature-com-63	27	45	usage	usage	NN
www-nature-com-63	27	46	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	27	47	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	27	48	PUE	PUE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	27	49	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	27	50	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	27	51	introduced	introduce	VBN
www-nature-com-63	27	52	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	27	53	illustrate	illustrate	VB
www-nature-com-63	27	54	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	27	55	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	27	56	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	27	57	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	27	58	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	27	59	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	27	60	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	27	61	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	27	62	suggested	suggest	VBN
www-nature-com-63	27	63	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	27	64	Stoll13	Stoll13	NNP
www-nature-com-63	27	65	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	28	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	28	2	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	28	3	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	28	4	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	28	5	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	28	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	28	7	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	28	8	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	28	9	process	process	NN
www-nature-com-63	28	10	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	28	11	determined	determine	VBN
www-nature-com-63	28	12	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	28	13	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	28	14	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	28	15	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	28	16	consump-	consump-	NNP
www-nature-com-63	28	17	tion	tion	NN
www-nature-com-63	28	18	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	28	19	average	average	JJ
www-nature-com-63	28	20	electricity	electricity	NN
www-nature-com-63	28	21	price	price	NN
www-nature-com-63	28	22	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	28	23	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	28	24	further	further	RB
www-nature-com-63	28	25	influences	influence	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	28	26	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	28	27	dynamic	dynamic	JJ
www-nature-com-63	28	28	behavior	behavior	NN
www-nature-com-63	28	29	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	28	30	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	28	31	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	28	32	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	29	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	29	2	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	29	3	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	29	4	collects	collect	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	29	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	29	6	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	29	7	footprint	footprint	NN
www-nature-com-63	29	8	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	29	9	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	29	10	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	29	11	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	29	12	both	both	CC
www-nature-com-63	29	13	coal	coal	NN
www-nature-com-63	29	14	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	29	15	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	29	16	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	29	17	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	29	18	hydro	hydro	NNP
www-nature-com-63	29	19	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	29	20	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	29	21	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	29	22	regions	region	NNS
www-nature-com-63	29	23	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	29	24	formulate	formulate	VB
www-nature-com-63	29	25	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	29	26	overall	overall	JJ
www-nature-com-63	29	27	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	29	28	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	29	29	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	29	30	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	29	31	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	29	32	whole	whole	JJ
www-nature-com-63	29	33	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	29	34	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	29	35	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	29	36	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	29	37	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	30	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	30	2	level	level	NN
www-nature-com-63	30	3	variable	variable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	30	4	GDP	GDP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	30	5	consists	consist	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	30	6	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	30	7	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	30	8	miner	miner	NN
www-nature-com-63	30	9	’s	’s	POS
www-nature-com-63	30	10	profit	profit	NN
www-nature-com-63	30	11	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	30	12	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	30	13	total	total	JJ
www-nature-com-63	30	14	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	30	15	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	30	16	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	30	17	reflects	reflect	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	30	18	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	30	19	accumulated	accumulated	JJ
www-nature-com-63	30	20	productivity	productivity	NN
www-nature-com-63	30	21	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	30	22	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	30	23	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	30	24	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	30	25	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	31	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	31	2	also	also	RB
www-nature-com-63	31	3	serves	serve	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	31	4	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	31	5	an	an	DT
www-nature-com-63	31	6	auxiliary	auxiliary	JJ
www-nature-com-63	31	7	factor	factor	NN
www-nature-com-63	31	8	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	31	9	generate	generate	VB
www-nature-com-63	31	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	31	11	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	31	12	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	31	13	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	31	14	GDP	GDP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	31	15	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	31	16	our	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	31	17	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	31	18	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	31	19	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	31	20	provides	provide	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	31	21	guidance	guidance	NN
www-nature-com-63	31	22	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	31	23	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	31	24	makers	maker	NNS
www-nature-com-63	31	25	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	31	26	implementing	implement	VBG
www-nature-com-63	31	27	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	31	28	punitive	punitive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	31	29	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	31	30	taxation	taxation	NN
www-nature-com-63	31	31	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	31	32	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	31	33	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	31	34	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	31	35	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	31	36	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	32	1	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	32	2	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	32	3	reward	reward	NN
www-nature-com-63	32	4	halving	halving	NN
www-nature-com-63	32	5	occurs	occur	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	32	6	every	every	DT
www-nature-com-63	32	7	four	four	CD
www-nature-com-63	32	8	years	year	NNS
www-nature-com-63	32	9	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	32	10	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	32	11	means	mean	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	32	12	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	32	13	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	32	14	reward	reward	NN
www-nature-com-63	32	15	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	32	16	broadcasting	broadcast	VBG
www-nature-com-63	32	17	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	32	18	new	new	JJ
www-nature-com-63	32	19	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	32	20	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	32	21	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	32	22	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	32	23	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	32	24	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	32	25	zero	zero	CD
www-nature-com-63	32	26	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	32	27	2140	2140	CD
www-nature-com-63	32	28	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	33	1	As	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	33	2	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	33	3	result	result	NN
www-nature-com-63	33	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	33	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	33	6	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	33	7	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	33	8	price	price	NN
www-nature-com-63	33	9	increases	increase	NNS
www-nature-com-63	33	10	periodically	periodically	RB
www-nature-com-63	33	11	due	due	JJ
www-nature-com-63	33	12	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	33	13	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	33	14	halving	halve	VBG
www-nature-com-63	33	15	mechanism	mechanism	NN
www-nature-com-63	33	16	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	33	17	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	33	18	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	33	19	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	34	1	Finally	finally	RB
www-nature-com-63	34	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	34	3	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	34	4	combining	combine	VBG
www-nature-com-63	34	5	both	both	DT
www-nature-com-63	34	6	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	34	7	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	34	8	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	34	9	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	34	10	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	34	11	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	34	12	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	34	13	total	total	JJ
www-nature-com-63	34	14	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	34	15	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	34	16	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	34	17	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	34	18	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	34	19	process	process	NN
www-nature-com-63	34	20	provides	provide	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	34	21	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	34	22	negative	negative	JJ
www-nature-com-63	34	23	feedback	feedback	NN
www-nature-com-63	34	24	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	34	25	miner	miner	NN
www-nature-com-63	34	26	’s	’s	POS
www-nature-com-63	34	27	profit	profit	NN
www-nature-com-63	34	28	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	34	29	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	34	30	their	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	34	31	investment	investment	NN
www-nature-com-63	34	32	strategies	strategy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	34	33	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	35	1	Miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	35	2	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	35	3	gradually	gradually	RB
www-nature-com-63	35	4	stop	stop	VB
www-nature-com-63	35	5	mining	mine	VBG
www-nature-com-63	35	6	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	35	7	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	35	8	or	or	CC
www-nature-com-63	35	9	relocate	relocate	VB
www-nature-com-63	35	10	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	35	11	elsewhere	elsewhere	RB
www-nature-com-63	35	12	when	when	WRB
www-nature-com-63	35	13	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	35	14	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	35	15	profit	profit	NN
www-nature-com-63	35	16	turns	turn	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	35	17	negative	negative	JJ
www-nature-com-63	35	18	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	35	19	our	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	35	20	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	35	21	simulation	simulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	35	22	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	36	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	36	2	comprehensive	comprehensive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	36	3	theoretical	theoretical	JJ
www-nature-com-63	36	4	relationship	relationship	NN
www-nature-com-63	36	5	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	36	6	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	36	7	parameters	parameter	NNS
www-nature-com-63	36	8	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	36	9	demonstrated	demonstrate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	36	10	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	36	11	Supplementary	Supplementary	NNP
www-nature-com-63	36	12	Fig	Fig	NNP
www-nature-com-63	36	13	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	37	1	1	1	LS
www-nature-com-63	37	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	38	1	We	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	38	2	find	find	VBP
www-nature-com-63	38	3	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	38	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	38	5	annualized	annualize	VBN
www-nature-com-63	38	6	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	38	7	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	38	8	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	38	9	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	38	10	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	38	11	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	38	12	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	38	13	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	38	14	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	38	15	peak	peak	VB
www-nature-com-63	38	16	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	38	17	2024	2024	CD
www-nature-com-63	38	18	at	at	IN
www-nature-com-63	38	19	296.59	296.59	CD
www-nature-com-63	38	20	Twh	Twh	NNP
www-nature-com-63	38	21	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	38	22	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	38	23	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	38	24	Benchmark	benchmark	JJ
www-nature-com-63	38	25	simulation	simulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	38	26	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	38	27	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	38	28	modeling	modeling	NN
www-nature-com-63	38	29	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	39	1	This	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	39	2	exceeds	exceed	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	39	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	39	4	total	total	JJ
www-nature-com-63	39	5	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	39	6	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	39	7	level	level	NN
www-nature-com-63	39	8	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	39	9	Italy	Italy	NNP
www-nature-com-63	39	10	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	39	11	Saudi	Saudi	NNP
www-nature-com-63	39	12	Arabia	Arabia	NNP
www-nature-com-63	39	13	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	39	14	ranks	rank	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	39	15	12th	12th	RB
www-nature-com-63	39	16	among	among	IN
www-nature-com-63	39	17	all	all	DT
www-nature-com-63	39	18	countries	country	NNS
www-nature-com-63	39	19	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	39	20	2016	2016	CD
www-nature-com-63	39	21	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	40	1	Correspondingly	correspondingly	RB
www-nature-com-63	40	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	40	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	40	4	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	40	5	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	40	6	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	40	7	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	40	8	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	40	9	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	40	10	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	40	11	would	would	MD
www-nature-com-63	40	12	peak	peak	VB
www-nature-com-63	40	13	at	at	IN
www-nature-com-63	40	14	130.50	130.50	CD
www-nature-com-63	40	15	million	million	CD
www-nature-com-63	40	16	metric	metric	JJ
www-nature-com-63	40	17	tons	ton	NNS
www-nature-com-63	40	18	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	40	19	year	year	NN
www-nature-com-63	40	20	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	40	21	2024	2024	CD
www-nature-com-63	40	22	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	41	1	Internationally	internationally	RB
www-nature-com-63	41	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	41	3	this	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	41	4	emis-	emis-	JJ
www-nature-com-63	41	5	sion	sion	NN
www-nature-com-63	41	6	output	output	NN
www-nature-com-63	41	7	surpasses	surpass	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	41	8	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	41	9	total	total	JJ
www-nature-com-63	41	10	greenhouse	greenhouse	NN
www-nature-com-63	41	11	gas	gas	NN
www-nature-com-63	41	12	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	41	13	output	output	NN
www-nature-com-63	41	14	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	41	15	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	41	16	Czech	Czech	NNP
www-nature-com-63	41	17	Republic	Republic	NNP
www-nature-com-63	41	18	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	41	19	Qatar	Qatar	NNP
www-nature-com-63	41	20	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	41	21	2016	2016	CD
www-nature-com-63	41	22	reported	report	VBN
www-nature-com-63	41	23	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	41	24	cia.gov	cia.gov	NNS
www-nature-com-63	41	25	under	under	IN
www-nature-com-63	41	26	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	41	27	Benchmark	benchmark	JJ
www-nature-com-63	41	28	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	41	29	without	without	IN
www-nature-com-63	41	30	any	any	DT
www-nature-com-63	41	31	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	41	32	intervention	intervention	NN
www-nature-com-63	41	33	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	42	1	Domestically	domestically	RB
www-nature-com-63	42	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	42	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	42	4	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	42	5	output	output	NN
www-nature-com-63	42	6	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	42	7	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	42	8	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	42	9	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	42	10	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	42	11	would	would	MD
www-nature-com-63	42	12	rank	rank	VB
www-nature-com-63	42	13	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	42	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	42	15	top	top	JJ
www-nature-com-63	42	16	10	10	CD
www-nature-com-63	42	17	among	among	IN
www-nature-com-63	42	18	182	182	CD
www-nature-com-63	42	19	prefecture	prefecture	NN
www-nature-com-63	42	20	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	42	21	level	level	NN
www-nature-com-63	42	22	cities	city	NNS
www-nature-com-63	42	23	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	42	24	42	42	CD
www-nature-com-63	42	25	major	major	JJ
www-nature-com-63	42	26	industrial	industrial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	42	27	sectors	sector	NNS
www-nature-com-63	42	28	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	42	29	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	42	30	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	42	31	accounting	account	VBG
www-nature-com-63	42	32	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	42	33	approximately	approximately	RB
www-nature-com-63	42	34	5.41	5.41	CD
www-nature-com-63	42	35	%	%	NN
www-nature-com-63	42	36	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	42	37	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	42	38	emissions	emission	NNS
www-nature-com-63	42	39	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	42	40	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	42	41	electricity	electricity	NN
www-nature-com-63	42	42	generation	generation	NN
www-nature-com-63	42	43	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	42	44	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	42	45	according	accord	VBG
www-nature-com-63	42	46	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	42	47	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	42	48	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	42	49	Emission	Emission	NNP
www-nature-com-63	42	50	Accounts	Accounts	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	42	51	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	42	52	Datasets	Datasets	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	42	53	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	42	54	www	www	NNP
www-nature-com-63	42	55	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	43	1	ceads.net	ceads.net	LS
www-nature-com-63	43	2	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	43	3	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	44	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	44	2	addition	addition	NN
www-nature-com-63	44	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	44	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	44	5	maximized	maximize	VBN
www-nature-com-63	44	6	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	44	7	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	44	8	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	44	9	GDP	GDP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	44	10	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	44	11	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	44	12	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	44	13	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	44	14	would	would	MD
www-nature-com-63	44	15	reach	reach	VB
www-nature-com-63	44	16	10.77	10.77	CD
www-nature-com-63	44	17	kg	kg	NNS
www-nature-com-63	44	18	/	/	SYM
www-nature-com-63	44	19	USD	usd	NN
www-nature-com-63	44	20	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	44	21	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	44	22	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	44	23	modeling	modeling	NN
www-nature-com-63	44	24	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	45	1	Through	through	IN
www-nature-com-63	45	2	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	45	3	analysis	analysis	NN
www-nature-com-63	45	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	45	5	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	45	6	find	find	VBP
www-nature-com-63	45	7	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	45	8	some	some	DT
www-nature-com-63	45	9	com-	com-	NN
www-nature-com-63	45	10	monly	monly	RB
www-nature-com-63	45	11	implemented	implement	VBD
www-nature-com-63	45	12	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	45	13	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	45	14	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	45	15	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	45	16	such	such	JJ
www-nature-com-63	45	17	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	45	18	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	45	19	taxation	taxation	NN
www-nature-com-63	45	20	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	45	21	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	45	22	relatively	relatively	RB
www-nature-com-63	45	23	ineffective	ineffective	JJ
www-nature-com-63	45	24	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	45	25	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	45	26	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	45	27	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	45	28	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	46	1	On	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	46	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	46	3	contrary	contrary	JJ
www-nature-com-63	46	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	46	5	site	site	NN
www-nature-com-63	46	6	regulation	regulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	46	7	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	46	8	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	46	9	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	46	10	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	46	11	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	46	12	induce	induce	VBP
www-nature-com-63	46	13	changes	change	NNS
www-nature-com-63	46	14	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	46	15	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	46	16	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	46	17	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	46	18	structure	structure	NN
www-nature-com-63	46	19	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	46	20	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	46	21	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	46	22	activities	activity	NNS
www-nature-com-63	46	23	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	46	24	able	able	JJ
www-nature-com-63	46	25	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	46	26	provide	provide	VB
www-nature-com-63	46	27	effective	effective	JJ
www-nature-com-63	46	28	negative	negative	JJ
www-nature-com-63	46	29	feedbacks	feedback	NNS
www-nature-com-63	46	30	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	46	31	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	46	32	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	46	33	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	46	34	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	46	35	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	46	36	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	46	37	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	46	38	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	47	1	Results	result	NNS
www-nature-com-63	47	2	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	47	3	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	47	4	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	47	5	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	47	6	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	47	7	problem	problem	NN
www-nature-com-63	47	8	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	47	9	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	47	10	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	47	11	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	47	12	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	47	13	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	48	1	Although	although	IN
www-nature-com-63	48	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	48	3	Proof	Proof	NNP
www-nature-com-63	48	4	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	48	5	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	48	6	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	48	7	Work	work	NN
www-nature-com-63	48	8	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	48	9	PoW	PoW	NNP
www-nature-com-63	48	10	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	48	11	consensus	consensus	NN
www-nature-com-63	48	12	algorithm	algorithm	NNP
www-nature-com-63	48	13	has	have	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	48	14	enabled	enable	VBN
www-nature-com-63	48	15	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	48	16	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	48	17	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	48	18	operate	operate	VB
www-nature-com-63	48	19	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	48	20	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	48	21	relatively	relatively	RB
www-nature-com-63	48	22	stable	stable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	48	23	manner	manner	NN
www-nature-com-63	48	24	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	48	25	several	several	JJ
www-nature-com-63	48	26	unexpected	unexpected	JJ
www-nature-com-63	48	27	behaviors	behavior	NNS
www-nature-com-63	48	28	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	48	29	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	48	30	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	48	31	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	48	32	have	have	VBP
www-nature-com-63	48	33	been	be	VBN
www-nature-com-63	48	34	detected	detect	VBN
www-nature-com-63	48	35	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	48	36	first	first	RB
www-nature-com-63	48	37	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	48	38	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	48	39	attractive	attractive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	48	40	financial	financial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	48	41	incentive	incentive	NN
www-nature-com-63	48	42	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	48	43	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	48	44	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	48	45	has	have	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	48	46	caused	cause	VBN
www-nature-com-63	48	47	an	an	DT
www-nature-com-63	48	48	arms	arm	NNS
www-nature-com-63	48	49	race	race	NN
www-nature-com-63	48	50	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	48	51	dedicated	dedicated	JJ
www-nature-com-63	48	52	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	48	53	hardware14	hardware14	NNS
www-nature-com-63	48	54	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	49	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	49	2	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	49	3	hardware	hardware	NN
www-nature-com-63	49	4	has	have	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	49	5	evolved	evolve	VBN
www-nature-com-63	49	6	through	through	IN
www-nature-com-63	49	7	several	several	JJ
www-nature-com-63	49	8	generations	generation	NNS
www-nature-com-63	49	9	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	50	1	Initially	initially	RB
www-nature-com-63	50	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	50	3	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	50	4	used	use	VBD
www-nature-com-63	50	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	50	6	basic	basic	JJ
www-nature-com-63	50	7	Central	Central	NNP
www-nature-com-63	50	8	Processing	Processing	NNP
www-nature-com-63	50	9	Unit	Unit	NNP
www-nature-com-63	50	10	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	50	11	CPU	CPU	NNP
www-nature-com-63	50	12	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	50	13	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	50	14	general	general	JJ
www-nature-com-63	50	15	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	50	16	purpose	purpose	NN
www-nature-com-63	50	17	computers	computer	NNS
www-nature-com-63	50	18	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	51	1	Then	then	RB
www-nature-com-63	51	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	51	3	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	51	4	shift	shift	NN
www-nature-com-63	51	5	was	be	VBD
www-nature-com-63	51	6	made	make	VBN
www-nature-com-63	51	7	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	51	8	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	51	9	Graphic	Graphic	NNP
www-nature-com-63	51	10	Processing	Processing	NNP
www-nature-com-63	51	11	Unit	Unit	NNP
www-nature-com-63	51	12	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	51	13	GPU	GPU	NNP
www-nature-com-63	51	14	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	51	15	that	that	WDT
www-nature-com-63	51	16	offered	offer	VBD
www-nature-com-63	51	17	more	more	JJR
www-nature-com-63	51	18	power	power	NN
www-nature-com-63	51	19	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	51	20	higher	high	JJR
www-nature-com-63	51	21	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	51	22	rates	rate	NNS
www-nature-com-63	51	23	than	than	IN
www-nature-com-63	51	24	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	51	25	CPU	CPU	NNP
www-nature-com-63	51	26	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	52	1	Finally	finally	RB
www-nature-com-63	52	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	52	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	52	4	Application	Application	NNP
www-nature-com-63	52	5	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	52	6	Specific	Specific	NNP
www-nature-com-63	52	7	Integrated	Integrated	NNP
www-nature-com-63	52	8	Circuits	circuit	NNS
www-nature-com-63	52	9	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	52	10	ASICs	ASICs	NNP
www-nature-com-63	52	11	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	52	12	that	that	WDT
www-nature-com-63	52	13	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	52	14	optimized	optimize	VBN
www-nature-com-63	52	15	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	52	16	perform	perform	VB
www-nature-com-63	52	17	hashing	hash	VBG
www-nature-com-63	52	18	calcula-	calcula-	JJ
www-nature-com-63	52	19	tions	tion	NNS
www-nature-com-63	52	20	were	be	VBD
www-nature-com-63	52	21	introduced	introduce	VBN
www-nature-com-63	52	22	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	53	1	Nevertheless	nevertheless	RB
www-nature-com-63	53	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	53	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	53	4	rapid	rapid	JJ
www-nature-com-63	53	5	hardware	hardware	NN
www-nature-com-63	53	6	develop-	develop-	NNP
www-nature-com-63	53	7	ment	ment	JJ
www-nature-com-63	53	8	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	53	9	fierce	fierce	JJ
www-nature-com-63	53	10	competition	competition	NN
www-nature-com-63	53	11	have	have	VBP
www-nature-com-63	53	12	significantly	significantly	RB
www-nature-com-63	53	13	increased	increase	VBN
www-nature-com-63	53	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	53	15	capital	capital	NN
www-nature-com-63	53	16	expenditure	expenditure	NN
www-nature-com-63	53	17	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	53	18	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	53	19	mining15	mining15	NNP
www-nature-com-63	53	20	;	;	:
www-nature-com-63	53	21	second	second	LS
www-nature-com-63	53	22	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	53	23	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	53	24	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	53	25	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	53	26	activity	activity	NN
www-nature-com-63	53	27	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	53	28	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	53	29	constant	constant	RB
www-nature-com-63	53	30	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	53	31	running	run	VBG
www-nature-com-63	53	32	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	53	33	hardware	hardware	NN
www-nature-com-63	53	34	has	have	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	53	35	led	lead	VBN
www-nature-com-63	53	36	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	53	37	large	large	JJ
www-nature-com-63	53	38	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	53	39	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	53	40	volume	volume	NN
www-nature-com-63	53	41	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	54	1	Previous	previous	JJ
www-nature-com-63	54	2	literature	literature	NN
www-nature-com-63	54	3	has	have	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	54	4	estimated	estimate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	54	5	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	54	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	54	7	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	54	8	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	54	9	could	could	MD
www-nature-com-63	54	10	consume	consume	VB
www-nature-com-63	54	11	as	as	RB
www-nature-com-63	54	12	much	much	JJ
www-nature-com-63	54	13	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	54	14	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	54	15	year	year	NN
www-nature-com-63	54	16	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	54	17	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	54	18	small	small	JJ
www-nature-com-63	54	19	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	54	20	medium	medium	JJ
www-nature-com-63	54	21	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	54	22	sized	sized	JJ
www-nature-com-63	54	23	country	country	NN
www-nature-com-63	54	24	such	such	JJ
www-nature-com-63	54	25	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	54	26	Denmark	Denmark	NNP
www-nature-com-63	54	27	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	54	28	Ireland	Ireland	NNP
www-nature-com-63	54	29	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	54	30	or	or	CC
www-nature-com-63	54	31	Bangladesh16	Bangladesh16	NNP
www-nature-com-63	54	32	;	;	:
www-nature-com-63	54	33	finally	finally	RB
www-nature-com-63	54	34	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	54	35	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	54	36	large	large	JJ
www-nature-com-63	54	37	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	54	38	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	54	39	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	54	40	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	54	41	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	54	42	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	54	43	has	have	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	54	44	created	create	VBN
www-nature-com-63	54	45	considerable	considerable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	54	46	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	54	47	emissions	emission	NNS
www-nature-com-63	54	48	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	54	49	see	see	VB
www-nature-com-63	54	50	Sup-	Sup-	NNP
www-nature-com-63	54	51	plementary	plementary	NN
www-nature-com-63	54	52	Fig	Fig	NNP
www-nature-com-63	54	53	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	55	1	2	2	CD
www-nature-com-63	55	2	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	55	3	details	detail	NNS
www-nature-com-63	55	4	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	55	5	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	56	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	56	2	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	56	3	estimated	estimate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	56	4	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	56	5	between	between	IN
www-nature-com-63	56	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	56	7	period	period	NN
www-nature-com-63	56	8	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	56	9	January	January	NNP
www-nature-com-63	56	10	1st	1st	NN
www-nature-com-63	56	11	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	56	12	2016	2016	CD
www-nature-com-63	56	13	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	56	14	June	June	NNP
www-nature-com-63	56	15	30th	30th	NN
www-nature-com-63	56	16	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	56	17	2018	2018	CD
www-nature-com-63	56	18	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	56	19	up	up	IN
www-nature-com-63	56	20	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	56	21	13	13	CD
www-nature-com-63	56	22	million	million	CD
www-nature-com-63	56	23	metric	metric	JJ
www-nature-com-63	56	24	tons	ton	NNS
www-nature-com-63	56	25	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	56	26	CO2	CO2	NNP
www-nature-com-63	56	27	emissions	emission	NNS
www-nature-com-63	56	28	can	can	MD
www-nature-com-63	56	29	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	56	30	attributed	attribute	VBN
www-nature-com-63	56	31	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	56	32	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	56	33	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	56	34	blockchain17	blockchain17	NNP
www-nature-com-63	56	35	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	57	1	Although	although	IN
www-nature-com-63	57	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	57	3	estimate	estimate	NN
www-nature-com-63	57	4	ranges	range	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	57	5	vary	vary	VBP
www-nature-com-63	57	6	considerably	considerably	RB
www-nature-com-63	57	7	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	57	8	they	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	57	9	have	have	VBP
www-nature-com-63	57	10	indicated	indicate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	57	11	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	57	12	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	57	13	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	57	14	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	57	15	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	57	16	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	57	17	its	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	57	18	corresponding	correspond	VBG
www-nature-com-63	57	19	environmental	environmental	JJ
www-nature-com-63	57	20	impacts	impact	NNS
www-nature-com-63	57	21	have	have	VBP
www-nature-com-63	57	22	become	become	VBN
www-nature-com-63	57	23	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	57	24	non	non	JJ
www-nature-com-63	57	25	-	-	JJ
www-nature-com-63	57	26	negligible	negligible	JJ
www-nature-com-63	57	27	issue	issue	NN
www-nature-com-63	57	28	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	58	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	58	2	growing	grow	VBG
www-nature-com-63	58	3	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	58	4	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	58	5	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	58	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	58	7	environmental	environmental	JJ
www-nature-com-63	58	8	impacts	impact	NNS
www-nature-com-63	58	9	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	58	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	58	11	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	58	12	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	58	13	have	have	VBP
www-nature-com-63	58	14	posed	pose	VBN
www-nature-com-63	58	15	problems	problem	NNS
www-nature-com-63	58	16	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	58	17	many	many	JJ
www-nature-com-63	58	18	ARTICLE	ARTICLE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	58	19	NATURE	NATURE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	58	20	COMMUNICATIONS	communication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	58	21	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	58	22	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	58	23	2	2	CD
www-nature-com-63	58	24	NATURE	NATURE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	58	25	COMMUNICATIONS	communication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	58	26	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	58	27	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	58	28	2021	2021	CD
www-nature-com-63	58	29	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	58	30	12:1938	12:1938	CD
www-nature-com-63	58	31	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	58	32	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	58	33	|	|	NNS
www-nature-com-63	58	34	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	58	35	http://www.ceads.net	http://www.ceads.net	ADD
www-nature-com-63	58	36	http://www.ceads.net	http://www.ceads.net	NNP
www-nature-com-63	58	37	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	58	38	countries	country	NNS
www-nature-com-63	58	39	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	58	40	especially	especially	RB
www-nature-com-63	58	41	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	58	42	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	58	43	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	59	1	Due	due	IN
www-nature-com-63	59	2	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	59	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	59	4	proximity	proximity	NN
www-nature-com-63	59	5	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	59	6	manufacturers	manufacturer	NNS
www-nature-com-63	59	7	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	59	8	specialized	specialized	JJ
www-nature-com-63	59	9	hardware	hardware	NN
www-nature-com-63	59	10	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	59	11	access	access	NN
www-nature-com-63	59	12	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	59	13	cheap	cheap	JJ
www-nature-com-63	59	14	electricity	electricity	NN
www-nature-com-63	59	15	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	59	16	majority	majority	NN
www-nature-com-63	59	17	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	59	18	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	59	19	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	59	20	process	process	NN
www-nature-com-63	59	21	has	have	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	59	22	been	be	VBN
www-nature-com-63	59	23	conducted	conduct	VBN
www-nature-com-63	59	24	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	59	25	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	59	26	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	59	27	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	59	28	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	59	29	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	59	30	country	country	NN
www-nature-com-63	59	31	account	account	VBP
www-nature-com-63	59	32	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	59	33	more	more	JJR
www-nature-com-63	59	34	than	than	IN
www-nature-com-63	59	35	75	75	CD
www-nature-com-63	59	36	%	%	NN
www-nature-com-63	59	37	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	59	38	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	59	39	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	59	40	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	59	41	’s	’s	POS
www-nature-com-63	59	42	hashing	hash	VBG
www-nature-com-63	59	43	power	power	NN
www-nature-com-63	59	44	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	59	45	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	59	46	shown	show	VBN
www-nature-com-63	59	47	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	59	48	Fig	Fig	NNP
www-nature-com-63	59	49	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	60	1	1	1	LS
www-nature-com-63	60	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	61	1	As	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	61	2	one	one	CD
www-nature-com-63	61	3	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	61	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	61	5	largest	large	JJS
www-nature-com-63	61	6	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	61	7	consuming	consume	VBG
www-nature-com-63	61	8	countries	country	NNS
www-nature-com-63	61	9	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	61	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	61	11	planet	planet	NN
www-nature-com-63	61	12	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	61	13	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	61	14	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	61	15	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	61	16	key	key	JJ
www-nature-com-63	61	17	signatory	signatory	NN
www-nature-com-63	61	18	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	61	19	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	61	20	Paris	Paris	NNP
www-nature-com-63	61	21	Agreement18–20	Agreement18–20	NNP
www-nature-com-63	61	22	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	62	1	However	however	RB
www-nature-com-63	62	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	62	3	without	without	IN
www-nature-com-63	62	4	appropriate	appropriate	JJ
www-nature-com-63	62	5	interventions	intervention	NNS
www-nature-com-63	62	6	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	62	7	feasible	feasible	JJ
www-nature-com-63	62	8	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	62	9	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	62	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	62	11	intensive	intensive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	62	12	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	62	13	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	62	14	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	62	15	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	62	16	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	62	17	can	can	MD
www-nature-com-63	62	18	quickly	quickly	RB
www-nature-com-63	62	19	grow	grow	VB
www-nature-com-63	62	20	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	62	21	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	62	22	threat	threat	NN
www-nature-com-63	62	23	that	that	WDT
www-nature-com-63	62	24	could	could	MD
www-nature-com-63	62	25	potentially	potentially	RB
www-nature-com-63	62	26	undermine	undermine	VB
www-nature-com-63	62	27	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	62	28	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	62	29	reduction	reduction	NN
www-nature-com-63	62	30	effort	effort	NN
www-nature-com-63	62	31	taken	take	VBN
www-nature-com-63	62	32	place	place	NN
www-nature-com-63	62	33	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	62	34	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	62	35	country10	country10	NNP
www-nature-com-63	62	36	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	63	1	Suggested	suggest	VBN
www-nature-com-63	63	2	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	63	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	63	4	previous	previous	JJ
www-nature-com-63	63	5	work21	work21	NNP
www-nature-com-63	63	6	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	63	7	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	63	8	subsystems	subsystem	NNS
www-nature-com-63	63	9	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	63	10	our	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	63	11	proposed	propose	VBN
www-nature-com-63	63	12	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	63	13	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	63	14	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	63	15	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	63	16	consider	consider	VBP
www-nature-com-63	63	17	three	three	CD
www-nature-com-63	63	18	main	main	JJ
www-nature-com-63	63	19	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	63	20	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	63	21	conducted	conduct	VBN
www-nature-com-63	63	22	at	at	IN
www-nature-com-63	63	23	different	different	JJ
www-nature-com-63	63	24	stages	stage	NNS
www-nature-com-63	63	25	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	63	26	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	63	27	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	63	28	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	63	29	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	63	30	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	63	31	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	63	32	then	then	RB
www-nature-com-63	63	33	formulates	formulate	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	63	34	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	63	35	four	four	CD
www-nature-com-63	63	36	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	63	37	assessments	assessment	NNS
www-nature-com-63	63	38	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	63	39	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	63	40	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	63	41	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	63	42	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	63	43	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	63	44	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	63	45	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	63	46	Table	table	NN
www-nature-com-63	63	47	1	1	CD
www-nature-com-63	63	48	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	63	49	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	64	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	64	2	detail	detail	NN
www-nature-com-63	64	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	64	4	Benchmark	Benchmark	NNP
www-nature-com-63	64	5	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	64	6	BM	BM	NNP
www-nature-com-63	64	7	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	64	8	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	64	9	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	64	10	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	64	11	baseline	baseline	NN
www-nature-com-63	64	12	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	64	13	current	current	JJ
www-nature-com-63	64	14	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	64	15	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	64	16	each	each	DT
www-nature-com-63	64	17	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	64	18	factor	factor	NN
www-nature-com-63	64	19	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	64	20	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	64	21	suggests	suggest	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	64	22	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	64	23	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	64	24	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	64	25	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	64	26	continues	continue	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	64	27	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	64	28	operate	operate	VB
www-nature-com-63	64	29	under	under	IN
www-nature-com-63	64	30	minimal	minimal	JJ
www-nature-com-63	64	31	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	64	32	intervention	intervention	NN
www-nature-com-63	64	33	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	65	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	65	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	65	3	Benchmark	benchmark	JJ
www-nature-com-63	65	4	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	65	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	65	6	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	65	7	access	access	NN
www-nature-com-63	65	8	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	65	9	assumed	assume	VBN
www-nature-com-63	65	10	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	65	11	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	65	12	100	100	CD
www-nature-com-63	65	13	%	%	NN
www-nature-com-63	65	14	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	65	15	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	65	16	indicates	indicate	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	65	17	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	65	18	profitable	profitable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	65	19	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	65	20	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	65	21	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	65	22	all	all	DT
www-nature-com-63	65	23	efficiencies	efficiency	NNS
www-nature-com-63	65	24	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	65	25	allowed	allow	VBN
www-nature-com-63	65	26	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	65	27	operate	operate	VB
www-nature-com-63	65	28	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	65	29	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	65	30	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	66	1	As	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	66	2	suggested	suggest	VBN
www-nature-com-63	66	3	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	66	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	66	5	actual	actual	JJ
www-nature-com-63	66	6	regional	regional	JJ
www-nature-com-63	66	7	statistics	statistic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	66	8	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	66	9	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	66	10	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	66	11	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	66	12	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	66	13	assume	assume	VBP
www-nature-com-63	66	14	40	40	CD
www-nature-com-63	66	15	%	%	NN
www-nature-com-63	66	16	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	66	17	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	66	18	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	66	19	located	locate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	66	20	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	66	21	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	66	22	coal	coal	NN
www-nature-com-63	66	23	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	66	24	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	66	25	area	area	NN
www-nature-com-63	66	26	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	66	27	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	66	28	Benchmark	benchmark	JJ
www-nature-com-63	66	29	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	66	30	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	67	1	Moreover	moreover	RB
www-nature-com-63	67	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	67	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	67	4	punitive	punitive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	67	5	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	67	6	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	67	7	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	67	8	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	67	9	imposed	impose	VBN
www-nature-com-63	67	10	if	if	IN
www-nature-com-63	67	11	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	67	12	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	67	13	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	67	14	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	67	15	GDP	GDP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	67	16	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	67	17	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	67	18	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	67	19	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	67	20	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	67	21	greater	great	JJR
www-nature-com-63	67	22	than	than	IN
www-nature-com-63	67	23	2	2	CD
www-nature-com-63	67	24	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	68	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	68	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	68	3	other	other	JJ
www-nature-com-63	68	4	three	three	CD
www-nature-com-63	68	5	scenarios	scenario	NNS
