id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 1 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 2 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 4 Wikipedia wikipedia NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 5 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 6 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 7 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 8 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 11 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 12 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 13 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 15 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 16 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 18 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 19 Increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 22 inflation inflation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 24 adjusted adjust VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 25 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 26 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 29 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 31 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 32 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 34 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 35 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 36 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 37 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 1 Gross gross JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 2 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 3 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 4 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 6 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 8 1990–1998 1990–1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 10 1990–2006 1990–2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 13 selected select VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 14 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 15 Rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 17 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 19 gross gross JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 20 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 21 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 23 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 25 Organisation Organisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 27 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 28 Co Co NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 29 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 30 operation operation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 32 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 34 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 35 1961 1961 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 36 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 39 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 40 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 41 Macroeconomics Macroeconomics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 42 Basic Basic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 43 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 44 Aggregate aggregate JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 45 demand demand VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 46 Aggregate aggregate JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 47 supply supply NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 48 Business business NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 49 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 50 Deflation Deflation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 51 Demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 52 shock shock NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 53 Disinflation disinflation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 54 Effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 55 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 56 Expectations Expectations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 57 Adaptive Adaptive NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 58 Rational Rational NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 59 Financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 60 crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 61 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 62 Inflation Inflation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 63 Demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 64 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 65 pull pull VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 66 Cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 67 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 68 push push NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 69 Interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 70 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 71 Investment Investment NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 72 Liquidity Liquidity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 73 trap trap NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 74 Measures measure NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 75 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 76 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 77 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 78 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 79 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 80 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 81 GNI GNI NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 82 NNI NNI NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 83 Microfoundations Microfoundations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 84 Money money NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 85 Endogenous endogenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 86 Money money NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 87 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 88 Demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 89 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 90 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 91 Liquidity Liquidity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 92 preference preference NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 93 Money Money NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 94 supply supply VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 95 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 96 accounts account VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 97 SNA SNA NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 98 Nominal Nominal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 99 rigidity rigidity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 100 Price price NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 101 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 102 Recession recession NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 103 Shrinkflation Shrinkflation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 104 Stagflation Stagflation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 105 Supply Supply NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 106 shock shock NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 107 Saving Saving NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 108 Unemployment unemployment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 109 Policies Policies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 110 Fiscal Fiscal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 111 Monetary Monetary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 112 Commercial Commercial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 113 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 114 bank bank NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 115 Models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 116 IS be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 117 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 118 LM LM NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 119 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 120 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 121 AS as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 122 Keynesian Keynesian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 123 cross cross NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 124 Multiplier Multiplier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 125 Accelerator Accelerator NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 126 Phillips Phillips NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 127 curve curve NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 128 Arrow Arrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 129 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 130 Debreu Debreu NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 131 Harrod Harrod NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 132 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 133 Domar Domar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 134 Solow Solow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 135 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 136 Swan Swan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 137 Ramsey Ramsey NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 138 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 139 Cass Cass NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 140 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 141 Koopmans koopman VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 142 Overlapping overlap VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 143 generations generation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 144 General general JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 145 equilibrium equilibrium NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 146 DSGE dsge JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 147 Endogenous endogenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 148 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 149 Matching matching NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 150 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 151 Mundell Mundell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 152 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 153 Fleming Fleming NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 154 Overshooting Overshooting NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 155 NAIRU NAIRU NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 156 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 157 fields field NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 158 Econometrics Econometrics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 159 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 160 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 161 Monetary Monetary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 162 economics economic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 163 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 164 economics economic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 165 International international JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 166 economics economic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 167 Schools Schools NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 168 Mainstream Mainstream NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 169 Keynesian Keynesian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 170 Neo- Neo- NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 171 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 172 Monetarism Monetarism NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 173 New new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 174 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 175 Real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 176 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 177 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 178 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 179 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 180 Stockholm Stockholm NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 181 Supply Supply NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 182 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 183 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 184 New new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 185 neoclassical neoclassical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 186 synthesis synthesis NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 187 Saltwater Saltwater NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 188 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 189 freshwater freshwater NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 190 Heterodox Heterodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 191 Austrian Austrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 192 Chartalism Chartalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 193 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 194 Monetary Monetary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 195 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 196 Post Post NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 197 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 198 Keynesian keynesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 199 Circuitism Circuitism NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 200 Disequilibrium Disequilibrium NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 201 Marxian Marxian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 202 Market Market NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 203 monetarism monetarism NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 204 People People NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 205 François François NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 206 Quesnay Quesnay NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 207 Adam Adam NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 208 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 209 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 210 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 211 Malthus Malthus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 212 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 213 Marx Marx NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 214 Léon Léon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 215 Walras Walras NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 216 Georg Georg NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 217 Friedrich Friedrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 218 Knapp Knapp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 219 Knut Knut NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 220 Wicksell Wicksell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 221 Irving Irving NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 222 Fisher Fisher NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 223 Wesley Wesley NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 224 Clair Clair NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 225 Mitchell Mitchell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 226 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 227 Maynard Maynard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 228 Keynes Keynes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 229 Alvin Alvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 230 Hansen Hansen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 231 Michał Michał NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 232 Kalecki Kalecki NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 233 Gunnar Gunnar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 234 Myrdal Myrdal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 235 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 236 Kuznets Kuznets NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 237 Joan Joan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 238 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 239 Friedrich Friedrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 240 Hayek Hayek NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 241 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 242 Hicks Hicks NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 243 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 244 Stone Stone NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 245 Hyman Hyman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 246 Minsky Minsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 247 Milton Milton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 248 Friedman Friedman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 249 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 250 Samuelson Samuelson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 251 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 252 Klein Klein NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 253 Edmund Edmund NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 254 Phelps Phelps NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 255 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 256 Lucas Lucas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 257 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 258 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 259 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 260 Prescott Prescott NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 261 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 262 Diamond Diamond NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 263 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 264 Nordhaus Nordhaus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 265 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 266 Stiglitz Stiglitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 267 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 268 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 269 Sargent Sargent NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 270 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 271 Krugman Krugman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 272 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 273 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 274 Mankiw Mankiw NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 275 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 276 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 277 Macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 278 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 279 Publications publication NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 280 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 281 macroeconomics macroeconomic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 282 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 283 Applied Applied NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 284 Microeconomics Microeconomics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 285 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 286 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 287 Mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 288 economics economic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 289   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 290 Money money NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 291 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 292   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 293 Business business NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 294 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 295 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 296 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 297 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 298 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 299 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 300 define define VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 301 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 302 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 303 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 304 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 305 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 306 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 307 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 308 inflation inflation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 309 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 310 adjusted adjust VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 311 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 312 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 313 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 314 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 315 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 316 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 317 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 318 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 319 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 320 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 321 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 322 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 323 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 2 324 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 1 Statisticians statistician NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 2 conventionally conventionally RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 3 measure measure VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 4 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 8 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 9 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 11 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 13 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 14 gross gross JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 15 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 16 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 19 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 20 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 3 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 2 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 4 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 6 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 7 calculated calculate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 9 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 10 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 11 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 12 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 14 inflation inflation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 16 adjusted adjust VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 17 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 18 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 20 eliminate eliminate VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 22 distorting distort VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 23 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 25 inflation inflation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 28 prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 30 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 31 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 4 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 5 1 Measurement measurement NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 5 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 5 3 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 5 4 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 5 5 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 5 6 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 5 7 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 5 8 accounting accounting NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 5 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 4 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 5 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 6 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 8 measured measure VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 11 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 12 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 13 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 15 gross gross JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 16 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 17 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 19 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 22 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 23 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 24 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 26 advantages advantage NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 28 drawbacks drawback NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 30 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 31 measure measure NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 6 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 7 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 7 2 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 7 3 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 7 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 7 5 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 7 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 7 7 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 7 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 7 9 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 7 10 compared[by compared[by VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 7 11 whom whom WP en-wikipedia-org-4485 7 12 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-4485 7 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 8 1 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 8 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 8 3 ratio ratio NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 8 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 8 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 8 6 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 8 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 8 8 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 8 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 8 10 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 8 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 8 12 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 8 13 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 8 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 8 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 6 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 8 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 9 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 11 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 14 geometric geometric JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 15 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 16 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 18 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 20 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 21 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 23 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 26 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 27 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 28 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 30 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 32 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 9 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 2 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 3 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 4 represents represent VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 6 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 9 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 10 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 12 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 13 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 15 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 18 ignores ignore VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 19 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 20 fluctuations fluctuation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 23 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 24 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 25 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 26 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 10 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 1 Economists economist NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 2 refer refer VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 5 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 7 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 8 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 9 caused cause VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 11 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 12 efficient efficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 13 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 15 inputs input NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 17 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 18 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 20 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 23 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 24 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 27 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 30 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 33 intensive intensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 34 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 11 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 2 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 4 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 6 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 7 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 9 increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 12 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 14 inputs input NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 15 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 17 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 19 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 20 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 23 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 26 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 27 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 29 counts count VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 31 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 32 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 12 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 13 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 13 2 4 4 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 13 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 13 4 Development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 13 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 13 6 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 13 7 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 13 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 13 9 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 13 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 13 11 generates generate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 13 12 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 13 13 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 13 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 5 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 7 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 8 happens happen VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 12 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 13 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 14 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 15 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 17 consumer consumer NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 18 spending spending NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 20 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 21 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 23 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 25 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 26 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 27 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 28 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 29 exist exist VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 31 1869 1869 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 14 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 4 Contents Contents NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 6 Measurement Measurement NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 7 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 8 Long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 10 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 11 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 12 2.1 2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 13 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 15 innovation innovation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 16 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 17 Determinants Determinants NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 19 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 20 capita capita FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 21 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 22 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 23 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 24 Productivity Productivity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 25 3.2 3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 26 Factor Factor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 27 accumulation accumulation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 28 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 29 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 30 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 31 affecting affect VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 32 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 33 4.1 4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 34 Human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 35 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 36 4.2 4.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 37 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 38 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 39 4.3 4.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 40 Entrepreneurs entrepreneur NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 42 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 43 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 44 4.4 4.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 45 Structural structural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 46 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 47 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 48 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 49 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 50 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 51 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 52 Malthusian malthusian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 53 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 54 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 55 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 56 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 57 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 58 5.3 5.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 59 Solow Solow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 60 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 61 Swan Swan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 62 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 63 5.4 5.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 64 Endogenous endogenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 65 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 66 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 67 5.5 5.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 68 Unified unified JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 69 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 70 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 71 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 72 Inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 73 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 74 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 75 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 76 Theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 77 6.2 6.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 78 Evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 79 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 80 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 81 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 82 6.3 6.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 83 Evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 84 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 85 mechanisms mechanisms NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 86 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 87 Importance Importance NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 88 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 89 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 90 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 91 run run NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 92 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 93 7.1 7.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 94 Quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 95 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 96 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 97 7.2 7.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 98 Equitable equitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 99 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 100 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 101 Environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 102 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 103 8.1 8.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 104 Global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 105 warming warming NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 106 8.2 8.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 107 Resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 108 constraint constraint NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 109 8.3 8.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 110 Energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 111 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 112 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 113 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 114 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 115 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 116 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 117 Further further RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 118 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 119 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 120 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 121 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 122 12.1 12.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 123 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 124 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 125 lectures lecture VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 126 12.2 12.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 127 Data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 128 Measurement[edit measurement[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 129 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 130 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 131 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 132 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 133 Gross gross JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 134 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 135 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 136 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 137 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 138 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 139 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 140 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 141 calculated calculate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 142 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 143 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 144 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 145 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 146 estimated estimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 147 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 148 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 149 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 150 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 151 agencies agency NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 15 152 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 2 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 4 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 6 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 7 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 8 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 10 calculated calculate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 12 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 14 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 16 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 19 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 21 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 22 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 23 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 26 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 29 analyst analyst NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 16 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 1 Long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 3 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 4 growth[edit growth[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 6 Living living NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 7 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 8 vary vary VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 9 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 11 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 13 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 16 furthermore furthermore RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 19 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 21 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 22 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 23 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 24 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 25 varies vary VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 26 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 28 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 30 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 17 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 1 Below below RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 4 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 5 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 6 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 7 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 8 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 9 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 11 annualized annualize VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 12 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 13 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 14 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 15 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 18 selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 20 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 21 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 23 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 25 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 26 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 27 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 18 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 19 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 19 2 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 19 3 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 19 4 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 19 5 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 19 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 19 7 adjusted adjust VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 19 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 19 9 inflation inflation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 19 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 19 11 hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 19 12 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 19 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 19 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 19 15 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 19 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 19 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 1 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 2 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 3 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 5 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 6 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 7 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 9 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 10 capita capita FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 12 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 16 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 19 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 20 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 21 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 24 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 26 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 29 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 30 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 31 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 32 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 33 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 35 conceptually conceptually RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 36 analogous analogous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 38 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 39 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 40 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 41 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 20 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 1 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 2 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 4 country[6 country[6 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 6 Country Country NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 7 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 8 Real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 9 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 10 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 11 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 13 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 15 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 16 Real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 17 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 18 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 19 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 20 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 21 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 23 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 24 Annualized annualized JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 25 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 26 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 27 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 28 1890–2008 1890–2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 29 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 30 1,504 1,504 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 31 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 32 35,220 35,220 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 33 2.71 2.71 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 34 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 35 Brazil Brazil NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 36 1900–2008 1900–2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 37 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 38 779 779 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 39 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 40 10,070 10,070 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 41 2.40 2.40 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 42 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 43 Mexico Mexico NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 44 1900–2008 1900–2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 45 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 46 1,159 1,159 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 47 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 48 14,270 14,270 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 49 2.35 2.35 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 50 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 51 Germany Germany NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 52 1870–2008 1870–2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 53 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 54 2,184 2,184 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 55 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 56 35,940 35,940 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 57 2.05 2.05 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 58 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 59 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 60 1870–2008 1870–2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 61 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 62 2,375 2,375 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 63 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 64 36,220 36,220 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 65 1.99 1.99 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 66 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 67 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 68 1900–2008 1900–2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 69 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 70 716 716 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 71 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 72 6,020 6,020 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 73 1.99 1.99 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 74 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 75 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 76 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 77 1870–2008 1870–2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 78 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 79 4,007 4,007 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 80 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 81 46,970 46,970 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 82 1.80 1.80 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 83 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 84 Argentina Argentina NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 85 1900–2008 1900–2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 86 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 87 2,293 2,293 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 88 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 89 14,020 14,020 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 90 1.69 1.69 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 91 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 92 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 93 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 94 1870–2008 1870–2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 95 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 96 4,808 4,808 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 97 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 98 36,130 36,130 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 99 1.47 1.47 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 100 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 101 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 102 1900–2008 1900–2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 103 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 104 675 675 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 105 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 106 2,960 2,960 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 107 1.38 1.38 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 108 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 109 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 110 1900–2008 1900–2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 111 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 112 891 891 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 113 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 114 3,830 3,830 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 115 1.36 1.36 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 116 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 117 Bangladesh Bangladesh NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 118 1900–2008 1900–2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 119 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 120 623 623 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 121 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 122 1,440 1,440 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 123 0.78 0.78 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 124 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 125 Seemingly seemingly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 126 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 127 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 128 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 129 yearly yearly JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 130 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 131 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 132 lead lead VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 133 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 134 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 135 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 136 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 137 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 138 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 139 compounded compound VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 140 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 141 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 21 142 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 2 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 6 above above JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 7 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 9 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 10 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 11 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 14 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 15 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 18 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 19 1870 1870 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 21 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 22 4,808 4,808 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 22 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 3 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 4 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 7 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 8 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 10 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 11 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 12 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 14 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 15 4,007 4,007 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 17 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 18 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 20 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 22 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 23 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 24 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 23 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 6 positions position NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 8 reversed reverse VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 10 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 11 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 12 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 14 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 15 36,130 36,130 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 18 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 19 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 21 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 22 46,970 46,970 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 25 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 26 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 24 28 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 25 1 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 25 2 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 25 3 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 25 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 25 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 25 6 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 25 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 25 8 