id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt en-wikipedia-org-1641 Social identity theory - Wikipedia .html text/html 4653 611 55 Social identity attributes the cause of ingroup favoritism to a psychological need for positive distinctiveness and describes the situations where ingroup favoritism is likely to occur (as a function of perceived group status, legitimacy, stability, and permeability).[3][28] It has been shown via the minimal group studies that ingroup favoritism may occur for both arbitrary ingroups (e.g. a coin toss may split participants into a 'heads' group and a 'tails' group) as well as non-arbitrary ingroups (e.g. ingroups based on cultures, genders, sexual orientation, and first languages).[29][30] Some researchers, including Michael Hogg and Dominic Abrams, thus propose a fairly direct relationship between positive social identity and self-esteem. Differentiation Between Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations. Differentiation Between Groups: Studies in the Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations. ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-1641.html ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1641.txt