www-nature-com-63	68	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	68	7	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	68	8	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	68	9	different	different	JJ
www-nature-com-63	68	10	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	68	11	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	68	12	procedures	procedure	NNS
www-nature-com-63	68	13	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	68	14	adjusted	adjust	VBN
www-nature-com-63	68	15	due	due	IN
www-nature-com-63	68	16	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	68	17	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	68	18	saving	saving	NN
www-nature-com-63	68	19	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	68	20	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	68	21	reduction	reduction	NN
www-nature-com-63	68	22	concerns	concern	NNS
www-nature-com-63	68	23	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	69	1	Specifically	specifically	RB
www-nature-com-63	69	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	69	3	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	69	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	69	5	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	69	6	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	69	7	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	69	8	transaction	transaction	NN
www-nature-com-63	69	9	subsystem	subsystem	NN
www-nature-com-63	69	10	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	69	11	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	69	12	access	access	NN
www-nature-com-63	69	13	standard	standard	NN
www-nature-com-63	69	14	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	69	15	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	69	16	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	69	17	doubled	double	VBN
www-nature-com-63	69	18	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	69	19	i.e.	i.e.	FW
www-nature-com-63	69	20	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	69	21	profitable	profitable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	69	22	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	69	23	with	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	69	24	low	low	JJ
www-nature-com-63	69	25	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	69	26	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	69	27	forbidden	forbid	VBN
www-nature-com-63	69	28	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	69	29	enter	enter	VB
www-nature-com-63	69	30	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	69	31	Chinese	chinese	JJ
www-nature-com-63	69	32	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	69	33	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	69	34	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	69	35	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	69	36	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	69	37	access	access	NN
www-nature-com-63	69	38	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	69	39	MA	MA	NNP
www-nature-com-63	69	40	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	69	41	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	69	42	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	69	43	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	69	44	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	69	45	makers	maker	NNS
www-nature-com-63	69	46	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	69	47	forced	force	VBN
www-nature-com-63	69	48	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	69	49	maintain	maintain	VB
www-nature-com-63	69	50	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	69	51	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	69	52	stability	stability	NN
www-nature-com-63	69	53	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	69	54	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	69	55	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	69	56	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	69	57	an	an	DT
www-nature-com-63	69	58	efficient	efficient	JJ
www-nature-com-63	69	59	manner	manner	NN
www-nature-com-63	69	60	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	70	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	70	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	70	3	site	site	NN
www-nature-com-63	70	4	regulation	regulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	70	5	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	70	6	SR	SR	NNP
www-nature-com-63	70	7	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	70	8	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	70	9	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	70	10	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	70	11	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	70	12	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	70	13	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	70	14	coal	coal	NN
www-nature-com-63	70	15	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	70	16	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	70	17	area	area	NN
www-nature-com-63	70	18	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	70	19	persuaded	persuade	VBN
www-nature-com-63	70	20	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	70	21	suggested	suggest	VBN
www-nature-com-63	70	22	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	70	23	relocate	relocate	VB
www-nature-com-63	70	24	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	70	25	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	70	26	hydro	hydro	NNP
www-nature-com-63	70	27	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	70	28	rich	rich	JJ
www-nature-com-63	70	29	area	area	NN
www-nature-com-63	70	30	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	70	31	take	take	VB
www-nature-com-63	70	32	advantage	advantage	NN
www-nature-com-63	70	33	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	70	34	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	70	35	relatively	relatively	RB
www-nature-com-63	70	36	lower	low	JJR
www-nature-com-63	70	37	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	70	38	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	70	39	surplus	surplus	JJ
www-nature-com-63	70	40	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	70	41	availability	availability	NN
www-nature-com-63	70	42	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	70	43	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	70	44	area	area	NN
www-nature-com-63	70	45	due	due	JJ
www-nature-com-63	70	46	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	70	47	factors	factor	NNS
www-nature-com-63	70	48	such	such	JJ
www-nature-com-63	70	49	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	70	50	rain	rain	NN
www-nature-com-63	70	51	season	season	NN
www-nature-com-63	70	52	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	70	53	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	70	54	results	result	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	70	55	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	70	56	only	only	RB
www-nature-com-63	70	57	20	20	CD
www-nature-com-63	70	58	%	%	NN
www-nature-com-63	70	59	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	70	60	Fig	Fig	NNP
www-nature-com-63	70	61	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	71	1	1	1	LS
www-nature-com-63	71	2	Mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	71	3	pool	pool	NN
www-nature-com-63	71	4	distributions	distribution	NNS
www-nature-com-63	71	5	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	71	6	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	71	7	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	71	8	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	72	1	As	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	72	2	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	72	3	April	April	NNP
www-nature-com-63	72	4	2020	2020	CD
www-nature-com-63	72	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	72	6	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	72	7	accounts	account	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	72	8	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	72	9	more	more	JJR
www-nature-com-63	72	10	than	than	IN
www-nature-com-63	72	11	75	75	CD
www-nature-com-63	72	12	%	%	NN
www-nature-com-63	72	13	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	72	14	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	72	15	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	72	16	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	72	17	around	around	IN
www-nature-com-63	72	18	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	72	19	world	world	NN
www-nature-com-63	72	20	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	73	1	Some	some	DT
www-nature-com-63	73	2	rural	rural	JJ
www-nature-com-63	73	3	areas	area	NNS
www-nature-com-63	73	4	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	73	5	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	73	6	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	73	7	considered	consider	VBN
www-nature-com-63	73	8	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	73	9	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	73	10	ideal	ideal	JJ
www-nature-com-63	73	11	destination	destination	NN
www-nature-com-63	73	12	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	73	13	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	73	14	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	73	15	mainly	mainly	RB
www-nature-com-63	73	16	due	due	IN
www-nature-com-63	73	17	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	73	18	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	73	19	cheaper	cheap	JJR
www-nature-com-63	73	20	electricity	electricity	NN
www-nature-com-63	73	21	price	price	NN
www-nature-com-63	73	22	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	73	23	large	large	JJ
www-nature-com-63	73	24	undeveloped	undeveloped	JJ
www-nature-com-63	73	25	land	land	NN
www-nature-com-63	73	26	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	73	27	pool	pool	NN
www-nature-com-63	73	28	construction	construction	NN
www-nature-com-63	73	29	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	74	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	74	2	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	74	3	pool	pool	NN
www-nature-com-63	74	4	statistics	statistic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	74	5	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	74	6	obtained	obtain	VBN
www-nature-com-63	74	7	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	74	8	https://btc.com/stats	https://btc.com/stats	NNP
www-nature-com-63	74	9	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	75	1	Table	table	NN
www-nature-com-63	75	2	1	1	CD
www-nature-com-63	75	3	Scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	75	4	parameter	parameter	NN
www-nature-com-63	75	5	settings	setting	NNS
www-nature-com-63	75	6	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	76	1	Scenarios	scenario	NNS
www-nature-com-63	76	2	Measures	measure	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	76	3	Market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	4	access	access	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	5	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	76	6	%	%	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	7	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	76	8	Miner	miner	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	9	site	site	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	10	selection	selection	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	11	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	76	12	%	%	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	13	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	76	14	Carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	15	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	16	Benchmark	benchmark	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	17	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	76	18	BM	BM	NNP
www-nature-com-63	76	19	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	76	20	Baseline	Baseline	NNP
www-nature-com-63	76	21	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	22	intervention	intervention	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	23	100	100	CD
www-nature-com-63	76	24	40	40	CD
www-nature-com-63	76	25	2	2	CD
www-nature-com-63	76	26	Market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	27	access	access	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	28	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	76	29	MA	MA	NNP
www-nature-com-63	76	30	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	76	31	Raise	raise	VB
www-nature-com-63	76	32	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	76	33	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	34	access	access	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	35	standards	standard	NNS
www-nature-com-63	76	36	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	76	37	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	76	38	miner	miner	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	39	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	40	50	50	CD
www-nature-com-63	76	41	40	40	CD
www-nature-com-63	76	42	2	2	CD
www-nature-com-63	76	43	Site	site	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	44	regulation	regulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	45	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	76	46	SR	SR	NNP
www-nature-com-63	76	47	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	76	48	Strict	strict	JJ
www-nature-com-63	76	49	regulation	regulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	50	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	76	51	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	76	52	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	53	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	76	54	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	76	55	coal	coal	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	56	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	76	57	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	76	58	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	59	region	region	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	60	100	100	CD
www-nature-com-63	76	61	20	20	CD
www-nature-com-63	76	62	2	2	CD
www-nature-com-63	76	63	Carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	64	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	65	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	76	66	CT	CT	NNP
www-nature-com-63	76	67	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	76	68	Extra	extra	JJ
www-nature-com-63	76	69	punitive	punitive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	76	70	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	71	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	72	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	76	73	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	76	74	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	75	100	100	CD
www-nature-com-63	76	76	40	40	CD
www-nature-com-63	76	77	4	4	CD
www-nature-com-63	76	78	Note	note	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	79	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	76	80	Exogenous	exogenous	JJ
www-nature-com-63	76	81	auxiliary	auxiliary	JJ
www-nature-com-63	76	82	parameters	parameter	NNS
www-nature-com-63	76	83	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	76	84	introduced	introduce	VBN
www-nature-com-63	76	85	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	76	86	assess	assess	VB
www-nature-com-63	76	87	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	76	88	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	89	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	90	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	76	91	under	under	IN
www-nature-com-63	76	92	different	different	JJ
www-nature-com-63	76	93	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	76	94	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	76	95	measures	measure	NNS
www-nature-com-63	76	96	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	77	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	77	2	terms	term	NNS
www-nature-com-63	77	3	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	77	4	variable	variable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	77	5	settings	setting	NNS
www-nature-com-63	77	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	77	7	three	three	CD
www-nature-com-63	77	8	main	main	JJ
www-nature-com-63	77	9	parameters	parameter	NNS
www-nature-com-63	77	10	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	77	11	chosen	choose	VBN
www-nature-com-63	77	12	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	77	13	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	77	14	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	77	15	factors	factor	NNS
www-nature-com-63	77	16	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	77	17	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	77	18	proposed	propose	VBN
www-nature-com-63	77	19	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	77	20	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	77	21	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	77	22	including	include	VBG
www-nature-com-63	77	23	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	77	24	access	access	NN
www-nature-com-63	77	25	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	77	26	MA	MA	NNP
www-nature-com-63	77	27	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	77	28	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	77	29	miner	miner	NN
www-nature-com-63	77	30	site	site	NN
www-nature-com-63	77	31	regulation	regulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	77	32	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	77	33	SR	SR	NNP
www-nature-com-63	77	34	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	77	35	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	77	36	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	77	37	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	77	38	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	77	39	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	77	40	CT	CT	NNP
www-nature-com-63	77	41	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	77	42	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	78	1	NATURE	NATURE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	78	2	COMMUNICATIONS	COMMUNICATIONS	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	78	3	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	78	4	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	78	5	ARTICLE	article	NN
www-nature-com-63	78	6	NATURE	NATURE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	78	7	COMMUNICATIONS	communication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	78	8	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	78	9	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	78	10	2021	2021	CD
www-nature-com-63	78	11	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	78	12	12:1938	12:1938	CD
www-nature-com-63	78	13	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	78	14	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	78	15	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	78	16	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	78	17	3	3	CD
www-nature-com-63	78	18	https://btc.com/stats	https://btc.com/stat	NNS
www-nature-com-63	78	19	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	78	20	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	78	21	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	78	22	remaining	remain	VBG
www-nature-com-63	78	23	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	78	24	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	78	25	coal	coal	NN
www-nature-com-63	78	26	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	78	27	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	78	28	area	area	NN
www-nature-com-63	78	29	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	78	30	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	78	31	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	78	32	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	79	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	79	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	79	3	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	79	4	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	79	5	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	79	6	CT	CT	NNP
www-nature-com-63	79	7	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	79	8	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	79	9	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	79	10	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	79	11	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	79	12	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	79	13	increased	increase	VBN
www-nature-com-63	79	14	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	79	15	two	two	CD
www-nature-com-63	79	16	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	79	17	times	time	NNS
www-nature-com-63	79	18	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	79	19	initial	initial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	79	20	value	value	NN
www-nature-com-63	79	21	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	79	22	enforce	enforce	VB
www-nature-com-63	79	23	more	more	RBR
www-nature-com-63	79	24	strict	strict	JJ
www-nature-com-63	79	25	punishment	punishment	NN
www-nature-com-63	79	26	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	79	27	high	high	JJ
www-nature-com-63	79	28	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	79	29	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	79	30	behaviors	behavior	NNS
www-nature-com-63	79	31	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	79	32	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	79	33	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	79	34	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	80	1	Utilizing	utilize	VBG
www-nature-com-63	80	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	80	3	above	above	JJ
www-nature-com-63	80	4	scenarios	scenario	NNS
www-nature-com-63	80	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	80	6	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	80	7	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	80	8	flows	flow	NNS
www-nature-com-63	80	9	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	80	10	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	80	11	consumptions	consumption	NNS
www-nature-com-63	80	12	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	80	13	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	80	14	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	80	15	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	80	16	assessed	assess	VBN
www-nature-com-63	80	17	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	80	18	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	80	19	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	80	20	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	80	21	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	80	22	reduction	reduction	NN
www-nature-com-63	80	23	effectiveness	effectiveness	NN
www-nature-com-63	80	24	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	80	25	different	different	JJ
www-nature-com-63	80	26	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	80	27	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	80	28	evaluated	evaluate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	80	29	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	80	30	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	80	31	simulations	simulation	NNS
www-nature-com-63	80	32	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	80	33	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	80	34	period	period	NN
www-nature-com-63	80	35	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	80	36	2014–2030	2014–2030	CD
www-nature-com-63	80	37	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	81	1	Carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	81	2	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	81	3	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	81	4	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	81	5	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	81	6	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	81	7	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	81	8	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	82	1	Without	without	IN
www-nature-com-63	82	2	any	any	DT
www-nature-com-63	82	3	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	82	4	interventions	intervention	NNS
www-nature-com-63	82	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	82	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	82	7	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	82	8	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	82	9	pattern	pattern	NN
www-nature-com-63	82	10	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	82	11	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	82	12	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	82	13	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	82	14	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	82	15	become	become	VB
www-nature-com-63	82	16	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	82	17	non	non	JJ
www-nature-com-63	82	18	-	-	JJ
www-nature-com-63	82	19	negligible	negligible	JJ
www-nature-com-63	82	20	barrier	barrier	NN
www-nature-com-63	82	21	against	against	IN
www-nature-com-63	82	22	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	82	23	sustainability	sustainability	NN
www-nature-com-63	82	24	efforts	effort	NNS
www-nature-com-63	82	25	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	82	26	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	82	27	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	83	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	83	2	peak	peak	NN
www-nature-com-63	83	3	annual	annual	JJ
www-nature-com-63	83	4	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	83	5	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	83	6	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	83	7	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	83	8	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	83	9	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	83	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	83	11	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	83	12	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	83	13	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	83	14	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	83	15	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	83	16	expected	expect	VBN
www-nature-com-63	83	17	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	83	18	exceed	exceed	VB
www-nature-com-63	83	19	those	those	DT
www-nature-com-63	83	20	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	83	21	some	some	DT
www-nature-com-63	83	22	developed	develop	VBN
www-nature-com-63	83	23	countries	country	NNS
www-nature-com-63	83	24	such	such	JJ
www-nature-com-63	83	25	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	83	26	Italy	Italy	NNP
www-nature-com-63	83	27	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	83	28	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	83	29	Netherlands	Netherlands	NNP
www-nature-com-63	83	30	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	83	31	Spain	Spain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	83	32	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	83	33	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	83	34	Czech	Czech	NNP
www-nature-com-63	83	35	Republic	Republic	NNP
www-nature-com-63	83	36	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	84	1	Fig-	Fig-	NNP
www-nature-com-63	84	2	ure	ure	NNP
www-nature-com-63	84	3	2	2	CD
www-nature-com-63	84	4	reports	report	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	84	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	84	6	estimated	estimate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	84	7	annualized	annualized	JJ
www-nature-com-63	84	8	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	84	9	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	84	10	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	84	11	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	84	12	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	84	13	flows	flow	NNS
www-nature-com-63	84	14	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	84	15	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	84	16	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	84	17	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	84	18	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	84	19	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	85	1	As	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	85	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	85	3	baseline	baseline	NN
www-nature-com-63	85	4	assessment	assessment	NN
www-nature-com-63	85	5	under	under	IN
www-nature-com-63	85	6	minimal	minimal	JJ
www-nature-com-63	85	7	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	85	8	intervention	intervention	NN
www-nature-com-63	85	9	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	85	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	85	11	Benchmark	benchmark	JJ
www-nature-com-63	85	12	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	85	13	simulates	simulate	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	85	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	85	15	natural	natural	JJ
www-nature-com-63	85	16	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	85	17	results	result	NNS
www-nature-com-63	85	18	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	85	19	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	85	20	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	85	21	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	85	22	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	86	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	86	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	86	3	BM	BM	NNP
www-nature-com-63	86	4	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	86	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	86	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	86	7	annual	annual	JJ
www-nature-com-63	86	8	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	86	9	con-	con-	NN
www-nature-com-63	86	10	sumption	sumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	86	11	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	86	12	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	86	13	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	86	14	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	86	15	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	86	16	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	86	17	gradually	gradually	RB
www-nature-com-63	86	18	grow	grow	VB
www-nature-com-63	86	19	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	86	20	eventually	eventually	RB
www-nature-com-63	86	21	peak	peak	VB
www-nature-com-63	86	22	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	86	23	2024	2024	CD
www-nature-com-63	86	24	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	86	25	at	at	IN
www-nature-com-63	86	26	296.59	296.59	CD
www-nature-com-63	86	27	Twh	Twh	NNP
www-nature-com-63	86	28	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	86	29	year	year	NN
www-nature-com-63	86	30	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	87	1	This	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	87	2	suggests	suggest	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	87	3	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	87	4	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	87	5	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	87	6	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	87	7	would	would	MD
www-nature-com-63	87	8	follow	follow	VB
www-nature-com-63	87	9	an	an	DT
www-nature-com-63	87	10	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	87	11	intensive	intensive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	87	12	pattern	pattern	NN
www-nature-com-63	87	13	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	88	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	88	2	fact	fact	NN
www-nature-com-63	88	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	88	4	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	88	5	consumed	consume	VBN
www-nature-com-63	88	6	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	88	7	Chinese	Chinese	NNP
www-nature-com-63	88	8	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	88	9	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	88	10	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	88	11	2024	2024	CD
www-nature-com-63	88	12	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	88	13	exceed	exceed	VB
www-nature-com-63	88	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	88	15	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	88	16	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	88	17	level	level	NN
www-nature-com-63	88	18	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	88	19	Italy	Italy	NNP
www-nature-com-63	88	20	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	88	21	Saudi	Saudi	NNP
www-nature-com-63	88	22	Arabia	Arabia	NNP
www-nature-com-63	88	23	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	88	24	2016	2016	CD
www-nature-com-63	88	25	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	88	26	ranking	rank	VBG
www-nature-com-63	88	27	it	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	88	28	12th	12th	JJ
www-nature-com-63	88	29	among	among	IN
www-nature-com-63	88	30	all	all	PDT
www-nature-com-63	88	31	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	88	32	countries	country	NNS
www-nature-com-63	88	33	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	89	1	Regarding	regard	VBG
www-nature-com-63	89	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	89	3	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	89	4	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	89	5	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	89	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	89	7	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	89	8	highest	high	JJS
www-nature-com-63	89	9	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	89	10	demand	demand	NN
www-nature-com-63	89	11	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	89	12	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	89	13	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	89	14	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	89	15	slightly	slightly	RB
www-nature-com-63	89	16	decreases	decrease	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	89	17	due	due	JJ
www-nature-com-63	89	18	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	89	19	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	89	20	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	89	21	Fig	fig	NN
www-nature-com-63	89	22	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	90	1	2	2	CD
www-nature-com-63	90	2	Estimated	Estimated	NNP
www-nature-com-63	90	3	annualized	annualized	JJ
www-nature-com-63	90	4	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	90	5	simulation	simulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	90	6	results	result	NNS
www-nature-com-63	90	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	91	1	Estimated	estimate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	91	2	annualized	annualized	JJ
www-nature-com-63	91	3	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	91	4	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	91	5	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	91	6	a	a	NN
www-nature-com-63	91	7	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	91	8	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	91	9	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	91	10	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	91	11	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	91	12	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	91	13	b	b	NN
www-nature-com-63	91	14	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	91	15	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	91	16	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	91	17	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	91	18	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	91	19	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	91	20	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	91	21	generated	generate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	91	22	through	through	IN
www-nature-com-63	91	23	monthly	monthly	JJ
www-nature-com-63	91	24	simulation	simulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	91	25	results	result	NNS
www-nature-com-63	91	26	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	91	27	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	91	28	modeling	model	VBG
www-nature-com-63	91	29	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	91	30	2021	2021	CD
www-nature-com-63	91	31	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	91	32	2029	2029	CD
www-nature-com-63	91	33	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	92	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	92	2	blue	blue	JJ
www-nature-com-63	92	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	92	4	red	red	JJ
www-nature-com-63	92	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	92	6	yellow	yellow	JJ
www-nature-com-63	92	7	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	92	8	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	92	9	green	green	JJ
www-nature-com-63	92	10	bars	bar	NNS
www-nature-com-63	92	11	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	92	12	a	a	NN
www-nature-com-63	92	13	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	92	14	b	b	LS
www-nature-com-63	92	15	indicate	indicate	VBP
www-nature-com-63	92	16	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	92	17	annual	annual	JJ
www-nature-com-63	92	18	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	92	19	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	92	20	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	92	21	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	92	22	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	92	23	flows	flow	NNS
www-nature-com-63	92	24	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	92	25	Chinese	Chinese	NNP
www-nature-com-63	92	26	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	92	27	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	92	28	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	92	29	benchmark	benchmark	NN
www-nature-com-63	92	30	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	92	31	site	site	NN
www-nature-com-63	92	32	regulation	regulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	92	33	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	92	34	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	92	35	access	access	NN
www-nature-com-63	92	36	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	92	37	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	92	38	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	92	39	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	92	40	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	92	41	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	92	42	respectively	respectively	RB
www-nature-com-63	92	43	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	93	1	Each	each	DT
www-nature-com-63	93	2	data	data	NN
www-nature-com-63	93	3	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	93	4	presented	present	VBN
www-nature-com-63	93	5	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	93	6	mean	mean	JJ
www-nature-com-63	93	7	values	value	NNS
www-nature-com-63	93	8	±	±	CD
www-nature-com-63	93	9	SEM	sem	RB
www-nature-com-63	93	10	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	93	11	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	93	12	95	95	CD
www-nature-com-63	93	13	%	%	NN
www-nature-com-63	93	14	confidence	confidence	NN
www-nature-com-63	93	15	intervals	interval	NNS
www-nature-com-63	93	16	calculated	calculate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	93	17	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	93	18	two	two	CD
www-nature-com-63	93	19	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	93	20	tailed	tailed	JJ
www-nature-com-63	93	21	t	t	NN
www-nature-com-63	93	22	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	93	23	tests	test	NNS
www-nature-com-63	93	24	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	93	25	p	p	NN
www-nature-com-63	93	26	<	<	XX
www-nature-com-63	93	27	0:05	0:05	CD
www-nature-com-63	93	28	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	93	29	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	94	1	n	n	NNP
www-nature-com-63	94	2	=	=	SYM
www-nature-com-63	94	3	204	204	CD
www-nature-com-63	94	4	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	94	5	observations	observation	NNS
www-nature-com-63	94	6	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	95	1	ARTICLE	article	NN
www-nature-com-63	95	2	NATURE	NATURE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	95	3	COMMUNICATIONS	communication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	95	4	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	95	5	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	95	6	4	4	CD
www-nature-com-63	95	7	NATURE	NATURE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	95	8	COMMUNICATIONS	communication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	95	9	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	95	10	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	95	11	2021	2021	CD
www-nature-com-63	95	12	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	95	13	12:1938	12:1938	CD
www-nature-com-63	95	14	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	95	15	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	95	16	|	|	JJ
www-nature-com-63	95	17	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	95	18	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	95	19	penalties	penalty	NNS
www-nature-com-63	95	20	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	95	21	at	at	IN
www-nature-com-63	95	22	217.37	217.37	CD
www-nature-com-63	95	23	Twh	Twh	NNP
www-nature-com-63	95	24	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	96	1	However	however	RB
www-nature-com-63	96	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	96	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	96	4	results	result	NNS
www-nature-com-63	96	5	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	96	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	96	7	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	96	8	access	access	NN
www-nature-com-63	96	9	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	96	10	site	site	NN
www-nature-com-63	96	11	regulation	regulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	96	12	scenarios	scenario	NNS
www-nature-com-63	96	13	indicate	indicate	VBP
www-nature-com-63	96	14	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	96	15	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	96	16	total	total	JJ
www-nature-com-63	96	17	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	96	18	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	96	19	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	96	20	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	96	21	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	96	22	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	96	23	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	96	24	reach	reach	VB
www-nature-com-63	96	25	350.11	350.11	CD
www-nature-com-63	96	26	Twh	Twh	NNP
www-nature-com-63	96	27	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	96	28	319.80	319.80	CD
www-nature-com-63	96	29	Twh	Twh	NNP
www-nature-com-63	96	30	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	96	31	respectively	respectively	RB
www-nature-com-63	96	32	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	96	33	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	96	34	2024	2024	CD
www-nature-com-63	96	35	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	96	36	2025	2025	CD
www-nature-com-63	96	37	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	97	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	97	2	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	97	3	clear	clear	JJ
www-nature-com-63	97	4	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	97	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	97	6	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	97	7	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	97	8	behavior	behavior	NN
www-nature-com-63	97	9	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	97	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	97	11	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	97	12	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	97	13	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	97	14	consistent	consistent	JJ
www-nature-com-63	97	15	with	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	97	16	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	97	17	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	97	18	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	97	19	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	97	20	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	97	21	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	97	22	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	98	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	98	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	98	3	BM	BM	NNP
www-nature-com-63	98	4	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	98	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	98	6	annual	annual	JJ
www-nature-com-63	98	7	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	98	8	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	98	9	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	98	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	98	11	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	98	12	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	98	13	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	98	14	expected	expect	VBN
www-nature-com-63	98	15	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	98	16	reach	reach	VB
www-nature-com-63	98	17	its	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	98	18	maximum	maximum	NN
www-nature-com-63	98	19	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	98	20	2024	2024	CD
www-nature-com-63	98	21	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	98	22	at	at	IN
www-nature-com-63	98	23	130.50	130.50	CD
www-nature-com-63	98	24	million	million	CD
www-nature-com-63	98	25	metric	metric	JJ
www-nature-com-63	98	26	tons	ton	NNS
www-nature-com-63	98	27	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	99	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	99	2	essence	essence	NN
www-nature-com-63	99	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	99	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	99	5	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	99	6	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	99	7	pattern	pattern	NN
www-nature-com-63	99	8	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	99	9	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	99	10	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	99	11	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	99	12	would	would	MD
www-nature-com-63	99	13	become	become	VB
www-nature-com-63	99	14	an	an	DT
www-nature-com-63	99	15	increasing	increase	VBG
www-nature-com-63	99	16	threat	threat	NN
www-nature-com-63	99	17	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	99	18	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	99	19	’s	’s	POS
www-nature-com-63	99	20	greenhouse	greenhouse	NN
www-nature-com-63	99	21	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	99	22	reduction	reduction	NN
www-nature-com-63	99	23	target	target	NN
www-nature-com-63	99	24	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	100	1	At	at	IN
www-nature-com-63	100	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	100	3	international	international	JJ
www-nature-com-63	100	4	level	level	NN
www-nature-com-63	100	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	100	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	100	7	estimated	estimate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	100	8	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	100	9	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	100	10	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	100	11	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	100	12	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	100	13	exceeds	exceed	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	100	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	100	15	total	total	JJ
www-nature-com-63	100	16	greenhouse	greenhouse	NN
www-nature-com-63	100	17	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	100	18	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	100	19	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	100	20	Czech	Czech	NNP
www-nature-com-63	100	21	Republic	Republic	NNP
www-nature-com-63	100	22	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	100	23	Qatar	Qatar	NNP
www-nature-com-63	100	24	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	100	25	2016	2016	CD
www-nature-com-63	100	26	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	100	27	ranking	rank	VBG
www-nature-com-63	100	28	it	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	100	29	36th	36th	NN
www-nature-com-63	100	30	worldwide	worldwide	RB
www-nature-com-63	100	31	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	101	1	At	at	IN
www-nature-com-63	101	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	101	3	domestic	domestic	JJ
www-nature-com-63	101	4	level	level	NN
www-nature-com-63	101	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	101	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	101	7	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	101	8	output	output	NN
www-nature-com-63	101	9	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	101	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	101	11	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	101	12	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	101	13	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	101	14	would	would	MD
www-nature-com-63	101	15	rank	rank	VB
www-nature-com-63	101	16	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	101	17	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	101	18	top	top	JJ
www-nature-com-63	101	19	10	10	CD
www-nature-com-63	101	20	among	among	IN
www-nature-com-63	101	21	182	182	CD
www-nature-com-63	101	22	Chinese	chinese	JJ
www-nature-com-63	101	23	prefecture-	prefecture-	JJ
www-nature-com-63	101	24	level	level	NN
www-nature-com-63	101	25	cities	city	NNS
www-nature-com-63	101	26	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	101	27	42	42	CD
www-nature-com-63	101	28	major	major	JJ
www-nature-com-63	101	29	industrial	industrial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	101	30	sectors	sector	NNS
www-nature-com-63	101	31	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	102	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	102	2	comparison	comparison	NN
www-nature-com-63	102	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	102	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	102	5	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	102	6	emissions	emission	NNS
www-nature-com-63	102	7	generated	generate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	102	8	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	102	9	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	102	10	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	102	11	experienced	experience	VBD
www-nature-com-63	102	12	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	102	13	significant	significant	JJ
www-nature-com-63	102	14	reduction	reduction	NN
www-nature-com-63	102	15	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	102	16	SR	SR	NNP
www-nature-com-63	102	17	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	102	18	CT	CT	NNP
www-nature-com-63	102	19	scenarios	scenario	NNS
www-nature-com-63	102	20	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	102	21	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	102	22	illustrate	illustrate	VBP
www-nature-com-63	102	23	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	102	24	positive	positive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	102	25	impact	impact	NN
www-nature-com-63	102	26	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	102	27	these	these	DT
www-nature-com-63	102	28	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	102	29	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	102	30	related	relate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	102	31	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	102	32	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	103	1	On	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	103	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	103	3	contrary	contrary	NN
www-nature-com-63	103	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	103	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	103	6	MA	MA	NNP
www-nature-com-63	103	7	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	103	8	witnesses	witness	NNS
www-nature-com-63	103	9	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	103	10	considerable	considerable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	103	11	increase	increase	NN
www-nature-com-63	103	12	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	103	13	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	103	14	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	103	15	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	103	16	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	103	17	140.71	140.71	CD
www-nature-com-63	103	18	million	million	CD
www-nature-com-63	103	19	metric	metric	JJ
www-nature-com-63	103	20	tons	ton	NNS
www-nature-com-63	103	21	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	103	22	2025	2025	CD
www-nature-com-63	103	23	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	104	1	Based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	104	2	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	104	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	104	4	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	104	5	results	result	NNS
www-nature-com-63	104	6	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	104	7	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	104	8	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	104	9	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	104	10	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	104	11	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	104	12	Benchmark	benchmark	JJ
www-nature-com-63	104	13	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	104	14	indicates	indicate	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	104	15	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	104	16	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	104	17	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	104	18	consumed	consume	VBN
www-nature-com-63	104	19	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	104	20	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	104	21	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	104	22	emissions	emission	NNS
www-nature-com-63	104	23	generated	generate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	104	24	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	104	25	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	104	26	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	104	27	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	104	28	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	104	29	simulated	simulate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	104	30	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	104	31	grow	grow	VB
www-nature-com-63	104	32	continuously	continuously	RB
www-nature-com-63	104	33	as	as	RB
www-nature-com-63	104	34	long	long	RB
www-nature-com-63	104	35	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	104	36	mining	mine	VBG
www-nature-com-63	104	37	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	104	38	maintains	maintain	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	104	39	its	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	104	40	profitability	profitability	NN
www-nature-com-63	104	41	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	104	42	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	104	43	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	105	1	This	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	105	2	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	105	3	mainly	mainly	RB
www-nature-com-63	105	4	due	due	JJ
www-nature-com-63	105	5	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	105	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	105	7	positive	positive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	105	8	feedback	feedback	NN
www-nature-com-63	105	9	loop	loop	NN
www-nature-com-63	105	10	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	105	11	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	105	12	PoW	pow	NN
www-nature-com-63	105	13	competitive	competitive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	105	14	mechanism	mechanism	NN
www-nature-com-63	105	15	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	105	16	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	105	17	requires	require	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	105	18	advanced	advanced	JJ
www-nature-com-63	105	19	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	105	20	high	high	JJ
www-nature-com-63	105	21	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	105	22	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	105	23	consuming	consume	VBG
www-nature-com-63	105	24	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	105	25	hardware	hardware	NN
www-nature-com-63	105	26	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	105	27	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	105	28	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	105	29	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	105	30	order	order	NN
www-nature-com-63	105	31	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	105	32	increase	increase	VB
www-nature-com-63	105	33	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	105	34	probability	probability	NN
www-nature-com-63	105	35	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	105	36	earning	earn	VBG
www-nature-com-63	105	37	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	105	38	rewards	reward	NNS
www-nature-com-63	105	39	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	106	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	106	2	addition	addition	NN
www-nature-com-63	106	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	106	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	106	5	flows	flow	NNS
www-nature-com-63	106	6	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	106	7	long	long	JJ
www-nature-com-63	106	8	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	106	9	term	term	NN
www-nature-com-63	106	10	trend	trend	NN
www-nature-com-63	106	11	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	106	12	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	106	13	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	106	14	simulated	simulate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	106	15	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	106	16	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	106	17	proposed	propose	VBN
www-nature-com-63	106	18	system	system	NN
www-nature-com-63	106	19	dynamics	dynamic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	106	20	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	106	21	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	106	22	consistent	consistent	JJ
www-nature-com-63	106	23	with	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	106	24	several	several	JJ
www-nature-com-63	106	25	previous	previous	JJ
www-nature-com-63	106	26	estimations10,13	estimations10,13	NNP
www-nature-com-63	106	27	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	106	28	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	106	29	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	106	30	devoted	devoted	JJ