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 25 9 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 25 10 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 25 11 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 25 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 25 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 25 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 25 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 25 16 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 25 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 3 above above JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 4 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 5 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 8 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 10 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 11 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 12 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 13 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 16 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 19 1.80 1.80 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 20 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 21 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 22 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 25 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 28 1.47 1.47 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 29 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 32 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 26 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 4 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 6 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 7 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 9 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 11 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 12 tenths tenth NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 15 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 16 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 17 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 18 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 20 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 21 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 23 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 24 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 26 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 27 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 28 persistent persistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 29 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 31 generation generation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 27 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 4 observations observation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 6 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 8 economists economist NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 10 view view VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 11 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 12 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 15 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 16 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 17 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 20 field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 22 macroeconomics macroeconomic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 24 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 25 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 26 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 27 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 28 learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 29 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 30 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 31 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 32 options option NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 33 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 34 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 35 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 36 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 37 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 38 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 39 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 41 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 42 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 43 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 45 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 46 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 47 contribute contribute VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 48 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 49 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 50 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 51 improvements improvement NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 52 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 53 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 55 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 56 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 57 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 58 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 59 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 60 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 61 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 62 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 63 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 65 macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 66 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 67 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 68 countercyclical countercyclical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 69 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 70 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 71 fine fine NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 72 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 73 tuning tuning NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 28 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 29 1 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 29 2 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 29 3 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 29 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 29 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 29 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 29 7 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 29 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 29 9 macroeconomics macroeconomic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 29 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 29 11 really really RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 29 12 matters matter VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 29 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 2 7 7 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 4 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 6 innovation[edit innovation[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 8 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 9 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 11 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 13 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 14 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 16 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 17 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 18 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 19 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 20 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 21 observed observe VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 23 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 24 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 26 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 29 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 32 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 30 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 31 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 31 2 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 31 3 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 31 4 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 31 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 31 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 31 7 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 31 8 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 31 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 31 10 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 31 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 31 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 31 13 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 31 14 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 31 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 31 16 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 31 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 31 18 convex convex NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 31 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 32 1 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 32 2 increases increase VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 32 3 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 32 4 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 32 5 reaches reach VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 32 6 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 32 7 maximum maximum NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 32 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 32 9 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 32 10 begins begin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 32 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 32 12 decline decline VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 32 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 33 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-4485 33 2 exists exist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 33 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 33 4 extremum extremum JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 33 5 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 33 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 34 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 34 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 34 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 34 4 exactly exactly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 34 5 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 34 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 34 7 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 34 8 trap trap NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 34 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 35 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 35 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 35 3 observed observe VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 35 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 35 5 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 35 6 developed developed JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 35 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 35 8 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 35 9 economies economy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 35 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 36 1 Actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 36 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 36 3 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 36 4 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 36 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 36 6 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 36 7 belong belong VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 36 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 36 9 conventional conventional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 36 10 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 36 11 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 36 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 4 extremum extremum NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 5 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 7 extended extend VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 9 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 11 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 12 innovations innovation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 14 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 15 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 16 move move VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 17 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 18 innovative innovative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 19 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 20 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 22 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 23 limiting limit VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 24 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 37 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 4 Determinants determinant NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 6 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 7 capita capita FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 8 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 9 growth[edit growth[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 11 Historic historic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 12 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 13 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 14 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 15 capita capita FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 16 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 17 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 18 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 19 accounting accounting NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 21 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 22 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 23 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 24 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 25 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 26 calculated calculate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 27 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 29 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 30 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 32 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 33 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 34 unit unit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 36 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 37 input input NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 39 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 40 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 43 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 44 worked work VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 46 intensity intensity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 50 percentage percentage NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 53 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 54 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 55 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 56 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 57 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 58 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 59 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 60 participation participation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 61 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 62 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 63 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 64 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 65 proportion proportion NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 66 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 67 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 68 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 69 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 70 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 71 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 72 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 73 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 74 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 75 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 76 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 77 demographics demographic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 78 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 38 79 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 3 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 5 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 7 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 8 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 9 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 12 sum sum NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 15 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 17 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 19 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 20 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 21 variables variable NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 22 plus plus CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 24 cross cross NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 25 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 39 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 3 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 5 Economists economist NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 6 distinguish distinguish VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 7 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 8 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 10 run run NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 11 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 12 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 14 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 16 run run NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 17 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 18 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 20 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 40 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 41 1 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 41 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 41 3 run run VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 41 4 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 41 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 41 6 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 41 7 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 41 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 41 9 termed term VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 41 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 41 11 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 41 12 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 41 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 42 1 Generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 42 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 42 3 economists economist NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 42 4 attribute attribute VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 42 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 42 6 ups up NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 42 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 42 8 downs down NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 42 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 42 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 42 11 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 42 12 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 42 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 42 14 fluctuations fluctuation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 42 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 42 16 aggregate aggregate JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 42 17 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 42 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 2 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 4 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 7 concerned concern VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 10 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 12 run run NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 13 trend trend NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 15 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 16 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 18 structural structural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 19 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 20 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 22 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 23 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 25 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 26 accumulation accumulation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 43 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 1 Productivity[edit productivity[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 3 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 4 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 6 Productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 7 improving improve VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 8 technologies technology NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 9 Increases Increases NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 11 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 12 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 15 ratio ratio NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 18 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 20 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 22 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 23 input input NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 25 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 26 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 27 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 29 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 30 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 31 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 33 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 34 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 35 capita capita FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 36 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 37 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 44 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 2 10][11][12][13][14 10][11][12][13][14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 5 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 7 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 8 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 10 MIT MIT NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 11 Professor Professor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 12 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 13 Solow Solow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 14 concluded conclude VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 16 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 17 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 18 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 19 accounted account VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 21 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 22 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 25 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 27 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 28 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 30 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 31 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 32 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 33 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 35 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 36 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 37 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 39 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 40 explaining explain VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 41 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 43 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 44 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 45 percent percent NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 45 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 46 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 46 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 46 3 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 46 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 46 5 Increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 46 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 46 7 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 46 8 lower lower RBR en-wikipedia-org-4485 46 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 46 10 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 46 11 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 46 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 46 13 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 46 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 47 1 Over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 47 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 47 3 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 47 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 47 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 47 6 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 47 7 price price NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 47 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 47 9 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 47 10 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 47 11 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 47 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 47 13 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 47 14 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 47 15 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 47 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 4 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 7 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 9 attributed attribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 12 accumulation accumulation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 14 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 16 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 17 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 20 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 22 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 24 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 26 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 27 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 28 arising arise VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 30 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 31 innovation innovation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 48 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 49 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 49 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 49 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 49 4 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 49 5 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 49 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 49 7 labour labour NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 49 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 49 9 specialization specialization NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 49 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 49 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 49 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 49 13 fundamental fundamental JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 49 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 49 15 rising rise VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 49 16 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 49 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 4 Before before IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 5 industrialization industrialization NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 6 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 7 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 8 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 11 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 14 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 18 kept keep VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 20 check check NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 22 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 23 supply supply NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 25 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 26 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 29 acted act VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 31 limit limit VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 32 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 33 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 34 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 37 condition condition NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 38 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 41 Malthusian malthusian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 42 trap trap NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 50 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 2 19][20 19][20 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 5 rapid rapid JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 6 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 7 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 9 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 10 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 12 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 13 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 15 remarkable remarkable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 16 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 20 excess excess NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 22 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 23 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 25 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 26 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 27 escape escape NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 30 Malthusian malthusian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 31 trap trap NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 51 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 4 Countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 5 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 6 industrialized industrialize VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 7 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 8 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 9 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 10 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 11 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 12 slow slow VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 13 down down RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 16 phenomenon phenomenon NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 17 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 20 demographic demographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 21 transition transition NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 52 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 1 Increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 3 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 6 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 7 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 8 responsible responsible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 10 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 11 capita capita FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 12 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 13 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 14 — — : en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 15 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 16 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 17 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 18 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 19 evident evident JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 20 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 22 mid-19th mid-19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 23 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 53 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 4 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 8 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 11 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 13 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 14 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 15 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 16 unit unit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 18 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 20 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 22 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 25 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 27 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 28 input input NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 29 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 30 widget widget NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 54 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 55 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 55 2 balance balance NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 55 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 55 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 55 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 55 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 55 7 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 55 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 55 9 come come VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 55 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 55 11 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 55 12 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 55 13 inputs input NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 55 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 56 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 56 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 56 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 56 4 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 56 5 increase increase VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 56 6 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 56 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 57 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 57 2 increased increased JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 57 3 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 57 4 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 57 5 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 57 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 57 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 57 8 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 57 9 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 57 10 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 57 11 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 57 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 57 13 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 57 14 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 57 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 57 16 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 57 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 6 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 7 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 9 mechanization mechanization NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 10 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 12 replace replace VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 13 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 14 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 16 manufacturing manufacturing NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 19 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 20 processes process NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 21 streamlined streamline VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 22 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 24 chemicals chemical NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 26 iron iron NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 28 steel steel NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 31 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 32 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 58 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 4 Machine machine NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 5 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 6 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 8 economical economical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 9 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 11 metal metal NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 12 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 13 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 15 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 17 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 18 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 19 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 20 interchangeable interchangeable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 59 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 60 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 60 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 60 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 60 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 60 5 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 60 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 60 7 Interchangeable interchangeable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 60 8 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 60 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 60 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 3 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 4 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 5 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 8 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 9 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 11 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 12 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 15 substitution substitution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 17 inanimate inanimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 18 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 20 human human NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 22 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 23 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 61 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 1 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 2 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 5 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 6 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 8 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 10 steam steam NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 12 powered power VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 13 electricity electricity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 14 generation generation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 16 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 17 combustion combustion NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 18 supplanted supplant VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 19 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 20 wind wind NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 22 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 23 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 62 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 4 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 5 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 6 replacement replacement NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 9 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 10 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 12 total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 13 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 15 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 17 continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 18 improvements improvement NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 20 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 21 conversion conversion NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 22 efficiency efficiency NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 63 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 4 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 5 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 6 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 7 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 9 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 11 automation automation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 13 transportation transportation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 14 infrastructures infrastructure NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 16 canals canal NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 18 railroads railroad NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 21 highways),[26][27 highways),[26][27 NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 23 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 24 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 26 steel steel NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 29 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 31 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 32 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 33 steam steam NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 35 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 36 combustion combustion NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 37 engines engine NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 39 electricity electricity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 64 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 2 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 3 improvements improvement NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 4 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 5 mechanized mechanized JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 6 agriculture agriculture NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 8 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 9 agriculture agriculture NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 10 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 11 chemical chemical NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 12 fertilizers fertilizer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 14 livestock livestock NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 16 poultry poultry NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 17 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 21 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 22 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 65 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 1 Interchangeable interchangeable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 2 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 3 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 5 machine machine NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 6 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 7 powered power VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 9 electric electric JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 10 motors motor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 11 evolved evolve VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 13 mass mass JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 14 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 18 universally universally RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 19 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 20 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 66 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 67 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 67 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 67 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 67 4 Productivity Productivity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 67 5 lowered lower VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 67 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 67 7 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 67 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 67 9 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-4485 67 10 items item NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 67 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 67 12 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 67 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 67 14 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 67 15 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 67 16 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 67 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 67 18 purchase purchase VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 67 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 1 Real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 2 food food NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 3 prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 4 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 5 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 7 improvements improvement NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 9 transportation transportation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 11 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 13 mechanized mechanized JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 14 agriculture agriculture NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 16 fertilizers fertilizer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 18 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 19 farming farming NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 22 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 23 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 68 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 1 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 2 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 4 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 5 improvement improvement NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 8 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 9 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 12 railroads railroad NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 14 steam steam NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 15 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 17 horse horse NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 19 pulled pull VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 20 reapers reaper NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 22 combine combine VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 23 harvesters harvester NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 26 steam steam NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 28 powered power VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 29 factories factory NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 69 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 2 28][29 28][29 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 5 invention invention NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 7 processes process NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 9 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 10 cheap cheap JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 11 steel steel NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 13 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 15 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 16 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 18 mechanization mechanization NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 20 transportation transportation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 70 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 3 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 4 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 5 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 6 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 7 prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 9 weekly weekly JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 10 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 11 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 12 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 13 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 14 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 15 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 17 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 20 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 21 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 22 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 24 produce produce VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 26 transport transport NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 27 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 71 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 3 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 4 wages wage NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 5 rose rise VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 7 allowing allow VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 8 workers worker NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 10 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 12 diet diet NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 14 buy buy VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 15 consumer consumer NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 16 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 18 afford afford VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 19 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 20 housing housing NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 72 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 4 Mass mass NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 5 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 8 1920s 1920 NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 9 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 10 overproduction overproduction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 14 arguably arguably RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 15 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 17 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 18 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 21 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 22 Depression Depression NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 25 1930s 1930 NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 73 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 4 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 6 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 7 Depression Depression NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 9 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 10 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 11 resumed resume VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 13 aided aid VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 15 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 17 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 18 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 20 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 21 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 23 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 25 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 27 automobiles automobile NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 29 telephones telephone NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 31 radios radio NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 33 electricity electricity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 35 household household NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 36 appliances appliance NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 74 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 1 New new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 2 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 4 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 5 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 6 television television NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 8 air air NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 9 conditioning conditioning NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 11 commercial commercial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 12 aviation aviation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 14 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 15 1950 1950 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 18 creating create VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 19 enough enough JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 20 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 21 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 23 stabilize stabilize VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 25 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 26 week week NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 75 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 5 building building NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 7 highway highway NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 8 infrastructures infrastructure NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 10 contributed contribute VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 12 post post VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 13 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 14 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 15 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 16 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 19 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 20 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 21 investments investment NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 23 manufacturing manufacturing NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 25 chemical chemical NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 26 industries industry NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 76 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 2 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 5 post post AFX en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 6 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 7 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 8 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 9 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 11 benefited benefit VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 14 discovery discovery NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 16 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 17 amounts amount NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 19 oil oil NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 20 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 22 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 24 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 27 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 28 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 77 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 3 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 4 Kendrick Kendrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 6 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 8 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 10 quarters quarter NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 12 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 14 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 15 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 16 capita capita FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 17 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 19 1889 1889 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 21 1957 1957 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 23 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 25 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 26 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 78 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 79 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 79 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 79 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 79 4 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 79 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 79 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 79 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 79 8 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 79 9 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 79 10 slowed slow VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 79 11 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-4485 79 12 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 79 13 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 79 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 2 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 5 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 6 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 8 