www-nature-com-63	106	31	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	106	32	precisely	precisely	RB
www-nature-com-63	106	33	estimate	estimate	VB
www-nature-com-63	106	34	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	106	35	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	106	36	footprint	footprint	NN
www-nature-com-63	106	37	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	106	38	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	106	39	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	106	40	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	107	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	107	2	Paris	Paris	NNP
www-nature-com-63	107	3	Agreement	Agreement	NNP
www-nature-com-63	107	4	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	107	5	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	107	6	worldwide	worldwide	JJ
www-nature-com-63	107	7	agreement	agreement	NN
www-nature-com-63	107	8	committed	commit	VBN
www-nature-com-63	107	9	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	107	10	limit	limit	VB
www-nature-com-63	107	11	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	107	12	increase	increase	NN
www-nature-com-63	107	13	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	107	14	global	global	JJ
www-nature-com-63	107	15	average	average	JJ
www-nature-com-63	107	16	temperature22,23	temperature22,23	NN
www-nature-com-63	107	17	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	108	1	Under	under	IN
www-nature-com-63	108	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	108	3	Paris	Paris	NNP
www-nature-com-63	108	4	Agreement	Agreement	NNP
www-nature-com-63	108	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	108	6	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	108	7	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	108	8	devoted	devote	VBN
www-nature-com-63	108	9	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	108	10	cut	cut	VB
www-nature-com-63	108	11	down	down	RP
www-nature-com-63	108	12	60	60	CD
www-nature-com-63	108	13	%	%	NN
www-nature-com-63	108	14	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	108	15	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	108	16	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	108	17	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	108	18	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	108	19	GDP	GDP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	108	20	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	108	21	2030	2030	CD
www-nature-com-63	108	22	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	108	23	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	108	24	that	that	DT
www-nature-com-63	108	25	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	108	26	2005	2005	CD
www-nature-com-63	108	27	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	109	1	However	however	RB
www-nature-com-63	109	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	109	3	according	accord	VBG
www-nature-com-63	109	4	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	109	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	109	6	simulation	simulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	109	7	results	result	NNS
www-nature-com-63	109	8	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	109	9	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	109	10	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	109	11	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	109	12	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	109	13	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	109	14	find	find	VBP
www-nature-com-63	109	15	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	109	16	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	109	17	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	109	18	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	109	19	pattern	pattern	NN
www-nature-com-63	109	20	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	109	21	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	109	22	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	109	23	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	109	24	become	become	VB
www-nature-com-63	109	25	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	109	26	potential	potential	JJ
www-nature-com-63	109	27	barrier	barrier	NN
www-nature-com-63	109	28	against	against	IN
www-nature-com-63	109	29	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	109	30	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	109	31	reduction	reduction	NN
www-nature-com-63	109	32	target	target	NN
www-nature-com-63	109	33	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	109	34	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	109	35	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	110	1	As	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	110	2	shown	show	VBN
www-nature-com-63	110	3	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	110	4	Fig	Fig	NNP
www-nature-com-63	110	5	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	111	1	3	3	LS
www-nature-com-63	111	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	111	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	111	4	peak	peak	NN
www-nature-com-63	111	5	annualized	annualize	VBN
www-nature-com-63	111	6	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	111	7	output	output	NN
www-nature-com-63	111	8	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	111	9	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	111	10	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	111	11	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	111	12	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	111	13	would	would	MD
www-nature-com-63	111	14	make	make	VB
www-nature-com-63	111	15	it	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	111	16	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	111	17	10th	10th	RB
www-nature-com-63	111	18	largest	large	JJS
www-nature-com-63	111	19	emitting	emitting	JJ
www-nature-com-63	111	20	sector	sector	NN
www-nature-com-63	111	21	out	out	IN
www-nature-com-63	111	22	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	111	23	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	111	24	total	total	NN
www-nature-com-63	111	25	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	111	26	42	42	CD
www-nature-com-63	111	27	major	major	JJ
www-nature-com-63	111	28	Chinese	chinese	JJ
www-nature-com-63	111	29	industrial	industrial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	111	30	sectors	sector	NNS
www-nature-com-63	111	31	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	112	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	112	2	particular	particular	JJ
www-nature-com-63	112	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	112	4	it	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	112	5	would	would	MD
www-nature-com-63	112	6	account	account	VB
www-nature-com-63	112	7	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	112	8	approximately	approximately	RB
www-nature-com-63	112	9	5.41	5.41	CD
www-nature-com-63	112	10	%	%	NN
www-nature-com-63	112	11	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	112	12	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	112	13	emissions	emission	NNS
www-nature-com-63	112	14	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	112	15	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	112	16	electricity	electricity	NN
www-nature-com-63	112	17	generation	generation	NN
www-nature-com-63	112	18	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	112	19	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	112	20	according	accord	VBG
www-nature-com-63	112	21	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	112	22	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	112	23	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	112	24	Emission	Emission	NNP
www-nature-com-63	112	25	Accounts	Accounts	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	112	26	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	112	27	Datasets	Datasets	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	112	28	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	112	29	www.ceads.net	www.ceads.net	NN
www-nature-com-63	112	30	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	112	31	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	113	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	113	2	peak	peak	NN
www-nature-com-63	113	3	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	113	4	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	113	5	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	113	6	GDP	GDP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	113	7	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	113	8	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	113	9	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	113	10	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	113	11	expected	expect	VBN
www-nature-com-63	113	12	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	113	13	sit	sit	VB
www-nature-com-63	113	14	at	at	IN
www-nature-com-63	113	15	10.77	10.77	CD
www-nature-com-63	113	16	kg	kg	NNS
www-nature-com-63	113	17	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	113	18	USD	usd	NN
www-nature-com-63	113	19	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	114	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	114	2	addition	addition	NN
www-nature-com-63	114	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	114	4	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	114	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	114	6	current	current	JJ
www-nature-com-63	114	7	national	national	JJ
www-nature-com-63	114	8	economy	economy	NN
www-nature-com-63	114	9	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	114	10	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	114	11	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	114	12	accounting	accounting	NN
www-nature-com-63	114	13	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	114	14	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	114	15	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	114	16	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	114	17	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	114	18	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	114	19	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	114	20	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	114	21	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	114	22	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	114	23	not	not	RB
www-nature-com-63	114	24	listed	list	VBN
www-nature-com-63	114	25	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	114	26	an	an	DT
www-nature-com-63	114	27	independent	independent	JJ
www-nature-com-63	114	28	department	department	NN
www-nature-com-63	114	29	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	114	30	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	114	31	emissions	emission	NNS
www-nature-com-63	114	32	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	114	33	productivity	productivity	NN
www-nature-com-63	114	34	calculation	calculation	NN
www-nature-com-63	114	35	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	115	1	This	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	115	2	adds	add	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	115	3	difficulty	difficulty	NN
www-nature-com-63	115	4	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	115	5	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	115	6	makers	maker	NNS
www-nature-com-63	115	7	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	115	8	monitor	monitor	VB
www-nature-com-63	115	9	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	115	10	actual	actual	JJ
www-nature-com-63	115	11	behaviors	behavior	NNS
www-nature-com-63	115	12	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	115	13	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	115	14	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	115	15	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	115	16	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	115	17	design	design	NN
www-nature-com-63	115	18	well	well	RB
www-nature-com-63	115	19	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	115	20	directed	direct	VBN
www-nature-com-63	115	21	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	115	22	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	116	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	116	2	fact	fact	NN
www-nature-com-63	116	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	116	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	116	5	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	116	6	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	116	7	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	116	8	transaction	transaction	NN
www-nature-com-63	116	9	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	116	10	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	116	11	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	116	12	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	116	13	larger	large	JJR
www-nature-com-63	116	14	than	than	IN
www-nature-com-63	116	15	numerous	numerous	JJ
www-nature-com-63	116	16	mainstream	mainstream	JJ
www-nature-com-63	116	17	financial	financial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	116	18	transaction	transaction	NN
www-nature-com-63	116	19	channels17	channels17	NNP
www-nature-com-63	116	20	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	117	1	To	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	117	2	address	address	VB
www-nature-com-63	117	3	this	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	117	4	issue	issue	NN
www-nature-com-63	117	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	117	6	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	117	7	suggest	suggest	VBP
www-nature-com-63	117	8	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	117	9	makers	maker	NNS
www-nature-com-63	117	10	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	117	11	set	set	VB
www-nature-com-63	117	12	up	up	RP
www-nature-com-63	117	13	separated	separated	JJ
www-nature-com-63	117	14	accounts	account	NNS
www-nature-com-63	117	15	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	117	16	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	117	17	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	117	18	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	117	19	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	117	20	order	order	NN
www-nature-com-63	117	21	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	117	22	better	well	RBR
www-nature-com-63	117	23	manage	manage	VB
www-nature-com-63	117	24	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	117	25	control	control	VB
www-nature-com-63	117	26	its	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	117	27	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	117	28	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	117	29	behaviors	behavior	NNS
www-nature-com-63	117	30	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	117	31	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	117	32	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	118	1	Carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	118	2	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	118	3	effectiveness	effectiveness	NN
www-nature-com-63	118	4	evaluation	evaluation	NN
www-nature-com-63	118	5	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	119	1	Policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	119	2	that	that	WDT
www-nature-com-63	119	3	induce	induce	VBP
www-nature-com-63	119	4	changes	change	NNS
www-nature-com-63	119	5	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	119	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	119	7	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	119	8	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	119	9	structure	structure	NN
www-nature-com-63	119	10	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	119	11	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	119	12	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	119	13	activities	activity	NNS
www-nature-com-63	119	14	may	may	MD
www-nature-com-63	119	15	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	119	16	more	more	RBR
www-nature-com-63	119	17	effective	effective	JJ
www-nature-com-63	119	18	than	than	IN
www-nature-com-63	119	19	intuitive	intuitive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	119	20	punitive	punitive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	119	21	measures	measure	NNS
www-nature-com-63	119	22	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	119	23	limiting	limit	VBG
www-nature-com-63	119	24	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	119	25	total	total	JJ
www-nature-com-63	119	26	amount	amount	NN
www-nature-com-63	119	27	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	119	28	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	119	29	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	119	30	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	119	31	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	119	32	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	119	33	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	119	34	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	119	35	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	119	36	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	119	37	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	119	38	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	120	1	Figure	figure	NN
www-nature-com-63	120	2	4	4	CD
www-nature-com-63	120	3	presents	present	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	120	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	120	5	values	value	NNS
www-nature-com-63	120	6	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	120	7	key	key	JJ
www-nature-com-63	120	8	parameters	parameter	NNS
www-nature-com-63	120	9	simulated	simulate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	120	10	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	120	11	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	120	12	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	120	13	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	121	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	121	2	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	121	3	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	121	4	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	121	5	GDP	GDP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	121	6	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	121	7	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	121	8	BM	BM	NNP
www-nature-com-63	121	9	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	121	10	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	121	11	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	121	12	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	121	13	larger	large	JJR
www-nature-com-63	121	14	than	than	IN
www-nature-com-63	121	15	that	that	DT
www-nature-com-63	121	16	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	121	17	all	all	DT
www-nature-com-63	121	18	other	other	JJ
www-nature-com-63	121	19	scenarios	scenario	NNS
www-nature-com-63	121	20	throughout	throughout	IN
www-nature-com-63	121	21	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	121	22	whole	whole	JJ
www-nature-com-63	121	23	simulation	simulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	121	24	period	period	NN
www-nature-com-63	121	25	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	121	26	reaching	reach	VBG
www-nature-com-63	121	27	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	121	28	maximum	maximum	NN
www-nature-com-63	121	29	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	121	30	10.77	10.77	CD
www-nature-com-63	121	31	kg	kg	NNS
www-nature-com-63	121	32	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	121	33	USD	usd	NN
www-nature-com-63	121	34	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	121	35	June	June	NNP
www-nature-com-63	121	36	2026	2026	CD
www-nature-com-63	121	37	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	122	1	However	however	RB
www-nature-com-63	122	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	122	3	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	122	4	find	find	VBP
www-nature-com-63	122	5	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	122	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	122	7	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	122	8	effectiveness	effectiveness	NN
www-nature-com-63	122	9	under	under	IN
www-nature-com-63	122	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	122	11	MA	MA	NNP
www-nature-com-63	122	12	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	122	13	CT	CT	NNP
www-nature-com-63	122	14	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	122	15	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	122	16	rather	rather	RB
www-nature-com-63	122	17	limited	limited	JJ
www-nature-com-63	122	18	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	122	19	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	122	20	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	122	21	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	122	22	reduction	reduction	NN
www-nature-com-63	122	23	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	122	24	i.e.	i.e.	FW
www-nature-com-63	122	25	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	122	26	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	122	27	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	122	28	effectiveness	effectiveness	NN
www-nature-com-63	122	29	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	122	30	Market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	122	31	access	access	NN
www-nature-com-63	122	32	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	122	33	expected	expect	VBN
www-nature-com-63	122	34	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	122	35	reduce	reduce	VB
www-nature-com-63	122	36	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	122	37	August	August	NNP
www-nature-com-63	122	38	2027	2027	CD
www-nature-com-63	122	39	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	122	40	that	that	DT
www-nature-com-63	122	41	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	122	42	Carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	122	43	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	122	44	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	122	45	expected	expect	VBN
www-nature-com-63	122	46	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	122	47	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	122	48	effective	effective	JJ
www-nature-com-63	122	49	until	until	IN
www-nature-com-63	122	50	July	July	NNP
www-nature-com-63	122	51	2024	2024	CD
www-nature-com-63	122	52	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	123	1	Among	among	IN
www-nature-com-63	123	2	all	all	PDT
www-nature-com-63	123	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	123	4	intended	intend	VBN
www-nature-com-63	123	5	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	123	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	123	7	Site	Site	NNP
www-nature-com-63	123	8	Regulation	Regulation	NNP
www-nature-com-63	123	9	shows	show	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	123	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	123	11	best	good	JJS
www-nature-com-63	123	12	effectiveness	effectiveness	NN
www-nature-com-63	123	13	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	123	14	reducing	reduce	VBG
www-nature-com-63	123	15	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	123	16	peak	peak	NN
www-nature-com-63	123	17	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	123	18	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	123	19	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	123	20	GDP	GDP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	123	21	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	123	22	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	123	23	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	123	24	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	123	25	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	123	26	6	6	CD
www-nature-com-63	123	27	kg	kg	NNS
www-nature-com-63	123	28	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	123	29	USD	usd	NN
www-nature-com-63	123	30	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	124	1	Overall	overall	RB
www-nature-com-63	124	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	124	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	124	4	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	124	5	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	124	6	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	124	7	GDP	GDP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	124	8	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	124	9	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	124	10	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	124	11	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	124	12	far	far	RB
www-nature-com-63	124	13	exceeds	exceed	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	124	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	124	15	average	average	JJ
www-nature-com-63	124	16	industrial	industrial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	124	17	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	124	18	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	124	19	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	124	20	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	124	21	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	124	22	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	124	23	indicates	indicate	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	124	24	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	124	25	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	124	26	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	124	27	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	124	28	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	124	29	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	124	30	highly	highly	RB
www-nature-com-63	124	31	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	124	32	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	124	33	intense	intense	JJ
www-nature-com-63	124	34	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	124	35	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	125	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	125	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	125	3	BM	BM	NNP
www-nature-com-63	125	4	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	125	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	125	6	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	125	7	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	125	8	’	’	POS
www-nature-com-63	125	9	profit	profit	NN
www-nature-com-63	125	10	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	125	11	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	125	12	expected	expect	VBN
www-nature-com-63	125	13	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	125	14	drop	drop	VB
www-nature-com-63	125	15	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	125	16	zero	zero	CD
www-nature-com-63	125	17	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	125	18	April	April	NNP
www-nature-com-63	125	19	2024	2024	CD
www-nature-com-63	125	20	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	125	21	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	125	22	suggests	suggest	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	125	23	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	125	24	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	125	25	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	125	26	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	125	27	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	125	28	gradually	gradually	RB
www-nature-com-63	125	29	stop	stop	VB
www-nature-com-63	125	30	mining	mine	VBG
www-nature-com-63	125	31	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	125	32	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	125	33	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	125	34	relocate	relocate	VB
www-nature-com-63	125	35	their	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	125	36	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	125	37	elsewhere	elsewhere	RB
www-nature-com-63	125	38	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	126	1	However	however	RB
www-nature-com-63	126	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	126	3	it	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	126	4	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	126	5	important	important	JJ
www-nature-com-63	126	6	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	126	7	note	note	VB
www-nature-com-63	126	8	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	126	9	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	126	10	entire	entire	JJ
www-nature-com-63	126	11	relocation	relocation	NN
www-nature-com-63	126	12	process	process	NN
www-nature-com-63	126	13	does	do	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	126	14	not	not	RB
www-nature-com-63	126	15	occur	occur	VB
www-nature-com-63	126	16	immediately	immediately	RB
www-nature-com-63	126	17	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	127	1	Miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	127	2	with	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	127	3	higher	high	JJR
www-nature-com-63	127	4	sunk	sunk	NN
www-nature-com-63	127	5	costs	cost	NNS
www-nature-com-63	127	6	tend	tend	VBP
www-nature-com-63	127	7	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	127	8	stay	stay	VB
www-nature-com-63	127	9	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	127	10	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	127	11	longer	long	RBR
www-nature-com-63	127	12	than	than	IN
www-nature-com-63	127	13	those	those	DT
www-nature-com-63	127	14	with	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	127	15	lower	low	JJR
www-nature-com-63	127	16	sunk	sink	VBN
www-nature-com-63	127	17	costs	cost	NNS
www-nature-com-63	127	18	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	127	19	hoping	hope	VBG
www-nature-com-63	127	20	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	127	21	eventually	eventually	RB
www-nature-com-63	127	22	make	make	VB
www-nature-com-63	127	23	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	127	24	profit	profit	NN
www-nature-com-63	127	25	again	again	RB
www-nature-com-63	127	26	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	128	1	Consequently	consequently	RB
www-nature-com-63	128	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	128	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	128	4	overall	overall	JJ
www-nature-com-63	128	5	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	128	6	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	128	7	associated	associate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	128	8	with	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	128	9	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	128	10	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	128	11	remains	remain	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	128	12	positive	positive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	128	13	until	until	IN
www-nature-com-63	128	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	128	15	end	end	NN
www-nature-com-63	128	16	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	128	17	2030	2030	CD
www-nature-com-63	128	18	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	128	19	at	at	IN
www-nature-com-63	128	20	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	128	21	time	time	NN
www-nature-com-63	128	22	almost	almost	RB
www-nature-com-63	128	23	all	all	DT
www-nature-com-63	128	24	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	128	25	would	would	MD
www-nature-com-63	128	26	have	have	VB
www-nature-com-63	128	27	relocated	relocate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	128	28	elsewhere	elsewhere	RB
www-nature-com-63	128	29	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	129	1	Correspondingly	correspondingly	RB
www-nature-com-63	129	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	129	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	129	4	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	129	5	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	129	6	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	129	7	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	129	8	computed	compute	VBN
www-nature-com-63	129	9	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	129	10	reach	reach	VB
www-nature-com-63	129	11	1775	1775	CD
www-nature-com-63	129	12	EH	EH	NNP
www-nature-com-63	129	13	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	129	14	second	second	NN
www-nature-com-63	129	15	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	129	16	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	129	17	BM	BM	NNP
www-nature-com-63	129	18	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	129	19	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	129	20	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	129	21	miner	miner	NN
www-nature-com-63	129	22	total	total	NN
www-nature-com-63	129	23	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	129	24	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	129	25	reach	reach	VB
www-nature-com-63	129	26	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	129	27	maximum	maximum	NN
www-nature-com-63	129	28	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	129	29	1268	1268	CD
www-nature-com-63	129	30	million	million	CD
www-nature-com-63	129	31	dollars	dollar	NNS
www-nature-com-63	129	32	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	130	1	Comparing	compare	VBG
www-nature-com-63	130	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	130	3	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	130	4	results	result	NNS
www-nature-com-63	130	5	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	130	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	130	7	three	three	CD
www-nature-com-63	130	8	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	130	9	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	130	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	130	11	profitability	profitability	NN
www-nature-com-63	130	12	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	130	13	mining	mine	VBG
www-nature-com-63	130	14	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	130	15	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	130	16	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	130	17	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	130	18	expected	expect	VBN
www-nature-com-63	130	19	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	130	20	deteriorate	deteriorate	VB
www-nature-com-63	130	21	more	more	RBR
www-nature-com-63	130	22	quickly	quickly	RB
www-nature-com-63	130	23	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	130	24	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	130	25	CT	CT	NNP
www-nature-com-63	130	26	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	130	27	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	131	1	On	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	131	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	131	3	other	other	JJ
www-nature-com-63	131	4	hand	hand	NN
www-nature-com-63	131	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	131	6	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	131	7	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	131	8	can	can	MD
www-nature-com-63	131	9	maintain	maintain	VB
www-nature-com-63	131	10	profitability	profitability	NN
www-nature-com-63	131	11	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	131	12	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	131	13	longer	long	JJR
www-nature-com-63	131	14	period	period	NN
www-nature-com-63	131	15	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	131	16	MA	MA	NNP
www-nature-com-63	131	17	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	131	18	SR	SR	NNP
www-nature-com-63	131	19	scenarios	scenario	NNS
www-nature-com-63	131	20	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	132	1	Some	some	DT
www-nature-com-63	132	2	attractive	attractive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	132	3	conclusions	conclusion	NNS
www-nature-com-63	132	4	can	can	MD
www-nature-com-63	132	5	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	132	6	drawn	draw	VBN
www-nature-com-63	132	7	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	132	8	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	132	9	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	132	10	results	result	NNS
www-nature-com-63	132	11	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	132	12	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	132	13	simulation	simulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	132	14	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	132	15	although	although	IN
www-nature-com-63	132	16	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	132	17	MA	MA	NNP
www-nature-com-63	132	18	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	132	19	enhances	enhance	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	132	20	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	132	21	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	132	22	access	access	NN
www-nature-com-63	132	23	standard	standard	JJ
www-nature-com-63	132	24	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	132	25	increase	increase	VB
www-nature-com-63	132	26	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	132	27	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	132	28	’	’	POS
www-nature-com-63	132	29	efficiencies	efficiency	NNS
www-nature-com-63	132	30	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	132	31	it	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	132	32	actually	actually	RB
www-nature-com-63	132	33	raises	raise	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	132	34	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	132	35	rather	rather	RB
www-nature-com-63	132	36	than	than	IN
www-nature-com-63	132	37	reduces	reduce	NNS
www-nature-com-63	132	38	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	132	39	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	132	40	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	132	41	output	output	NN
www-nature-com-63	132	42	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	132	43	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	132	44	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	132	45	simulation	simulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	132	46	outcome	outcome	NN
www-nature-com-63	132	47	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	133	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	133	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	133	3	MA	MA	NNP
www-nature-com-63	133	4	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	133	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	133	6	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	133	7	observe	observe	VBP
www-nature-com-63	133	8	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	133	9	phenomenon	phenomenon	NN
www-nature-com-63	133	10	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	133	11	incentive	incentive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	133	12	effects	effect	NNS
www-nature-com-63	133	13	proposed	propose	VBN
www-nature-com-63	133	14	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	133	15	previous	previous	JJ
www-nature-com-63	133	16	works	work	NNS
www-nature-com-63	133	17	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	133	18	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	133	19	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	133	20	identified	identify	VBN
www-nature-com-63	133	21	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	133	22	other	other	JJ
www-nature-com-63	133	23	fields	field	NNS
www-nature-com-63	133	24	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	133	25	industrial	industrial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	133	26	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	133	27	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	133	28	such	such	JJ
www-nature-com-63	133	29	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	133	30	monetary	monetary	JJ
www-nature-com-63	133	31	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	133	32	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	133	33	transportation	transportation	NN
www-nature-com-63	133	34	regulations	regulation	NNS
www-nature-com-63	133	35	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	133	36	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	133	37	firm	firm	JJ
www-nature-com-63	133	38	investment	investment	NN
www-nature-com-63	133	39	strategies24–26	strategies24–26	NN
www-nature-com-63	133	40	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	134	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	134	2	essence	essence	NN
www-nature-com-63	134	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	134	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	134	5	purpose	purpose	NN
www-nature-com-63	134	6	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	134	7	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	134	8	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	134	9	access	access	NN
www-nature-com-63	134	10	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	134	11	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	134	12	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	134	13	limit	limit	VB
www-nature-com-63	134	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	134	15	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	134	16	operations	operation	NNS
www-nature-com-63	134	17	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	134	18	low	low	JJ
www-nature-com-63	134	19	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	134	20	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	134	21	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	134	22	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	134	23	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	134	24	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	134	25	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	135	1	However	however	RB
www-nature-com-63	135	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	135	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	135	4	surviving	survive	VBG
www-nature-com-63	135	5	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	135	6	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	135	7	all	all	RB
www-nature-com-63	135	8	devoted	devoted	JJ
www-nature-com-63	135	9	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	135	10	squeezing	squeeze	VBG
www-nature-com-63	135	11	more	more	JJR
www-nature-com-63	135	12	proportion	proportion	NN
www-nature-com-63	135	13	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	135	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	135	15	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	135	16	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	135	17	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	135	18	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	135	19	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	135	20	enables	enable	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	135	21	them	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	135	22	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	135	23	stay	stay	VB
www-nature-com-63	135	24	profitable	profitable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	135	25	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	135	26	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	135	27	longer	long	JJR
www-nature-com-63	135	28	period	period	NN
www-nature-com-63	135	29	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	136	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	136	2	addition	addition	NN
www-nature-com-63	136	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	136	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	136	5	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	136	6	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	136	7	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	136	8	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	136	9	generates	generate	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	136	10	more	more	JJR
www-nature-com-63	136	11	CO2	CO2	NNP
www-nature-com-63	136	12	emissions	emission	NNS
www-nature-com-63	136	13	under	under	IN
www-nature-com-63	136	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	136	15	MA	MA	NNP
www-nature-com-63	136	16	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	136	17	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	136	18	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	136	19	can	can	MD
www-nature-com-63	136	20	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	136	21	mainly	mainly	RB
www-nature-com-63	136	22	attributed	attribute	VBN
www-nature-com-63	136	23	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	136	24	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	136	25	Proof	Proof	NNP
www-nature-com-63	136	26	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	136	27	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	136	28	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	136	29	Work	work	NN
www-nature-com-63	136	30	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	136	31	PoW	PoW	NNP
www-nature-com-63	136	32	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	136	33	algorithm	algorithm	NN
www-nature-com-63	136	34	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	136	35	profit	profit	NN
www-nature-com-63	136	36	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	136	37	pursuit	pursuit	NN
www-nature-com-63	136	38	behaviors	behavior	NNS
www-nature-com-63	136	39	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	136	40	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	136	41	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	136	42	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	137	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	137	2	results	result	NNS
www-nature-com-63	137	3	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	137	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	137	5	MA	MA	NNP
www-nature-com-63	137	6	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	137	7	indicate	indicate	VBP
www-nature-com-63	137	8	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	137	9	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	137	10	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	137	11	related	relate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	137	12	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	137	13	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	137	14	likely	likely	JJ
www-nature-com-63	137	15	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	137	16	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	137	17	less	less	RBR
www-nature-com-63	137	18	effective	effective	JJ
www-nature-com-63	137	19	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	137	20	dealing	deal	VBG
www-nature-com-63	137	21	with	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	137	22	high	high	JJ
www-nature-com-63	137	23	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	137	24	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	137	25	behaviors	behavior	NNS
www-nature-com-63	137	26	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	137	27	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	137	28	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	137	29	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	137	30	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	137	31	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	138	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	138	2	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	138	3	taxation	taxation	NN
www-nature-com-63	138	4	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	138	5	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	138	6	widely	widely	RB
www-nature-com-63	138	7	acknowledged	acknowledge	VBN
www-nature-com-63	138	8	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	138	9	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	138	10	most	most	RBS
www-nature-com-63	138	11	effective	effective	JJ
www-nature-com-63	138	12	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	138	13	most	most	RBS
www-nature-com-63	138	14	commonly	commonly	RB
www-nature-com-63	138	15	implemented	implement	VBN
www-nature-com-63	138	16	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	138	17	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	138	18	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	138	19	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	138	20	reduction27	reduction27	NN
www-nature-com-63	138	21	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	139	1	However	however	RB
www-nature-com-63	139	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	139	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	139	4	simulation	simulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	139	5	results	result	NNS
www-nature-com-63	139	6	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	139	7	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	139	8	CT	CT	NNP
www-nature-com-63	139	9	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	139	10	indicate	indicate	VBP
www-nature-com-63	139	11	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	139	12	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	139	13	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	139	14	only	only	RB
www-nature-com-63	139	15	provides	provide	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	139	16	limited	limited	JJ
www-nature-com-63	139	17	effective-	effective-	JJ
www-nature-com-63	139	18	ness	ness	NN
www-nature-com-63	139	19	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	139	20	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	139	21	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	139	22	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	139	23	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	140	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	140	2	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	140	3	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	140	4	patterns	pattern	NNS
www-nature-com-63	140	5	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	140	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	140	7	CT	CT	NNP
www-nature-com-63	140	8	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	140	9	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	140	10	consistent	consistent	JJ
www-nature-com-63	140	11	with	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	140	12	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	140	13	BM	BM	NNP
www-nature-com-63	140	14	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	140	15	until	until	IN
www-nature-com-63	140	16	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	140	17	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	140	18	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	140	19	aware	aware	JJ
www-nature-com-63	140	20	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	140	21	their	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	140	22	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	140	23	profits	profit	NNS
www-nature-com-63	140	24	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	140	25	affected	affect	VBN
www-nature-com-63	140	26	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	140	27	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	140	28	punitive	punitive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	140	29	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	140	30	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	140	31	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	140	32	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	140	33	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	140	34	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	141	1	On	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	141	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	141	3	contrary	contrary	NN
www-nature-com-63	141	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	141	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	141	6	evidence	evidence	NN
www-nature-com-63	141	7	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	141	8	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	141	9	SR	SR	NNP
www-nature-com-63	141	10	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	141	11	shows	show	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	141	12	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	141	13	it	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	141	14	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	141	15	able	able	JJ
www-nature-com-63	141	16	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	141	17	provide	provide	VB
www-nature-com-63	141	18	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	141	19	negative	negative	JJ
www-nature-com-63	141	20	feedback	feedback	NN
www-nature-com-63	141	21	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	141	22	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	141	23	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	141	24	emissions	emission	NNS
www-nature-com-63	141	25	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	141	26	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	141	27	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	141	28	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	141	29	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	142	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	142	2	our	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	142	3	simulation	simulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	142	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	142	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	142	6	maximized	maximize	VBN
www-nature-com-63	142	7	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	142	8	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	142	9	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	142	10	GDP	GDP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	142	11	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	142	12	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	142	13	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	142	14	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	142	15	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	142	16	halved	halve	VBN
www-nature-com-63	142	17	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	142	18	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	142	19	SR	SR	NNP
www-nature-com-63	142	20	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	142	21	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	142	22	comparison	comparison	NN
www-nature-com-63	142	23	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	142	24	that	that	DT
www-nature-com-63	142	25	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	142	26	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	142	27	BM	BM	NNP
www-nature-com-63	142	28	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	142	29	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	143	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	143	2	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	143	3	interesting	interesting	JJ
www-nature-com-63	143	4	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	143	5	note	note	VB
www-nature-com-63	143	6	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	143	7	although	although	IN
www-nature-com-63	143	8	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	143	9	peak	peak	NN
www-nature-com-63	143	10	annualized	annualize	VBD
www-nature-com-63	143	11	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	143	12	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	143	13	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	143	14	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	143	15	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	143	16	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	143	17	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	143	18	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	143	19	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	143	20	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	143	21	SR	SR	NNP
www-nature-com-63	143	22	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	143	23	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	143	24	higher	high	JJR
www-nature-com-63	143	25	than	than	IN
www-nature-com-63	143	26	that	that	DT
www-nature-com-63	143	27	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	143	28	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	143	29	BM	BM	NNP
www-nature-com-63	143	30	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	143	31	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	143	32	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	143	33	significantly	significantly	RB
www-nature-com-63	143	34	higher	high	JJR
www-nature-com-63	143	35	proportion	proportion	NN
www-nature-com-63	143	36	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	143	37	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	143	38	have	have	VBP
www-nature-com-63	143	39	NATURE	NATURE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	143	40	COMMUNICATIONS	communication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	143	41	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	143	42	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	143	43	ARTICLE	article	NN
www-nature-com-63	143	44	NATURE	NATURE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	143	45	COMMUNICATIONS	communication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	143	46	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	143	47	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	143	48	2021	2021	CD
www-nature-com-63	143	49	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	143	50	12:1938	12:1938	CD
www-nature-com-63	143	51	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	143	52	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	143	53	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	143	54	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	143	55	5	5	CD
www-nature-com-63	143	56	http://www.ceads.net	http://www.ceads.net	NN
www-nature-com-63	143	57	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	143	58	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	143	59	Fig	Fig	NNP
www-nature-com-63	143	60	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	144	1	4	4	CD
www-nature-com-63	144	2	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	144	3	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	144	4	assessment	assessment	NN
www-nature-com-63	144	5	comparisons	comparison	NNS
www-nature-com-63	144	6	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	145	1	a	a	LS
www-nature-com-63	145	2	–	–	:
www-nature-com-63	145	3	i	i	PRP
www-nature-com-63	145	4	Monthly	monthly	JJ
www-nature-com-63	145	5	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	6	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	7	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	8	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	145	9	a	a	LS
www-nature-com-63	145	10	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	145	11	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	145	12	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	13	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	14	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	145	15	GDP	GDP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	145	16	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	145	17	b	b	NNP