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 10 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 11 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 12 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 13 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 15 starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 17 Japan Japan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 19 spreading spread VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 21 Four four CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 22 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 23 Tigers Tigers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 25 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 27 Southeast Southeast NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 28 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 31 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 32 subcontinent subcontinent NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 34 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 35 Pacific Pacific NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 80 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 5 1957 1957 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 6 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 7 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 10 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 11 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 12 capita capita FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 13 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 14 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 15 Ghana,[35 Ghana,[35 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 19 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 20 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 22 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 23 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 24 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 25 high high RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 27 Ghana Ghana NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 28 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 81 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 82 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 82 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 82 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 82 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 82 5 Japanese japanese JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 82 6 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 82 7 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 82 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 82 9 slackened slacken VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 82 10 considerably considerably RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 82 11 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 82 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 82 13 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 82 14 1980s 1980 NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 82 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 1 Productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 4 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 5 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 6 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 9 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 10 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 11 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 13 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 14 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 17 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 18 rapid rapid JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 21 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 23 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 24 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 27 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 28 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 83 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 2 37][38][39][40][41 37][38][39][40][41 NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 4 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 5 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 6 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 7 spiked spike VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 8 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 10 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 15 1996–2004 1996–2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 17 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 20 acceleration acceleration NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 23 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 25 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 26 innovation innovation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 27 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 29 Moore Moore NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 30 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 31 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 84 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 85 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 85 2 42][43][44][45 42][43][44][45 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 85 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 85 4 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 85 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 85 6 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 85 7 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 85 8 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 85 9 returned return VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 85 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 85 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 85 12 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 85 13 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 85 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 85 15 1972–96 1972–96 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 85 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 4 Factor Factor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 5 accumulation[edit accumulation[edit , en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 7 Capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 9 economics economic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 10 ordinarily ordinarily RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 11 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 13 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 14 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 17 consists consist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 19 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 21 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 22 component component NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 24 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 25 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 28 equipment equipment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 29 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 31 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 33 machinery machinery NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 35 factory factory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 36 equipment equipment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 38 computers computer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 40 office office NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 41 equipment equipment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 43 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 44 equipment equipment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 46 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 47 vehicles vehicle NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 49 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 50 equipment equipment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 52 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 86 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 4 Up up IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 7 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 8 increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 11 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 13 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 14 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 15 worker worker NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 18 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 19 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 21 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 22 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 23 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 87 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 1 Capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 3 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 5 diminishing diminishing JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 6 returns return NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 7 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 10 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 12 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 14 effectively effectively RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 15 invested invest VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 17 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 20 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 21 burden burden NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 23 depreciation depreciation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 88 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 3 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 5 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 6 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 9 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 11 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 13 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 16 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 17 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 20 owners owner NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 22 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 24 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 89 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 5 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 6 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 7 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 8 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 10 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 11 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 12 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 14 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 15 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 17 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 18 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 19 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 21 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 22 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 90 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 91 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 91 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 91 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 91 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 91 5 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 91 6 week week NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 91 7 declined decline VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 91 8 considerably considerably RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 91 9 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 91 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 91 11 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 91 12 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 91 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 2 48][49 48][49 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 6 1920s 1920 NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 8 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 9 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 10 week week NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 13 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 15 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 16 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 18 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 20 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 21 week week NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 22 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 23 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 25 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 26 hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 28 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 30 overtime overtime NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 31 premium premium NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 32 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 33 applied apply VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 36 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 39 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 40 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 41 Recovery Recovery NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 42 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 44 1933 1933 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 92 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 93 1 Demographic demographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 93 2 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 93 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 93 4 influence influence VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 93 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 93 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 93 7 changing change VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 93 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 93 9 employment employment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 93 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 93 11 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 93 12 ratio ratio NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 93 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 93 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 93 15 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 93 16 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 93 17 participation participation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 93 18 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 93 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 4 Industrialization industrialization NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 5 creates create VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 7 demographic demographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 8 transition transition NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 11 birth birth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 12 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 13 decline decline VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 16 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 17 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 20 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 21 increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 94 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 1 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 3 fewer few JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 4 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 6 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 7 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 9 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 10 employment employment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 11 tend tend VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 13 join join VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 15 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 16 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 18 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 19 percentages percentage NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 95 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 96 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-4485 96 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 96 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 96 4 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 96 5 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 96 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 96 7 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 96 8 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 96 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 96 10 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 96 11 spend spend VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 96 12 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 96 13 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 96 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 96 15 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 96 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 2 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 5 percentage percentage NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 7 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 10 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 11 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 14 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 15 contributed contribute VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 17 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 18 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 21 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 23 entrance entrance NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 26 baby baby NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 27 boomers boomer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 28 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 30 workforce workforce NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 97 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 4 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 6 Spending spending NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 7 wave wave VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 8 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 9 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 10 affecting affect VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 11 growth[edit growth[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 13 Human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 14 capital[edit capital[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 16 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 17 theoretical theoretical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 19 empirical empirical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 20 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 22 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 23 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 24 attribute attribute VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 26 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 27 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 30 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 31 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 32 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 34 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 35 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 37 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 40 skills skill NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 43 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 44 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 46 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 47 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 98 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 99 1 Human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 99 2 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 99 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 99 4 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 99 5 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 99 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 99 7 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 99 8 neoclassical neoclassical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 99 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 99 10 endogenous endogenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 99 11 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 99 12 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 99 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 2 50][51][52 50][51][52 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 5 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 7 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 9 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 10 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 12 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 14 measure measure VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 15 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 18 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 20 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 22 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 23 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 28 job job NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 100 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 1 Economists economist NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 2 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 3 attempted attempt VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 5 measure measure VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 6 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 7 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 8 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 9 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 10 proxies proxy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 12 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 14 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 16 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 18 literacy literacy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 20 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 21 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 23 numeracy numeracy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 25 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 26 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 28 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 29 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 30 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 31 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 33 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 34 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 35 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 37 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 38 schooling schooling NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 40 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 41 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 42 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 43 score score NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 44 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 45 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 46 tests test NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 49 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 50 cumulative cumulative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 51 depreciated depreciate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 52 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 53 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 54 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 55 schooling schooling NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 101 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 2 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 3 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 5 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 6 measure measure NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 8 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 9 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 12 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 14 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 15 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 18 school school NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 19 attainment attainment JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 22 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 24 building build VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 25 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 27 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 28 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 30 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 31 Barro Barro NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 33 Jong Jong NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 35 Wha Wha NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 36 Lee Lee NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 102 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 2 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 5 measure measure NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 7 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 8 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 9 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 10 Barro Barro NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 12 Lee Lee NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 13 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 14 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 16 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 17 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 19 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 21 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 22 intervals interval NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 25 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 26 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 28 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 103 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 2 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 3 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 5 schooling school VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 6 attainment attainment JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 7 measure measure NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 11 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 13 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 14 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 15 acquired acquire VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 18 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 20 schooling schooling NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 24 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 26 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 27 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 29 schooling schooling NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 32 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 34 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 36 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 37 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 104 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 2 measure measure NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 4 presumes presume VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 6 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 7 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 9 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 10 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 12 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 13 schooling schooling NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 15 contrary contrary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 18 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 19 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 20 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 21 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 23 neighborhoods neighborhood NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 25 peers peer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 28 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 29 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 30 contribute contribute VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 33 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 35 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 36 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 105 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 1 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 3 potential potential JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 4 limitations limitation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 6 Theodore Theodore NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 7 Breton Breton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 9 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 11 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 12 measure measure NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 13 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 14 represent represent VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 15 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 16 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 18 log log NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 20 linear linear NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 21 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 22 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 23 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 24 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 25 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 26 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 27 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 28 adult adult NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 29 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 31 log log NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 33 linear linear NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 34 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 36 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 37 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 39 schooling schooling NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 41 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 42 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 43 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 44 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 46 log log NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 47 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 48 linear linear NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 49 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 50 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 51 workers worker NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 52 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 53 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 54 incomes income NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 56 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 58 schooling schooling NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 59 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 61 Mincer Mincer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 62 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 106 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 2 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 4 Eric Eric NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 5 Hanushek Hanushek NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 7 Dennis Dennis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 8 Kimko Kimko NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 9 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 10 measures measure NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 12 students student NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 13 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 14 mathematics mathematic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 16 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 17 skills skill NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 19 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 20 assessments assessment NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 21 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 22 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 23 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 107 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 108 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 108 2 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 108 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 108 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 108 5 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 108 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 108 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 108 8 measure measure NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 108 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 108 10 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 108 11 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 108 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 108 13 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 108 14 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 108 15 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 108 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 108 17 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 108 18 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 108 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 109 1 Eric Eric NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 109 2 Hanushek Hanushek NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 109 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 109 4 Ludger Ludger NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 109 5 Wößmann Wößmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 109 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 109 7 extended extend VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 109 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 109 9 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 109 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 2 56][57 56][57 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 4 Theodore Theodore NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 5 Breton Breton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 6 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 9 correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 10 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 11 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 12 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 14 students student NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 15 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 16 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 17 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 18 scores score NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 20 Hanushek Hanushek NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 22 Wößmann Wößmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 23 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 24 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 26 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 27 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 30 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 32 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 34 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 35 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 36 eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 37 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 39 schooling schooling NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 110 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 111 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 111 2 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 111 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 111 4 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 111 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 111 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 111 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 111 8 correlated correlate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 111 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 111 10 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 111 11 scores score NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 111 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 111 13 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4485 111 14 educated educated JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 111 15 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 111 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 2 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 4 Hanushek Hanushek NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 6 Wößmann Wößmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 7 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 8 investigate investigate VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 9 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 11 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 13 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 14 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 16 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 17 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 19 causal causal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 112 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 2 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 5 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 7 students student NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 8 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 9 cognitive cognitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 10 skills skill NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 11 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 12 explain explain VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 14 slow slow JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 15 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 17 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 18 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 21 rapid rapid JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 22 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 24 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 25 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 113 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 2 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 4 Joerg Joerg NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 5 Baten Baten NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 7 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 8 Luiten Luiten NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 9 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 10 Zanden Zanden NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 11 employ employ NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 12 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 13 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 14 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 15 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 18 proxy proxy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 20 sophisticated sophisticated JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 21 literacy literacy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 22 capabilities capability NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 24 find find VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 25 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 27 Countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 29 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 30 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 32 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 33 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 34 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 37 18th 18th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 38 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 39 initiated initiate VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 40 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 41 participated participate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 44 industrialization industrialization NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 45 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 48 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 49 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 51 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 52 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 53 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 54 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 55 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 57 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 58 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 59 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 60 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 61 unable unable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 62 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 63 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 64 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 66 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 67 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 68 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 69 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 70 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 71 ’s ’s POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 72 Less Less NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 73 Developed Developed NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 74 Countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 75 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 76 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 77 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 78 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 79 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 81 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 82 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 114 83 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 3 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 5 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 6 institutions[edit institutions[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 8 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 11 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 12 Divergence divergence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 13 § § -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 15 Property property NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 16 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 18 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 19 Divergence Divergence NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 20 § § -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 21   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 22 Efficiency efficiency NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 24 markets market NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 26 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 27 intervention intervention NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 30 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 31 Divergence Divergence NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 32 § § -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 33   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 34 State state NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 35 prohibition prohibition NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 37 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 38 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 39 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 40 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 41 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 42 influence influence VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 43 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 45 incentives incentive NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 47 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 48 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 50 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 51 forge forge VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 53 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 54 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 55 failure failure NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 57 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 59 ”[60 ”[60 '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 60 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 61 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 62 economics economic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 63 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 64 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 65 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 67 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 68 transition transition NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 69 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 70 capitalism capitalism NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 71 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 72 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 73 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 74 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 75 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 76 enabled enable VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 77 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 78 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 79 adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 80 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 81 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 82 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 83 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 84 facilitated facilitate VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 85 commerce commerce NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 86 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 87 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 88 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 89 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 90 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 91 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 92 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 93 freedom freedom NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 115 94 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 2 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 3 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 4 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 5 favorable favorable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 8 establishment establishment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 10 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 12 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 13 contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 14 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 16 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 17 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 20 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 22 private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 23 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 27 abolishment abolishment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 29 anti anti JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 30 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 31 usury usury JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 32 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 116 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 2 61][62 61][62 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 4 Much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 7 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 9 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 12 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 13 story story NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 16 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 17 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 18 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 20 Glorious Glorious NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 21 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 23 1688 1688 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 27 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 28 fiscal fiscal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 29 capacity capacity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 30 combined combine VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 31 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 32 constraints constraint NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 33 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 35 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 38 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 39 generated generate VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 40 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 41 respect respect NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 42 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 44 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 46 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 117 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 2 63][64][65][60 63][64][65][60 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 6 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 8 questioned question VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 11 institutional institutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 12 formula formula NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 15 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 16 easily easily RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 17 replicable replicable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 18 elsewhere elsewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 21 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 24 Constitution Constitution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 25 — — : en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 28 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 30 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 31 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 32 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 33 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 34 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 35 — — : en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 36 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 37 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 38 necessarily necessarily RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 39 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 41 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 43 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 44 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 45 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 47 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 48 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 50 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 51 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 52 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 53 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 54 aligned align VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 55 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 57 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 58 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 60 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 62 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 63 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 118 64 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 2 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 5 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 8 dramatic dramatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 9 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 12 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 14 fiscal fiscal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 15 capacity capacity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 16 followed follow VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 18 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 20 constraints constraint NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 23 crown crown NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 25 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 26 elsewhere elsewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 28 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 29 increases increase VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 31 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 32 capacity capacity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 33 happened happen VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 34 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 35 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 36 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 38 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 39 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 119 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 2 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 6 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 7 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 8 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 9 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 11 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 12 achieved achieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 13 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 15 fiscal fiscal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 17 capacity capacity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 19 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 20 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 21 capacity capacity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 22 accelerated accelerate VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 24 hindered hinder VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 25 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 26 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 27 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 120 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 1 Thanks thank NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 4 underlying underlying JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 5 homogeneity homogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 8 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 10 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 12 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 14 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 16 achieve achieve VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 18 unified unified JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 19 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 21 fiscal fiscal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 22 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 23 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 25 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 26 Ages Ages NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 27 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 28 enabled enable VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 29 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 31 substantially substantially RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 32 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 34 taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 35 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 36 raised raise VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 37 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 38 1689 1689 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 121 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 2 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 4 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 7 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 10 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 11 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 13 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 14 building building NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 15 faced face VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 16 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 17 stronger strong JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 18 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 20 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 21 feudal feudal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 22 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 23 keeping keep VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 24 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 25 legally legally RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 27 fiscally fiscally RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 28 fragmented fragment VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 29 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 31 French French NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 32 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 