www-nature-com-63	145	18	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	145	19	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	145	20	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	21	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	22	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	145	23	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	145	24	c	c	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	25	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	145	26	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	145	27	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	28	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	29	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	30	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	145	31	d	d	NNP
www-nature-com-63	145	32	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	145	33	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	145	34	miner	miner	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	35	cumulative	cumulative	JJ
www-nature-com-63	145	36	profits	profit	NNS
www-nature-com-63	145	37	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	145	38	e	e	NNP
www-nature-com-63	145	39	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	145	40	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	145	41	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	42	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	43	difficulty	difficulty	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	44	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	145	45	f	f	NNP
www-nature-com-63	145	46	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	145	47	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	145	48	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	49	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	50	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	51	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	145	52	g	g	NNP
www-nature-com-63	145	53	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	145	54	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	145	55	miner	miner	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	56	profit	profit	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	57	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	58	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	145	59	h	h	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	60	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	145	61	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	145	62	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	145	63	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	64	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	65	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	66	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	145	67	i	i	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	68	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	145	69	under	under	IN
www-nature-com-63	145	70	each	each	DT
www-nature-com-63	145	71	intended	intend	VBN
www-nature-com-63	145	72	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	73	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	145	74	simulated	simulate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	145	75	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	145	76	calculated	calculate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	145	77	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	145	78	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	145	79	framework	framework	NN
www-nature-com-63	145	80	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	146	1	Based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	146	2	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	146	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	146	4	regressed	regress	VBN
www-nature-com-63	146	5	parameters	parameter	NNS
www-nature-com-63	146	6	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	146	7	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	146	8	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	146	9	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	146	10	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	146	11	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	146	12	whole	whole	JJ
www-nature-com-63	146	13	sample	sample	NN
www-nature-com-63	146	14	timesteps	timestep	NNS
www-nature-com-63	146	15	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	146	16	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	146	17	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	146	18	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	146	19	assessment	assessment	NN
www-nature-com-63	146	20	cover	cover	VBP
www-nature-com-63	146	21	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	146	22	period	period	NN
www-nature-com-63	146	23	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	146	24	January	January	NNP
www-nature-com-63	146	25	2014	2014	CD
www-nature-com-63	146	26	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	146	27	January	January	NNP
www-nature-com-63	146	28	2030	2030	CD
www-nature-com-63	146	29	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	147	1	Fig	fig	NN
www-nature-com-63	147	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	148	1	3	3	CD
www-nature-com-63	148	2	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	148	3	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	148	4	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	148	5	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	148	6	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	148	7	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	148	8	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	148	9	comparisons	comparison	NNS
www-nature-com-63	148	10	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	149	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	149	2	Fig	Fig	NNP
www-nature-com-63	149	3	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	150	1	3	3	LS
www-nature-com-63	150	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	150	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	150	4	peak	peak	NN
www-nature-com-63	150	5	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	150	6	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	150	7	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	150	8	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	150	9	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	150	10	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	150	11	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	150	12	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	150	13	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	150	14	compared	compare	VBN
www-nature-com-63	150	15	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	150	16	national	national	JJ
www-nature-com-63	150	17	level	level	NN
www-nature-com-63	150	18	emissions	emission	NNS
www-nature-com-63	150	19	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	150	20	other	other	JJ
www-nature-com-63	150	21	countries	country	NNS
www-nature-com-63	150	22	as	as	RB
www-nature-com-63	150	23	well	well	RB
www-nature-com-63	150	24	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	150	25	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	150	26	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	150	27	emissions	emission	NNS
www-nature-com-63	150	28	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	150	29	domestic	domestic	JJ
www-nature-com-63	150	30	cities	city	NNS
www-nature-com-63	150	31	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	150	32	industrial	industrial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	150	33	sectors	sector	NNS
www-nature-com-63	150	34	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	150	35	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	150	36	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	151	1	Annual	annual	JJ
www-nature-com-63	151	2	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	151	3	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	151	4	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	151	5	ranking	rank	VBG
www-nature-com-63	151	6	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	151	7	countries	country	NNS
www-nature-com-63	151	8	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	151	9	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	151	10	obtained	obtain	VBN
www-nature-com-63	151	11	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	151	12	cia.gov	cia.gov	NNP
www-nature-com-63	151	13	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	151	14	www.cia.gov	www.cia.gov	NNP
www-nature-com-63	151	15	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	151	16	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	151	17	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	151	18	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	151	19	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	151	20	ranking	rank	VBG
www-nature-com-63	151	21	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	151	22	countries	country	NNS
www-nature-com-63	151	23	b	b	LS
www-nature-com-63	151	24	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	151	25	collected	collect	VBN
www-nature-com-63	151	26	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	151	27	global	global	JJ
www-nature-com-63	151	28	carbonatlas	carbonatla	NNS
www-nature-com-63	151	29	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	151	30	www.globalcarbonatlas.org	www.globalcarbonatlas.org	NNP
www-nature-com-63	151	31	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	151	32	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	152	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	152	2	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	152	3	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	152	4	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	152	5	Chinese	chinese	JJ
www-nature-com-63	152	6	cities	city	NNS
www-nature-com-63	152	7	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	152	8	c	c	NN
www-nature-com-63	152	9	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	152	10	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	152	11	industrial	industrial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	152	12	sectors	sector	NNS
www-nature-com-63	152	13	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	152	14	d	d	NNP
www-nature-com-63	152	15	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	152	16	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	152	17	obtained	obtain	VBN
www-nature-com-63	152	18	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	152	19	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	152	20	Emission	Emission	NNP
www-nature-com-63	152	21	Accounts	Accounts	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	152	22	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	152	23	Datasets	Datasets	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	152	24	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	152	25	www.ceads.net	www.ceads.net	NN
www-nature-com-63	152	26	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	152	27	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	153	1	Due	due	IN
www-nature-com-63	153	2	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	153	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	153	4	unreleased	unreleased	JJ
www-nature-com-63	153	5	or	or	CC
www-nature-com-63	153	6	missing	miss	VBG
www-nature-com-63	153	7	data	datum	NNS
www-nature-com-63	153	8	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	153	9	some	some	DT
www-nature-com-63	153	10	database	database	NN
www-nature-com-63	153	11	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	153	12	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	153	13	above	above	JJ
www-nature-com-63	153	14	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	153	15	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	153	16	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	153	17	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	153	18	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	153	19	data	datum	NNS
www-nature-com-63	153	20	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	153	21	obtained	obtain	VBN
www-nature-com-63	153	22	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	153	23	2016	2016	CD
www-nature-com-63	153	24	level	level	NN
www-nature-com-63	153	25	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	154	1	ARTICLE	article	NN
www-nature-com-63	154	2	NATURE	NATURE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	154	3	COMMUNICATIONS	communication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	154	4	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	154	5	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	154	6	6	6	CD
www-nature-com-63	154	7	NATURE	NATURE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	154	8	COMMUNICATIONS	communication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	154	9	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	154	10	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	154	11	2021	2021	CD
www-nature-com-63	154	12	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	154	13	12:1938	12:1938	CD
www-nature-com-63	154	14	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	154	15	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	154	16	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	154	17	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	154	18	http://www.cia.gov	http://www.cia.gov	CD
www-nature-com-63	154	19	http://www.globalcarbonatlas.org	http://www.globalcarbonatlas.org	NN
www-nature-com-63	154	20	http://www.ceads.net	http://www.ceads.net	NNP
www-nature-com-63	154	21	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	154	22	relocated	relocate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	154	23	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	154	24	conduct	conduct	VB
www-nature-com-63	154	25	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	154	26	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	154	27	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	154	28	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	154	29	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	154	30	hydro	hydro	NNP
www-nature-com-63	154	31	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	154	32	rich	rich	JJ
www-nature-com-63	154	33	area	area	NN
www-nature-com-63	154	34	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	154	35	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	154	36	SR	SR	NNP
www-nature-com-63	154	37	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	154	38	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	155	1	Consequently	consequently	RB
www-nature-com-63	155	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	155	3	this	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	155	4	naturally	naturally	RB
www-nature-com-63	155	5	lowers	lower	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	155	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	155	7	associated	associated	NNP
www-nature-com-63	155	8	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	155	9	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	155	10	cost	cost	VBN
www-nature-com-63	155	11	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	155	12	comparison	comparison	NN
www-nature-com-63	155	13	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	155	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	155	15	BM	BM	NNP
www-nature-com-63	155	16	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	155	17	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	156	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	156	2	general	general	JJ
www-nature-com-63	156	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	156	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	156	5	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	156	6	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	156	7	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	156	8	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	156	9	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	156	10	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	156	11	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	156	12	still	still	RB
www-nature-com-63	156	13	far	far	RB
www-nature-com-63	156	14	exceeds	exceed	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	156	15	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	156	16	average	average	JJ
www-nature-com-63	156	17	industrial	industrial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	156	18	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	156	19	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	156	20	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	156	21	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	156	22	under	under	IN
www-nature-com-63	156	23	different	different	JJ
www-nature-com-63	156	24	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	156	25	interventions	intervention	NNS
www-nature-com-63	156	26	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	156	27	including	include	VBG
www-nature-com-63	156	28	limiting	limit	VBG
www-nature-com-63	156	29	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	156	30	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	156	31	access	access	NN
www-nature-com-63	156	32	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	156	33	altering	alter	VBG
www-nature-com-63	156	34	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	156	35	miner	miner	NNP
www-nature-com-63	156	36	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	156	37	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	156	38	structure	structure	NN
www-nature-com-63	156	39	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	156	40	implementing	implement	VBG
www-nature-com-63	156	41	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	156	42	emissions	emission	NNS
www-nature-com-63	156	43	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	156	44	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	157	1	This	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	157	2	result	result	NN
www-nature-com-63	157	3	indicates	indicate	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	157	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	157	5	stable	stable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	157	6	high	high	JJ
www-nature-com-63	157	7	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	157	8	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	157	9	property	property	NN
www-nature-com-63	157	10	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	157	11	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	157	12	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	157	13	operations	operation	NNS
www-nature-com-63	157	14	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	158	1	Nevertheless	nevertheless	RB
www-nature-com-63	158	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	158	3	it	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	158	4	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	158	5	rather	rather	RB
www-nature-com-63	158	6	surprising	surprising	JJ
www-nature-com-63	158	7	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	158	8	arrive	arrive	VB
www-nature-com-63	158	9	at	at	IN
www-nature-com-63	158	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	158	11	conclusion	conclusion	NN
www-nature-com-63	158	12	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	158	13	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	158	14	newly	newly	RB
www-nature-com-63	158	15	introduced	introduce	VBN
www-nature-com-63	158	16	cryptocurrency	cryptocurrency	NN
www-nature-com-63	158	17	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	158	18	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	158	19	disruptive	disruptive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	158	20	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	158	21	technology	technology	NN
www-nature-com-63	158	22	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	158	23	expected	expect	VBN
www-nature-com-63	158	24	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	158	25	become	become	VB
www-nature-com-63	158	26	an	an	DT
www-nature-com-63	158	27	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	158	28	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	158	29	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	158	30	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	158	31	intensive	intensive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	158	32	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	158	33	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	158	34	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	158	35	near	near	JJ
www-nature-com-63	158	36	future	future	NN
www-nature-com-63	158	37	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	159	1	Discussion	discussion	NN
www-nature-com-63	159	2	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	159	3	current	current	JJ
www-nature-com-63	159	4	Proof	proof	NN
www-nature-com-63	159	5	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	159	6	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	159	7	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	159	8	Work	work	NN
www-nature-com-63	159	9	consensus	consensus	NN
www-nature-com-63	159	10	algorithm	algorithm	NN
www-nature-com-63	159	11	used	use	VBN
www-nature-com-63	159	12	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	159	13	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	159	14	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	159	15	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	159	16	can	can	MD
www-nature-com-63	159	17	potentially	potentially	RB
www-nature-com-63	159	18	undermine	undermine	VB
www-nature-com-63	159	19	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	159	20	wide	wide	JJ
www-nature-com-63	159	21	imple-	imple-	NN
www-nature-com-63	159	22	mentation	mentation	NN
www-nature-com-63	159	23	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	159	24	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	159	25	operational	operational	JJ
www-nature-com-63	159	26	sustainability	sustainability	NN
www-nature-com-63	159	27	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	159	28	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	159	29	disruptive	disruptive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	159	30	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	159	31	technology	technology	NN
www-nature-com-63	159	32	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	160	1	Overall	overall	JJ
www-nature-com-63	160	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	160	3	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	160	4	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	160	5	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	160	6	typical	typical	JJ
www-nature-com-63	160	7	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	160	8	pioneer-	pioneer-	JJ
www-nature-com-63	160	9	ing	ing	NN
www-nature-com-63	160	10	implementation	implementation	NN
www-nature-com-63	160	11	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	160	12	blockchain	blockchain	JJ
www-nature-com-63	160	13	technology	technology	NN
www-nature-com-63	160	14	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	161	1	Its	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	161	2	decentralized	decentralized	JJ
www-nature-com-63	161	3	transaction	transaction	NN
www-nature-com-63	161	4	characteristics	characteristic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	161	5	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	161	6	consensus	consensus	NN
www-nature-com-63	161	7	algorithm	algorithm	NNP
www-nature-com-63	161	8	provide	provide	VBP
www-nature-com-63	161	9	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	161	10	novel	novel	JJ
www-nature-com-63	161	11	solution	solution	NN
www-nature-com-63	161	12	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	161	13	trust	trust	NN
www-nature-com-63	161	14	mechanism	mechanism	NN
www-nature-com-63	161	15	construction	construction	NN
www-nature-com-63	161	16	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	161	17	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	161	18	can	can	MD
www-nature-com-63	161	19	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	161	20	beneficial	beneficial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	161	21	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	161	22	innovative	innovative	JJ
www-nature-com-63	161	23	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	161	24	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	161	25	variety	variety	NN
www-nature-com-63	161	26	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	161	27	industrial	industrial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	161	28	development	development	NN
www-nature-com-63	161	29	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	161	30	remote	remote	JJ
www-nature-com-63	161	31	transactions	transaction	NNS
www-nature-com-63	161	32	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	162	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	162	2	recent	recent	JJ
www-nature-com-63	162	3	years	year	NNS
www-nature-com-63	162	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	162	5	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	162	6	technology	technology	NN
www-nature-com-63	162	7	has	have	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	162	8	been	be	VBN
www-nature-com-63	162	9	introduced	introduce	VBN
www-nature-com-63	162	10	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	162	11	adopted	adopt	VBN
www-nature-com-63	162	12	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	162	13	abundant	abundant	JJ
www-nature-com-63	162	14	traditional	traditional	JJ
www-nature-com-63	162	15	industries	industry	NNS
www-nature-com-63	162	16	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	162	17	seek	seek	VBP
www-nature-com-63	162	18	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	162	19	optimize	optimize	VB
www-nature-com-63	162	20	their	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	162	21	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	162	22	process	process	NN
www-nature-com-63	162	23	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	162	24	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	162	25	real	real	JJ
www-nature-com-63	162	26	world28	world28	CD
www-nature-com-63	162	27	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	162	28	such	such	JJ
www-nature-com-63	162	29	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	162	30	supply	supply	NN
www-nature-com-63	162	31	chain	chain	NN
www-nature-com-63	162	32	finance29	finance29	NNP
www-nature-com-63	162	33	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	162	34	smart	smart	JJ
www-nature-com-63	162	35	contract30	contract30	NNP
www-nature-com-63	162	36	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	162	37	international	international	JJ
www-nature-com-63	162	38	business	business	NN
www-nature-com-63	162	39	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	162	40	trade31	trade31	NNP
www-nature-com-63	162	41	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	162	42	as	as	RB
www-nature-com-63	162	43	well	well	RB
www-nature-com-63	162	44	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	162	45	manufacturing	manufacturing	NN
www-nature-com-63	162	46	operations32	operations32	NNP
www-nature-com-63	162	47	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	163	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	163	2	addition	addition	NN
www-nature-com-63	163	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	163	4	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	163	5	national	national	JJ
www-nature-com-63	163	6	digital	digital	JJ
www-nature-com-63	163	7	currency	currency	NN
www-nature-com-63	163	8	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	163	9	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	163	10	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	163	11	technology	technology	NN
www-nature-com-63	163	12	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	163	13	namely	namely	RB
www-nature-com-63	163	14	Digital	Digital	NNP
www-nature-com-63	163	15	Currency	Currency	NNP
www-nature-com-63	163	16	Electronic	Electronic	NNP
www-nature-com-63	163	17	Pay-	Pay-	NNP
www-nature-com-63	163	18	ment	ment	NN
www-nature-com-63	163	19	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	163	20	DCEP	DCEP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	163	21	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	163	22	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	163	23	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	163	24	scheduled	schedule	VBN
www-nature-com-63	163	25	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	163	26	designed	design	VBN
www-nature-com-63	163	27	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	163	28	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	163	29	People	People	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	163	30	’s	’s	NNP
www-nature-com-63	163	31	Bank	Bank	NNP
www-nature-com-63	163	32	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	163	33	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	163	34	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	163	35	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	163	36	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	163	37	expected	expect	VBN
www-nature-com-63	163	38	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	163	39	replace	replace	VB
www-nature-com-63	163	40	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	163	41	current	current	JJ
www-nature-com-63	163	42	paper	paper	NN
www-nature-com-63	163	43	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	163	44	currency-	currency-	NN
www-nature-com-63	163	45	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	163	46	M0	M0	NNP
www-nature-com-63	163	47	supply	supply	NN
www-nature-com-63	163	48	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	163	49	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	163	50	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	164	1	However	however	RB
www-nature-com-63	164	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	164	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	164	4	current	current	JJ
www-nature-com-63	164	5	consensus	consensus	NN
www-nature-com-63	164	6	algorithm	algorithm	NN
www-nature-com-63	164	7	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	164	8	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	164	9	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	164	10	namely	namely	RB
www-nature-com-63	164	11	Proof	Proof	NNP
www-nature-com-63	164	12	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	164	13	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	164	14	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	164	15	Work	work	NN
www-nature-com-63	164	16	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	164	17	gives	give	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	164	18	rise	rise	NN
www-nature-com-63	164	19	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	164	20	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	164	21	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	164	22	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	164	23	competitions	competition	NNS
www-nature-com-63	164	24	among	among	IN
www-nature-com-63	164	25	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	164	26	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	164	27	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	164	28	its	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	164	29	potential	potential	JJ
www-nature-com-63	164	30	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	164	31	reward	reward	NN
www-nature-com-63	164	32	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	164	33	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	164	34	attracts	attract	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	164	35	an	an	DT
www-nature-com-63	164	36	increasing	increase	VBG
www-nature-com-63	164	37	number	number	NN
www-nature-com-63	164	38	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	164	39	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	164	40	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	164	41	engage	engage	VB
www-nature-com-63	164	42	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	164	43	an	an	DT
www-nature-com-63	164	44	arms	arm	NNS
www-nature-com-63	164	45	race	race	NN
www-nature-com-63	164	46	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	164	47	raise	raise	VB
www-nature-com-63	164	48	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	164	49	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	164	50	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	164	51	volumes	volume	NNS
www-nature-com-63	164	52	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	164	53	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	164	54	whole	whole	JJ
www-nature-com-63	164	55	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	164	56	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	164	57	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	165	1	As	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	165	2	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	165	3	result	result	NN
www-nature-com-63	165	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	165	5	although	although	IN
www-nature-com-63	165	6	PoW	pow	NN
www-nature-com-63	165	7	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	165	8	designed	design	VBN
www-nature-com-63	165	9	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	165	10	decentralize	decentralize	VB
www-nature-com-63	165	11	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	165	12	transactions	transaction	NNS
www-nature-com-63	165	13	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	165	14	prevent	prevent	VB
www-nature-com-63	165	15	inflation	inflation	NN
www-nature-com-63	165	16	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	165	17	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	165	18	find	find	VBP
www-nature-com-63	165	19	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	165	20	it	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	165	21	would	would	MD
www-nature-com-63	165	22	become	become	VB
www-nature-com-63	165	23	an	an	DT
www-nature-com-63	165	24	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	165	25	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	165	26	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	165	27	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	165	28	intensive	intensive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	165	29	protocol	protocol	NN
www-nature-com-63	165	30	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	165	31	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	165	32	eventually	eventually	RB
www-nature-com-63	165	33	leads	lead	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	165	34	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	165	35	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	165	36	high	high	JJ
www-nature-com-63	165	37	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	165	38	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	165	39	patterns	pattern	NNS
www-nature-com-63	165	40	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	165	41	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	165	42	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	165	43	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	165	44	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	165	45	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	165	46	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	166	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	166	2	evidence	evidence	NN
www-nature-com-63	166	3	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	166	4	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	166	5	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	166	6	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	166	7	suggests	suggest	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	166	8	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	166	9	with	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	166	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	166	11	broaden	broaden	NN
www-nature-com-63	166	12	usages	usage	NNS
www-nature-com-63	166	13	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	166	14	applications	application	NNS
www-nature-com-63	166	15	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	166	16	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	166	17	technology	technology	NN
www-nature-com-63	166	18	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	166	19	new	new	JJ
www-nature-com-63	166	20	protocols	protocol	NNS
www-nature-com-63	166	21	should	should	MD
www-nature-com-63	166	22	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	166	23	designed	design	VBN
www-nature-com-63	166	24	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	166	25	scheduled	schedule	VBN
www-nature-com-63	166	26	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	166	27	an	an	DT
www-nature-com-63	166	28	environmentally	environmentally	RB
www-nature-com-63	166	29	friendly	friendly	JJ
www-nature-com-63	166	30	manner	manner	NN
www-nature-com-63	166	31	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	167	1	This	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	167	2	change	change	NN
www-nature-com-63	167	3	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	167	4	necessary	necessary	JJ
www-nature-com-63	167	5	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	167	6	ensure	ensure	VB
www-nature-com-63	167	7	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	167	8	sustainability	sustainability	NN
www-nature-com-63	167	9	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	167	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	167	11	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	167	12	—	—	:
www-nature-com-63	167	13	after	after	RB
www-nature-com-63	167	14	all	all	RB
www-nature-com-63	167	15	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	167	16	no	no	DT
www-nature-com-63	167	17	one	one	NN
www-nature-com-63	167	18	wants	want	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	167	19	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	167	20	witness	witness	VB
www-nature-com-63	167	21	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	167	22	disruptive	disruptive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	167	23	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	167	24	promising	promising	JJ
www-nature-com-63	167	25	technique	technique	NN
www-nature-com-63	167	26	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	167	27	become	become	VB
www-nature-com-63	167	28	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	167	29	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	167	30	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	167	31	intensive	intensive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	167	32	technology	technology	NN
www-nature-com-63	167	33	that	that	WDT
www-nature-com-63	167	34	hinders	hinder	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	167	35	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	167	36	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	167	37	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	167	38	reduction	reduction	NN
www-nature-com-63	167	39	efforts	effort	NNS
www-nature-com-63	167	40	around	around	IN
www-nature-com-63	167	41	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	167	42	world	world	NN
www-nature-com-63	167	43	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	168	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	168	2	auditable	auditable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	168	3	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	168	4	decentralized	decentralize	VBD
www-nature-com-63	168	5	transaction	transaction	NN
www-nature-com-63	168	6	properties	property	NNS
www-nature-com-63	168	7	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	168	8	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	168	9	provide	provide	VBP
www-nature-com-63	168	10	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	168	11	novel	novel	JJ
www-nature-com-63	168	12	solution	solution	NN
www-nature-com-63	168	13	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	168	14	trust	trust	NN
www-nature-com-63	168	15	mechanism	mechanism	NN
www-nature-com-63	168	16	construction	construction	NN
www-nature-com-63	168	17	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	168	18	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	168	19	can	can	MD
www-nature-com-63	168	20	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	168	21	bene-	bene-	VBN
www-nature-com-63	168	22	ficial	ficial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	168	23	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	168	24	innovative	innovative	JJ
www-nature-com-63	168	25	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	168	26	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	168	27	variety	variety	NN
www-nature-com-63	168	28	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	168	29	industrial	industrial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	168	30	development	development	NN
www-nature-com-63	168	31	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	168	32	remote	remote	JJ
www-nature-com-63	168	33	transactions	transaction	NNS
www-nature-com-63	168	34	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	169	1	However	however	RB
www-nature-com-63	169	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	169	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	169	4	high	high	JJ
www-nature-com-63	169	5	GHG	GHG	NNP
www-nature-com-63	169	6	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	169	7	behavior	behavior	NN
www-nature-com-63	169	8	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	169	9	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	169	10	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	169	11	may	may	MD
www-nature-com-63	169	12	pose	pose	VB
www-nature-com-63	169	13	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	169	14	barrier	barrier	NN
www-nature-com-63	169	15	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	169	16	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	169	17	worldwide	worldwide	JJ
www-nature-com-63	169	18	effort	effort	NN
www-nature-com-63	169	19	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	169	20	GHG	GHG	NNP
www-nature-com-63	169	21	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	169	22	management	management	NN
www-nature-com-63	169	23	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	169	24	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	169	25	near	near	JJ
www-nature-com-63	169	26	future	future	NN
www-nature-com-63	169	27	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	170	1	As	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	170	2	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	170	3	result	result	NN
www-nature-com-63	170	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	170	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	170	6	above	above	JJ
www-nature-com-63	170	7	tradeoff	tradeoff	NN
www-nature-com-63	170	8	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	170	9	worthy	worthy	JJ
www-nature-com-63	170	10	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	170	11	future	future	JJ
www-nature-com-63	170	12	exploration	exploration	NN
www-nature-com-63	170	13	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	170	14	investigation	investigation	NN
www-nature-com-63	170	15	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	171	1	Different	different	JJ
www-nature-com-63	171	2	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	171	3	traditional	traditional	JJ
www-nature-com-63	171	4	industries	industry	NNS
www-nature-com-63	171	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	171	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	171	7	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	171	8	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	171	9	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	171	10	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	171	11	emerging	emerge	VBG
www-nature-com-63	171	12	industries	industry	NNS
www-nature-com-63	171	13	such	such	JJ
www-nature-com-63	171	14	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	171	15	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	171	16	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	171	17	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	171	18	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	171	19	unaccounted	unaccounted	JJ
www-nature-com-63	171	20	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	171	21	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	171	22	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	171	23	current	current	JJ
www-nature-com-63	171	24	GDP	gdp	NN
www-nature-com-63	171	25	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	171	26	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	171	27	emissions	emission	NNS
www-nature-com-63	171	28	cal-	cal-	NN
www-nature-com-63	171	29	culations	culation	NNS
www-nature-com-63	171	30	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	172	1	Without	without	IN
www-nature-com-63	172	2	proper	proper	JJ
www-nature-com-63	172	3	accounting	accounting	NN
www-nature-com-63	172	4	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	172	5	regulation	regulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	172	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	172	7	it	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	172	8	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	172	9	rather	rather	RB
www-nature-com-63	172	10	challenging	challenge	VBG
www-nature-com-63	172	11	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	172	12	assess	assess	VB
www-nature-com-63	172	13	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	172	14	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	172	15	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	172	16	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	172	17	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	172	18	these	these	DT
www-nature-com-63	172	19	new	new	JJ
www-nature-com-63	172	20	industries	industry	NNS
www-nature-com-63	172	21	using	use	VBG
www-nature-com-63	172	22	traditional	traditional	JJ
www-nature-com-63	172	23	tools	tool	NNS
www-nature-com-63	172	24	such	such	JJ
www-nature-com-63	172	25	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	172	26	input	input	NN
www-nature-com-63	172	27	–	–	:
www-nature-com-63	172	28	output	output	NN
www-nature-com-63	172	29	analysis	analysis	NN
www-nature-com-63	172	30	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	173	1	Through	through	IN
www-nature-com-63	173	2	system	system	NN
www-nature-com-63	173	3	dynamics	dynamic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	173	4	modeling	modeling	NN
www-nature-com-63	173	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	173	6	our	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	173	7	analysis	analysis	NN
www-nature-com-63	173	8	constructs	construct	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	173	9	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	173	10	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	173	11	feedback	feedback	NN
www-nature-com-63	173	12	loops	loop	NNS
www-nature-com-63	173	13	as	as	RB
www-nature-com-63	173	14	well	well	RB
www-nature-com-63	173	15	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	173	16	captures	capture	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	173	17	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	173	18	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	173	19	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	173	20	patterns	pattern	NNS
www-nature-com-63	173	21	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	174	1	Furthermore	furthermore	RB
www-nature-com-63	174	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	174	3	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	174	4	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	174	5	able	able	JJ
www-nature-com-63	174	6	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	174	7	conduct	conduct	VB
www-nature-com-63	174	8	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	174	9	assess-	assess-	IN
www-nature-com-63	174	10	ment	ment	JJ
www-nature-com-63	174	11	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	174	12	evaluate	evaluate	VB
www-nature-com-63	174	13	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	174	14	effectiveness	effectiveness	NN
www-nature-com-63	174	15	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	174	16	various	various	JJ
www-nature-com-63	174	17	potential	potential	JJ
www-nature-com-63	174	18	imple-	imple-	NNS
www-nature-com-63	174	19	mentable	mentable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	174	20	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	174	21	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	175	1	Through	through	IN
www-nature-com-63	175	2	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	175	3	analysis	analysis	NN
www-nature-com-63	175	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	175	5	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	175	6	show	show	VBP
www-nature-com-63	175	7	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	175	8	moving	move	VBG
www-nature-com-63	175	9	away	away	RB
www-nature-com-63	175	10	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	175	11	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	175	12	current	current	JJ
www-nature-com-63	175	13	punitive	punitive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	175	14	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	175	15	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	175	16	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	175	17	con-	con-	NN
www-nature-com-63	175	18	sensus	sensu	VBD
www-nature-com-63	175	19	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	175	20	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	175	21	site	site	NN
www-nature-com-63	175	22	regulation	regulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	175	23	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	175	24	SR	SR	NNP
www-nature-com-63	175	25	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	175	26	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	175	27	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	175	28	induces	induce	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	175	29	changes	change	NNS
www-nature-com-63	175	30	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	175	31	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	175	32	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	175	33	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	175	34	structure	structure	NN
www-nature-com-63	175	35	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	175	36	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	175	37	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	175	38	activities	activity	NNS
www-nature-com-63	175	39	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	175	40	more	more	RBR
www-nature-com-63	175	41	effective	effective	JJ
www-nature-com-63	175	42	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	175	43	limiting	limit	VBG
www-nature-com-63	175	44	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	175	45	total	total	JJ
www-nature-com-63	175	46	amount	amount	NN
www-nature-com-63	175	47	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	175	48	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	175	49	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	175	50	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	175	51	Bit-	Bit-	NNP
www-nature-com-63	175	52	coin	coin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	175	53	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	175	54	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	175	55	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	176	1	Overall	overall	RB
www-nature-com-63	176	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	176	3	our	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	176	4	results	result	NNS
www-nature-com-63	176	5	have	have	VBP
www-nature-com-63	176	6	demonstrated	demonstrate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	176	7	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	176	8	system	system	NN
www-nature-com-63	176	9	dynamics	dynamic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	176	10	modeling	modeling	NN
www-nature-com-63	176	11	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	176	12	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	176	13	promising	promising	JJ
www-nature-com-63	176	14	approach	approach	NN
www-nature-com-63	176	15	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	176	16	investigate	investigate	VB
www-nature-com-63	176	17	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	176	18	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	176	19	flow	flow	NN
www-nature-com-63	176	20	mechanisms	mechanism	NNS
www-nature-com-63	176	21	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	176	22	emerging	emerge	VBG
www-nature-com-63	176	23	industries	industry	NNS
www-nature-com-63	176	24	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	177	1	At	at	IN
www-nature-com-63	177	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	177	3	same	same	JJ
www-nature-com-63	177	4	time	time	NN
www-nature-com-63	177	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	177	6	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	177	7	acknowledge	acknowledge	VBP
www-nature-com-63	177	8	there	there	EX
www-nature-com-63	177	9	exists	exist	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	177	10	some	some	DT
www-nature-com-63	177	11	limitations	limitation	NNS
www-nature-com-63	177	12	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	177	13	our	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	177	14	study	study	NN
www-nature-com-63	177	15	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	177	16	outline	outline	VB
www-nature-com-63	177	17	future	future	JJ
www-nature-com-63	177	18	directions	direction	NNS
www-nature-com-63	177	19	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	177	20	research	research	NN
www-nature-com-63	177	21	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	178	1	First	first	RB
www-nature-com-63	178	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	178	3	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	178	4	reflect	reflect	VB
www-nature-com-63	178	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	178	6	true	true	JJ
www-nature-com-63	178	7	designed	design	VBN
www-nature-com-63	178	8	fundamental	fundamental	JJ
www-nature-com-63	178	9	value	value	NN
www-nature-com-63	178	10	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	178	11	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	178	12	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	178	13	intended	intend	VBN
www-nature-com-63	178	14	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	178	15	Nakamoto	Nakamoto	NNP
www-nature-com-63	178	16	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	178	17	our	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	178	18	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	178	19	assumes	assume	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	178	20	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	178	21	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	178	22	long	long	JJ
www-nature-com-63	178	23	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	178	24	term	term	NN
www-nature-com-63	178	25	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	178	26	price	price	NN
www-nature-com-63	178	27	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	178	28	primarily	primarily	RB
www-nature-com-63	178	29	influenced	influence	VBN
www-nature-com-63	178	30	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	178	31	halving	halve	VBG
www-nature-com-63	178	32	mechanism	mechanism	NN
www-nature-com-63	178	33	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	178	34	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	178	35	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	178	36	rewards	reward	NNS
www-nature-com-63	178	37	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	178	38	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	178	39	subjected	subject	VBN
www-nature-com-63	178	40	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	178	41	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	178	42	linear	linear	JJ
www-nature-com-63	178	43	increase	increase	NN
www-nature-com-63	178	44	every	every	DT
www-nature-com-63	178	45	time	time	NN
www-nature-com-63	178	46	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	178	47	reward	reward	NN
www-nature-com-63	178	48	halving	halving	NN
www-nature-com-63	178	49	occurs	occur	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	178	50	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	179	1	While	while	IN
www-nature-com-63	179	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	179	3	historical	historical	JJ
www-nature-com-63	179	4	average	average	JJ
www-nature-com-63	179	5	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	179	6	price	price	NN
www-nature-com-63	179	7	between	between	IN
www-nature-com-63	179	8	each	each	DT
www-nature-com-63	179	9	reward	reward	NN
www-nature-com-63	179	10	halving	halving	NN
www-nature-com-63	179	11	occurrence	occurrence	NN
www-nature-com-63	179	12	has	have	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	179	13	generally	generally	RB
www-nature-com-63	179	14	followed	follow	VBN
www-nature-com-63	179	15	this	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	179	16	pattern	pattern	NN
www-nature-com-63	179	17	since	since	IN
www-nature-com-63	179	18	2014	2014	CD
www-nature-com-63	179	19	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	179	20	it	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	179	21	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	179	22	extremely	extremely	RB
www-nature-com-63	179	23	volatile	volatile	JJ
www-nature-com-63	179	24	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	179	25	real	real	JJ
www-nature-com-63	179	26	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	179	27	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	179	28	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	179	29	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	179	30	subjected	subject	VBN
www-nature-com-63	179	31	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	179	32	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	179	33	influence	influence	NN
www-nature-com-63	179	34	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	179	35	other	other	JJ
www-nature-com-63	179	36	factors	factor	NNS
www-nature-com-63	179	37	such	such	JJ
www-nature-com-63	179	38	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	179	39	investor	investor	NN
www-nature-com-63	179	40	expectations	expectation	NNS
www-nature-com-63	179	41	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	180	1	Therefore	therefore	RB
www-nature-com-63	180	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	180	3	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	180	4	degree	degree	NN
www-nature-com-63	180	5	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	180	6	uncertainty	uncertainty	NN
www-nature-com-63	180	7	remains	remain	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	180	8	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	180	9	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	180	10	whether	whether	IN
www-nature-com-63	180	11	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	180	12	linearity	linearity	NN
www-nature-com-63	180	13	price	price	NN
www-nature-com-63	180	14	assumption	assumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	180	15	would	would	MD
www-nature-com-63	180	16	hold	hold	VB
www-nature-com-63	180	17	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	180	18	parti-	parti-	VBN
www-nature-com-63	180	19	cularly	cularly	RB
www-nature-com-63	180	20	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	180	21	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	180	22	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	180	23	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	180	24	continues	continue	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	180	25	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	180	26	grow	grow	VB
www-nature-com-63	180	27	into	into	IN
www-nature-com-63	180	28	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	180	29	future	future	NN
www-nature-com-63	180	30	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	181	1	Furthermore	furthermore	RB
www-nature-com-63	181	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	181	3	our	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	181	4	site	site	NN