33 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 34 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 35 increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 37 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 38 capacity capacity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 39 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 41 seventeenth seventeenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 42 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 122 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 2 68][69 68][69 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 4 Furthermore furthermore RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 6 Prussia Prussia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 9 Habsburg Habsburg NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 10 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 11 — — : en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 12 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 13 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 14 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 15 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 16 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 17 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 18 — — : en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 20 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 22 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 23 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 24 capacity capacity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 25 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 27 eighteenth eighteenth JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 28 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 29 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 30 constraining constrain VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 32 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 35 executive executive NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 123 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 2 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 4 Nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 8 unlikely unlikely JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 11 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 12 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 13 generate generate VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 14 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 16 respect respect VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 17 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 18 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 21 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 23 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 24 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 25 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 26 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 27 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 28 intermediate intermediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 29 fiscal fiscal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 31 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 32 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 33 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 34 create create VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 35 incentives incentive NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 36 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 37 elites elite NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 38 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 39 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 40 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 124 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 4 intermediate intermediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 5 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 6 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 7 relied rely VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 9 informal informal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 10 private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 12 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 13 arrangements arrangement NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 15 combined combine VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 17 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 19 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 20 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 21 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 23 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 26 lay lay VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 28 foundations foundation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 30 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 31 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 33 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 34 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 125 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 126 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 126 2 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 126 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 126 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 126 5 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 126 6 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 126 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 126 8 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 126 9 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 126 10 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 126 11 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 126 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 126 13 housing housing NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 126 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 126 15 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 126 16 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 126 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 126 18 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 126 19 or or CC 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NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 127 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 127 19 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 127 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 127 21 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 127 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 127 23 hold hold VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 127 24 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 127 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 127 26 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 127 27 properties property NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 127 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 128 1 Much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 128 2 unregistered unregistered JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 128 3 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 128 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 128 5 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 128 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 128 7 informal informal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 128 8 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 128 9 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 128 10 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 128 11 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 128 12 associations association NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 128 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 128 14 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 128 15 arrangements arrangement NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 128 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 129 1 Reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 129 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 129 3 extra extra JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 129 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 129 5 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 129 6 ownership ownership NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 129 7 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 129 8 excessive excessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 129 9 bureaucratic bureaucratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 129 10 red red JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 129 11 tape tape NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 129 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 129 13 buying buy VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 129 14 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 129 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 129 16 building building NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 129 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 3 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 6 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 7 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 8 over over RP en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 9 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 10 steps step NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 12 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 14 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 15 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 17 build build VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 19 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 20 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 130 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 2 causes cause NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 4 extra extra JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 6 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 7 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 9 failures failure NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 11 notarize notarize VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 12 transaction transaction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 13 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 15 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 16 documents document NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 17 notarized notarize VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 18 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 19 failing fail VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 21 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 22 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 23 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 26 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 27 agency agency NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 131 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 2 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 4 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 5 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 6 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 7 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 8 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 10 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 11 limits limit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 13 potential potential NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 16 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 18 collateral collateral NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 20 secure secure VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 21 loans loan NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 23 depriving deprive VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 24 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 25 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 26 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 28 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 30 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 31 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 32 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 33 potential potential JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 34 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 36 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 132 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 133 1 Unregistered unregistered JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 133 2 businesses business NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 133 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 133 4 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 133 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 133 6 accepted accept VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 133 7 accounting accounting NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 133 8 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 133 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 133 10 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 133 11 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 133 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 133 13 limit limit VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 133 14 potential potential JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 133 15 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 133 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 2 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 4 Businesses business NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 6 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 7 participating participate VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 9 unreported unreported JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 10 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 11 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 13 owners owner NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 15 unregistered unregistered JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 16 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 17 face face NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 18 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 19 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 21 bribes bribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 23 pay pay NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 25 offs off NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 26 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 27 offset offset VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 28 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 30 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 31 taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 32 avoided avoid VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 134 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 135 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 135 2 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 135 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 135 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 135 5 Democracy democracy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 135 6 Does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 135 7 Cause cause VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 135 8 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 135 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 135 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 135 11 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 135 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 135 13 Acemoglu Acemoglu NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 135 14 et et FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 135 15 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 135 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 1 Specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 4 democracy democracy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 5 increases increase VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 6 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 7 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 9 encouraging encourage VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 10 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 12 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 13 schooling schooling NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 15 inducing induce VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 16 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 17 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 19 improving improve VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 20 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 21 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 22 provision provision NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 25 reducing reduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 26 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 27 unrest unrest NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 136 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 3 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 5 UNESCO UNESCO NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 8 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 9 Nations Nations NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 11 consider consider VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 12 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 13 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 14 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 15 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 17 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 19 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 20 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 22 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 23 diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 25 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 26 cohesion cohesion NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 28 armed armed JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 29 conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 30 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 31 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 32 necessary necessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 33 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 34 qualitative qualitative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 35 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 137 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 2 72 72 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 6 Daron Daron NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 7 Acemoglu Acemoglu NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 9 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 10 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 12 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 13 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 16 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 17 correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 18 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 19 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 20 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 22 cold cold JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 23 climate climate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 28 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 30 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 138 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 139 1 Europeans european NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 139 2 adopted adopt VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 139 3 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 139 4 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 139 5 colonization colonization NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 139 6 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 139 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 139 8 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 139 9 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 139 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 139 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 139 12 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 139 13 associated associated JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 139 14 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 139 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 2 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 3 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 4 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 5 colonizers colonizer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 6 faced face VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 7 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 8 mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 9 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 11 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 13 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 16 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 18 tropical tropical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 19 diseases disease NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 22 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 23 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 24 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 25 settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 26 permanently permanently RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 29 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 30 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 31 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 32 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 33 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 35 establish establish VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 36 extractive extractive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 37 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 39 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 40 persisted persist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 41 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 42 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 43 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 45 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 46 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 47 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 48 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 49 settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 50 permanently permanently RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 51 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 140 52 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 1 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 3 temperate temperate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 4 climates climate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 7 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 8 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 9 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 11 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 12 objective objective NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 14 mind mind NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 16 modeled model VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 17 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 18 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 19 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 22 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 23 homelands homeland NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 141 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 142 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 142 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 142 3 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 142 4 neo neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 142 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 142 6 Europes Europes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 142 7 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 142 8 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 142 9 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 142 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 142 11 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 142 12 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 142 13 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 142 14 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 142 15 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 142 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 3 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 4 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 5 economists economist NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 6 focus focus VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 9 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 11 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 13 legal legal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 14 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 17 colonizers colonizer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 19 explain explain VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 20 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 22 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 23 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 24 look look VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 27 environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 28 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 31 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 33 explain explain VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 34 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 143 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 2 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 4 former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 5 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 7 inherited inherit VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 8 corrupt corrupt JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 9 governments government NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 11 geopolitical geopolitical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 12 boundaries boundary NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 14 set set VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 17 colonizers colonizer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 22 properly properly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 23 placed place VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 24 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 26 geographical geographical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 27 locations location NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 29 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 30 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 31 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 33 creating create VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 34 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 35 disputes dispute NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 37 conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 38 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 39 hinder hinder VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 40 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 144 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 2 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 3 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 5 societies society NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 6 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 7 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 9 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 10 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 11 solid solid JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 12 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 13 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 14 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 15 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 16 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 17 rights right NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 19 incentives incentive NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 21 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 23 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 24 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 25 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 26 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 27 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 28 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 29 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 30 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 31 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 145 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 2 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 4 Entrepreneurs entrepreneur NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 6 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 7 products[edit products[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 9 Policymakers policymaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 11 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 12 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 13 emphasize emphasize VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 15 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 17 entrepreneurship entrepreneurship NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 19 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 20 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 146 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 147 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 147 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 147 3 surprisingly surprisingly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 147 4 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 147 5 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 147 6 empirically empirically RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 147 7 examine examine VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 147 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 147 9 quantify quantify VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 147 10 entrepreneurship entrepreneurship NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 147 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 147 12 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 147 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 147 14 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 147 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 148 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 148 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 148 3 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 148 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 148 5 endogeneity endogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 148 6 — — : en-wikipedia-org-4485 148 7 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 148 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 148 9 drive drive VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 148 10 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 148 11 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 148 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 148 13 drive drive VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 148 14 entrepreneurship entrepreneurship NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 148 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 3 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 6 empirical empirical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 7 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 10 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 12 entrepreneurship entrepreneurship NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 14 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 16 difficult difficult JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 17 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 20 joint joint JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 21 determination determination NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 23 entrepreneurship entrepreneurship NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 25 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 26 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 149 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 2 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 3 papers paper NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 4 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 5 quasi quasi JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 6 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 7 experimental experimental JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 8 designs design NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 12 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 14 entrepreneurship entrepreneurship NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 17 density density NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 19 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 20 businesses business NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 21 indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 22 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 24 causal causal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 25 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 27 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 28 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 150 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 2 74][75 74][75 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 4 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 5 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 6 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 8 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 9 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 12 introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 14 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 15 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 17 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 20 improvement improvement NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 22 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 23 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 151 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 1 New new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 2 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 3 create create VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 4 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 6 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 8 necessary necessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 10 offset offset VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 12 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 14 employment employment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 16 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 17 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 18 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 20 saving save VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 21 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 26 lesser less JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 27 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 28 employment employment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 29 declines decline NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 30 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 32 savings saving NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 34 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 36 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 152 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 2 43][76 43][76 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 6 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 8 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 9 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 10 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 11 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 13 consumer consumer NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 14 spending spending NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 17 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 19 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 20 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 21 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 23 exist exist VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 25 1869 1869 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 153 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 154 1 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 154 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 154 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 154 4 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 154 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 154 6 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 154 7 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 154 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 154 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 154 10 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4485 154 11 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 154 12 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 154 13 invention invention NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 154 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 154 15 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 154 16 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 154 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 2 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 4 Structural Structural NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 5 change[edit change[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 10 Rostow Rostow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 12 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 14 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 15 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 16 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 19 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 22 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 23 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 24 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 25 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 26 phases phase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 27 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 28 affected affect VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 29 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 30 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 31 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 34 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 35 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 36 participation participation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 37 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 40 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 41 sizes size NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 43 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 44 sectors sector NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 155 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 2 transition transition NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 5 agricultural agricultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 6 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 8 manufacturing manufacturing NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 9 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 11 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 14 sector sector NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 16 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 17 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 18 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 19 hour hour NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 22 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 24 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 25 manufacturing manufacturing NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 26 sector sector NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 29 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 30 reducing reduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 32 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 35 sector sector NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 36 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 37 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 38 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 39 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 40 hour hour NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 43 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 44 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 45 agricultural agricultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 46 sector sector NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 156 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 1 Eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 2 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 3 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 4 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 6 manufacturing manufacturing NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 7 reduced reduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 9 sector sector NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 10 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 13 prices price NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 14 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 16 employment employment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 17 shrank shrink VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 18 relative relative NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 20 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 21 sectors sector NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 157 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 2 78][79 78][79 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 5 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 7 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 8 sectors sector NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 10 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 11 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 12 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 13 hour hour NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 15 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 16 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 18 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 20 saw see VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 21 increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 24 shares share NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 27 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 29 employment employment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 30 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 32 1990s 1990s CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 158 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 159 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 159 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 159 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 159 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 159 5 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 159 6 sector sector NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 159 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 159 8 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 159 9 contracted contract VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 159 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 159 11 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 159 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 159 13 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 159 14 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 159 15 expanded expand VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 159 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 159 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 159 18 2000s 2000s CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 159 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 160 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 160 2 structural structural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 160 3 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 160 4 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 160 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 160 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 160 7 viewed view VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 160 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 160 9 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 160 10 angle angle NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 160 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 3 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 5 divide divide VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 6 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 7 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 8 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 9 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 10 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 11 components component NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 14 indicator indicator NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 16 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 17 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 18 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 19 — — : en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 21 ‘ ' `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 22 quantitative quantitative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 23 ’ ' '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 24 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 25 — — : en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 27 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 28 indicator indicator NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 31 improvement improvement NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 34 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 36 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 38 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 39 — — : en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 41 ‘ ' `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 42 qualitative qualitative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 43 ’ ' '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 44 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 161 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 2 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 4 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 5 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 6 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 7 edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 10 Malthusian malthusian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 11 theory[edit theory[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 13 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 14 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 16 Malthusian malthusian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 17 trap trap NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 19 Malthusian malthusian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 20 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 21 proposes propose VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 23 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 24 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 26 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 27 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 28 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 29 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 30 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 31 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 32 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 33 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 34 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 35 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 36 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 37 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 38 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 39 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 40 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 41 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 44 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 45 run run NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 162 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 4 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 6 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 7 technologically technologically RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 8 advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 9 economies economy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 10 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 11 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 12 epoch epoch NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 14 characterized characterize VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 16 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 17 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 18 density density NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 21 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 23 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 24 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 25 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 27 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 28 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 29 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 30 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 31 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 32 technologically technologically RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 33 regressed regress VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 34 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 163 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 2 conceptual conceptual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 3 foundations foundation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 6 Malthusian malthusian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 7 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 9 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 11 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 12 Malthus,[81 Malthus,[81 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 16 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 17 representation representation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 19 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 20 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 22 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 24 Ashraf Ashraf NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 26 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 164 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 2 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 5 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 8 predictions prediction NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 11 Malthusian malthusian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 12 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 15 cross cross JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 17 country country JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 18 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 19 finds find VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 21 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 22 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 23 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 26 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 27 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 28 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 29 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 30 density density NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 32 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 33 insignificant insignificant JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 34 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 35 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 36 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 37 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 38 capita capita FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 39 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 40 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 42 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 43 1–1500 1–1500 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 165 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 2 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 4 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 6 theory[edit theory[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 8 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 9 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 11 Ricardian ricardian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 13 economics economic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 16 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 18 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 21 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 23 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 24 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 25 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 28 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 30 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 32 variable variable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 33 proportions proportion NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 35 whereby whereby WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 36 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 37 either either DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 40 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 42 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 44 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 45 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 46 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 49 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 50 holding hold VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 52 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 53 constant constant NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 55 assuming assume VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 56 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 57 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 58 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 60 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 61 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 62 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 64 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 65 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 66 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 67 diminishing diminishing JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 68 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 69 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 70 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 71 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 72 approach approach VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 73 zero zero CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 166 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 167 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 167 2 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 167 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 167 4 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 167 5 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 167 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 167 7 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 167 8 Malthus Malthus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 167 9 ’s ’s POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 167 10 theorizing theorize VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 167 11 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 167 12 agriculture agriculture NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 167 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 1 Malthus Malthus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 3 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 4 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 6 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 8 seeds seed NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 9 harvested harvest VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 10 relative relative RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 13 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 15 seeds seed NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 16 planted plant VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 18 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 22 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 24 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 27 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 30 harvest harvest NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 33 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 35 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 36 versus versus IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 38 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 40 workers worker NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 41 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 168 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 169 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 169 2 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 169 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 169 4 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 169 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 169 6 Diminishing diminish VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 169 7 returns return NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 169 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 1 Criticisms criticism NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 3 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 4 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 5 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 8 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 11 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 12 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 14 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 15 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 18 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 19 constant constant JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 22 economies economy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 24 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 26 ignored ignore VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 170 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 2 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 4 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 5 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 6 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 9 1940s 1940 NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 12 big big JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 13 push push NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 14 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 17 suggested suggest VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 19 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 20 needed need VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 22 jump jump VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 24 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 25 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 27 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 29 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 30 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 32 virtuous virtuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 33 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 36 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 37 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 38 investments investment NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 40 infrastructure infrastructure NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 42 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 43 coupled couple VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 44 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 45 private private JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 46 investments investment NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 47 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 48 move move VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 50 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 51 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 52 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 53 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 54 productive productive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 55 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 57 breaking break VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 58 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 59 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 60 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 61 paradigms paradigm NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 62 appropriate appropriate JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 63 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 64 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 65 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 66 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 67 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 171 68 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 2 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 5 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 7 revived revive VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 9 formulated formulate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 10 rigorously rigorously RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 14 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 15 1980s 1980 NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 17 Kevin Kevin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 18 Murphy Murphy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 20 Andrei Andrei NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 21 Shleifer Shleifer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 23 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 24 Vishny Vishny NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 172 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 2 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 4 Solow Solow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 5 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 6 Swan Swan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 7 model[edit model[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 9 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 10 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 12 Solow solow JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 13 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 14 Swan Swan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 15 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 16 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 17 Solow Solow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 19 Trevor Trevor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 20 Swan Swan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 21 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 22 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 23 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 24 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 26 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 27 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 28 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 30 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 31 economics economic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 34 1950s 1950s CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 173 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 174 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 174 2 87][88 87][88 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 174 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 174 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 174 5 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 174 6 assumes assume VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 174 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 174 8 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-4485 174 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 174 10 diminishing diminish VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 174 11 returns return NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 174 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 174 13 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 174 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 174 15 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 174 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 175 1 Capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 175 2 accumulates accumulate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 175 3 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 175 4 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 175 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 175 6 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 175 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 175 8 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 175 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 175 10 stock stock NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 175 11 continually continually RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 175 12 decreases decrease VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 175 13 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 175 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 175 15 depreciation depreciation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 175 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 1 Due due IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 4 diminishing diminish VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 5 returns return NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 7 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 10 increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 12 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 13 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 14 worker worker NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 16 absent absent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 17 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 18 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 20 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 21 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 22 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 23 worker worker NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 24 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 25 reaches reach VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 27 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 28 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 29 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 30 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 31 worker worker NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 33 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 34 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 35 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 36 worker worker NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 37 remain remain VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 38 constant constant JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 39 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 40 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 41 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 43 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 44 equals equal VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 45 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 46 depreciation depreciation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 176 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 177 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 177 2 condition condition NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 177 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 177 4 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 177 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 177 6 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 177 7 steady steady JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 177 8 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 177 9 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 177 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 3 Solow Solow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 5 Swan Swan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 6 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 7 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 8 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 9 increases increase VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 10 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 11 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 12 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 14 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 15 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 16 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 17 worker worker NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 18 increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 19 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 20 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 22 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 26 steady steady JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 27 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 178 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 1 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 2 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 3 increases increase VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 4 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 6 constant constant JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 7 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 9 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 10 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 11 worker worker NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 13 increases increase VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 16 related related JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 17 steady steady JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 19 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 20 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 179 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 3 consequence consequence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 8 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 9 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 10 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 11 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 13 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 15 share share NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 17 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 18 invested invest VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 20 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 21 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 22 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 180 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 2 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 3 whatever whatever WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 4 share share NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 6 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 7 invested invest VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 9 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 10 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 11 worker worker NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 12 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 13 converges converge VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 16 steady steady JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 17 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 19 leaving leave VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 21 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 22 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 24 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 25 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 26 worker worker NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 27 determined determine VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 28 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 31 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 33 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 34 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 181 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 3 consequence consequence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 6 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 7 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 8 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 10 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 12 progressing progress VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 13 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 15 constant constant JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 16 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 18 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 19 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 20 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 22 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 23 steady steady JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 24 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 25 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 27 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 182 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 1 Each each DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 2 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 5 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 6 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 8 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 9 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 10 worker worker NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 11 determined determine VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 14 share share NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 16 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 18 invests invest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 21 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 22 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 23 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 25 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 26 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 28 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 29 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 183 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 1 Implicitly implicitly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 4 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 5 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 6 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 8 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 9 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 10 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 11 invested invest VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 13 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 14 share share NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 16 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 19 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 20 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 184 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 185 1 Poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 185 2 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 185 3 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 185 4 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 185 5 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 185 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 185 7 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 185 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 185 9 share share NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 185 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 185 11 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 185 12 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 185 13 invest invest VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 185 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 2 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 3 prediction prediction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 6 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 8 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 9 borne bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 10 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 13 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 16 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 18 conditional conditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 19 convergence convergence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 22 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 24 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 25 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 26 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 27 grow grow VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 28 faster fast RBR en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 30 catch catch VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 31 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 33 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 34 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 35 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 36 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 38 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 39 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 40 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 41 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 44 saving save VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 46 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 48 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 49 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 51 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 52 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 186 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 2 Solow Solow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 3 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 4 Swan Swan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 5 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 7 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 10 exogenous exogenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 12 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 13 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 14 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 16 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 18 explain explain VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 19 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 20 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 21 invest invest VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 22 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 23 shares share NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 25 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 27 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 28 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 29 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 30 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 31 improves improve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 32 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 33 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 187 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 188 1 Instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 188 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 188 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 188 4 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 188 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 188 6 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 188 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 188 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 188 9 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 188 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 188 11 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 188 12 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 188 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 188 14 exogenous exogenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 188 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 2 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 5 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 8 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 9 predicts predict VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 11 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 13 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 14 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 15 once once IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 16 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 17 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 18 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 20 specified specify VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 189 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 190 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 190 2 failure failure NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 190 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 190 4 explain explain VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 190 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 190 6 determinants determinant NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 190 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 190 8 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 190 9 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 190 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 190 11 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 190 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 190 13 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 190 14 limitations limitation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 190 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 3 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 5 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 8 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 10 exogenous exogenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 12 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 13 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 14 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 16 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 17 implicitly implicitly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 18 predicts predict VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 19 convergence convergence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 22 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 24 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 25 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 26 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 191 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 3 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 4 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 7 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 8 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 9 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 10 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 12 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 13 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 14 flows flow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 17 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 20 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 21 return return NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 23 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 192 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 3 Solow Solow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 5 Swan Swan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 6 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 7 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 9 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 10 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 11 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 12 worker worker NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 14 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 15 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 17 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 19 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 20 return return NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 22 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 23 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 26 diminishing diminish VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 27 returns return NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 29 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 193 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 3 consequence consequence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 5 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 6 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 7 worker worker NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 9 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 10 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 11 worker worker NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 14 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 15 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 16 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 17 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 18 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 19 converge converge VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 22 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 23 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 25 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 26 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 194 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 2 89 89 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 4 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 5 historically historically RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 6 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 7 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 10 flowed flow VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 13 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 15 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 16 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 17 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 18 worker worker NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 21 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 22 Solow Solow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 23 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 24 Swan Swan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 25 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 26 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 28 conceptual conceptual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 29 flaw flaw NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 195 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 1 Beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 4 1990s 1990 NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 7 flaw flaw NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 10 addressed address VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 12 adding add VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 14 variables variable NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 17 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 19 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 20 explain explain VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 21 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 22 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 23 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 24 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 25 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 26 productive productive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 27 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 28 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 31 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 33 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 34 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 35 attract attract VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 36 flows flow NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 38 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 39 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 40 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 41 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 42 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 43 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 44 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 45 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 47 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 49 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 50 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 51 worker worker NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 196 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 197 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 197 2 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 197 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 197 4 convergence convergence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 197 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 197 6 rarely rarely RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 197 7 achieved achieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 197 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 198 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 198 2 1957 1957 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 198 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 198 4 Solow Solow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 198 5 applied apply VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 198 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 198 7 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 198 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 198 9 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 198 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 198 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 198 12 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 198 13 gross gross JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 198 14 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 198 15 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 198 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 198 17 estimate estimate VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 198 18 contributions contribution NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 198 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 2 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 5 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 7 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 9 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 10 stock stock NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 11 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 12 accounted account VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 14 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 15 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 18 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 20 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 22 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 23 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 24 adjustments adjustment NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 26 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 27 explained explain VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 28 eighth eighth JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 199 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 200 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 200 2 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 200 3 unaccounted unaccounted JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 200 4 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 200 5 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 200 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 200 7 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 200 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 200 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 200 10 Solow Solow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 200 11 Residual Residual NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 200 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 201 1 Here here RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 201 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 201 3 A a NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 201 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 201 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 201 6 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 201 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 201 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 201 9 technical technical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 201 10 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 201 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 201 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 201 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 201 14 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 201 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 201 16 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 201 17 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 201 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 202 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 202 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 202 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 202 4 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 202 5 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 202 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 202 7 flaws flaw NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 202 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 203 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 203 2 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 203 3 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 203 4 room room NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 203 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 203 6 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 203 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 203 8 influence influence VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 203 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 203 10 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 203 11 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 203 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 1 Few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 2 attempts attempt NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 5 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 8 RAND RAND NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 9 Corporation Corporation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 11 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 12 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 13 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 14 think think VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 15 tank tank NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 17 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 18 visiting visit VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 19 economist economist NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 20 Kenneth Kenneth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 21 Arrow Arrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 23 work work VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 24 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 26 kinks kinks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 29 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 204 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 205 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 205 2 suggested suggest VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 205 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 205 4 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 205 5 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 205 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 205 7 indivisible indivisible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 205 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 205 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 205 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 205 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 205 12 endogenous endogenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 205 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 205 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 205 15 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 205 16 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 205 17 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 205 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 1 Arrow Arrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 3 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 4 explained explain VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 6 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 7 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 8 obtained obtain VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 10 firms firm NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 11 comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 13 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 15 built build VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 17 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 20 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 22 accumulated accumulate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 23 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 24 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 206 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 2 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 6 Harrod Harrod NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 9 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 10 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 11 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 14 maximum maximum JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 15 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 17 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 18 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 21 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 23 variables variable NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 24 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 25 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 26 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 28 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 29 improvement improvement NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 31 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 33 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 34 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 207 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 2 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 5 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 6 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 7 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 10 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 11 attainable attainable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 12 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 13 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 15 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 16 bring bring VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 17 about about RP en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 19 fullest full JJS en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 20 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 21 employment employment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 24 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 25 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 28 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 208 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 1 Endogenous endogenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 2 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 3 theory[edit theory[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 5 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 8 Endogenous endogenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 9 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 10 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 11 Unsatisfied unsatisfie VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 14 assumption assumption NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 16 exogenous exogenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 17 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 18 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 21 Solow Solow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 22 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 23 Swan Swan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 24 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 26 economists economist NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 27 worked work VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 30 endogenize endogenize VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 33 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 35 explain explain VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 36 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 37 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 38 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 39 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 40 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 42 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 44 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 45 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 48 1980s 1980 NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 49 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 51 resulting result VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 52 endogenous endogenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 53 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 54 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 56 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 57 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 58 advanced advance VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 59 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 60 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 61 Lucas Lucas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 62 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 63 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 65 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 66 student student NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 67 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 68 Romer Romer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 70 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 71 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 72 mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 73 explanation explanation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 74 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 75 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 76 advancement advancement NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 209 77 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 2 17][91 17][91 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 5 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 7 incorporated incorporate VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 9 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 10 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 12 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 13 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 16 skills skill NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 18 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 20 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 21 workers worker NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 22 productive productive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 210 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 211 1 Unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 211 2 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 211 3 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 211 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 211 5 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 211 6 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 211 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 211 8 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 211 9 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 211 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 211 11 return return NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 211 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 212 1 Research research NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 212 2 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 212 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 212 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 212 5 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 212 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 212 7 focused focus VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 212 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 212 9 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-4485 212 10 increases increase VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 212 11 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 212 12 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 212 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 212 14 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 213 1 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 213 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 213 3 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 213 4 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 213 5 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 213 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 213 7 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 214 1 innovation innovation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 214 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 214 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 2 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 4 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 5 Memorial Memorial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 6 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 7 weekend weekend NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 9 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 12 conference conference NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 14 Buffalo Buffalo NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 15 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 16 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 18 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 19 minds mind NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 21 economics economic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 23 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 26 evaluate evaluate VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 28 conflicting conflict VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 29 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 31 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 215 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 1 Romer Romer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 3 Krugman Krugman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 5 Barro Barro NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 7 Becker Becker NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 10 attendance attendance NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 11 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 14 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 15 rising rise VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 16 stars star NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 18 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 19 profiled profiled JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 20 economists economist NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 23 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 216 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 1 Amongst amongst IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 2 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 3 papers paper NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 4 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 5 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 7 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 9 stood stand VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 10 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 12 Romer Romer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 14 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 15 Micro Micro NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 16 Foundations Foundations NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 18 Aggregate aggregate JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 19 Technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 20 Change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 22 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 24 Micro Micro NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 25 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 26 claimed claim VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 27 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 28 endogenous endogenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 29 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 30 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 31 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 33 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 35 Intellectual Intellectual NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 36 Property Property NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 37 imbedded imbed VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 39 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 40 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 41 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 42 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 43 input input NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 45 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 47 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 217 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 1 Romer Romer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 2 argued argue VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 4 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 7 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 8 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 9 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 11 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 12 affected affect VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 14 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 15 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 17 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 18 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 21 intellectual intellectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 22 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 218 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 2 stressed stress VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 4 cumulative cumulative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 5 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 7 specialization specialization NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 9 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 13 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 14 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 15 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 16 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 17 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 18 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 19 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 21 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 23 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 24 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 25 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 26 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 27 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 29 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 30 trained train VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 32 harvesting harvest VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 33 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 34 ideas idea NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 219 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 2 93 93 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 4 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 5 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 7 endogenous endogenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 8 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 9 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 11 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 14 foundations foundation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 17 Schumpeterian schumpeterian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 18 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 20 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 21 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 23 20th 20th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 25 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 26 Austrian austrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 27 economist economist NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 28 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 29 Schumpeter Schumpeter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 220 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 2 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 5 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 6 explains explain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 