www-nature-com-63	181	5	regulation	regulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	181	6	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	181	7	SR	SR	NNP
www-nature-com-63	181	8	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	181	9	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	181	10	assumes	assume	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	181	11	no	no	DT
www-nature-com-63	181	12	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	181	13	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	181	14	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	181	15	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	181	16	relocating	relocate	VBG
www-nature-com-63	181	17	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	181	18	clean	clean	JJ
www-nature-com-63	181	19	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	181	20	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	181	21	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	181	22	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	181	23	regions	region	NNS
www-nature-com-63	181	24	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	182	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	182	2	reality	reality	NN
www-nature-com-63	182	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	182	4	there	there	EX
www-nature-com-63	182	5	may	may	MD
www-nature-com-63	182	6	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	182	7	certain	certain	JJ
www-nature-com-63	182	8	costs	cost	NNS
www-nature-com-63	182	9	associated	associate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	182	10	with	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	182	11	this	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	182	12	action	action	NN
www-nature-com-63	182	13	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	182	14	such	such	JJ
www-nature-com-63	182	15	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	182	16	transportation	transportation	NN
www-nature-com-63	182	17	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	183	1	Therefore	therefore	RB
www-nature-com-63	183	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	183	3	although	although	IN
www-nature-com-63	183	4	our	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	183	5	results	result	NNS
www-nature-com-63	183	6	suggest	suggest	VBP
www-nature-com-63	183	7	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	183	8	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	183	9	site	site	NN
www-nature-com-63	183	10	regulation	regulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	183	11	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	183	12	SR	SR	NNP
www-nature-com-63	183	13	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	183	14	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	183	15	may	may	MD
www-nature-com-63	183	16	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	183	17	more	more	RBR
www-nature-com-63	183	18	effective	effective	JJ
www-nature-com-63	183	19	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	183	20	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	183	21	current	current	JJ
www-nature-com-63	183	22	punitive	punitive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	183	23	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	183	24	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	183	25	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	183	26	consensus	consensus	NN
www-nature-com-63	183	27	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	183	28	limiting	limit	VBG
www-nature-com-63	183	29	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	183	30	total	total	JJ
www-nature-com-63	183	31	amount	amount	NN
www-nature-com-63	183	32	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	183	33	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	183	34	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	183	35	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	183	36	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	183	37	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	183	38	operations	operation	NNS
www-nature-com-63	183	39	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	183	40	it	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	183	41	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	183	42	important	important	JJ
www-nature-com-63	183	43	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	183	44	note	note	VB
www-nature-com-63	183	45	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	183	46	these	these	DT
www-nature-com-63	183	47	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	183	48	simulations	simulation	NNS
www-nature-com-63	183	49	arising	arise	VBG
www-nature-com-63	183	50	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	183	51	system	system	NN
www-nature-com-63	183	52	dynamics	dynamic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	183	53	modeling	modeling	NN
www-nature-com-63	183	54	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	183	55	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	183	56	limited	limit	VBN
www-nature-com-63	183	57	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	183	58	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	183	59	assumptions	assumption	NNS
www-nature-com-63	183	60	above	above	RB
www-nature-com-63	183	61	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	184	1	Second	second	JJ
www-nature-com-63	184	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	184	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	184	4	projected	project	VBN
www-nature-com-63	184	5	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	184	6	emissions	emission	NNS
www-nature-com-63	184	7	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	184	8	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	184	9	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	184	10	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	184	11	related	relate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	184	12	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	184	13	electricity	electricity	NN
www-nature-com-63	184	14	production	production	NN
www-nature-com-63	184	15	depends	depend	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	184	16	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	184	17	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	184	18	source	source	NN
www-nature-com-63	184	19	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	184	20	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	184	21	used	use	VBN
www-nature-com-63	184	22	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	184	23	its	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	184	24	generation	generation	NN
www-nature-com-63	184	25	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	185	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	185	2	all	all	DT
www-nature-com-63	185	3	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	185	4	except	except	IN
www-nature-com-63	185	5	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	185	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	185	7	Site	Site	NNP
www-nature-com-63	185	8	Reg-	Reg-	NNP
www-nature-com-63	185	9	ulation	ulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	185	10	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	185	11	SR	SR	NNP
www-nature-com-63	185	12	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	185	13	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	185	14	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	185	15	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	185	16	do	do	VBP
www-nature-com-63	185	17	not	not	RB
www-nature-com-63	185	18	consider	consider	VB
www-nature-com-63	185	19	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	185	20	potential	potential	JJ
www-nature-com-63	185	21	changes	change	NNS
www-nature-com-63	185	22	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	185	23	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	185	24	Chinese	chinese	JJ
www-nature-com-63	185	25	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	185	26	sector	sector	NN
www-nature-com-63	185	27	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	185	28	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	185	29	future	future	NN
www-nature-com-63	185	30	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	185	31	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	185	32	implies	imply	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	185	33	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	185	34	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	185	35	would	would	MD
www-nature-com-63	185	36	predominantly	predominantly	RB
www-nature-com-63	185	37	operate	operate	VB
www-nature-com-63	185	38	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	185	39	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	185	40	coal	coal	NN
www-nature-com-63	185	41	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	185	42	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	185	43	area	area	NN
www-nature-com-63	185	44	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	186	1	While	while	IN
www-nature-com-63	186	2	this	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	186	3	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	186	4	certainly	certainly	RB
www-nature-com-63	186	5	true	true	JJ
www-nature-com-63	186	6	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	186	7	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	186	8	current	current	JJ
www-nature-com-63	186	9	electricity	electricity	NN
www-nature-com-63	186	10	mix	mix	NN
www-nature-com-63	186	11	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	186	12	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	186	13	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	186	14	heavily	heavily	RB
www-nature-com-63	186	15	dominated	dominate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	186	16	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	186	17	coal	coal	NN
www-nature-com-63	186	18	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	186	19	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	186	20	series	series	NN
www-nature-com-63	186	21	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	186	22	efforts	effort	NNS
www-nature-com-63	186	23	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	186	24	incentivise	incentivise	VB
www-nature-com-63	186	25	electricity	electricity	NN
www-nature-com-63	186	26	production	production	NN
www-nature-com-63	186	27	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	186	28	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	186	29	basis	basis	NN
www-nature-com-63	186	30	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	186	31	renewable	renewable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	186	32	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	186	33	sources	source	NNS
www-nature-com-63	186	34	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	186	35	www.iea.org	www.iea.org	NNP
www-nature-com-63	186	36	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	186	37	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	186	38	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	186	39	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	186	40	increase	increase	VB
www-nature-com-63	186	41	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	186	42	price	price	NN
www-nature-com-63	186	43	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	186	44	electricity	electricity	NN
www-nature-com-63	186	45	generated	generate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	186	46	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	186	47	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	186	48	basis	basis	NN
www-nature-com-63	186	49	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	186	50	coal	coal	NN
www-nature-com-63	186	51	have	have	VBP
www-nature-com-63	186	52	been	be	VBN
www-nature-com-63	186	53	implemented	implement	VBN
www-nature-com-63	186	54	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	187	1	Consequently	consequently	RB
www-nature-com-63	187	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	187	3	these	these	DT
www-nature-com-63	187	4	renew-	renew-	NN
www-nature-com-63	187	5	able	able	JJ
www-nature-com-63	187	6	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	187	7	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	187	8	related	relate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	187	9	efforts	effort	NNS
www-nature-com-63	187	10	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	187	11	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	187	12	can	can	MD
www-nature-com-63	187	13	potentially	potentially	RB
www-nature-com-63	187	14	affect	affect	VB
www-nature-com-63	187	15	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	187	16	electricity	electricity	NN
www-nature-com-63	187	17	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	187	18	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	187	19	subsequently	subsequently	RB
www-nature-com-63	187	20	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	187	21	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	187	22	amount	amount	NN
www-nature-com-63	187	23	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	187	24	related	related	JJ
www-nature-com-63	187	25	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	187	26	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	187	27	generated	generate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	187	28	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	187	29	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	187	30	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	187	31	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	187	32	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	188	1	Third	third	JJ
www-nature-com-63	188	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	188	3	it	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	188	4	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	188	5	important	important	JJ
www-nature-com-63	188	6	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	188	7	note	note	VB
www-nature-com-63	188	8	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	188	9	although	although	IN
www-nature-com-63	188	10	our	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	188	11	results	result	NNS
www-nature-com-63	188	12	suggest	suggest	VBP
www-nature-com-63	188	13	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	188	14	with	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	188	15	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	188	16	broaden	broaden	NN
www-nature-com-63	188	17	usage	usage	NN
www-nature-com-63	188	18	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	188	19	application	application	NN
www-nature-com-63	188	20	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	188	21	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	188	22	tech-	tech-	NN
www-nature-com-63	188	23	nology	nology	NN
www-nature-com-63	188	24	could	could	MD
www-nature-com-63	188	25	become	become	VB
www-nature-com-63	188	26	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	188	27	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	188	28	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	188	29	intensive	intensive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	188	30	technology	technology	NN
www-nature-com-63	188	31	that	that	WDT
www-nature-com-63	188	32	hinders	hinder	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	188	33	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	188	34	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	188	35	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	188	36	reduction	reduction	NN
www-nature-com-63	188	37	efforts	effort	NNS
www-nature-com-63	188	38	around	around	IN
www-nature-com-63	188	39	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	188	40	world	world	NN
www-nature-com-63	188	41	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	188	42	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	188	43	with	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	188	44	any	any	DT
www-nature-com-63	188	45	prediction	prediction	NN
www-nature-com-63	188	46	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	188	47	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	188	48	many	many	JJ
www-nature-com-63	188	49	unforeseeable	unforeseeable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	188	50	uncertainties	uncertainty	NNS
www-nature-com-63	188	51	could	could	MD
www-nature-com-63	188	52	happen	happen	VB
www-nature-com-63	188	53	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	188	54	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	188	55	future	future	NN
www-nature-com-63	188	56	that	that	WDT
www-nature-com-63	188	57	could	could	MD
www-nature-com-63	188	58	cause	cause	VB
www-nature-com-63	188	59	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	188	60	reality	reality	NN
www-nature-com-63	188	61	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	188	62	deviate	deviate	VB
www-nature-com-63	188	63	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	188	64	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	188	65	prediction	prediction	NN
www-nature-com-63	188	66	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	189	1	While	while	IN
www-nature-com-63	189	2	it	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	189	3	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	189	4	true	true	JJ
www-nature-com-63	189	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	189	6	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	189	7	technology	technology	NN
www-nature-com-63	189	8	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	189	9	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	189	10	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	189	11	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	189	12	one	one	CD
www-nature-com-63	189	13	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	189	14	its	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	189	15	applications	application	NNS
www-nature-com-63	189	16	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	189	17	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	189	18	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	189	19	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	189	20	increasingly	increasingly	RB
www-nature-com-63	189	21	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	189	22	play	play	VB
www-nature-com-63	189	23	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	189	24	significant	significant	JJ
www-nature-com-63	189	25	role	role	NN
www-nature-com-63	189	26	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	189	27	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	189	28	economy	economy	NN
www-nature-com-63	189	29	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	189	30	ultimately	ultimately	RB
www-nature-com-63	189	31	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	189	32	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	189	33	choice	choice	NN
www-nature-com-63	189	34	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	189	35	adopting	adopt	VBG
www-nature-com-63	189	36	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	189	37	using	use	VBG
www-nature-com-63	189	38	this	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	189	39	technology	technology	NN
www-nature-com-63	189	40	lies	lie	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	189	41	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	189	42	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	189	43	hands	hand	NNS
www-nature-com-63	189	44	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	189	45	humans	human	NNS
www-nature-com-63	189	46	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	190	1	Conse-	Conse-	NNP
www-nature-com-63	190	2	quently	quently	RB
www-nature-com-63	190	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	190	4	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	190	5	should	should	MD
www-nature-com-63	190	6	carefully	carefully	RB
www-nature-com-63	190	7	evaluate	evaluate	VB
www-nature-com-63	190	8	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	190	9	trade	trade	NN
www-nature-com-63	190	10	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	190	11	offs	off	NNS
www-nature-com-63	190	12	before	before	IN
www-nature-com-63	190	13	applying	apply	VBG
www-nature-com-63	190	14	this	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	190	15	promising	promise	VBG
www-nature-com-63	190	16	technology	technology	NN
www-nature-com-63	190	17	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	190	18	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	190	19	variety	variety	NN
www-nature-com-63	190	20	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	190	21	industries	industry	NNS
www-nature-com-63	190	22	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	191	1	Methods	method	NNS
www-nature-com-63	191	2	This	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	191	3	paper	paper	NN
www-nature-com-63	191	4	constructs	construct	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	191	5	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	191	6	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	191	7	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	191	8	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	191	9	investigate	investigate	VB
www-nature-com-63	191	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	191	11	feedback	feedback	NN
www-nature-com-63	191	12	loops	loop	NNS
www-nature-com-63	191	13	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	191	14	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	191	15	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	191	16	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	191	17	simulates	simulate	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	191	18	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	191	19	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	191	20	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	191	21	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	191	22	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	191	23	its	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	191	24	operations	operation	NNS
www-nature-com-63	191	25	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	191	26	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	191	27	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	192	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	192	2	view	view	NN
www-nature-com-63	192	3	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	192	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	192	5	complexity	complexity	NN
www-nature-com-63	192	6	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	192	7	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	192	8	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	192	9	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	192	10	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	192	11	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	192	12	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	192	13	process	process	NN
www-nature-com-63	192	14	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	192	15	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	192	16	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	192	17	modeling	model	VBG
www-nature-com-63	192	18	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	192	19	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	192	20	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	192	21	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	192	22	assessment	assessment	NN
www-nature-com-63	192	23	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	192	24	mainly	mainly	RB
www-nature-com-63	192	25	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	192	26	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	192	27	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	192	28	following	follow	VBG
www-nature-com-63	192	29	assumptions	assumption	NNS
www-nature-com-63	192	30	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	192	31	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	192	32	1	1	LS
www-nature-com-63	192	33	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	192	34	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	192	35	electricity	electricity	NN
www-nature-com-63	192	36	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	192	37	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	192	38	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	192	39	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	192	40	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	192	41	process	process	NN
www-nature-com-63	192	42	mainly	mainly	RB
www-nature-com-63	192	43	consists	consist	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	192	44	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	192	45	two	two	CD
www-nature-com-63	192	46	types	type	NNS
www-nature-com-63	192	47	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	192	48	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	192	49	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	192	50	coal	coal	NN
www-nature-com-63	192	51	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	192	52	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	192	53	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	192	54	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	192	55	hydro	hydro	NNP
www-nature-com-63	192	56	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	192	57	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	192	58	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	192	59	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	193	1	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	193	2	2	2	LS
www-nature-com-63	193	3	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	193	4	Bitcoin	bitcoin	NN
www-nature-com-63	193	5	price	price	NN
www-nature-com-63	193	6	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	193	7	extremely	extremely	RB
www-nature-com-63	193	8	volatile	volatile	JJ
www-nature-com-63	193	9	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	193	10	real	real	JJ
www-nature-com-63	193	11	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	193	12	NATURE	NATURE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	193	13	COMMUNICATIONS	COMMUNICATIONS	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	193	14	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	193	15	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	193	16	ARTICLE	article	NN
www-nature-com-63	193	17	NATURE	NATURE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	193	18	COMMUNICATIONS	communication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	193	19	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	193	20	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	193	21	2021	2021	CD
www-nature-com-63	193	22	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	193	23	12:1938	12:1938	CD
www-nature-com-63	193	24	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	193	25	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	193	26	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	193	27	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	193	28	7	7	CD
www-nature-com-63	193	29	http://www.iea.org	http://www.iea.org	NNP
www-nature-com-63	193	30	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	193	31	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	193	32	operations	operation	NNS
www-nature-com-63	193	33	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	193	34	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	193	35	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	193	36	inappropriate	inappropriate	JJ
www-nature-com-63	193	37	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	193	38	long	long	JJ
www-nature-com-63	193	39	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	193	40	term	term	NN
www-nature-com-63	193	41	assessment	assessment	NN
www-nature-com-63	193	42	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	193	43	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	193	44	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	193	45	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	193	46	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	194	1	Referring	refer	VBG
www-nature-com-63	194	2	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	194	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	194	4	historical	historical	JJ
www-nature-com-63	194	5	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	194	6	price	price	NN
www-nature-com-63	194	7	data	datum	NNS
www-nature-com-63	194	8	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	194	9	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	194	10	assume	assume	VBP
www-nature-com-63	194	11	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	194	12	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	194	13	long	long	JJ
www-nature-com-63	194	14	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	194	15	term	term	NN
www-nature-com-63	194	16	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	194	17	price	price	NN
www-nature-com-63	194	18	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	194	19	mainly	mainly	RB
www-nature-com-63	194	20	affected	affect	VBN
www-nature-com-63	194	21	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	194	22	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	194	23	halving	halve	VBG
www-nature-com-63	194	24	mechanism	mechanism	NN
www-nature-com-63	194	25	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	194	26	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	194	27	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	194	28	rewards	reward	NNS
www-nature-com-63	194	29	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	195	1	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	195	2	3	3	LS
www-nature-com-63	195	3	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	195	4	Miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	195	5	gradually	gradually	RB
www-nature-com-63	195	6	stop	stop	VBP
www-nature-com-63	195	7	or	or	CC
www-nature-com-63	195	8	choose	choose	VB
www-nature-com-63	195	9	other	other	JJ
www-nature-com-63	195	10	destinations	destination	NNS
www-nature-com-63	195	11	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	195	12	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	195	13	if	if	IN
www-nature-com-63	195	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	195	15	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	195	16	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	195	17	process	process	NN
www-nature-com-63	195	18	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	195	19	no	no	DT
www-nature-com-63	195	20	longer	long	RBR
www-nature-com-63	195	21	profitable	profitable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	195	22	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	195	23	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	195	24	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	196	1	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	196	2	4	4	LS
www-nature-com-63	196	3	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	196	4	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	196	5	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	196	6	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	196	7	consistent	consistent	JJ
www-nature-com-63	196	8	with	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	196	9	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	196	10	overall	overall	JJ
www-nature-com-63	196	11	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	196	12	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	196	13	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	196	14	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	196	15	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	196	16	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	197	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	197	2	other	other	JJ
www-nature-com-63	197	3	words	word	NNS
www-nature-com-63	197	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	197	5	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	197	6	such	such	JJ
www-nature-com-63	197	7	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	197	8	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	197	9	access	access	NN
www-nature-com-63	197	10	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	197	11	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	197	12	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	197	13	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	197	14	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	197	15	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	197	16	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	197	17	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	197	18	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	197	19	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	197	20	operations	operation	NNS
www-nature-com-63	197	21	can	can	MD
www-nature-com-63	197	22	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	197	23	rejiggered	rejiggere	VBN
www-nature-com-63	197	24	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	197	25	different	different	JJ
www-nature-com-63	197	26	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	197	27	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	197	28	levels	level	NNS
www-nature-com-63	197	29	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	198	1	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	198	2	5	5	LS
www-nature-com-63	198	3	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	198	4	Miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	198	5	maintain	maintain	VB
www-nature-com-63	198	6	full	full	JJ
www-nature-com-63	198	7	invest-	invest-	JJ
www-nature-com-63	198	8	ment	ment	JJ
www-nature-com-63	198	9	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	198	10	while	while	IN
www-nature-com-63	198	11	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	198	12	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	198	13	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	198	14	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	198	15	any	any	DT
www-nature-com-63	198	16	reduction	reduction	NN
www-nature-com-63	198	17	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	198	18	individual	individual	JJ
www-nature-com-63	198	19	investment	investment	NN
www-nature-com-63	198	20	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	198	21	would	would	MD
www-nature-com-63	198	22	put	put	VB
www-nature-com-63	198	23	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	198	24	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	198	25	disadvantage	disadvantage	NN
www-nature-com-63	198	26	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	198	27	jeopardize	jeopardize	VB
www-nature-com-63	198	28	their	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	198	29	chances	chance	NNS
www-nature-com-63	198	30	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	198	31	mining	mine	VBG
www-nature-com-63	198	32	new	new	JJ
www-nature-com-63	198	33	blocks	block	NNS
www-nature-com-63	198	34	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	198	35	receiving	receive	VBG
www-nature-com-63	198	36	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	198	37	reward	reward	NN
www-nature-com-63	198	38	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	199	1	By	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	199	2	investigating	investigate	VBG
www-nature-com-63	199	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	199	4	inner	inner	JJ
www-nature-com-63	199	5	feedback	feedback	NN
www-nature-com-63	199	6	loops	loop	NNS
www-nature-com-63	199	7	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	199	8	causalities	causality	NNS
www-nature-com-63	199	9	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	199	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	199	11	systems	system	NNS
www-nature-com-63	199	12	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	199	13	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	199	14	modeling	modeling	NN
www-nature-com-63	199	15	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	199	16	able	able	JJ
www-nature-com-63	199	17	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	199	18	capture	capture	VB
www-nature-com-63	199	19	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	199	20	corresponding	correspond	VBG
www-nature-com-63	199	21	dynamic	dynamic	JJ
www-nature-com-63	199	22	behaviors	behavior	NNS
www-nature-com-63	199	23	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	199	24	system	system	NN
www-nature-com-63	199	25	vari-	vari-	NNP
www-nature-com-63	199	26	ables	able	NNS
www-nature-com-63	199	27	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	199	28	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	199	29	proposed	propose	VBN
www-nature-com-63	199	30	scenarios33,34	scenarios33,34	NNP
www-nature-com-63	199	31	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	200	1	Supplementary	Supplementary	NNP
www-nature-com-63	200	2	Fig	Fig	NNP
www-nature-com-63	200	3	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	201	1	1	1	CD
www-nature-com-63	201	2	shows	show	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	201	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	201	4	complete	complete	JJ
www-nature-com-63	201	5	structure	structure	NN
www-nature-com-63	201	6	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	201	7	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	201	8	modeling	modeling	NN
www-nature-com-63	201	9	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	202	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	202	2	whole	whole	JJ
www-nature-com-63	202	3	quantitative	quantitative	JJ
www-nature-com-63	202	4	relationships	relationship	NNS
www-nature-com-63	202	5	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	202	6	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	202	7	para-	para-	NNP
www-nature-com-63	202	8	meters	meter	NNS
www-nature-com-63	202	9	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	202	10	demonstrated	demonstrate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	202	11	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	202	12	Supplementary	Supplementary	NNP
www-nature-com-63	202	13	Methods	Methods	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	202	14	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	203	1	Utilizing	utilize	VBG
www-nature-com-63	203	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	203	3	flow	flow	NN
www-nature-com-63	203	4	diagram	diagram	NN
www-nature-com-63	203	5	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	203	6	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	203	7	systems	system	NNS
www-nature-com-63	203	8	illustrated	illustrate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	203	9	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	203	10	Supplementary	Supplementary	NNP
www-nature-com-63	203	11	Fig	Fig	NNP
www-nature-com-63	203	12	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	204	1	1	1	CD
www-nature-com-63	204	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	204	3	detailed	detailed	JJ
www-nature-com-63	204	4	feedback	feedback	NN
www-nature-com-63	204	5	loops	loop	NNS
www-nature-com-63	204	6	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	204	7	flows	flow	NNS
www-nature-com-63	204	8	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	204	9	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	204	10	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	204	11	subsystems	subsystem	NNS
www-nature-com-63	204	12	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	204	13	discussed	discuss	VBN
www-nature-com-63	204	14	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	204	15	clarified	clarify	VBN
www-nature-com-63	204	16	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	205	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	205	2	types	type	NNS
www-nature-com-63	205	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	205	4	definitions	definition	NNS
www-nature-com-63	205	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	205	6	units	unit	NNS
www-nature-com-63	205	7	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	205	8	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	205	9	related	related	JJ
www-nature-com-63	205	10	references	reference	NNS
www-nature-com-63	205	11	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	205	12	each	each	DT
www-nature-com-63	205	13	variable	variable	NN
www-nature-com-63	205	14	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	205	15	Supplementary	Supplementary	NNP
www-nature-com-63	205	16	Fig	Fig	NNP
www-nature-com-63	205	17	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	206	1	1	1	CD
www-nature-com-63	206	2	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	206	3	reported	report	VBN
www-nature-com-63	206	4	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	206	5	Supplementary	Supplementary	NNP
www-nature-com-63	206	6	Table	Table	NNP
www-nature-com-63	206	7	1	1	CD
www-nature-com-63	206	8	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	207	1	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	207	2	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	207	3	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	207	4	transaction	transaction	NN
www-nature-com-63	207	5	subsystem	subsystem	NNP
www-nature-com-63	207	6	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	208	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	208	2	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	208	3	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	208	4	utilizes	utilize	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	208	5	Proof	Proof	NNP
www-nature-com-63	208	6	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	208	7	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	208	8	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	208	9	Work	work	NN
www-nature-com-63	208	10	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	208	11	PoW	PoW	NNP
www-nature-com-63	208	12	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	208	13	consensus	consensus	NN
www-nature-com-63	208	14	algorithm	algorithm	NN
www-nature-com-63	208	15	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	208	16	generating	generate	VBG
www-nature-com-63	208	17	new	new	JJ
www-nature-com-63	208	18	blocks	block	NNS
www-nature-com-63	208	19	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	208	20	vali-	vali-	NN
www-nature-com-63	208	21	dating	date	VBG
www-nature-com-63	208	22	transactions	transaction	NNS
www-nature-com-63	208	23	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	209	1	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	209	2	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	209	3	earn	earn	VBP
www-nature-com-63	209	4	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	209	5	reward	reward	NN
www-nature-com-63	209	6	if	if	IN
www-nature-com-63	209	7	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	209	8	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	209	9	value	value	NN
www-nature-com-63	209	10	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	209	11	target	target	NN
www-nature-com-63	209	12	blocks	block	NNS
www-nature-com-63	209	13	computed	compute	VBN
www-nature-com-63	209	14	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	209	15	their	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	209	16	hardware	hardware	NN
www-nature-com-63	209	17	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	209	18	validated	validate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	209	19	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	209	20	all	all	DT
www-nature-com-63	209	21	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	209	22	participants	participant	NNS
www-nature-com-63	209	23	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	210	1	On	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	210	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	210	3	other	other	JJ
www-nature-com-63	210	4	hand	hand	NN
www-nature-com-63	210	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	210	6	transactions	transaction	NNS
www-nature-com-63	210	7	packaged	package	VBN
www-nature-com-63	210	8	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	210	9	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	210	10	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	210	11	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	210	12	confirmed	confirm	VBN
www-nature-com-63	210	13	when	when	WRB
www-nature-com-63	210	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	210	15	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	210	16	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	210	17	formally	formally	RB
www-nature-com-63	210	18	broadcasted	broadcast	VBN
www-nature-com-63	210	19	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	210	20	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	210	21	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	210	22	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	210	23	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	211	1	To	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	211	2	increase	increase	VB
www-nature-com-63	211	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	211	4	probability	probability	NN
www-nature-com-63	211	5	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	211	6	mining	mine	VBG
www-nature-com-63	211	7	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	211	8	new	new	JJ
www-nature-com-63	211	9	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	211	10	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	211	11	getting	get	VBG
www-nature-com-63	211	12	rewarded	reward	VBN
www-nature-com-63	211	13	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	211	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	211	15	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	211	16	hardware	hardware	NN
www-nature-com-63	211	17	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	211	18	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	211	19	updated	update	VBN
www-nature-com-63	211	20	continuously	continuously	RB
www-nature-com-63	211	21	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	211	22	invested	invest	VBN
www-nature-com-63	211	23	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	211	24	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	211	25	participants	participant	NNS
www-nature-com-63	211	26	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	211	27	higher	high	JJR
www-nature-com-63	211	28	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	211	29	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	211	30	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	211	31	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	211	32	would	would	MD
www-nature-com-63	211	33	cause	cause	VB
www-nature-com-63	211	34	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	211	35	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	211	36	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	211	37	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	211	38	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	211	39	whole	whole	JJ
www-nature-com-63	211	40	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	211	41	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	211	42	rise	rise	VB
www-nature-com-63	211	43	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	212	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	212	2	order	order	NN
www-nature-com-63	212	3	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	212	4	maintain	maintain	VB
www-nature-com-63	212	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	212	6	constant	constant	JJ
www-nature-com-63	212	7	10-minute	10-minute	CD
www-nature-com-63	212	8	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	212	9	new	new	JJ
www-nature-com-63	212	10	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	212	11	generation	generation	NN
www-nature-com-63	212	12	process	process	NN
www-nature-com-63	212	13	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	212	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	212	15	difficulty	difficulty	NN
www-nature-com-63	212	16	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	212	17	generating	generate	VBG
www-nature-com-63	212	18	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	212	19	new	new	JJ
www-nature-com-63	212	20	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	212	21	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	212	22	adjusted	adjust	VBN
www-nature-com-63	212	23	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	212	24	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	212	25	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	212	26	current	current	JJ
www-nature-com-63	212	27	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	212	28	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	212	29	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	212	30	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	212	31	whole	whole	JJ
www-nature-com-63	212	32	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	212	33	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	212	34	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	213	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	213	2	halving	halve	VBG
www-nature-com-63	213	3	mechanism	mechanism	NN
www-nature-com-63	213	4	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	213	5	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	213	6	reward	reward	NN
www-nature-com-63	213	7	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	213	8	designed	design	VBN
www-nature-com-63	213	9	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	213	10	control	control	VB
www-nature-com-63	213	11	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	213	12	total	total	JJ
www-nature-com-63	213	13	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	213	14	circulation	circulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	213	15	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	213	16	maximum	maximum	NN
www-nature-com-63	213	17	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	213	18	21	21	CD
www-nature-com-63	213	19	million	million	CD
www-nature-com-63	213	20	Bitcoins	Bitcoins	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	213	21	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	213	22	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	213	23	prevent	prevent	VB
www-nature-com-63	213	24	inflation	inflation	NN
www-nature-com-63	213	25	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	214	1	Reward	reward	VB
www-nature-com-63	214	2	halving	halving	NN
www-nature-com-63	214	3	occurs	occur	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	214	4	every	every	DT
www-nature-com-63	214	5	four	four	CD
www-nature-com-63	214	6	years	year	NNS
www-nature-com-63	214	7	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	214	8	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	214	9	means	mean	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	214	10	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	214	11	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	214	12	reward	reward	NN
www-nature-com-63	214	13	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	214	14	broadcasting	broadcast	VBG
www-nature-com-63	214	15	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	214	16	new	new	JJ
www-nature-com-63	214	17	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	214	18	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	214	19	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	214	20	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	214	21	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	214	22	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	214	23	zero	zero	CD
www-nature-com-63	214	24	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	214	25	2140	2140	CD
www-nature-com-63	214	26	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	215	1	As	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	215	2	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	215	3	result	result	NN
www-nature-com-63	215	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	215	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	215	6	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	215	7	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	215	8	price	price	NN
www-nature-com-63	215	9	increases	increase	NNS
www-nature-com-63	215	10	periodically	periodically	RB
www-nature-com-63	215	11	due	due	JJ
www-nature-com-63	215	12	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	215	13	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	215	14	halving	halve	VBG
www-nature-com-63	215	15	mechanism	mechanism	NN
www-nature-com-63	215	16	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	215	17	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	215	18	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	215	19	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	216	1	With	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	216	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	216	3	growing	grow	VBG
www-nature-com-63	216	4	popularity	popularity	NN
www-nature-com-63	216	5	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	216	6	broadened	broaden	VBD
www-nature-com-63	216	7	transaction	transaction	NN
www-nature-com-63	216	8	scope	scope	NN
www-nature-com-63	216	9	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	216	10	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	216	11	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	216	12	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	216	13	total	total	JJ
www-nature-com-63	216	14	transactions	transaction	NNS
www-nature-com-63	216	15	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	216	16	transaction	transaction	NN
www-nature-com-63	216	17	fee	fee	NN
www-nature-com-63	216	18	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	216	19	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	216	20	may	may	MD
www-nature-com-63	216	21	steadily	steadily	RB
www-nature-com-63	216	22	grow	grow	VB
www-nature-com-63	216	23	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	216	24	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	216	25	drive	drive	VBP
www-nature-com-63	216	26	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	216	27	other	other	JJ
www-nature-com-63	216	28	source	source	NN
www-nature-com-63	216	29	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	216	30	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	216	31	miner	miner	NN
www-nature-com-63	216	32	’s	’s	POS
www-nature-com-63	216	33	profit	profit	NN
www-nature-com-63	216	34	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	216	35	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	217	1	Overall	overall	RB
www-nature-com-63	217	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	217	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	217	4	profit	profit	NN
www-nature-com-63	217	5	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	217	6	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	217	7	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	217	8	can	can	MD
www-nature-com-63	217	9	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	217	10	calculated	calculate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	217	11	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	217	12	subtracting	subtract	VBG
www-nature-com-63	217	13	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	217	14	total	total	JJ
www-nature-com-63	217	15	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	217	16	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	217	17	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	217	18	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	217	19	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	217	20	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	217	21	emissions	emission	NNS
www-nature-com-63	217	22	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	217	23	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	217	24	reward	reward	NN
www-nature-com-63	217	25	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	217	26	transaction	transaction	NN
www-nature-com-63	217	27	fees	fee	NNS
www-nature-com-63	217	28	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	218	1	Miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	218	2	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	218	3	stop	stop	VB
www-nature-com-63	218	4	investing	invest	VBG
www-nature-com-63	218	5	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	218	6	updating	update	VBG
www-nature-com-63	218	7	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	218	8	hardware	hardware	NN
www-nature-com-63	218	9	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	218	10	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	218	11	when	when	WRB
www-nature-com-63	218	12	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	218	13	total	total	JJ
www-nature-com-63	218	14	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	218	15	exceeds	exceed	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	218	16	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	218	17	profit	profit	NN
www-nature-com-63	218	18	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	218	19	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	219	1	Consequently	consequently	RB
www-nature-com-63	219	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	219	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	219	4	whole	whole	JJ
www-nature-com-63	219	5	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	219	6	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	219	7	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	219	8	receives	receive	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	219	9	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	219	10	negative	negative	JJ
www-nature-com-63	219	11	feedback	feedback	NN
www-nature-com-63	219	12	due	due	IN
www-nature-com-63	219	13	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	219	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	219	15	investment	investment	NN
www-nature-com-63	219	16	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	219	17	reductions	reduction	NNS
www-nature-com-63	219	18	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	220	1	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	220	2	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	220	3	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	220	4	subsystem	subsystem	NN
www-nature-com-63	220	5	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	221	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	221	2	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	221	3	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	221	4	power	power	NN
www-nature-com-63	221	5	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	221	6	deter-	deter-	XX
www-nature-com-63	221	7	mined	mine	VBN
www-nature-com-63	221	8	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	221	9	two	two	CD
www-nature-com-63	221	10	factors	factor	NNS
www-nature-com-63	221	11	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	221	12	first	first	RB
www-nature-com-63	221	13	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	221	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	221	15	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	221	16	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	221	17	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	221	18	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	221	19	hashes	hash	NNS
www-nature-com-63	221	20	computed	compute	VBN
www-nature-com-63	221	21	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	221	22	second	second	NN
www-nature-com-63	221	23	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	221	24	positively	positively	RB
www-nature-com-63	221	25	accounts	account	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	221	26	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	221	27	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	221	28	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	221	29	power	power	NN
www-nature-com-63	221	30	increase	increase	NN
www-nature-com-63	221	31	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	221	32	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	221	33	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	221	34	when	when	WRB
www-nature-com-63	221	35	high	high	JJ