7 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 10 consequence consequence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 12 innovation innovation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 15 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 17 creative creative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 18 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 20 captures capture VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 22 dual dual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 23 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 25 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 26 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 27 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 29 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 31 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 33 entrepreneurs entrepreneur NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 34 introduce introduce VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 35 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 36 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 37 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 38 processes process NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 41 hope hope NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 42 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 43 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 44 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 45 enjoy enjoy VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 46 temporary temporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 47 monopoly monopoly NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 48 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 49 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 50 profits profit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 51 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 52 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 53 capture capture VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 54 markets market NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 221 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 222 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 222 2 doing do VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 222 3 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 222 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 222 5 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 222 6 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 222 7 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 222 8 technologies technology NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 222 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 222 10 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 222 11 obsolete obsolete JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 222 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 4 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 7 annulment annulment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 9 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 10 technologies technology NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 13 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 14 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 15 obsolete obsolete JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 19 destroys destroy VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 21 rents rent NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 22 generated generate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 24 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 25 innovations innovation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 223 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 2 95]:855[96 95]:855[96 NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 5 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 6 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 8 illustrates illustrate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 9 Schumpeterian schumpeterian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 10 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 13 Aghion Aghion NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 14 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 15 Howitt Howitt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 16 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 18 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 19 ru ru NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 224 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 2 97][95 97][95 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 4 Unified unify VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 6 theory[edit theory[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 8 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 9 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 11 Unified unify VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 12 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 13 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 14 Unified unify VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 15 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 16 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 18 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 20 Oded Oded NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 21 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 23 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 24 co co NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 25 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 26 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 28 address address VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 30 inability inability NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 32 endogenous endogenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 33 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 34 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 36 explain explain VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 37 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 38 empirical empirical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 39 regularities regularity NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 42 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 43 processes process NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 45 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 46 economies economy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 49 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 50 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 51 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 52 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 53 whole whole NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 225 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 2 98][99 98][99 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 4 Unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 5 endogenous endogenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 6 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 7 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 9 focuses focus VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 10 entirely entirely RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 13 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 14 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 15 regime regime NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 18 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 19 unable unable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 21 explain explain VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 23 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 25 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 26 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 27 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 29 unified unified JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 30 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 31 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 32 captures capture NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 35 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 36 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 38 fundamental fundamental JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 39 phases phase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 42 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 44 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 47 course course NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 49 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 50 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 51 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 52 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 53 i i NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 54 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 56 Malthusian malthusian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 57 epoch epoch NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 58 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 59 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 60 prevalent prevalent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 61 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 62 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 63 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 64 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 65 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 67 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 68 ii ii LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 69 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 70 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 71 escape escape NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 72 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 73 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 74 Malthusian malthusian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 75 trap trap NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 76 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 77 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 78 iii iii NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 79 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 80 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 81 emergence emergence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 82 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 83 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 84 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 85 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 86 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 87 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 88 element element NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 89 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 90 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 91 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 92 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 93 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 94 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 95 iv iv LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 96 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 97 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 98 onset onset NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 99 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 100 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 101 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 102 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 103 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 104 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 105 v v LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 106 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 107 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 108 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 109 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 110 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 111 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 112 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 113 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 114 sustained sustained JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 115 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 116 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 117 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 118 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 119 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 120 vi vi NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 121 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 122 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 123 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 124 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 125 divergence divergence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 126 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 127 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 128 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 129 capita capita FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 130 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 131 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 132 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 133 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 134 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 135 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 136 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 226 137 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 2 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 3 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 5 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 6 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 8 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 9 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 11 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 12 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 14 offset offset VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 16 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 17 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 20 living living NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 21 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 23 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 24 subsistence subsistence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 25 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 26 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 28 space space NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 227 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 4 reinforcing reinforce VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 5 interaction interaction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 8 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 10 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 11 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 14 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 16 composition composition NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 19 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 20 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 21 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 22 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 24 pace pace NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 26 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 27 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 29 enhancing enhance VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 31 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 33 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 36 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 38 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 39 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 40 adapt adapt VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 41 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 43 changing change VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 44 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 45 environment environment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 228 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 2 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 5 allocation allocation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 7 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 8 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 9 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 10 triggered trigger VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 12 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 13 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 14 enabling enable VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 15 economies economy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 17 allocate allocate VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 19 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 20 share share NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 23 fruits fruit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 25 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 26 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 29 steady steady JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 30 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 32 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 33 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 34 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 36 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 37 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 38 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 40 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 42 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 44 paving pave VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 46 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 47 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 49 emergence emergence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 51 sustained sustained JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 52 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 53 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 229 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 2 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 3 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 4 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 6 variations variation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 8 biogeographical biogeographical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 9 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 11 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 12 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 14 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 16 institutional institutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 17 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 19 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 20 generated generate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 22 differential differential JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 23 pace pace NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 25 transition transition NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 26 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 27 stagnation stagnation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 29 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 30 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 31 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 33 consequently consequently RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 34 divergence divergence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 36 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 37 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 38 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 39 capita capita FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 40 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 42 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 43 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 44 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 230 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 2 98][99 98][99 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 4 Inequality Inequality NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 6 growth[edit growth[edit SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 8 Theories[edit theories[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 10 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 11 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 13 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 14 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 16 Effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 18 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 19 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 20 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 21 prevailing prevail VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 22 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 23 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 25 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 27 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 30 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 31 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 32 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 33 radically radically RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 34 shifted shift VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 37 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 38 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 231 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 2 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 5 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 6 perspective perspective NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 9 expressed express VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 11 Adam Adam NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 12 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 15 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 17 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 19 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 20 fosters foster VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 22 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 23 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 232 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 2 101][102 101][102 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 4 Specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 6 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 8 aggregate aggregate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 9 saving save VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 10 increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 12 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 13 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 15 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 16 property property NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 18 save save VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 19 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 21 wealthy wealthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 24 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 25 viewpoint viewpoint NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 26 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 27 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 28 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 29 stimulates stimulate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 30 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 31 accumulation accumulation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 33 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 34 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 35 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 233 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 2 103 103 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 5 Neoclassical neoclassical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 6 perspective perspective NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 9 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 11 representative representative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 12 agent agent NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 13 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 14 denies deny VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 16 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 18 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 21 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 22 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 234 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 2 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 4 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 6 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 7 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 9 affect affect VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 10 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 12 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 13 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 14 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 15 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 16 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 19 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 20 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 235 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 2 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 3 perspective perspective NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 4 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 6 emerged emerge VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 9 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 10 1980s 1980s CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 11 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 14 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 16 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 17 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 18 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 19 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 21 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 22 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 25 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 26 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 236 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 2 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 3 perspective perspective NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 5 originated originate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 7 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 9 Zeira,[104][105 Zeira,[104][105 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 11 highlights highlight VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 13 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 14 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 16 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 19 determination determination NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 21 aggregate aggregate JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 22 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 23 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 26 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 27 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 237 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 2 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 4 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 6 Zeira Zeira NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 7 argue argue VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 9 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 10 credit credit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 11 markets market NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 13 imperfect imperfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 15 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 16 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 18 enduring enduring JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 19 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 21 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 22 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 23 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 26 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 28 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 29 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 30 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 34 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 35 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 238 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 2 106 106 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 5 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 8 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 9 paradigm paradigm NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 11 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 12 underlined underline VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 14 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 15 implications implication NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 17 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 19 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 20 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 22 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 23 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 25 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 27 Zeira Zeira NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 28 argue argue VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 29 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 30 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 31 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 32 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 33 adverse adverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 34 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 35 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 36 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 37 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 38 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 41 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 42 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 45 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 46 but but IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 48 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 49 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 50 economies economy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 239 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 240 1 Later later RBR en-wikipedia-org-4485 240 2 theoretical theoretical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 240 3 developments development NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 240 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 240 5 reinforced reinforce VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 240 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 240 7 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 240 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 240 9 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 240 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 240 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 240 12 adverse adverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 240 13 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 240 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 240 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 240 16 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 240 17 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 240 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 1 Specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 3 Alesina Alesina NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 5 Rodrik Rodrik NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 7 Persson Persson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 9 Tabellini Tabellini NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 10 advance advance VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 12 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 13 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 14 mechanism mechanism NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 16 argue argue VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 18 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 19 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 21 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 22 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 24 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 25 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 26 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 27 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 28 creates create VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 30 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 32 distortionary distortionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 33 redistributive redistributive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 34 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 35 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 36 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 37 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 38 adverse adverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 39 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 40 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 41 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 43 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 44 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 241 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 2 107][108 107][108 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 5 accordance accordance NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 8 credit credit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 9 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 10 imperfection imperfection NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 11 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 14 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 16 Roberto Roberto NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 17 Perotti Perotti NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 18 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 19 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 20 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 22 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 24 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 25 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 27 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 28 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 29 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 31 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 33 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 35 apprenticeship apprenticeship NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 38 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 39 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 41 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 43 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 44 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 45 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 47 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 48 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 49 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 50 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 51 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 52 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 53 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 55 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 56 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 58 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 59 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 242 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 243 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 243 2 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 243 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 243 4 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 243 5 examination examination NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 243 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 243 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 243 8 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 243 9 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 243 10 channel channel NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 243 11 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 243 12 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 243 13 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 243 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 243 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 243 16 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 243 17 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 243 18 mechanism mechanism NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 243 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 2 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 4 Consequently consequently RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 7 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 8 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 9 perspective perspective NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 12 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 13 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 14 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 16 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 17 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 18 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 19 revised revise VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 21 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 22 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 23 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 24 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 25 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 26 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 27 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 28 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 29 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 30 incentive incentive NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 33 elite elite NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 35 block block VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 36 redistributive redistributive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 37 policies policy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 39 institutional institutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 40 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 244 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 2 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 4 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 7 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 9 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 10 ownership ownership NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 11 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 13 landed landed JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 14 elite elite NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 16 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 17 incentive incentive NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 19 limit limit VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 21 mobility mobility NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 23 rural rural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 24 workers worker NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 26 depriving deprive VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 27 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 29 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 32 blocking block VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 34 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 37 industrial industrial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 38 sector sector NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 245 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 2 110 110 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 5 unified unified JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 6 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 8 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 10 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 12 captures capture VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 14 changing change VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 15 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 17 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 20 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 21 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 22 offers offer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 24 reconciliation reconciliation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 25 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 27 conflicting conflict VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 28 predictions prediction NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 30 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 31 viewpoint viewpoint NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 32 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 33 maintained maintain VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 34 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 35 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 36 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 37 beneficial beneficial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 38 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 39 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 42 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 43 viewpoint viewpoint NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 44 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 45 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 46 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 49 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 51 credit credit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 52 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 53 imperfections imperfection NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 55 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 56 predominantly predominantly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 57 results result VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 58 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 59 underinvestment underinvestment JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 60 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 61 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 62 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 63 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 64 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 65 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 66 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 246 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 2 unified unified JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 3 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 5 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 7 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 9 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 11 Oded Oded NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 12 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 14 Omer Omer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 15 Moav,[111 Moav,[111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 17 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 20 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 22 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 25 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 26 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 27 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 28 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 29 reversed reverse VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 31 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 32 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 33 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 34 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 35 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 36 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 39 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 40 engine engine NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 42 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 43 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 247 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 3 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 4 phases phase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 6 industrialization industrialization NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 8 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 9 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 10 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 11 accumulation accumulation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 14 dominating dominating JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 15 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 17 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 18 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 20 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 21 boosted boost VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 23 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 24 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 26 directing direct VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 27 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 28 toward toward IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 29 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 30 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 31 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 32 propensity propensity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 34 save save VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 248 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 4 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 5 phases phase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 8 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 9 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 10 become become VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 12 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 13 engine engine NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 15 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 16 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 18 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 19 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 20 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 22 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 26 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 28 credit credit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 29 constraints constraint NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 31 stimulated stimulate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 32 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 34 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 35 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 37 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 38 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 249 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 2 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 4 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 5 economist economist NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 6 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 7 Piketty Piketty NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 8 postulated postulate VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 11 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 12 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 14 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 15 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 16 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 18 return return NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 20 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 22 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 24 r r NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 26 exceeds exceed VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 28 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 29 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 30 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 32 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 33 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 35 g g NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 39 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 41 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 42 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 43 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 250 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 2 112 112 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 6 Piketty Piketty NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 11 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 12 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 13 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 16 already already RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 17 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 19 inherited inherit VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 23 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 25 grow grow VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 26 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 28 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 29 r r NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 31 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 32 grow grow VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 33 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 35 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 36 faster fast RBR en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 37 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 38 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 39 accumulated accumulate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 40 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 41 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 43 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 44 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 45 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 46 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 47 tied tie VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 48 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 49 g. g. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 50 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 51 advocate advocate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 53 reducing reduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 54 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 55 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 57 Piketty Piketty NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 58 suggests suggest VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 59 levying levy VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 60 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 61 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 62 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 63 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 64 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 65 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 66 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 67 reduce reduce VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 69 divergence divergence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 70 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 71 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 72 caused cause VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 73 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 74 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 251 75 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 1 Evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 3 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 4 form[edit form[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 7 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 8 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 9 empirical empirical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 10 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 11 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 12 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 14 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 16 studied study VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 18 Alberto Alberto NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 19 Alesina Alesina NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 21 Dani Dani NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 22 Rodrik Rodrik NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 25 Torsten Torsten NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 26 Persson Persson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 28 Guido Guido NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 29 Tabellini Tabellini NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 252 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 2 107][108 107][108 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 5 find find VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 7 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 9 negatively negatively RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 10 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 12 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 13 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 16 cross cross JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 17 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 18 country country JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 19 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 253 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 254 1 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 254 2 Barro Barro NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 254 3 reexamined reexamine VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 254 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 254 5 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 254 6 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 254 7 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 254 8 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 254 9 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 254 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 254 11 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 254 12 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 254 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 254 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 254 15 panel panel NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 254 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 254 17 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 254 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 2 113 113 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 4 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 5 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 7 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 10 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 11 overall overall JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 12 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 13 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 14 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 15 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 17 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 19 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 21 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 255 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 3 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 4 empirical empirical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 5 strategy strategy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 6 limits limit VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 8 applicability applicability NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 11 understanding understanding NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 14 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 15 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 16 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 18 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 20 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 21 reasons reason NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 256 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 1 First first RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 3 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 4 regression regression NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 5 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 6 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 8 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 10 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 12 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 16 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 17 excludes exclude VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 20 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 23 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 24 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 26 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 27 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 28 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 29 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 30 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 32 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 35 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 257 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 2 findings finding NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 3 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 4 imply imply VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 6 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 8 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 9 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 10 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 12 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 13 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 15 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 16 indirect indirect JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 17 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 18 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 20 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 21 channels channel NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 22 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 25 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 258 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 1 Second second RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 3 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 4 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 5 analyzes analyze VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 7 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 9 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 12 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 13 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 14 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 17 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 18 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 19 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 259 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 3 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 4 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 5 suggest suggest VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 8 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 10 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 11 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 13 observed observe VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 14 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 15 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 20 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 22 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 23 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 24 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 27 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 260 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 1 Third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 4 empirical empirical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 5 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 6 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 8 account account VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 10 biases bias NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 13 generated generate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 15 reverse reverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 16 causality causality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 18 omitted omitted JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 19 variables variable NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 261 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 262 1 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 262 2 papers paper NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 262 3 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 262 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 262 5 superior superior JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 262 6 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 262 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 262 8 find find VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 262 9 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 262 10 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 262 11 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 262 12 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 262 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 262 14 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 262 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 1 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 2 Berg Berg NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 4 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 5 Ostry Ostry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 8 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 9 Monetary Monetary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 10 Fund Fund NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 12 find find VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 15 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 16 net net JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 17 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 19 robustly robustly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 20 correlated correlate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 22 faster fast JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 24 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 25 durable durable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 26 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 28 controlling control VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 31 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 33 redistribution redistribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 34 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 263 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 264 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 264 2 114 114 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 264 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 264 4 Likewise likewise RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 264 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 264 6 Dierk Dierk NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 264 7 Herzer Herzer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 264 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 264 9 Sebastian Sebastian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 264 10 Vollmer Vollmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 264 11 find find VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 264 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 264 13 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 264 14 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 264 15 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 264 16 reduces reduce VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 264 17 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 264 18 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 264 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 2 115 115 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 4 Evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 6 mechanisms[edit mechanisms[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 9 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 11 Zeira Zeira NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 13 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 14 predicts predict VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 17 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 19 rising rise VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 20 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 22 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 23 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 24 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 26 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 28 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 29 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 30 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 31 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 32 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 34 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 35 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 265 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 266 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 266 2 104][105 104][105 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 266 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 266 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 266 5 testable testable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 266 6 predictions prediction NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 266 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 266 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 266 9 examined examine VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 266 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 266 11 confirmed confirm VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 266 12 empirically empirically RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 266 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 266 14 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 266 15 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 266 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 2 116][117 116][117 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 5 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 7 Brückner Brückner NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 9 Lederman Lederman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 10 test test VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 12 prediction prediction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 15 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 16 by by RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 19 panel panel NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 21 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 22 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 24 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 25 1970–2010 1970–2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 28 considering consider VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 30 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 33 interaction interaction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 34 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 36 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 38 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 39 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 42 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 43 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 45 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 46 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 47 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 267 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 2 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 3 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 5 predictions prediction NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 8 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 10 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 11 find find VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 13 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 15 25th 25th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 16 percentile percentile NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 18 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 19 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 22 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 23 sample sample NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 26 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 27 percentage percentage NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 28 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 29 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 32 Gini Gini NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 33 coefficient coefficient NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 34 increases increase VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 35 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 36 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 37 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 38 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 39 2.3 2.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 40 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 42 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 43 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 45 75th 75th JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 46 percentile percentile NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 48 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 49 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 50 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 51 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 52 percentage percentage NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 53 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 54 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 57 Gini Gini NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 58 coefficient coefficient NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 59 decreases decrease VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 60 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 61 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 62 capita capita FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 63 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 64 -5.3 -5.3 HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 65 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 268 66 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 1 Moreover moreover RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 4 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 5 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 6 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 7 mechanism mechanism NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 9 mediates mediate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 11 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 13 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 15 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 18 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 20 Zeira Zeira NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 21 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 23 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 24 confirmed confirm VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 269 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 1 Increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 3 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 4 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 5 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 6 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 7 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 9 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 10 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 12 reduce reduce VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 15 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 17 middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 19 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 20 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 270 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 271 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 271 2 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 271 3 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 271 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 271 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 271 6 predictions prediction NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 271 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 271 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 271 9 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 271 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 271 11 Zeira Zeira NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 271 12 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 271 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 271 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 271 15 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 271 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 271 17 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 271 18 findings finding NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 271 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 1 Roberto Roberto NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 2 Perotti Perotti NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 3 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 6 accordance accordance NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 9 credit credit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 10 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 11 imperfection imperfection NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 12 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 14 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 16 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 18 Zeira Zeira NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 20 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 22 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 24 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 25 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 27 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 28 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 29 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 31 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 33 experience experience NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 35 apprenticeship apprenticeship NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 38 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 39 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 41 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 43 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 44 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 45 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 47 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 48 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 49 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 50 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 51 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 52 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 53 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 55 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 56 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 272 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 2 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 4 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 5 economist economist NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 6 Roland Roland NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 7 Benabou Benabou NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 9 finds find NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 12 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 13 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 15 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 18 Philippines Philippines NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 21 broadly broadly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 22 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 25 credit credit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 27 constrained constrain VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 28 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 30 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 31 accumulation accumulation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 32 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 273 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 2 118 118 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 5 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 7 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 8 Berg Berg NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 10 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 11 Ostry[114 Ostry[114 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 13 suggest suggest VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 15 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 16 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 18 affect affect VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 19 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 20 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 21 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 22 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 23 accumulation accumulation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 25 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 26 channels channel NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 274 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 275 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 275 2 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 275 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 275 4 Perotti Perotti NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 275 5 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 275 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 275 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 275 8 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 275 9 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 275 10 mechanism mechanism NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 275 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 275 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 275 13 supported support VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 275 14 empirically empirically RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 275 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 1 Inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 3 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 5 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 6 redistribution redistribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 9 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 10 redistribution redistribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 12 under under NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 14 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 16 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 18 infrastructure infrastructure NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 21 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 23 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 24 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 25 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 276 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 2 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 4 Importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 6 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 8 run run VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 9 growth[edit growth[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 11 Over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 12 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 13 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 15 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 17 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 18 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 19 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 21 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 23 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 26 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 27 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 28 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 29 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 31 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 32 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 33 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 277 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 5 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 6 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 7 experienced experience VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 9 1.97 1.97 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 10 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 11 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 12 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 13 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 16 inflation inflation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 18 adjusted adjust VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 19 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 20 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 21 1830 1830 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 23 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 278 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 279 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 279 2 119 119 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 279 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 279 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 279 5 1830 1830 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 279 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 279 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 279 8 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 279 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 279 10 41,373 41,373 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 279 11 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 279 12 pounds pound NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 279 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 280 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 280 2 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 280 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 280 4 1,330,088 1,330,088 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 280 5 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 280 6 pounds pound NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 280 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 280 8 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 280 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 2 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 3 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 4 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 5 averaged average VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 6 1.97 1.97 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 7 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 8 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 9 178 178 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 10 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 11 resulted result VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 14 32-fold 32-fold JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 15 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 17 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 19 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 281 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 2 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 3 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 6 relatively relatively RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 7 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 8 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 9 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 10 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 12 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 13 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 15 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 17 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 20 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 22 exponential exponential JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 23 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 282 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 2 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 4 72 72 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 7 mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 8 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 10 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 12 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 13 something something NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 14 grows grow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 17 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 19 x% x% NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 20 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 21 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 23 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 24 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 25 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 26 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 27 double double VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 28 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 29 72 72 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 30 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 31 x x NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 32 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 283 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 6 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 8 2.5 2.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 9 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 10 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 11 annum annum FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 12 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 15 doubling doubling NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 18 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 19 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 20 28.8 28.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 21 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 23 whilst whilst IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 25 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 26 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 28 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 29 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 30 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 31 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 32 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 34 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 35 doubling doubling NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 37 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 38 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 39 nine nine CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 40 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 284 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 4 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 5 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 7 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 8 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 9 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 10 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 11 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 12 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 13 result result VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 15 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 16 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 17 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 19 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 22 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 23 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 25 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 26 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 27 continues continue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 29 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 30 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 285 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 1 Quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 3 life[edit life[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 5 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 6 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 8 relates relate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 9 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 10 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 12 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 14 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 18 Threshold Threshold NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 19 Hypothesis Hypothesis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 23 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 24 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 25 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 26 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 27 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 30 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 31 brings bring VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 33 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 34 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 35 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 37 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 39 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 286 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 2 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 3 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 4 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 5 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 6 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 8 threshold threshold NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 9 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 11 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 12 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 13 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 14 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 15 bring bring VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 17 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 19 deterioration deterioration NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 21 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 23 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 287 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 2 120 120 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 5 results result VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 8 upside upside NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 10 down down IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 12 U u NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 14 shaped shape VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 15 curve curve NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 17 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 19 vertex vertex NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 22 curve curve NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 23 represents represent VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 25 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 27 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 28 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 29 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 30 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 31 targeted target VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 288 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 1 Happiness happiness NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 3 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 4 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 6 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 8 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 9 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 10 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 12 at at RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 13 least least RBS en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 14 up up RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 17 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 19 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 20 15,000 15,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 21 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 22 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 289 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 2 121 121 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 4 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 8 indirect indirect JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 9 potential potential NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 11 alleviate alleviate VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 12 poverty poverty NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 16 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 19 simultaneous simultaneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 20 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 22 employment employment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 23 opportunities opportunity NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 25 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 26 labor labor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 27 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 290 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 2 122 122 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 5 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 7 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 8 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 10 Overseas Overseas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 11 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 12 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 14 ODI ODI NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 17 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 18 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 19 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 20 experienced experience VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 21 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 22 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 25 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 26 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 28 poverty poverty NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 29 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 30 alleviated alleviate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 291 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 2 122 122 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 5 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 6 instances instance NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 8 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 10 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 11 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 12 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 14 healthcare healthcare NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 15 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 17 educational educational JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 18 attainment attainment NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 20 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 21 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 23 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 25 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 26 liberties liberty NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 28 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 29 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 30 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 32 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 33 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 34 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 292 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 2 123][dubious 123][dubious CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 3 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 4 discuss discuss NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 6 Productivity Productivity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 7 increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 8 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 10 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 11 lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 13 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 14 wages wage NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 17 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 19 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 22 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 23 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 25 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 27 gap gap NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 28 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 29 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 31 wages wage NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 32 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 33 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 34 rising rise VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 35 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 37 1980s 1980s CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 293 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 2 122 122 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 4 Equitable Equitable NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 5 growth[edit growth[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 7 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 8 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 10 Inclusive inclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 11 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 12 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 13 acknowledging acknowledge VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 15 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 16 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 17 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 18 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 19 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 20 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 21 play play VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 23 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 24 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 26 poverty poverty NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 27 reduction reduction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 30 achievement achievement NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 33 Millennium Millennium NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 34 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 35 Goals Goals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 37 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 38 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 39 becoming become VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 40 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 41 understood understand VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 42 amongst amongst IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 44 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 45 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 46 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 47 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 48 efforts effort NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 49 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 50 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 51 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 52 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 53 ensure ensure VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 54 poorer poor JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 55 sections section NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 56 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 57 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 58 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 59 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 60 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 61 participate participate VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 62 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 63 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 64 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 294 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 2 124][125][126 124][125][126 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 5 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 7 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 8 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 10 poverty poverty NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 11 reduction reduction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 12 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 14 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 15 elasticity elasticity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 17 poverty poverty NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 18 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 19 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 20 depend depend VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 23 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 24 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 26 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 295 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 2 127][128 127][128 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 5 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 8 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 9 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 11 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 14 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 15 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 17 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 18 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 19 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 20 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 22 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 23 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 25 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 26 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 27 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 29 poverty poverty NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 31 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 32 halve halve VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 33 poverty poverty NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 35 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 36 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 38 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 40 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 41 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 42 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 43 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 44 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 45 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 46 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 47 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 48 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 49 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 50 achieve achieve VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 52 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 53 reduction reduction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 296 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 2 129][130 129][130 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 6 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 9 Secretary Secretary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 10 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 13 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 14 Nations Nations NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 15 Ban Ban NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 16 Ki Ki NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 18 Moon Moon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 21 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 22 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 23 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 25 necessary necessary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 27 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 29 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 30 sufficient sufficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 32 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 33 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 34 reducing reduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 35 poverty poverty NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 297 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 3 124 124 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 5 Environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 6 impact[edit impact[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 8 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 12 Limits Limits NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 14 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 16 Overconsumption Overconsumption NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 17 Critics Critics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 21 Club Club NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 23 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 24 argue argue VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 25 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 27 narrow narrow JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 28 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 30 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 31 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 33 combined combine VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 34 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 35 globalization globalization NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 37 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 38 creating create VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 40 scenario scenario NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 41 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 42 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 43 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 44 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 45 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 46 systemic systemic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 47 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 49 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 50 planet planet NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 51 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 52 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 53 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 298 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 2 131][132 131][132 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 5 marginal marginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 6 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 9 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 10 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 11 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 12 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 13 exceed exceed VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 15 marginal marginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 16 benefits benefit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 18 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 19 measured measure VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 299 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 1 Concerns concern NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 2 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 3 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 4 environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 5 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 7 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 8 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 9 prompted prompt VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 10 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 11 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 13 advocate advocate VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 14 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 15 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 17 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 21 abandoning abandoning NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 23 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 24 altogether altogether RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 300 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 2 academia academia NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 4 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 5 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 6 uneconomic uneconomic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 7 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 9 steady steady JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 11 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 12 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 14 degrowth degrowth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 15 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 16 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 17 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 19 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 21 achieve achieve VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 22 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 25 overcome overcome VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 26 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 27 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 28 imperatives imperative NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 301 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 2 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 4 green green JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 5 parties party NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 6 embrace embrace VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 8 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 9 Greens Greens NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 10 Charter Charter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 12 recognising recognise VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 15 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 17 dogma dogma NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 19 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 20 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 22 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 23 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 26 excessive excessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 28 wasteful wasteful JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 29 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 31 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 32 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 33 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 34 considering consider VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 35 Earth Earth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 36 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 37 carrying carrying NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 38 capacity capacity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 40 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 41 causing cause VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 42 extreme extreme JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 43 deterioration deterioration NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 46 environment environment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 49 massive massive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 50 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 52 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 302 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 3 133]:2 133]:2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 6 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 7 Assessment Assessment NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 8 Report Report NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 10 Biodiversity Biodiversity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 12 Ecosystem Ecosystem NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 13 Services Services NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 14 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 17 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 18 Nations Nations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 19 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 20 Intergovernmental Intergovernmental NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 21 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 23 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 24 Platform Platform NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 25 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 26 Biodiversity Biodiversity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 28 Ecosystem Ecosystem NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 29 Services Services NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 30 warned warn VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 31 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 32 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 34 