www-nature-com-63	221	36	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	221	37	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	221	38	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	221	39	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	221	40	invested	invest	VBN
www-nature-com-63	221	41	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	222	1	However	however	RB
www-nature-com-63	222	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	222	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	222	4	updated	update	VBN
www-nature-com-63	222	5	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	222	6	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	222	7	also	also	RB
www-nature-com-63	222	8	attempt	attempt	VBP
www-nature-com-63	222	9	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	222	10	reduce	reduce	VB
www-nature-com-63	222	11	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	222	12	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	222	13	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	222	14	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	222	15	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	222	16	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	222	17	i.e.	i.e.	FW
www-nature-com-63	222	18	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	222	19	improve	improve	VB
www-nature-com-63	222	20	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	222	21	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	222	22	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	222	23	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	222	24	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	222	25	process	process	NN
www-nature-com-63	222	26	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	222	27	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	222	28	helps	help	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	222	29	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	222	30	reduce	reduce	VB
www-nature-com-63	222	31	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	222	32	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	222	33	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	222	34	power	power	NN
www-nature-com-63	222	35	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	222	36	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	223	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	223	2	addition	addition	NN
www-nature-com-63	223	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	223	4	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	223	5	makers	maker	NNS
www-nature-com-63	223	6	may	may	MD
www-nature-com-63	223	7	raise	raise	VB
www-nature-com-63	223	8	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	223	9	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	223	10	access	access	NN
www-nature-com-63	223	11	standard	standard	NN
www-nature-com-63	223	12	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	223	13	create	create	VB
www-nature-com-63	223	14	barriers	barrier	NNS
www-nature-com-63	223	15	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	223	16	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	223	17	low-	low-	NN
www-nature-com-63	223	18	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	223	19	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	223	20	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	223	21	participate	participate	VB
www-nature-com-63	223	22	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	223	23	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	223	24	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	223	25	activities	activity	NNS
www-nature-com-63	223	26	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	223	27	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	223	28	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	224	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	224	2	terms	term	NNS
www-nature-com-63	224	3	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	224	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	224	5	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	224	6	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	224	7	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	224	8	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	224	9	whole	whole	JJ
www-nature-com-63	224	10	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	224	11	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	224	12	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	224	13	power	power	NN
www-nature-com-63	224	14	usage	usage	NN
www-nature-com-63	224	15	effectiveness	effectiveness	NN
www-nature-com-63	224	16	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	224	17	intro-	intro-	NN
www-nature-com-63	224	18	duced	duced	JJ
www-nature-com-63	224	19	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	224	20	illustrate	illustrate	VB
www-nature-com-63	224	21	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	224	22	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	224	23	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	224	24	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	224	25	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	224	26	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	224	27	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	224	28	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	224	29	sug-	sug-	NN
www-nature-com-63	224	30	gested	geste	VBN
www-nature-com-63	224	31	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	224	32	Stoll13	Stoll13	NNP
www-nature-com-63	224	33	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	225	1	Finally	finally	RB
www-nature-com-63	225	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	225	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	225	4	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	225	5	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	225	6	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	225	7	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	225	8	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	225	9	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	225	10	process	process	NN
www-nature-com-63	225	11	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	225	12	determined	determine	VBN
www-nature-com-63	225	13	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	225	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	225	15	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	225	16	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	225	17	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	225	18	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	225	19	average	average	JJ
www-nature-com-63	225	20	electricity	electricity	NN
www-nature-com-63	225	21	price	price	NN
www-nature-com-63	225	22	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	225	23	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	225	24	further	further	RB
www-nature-com-63	225	25	influences	influence	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	225	26	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	225	27	dynamics	dynamic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	225	28	behaviors	behavior	NNS
www-nature-com-63	225	29	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	225	30	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	225	31	miner	miner	NN
www-nature-com-63	225	32	’s	’s	POS
www-nature-com-63	225	33	investment	investment	NN
www-nature-com-63	225	34	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	226	1	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	226	2	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	226	3	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	226	4	subsystem	subsystem	NN
www-nature-com-63	226	5	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	227	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	227	2	site	site	NN
www-nature-com-63	227	3	selection	selection	NN
www-nature-com-63	227	4	strategies	strategy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	227	5	directly	directly	RB
www-nature-com-63	227	6	deter-	deter-	VBP
www-nature-com-63	227	7	mine	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	227	8	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	227	9	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	227	10	types	type	NNS
www-nature-com-63	227	11	consumed	consume	VBN
www-nature-com-63	227	12	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	227	13	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	227	14	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	228	1	Although	although	IN
www-nature-com-63	228	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	228	3	electricity	electricity	NN
www-nature-com-63	228	4	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	228	5	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	228	6	dis-	dis-	NN
www-nature-com-63	228	7	tinctive	tinctive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	228	8	energies	energy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	228	9	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	228	10	more	more	RBR
www-nature-com-63	228	11	or	or	CC
www-nature-com-63	228	12	less	less	RBR
www-nature-com-63	228	13	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	228	14	same	same	JJ
www-nature-com-63	228	15	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	228	16	their	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	228	17	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	228	18	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	228	19	patterns	pattern	NNS
www-nature-com-63	228	20	may	may	MD
www-nature-com-63	228	21	vary	vary	VB
www-nature-com-63	228	22	significantly	significantly	RB
www-nature-com-63	228	23	according	accord	VBG
www-nature-com-63	228	24	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	228	25	their	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	228	26	respective	respective	JJ
www-nature-com-63	228	27	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	228	28	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	228	29	index	index	NN
www-nature-com-63	228	30	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	229	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	229	2	comparison	comparison	NN
www-nature-com-63	229	3	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	229	4	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	229	5	located	locate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	229	6	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	229	7	hydro	hydro	NNP
www-nature-com-63	229	8	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	229	9	rich	rich	JJ
www-nature-com-63	229	10	regions	region	NNS
www-nature-com-63	229	11	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	229	12	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	229	13	located	locate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	229	14	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	229	15	coal	coal	NN
www-nature-com-63	229	16	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	229	17	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	229	18	regions	region	NNS
www-nature-com-63	229	19	generate	generate	VBP
www-nature-com-63	229	20	more	more	JJR
www-nature-com-63	229	21	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	229	22	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	229	23	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	229	24	under	under	IN
www-nature-com-63	229	25	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	229	26	similar	similar	JJ
www-nature-com-63	229	27	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	229	28	techniques	technique	NNS
www-nature-com-63	229	29	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	229	30	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	229	31	usage	usage	NN
www-nature-com-63	229	32	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	229	33	due	due	IN
www-nature-com-63	229	34	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	229	35	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	229	36	higher	high	JJR
www-nature-com-63	229	37	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	229	38	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	229	39	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	229	40	coal	coal	NN
www-nature-com-63	229	41	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	229	42	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	229	43	energy17	energy17	NNP
www-nature-com-63	229	44	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	230	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	230	2	proposed	propose	VBN
www-nature-com-63	230	3	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	230	4	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	230	5	collects	collect	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	230	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	230	7	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	230	8	footprint	footprint	NN
www-nature-com-63	230	9	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	230	10	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	230	11	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	230	12	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	230	13	both	both	CC
www-nature-com-63	230	14	coal	coal	NN
www-nature-com-63	230	15	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	230	16	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	230	17	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	230	18	hydro	hydro	NNP
www-nature-com-63	230	19	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	230	20	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	230	21	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	230	22	regions	region	NNS
www-nature-com-63	230	23	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	230	24	formulate	formulate	VB
www-nature-com-63	230	25	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	230	26	overall	overall	JJ
www-nature-com-63	230	27	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	230	28	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	230	29	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	230	30	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	230	31	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	230	32	whole	whole	JJ
www-nature-com-63	230	33	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	230	34	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	230	35	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	230	36	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	230	37	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	231	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	231	2	level	level	NN
www-nature-com-63	231	3	variable	variable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	231	4	GDP	GDP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	231	5	consists	consist	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	231	6	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	231	7	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	231	8	miner	miner	NN
www-nature-com-63	231	9	’s	’s	POS
www-nature-com-63	231	10	profit	profit	NN
www-nature-com-63	231	11	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	231	12	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	231	13	total	total	JJ
www-nature-com-63	231	14	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	231	15	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	231	16	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	231	17	suggests	suggest	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	231	18	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	231	19	productivity	productivity	NN
www-nature-com-63	231	20	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	231	21	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	231	22	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	231	23	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	231	24	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	232	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	232	2	also	also	RB
www-nature-com-63	232	3	serves	serve	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	232	4	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	232	5	an	an	DT
www-nature-com-63	232	6	auxiliary	auxiliary	JJ
www-nature-com-63	232	7	factor	factor	NN
www-nature-com-63	232	8	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	232	9	generate	generate	VB
www-nature-com-63	232	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	232	11	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	232	12	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	232	13	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	232	14	GDP	GDP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	232	15	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	232	16	our	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	232	17	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	232	18	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	232	19	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	232	20	provides	provide	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	232	21	guidance	guidance	NN
www-nature-com-63	232	22	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	232	23	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	232	24	makers	maker	NNS
www-nature-com-63	232	25	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	232	26	implement	implement	VB
www-nature-com-63	232	27	punitive	punitive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	232	28	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	232	29	taxation	taxation	NN
www-nature-com-63	232	30	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	232	31	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	232	32	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	232	33	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	233	1	Finally	finally	RB
www-nature-com-63	233	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	233	3	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	233	4	combining	combine	VBG
www-nature-com-63	233	5	both	both	DT
www-nature-com-63	233	6	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	233	7	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	233	8	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	233	9	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	233	10	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	233	11	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	233	12	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	233	13	total	total	JJ
www-nature-com-63	233	14	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	233	15	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	233	16	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	233	17	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	233	18	process	process	NN
www-nature-com-63	233	19	provides	provide	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	233	20	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	233	21	negative	negative	JJ
www-nature-com-63	233	22	feedback	feedback	NN
www-nature-com-63	233	23	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	233	24	miner	miner	NN
www-nature-com-63	233	25	’s	’s	POS
www-nature-com-63	233	26	profit	profit	NN
www-nature-com-63	233	27	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	233	28	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	233	29	their	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	233	30	investment	investment	NN
www-nature-com-63	233	31	strategies	strategy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	233	32	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	234	1	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	234	2	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	234	3	parameterizations	parameterization	NNS
www-nature-com-63	234	4	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	234	5	quantitative	quantitative	JJ
www-nature-com-63	234	6	settings	setting	NNS
www-nature-com-63	234	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	235	1	Our	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	235	2	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	235	3	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	235	4	has	have	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	235	5	been	be	VBN
www-nature-com-63	235	6	constructed	construct	VBN
www-nature-com-63	235	7	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	235	8	Vensim	Vensim	NNP
www-nature-com-63	235	9	software	software	NN
www-nature-com-63	235	10	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	235	11	PLE	PLE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	235	12	version	version	NN
www-nature-com-63	235	13	8.2.1	8.2.1	NNP
www-nature-com-63	235	14	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	235	15	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	236	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	236	2	time	time	NN
www-nature-com-63	236	3	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	236	4	related	relate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	236	5	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	236	6	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	236	7	time	time	NN
www-nature-com-63	236	8	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	236	9	series	series	NN
www-nature-com-63	236	10	data	datum	NNS
www-nature-com-63	236	11	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	236	12	obtained	obtain	VBN
www-nature-com-63	236	13	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	236	14	www.btc.com	www.btc.com	NNP
www-nature-com-63	236	15	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	236	16	including	include	VBG
www-nature-com-63	236	17	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	236	18	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	236	19	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	236	20	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	236	21	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	236	22	size	size	NN
www-nature-com-63	236	23	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	236	24	transaction	transaction	NN
www-nature-com-63	236	25	fee	fee	NN
www-nature-com-63	236	26	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	236	27	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	236	28	difficulty	difficulty	NN
www-nature-com-63	236	29	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	237	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	237	2	addition	addition	NN
www-nature-com-63	237	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	237	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	237	5	auxiliary	auxiliary	JJ
www-nature-com-63	237	6	parameters	parameter	NNS
www-nature-com-63	237	7	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	237	8	macroenvironment	macroenvironment	JJ
www-nature-com-63	237	9	variables	variable	NNS
www-nature-com-63	237	10	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	237	11	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	237	12	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	237	13	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	237	14	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	237	15	assessment	assessment	NN
www-nature-com-63	237	16	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	237	17	set	set	VBN
www-nature-com-63	237	18	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	237	19	considered	consider	VBN
www-nature-com-63	237	20	through	through	IN
www-nature-com-63	237	21	various	various	JJ
www-nature-com-63	237	22	guidelines	guideline	NNS
www-nature-com-63	237	23	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	238	1	For	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	238	2	example	example	NN
www-nature-com-63	238	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	238	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	238	5	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	238	6	intensities	intensity	NNS
www-nature-com-63	238	7	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	238	8	different	different	JJ
www-nature-com-63	238	9	energies	energy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	238	10	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	238	11	suggested	suggest	VBN
www-nature-com-63	238	12	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	238	13	Cheng	Cheng	NNP
www-nature-com-63	238	14	et	et	NNP
www-nature-com-63	238	15	al.35	al.35	NNP
www-nature-com-63	238	16	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	239	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	239	2	average	average	JJ
www-nature-com-63	239	3	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	239	4	cost	cost	NN
www-nature-com-63	239	5	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	239	6	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	239	7	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	239	8	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	239	9	taxation	taxation	NN
www-nature-com-63	239	10	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	239	11	collected	collect	VBN
www-nature-com-63	239	12	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	239	13	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	239	14	World	World	NNP
www-nature-com-63	239	15	Bank	Bank	NNP
www-nature-com-63	239	16	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	240	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	240	2	site	site	NN
www-nature-com-63	240	3	proportion	proportion	NN
www-nature-com-63	240	4	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	240	5	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	240	6	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	240	7	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	240	8	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	240	9	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	240	10	set	set	VBN
www-nature-com-63	240	11	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	240	12	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	240	13	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	240	14	regional	regional	JJ
www-nature-com-63	240	15	statistics	statistic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	240	16	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	240	17	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	240	18	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	240	19	pools	pool	NNS
www-nature-com-63	240	20	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	240	21	www.btc.com	www.btc.com	NNP
www-nature-com-63	240	22	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	241	1	Moreover	moreover	RB
www-nature-com-63	241	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	241	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	241	4	monthly	monthly	JJ
www-nature-com-63	241	5	historical	historical	JJ
www-nature-com-63	241	6	data	datum	NNS
www-nature-com-63	241	7	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	241	8	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	241	9	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	241	10	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	241	11	utilized	utilize	VBN
www-nature-com-63	241	12	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	241	13	time	time	NN
www-nature-com-63	241	14	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	241	15	related	relate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	241	16	parameter	parameter	NN
www-nature-com-63	241	17	regression	regression	NN
www-nature-com-63	241	18	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	241	19	simulation	simulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	241	20	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	241	21	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	241	22	period	period	NN
www-nature-com-63	241	23	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	241	24	January	January	NNP
www-nature-com-63	241	25	2014	2014	CD
www-nature-com-63	241	26	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	241	27	January	January	NNP
www-nature-com-63	241	28	2020	2020	CD
www-nature-com-63	241	29	through	through	IN
www-nature-com-63	241	30	Stata	Stata	NNP
www-nature-com-63	241	31	software	software	NN
www-nature-com-63	241	32	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	241	33	version	version	NN
www-nature-com-63	241	34	14.1	14.1	CD
www-nature-com-63	241	35	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	241	36	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	242	1	Based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	242	2	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	242	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	242	4	regressed	regress	VBN
www-nature-com-63	242	5	parameters	parameter	NNS
www-nature-com-63	242	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	242	7	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	242	8	whole	whole	JJ
www-nature-com-63	242	9	sample	sample	NN
www-nature-com-63	242	10	timesteps	timestep	NNS
www-nature-com-63	242	11	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	242	12	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	242	13	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	242	14	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	242	15	assessment	assessment	NN
www-nature-com-63	242	16	cover	cover	VBP
www-nature-com-63	242	17	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	242	18	period	period	NN
www-nature-com-63	242	19	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	242	20	January	January	NNP
www-nature-com-63	242	21	2014	2014	CD
www-nature-com-63	242	22	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	242	23	January	January	NNP
www-nature-com-63	242	24	2030	2030	CD
www-nature-com-63	242	25	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	242	26	this	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	242	27	study	study	NN
www-nature-com-63	242	28	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	242	29	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	242	30	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	242	31	available	available	JJ
www-nature-com-63	242	32	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	242	33	scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	242	34	investigations	investigation	NNS
www-nature-com-63	242	35	under	under	IN
www-nature-com-63	242	36	different	different	JJ
www-nature-com-63	242	37	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	242	38	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	242	39	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	243	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	243	2	initial	initial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	243	3	value	value	NN
www-nature-com-63	243	4	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	243	5	static	static	JJ
www-nature-com-63	243	6	parameters	parameter	NNS
www-nature-com-63	243	7	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	243	8	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	243	9	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	243	10	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	243	11	shown	show	VBN
www-nature-com-63	243	12	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	243	13	Supplementary	Supplementary	NNP
www-nature-com-63	243	14	Table	Table	NNP
www-nature-com-63	243	15	2	2	CD
www-nature-com-63	243	16	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	243	17	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	243	18	actual	actual	JJ
www-nature-com-63	243	19	values	value	NNS
www-nature-com-63	243	20	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	243	21	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	243	22	parameterizations	parameterization	NNS
www-nature-com-63	243	23	adopted	adopt	VBN
www-nature-com-63	243	24	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	243	25	reported	report	VBN
www-nature-com-63	243	26	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	243	27	Supplementary	Supplementary	NNP
www-nature-com-63	243	28	Methods	Methods	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	243	29	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	243	30	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	243	31	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	243	32	key	key	JJ
www-nature-com-63	243	33	quantitative	quantitative	JJ
www-nature-com-63	243	34	settings	setting	NNS
www-nature-com-63	243	35	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	243	36	each	each	DT
www-nature-com-63	243	37	subsystem	subsystem	NN
www-nature-com-63	243	38	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	243	39	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	243	40	respectively	respectively	RB
www-nature-com-63	243	41	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	243	42	run	run	VB
www-nature-com-63	243	43	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	243	44	follows	follow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	243	45	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	243	46	According	accord	VBG
www-nature-com-63	243	47	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	243	48	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	243	49	guidance	guidance	NN
www-nature-com-63	243	50	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	243	51	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	243	52	Cambridge	Cambridge	NNP
www-nature-com-63	243	53	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	243	54	Electricity	Electricity	NNP
www-nature-com-63	243	55	Consumption	Consumption	NNP
www-nature-com-63	243	56	Index	Index	NNP
www-nature-com-63	243	57	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	243	58	https://www.cbeci.org	https://www.cbeci.org	ADD
www-nature-com-63	243	59	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	243	60	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	243	61	Küfeoğlu	Küfeoğlu	NNP
www-nature-com-63	243	62	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	243	63	Özkuran16	Özkuran16	NNP
www-nature-com-63	243	64	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	243	65	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	243	66	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	243	67	equipment	equipment	NN
www-nature-com-63	243	68	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	243	69	required	require	VBN
www-nature-com-63	243	70	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	243	71	update	update	VB
www-nature-com-63	243	72	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	243	73	invest	invest	VB
www-nature-com-63	243	74	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	243	75	remaining	remain	VBG
www-nature-com-63	243	76	profitability	profitability	NN
www-nature-com-63	243	77	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	244	1	It	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	244	2	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	244	3	clear	clear	JJ
www-nature-com-63	244	4	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	244	5	mining	mine	VBG
www-nature-com-63	244	6	hardware	hardware	NN
www-nature-com-63	244	7	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	244	8	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	244	9	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	244	10	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	244	11	consists	consist	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	244	12	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	244	13	various	various	JJ
www-nature-com-63	244	14	equipments	equipment	NNS
www-nature-com-63	244	15	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	244	16	their	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	244	17	specifications	specification	NNS
www-nature-com-63	244	18	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	245	1	As	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	245	2	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	245	3	result	result	NN
www-nature-com-63	245	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	245	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	245	6	investment	investment	NN
www-nature-com-63	245	7	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	245	8	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	245	9	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	245	10	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	245	11	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	245	12	computed	compute	VBN
www-nature-com-63	245	13	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	245	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	245	15	average	average	JJ
www-nature-com-63	245	16	price	price	NN
www-nature-com-63	245	17	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	245	18	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	245	19	profitable	profitable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	245	20	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	245	21	hardware	hardware	NN
www-nature-com-63	245	22	portfolio	portfolio	NN
www-nature-com-63	245	23	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	246	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	246	2	quantitative	quantitative	JJ
www-nature-com-63	246	3	relationship	relationship	NN
www-nature-com-63	246	4	between	between	IN
www-nature-com-63	246	5	investment	investment	NN
www-nature-com-63	246	6	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	246	7	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	246	8	time	time	NN
www-nature-com-63	246	9	can	can	MD
www-nature-com-63	246	10	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	246	11	expressed	express	VBN
www-nature-com-63	246	12	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	246	13	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	246	14	following	follow	VBG
www-nature-com-63	246	15	form	form	NN
www-nature-com-63	246	16	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	246	17	Investment	investment	NN
www-nature-com-63	246	18	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	246	19	¼	¼	NN
www-nature-com-63	246	20	α1	α1	FW
www-nature-com-63	246	21	´	´	CD
www-nature-com-63	246	22	Time	Time	NNP
www-nature-com-63	246	23	´	´	CD
www-nature-com-63	246	24	Proportion	proportion	NN
www-nature-com-63	246	25	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	246	26	Chinese	chinese	JJ
www-nature-com-63	246	27	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	246	28	ð1Þ	ð1Þ	NNS
www-nature-com-63	246	29	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	246	30	Eq	Eq	NNP
www-nature-com-63	246	31	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	247	1	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	247	2	1	1	CD
www-nature-com-63	247	3	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	247	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	247	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	247	6	parameter	parameter	NN
www-nature-com-63	247	7	α1	α1	NNP
www-nature-com-63	247	8	serves	serve	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	247	9	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	247	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	247	11	investment	investment	NN
www-nature-com-63	247	12	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	247	13	function	function	NN
www-nature-com-63	247	14	coefficient	coefficient	JJ
www-nature-com-63	247	15	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	247	16	time	time	NN
www-nature-com-63	247	17	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	247	18	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	247	19	proportion	proportion	NN
www-nature-com-63	247	20	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	247	21	Chinese	chinese	JJ
www-nature-com-63	247	22	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	247	23	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	247	24	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	247	25	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	247	26	estimated	estimate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	247	27	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	247	28	formulated	formulate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	247	29	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	247	30	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	247	31	historical	historical	JJ
www-nature-com-63	247	32	data	datum	NNS
www-nature-com-63	247	33	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	247	34	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	247	35	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	247	36	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	247	37	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	247	38	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	247	39	period	period	NN
www-nature-com-63	247	40	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	247	41	January	January	NNP
www-nature-com-63	247	42	2014–January	2014–january	CD
www-nature-com-63	247	43	2020	2020	CD
www-nature-com-63	247	44	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	248	1	Then	then	RB
www-nature-com-63	248	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	248	3	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	248	4	miner	miner	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	5	profits	profit	NNS
www-nature-com-63	248	6	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	248	7	accumulated	accumulate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	248	8	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	248	9	profit	profit	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	10	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	11	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	248	12	investment	investment	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	13	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	14	flows	flow	NNS
www-nature-com-63	248	15	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	248	16	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	248	17	can	can	MD
www-nature-com-63	248	18	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	248	19	obtained	obtain	VBN
www-nature-com-63	248	20	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	248	21	follows	follow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	248	22	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	248	23	Miner	Miner	NNP
www-nature-com-63	248	24	cumulative	cumulative	JJ
www-nature-com-63	248	25	profitst	profitst	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	26	¼	¼	JJ
www-nature-com-63	248	27	Z	z	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	28	t	t	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	29	0	0	CD
www-nature-com-63	248	30	Miner	Miner	NNP
www-nature-com-63	248	31	profit	profit	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	32	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	33	�	�	NNP
www-nature-com-63	248	34	Investment	investment	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	35	intensityð	intensityð	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	36	Þdt	Þdt	NNP
www-nature-com-63	248	37	ð2Þ	ð2Þ	NNP
www-nature-com-63	248	38	As	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	248	39	discussed	discuss	VBN
www-nature-com-63	248	40	above	above	RB
www-nature-com-63	248	41	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	248	42	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	248	43	aim	aim	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	44	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	248	45	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	248	46	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	47	hardware	hardware	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	48	investment	investment	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	49	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	248	50	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	248	51	improve	improve	VB
www-nature-com-63	248	52	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	248	53	miner	miner	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	54	’s	’s	POS
www-nature-com-63	248	55	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	56	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	57	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	248	58	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	248	59	probability	probability	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	60	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	248	61	broadcasting	broadcast	VBG
www-nature-com-63	248	62	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	248	63	new	new	JJ
www-nature-com-63	248	64	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	248	65	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	249	1	Utilizing	utilize	VBG
www-nature-com-63	249	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	249	3	statistics	statistic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	249	4	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	249	5	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	249	6	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	249	7	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	249	8	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	249	9	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	249	10	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	249	11	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	249	12	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	249	13	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	249	14	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	249	15	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	249	16	regressed	regress	VBN
www-nature-com-63	249	17	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	249	18	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	249	19	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	249	20	equation	equation	NN
www-nature-com-63	249	21	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	249	22	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	249	23	Mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	249	24	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	249	25	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	249	26	¼	¼	JJ
www-nature-com-63	249	27	eβ1þα2Investment	eβ1þα2investment	JJ
www-nature-com-63	249	28	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	249	29	ð3Þ	ð3Þ	NNP
www-nature-com-63	249	30	Where	where	WRB
www-nature-com-63	249	31	β1	β1	NNP
www-nature-com-63	249	32	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	249	33	α2	α2	NNP
www-nature-com-63	249	34	represent	represent	VBP
www-nature-com-63	249	35	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	249	36	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	249	37	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	249	38	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	249	39	constant	constant	JJ
www-nature-com-63	249	40	function	function	NN
www-nature-com-63	249	41	coefficient	coefficient	NN
www-nature-com-63	249	42	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	249	43	coefficient	coefficient	NN
www-nature-com-63	249	44	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	249	45	investment	investment	NN
www-nature-com-63	249	46	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	249	47	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	249	48	respectively	respectively	RB
www-nature-com-63	249	49	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	250	1	Similarly	similarly	RB
www-nature-com-63	250	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	250	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	250	4	average	average	JJ
www-nature-com-63	250	5	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	250	6	size	size	NN
www-nature-com-63	250	7	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	250	8	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	250	9	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	250	10	consistent	consistent	JJ
www-nature-com-63	250	11	with	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	250	12	time	time	NN
www-nature-com-63	250	13	due	due	IN
www-nature-com-63	250	14	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	250	15	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	250	16	growing	grow	VBG
www-nature-com-63	250	17	popularity	popularity	NN
www-nature-com-63	250	18	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	250	19	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	250	20	transactions	transaction	NNS
www-nature-com-63	250	21	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	250	22	investment	investment	NN
www-nature-com-63	250	23	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	251	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	251	2	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	251	3	size	size	NN
www-nature-com-63	251	4	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	251	5	estimated	estimate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	251	6	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	251	7	time	time	NN
www-nature-com-63	251	8	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	251	9	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	251	10	illustrated	illustrate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	251	11	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	251	12	below	below	IN
www-nature-com-63	251	13	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	251	14	Block	Block	NNP
www-nature-com-63	251	15	size	size	NN
www-nature-com-63	251	16	¼	¼	NNP
www-nature-com-63	251	17	eβ2þα3Time	eβ2þα3time	ADD
www-nature-com-63	251	18	ð4Þ	ð4Þ	NNP
www-nature-com-63	251	19	Where	where	WRB
www-nature-com-63	251	20	β2	β2	NNP
www-nature-com-63	251	21	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	251	22	α3	α3	NNP
www-nature-com-63	251	23	indicate	indicate	VBP
www-nature-com-63	251	24	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	251	25	block	block	NN
www-nature-com-63	251	26	size	size	NN
www-nature-com-63	251	27	function	function	NN
www-nature-com-63	251	28	constant	constant	JJ
www-nature-com-63	251	29	coefficient	coefficient	NN
www-nature-com-63	251	30	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	251	31	coefficient	coefficient	NN
www-nature-com-63	251	32	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	251	33	time	time	NN
www-nature-com-63	251	34	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	251	35	respectively	respectively	RB
www-nature-com-63	251	36	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	252	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	252	2	proportion	proportion	NN
www-nature-com-63	252	3	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	252	4	Chinese	chinese	JJ
www-nature-com-63	252	5	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	252	6	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	252	7	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	252	8	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	252	9	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	252	10	process	process	NN
www-nature-com-63	252	11	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	252	12	gradually	gradually	RB
www-nature-com-63	252	13	decrease	decrease	VB
www-nature-com-63	252	14	if	if	IN
www-nature-com-63	252	15	mining	mine	VBG
www-nature-com-63	252	16	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	252	17	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	252	18	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	252	19	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	252	20	not	not	RB
www-nature-com-63	252	21	profitable	profitable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	252	22	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	253	1	So	so	RB
www-nature-com-63	253	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	253	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	253	4	proportion	proportion	NN
www-nature-com-63	253	5	parameter	parameter	NN
www-nature-com-63	253	6	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	253	7	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	253	8	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	253	9	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	253	10	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	253	11	set	set	VBN
www-nature-com-63	253	12	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	253	13	follows	follow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	253	14	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	253	15	Proportion	proportion	NN
www-nature-com-63	253	16	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	253	17	Chinese	chinese	JJ
www-nature-com-63	253	18	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	253	19	¼IF	¼IF	NNP
www-nature-com-63	253	20	THEN	then	RB
www-nature-com-63	253	21	ELSEðMiner	ELSEðMiner	NNP
www-nature-com-63	253	22	cumulative	cumulative	JJ
www-nature-com-63	253	23	Profits	profit	NNS
www-nature-com-63	253	24	<	<	XX
www-nature-com-63	253	25	0	0	NFP
www-nature-com-63	253	26	;	;	:
www-nature-com-63	253	27	0:7	0:7	NFP
www-nature-com-63	253	28	�	�	NNP
www-nature-com-63	253	29	0:01	0:01	CD
www-nature-com-63	253	30	´	´	CD
www-nature-com-63	253	31	Time	Time	NNP
www-nature-com-63	253	32	;	;	:
www-nature-com-63	253	33	0:7Þ	0:7Þ	NFP
www-nature-com-63	253	34	ð5Þ	ð5þ	NN
www-nature-com-63	253	35	Suggested	suggest	VBN
www-nature-com-63	253	36	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	253	37	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	253	38	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	253	39	pool	pool	NN
www-nature-com-63	253	40	statistics	statistic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	253	41	obtained	obtain	VBN
www-nature-com-63	253	42	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	253	43	BTC.com	BTC.com	NNP
www-nature-com-63	253	44	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	253	45	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	253	46	accounts	account	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	253	47	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	253	48	approximately	approximately	RB
www-nature-com-63	253	49	70	70	CD
www-nature-com-63	253	50	%	%	NN
www-nature-com-63	253	51	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	253	52	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	253	53	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	253	54	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	253	55	around	around	IN
www-nature-com-63	253	56	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	253	57	world	world	NN
www-nature-com-63	253	58	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	254	1	As	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	254	2	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	254	3	result	result	NN
www-nature-com-63	254	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	254	5	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	254	6	set	set	VBD
www-nature-com-63	254	7	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	254	8	initial	initial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	254	9	proportion	proportion	NN
www-nature-com-63	254	10	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	254	11	Chinese	chinese	JJ
www-nature-com-63	254	12	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	254	13	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	254	14	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	254	15	70	70	CD
www-nature-com-63	254	16	%	%	NN
www-nature-com-63	254	17	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	255	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	255	2	addition	addition	NN
www-nature-com-63	255	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	255	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	255	5	proportion	proportion	NN
www-nature-com-63	255	6	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	255	7	Chinese	chinese	JJ
www-nature-com-63	255	8	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	255	9	miners	miner	NNS
www-nature-com-63	255	10	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	255	11	gradually	gradually	RB
www-nature-com-63	255	12	decrease	decrease	VB
www-nature-com-63	255	13	if	if	IN
www-nature-com-63	255	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	255	15	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	255	16	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	255	17	process	process	NN
www-nature-com-63	255	18	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	255	19	no	no	DT
www-nature-com-63	255	20	longer	long	RBR
www-nature-com-63	255	21	profitable	profitable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	255	22	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	255	23	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	255	24	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	256	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	256	2	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	256	3	consumed	consume	VBN
www-nature-com-63	256	4	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	256	5	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	256	6	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	256	7	reduce	reduce	VB
www-nature-com-63	256	8	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	256	9	i.e.	i.e.	FW
www-nature-com-63	256	10	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	256	11	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	256	12	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	256	13	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	256	14	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	256	15	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	256	16	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	256	17	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	256	18	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	256	19	improve	improve	VB
www-nature-com-63	256	20	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	256	21	when	when	WRB
www-nature-com-63	256	22	updated	update	VBN
www-nature-com-63	256	23	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	256	24	hardware	hardware	NN
www-nature-com-63	256	25	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	256	26	invested	invest	VBN
www-nature-com-63	256	27	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	256	28	introduced	introduce	VBN
www-nature-com-63	256	29	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	257	1	Moreover	moreover	RB
www-nature-com-63	257	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	257	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	257	4	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	257	5	access	access	NN
www-nature-com-63	257	6	standard	standard	NN
www-nature-com-63	257	7	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	257	8	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	257	9	proposed	propose	VBN
www-nature-com-63	257	10	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	257	11	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	257	12	makers	maker	NNS
www-nature-com-63	257	13	also	also	RB
www-nature-com-63	257	14	affects	affect	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	257	15	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	257	16	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	257	17	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	258	1	Consequently	consequently	RB
www-nature-com-63	258	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	258	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	258	4	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	258	5	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	258	6	can	can	MD
www-nature-com-63	258	7	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	258	8	calculated	calculate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	258	9	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	258	10	follows	follow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	258	11	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	258	12	Mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	258	13	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	258	14	¼	¼	JJ
www-nature-com-63	258	15	eβ3þα4	eβ3þα4	NNP
www-nature-com-63	258	16	´	´	NNP
www-nature-com-63	258	17	Investment	Investment	NNP
www-nature-com-63	258	18	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	258	19	´	´	CD
www-nature-com-63	258	20	Market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	258	21	assess	assess	VBP
www-nature-com-63	258	22	standard	standard	NN
www-nature-com-63	258	23	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	258	24	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	258	25	ð6Þ	ð6þ	NN
www-nature-com-63	258	26	Where	where	WRB
www-nature-com-63	258	27	β3	β3	NNP
www-nature-com-63	258	28	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	258	29	α4	α4	NNP
www-nature-com-63	258	30	act	act	NNP
www-nature-com-63	258	31	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	258	32	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	258	33	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	258	34	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	258	35	function	function	VBP
www-nature-com-63	258	36	constant	constant	JJ
www-nature-com-63	258	37	coefficient	coefficient	NN
www-nature-com-63	258	38	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	258	39	coefficient	coefficient	NN
www-nature-com-63	258	40	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	258	41	investment	investment	NN
www-nature-com-63	258	42	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	258	43	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	258	44	market	market	NN
www-nature-com-63	258	45	access	access	NN
www-nature-com-63	258	46	standard	standard	NN
www-nature-com-63	258	47	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	258	48	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	258	49	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	258	50	respectively	respectively	RB
www-nature-com-63	258	51	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	259	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	259	2	above	above	JJ
www-nature-com-63	259	3	function	function	NN
www-nature-com-63	259	4	coefficients	coefficient	NNS
www-nature-com-63	259	5	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	259	6	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	259	7	parameters	parameter	NNS
www-nature-com-63	259	8	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	259	9	regressed	regress	VBN
www-nature-com-63	259	10	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	259	11	formulated	formulate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	259	12	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	259	13	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	259	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	259	15	actual	actual	JJ
www-nature-com-63	259	16	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	259	17	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	259	18	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	259	19	data	datum	NNS
www-nature-com-63	259	20	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	259	21	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	259	22	period	period	NN
www-nature-com-63	259	23	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	259	24	January	January	NNP
www-nature-com-63	259	25	2014	2014	CD
www-nature-com-63	259	26	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	259	27	January	January	NNP
www-nature-com-63	259	28	2020	2020	CD
www-nature-com-63	259	29	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	259	30	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	259	31	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	259	32	specific	specific	JJ
www-nature-com-63	259	33	value	value	NN
www-nature-com-63	259	34	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	259	35	each	each	DT
www-nature-com-63	259	36	parameter	parameter	NN
www-nature-com-63	259	37	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	259	38	reported	report	VBN
www-nature-com-63	259	39	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	259	40	Supplementary	Supplementary	NNP
www-nature-com-63	259	41	Methods	Methods	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	259	42	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	260	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	260	2	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	260	3	power	power	NN
www-nature-com-63	260	4	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	260	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	260	6	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	260	7	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	260	8	can	can	MD
www-nature-com-63	260	9	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	260	10	obtained	obtain	VBN
www-nature-com-63	260	11	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	260	12	network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	260	13	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	260	14	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	260	15	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	260	16	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	260	17	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	260	18	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	261	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	261	2	equation	equation	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	3	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	261	4	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	5	power	power	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	6	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	261	7	shown	show	VBN
www-nature-com-63	261	8	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	261	9	follows	follow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	261	10	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	261	11	Mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	12	power	power	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	13	¼	¼	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	14	Mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	15	hash	hash	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	16	rate	rate	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	17	´	´	CD
www-nature-com-63	261	18	Mining	Mining	NNP
www-nature-com-63	261	19	efficiency	efficiency	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	20	ð7Þ	ð7Þ	NNP
www-nature-com-63	261	21	ARTICLE	ARTICLE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	261	22	NATURE	NATURE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	261	23	COMMUNICATIONS	communication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	261	24	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	261	25	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	261	26	8	8	CD
www-nature-com-63	261	27	NATURE	NATURE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	261	28	COMMUNICATIONS	communication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	261	29	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	261	30	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	261	31	2021	2021	CD
www-nature-com-63	261	32	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	261	33	12:1938	12:1938	CD
www-nature-com-63	261	34	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	261	35	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	261	36	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	261	37	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	261	38	http://www.btc.com	http://www.btc.com	NNP
www-nature-com-63	261	39	http://www.btc.com	http://www.btc.com	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	40	https://www.cbeci.org	https://www.cbeci.org	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	261	41	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	261	42	Finally	finally	RB
www-nature-com-63	261	43	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	261	44	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	261	45	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	46	consumed	consume	VBN
www-nature-com-63	261	47	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	261	48	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	261	49	whole	whole	JJ
www-nature-com-63	261	50	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	261	51	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	52	can	can	MD
www-nature-com-63	261	53	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	261	54	expressed	express	VBN
www-nature-com-63	261	55	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	261	56	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	57	power	power	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	58	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	261	59	power	power	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	60	usage	usage	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	61	effectiveness	effectiveness	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	62	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	261	63	Network	network	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	64	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	65	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	66	¼	¼	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	67	Mining	Mining	NNP
www-nature-com-63	261	68	power	power	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	69	´	´	NNP
www-nature-com-63	261	70	Power	Power	NNP
www-nature-com-63	261	71	usage	usage	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	72	effectiveness	effectiveness	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	73	ð8Þ	ð8þ	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	74	Employing	employ	VBG
www-nature-com-63	261	75	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	261	76	regional	regional	JJ
www-nature-com-63	261	77	data	datum	NNS
www-nature-com-63	261	78	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	261	79	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	261	80	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	81	pools	pool	NNS
www-nature-com-63	261	82	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	261	83	coal	coal	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	84	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	261	85	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	261	86	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	261	87	hydro	hydro	NNP
www-nature-com-63	261	88	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	261	89	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	261	90	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	261	91	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	261	92	proportionally	proportionally	RB
www-nature-com-63	261	93	consumed	consume	VBN
www-nature-com-63	261	94	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	261	95	distinctive	distinctive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	261	96	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	261	97	pools	pool	NNS
www-nature-com-63	261	98	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	262	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	262	2	total	total	JJ
www-nature-com-63	262	3	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	262	4	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	262	5	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	262	6	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	262	7	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	262	8	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	262	9	measured	measure	VBN
www-nature-com-63	262	10	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	262	11	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	262	12	sum	sum	NN
www-nature-com-63	262	13	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	262	14	both	both	CC
www-nature-com-63	262	15	monthly	monthly	JJ
www-nature-com-63	262	16	coal	coal	NN
www-nature-com-63	262	17	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	262	18	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	262	19	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	262	20	hydro	hydro	NNP
www-nature-com-63	262	21	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	262	22	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	262	23	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	262	24	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	262	25	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	262	26	growth	growth	NN
www-nature-com-63	262	27	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	263	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	263	2	integration	integration	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	3	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	263	4	total	total	JJ
www-nature-com-63	263	5	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	6	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	7	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	263	8	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	263	9	Total	total	JJ
www-nature-com-63	263	10	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	11	emissiont	emissiont	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	12	¼	¼	NNP
www-nature-com-63	263	13	Z	Z	NNP
www-nature-com-63	263	14	t	t	NNP
www-nature-com-63	263	15	0	0	NFP
www-nature-com-63	263	16	Carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	17	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	18	flow	flow	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	19	dt	dt	NNP
www-nature-com-63	263	20	ð9Þ	ð9þ	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	21	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	263	22	addition	addition	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	23	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	263	24	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	25	emissions	emission	NNS
www-nature-com-63	263	26	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	263	27	GDP	GDP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	263	28	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	263	29	introduced	introduce	VBN
www-nature-com-63	263	30	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	263	31	investigate	investigate	VB
www-nature-com-63	263	32	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	263	33	overall	overall	JJ
www-nature-com-63	263	34	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	35	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	36	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	263	37	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	263	38	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	263	39	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	40	process	process	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	41	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	263	42	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	263	43	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	263	44	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	263	45	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	263	46	formulated	formulate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	263	47	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	263	48	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	263	49	following	following	JJ
www-nature-com-63	263	50	equation	equation	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	51	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	263	52	Carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	53	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	54	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	263	55	GDP	GDP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	263	56	¼	¼	FW
www-nature-com-63	263	57	Carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	58	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	59	=	=	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	263	60	GDP	GDP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	263	61	ð10Þ	ð10þ	CD
www-nature-com-63	263	62	Suggested	suggest	VBN
www-nature-com-63	263	63	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	263	64	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	263	65	World	World	NNP
www-nature-com-63	263	66	Bank	Bank	NNP
www-nature-com-63	263	67	database	database	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	68	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	263	69	we	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	263	70	introduce	introduce	VBP
www-nature-com-63	263	71	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	263	72	average	average	JJ
www-nature-com-63	263	73	taxation	taxation	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	74	percentage	percentage	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	75	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	263	76	industrial	industrial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	263	77	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	78	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	79	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	263	80	1	1	CD
www-nature-com-63	263	81	%	%	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	82	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	263	83	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	263	84	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	263	85	initial	initial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	263	86	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	87	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	88	parameter	parameter	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	89	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	263	90	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	263	91	modeling	modeling	NN
www-nature-com-63	263	92	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	264	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	264	2	addition	addition	NN
www-nature-com-63	264	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	264	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	264	5	punitive	punitive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	264	6	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	264	7	taxation	taxation	NN
www-nature-com-63	264	8	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	264	9	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	264	10	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	264	11	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	264	12	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	264	13	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	264	14	conducted	conduct	VBN
www-nature-com-63	264	15	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	264	16	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	264	17	makers	maker	NNS
www-nature-com-63	264	18	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	264	19	i.e	i.e	NNP
www-nature-com-63	264	20	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	264	21	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	264	22	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	264	23	taxation	taxation	NN
www-nature-com-63	264	24	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	264	25	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	264	26	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	264	27	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	264	28	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	264	29	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	264	30	doubled	double	VBN
www-nature-com-63	264	31	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	264	32	if	if	IN
www-nature-com-63	264	33	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	264	34	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	264	35	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	264	36	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	264	37	GDP	GDP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	264	38	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	264	39	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	264	40	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	264	41	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	264	42	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	264	43	larger	large	JJR
www-nature-com-63	264	44	than	than	IN
www-nature-com-63	264	45	average	average	JJ
www-nature-com-63	264	46	industrial	industrial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	264	47	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	264	48	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	264	49	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	264	50	GDP	GDP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	264	51	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	264	52	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	264	53	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	264	54	2	2	CD
www-nature-com-63	264	55	kg	kg	NNP
www-nature-com-63	264	56	/	/	SYM
www-nature-com-63	264	57	GDP	GDP	NNP
www-nature-com-63	264	58	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	264	59	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	265	1	As	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	265	2	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	265	3	result	result	NN
www-nature-com-63	265	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	265	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	265	6	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	265	7	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	265	8	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	265	9	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	265	10	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	265	11	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	265	12	set	set	VBN
www-nature-com-63	265	13	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	265	14	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	265	15	Carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	265	16	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	265	17	¼	¼	NN
www-nature-com-63	265	18	0:01	0:01	CD
www-nature-com-63	265	19	´	´	CD
www-nature-com-63	265	20	IF	if	IN
www-nature-com-63	265	21	THEN	then	RB
www-nature-com-63	265	22	ELSEðcarbon	elseðcarbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	265	23	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	265	24	per	per	IN
www-nature-com-63	265	25	GDP>2	gdp>2	JJ
www-nature-com-63	265	26	;	;	:
www-nature-com-63	265	27	2	2	CD
www-nature-com-63	265	28	;	;	:
www-nature-com-63	265	29	1Þ	1Þ	NNP
www-nature-com-63	265	30	ð11Þ	ð11Þ	NNP
www-nature-com-63	265	31	Validation	validation	NN
www-nature-com-63	265	32	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	265	33	robustness	robustness	NN
www-nature-com-63	265	34	tests	test	NNS
www-nature-com-63	265	35	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	266	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	266	2	order	order	NN
www-nature-com-63	266	3	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	266	4	test	test	VB
www-nature-com-63	266	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	266	6	suitability	suitability	NN
www-nature-com-63	266	7	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	266	8	robustness	robustness	NN
www-nature-com-63	266	9	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	266	10	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	266	11	modeling	modeling	NN
www-nature-com-63	266	12	system	system	NN
www-nature-com-63	266	13	structures	structure	NNS
www-nature-com-63	266	14	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	266	15	behaviors	behavior	NNS
www-nature-com-63	266	16	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	266	17	three	three	CD
www-nature-com-63	266	18	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	266	19	validation	validation	NN
www-nature-com-63	266	20	experi-	experi-	NN
www-nature-com-63	266	21	ments	ment	NNS
www-nature-com-63	266	22	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	266	23	introduced	introduce	VBN
www-nature-com-63	266	24	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	266	25	conducted	conduct	VBN
www-nature-com-63	266	26	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	266	27	our	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	266	28	study	study	NN
www-nature-com-63	266	29	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	266	30	i.e.	i.e.	FW
www-nature-com-63	266	31	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	266	32	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	266	33	structural	structural	JJ
www-nature-com-63	266	34	suitability	suitability	NN
www-nature-com-63	266	35	tests	test	NNS
www-nature-com-63	266	36	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	266	37	see	see	VB
www-nature-com-63	266	38	Supplementary	Supplementary	NNP
www-nature-com-63	266	39	Fig	Fig	NNP
www-nature-com-63	266	40	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	267	1	3	3	LS
www-nature-com-63	267	2	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	267	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	267	4	reality	reality	NN
www-nature-com-63	267	5	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	267	6	statistical	statistical	JJ
www-nature-com-63	267	7	tests	test	NNS
www-nature-com-63	267	8	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	267	9	see	see	VB
www-nature-com-63	267	10	Supplementary	Supplementary	NNP
www-nature-com-63	267	11	Fig	Fig	NNP
www-nature-com-63	267	12	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	268	1	4	4	LS
www-nature-com-63	268	2	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	268	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	268	4	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	268	5	sensitivity	sensitivity	NN
www-nature-com-63	268	6	analysis	analysis	NN
www-nature-com-63	268	7	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	268	8	see	see	VB
www-nature-com-63	268	9	Supplementary	Supplementary	NNP
www-nature-com-63	268	10	Fig	Fig	NNP
www-nature-com-63	268	11	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	269	1	5	5	LS
www-nature-com-63	269	2	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	269	3	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	270	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	270	2	validation	validation	NN
www-nature-com-63	270	3	results	result	NNS
www-nature-com-63	270	4	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	270	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	270	6	three	three	CD
www-nature-com-63	270	7	tests	test	NNS
www-nature-com-63	270	8	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	270	9	reported	report	VBN
www-nature-com-63	270	10	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	270	11	Supplementary	Supplementary	NNP
www-nature-com-63	270	12	Discussion	Discussion	NNP
www-nature-com-63	270	13	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	271	1	Overall	overall	RB
www-nature-com-63	271	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	271	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	271	4	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	271	5	validation	validation	NN
www-nature-com-63	271	6	results	result	NNS
www-nature-com-63	271	7	indicate	indicate	VBP
www-nature-com-63	271	8	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	271	9	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	271	10	proposed	propose	VBN
www-nature-com-63	271	11	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	271	12	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	271	13	can	can	MD
www-nature-com-63	271	14	effectively	effectively	RB
www-nature-com-63	271	15	simulate	simulate	VB
www-nature-com-63	271	16	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	271	17	causal	causal	JJ
www-nature-com-63	271	18	relationship	relationship	NN
www-nature-com-63	271	19	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	271	20	feedback	feedback	NN
www-nature-com-63	271	21	loops	loop	NNS
www-nature-com-63	271	22	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	271	23	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	271	24	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	271	25	system	system	NN
www-nature-com-63	271	26	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	271	27	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	271	28	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	271	29	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	271	30	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	271	31	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	271	32	parameters	parameter	NNS
www-nature-com-63	271	33	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	271	34	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	271	35	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	271	36	have	have	VBP
www-nature-com-63	271	37	significant	significant	JJ
www-nature-com-63	271	38	consistencies	consistency	NNS
www-nature-com-63	271	39	with	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	271	40	actual	actual	JJ
www-nature-com-63	271	41	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	271	42	operating	operating	NN
www-nature-com-63	271	43	time	time	NN
www-nature-com-63	271	44	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	271	45	series	series	NN
www-nature-com-63	271	46	data	datum	NNS
www-nature-com-63	271	47	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	272	1	In	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	272	2	addition	addition	NN
www-nature-com-63	272	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	272	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	272	5	sensitivity	sensitivity	NN
www-nature-com-63	272	6	analysis	analysis	NN
www-nature-com-63	272	7	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	272	8	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	272	9	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	272	10	also	also	RB
www-nature-com-63	272	11	shows	show	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	272	12	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	272	13	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	272	14	slight	slight	JJ
www-nature-com-63	272	15	variation	variation	NN
www-nature-com-63	272	16	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	272	17	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	272	18	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	272	19	parameters	parameter	NNS
www-nature-com-63	272	20	does	do	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	272	21	not	not	RB
www-nature-com-63	272	22	lead	lead	VB
www-nature-com-63	272	23	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	272	24	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	272	25	remarkable	remarkable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	272	26	changes	change	NNS
www-nature-com-63	272	27	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	272	28	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	272	29	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	272	30	behaviors	behavior	NNS
www-nature-com-63	272	31	or	or	CC
www-nature-com-63	272	32	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	272	33	ranking	ranking	NN
www-nature-com-63	272	34	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	272	35	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	272	36	intended	intended	JJ
www-nature-com-63	272	37	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	272	38	reduction	reduction	NN
www-nature-com-63	272	39	policies	policy	NNS
www-nature-com-63	272	40	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	272	41	thus	thus	RB
www-nature-com-63	272	42	indicating	indicate	VBG
www-nature-com-63	272	43	that	that	IN
www-nature-com-63	272	44	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	272	45	proposed	propose	VBN
www-nature-com-63	272	46	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	272	47	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	272	48	has	have	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	272	49	excellent	excellent	JJ
www-nature-com-63	272	50	behavioral	behavioral	JJ
www-nature-com-63	272	51	robustness	robustness	NN
www-nature-com-63	272	52	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	272	53	stability	stability	NN
www-nature-com-63	272	54	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	273	1	Reporting	report	VBG
www-nature-com-63	273	2	summary	summary	NN
www-nature-com-63	273	3	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	274	1	Further	further	JJ
www-nature-com-63	274	2	information	information	NN
www-nature-com-63	274	3	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	274	4	experimental	experimental	JJ
www-nature-com-63	274	5	design	design	NN
www-nature-com-63	274	6	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	274	7	available	available	JJ
www-nature-com-63	274	8	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	274	9	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	274	10	Nature	Nature	NNP
www-nature-com-63	274	11	Research	Research	NNP
www-nature-com-63	274	12	Reporting	Reporting	NNP
www-nature-com-63	274	13	Summary	Summary	NNP
www-nature-com-63	274	14	linked	link	VBD
www-nature-com-63	274	15	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	274	16	this	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	274	17	paper	paper	NN
www-nature-com-63	274	18	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	275	1	Data	datum	NNS
www-nature-com-63	275	2	availability	availability	NN
www-nature-com-63	275	3	All	all	DT
www-nature-com-63	275	4	original	original	JJ
www-nature-com-63	275	5	datasets	dataset	NNS
www-nature-com-63	275	6	used	use	VBN
www-nature-com-63	275	7	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	275	8	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	275	9	generated	generate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	275	10	data	datum	NNS
www-nature-com-63	275	11	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	275	12	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	275	13	results	result	NNS
www-nature-com-63	275	14	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	275	15	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	275	16	study	study	NN
www-nature-com-63	275	17	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	275	18	available	available	JJ
www-nature-com-63	275	19	at	at	IN
www-nature-com-63	275	20	CEADS	CEADS	NNP
www-nature-com-63	275	21	database	database	NN
www-nature-com-63	275	22	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	275	23	https://www.ceads.net/user/download-anonymous.php	https://www.ceads.net/user/download-anonymous.php	NN
www-nature-com-63	275	24	?	?	.
www-nature-com-63	276	1	id=1083	id=1083	LS
www-nature-com-63	276	2	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	276	3	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	277	1	All	all	DT
www-nature-com-63	277	2	data	datum	NNS
www-nature-com-63	277	3	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	277	4	also	also	RB
www-nature-com-63	277	5	available	available	JJ
www-nature-com-63	277	6	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	277	7	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	277	8	corresponding	correspond	VBG
www-nature-com-63	277	9	authors	author	NNS
www-nature-com-63	277	10	upon	upon	IN
www-nature-com-63	277	11	reasonable	reasonable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	277	12	request	request	NN
www-nature-com-63	277	13	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	278	1	Received	receive	VBN
www-nature-com-63	278	2	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	278	3	25	25	CD
www-nature-com-63	278	4	August	August	NNP
www-nature-com-63	278	5	2020	2020	CD
www-nature-com-63	278	6	;	;	:
www-nature-com-63	278	7	Accepted	accept	VBN
www-nature-com-63	278	8	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	278	9	2	2	CD
www-nature-com-63	278	10	March	March	NNP
www-nature-com-63	278	11	2021	2021	CD
www-nature-com-63	278	12	;	;	:
www-nature-com-63	278	13	References	reference	NNS
www-nature-com-63	278	14	1	1	CD
www-nature-com-63	278	15	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	279	1	Nakamoto	Nakamoto	NNP
www-nature-com-63	279	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	279	3	S.	S.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	279	4	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	279	5	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	279	6	A	A	NNP
www-nature-com-63	279	7	Peer	Peer	NNP
www-nature-com-63	279	8	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	279	9	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	279	10	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	279	11	Peer	Peer	NNP
www-nature-com-63	279	12	Electronic	electronic	JJ
www-nature-com-63	279	13	Cash	cash	NN
www-nature-com-63	279	14	System	system	NN
www-nature-com-63	279	15	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	280	1	Bitcoin.org	Bitcoin.org	NNP
www-nature-com-63	280	2	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	280	3	2008	2008	CD
www-nature-com-63	280	4	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	280	5	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	281	1	2	2	LS
www-nature-com-63	281	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	282	1	Zheng	Zheng	NNP
www-nature-com-63	282	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	282	3	Z.	Z.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	282	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	282	5	Xie	Xie	NNP
www-nature-com-63	282	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	282	7	S.	S.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	282	8	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	282	9	Dai	Dai	NNP
www-nature-com-63	282	10	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	282	11	H.	H.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	282	12	N.	N.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	282	13	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	282	14	Chen	Chen	NNP
www-nature-com-63	282	15	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	282	16	X.	X.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	283	1	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	283	2	Wang	Wang	NNP
www-nature-com-63	283	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	283	4	H.	H.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	283	5	Blockchain	Blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	283	6	challenges	challenge	NNS
www-nature-com-63	283	7	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	283	8	opportunities	opportunity	NNS
www-nature-com-63	283	9	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	283	10	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	283	11	survey	survey	NN
www-nature-com-63	283	12	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	284	1	Int	Int	NNP
www-nature-com-63	284	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	285	1	J.	J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	286	1	Web	web	NN
www-nature-com-63	286	2	Grid	Grid	NNP
www-nature-com-63	286	3	Serv	Serv	NNP
www-nature-com-63	286	4	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	287	1	14	14	CD
www-nature-com-63	287	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	287	3	352–375	352–375	CD
www-nature-com-63	287	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	287	5	2018	2018	CD
www-nature-com-63	287	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	287	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	288	1	3	3	LS
www-nature-com-63	288	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	289	1	Li	Li	NNP
www-nature-com-63	289	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	289	3	L.	L.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	289	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	289	5	Liu	Liu	NNP
www-nature-com-63	289	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	289	7	J.	J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	289	8	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	289	9	Chang	Chang	NNP
www-nature-com-63	289	10	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	289	11	X.	X.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	289	12	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	289	13	Liu	Liu	NNP
www-nature-com-63	289	14	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	289	15	T.	T.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	289	16	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	289	17	Liu	Liu	NNP
www-nature-com-63	289	18	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	289	19	J.	J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	290	1	Toward	toward	IN
www-nature-com-63	290	2	conditionally	conditionally	RB
www-nature-com-63	290	3	anonymous	anonymous	JJ
www-nature-com-63	290	4	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	290	5	transactions	transaction	NNS
www-nature-com-63	290	6	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	290	7	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	290	8	lightweight	lightweight	JJ
www-nature-com-63	290	9	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	290	10	script	script	NN
www-nature-com-63	290	11	approach	approach	NN
www-nature-com-63	290	12	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	291	1	Inf	inf	NN
www-nature-com-63	291	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	292	1	Sci	Sci	NNP
www-nature-com-63	292	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	293	1	509	509	CD
www-nature-com-63	293	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	293	3	290–303	290–303	CD
www-nature-com-63	293	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	293	5	2020	2020	CD
www-nature-com-63	293	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	293	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	294	1	4	4	LS
www-nature-com-63	294	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	295	1	Gallagher	Gallagher	NNP
www-nature-com-63	295	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	295	3	K.	K.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	295	4	S.	S.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	295	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	295	6	Zhang	Zhang	NNP
www-nature-com-63	295	7	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	295	8	F.	F.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	295	9	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	295	10	Orvis	Orvis	NNP
www-nature-com-63	295	11	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	295	12	R.	R.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	295	13	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	295	14	Rissman	Rissman	NNP
www-nature-com-63	295	15	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	295	16	J.	J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	296	1	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	296	2	Liu	Liu	NNP
www-nature-com-63	296	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	296	4	Q.	Q.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	296	5	Assessing	assess	VBG
www-nature-com-63	296	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	296	7	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	296	8	gaps	gap	NNS
www-nature-com-63	296	9	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	296	10	achieving	achieve	VBG
www-nature-com-63	296	11	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	296	12	’s	’s	POS
www-nature-com-63	296	13	climate	climate	NN
www-nature-com-63	296	14	targets	target	NNS
www-nature-com-63	296	15	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	296	16	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	296	17	Paris	Paris	NNP
www-nature-com-63	296	18	Agreement	Agreement	NNP
www-nature-com-63	296	19	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	297	1	Nat	Nat	NNP
www-nature-com-63	297	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	298	1	Commun	Commun	VBN
www-nature-com-63	298	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	299	1	10	10	CD
www-nature-com-63	299	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	299	3	1–10	1–10	CD
www-nature-com-63	299	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	299	5	2019	2019	CD
www-nature-com-63	299	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	299	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	300	1	5	5	CD
www-nature-com-63	300	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	301	1	Jokar	Jokar	NNP
www-nature-com-63	301	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	301	3	Z.	Z.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	302	1	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	302	2	Mokhtar	Mokhtar	NNP
www-nature-com-63	302	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	302	4	A.	a.	NN
www-nature-com-63	303	1	Policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	303	2	making	making	NN
www-nature-com-63	303	3	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	303	4	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	303	5	cement	cement	NN
www-nature-com-63	303	6	industry	industry	NN
www-nature-com-63	303	7	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	303	8	CO2	CO2	NNP
www-nature-com-63	303	9	mitigation	mitigation	NN
www-nature-com-63	303	10	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	303	11	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	303	12	pathway	pathway	NN
www-nature-com-63	303	13	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	303	14	sustainable	sustainable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	303	15	development	development	NN
www-nature-com-63	303	16	-	-	:
www-nature-com-63	303	17	A	a	NN
www-nature-com-63	303	18	system	system	NN
www-nature-com-63	303	19	dynamics	dynamic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	303	20	approach	approach	NN
www-nature-com-63	303	21	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	304	1	J.	J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	305	1	Clean	clean	JJ
www-nature-com-63	305	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	306	1	Prod	Prod	NNP
www-nature-com-63	306	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	307	1	201	201	CD
www-nature-com-63	307	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	307	3	142–155	142–155	CD
www-nature-com-63	307	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	307	5	2018	2018	CD
www-nature-com-63	307	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	307	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	308	1	6	6	CD
www-nature-com-63	308	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	309	1	Beckage	beckage	NN
www-nature-com-63	309	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	309	3	B.	B.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	309	4	et	et	NNP
www-nature-com-63	309	5	al	al	NNP
www-nature-com-63	309	6	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	310	1	Linking	link	VBG
www-nature-com-63	310	2	models	model	NNS
www-nature-com-63	310	3	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	310	4	human	human	JJ
www-nature-com-63	310	5	behaviour	behaviour	NN
www-nature-com-63	310	6	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	310	7	climate	climate	NN
www-nature-com-63	310	8	alters	alter	NNS
www-nature-com-63	310	9	projected	project	VBD
www-nature-com-63	310	10	climate	climate	NN
www-nature-com-63	310	11	change	change	NN
www-nature-com-63	310	12	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	311	1	Nat	Nat	NNP
www-nature-com-63	311	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	312	1	Clim	Clim	NNP
www-nature-com-63	312	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	313	1	Chang	Chang	NNP
www-nature-com-63	313	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	314	1	8	8	CD
www-nature-com-63	314	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	314	3	79–84	79–84	CD
www-nature-com-63	314	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	314	5	2018	2018	CD
www-nature-com-63	314	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	314	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	315	1	7	7	LS
www-nature-com-63	315	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	316	1	Wang	Wang	NNP
www-nature-com-63	316	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	316	3	D.	D.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	316	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	316	5	Nie	Nie	NNP
www-nature-com-63	316	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	316	7	R.	R.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	316	8	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	316	9	Long	Long	NNP
www-nature-com-63	316	10	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	316	11	R.	R.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	316	12	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	316	13	Shi	Shi	NNP
www-nature-com-63	316	14	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	316	15	R.	R.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	316	16	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	316	17	Zhao	Zhao	NNP
www-nature-com-63	316	18	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	316	19	Y.	Y.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	317	1	Scenario	scenario	NN
www-nature-com-63	317	2	prediction	prediction	NN
www-nature-com-63	317	3	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	317	4	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	317	5	’s	’s	POS
www-nature-com-63	317	6	coal	coal	NN
www-nature-com-63	317	7	production	production	NN
www-nature-com-63	317	8	capacity	capacity	NN
www-nature-com-63	317	9	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	317	10	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	317	11	system	system	NN
www-nature-com-63	317	12	dynamics	dynamic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	317	13	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	317	14	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	318	1	Resour	Resour	NNP
www-nature-com-63	318	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	319	1	Conserv	Conserv	NNP
www-nature-com-63	319	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	320	1	Recycl	Recycl	NNS
www-nature-com-63	320	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	321	1	129	129	CD
www-nature-com-63	321	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	321	3	432–442	432–442	CD
www-nature-com-63	321	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	321	5	2018	2018	CD
www-nature-com-63	321	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	321	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	322	1	8	8	LS
www-nature-com-63	322	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	323	1	Hepburn	Hepburn	NNP
www-nature-com-63	323	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	323	3	C.	C.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	323	4	et	et	NNP
www-nature-com-63	323	5	al	al	NNP
www-nature-com-63	323	6	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	324	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	324	2	technological	technological	JJ
www-nature-com-63	324	3	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	324	4	economic	economic	JJ
www-nature-com-63	324	5	prospects	prospect	NNS
www-nature-com-63	324	6	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	324	7	CO2	CO2	NNP
www-nature-com-63	324	8	utilization	utilization	NN
www-nature-com-63	324	9	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	324	10	removal	removal	NN
www-nature-com-63	324	11	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	325	1	Nature	nature	NN
www-nature-com-63	325	2	575	575	CD
www-nature-com-63	325	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	325	4	87–97	87–97	CD
www-nature-com-63	325	5	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	325	6	2019	2019	CD
www-nature-com-63	325	7	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	325	8	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	326	1	9	9	CD
www-nature-com-63	326	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	327	1	Stave	stave	NN
www-nature-com-63	327	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	327	3	K.	K.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	327	4	A.	a.	NN
www-nature-com-63	328	1	A	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	328	2	system	system	NN
www-nature-com-63	328	3	dynamics	dynamic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	328	4	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	328	5	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	328	6	facilitate	facilitate	VB
www-nature-com-63	328	7	public	public	JJ
www-nature-com-63	328	8	understanding	understanding	NN
www-nature-com-63	328	9	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	328	10	water	water	NN
www-nature-com-63	328	11	management	management	NN
www-nature-com-63	328	12	options	option	NNS
www-nature-com-63	328	13	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	328	14	Las	Las	NNP
www-nature-com-63	328	15	Vegas	Vegas	NNP
www-nature-com-63	328	16	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	328	17	Nevada	Nevada	NNP
www-nature-com-63	328	18	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	329	1	J.	J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	329	2	Environ	Environ	NNP
www-nature-com-63	329	3	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	330	1	Manag	Manag	NNP
www-nature-com-63	330	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	331	1	67	67	CD
www-nature-com-63	331	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	331	3	303–313	303–313	CD
www-nature-com-63	331	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	331	5	2003	2003	CD
www-nature-com-63	331	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	331	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	332	1	10	10	CD
www-nature-com-63	332	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	333	1	Wu	Wu	NNP
www-nature-com-63	333	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	333	3	S.	S.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	333	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	333	5	Liu	Liu	NNP
www-nature-com-63	333	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	333	7	L.	L.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	333	8	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	333	9	Gao	Gao	NNP
www-nature-com-63	333	10	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	333	11	J.	J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	334	1	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	334	2	Wang	Wang	NNP
www-nature-com-63	334	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	334	4	W.	W.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	334	5	Integrate	Integrate	NNP
www-nature-com-63	334	6	risk	risk	NN
www-nature-com-63	334	7	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	334	8	climate	climate	NN
www-nature-com-63	334	9	change	change	NN
www-nature-com-63	334	10	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	334	11	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	334	12	under	under	IN
www-nature-com-63	334	13	global	global	JJ
www-nature-com-63	334	14	warming	warming	NN
www-nature-com-63	334	15	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	334	16	1.5	1.5	CD
www-nature-com-63	334	17	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	334	18	2.0	2.0	CD
www-nature-com-63	334	19	°	°	NNS
www-nature-com-63	334	20	C	c	NN
www-nature-com-63	334	21	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	335	1	Earth	Earth	NNP
www-nature-com-63	335	2	’s	’s	,
www-nature-com-63	335	3	Futur	Futur	NNP
www-nature-com-63	335	4	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	336	1	7	7	CD
www-nature-com-63	336	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	336	3	1307–1322	1307–1322	CD
www-nature-com-63	336	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	336	5	2019	2019	CD
www-nature-com-63	336	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	336	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	337	1	11	11	CD
www-nature-com-63	337	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	338	1	Magnani	Magnani	NNP
www-nature-com-63	338	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	338	3	F.	F.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	338	4	et	et	NNP
www-nature-com-63	338	5	al	al	NNP
www-nature-com-63	338	6	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	339	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	339	2	human	human	JJ
www-nature-com-63	339	3	footprint	footprint	NN
www-nature-com-63	339	4	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	339	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	339	6	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	339	7	cycle	cycle	NN
www-nature-com-63	339	8	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	339	9	temperate	temperate	NN
www-nature-com-63	339	10	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	339	11	boreal	boreal	NN
www-nature-com-63	339	12	forests	forest	NNS
www-nature-com-63	339	13	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	340	1	Nature	nature	NN
www-nature-com-63	340	2	447	447	CD
www-nature-com-63	340	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	340	4	849–851	849–851	CD
www-nature-com-63	340	5	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	340	6	2007	2007	CD
www-nature-com-63	340	7	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	340	8	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	341	1	12	12	CD
www-nature-com-63	341	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	342	1	Lenzen	Lenzen	NNP
www-nature-com-63	342	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	342	3	M.	M.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	342	4	et	et	NNP
www-nature-com-63	342	5	al	al	NNP
www-nature-com-63	342	6	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	343	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	343	2	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	343	3	footprint	footprint	NN
www-nature-com-63	343	4	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	343	5	global	global	JJ
www-nature-com-63	343	6	tourism	tourism	NN
www-nature-com-63	343	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	344	1	Nat	Nat	NNP
www-nature-com-63	344	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	345	1	Clim	Clim	NNP
www-nature-com-63	345	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	346	1	Chang	Chang	NNP
www-nature-com-63	346	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	347	1	8	8	CD
www-nature-com-63	347	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	347	3	522–528	522–528	CD
www-nature-com-63	347	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	347	5	2018	2018	CD
www-nature-com-63	347	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	347	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	348	1	13	13	CD
www-nature-com-63	348	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	349	1	Stoll	Stoll	NNP
www-nature-com-63	349	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	349	3	C.	C.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	349	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	349	5	Klaaßen	Klaaßen	NNP
www-nature-com-63	349	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	349	7	L.	L.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	349	8	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	349	9	Gallersdörfer	Gallersdörfer	NNP
www-nature-com-63	349	10	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	349	11	U.	U.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	350	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	350	2	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	350	3	footprint	footprint	NN
www-nature-com-63	350	4	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	350	5	bitcoin	bitcoin	NN
www-nature-com-63	350	6	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	351	1	Joule	Joule	NNP
www-nature-com-63	351	2	3	3	CD
www-nature-com-63	351	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	351	4	1647–1661	1647–1661	CD
www-nature-com-63	351	5	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	351	6	2019	2019	CD
www-nature-com-63	351	7	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	351	8	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	352	1	14	14	CD
www-nature-com-63	352	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	353	1	Cheng	Cheng	NNP
www-nature-com-63	353	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	353	3	Y.	Y.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	353	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	353	5	Du	Du	NNP
www-nature-com-63	353	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	353	7	D.	D.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	353	8	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	353	9	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	353	10	Han	Han	NNP
www-nature-com-63	353	11	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	353	12	Q.	Q.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	354	1	A	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	354	2	hashing	hash	VBG
www-nature-com-63	354	3	power	power	NN
www-nature-com-63	354	4	allocation	allocation	NN
www-nature-com-63	354	5	game	game	NN
www-nature-com-63	354	6	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	354	7	cryptocurrencies	cryptocurrencie	NNS
www-nature-com-63	354	8	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	355	1	Lect	Lect	NNP
www-nature-com-63	355	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	356	1	Notes	Notes	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	356	2	Comput	Comput	NNP
www-nature-com-63	356	3	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	357	1	Sci	Sci	NNP
www-nature-com-63	357	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	358	1	11059	11059	CD
www-nature-com-63	358	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	358	3	226–238	226–238	CD
www-nature-com-63	358	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	358	5	2018	2018	CD
www-nature-com-63	358	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	358	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	359	1	15	15	CD
www-nature-com-63	359	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	360	1	Vranken	Vranken	NNP
www-nature-com-63	360	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	360	3	H.	H.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	360	4	Sustainability	Sustainability	NNP
www-nature-com-63	360	5	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	360	6	bitcoin	bitcoin	NN
www-nature-com-63	360	7	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	360	8	blockchains	blockchain	NNS
www-nature-com-63	360	9	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	361	1	Curr	curr	UH
www-nature-com-63	361	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	362	1	Opin	opin	JJ
www-nature-com-63	362	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	363	1	Environ	Environ	NNP
www-nature-com-63	363	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	364	1	Sustain	sustain	NN
www-nature-com-63	364	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	365	1	28	28	CD
www-nature-com-63	365	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	365	3	1–9	1–9	CD
www-nature-com-63	365	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	365	5	2017	2017	CD
www-nature-com-63	365	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	365	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	366	1	16	16	CD
www-nature-com-63	366	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	367	1	Küfeoğlu	Küfeoğlu	NNP
www-nature-com-63	367	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	367	3	S.	S.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	367	4	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	367	5	Özkuran	Özkuran	NNP
www-nature-com-63	367	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	367	7	M.	M.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	367	8	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	367	9	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	367	10	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	367	11	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	367	12	global	global	JJ
www-nature-com-63	367	13	review	review	NN
www-nature-com-63	367	14	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	367	15	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	367	16	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	367	17	power	power	NN
www-nature-com-63	367	18	demand	demand	NN
www-nature-com-63	367	19	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	367	20	Energy	Energy	NNP
www-nature-com-63	367	21	Res	Res	NNP
www-nature-com-63	367	22	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	368	1	Soc	Soc	NNP
www-nature-com-63	368	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	369	1	Sci	Sci	NNP
www-nature-com-63	369	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	370	1	58	58	CD
www-nature-com-63	370	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	370	3	101273	101273	CD
www-nature-com-63	370	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	370	5	2019	2019	CD
www-nature-com-63	370	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	370	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	371	1	17	17	CD
www-nature-com-63	371	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	372	1	Krause	Krause	NNP
www-nature-com-63	372	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	372	3	M.	M.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	372	4	J.	J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	373	1	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	373	2	Tolaymat	Tolaymat	NNP
www-nature-com-63	373	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	373	4	T.	T.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	373	5	Quantification	quantification	NN
www-nature-com-63	373	6	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	373	7	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	373	8	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	373	9	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	373	10	costs	cost	NNS
www-nature-com-63	373	11	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	373	12	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	373	13	cryptocurrencies	cryptocurrencie	NNS
www-nature-com-63	373	14	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	374	1	Nat	Nat	NNP
www-nature-com-63	374	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	375	1	Sustain	sustain	NN
www-nature-com-63	375	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	376	1	1	1	CD
www-nature-com-63	376	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	376	3	711–718	711–718	CD
www-nature-com-63	376	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	376	5	2018	2018	CD
www-nature-com-63	376	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	376	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	377	1	18	18	CD
www-nature-com-63	377	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	378	1	Liu	Liu	NNP
www-nature-com-63	378	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	378	3	Z.	Z.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	378	4	et	et	FW
www-nature-com-63	378	5	al	al	NNP
www-nature-com-63	378	6	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	379	1	Reduced	reduced	JJ
www-nature-com-63	379	2	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	379	3	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	379	4	estimates	estimate	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	379	5	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	379	6	fossil	fossil	JJ
www-nature-com-63	379	7	fuel	fuel	NN
www-nature-com-63	379	8	combustion	combustion	NN
www-nature-com-63	379	9	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	379	10	cement	cement	NN
www-nature-com-63	379	11	production	production	NN
www-nature-com-63	379	12	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	379	13	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	379	14	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	380	1	Nature	nature	NN
www-nature-com-63	380	2	524	524	CD
www-nature-com-63	380	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	380	4	335–338	335–338	CD
www-nature-com-63	380	5	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	380	6	2015	2015	CD
www-nature-com-63	380	7	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	380	8	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	381	1	19	19	CD
www-nature-com-63	381	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	382	1	Aldy	aldy	UH
www-nature-com-63	382	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	382	3	J.	J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	382	4	et	et	NNP
www-nature-com-63	382	5	al	al	NNP
www-nature-com-63	382	6	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	383	1	Economic	economic	JJ
www-nature-com-63	383	2	tools	tool	NNS
www-nature-com-63	383	3	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	383	4	promote	promote	VB
www-nature-com-63	383	5	transparency	transparency	NN
www-nature-com-63	383	6	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	383	7	comparability	comparability	NN
www-nature-com-63	383	8	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	383	9	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	383	10	Paris	Paris	NNP
www-nature-com-63	383	11	Agreement	Agreement	NNP
www-nature-com-63	383	12	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	384	1	Nat	Nat	NNP
www-nature-com-63	384	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	385	1	Clim	Clim	NNP
www-nature-com-63	385	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	386	1	Chang	Chang	NNP
www-nature-com-63	386	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	387	1	6	6	CD
www-nature-com-63	387	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	387	3	1000–1004	1000–1004	CD
www-nature-com-63	387	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	387	5	2016	2016	CD
www-nature-com-63	387	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	387	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	388	1	20	20	CD
www-nature-com-63	388	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	388	3	du	du	NNP
www-nature-com-63	388	4	Pont	Pont	NNP
www-nature-com-63	388	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	388	6	Y.	Y.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	388	7	R.	R.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	388	8	et	et	NNP
www-nature-com-63	388	9	al	al	NNP
www-nature-com-63	388	10	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	389	1	Equitable	equitable	VB
www-nature-com-63	389	2	mitigation	mitigation	NN
www-nature-com-63	389	3	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	389	4	achieve	achieve	VB
www-nature-com-63	389	5	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	389	6	Paris	Paris	NNP
www-nature-com-63	389	7	Agreement	Agreement	NNP
www-nature-com-63	389	8	goals	goal	NNS
www-nature-com-63	389	9	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	390	1	Nat	Nat	NNP
www-nature-com-63	390	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	391	1	Clim	Clim	NNP
www-nature-com-63	391	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	392	1	Chang	Chang	NNP
www-nature-com-63	392	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	393	1	7	7	CD
www-nature-com-63	393	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	393	3	38–43	38–43	CD
www-nature-com-63	393	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	393	5	2017	2017	CD
www-nature-com-63	393	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	393	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	394	1	21	21	CD
www-nature-com-63	394	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	395	1	Tang	Tang	NNP
www-nature-com-63	395	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	395	3	L.	L.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	395	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	395	5	Wu	Wu	NNP
www-nature-com-63	395	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	395	7	J.	J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	395	8	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	395	9	Yu	Yu	NNP
www-nature-com-63	395	10	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	395	11	L.	L.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	395	12	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	395	13	Bao	Bao	NNP
www-nature-com-63	395	14	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	395	15	Q.	Q.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	396	1	Carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	396	2	emissions	emission	NNS
www-nature-com-63	396	3	trading	trading	NN
www-nature-com-63	396	4	scheme	scheme	NN
www-nature-com-63	396	5	exploration	exploration	NN
www-nature-com-63	396	6	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	396	7	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	396	8	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	396	9	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	396	10	multi	multi	JJ
www-nature-com-63	396	11	-	-	JJ
www-nature-com-63	396	12	agent	agent	NN
www-nature-com-63	396	13	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	396	14	based	base	VBN
www-nature-com-63	396	15	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	396	16	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	397	1	Energy	Energy	NNP
www-nature-com-63	397	2	Policy	Policy	NNP
www-nature-com-63	397	3	81	81	CD
www-nature-com-63	397	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	397	5	152–169	152–169	CD
www-nature-com-63	397	6	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	397	7	2015	2015	CD
www-nature-com-63	397	8	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	397	9	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	398	1	22	22	CD
www-nature-com-63	398	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	399	1	Schleussner	Schleussner	NNP
www-nature-com-63	399	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	399	3	C.	C.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	399	4	F.	F.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	399	5	et	et	NNP
www-nature-com-63	399	6	al	al	NNP
www-nature-com-63	399	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	400	1	Science	science	NN
www-nature-com-63	400	2	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	400	3	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	400	4	characteristics	characteristic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	400	5	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	400	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	400	7	Paris	Paris	NNP
www-nature-com-63	400	8	Agreement	Agreement	NNP
www-nature-com-63	400	9	temperature	temperature	NN
www-nature-com-63	400	10	goal	goal	NN
www-nature-com-63	400	11	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	401	1	Nat	Nat	NNP
www-nature-com-63	401	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	402	1	Clim	Clim	NNP
www-nature-com-63	402	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	403	1	Chang	Chang	NNP
www-nature-com-63	403	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	404	1	6	6	CD
www-nature-com-63	404	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	404	3	827–835	827–835	CD
www-nature-com-63	404	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	404	5	2016	2016	CD
www-nature-com-63	404	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	404	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	405	1	23	23	CD
www-nature-com-63	405	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	406	1	Rogelj	Rogelj	NNP
www-nature-com-63	406	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	406	3	J.	J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	406	4	et	et	NNP
www-nature-com-63	406	5	al	al	NNP
www-nature-com-63	406	6	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	407	1	Paris	Paris	NNP
www-nature-com-63	407	2	Agreement	Agreement	NNP
www-nature-com-63	407	3	climate	climate	NN
www-nature-com-63	407	4	proposals	proposal	NNS
www-nature-com-63	407	5	need	need	VBP
www-nature-com-63	407	6	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	407	7	boost	boost	NN
www-nature-com-63	407	8	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	407	9	keep	keep	VB
www-nature-com-63	407	10	warming	warm	VBG
www-nature-com-63	407	11	well	well	RB
www-nature-com-63	407	12	below	below	IN
www-nature-com-63	407	13	2	2	CD
www-nature-com-63	407	14	C.	C.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	407	15	Nature	Nature	NNP
www-nature-com-63	407	16	534	534	CD
www-nature-com-63	407	17	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	407	18	631–639	631–639	CD
www-nature-com-63	407	19	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	407	20	2016	2016	CD
www-nature-com-63	407	21	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	407	22	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	408	1	24	24	CD
www-nature-com-63	408	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	409	1	Holt	Holt	NNP
www-nature-com-63	409	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	409	3	C.	C.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	409	4	A.	A.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	410	1	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	410	2	Laury	Laury	NNP
www-nature-com-63	410	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	410	4	S.	S.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	410	5	K.	K.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	410	6	Risk	Risk	NNP
www-nature-com-63	410	7	aversion	aversion	NN
www-nature-com-63	410	8	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	410	9	incentive	incentive	NN
www-nature-com-63	410	10	effects	effect	NNS
www-nature-com-63	410	11	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	410	12	new	new	JJ
www-nature-com-63	410	13	data	datum	NNS
www-nature-com-63	410	14	without	without	IN
www-nature-com-63	410	15	order	order	NN
www-nature-com-63	410	16	effects	effect	NNS
www-nature-com-63	410	17	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	411	1	Am	Am	NNP
www-nature-com-63	411	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	412	1	Econ	Econ	NNP
www-nature-com-63	412	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	413	1	Rev.	Rev.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	414	1	95	95	CD
www-nature-com-63	414	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	414	3	902–912	902–912	CD
www-nature-com-63	414	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	414	5	2005	2005	CD
www-nature-com-63	414	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	414	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	415	1	25	25	CD
www-nature-com-63	415	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	416	1	Newell	Newell	NNP
www-nature-com-63	416	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	416	3	R.	R.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	416	4	G.	G.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	416	5	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	416	6	Jaffe	Jaffe	NNP
www-nature-com-63	416	7	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	416	8	A.	A.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	417	1	B.	B.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	418	1	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	418	2	Stavins	Stavins	NNP
www-nature-com-63	418	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	418	4	R.	R.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	418	5	N.	N.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	418	6	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	418	7	effects	effect	NNS
www-nature-com-63	418	8	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	418	9	economic	economic	JJ
www-nature-com-63	418	10	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	418	11	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	418	12	incentives	incentive	NNS
www-nature-com-63	418	13	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	418	14	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	418	15	mitigation	mitigation	NN
www-nature-com-63	418	16	technologies	technology	NNS
www-nature-com-63	418	17	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	419	1	Energy	Energy	NNP
www-nature-com-63	419	2	Econ	Econ	NNP
www-nature-com-63	419	3	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	420	1	28	28	CD
www-nature-com-63	420	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	420	3	563–578	563–578	CD
www-nature-com-63	420	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	420	5	2006	2006	CD
www-nature-com-63	420	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	420	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	421	1	26	26	CD
www-nature-com-63	421	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	422	1	Ioannou	Ioannou	NNP
www-nature-com-63	422	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	422	3	I.	I.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	422	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	422	5	Li	Li	NNP
www-nature-com-63	422	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	422	7	S.	S.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	422	8	X.	X.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	423	1	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	423	2	Serafeim	Serafeim	NNP
www-nature-com-63	423	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	423	4	G.	G.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	423	5	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	423	6	effect	effect	NN
www-nature-com-63	423	7	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	423	8	target	target	NN
www-nature-com-63	423	9	difficulty	difficulty	NN
www-nature-com-63	423	10	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	423	11	target	target	NN
www-nature-com-63	423	12	completion	completion	NN
www-nature-com-63	423	13	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	423	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	423	15	case	case	NN
www-nature-com-63	423	16	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	423	17	reducing	reduce	VBG
www-nature-com-63	423	18	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	423	19	emissions	emission	NNS
www-nature-com-63	423	20	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	424	1	Account	Account	NNP
www-nature-com-63	424	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	425	1	Rev.	Rev.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	426	1	91	91	CD
www-nature-com-63	426	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	426	3	1467–1492	1467–1492	CD
www-nature-com-63	426	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	426	5	2016	2016	CD
www-nature-com-63	426	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	426	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	427	1	27	27	CD
www-nature-com-63	427	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	428	1	Hagmann	Hagmann	NNP
www-nature-com-63	428	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	428	3	D.	D.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	428	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	428	5	Ho	Ho	NNP
www-nature-com-63	428	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	428	7	E.	E.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	428	8	H.	H.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	428	9	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	428	10	Loewenstein	Loewenstein	NNP
www-nature-com-63	428	11	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	428	12	G.	G.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	428	13	Nudging	Nudging	NNP
www-nature-com-63	428	14	out	out	RP
www-nature-com-63	428	15	support	support	NN
www-nature-com-63	428	16	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	428	17	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	428	18	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	428	19	tax	tax	NN
www-nature-com-63	428	20	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	429	1	Nat	Nat	NNP
www-nature-com-63	429	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	430	1	Clim	Clim	NNP
www-nature-com-63	430	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	431	1	Chang	Chang	NNP
www-nature-com-63	431	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	432	1	9	9	CD
www-nature-com-63	432	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	432	3	484–489	484–489	CD
www-nature-com-63	432	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	432	5	2019	2019	CD
www-nature-com-63	432	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	432	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	433	1	28	28	CD
www-nature-com-63	433	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	433	3	van	van	NNP
www-nature-com-63	433	4	der	der	NNP
www-nature-com-63	433	5	Waal	Waal	NNP
www-nature-com-63	433	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	433	7	M.	M.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	433	8	B.	B.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	433	9	et	et	NNP
www-nature-com-63	433	10	al	al	NNP
www-nature-com-63	433	11	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	434	1	Blockchain	Blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	434	2	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	434	3	facilitated	facilitate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	434	4	sharing	sharing	NN
www-nature-com-63	434	5	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	434	6	advance	advance	VB
www-nature-com-63	434	7	outbreak	outbreak	NN
www-nature-com-63	434	8	R&D.	r&d.	CD
www-nature-com-63	435	1	Science	Science	NNP
www-nature-com-63	435	2	368	368	CD
www-nature-com-63	435	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	435	4	719–721	719–721	CD
www-nature-com-63	435	5	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	435	6	2020	2020	CD
www-nature-com-63	435	7	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	435	8	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	436	1	29	29	CD
www-nature-com-63	436	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	437	1	Saberi	Saberi	NNP
www-nature-com-63	437	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	437	3	S.	S.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	437	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	437	5	Kouhizadeh	Kouhizadeh	NNP
www-nature-com-63	437	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	437	7	M.	M.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	437	8	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	437	9	Sarkis	Sarkis	NNP
www-nature-com-63	437	10	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	437	11	J.	J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	438	1	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	438	2	Shen	Shen	NNP
www-nature-com-63	438	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	438	4	L.	L.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	438	5	Blockchain	Blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	438	6	technology	technology	NN
www-nature-com-63	438	7	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	438	8	its	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	438	9	relationships	relationship	NNS
www-nature-com-63	438	10	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	438	11	sustainable	sustainable	JJ
www-nature-com-63	438	12	supply	supply	NN
www-nature-com-63	438	13	chain	chain	NN
www-nature-com-63	438	14	management	management	NN
www-nature-com-63	438	15	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	439	1	Int	Int	NNP
www-nature-com-63	439	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	440	1	J.	J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	441	1	Prod	Prod	NNP
www-nature-com-63	441	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	442	1	Res	Res	NNP
www-nature-com-63	442	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	443	1	57	57	CD
www-nature-com-63	443	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	443	3	2117–2135	2117–2135	CD
www-nature-com-63	443	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	443	5	2019	2019	CD
www-nature-com-63	443	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	443	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	444	1	30	30	CD
www-nature-com-63	444	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	445	1	Karamitsos	Karamitsos	NNP
www-nature-com-63	445	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	445	3	I.	I.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	445	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	445	5	Papadaki	Papadaki	NNP
www-nature-com-63	445	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	445	7	M.	M.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	445	8	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	445	9	Al	Al	NNP
www-nature-com-63	445	10	Barghuthi	Barghuthi	NNP
www-nature-com-63	445	11	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	445	12	N.	N.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	445	13	B.	B.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	446	1	Design	design	NN
www-nature-com-63	446	2	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	446	3	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	446	4	blockchain	blockchain	NNP
www-nature-com-63	446	5	smart	smart	JJ
www-nature-com-63	446	6	contract	contract	NN
www-nature-com-63	446	7	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	446	8	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	446	9	use	use	NN
www-nature-com-63	446	10	case	case	NN
www-nature-com-63	446	11	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	446	12	real	real	JJ
www-nature-com-63	446	13	estate	estate	NN
www-nature-com-63	446	14	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	447	1	J.	J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	447	2	Inf	Inf	NNP
www-nature-com-63	447	3	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	448	1	Secur	secur	NN
www-nature-com-63	448	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	449	1	9	9	CD
www-nature-com-63	449	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	449	3	177–190	177–190	CD
www-nature-com-63	449	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	449	5	2018	2018	CD
www-nature-com-63	449	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	449	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	450	1	31	31	CD
www-nature-com-63	450	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	451	1	Jessel	Jessel	NNP
www-nature-com-63	451	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	451	3	B.	B.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	452	1	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	452	2	DiCaprio	DiCaprio	NNP
www-nature-com-63	452	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	452	4	A.	a.	NN
www-nature-com-63	453	1	Can	Can	MD
www-nature-com-63	453	2	blockchain	blockchain	VB
www-nature-com-63	453	3	make	make	VB
www-nature-com-63	453	4	trade	trade	NN
www-nature-com-63	453	5	finance	finance	NN
www-nature-com-63	453	6	more	more	RBR
www-nature-com-63	453	7	inclusive	inclusive	JJ
www-nature-com-63	453	8	?	?	.
www-nature-com-63	454	1	J.	J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	454	2	Financ	Financ	NNP
www-nature-com-63	454	3	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	455	1	Transform	transform	NN
www-nature-com-63	455	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	456	1	47	47	CD
www-nature-com-63	456	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	456	3	35–50	35–50	CD
www-nature-com-63	456	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	456	5	2018	2018	CD
www-nature-com-63	456	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	456	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	457	1	32	32	CD
www-nature-com-63	457	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	458	1	Leng	Leng	NNP
www-nature-com-63	458	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	458	3	J.	J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	458	4	et	et	NNP
www-nature-com-63	458	5	al	al	NNP
www-nature-com-63	458	6	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	459	1	Makerchain	makerchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	459	2	:	:	:
www-nature-com-63	459	3	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	459	4	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	459	5	with	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	459	6	chemical	chemical	JJ
www-nature-com-63	459	7	signature	signature	NN
www-nature-com-63	459	8	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	459	9	self-	self-	NN
www-nature-com-63	459	10	organizing	organizing	NN
www-nature-com-63	459	11	process	process	NN
www-nature-com-63	459	12	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	459	13	social	social	JJ
www-nature-com-63	459	14	manufacturing	manufacturing	NN
www-nature-com-63	459	15	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	460	1	J.	J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	461	1	Clean	clean	JJ
www-nature-com-63	461	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	462	1	Prod	Prod	NNP
www-nature-com-63	462	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	463	1	234	234	CD
www-nature-com-63	463	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	463	3	767–778	767–778	CD
www-nature-com-63	463	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	463	5	2019	2019	CD
www-nature-com-63	463	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	463	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	464	1	33	33	CD
www-nature-com-63	464	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	465	1	Lane	Lane	NNP
www-nature-com-63	465	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	465	3	D.	D.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	465	4	C.	C.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	465	5	Diagramming	Diagramming	NNP
www-nature-com-63	465	6	conventions	convention	NNS
www-nature-com-63	465	7	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	465	8	system	system	NN
www-nature-com-63	465	9	dynamics	dynamic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	465	10	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	466	1	J.	J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	466	2	Oper	Oper	NNP
www-nature-com-63	466	3	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	467	1	Res	Res	NNP
www-nature-com-63	467	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	468	1	Soc	Soc	NNP
www-nature-com-63	468	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	469	1	51	51	CD
www-nature-com-63	469	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	469	3	241–245	241–245	CD
www-nature-com-63	469	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	469	5	2000	2000	CD
www-nature-com-63	469	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	469	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	470	1	34	34	CD
www-nature-com-63	470	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	471	1	Richardson	Richardson	NNP
www-nature-com-63	471	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	471	3	G.	G.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	471	4	P.	P.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	471	5	Reflections	Reflections	NNP
www-nature-com-63	471	6	on	on	IN
www-nature-com-63	471	7	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	471	8	foundations	foundation	NNS
www-nature-com-63	471	9	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	471	10	system	system	NN
www-nature-com-63	471	11	dynamics	dynamic	NNS
www-nature-com-63	471	12	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	472	1	Syst	Syst	NNP
www-nature-com-63	472	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	473	1	Dyn	Dyn	NNP
www-nature-com-63	473	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	474	1	Rev.	Rev.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	475	1	27	27	CD
www-nature-com-63	475	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	475	3	219–243	219–243	CD
www-nature-com-63	475	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	475	5	2011	2011	CD
www-nature-com-63	475	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	475	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	476	1	35	35	CD
www-nature-com-63	476	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	477	1	Cheng	Cheng	NNP
www-nature-com-63	477	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	477	3	Z.	Z.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	477	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	477	5	Li	Li	NNP
www-nature-com-63	477	6	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	477	7	L.	L.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	477	8	&	&	CC
www-nature-com-63	477	9	Liu	Liu	NNP
www-nature-com-63	477	10	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	477	11	J.	J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	478	1	Industrial	industrial	JJ
www-nature-com-63	478	2	structure	structure	NN
www-nature-com-63	478	3	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	478	4	technical	technical	JJ
www-nature-com-63	478	5	progress	progress	NN
www-nature-com-63	478	6	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	478	7	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	478	8	intensity	intensity	NN
www-nature-com-63	478	9	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	478	10	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	478	11	’s	’s	POS
www-nature-com-63	478	12	provinces	province	NNS
www-nature-com-63	478	13	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	479	1	Renew	renew	VB
www-nature-com-63	479	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	480	1	Sust	Sust	NNP
www-nature-com-63	480	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	481	1	Energ	Energ	NNP
www-nature-com-63	481	2	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	482	1	Rev.	Rev.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	483	1	81	81	CD
www-nature-com-63	483	2	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	483	3	2935–2946	2935–2946	CD
www-nature-com-63	483	4	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	483	5	2018	2018	CD
www-nature-com-63	483	6	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	483	7	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	484	1	Acknowledgements	acknowledgement	NNS
www-nature-com-63	484	2	This	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	484	3	work	work	NN
www-nature-com-63	484	4	was	be	VBD
www-nature-com-63	484	5	supported	support	VBN
www-nature-com-63	484	6	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	484	7	grants	grant	NNS
www-nature-com-63	484	8	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	484	9	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	484	10	National	National	NNP
www-nature-com-63	484	11	Natural	Natural	NNP
www-nature-com-63	484	12	Science	Science	NNP
www-nature-com-63	484	13	Foundation	Foundation	NNP
www-nature-com-63	484	14	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	484	15	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	484	16	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	484	17	71988101	71988101	CD
www-nature-com-63	484	18	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	484	19	72022019	72022019	CD
www-nature-com-63	484	20	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	484	21	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	485	1	Author	author	NN
www-nature-com-63	485	2	contributions	contribution	NNS
www-nature-com-63	485	3	S.J.	S.J.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	486	1	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	486	2	Y.L.	Y.L.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	487	1	contributed	contribute	VBD
www-nature-com-63	487	2	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	487	3	conceptualizing	conceptualize	VBG
www-nature-com-63	487	4	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	487	5	designing	design	VBG
www-nature-com-63	487	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	487	7	work	work	NN
www-nature-com-63	487	8	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	487	9	acquiring	acquire	VBG
www-nature-com-63	487	10	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	487	11	data	datum	NNS
www-nature-com-63	487	12	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	487	13	conducting	conduct	VBG
www-nature-com-63	487	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	487	15	analysis	analysis	NN
www-nature-com-63	487	16	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	487	17	interpreting	interpret	VBG
www-nature-com-63	487	18	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	487	19	data	datum	NNS
www-nature-com-63	487	20	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	487	21	writing	writing	NN
www-nature-com-63	487	22	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	487	23	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	487	24	revising	revising	NN
www-nature-com-63	487	25	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	487	26	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	487	27	paper	paper	NN
www-nature-com-63	487	28	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	488	1	Q.L.	Q.L.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	489	1	interpreted	interpret	VBD
www-nature-com-63	489	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	489	3	data	datum	NNS
www-nature-com-63	489	4	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	490	1	Y.H.	Y.H.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	491	1	revised	revise	VBD
www-nature-com-63	491	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	491	3	paper	paper	NN
www-nature-com-63	491	4	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	492	1	D.G.	D.G.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	493	1	revised	revise	VBD
www-nature-com-63	493	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	493	3	paper	paper	NN
www-nature-com-63	493	4	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	493	5	supervised	supervise	VBD
www-nature-com-63	493	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	493	7	work	work	NN
www-nature-com-63	493	8	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	494	1	Y.X.	Y.X.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	495	1	revised	revise	VBD
www-nature-com-63	495	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	495	3	paper	paper	NN
www-nature-com-63	495	4	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	496	1	S.W.	S.W.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	497	1	conceptualized	conceptualize	VBD
www-nature-com-63	497	2	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	497	3	work	work	NN
www-nature-com-63	497	4	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	497	5	revised	revise	VBD
www-nature-com-63	497	6	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	497	7	paper	paper	NN
www-nature-com-63	497	8	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	497	9	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	497	10	supervised	supervise	VBD
www-nature-com-63	497	11	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	497	12	work	work	NN
www-nature-com-63	497	13	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	498	1	Competing	compete	VBG
www-nature-com-63	498	2	interests	interest	NNS
www-nature-com-63	498	3	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	498	4	authors	author	NNS
www-nature-com-63	498	5	declare	declare	VBP
www-nature-com-63	498	6	no	no	DT
www-nature-com-63	498	7	competing	compete	VBG
www-nature-com-63	498	8	interests	interest	NNS
www-nature-com-63	498	9	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	499	1	NATURE	NATURE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	499	2	COMMUNICATIONS	COMMUNICATIONS	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	499	3	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	499	4	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	499	5	ARTICLE	article	NN
www-nature-com-63	499	6	NATURE	NATURE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	499	7	COMMUNICATIONS	communication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	499	8	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	499	9	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	499	10	2021	2021	CD
www-nature-com-63	499	11	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	499	12	12:1938	12:1938	CD
www-nature-com-63	499	13	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	499	14	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	499	15	|	|	NNP
www-nature-com-63	499	16	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	499	17	9	9	CD
www-nature-com-63	499	18	https://www.ceads.net/user/download-anonymous.php?id=1083	https://www.ceads.net/user/download-anonymous.php?id=1083	NNP
www-nature-com-63	499	19	https://www.ceads.net/user/download-anonymous.php?id=1083	https://www.ceads.net/user/download-anonymous.php?id=1083	NNP
www-nature-com-63	499	20	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	499	21	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	499	22	Additional	additional	JJ
www-nature-com-63	499	23	information	information	NN
www-nature-com-63	499	24	Supplementary	supplementary	JJ
www-nature-com-63	499	25	information	information	NN
www-nature-com-63	499	26	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	499	27	online	online	JJ
www-nature-com-63	499	28	version	version	NN
www-nature-com-63	499	29	contains	contain	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	499	30	supplementary	supplementary	JJ
www-nature-com-63	499	31	material	material	NN
www-nature-com-63	499	32	available	available	JJ
www-nature-com-63	499	33	at	at	IN
www-nature-com-63	499	34	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	499	35	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	500	1	Correspondence	correspondence	NN
www-nature-com-63	500	2	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	500	3	requests	request	NNS
www-nature-com-63	500	4	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	500	5	materials	material	NNS
www-nature-com-63	500	6	should	should	MD
www-nature-com-63	500	7	be	be	VB
www-nature-com-63	500	8	addressed	address	VBN
www-nature-com-63	500	9	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	500	10	D.G.	D.G.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	501	1	or	or	CC
www-nature-com-63	501	2	S.W.	S.W.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	502	1	Peer	peer	NN
www-nature-com-63	502	2	review	review	NN
www-nature-com-63	502	3	information	information	NN
www-nature-com-63	502	4	Nature	Nature	NNP
www-nature-com-63	502	5	Communications	Communications	NNPS
www-nature-com-63	502	6	thanks	thank	NNS
www-nature-com-63	502	7	Hector	Hector	NNP
www-nature-com-63	502	8	F.	F.	NNP
www-nature-com-63	502	9	Calvo	Calvo	NNP
www-nature-com-63	502	10	-	-	HYPH
www-nature-com-63	502	11	Pardo	Pardo	NNP
www-nature-com-63	502	12	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	502	13	Lea	Lea	NNP
www-nature-com-63	502	14	Diestelmeier	Diestelmeier	NNP
www-nature-com-63	502	15	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	502	16	other	other	JJ
www-nature-com-63	502	17	anonymous	anonymous	NN
www-nature-com-63	502	18	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	502	19	reviewers	reviewer	NNS
www-nature-com-63	502	20	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	502	21	their	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	502	22	contributions	contribution	NNS
www-nature-com-63	502	23	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	502	24	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	502	25	peer	peer	NN
www-nature-com-63	502	26	review	review	NN
www-nature-com-63	502	27	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	502	28	this	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	502	29	work	work	NN
www-nature-com-63	502	30	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	503	1	Peer	peer	NN
www-nature-com-63	503	2	review	review	NN
www-nature-com-63	503	3	reports	report	NNS
www-nature-com-63	503	4	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	503	5	available	available	JJ
www-nature-com-63	503	6	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	504	1	Reprints	reprint	NNS
www-nature-com-63	504	2	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	504	3	permission	permission	NN
www-nature-com-63	504	4	information	information	NN
www-nature-com-63	504	5	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	504	6	available	available	JJ
www-nature-com-63	504	7	at	at	IN
www-nature-com-63	504	8	http://www.nature.com/reprints	http://www.nature.com/reprints	CD
www-nature-com-63	504	9	Publisher	Publisher	NNP
www-nature-com-63	504	10	’s	’s	POS
www-nature-com-63	504	11	note	note	NN
www-nature-com-63	504	12	Springer	Springer	NNP
www-nature-com-63	504	13	Nature	Nature	NNP
www-nature-com-63	504	14	remains	remain	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	504	15	neutral	neutral	JJ
www-nature-com-63	504	16	with	with	IN
www-nature-com-63	504	17	regard	regard	NN
www-nature-com-63	504	18	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	504	19	jurisdictional	jurisdictional	JJ
www-nature-com-63	504	20	claims	claim	NNS
www-nature-com-63	504	21	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	504	22	published	publish	VBN
www-nature-com-63	504	23	maps	map	NNS
www-nature-com-63	504	24	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	504	25	institutional	institutional	JJ
www-nature-com-63	504	26	affiliations	affiliation	NNS
www-nature-com-63	504	27	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	505	1	Open	open	JJ
www-nature-com-63	505	2	Access	access	NN
www-nature-com-63	505	3	This	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	505	4	article	article	NN
www-nature-com-63	505	5	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	505	6	licensed	license	VBN
www-nature-com-63	505	7	under	under	IN
www-nature-com-63	505	8	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	505	9	Creative	Creative	NNP
www-nature-com-63	505	10	Commons	Commons	NNP
www-nature-com-63	505	11	Attribution	Attribution	NNP
www-nature-com-63	505	12	4.0	4.0	CD
www-nature-com-63	505	13	International	International	NNP
www-nature-com-63	505	14	License	License	NNP
www-nature-com-63	505	15	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	505	16	which	which	WDT
www-nature-com-63	505	17	permits	permit	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	505	18	use	use	NN
www-nature-com-63	505	19	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	505	20	sharing	sharing	NN
www-nature-com-63	505	21	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	505	22	adaptation	adaptation	NN
www-nature-com-63	505	23	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	505	24	distribution	distribution	NN
www-nature-com-63	505	25	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	505	26	reproduction	reproduction	NN
www-nature-com-63	505	27	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	505	28	any	any	DT
www-nature-com-63	505	29	medium	medium	NN
www-nature-com-63	505	30	or	or	CC
www-nature-com-63	505	31	format	format	NN
www-nature-com-63	505	32	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	505	33	as	as	RB
www-nature-com-63	505	34	long	long	RB
www-nature-com-63	505	35	as	as	IN
www-nature-com-63	505	36	you	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	505	37	give	give	VBP
www-nature-com-63	505	38	appropriate	appropriate	JJ
www-nature-com-63	505	39	credit	credit	NN
www-nature-com-63	505	40	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	505	41	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	505	42	original	original	JJ
www-nature-com-63	505	43	author(s	author(s	NN
www-nature-com-63	505	44	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	505	45	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	505	46	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	505	47	source	source	NN
www-nature-com-63	505	48	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	505	49	provide	provide	VB
www-nature-com-63	505	50	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	505	51	link	link	NN
www-nature-com-63	505	52	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	505	53	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	505	54	Creative	Creative	NNP
www-nature-com-63	505	55	Commons	Commons	NNP
www-nature-com-63	505	56	license	license	NN
www-nature-com-63	505	57	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	505	58	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	505	59	indicate	indicate	VBP
www-nature-com-63	505	60	if	if	IN
www-nature-com-63	505	61	changes	change	NNS
www-nature-com-63	505	62	were	be	VBD
www-nature-com-63	505	63	made	make	VBN
www-nature-com-63	505	64	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	506	1	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	506	2	images	image	NNS
www-nature-com-63	506	3	or	or	CC
www-nature-com-63	506	4	other	other	JJ
www-nature-com-63	506	5	third	third	JJ
www-nature-com-63	506	6	party	party	NN
www-nature-com-63	506	7	material	material	NN
www-nature-com-63	506	8	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	506	9	this	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	506	10	article	article	NN
www-nature-com-63	506	11	are	be	VBP
www-nature-com-63	506	12	included	include	VBN
www-nature-com-63	506	13	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	506	14	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	506	15	article	article	NN
www-nature-com-63	506	16	’s	’s	POS
www-nature-com-63	506	17	Creative	Creative	NNP
www-nature-com-63	506	18	Commons	Commons	NNP
www-nature-com-63	506	19	license	license	NN
www-nature-com-63	506	20	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	506	21	unless	unless	IN
www-nature-com-63	506	22	indicated	indicate	VBN
www-nature-com-63	506	23	otherwise	otherwise	RB
www-nature-com-63	506	24	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	506	25	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	506	26	credit	credit	NN
www-nature-com-63	506	27	line	line	NN
www-nature-com-63	506	28	to	to	IN
www-nature-com-63	506	29	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	506	30	material	material	NN
www-nature-com-63	506	31	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	507	1	If	if	IN
www-nature-com-63	507	2	material	material	NN
www-nature-com-63	507	3	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	507	4	not	not	RB
www-nature-com-63	507	5	included	include	VBN
www-nature-com-63	507	6	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	507	7	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	507	8	article	article	NN
www-nature-com-63	507	9	’s	’s	POS
www-nature-com-63	507	10	Creative	Creative	NNP
www-nature-com-63	507	11	Commons	Commons	NNP
www-nature-com-63	507	12	license	license	NN
www-nature-com-63	507	13	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	507	14	your	-PRON-	PRP$
www-nature-com-63	507	15	intended	intended	JJ
www-nature-com-63	507	16	use	use	NN
www-nature-com-63	507	17	is	be	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	507	18	not	not	RB
www-nature-com-63	507	19	permitted	permit	VBN
www-nature-com-63	507	20	by	by	IN
www-nature-com-63	507	21	statutory	statutory	JJ
www-nature-com-63	507	22	regulation	regulation	NN
www-nature-com-63	507	23	or	or	CC
www-nature-com-63	507	24	exceeds	exceed	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	507	25	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	507	26	permitted	permit	VBN
www-nature-com-63	507	27	use	use	NN
www-nature-com-63	507	28	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	507	29	you	-PRON-	PRP
www-nature-com-63	507	30	will	will	MD
www-nature-com-63	507	31	need	need	VB
www-nature-com-63	507	32	to	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	507	33	obtain	obtain	VB
www-nature-com-63	507	34	permission	permission	NN
www-nature-com-63	507	35	directly	directly	RB
www-nature-com-63	507	36	from	from	IN
www-nature-com-63	507	37	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	507	38	copyright	copyright	NN
www-nature-com-63	507	39	holder	holder	NN
www-nature-com-63	507	40	.	.	.
www-nature-com-63	508	1	To	to	TO
www-nature-com-63	508	2	view	view	VB
www-nature-com-63	508	3	a	a	DT
www-nature-com-63	508	4	copy	copy	NN
www-nature-com-63	508	5	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	508	6	this	this	DT
www-nature-com-63	508	7	license	license	NN
www-nature-com-63	508	8	,	,	,
www-nature-com-63	508	9	visit	visit	VBP
www-nature-com-63	508	10	http://creativecommons.org/	http://creativecommons.org/	NN
www-nature-com-63	508	11	licenses	license	NNS
www-nature-com-63	508	12	/	/	SYM
www-nature-com-63	508	13	by/4.0/.	by/4.0/.	.
www-nature-com-63	509	1	©	©	LS
www-nature-com-63	509	2	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	509	3	Author(s	author(s	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	4	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	509	5	2021	2021	CD
www-nature-com-63	509	6	ARTICLE	ARTICLE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	509	7	NATURE	NATURE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	509	8	COMMUNICATIONS	communication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	509	9	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	509	10	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	509	11	10	10	CD
www-nature-com-63	509	12	NATURE	NATURE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	509	13	COMMUNICATIONS	communication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	509	14	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	509	15	(	(	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	509	16	2021	2021	CD
www-nature-com-63	509	17	)	)	-RRB-
www-nature-com-63	509	18	12:1938	12:1938	CD
www-nature-com-63	509	19	|	|	CD
www-nature-com-63	509	20	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	509	21	|	|	JJ
www-nature-com-63	509	22	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	509	23	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22256-3	CD
www-nature-com-63	509	24	http://www.nature.com/reprints	http://www.nature.com/reprint	NNS
www-nature-com-63	509	25	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	-LRB-
www-nature-com-63	509	26	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	FW
www-nature-com-63	509	27	www.nature.com/naturecommunications	www.nature.com/naturecommunication	NNS
www-nature-com-63	509	28	Policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	29	assessments	assessment	NNS
www-nature-com-63	509	30	for	for	IN
www-nature-com-63	509	31	the	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	509	32	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	33	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	34	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	509	35	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	509	36	sustainability	sustainability	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	37	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	509	38	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	509	39	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	40	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	41	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	509	42	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	509	43	Results	Results	NNP
www-nature-com-63	509	44	The	the	DT
www-nature-com-63	509	45	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	46	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	509	47	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	48	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	49	problem	problem	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	50	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	509	51	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	509	52	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	53	in	in	IN
www-nature-com-63	509	54	China	China	NNP
www-nature-com-63	509	55	Carbon	Carbon	NNP
www-nature-com-63	509	56	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	57	flows	flow	VBZ
www-nature-com-63	509	58	of	of	IN
www-nature-com-63	509	59	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	509	60	blockchain	blockchain	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	61	operation	operation	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	62	Carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	63	policy	policy	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	64	effectiveness	effectiveness	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	65	evaluation	evaluation	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	66	Discussion	Discussion	NNP
www-nature-com-63	509	67	Methods	Methods	NNP
www-nature-com-63	509	68	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	509	69	mining	mining	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	70	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	509	71	transaction	transaction	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	72	subsystem	subsystem	NNP
www-nature-com-63	509	73	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	509	74	energy	energy	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	75	consumption	consumption	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	76	subsystem	subsystem	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	77	Bitcoin	Bitcoin	NNP
www-nature-com-63	509	78	carbon	carbon	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	79	emission	emission	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	80	subsystem	subsystem	NNP
www-nature-com-63	509	81	BBCE	BBCE	NNP
www-nature-com-63	509	82	model	model	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	83	parameterizations	parameterization	NNS
www-nature-com-63	509	84	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	509	85	quantitative	quantitative	JJ
www-nature-com-63	509	86	settings	setting	NNS
www-nature-com-63	509	87	Validation	validation	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	88	and	and	CC
www-nature-com-63	509	89	robustness	robustness	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	90	tests	test	NNS
www-nature-com-63	509	91	Reporting	report	VBG
www-nature-com-63	509	92	summary	summary	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	93	Data	datum	NNS
www-nature-com-63	509	94	availability	availability	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	95	References	reference	NNS
www-nature-com-63	509	96	Acknowledgements	Acknowledgements	NNP
www-nature-com-63	509	97	Author	author	NN
www-nature-com-63	509	98	contributions	contribution	NNS
www-nature-com-63	509	99	Competing	compete	VBG
www-nature-com-63	509	100	interests	interest	NNS
www-nature-com-63	509	101	Additional	additional	JJ
www-nature-com-63	509	102	information	information	NN