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 35 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 37 biodiversity biodiversity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 39 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 40 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 41 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 42 focus focus VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 43 solely solely RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 44 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 45 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 46 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 303 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 2 134][135 134][135 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 4 Anthropologist Anthropologist NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 5 Eduardo Eduardo NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 6 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 7 Brondizio Brondizio NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 9 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 12 co co NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 13 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 14 chairs chair NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 17 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 19 said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 21 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 22 need need VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 24 change change VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 25 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 26 narratives narrative NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 304 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 1 Both both CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 2 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 3 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 4 narratives narrative NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 5 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 6 associate associate VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 7 wasteful wasteful JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 8 consumption consumption NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 10 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 12 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 15 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 19 narratives narrative NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 22 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 23 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 24 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 25 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 26 consider consider VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 27 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 28 environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 29 degradation degradation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 31 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 32 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 33 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 34 inevitable inevitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 35 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 37 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 38 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 305 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 306 1 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 306 2 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 306 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 306 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 306 5 means means NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 306 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 306 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 306 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 306 9 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 306 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 307 1 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 307 2 need need VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 307 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 307 4 look look VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 307 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 307 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 307 7 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 307 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 307 9 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 307 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 307 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 307 12 planet planet NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 307 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 3 136 136 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 5 Those those DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 6 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 7 optimistic optimistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 8 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 10 environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 11 impacts impact NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 13 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 14 believe believe VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 17 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 18 localized localize VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 19 environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 20 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 21 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 22 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 24 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 26 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 27 ecological ecological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 28 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 29 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 30 minor minor JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 308 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 2 argument argument NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 5 stated state VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 7 commentator commentator NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 8 Julian Julian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 9 Lincoln Lincoln NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 10 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 12 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 14 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 15 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 16 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 18 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 19 ecological ecological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 20 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 21 exist exist VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 23 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 24 ingenuity ingenuity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 25 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 26 find find VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 27 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 29 adapt adapt VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 31 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 309 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 2 137 137 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 8 warning warning NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 10 climate climate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 11 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 12 signed sign VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 14 11,000 11,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 15 scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 17 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 18 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 19 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 20 said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 21 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 22 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 25 driving drive VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 26 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 27 behind behind IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 29 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 30 excessive excessive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 31 extraction extraction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 33 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 35 overexploitation overexploitation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 37 ecosystems ecosystem NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 38 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 40 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 41 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 42 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 43 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 44 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 45 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 46 curtailed curtail VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 47 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 48 maintain maintain VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 49 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 50 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 51 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 52 sustainability sustainability NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 55 biosphere biosphere NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 310 57 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 2 add add VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 5 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 6 goals goal NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 7 need need VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 9 shift shift VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 11 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 12 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 15 pursuit pursuit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 17 affluence affluence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 18 toward toward IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 19 sustaining sustain VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 20 ecosystems ecosystem NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 22 improving improve VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 23 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 24 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 26 being being NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 27 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 28 prioritizing prioritize VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 29 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 30 needs need NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 32 reducing reduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 33 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 311 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 3 138][139 138][139 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 5 Global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 6 warming[edit warming[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 8 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 11 Economics economic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 13 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 14 warming warming NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 15 Up up IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 18 present present NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 20 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 23 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 24 correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 25 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 26 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 27 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 30 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 32 carbon carbon NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 33 dioxide dioxide NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 34 emissions emission NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 35 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 36 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 38 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 39 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 40 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 41 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 43 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 44 divergence divergence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 46 carbon carbon NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 47 intensity intensity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 49 carbon carbon NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 50 emissions emission NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 51 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 52 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 312 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 2 140 140 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 4 Up up IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 7 present present NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 9 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 13 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 14 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 15 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 16 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 17 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 18 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 21 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 23 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 24 emissions emission NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 313 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 2 141 141 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 5 Stern Stern NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 6 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 7 notes note VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 10 prediction prediction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 14 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 15 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 17 usual usual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 19 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 20 emissions emission NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 21 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 23 sufficient sufficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 25 propel propel VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 26 greenhouse greenhouse NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 27 gas gas NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 28 concentrations concentration NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 30 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 31 550 550 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 32 ppm ppm NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 33 CO CO NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 34 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 35 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 36 2050 2050 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 38 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 39 650–700 650–700 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 40 ppm ppm NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 41 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 43 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 45 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 46 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 47 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 48 robust robust JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 49 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 50 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 51 wide wide JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 52 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 54 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 56 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 57 assumptions assumption NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 314 59 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 315 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 315 2 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 315 3 consensus consensus NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 315 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 315 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 315 6 planetary planetary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 315 7 ecosystem ecosystem NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 315 8 functioning function VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 315 9 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 315 10 incurring incur VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 315 11 dangerous dangerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 315 12 risks risk NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 315 13 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 315 14 stabilization stabilization NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 315 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 315 16 450–550 450–550 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 315 17 ppm ppm NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 315 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 2 142 142 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 6 consequence consequence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 8 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 10 oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 11 environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 12 economists economist NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 13 propose propose VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 14 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 15 intervention intervention NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 16 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 17 switching switch VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 18 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 20 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 21 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 23 favouring favour VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 24 wind wind NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 26 solar solar JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 28 hydroelectric hydroelectric JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 31 nuclear nuclear JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 316 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 2 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 3 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 4 confine confine VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 5 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 7 fossil fossil JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 8 fuels fuel NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 10 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 11 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 12 cooking cooking NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 13 needs need NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 15 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 18 kerosene kerosene NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 19 burners burner NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 22 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 23 carbon carbon NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 24 capture capture NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 26 storage storage NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 27 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 28 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 29 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 30 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 32 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 34 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 317 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 2 143 143 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 5 Stern Stern NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 6 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 8 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 11 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 12 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 13 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 15 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 17 concluded conclude VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 20 investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 22 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 23 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 25 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 27 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 28 changed change VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 30 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 31 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 33 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 34 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 35 sufficient sufficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 37 avoid avoid VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 39 worst bad JJS en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 40 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 42 climate climate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 43 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 46 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 47 failure failure NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 48 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 49 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 50 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 51 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 52 risk risk VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 53 climate climate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 54 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 55 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 56 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 57 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 58 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 59 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 60 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 62 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 318 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 2 carbon carbon NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 3 capture capture NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 5 storage storage NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 7 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 8 yet yet RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 9 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 10 unproven unproven CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 13 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 14 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 15 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 16 effectiveness effectiveness NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 21 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 22 carbon carbon NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 23 dioxide dioxide NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 24 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 25 leaks leak NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 26 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 28 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 31 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 33 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 34 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 36 alternative alternative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 37 fuels fuel NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 39 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 40 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 41 responses response NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 42 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 43 rest rest VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 44 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 45 faith faith NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 47 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 48 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 319 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 1 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 2 conservative conservative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 3 politician politician NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 5 journalist journalist NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 6 Nigel Nigel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 7 Lawson Lawson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 9 deemed deem VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 10 carbon carbon NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 11 emission emission NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 12 trading trade VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 14 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 15 inefficient inefficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 16 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 18 rationing rationing NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 19 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 320 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 321 1 Instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 321 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 321 3 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 321 4 favours favour VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 321 5 carbon carbon NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 321 6 taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 321 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 321 8 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 321 9 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 321 10 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 321 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 321 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 321 13 efficiency efficiency NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 321 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 321 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 321 16 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 321 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 4 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 6 avoid avoid VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 8 migration migration NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 10 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 12 intensive intensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 13 industries industry NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 16 whole whole JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 17 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 18 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 19 impose impose VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 20 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 22 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 24 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 25 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 26 Britain Britain NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 28 Lawson Lawson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 29 pointed point VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 30 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-4485 322 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 323 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-4485 323 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 323 3 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 323 4 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 323 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 323 6 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 323 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 323 8 lead lead NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 323 9 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 323 10 nobody nobody NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 323 11 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 323 12 suit suit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 323 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 2 144 144 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 4 Resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 5 constraint[edit constraint[edit FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 7 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 10 Energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 11 returned return VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 13 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 14 invested invest VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 16 Substitute Substitute NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 17 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 19 Mining Mining NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 21 Peak Peak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 22 minerals mineral NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 25 Steady steady JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 27 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 28 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 29 § § -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 30   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 31 Present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 32 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 33 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 34 Exceeding exceed VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 35 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 36 limits limit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 38 growth growth VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 39 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 40 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 41 predictions prediction NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 43 resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 44 depletion depletion NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 46 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 47 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 48 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 49 Malthus Malthus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 50 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 51 1798 1798 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 52 predictions prediction NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 53 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 54 approaching approach VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 55 famines famine NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 56 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 57 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 59 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 60 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 61 Bomb,[145][146 Bomb,[145][146 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 62 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 63 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 64 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 65 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 66 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 67 Ehrlich Ehrlich NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 68 wager wager NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 69 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 70 1980)[147 1980)[147 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 71 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 72 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 73 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 74 materialized materialize VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 324 75 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 1 Diminished diminished JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 2 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 4 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 5 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 8 occurred occur VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 9 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 10 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 12 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 13 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 14 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 16 advancements advancement NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 18 technology technology NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 20 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 21 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 22 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 23 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 24 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 25 unavailable unavailable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 26 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 28 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 29 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 325 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 2 147 147 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 5 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 6 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 8 substitution substitution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 10 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 11 abundant abundant JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 12 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 14 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 16 plastics plastic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 18 cast cast NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 19 metals metal NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 21 lowered lower VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 22 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 24 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 26 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 27 metals metal NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 326 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 3 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 6 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 7 resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 9 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 11 famine famine NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 13 relieved relieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 14 firstly firstly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 17 revolution revolution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 19 transportation transportation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 20 caused cause VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 22 railroads railroad NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 24 steam steam NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 25 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 28 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 31 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 32 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 34 chemical chemical NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 35 fertilizers fertilizer NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 37 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 39 Haber Haber NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 40 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 41 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 42 ammonia ammonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 43 synthesis synthesis NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 327 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 2 148][149 148][149 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 4 Resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 5 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 7 composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 10 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 12 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 13 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 14 ore ore NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 15 grades grade NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 17 location location NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 19 altitude altitude NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 20 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 22 below below IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 23 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 24 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 26 proximity proximity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 28 railroads railroad NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 30 highways highway NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 32 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 33 supply supply NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 35 climate climate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 328 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 329 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 329 2 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 329 3 affect affect VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 329 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 329 5 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 329 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 329 7 operating operating NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 329 8 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 329 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 329 10 extracting extract VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 329 11 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 329 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 3 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 5 minerals mineral NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 7 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 8 grades grade NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 10 mineral mineral NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 11 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 13 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 14 extracted extract VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 16 requiring require VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 17 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 18 inputs input NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 20 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 22 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 24 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 25 extraction extraction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 27 processing processing NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 330 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 331 1 Copper copper NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 331 2 ore ore NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 331 3 grades grade NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 331 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 331 5 declined decline VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 331 6 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 331 7 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 331 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 331 9 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 331 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 331 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 2 150][151 150][151 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 4 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 7 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 8 gas gas NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 10 shale shale NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 12 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 13 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 14 permeability permeability NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 15 rock rock NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 17 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 18 extraction extraction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 19 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 20 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 21 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 22 inputs input NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 24 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 26 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 29 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 30 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 31 conventional conventional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 32 gas gas NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 34 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 35 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 332 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 333 1 Offshore offshore JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 333 2 oil oil NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 333 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 333 4 gas gas NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 333 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 333 6 exponentially exponentially RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 333 7 increased increase VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 333 8 cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 333 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 333 10 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 333 11 depth depth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 333 12 increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 333 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 334 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 334 2 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 334 3 scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 334 4 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 334 5 Sanyam Sanyam NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 334 6 Mittal Mittal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 334 7 regard regard VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 334 8 continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 334 9 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 334 10 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 334 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 334 12 unsustainable unsustainable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 334 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 2 152][153 152][153 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 4 Several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 5 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 6 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 7 constrain constrain VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 8 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 9 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 12 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 14 finite finite NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 16 peaked peak VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 19 depleted deplete VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 20 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 335 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 2 1972 1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 5 Limits Limits NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 7 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 8 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 9 modeled model VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 10 limitations limitation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 12 infinite infinite VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 13 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 15 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 16 ridiculed,[145][146][154 ridiculed,[145][146][154 NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 18 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 21 predicted predict VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 22 trends trend NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 23 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 24 materialized materialize VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 26 raising raise VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 27 concerns concern NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 29 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 30 impending impending JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 31 collapse collapse NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 33 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 34 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 36 resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 37 constraints constraint NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 336 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 2 155][156][157 155][156][157 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 4 Malthusians Malthusians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 7 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 8 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 9 Catton Catton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 11 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 13 skeptical skeptical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 15 technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 16 advances advance NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 17 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 18 improve improve VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 19 resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 20 availability availability NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 337 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 338 1 Such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 338 2 advances advance NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 338 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 338 4 increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 338 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 338 6 efficiency efficiency NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 338 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 338 8 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 338 9 suggest suggest VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 338 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 338 11 merely merely RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 338 12 accelerate accelerate VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 338 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 338 14 drawing drawing NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 338 15 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-4485 338 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 338 17 finite finite JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 338 18 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 338 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 339 1 Catton Catton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 339 2 claims claim VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 339 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 339 4 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 339 5 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 339 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 339 7 resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 339 8 extraction extraction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 339 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 339 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 339 11 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 339 12 stealing steal VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 339 13 ravenously ravenously RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 339 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 339 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 339 16 future future NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 339 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 339 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 2 158 158 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 4 Energy[edit energy[edit JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 6 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 7 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 9 Energy Energy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 10 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 12 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 14 Econodynamics Econodynamics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 15 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 16 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 17 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 18 Energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 19 efficiency efficiency NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 21 Productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 22 improving improve VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 23 technologies technology NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 25 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 27 § § ADD en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 28   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 29 Energy Energy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 30 efficiency efficiency NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 31 Energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 32 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 33 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 34 hold hold VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 35 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 36 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 38 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 39 consumption consumption NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 41 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 42 efficiency efficiency NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 43 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 44 linked link VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 45 causally causally RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 46 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 47 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 48 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 340 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 2 Garrett Garrett NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 3 Relation Relation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 4 holds hold VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 6 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 10 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 11 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 12 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 13 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 14 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 16 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 17 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 18 consumption consumption NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 21 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 22 accumulation accumulation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 24 world world NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 25 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 27 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 30 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 31 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 341 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 2 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 4 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 8 represented represent VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 10 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 11 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 13 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 14 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 15 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 17 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 18 consumption consumption NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 19 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 342 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 343 1 Seemingly seemingly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 343 2 paradoxically paradoxically RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 343 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 343 4 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 343 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 343 6 sustained sustain VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 343 7 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 343 8 increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 343 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 343 10 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 343 11 efficiency efficiency NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 343 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 344 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 344 2 159 159 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 344 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 344 4 Increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 344 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 344 6 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 344 7 efficiency efficiency NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 344 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 344 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 344 10 portion portion NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 344 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 344 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 344 13 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 344 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 344 15 Total total JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 344 16 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 344 17 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 344 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 345 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 345 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 345 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 345 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 345 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 345 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 345 7 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-4485 345 8 technologically technologically RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 345 9 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 345 10 innovations innovation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 345 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 345 12 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 345 13 involved involve VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 345 14 increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 345 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 345 16 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 345 17 efficiency efficiency NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 345 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 2 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 4 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 5 improvements improvement NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 7 efficiency efficiency NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 9 conversion conversion NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 11 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 13 work work VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 16 reuse reuse NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 18 heat heat NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 21 reduction reduction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 23 friction friction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 26 transmission transmission NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 28 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 30 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 31 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 32 electrification electrification NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 346 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 347 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 347 2 160][161 160][161 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 347 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 347 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-4485 347 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 347 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 347 7 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 347 8 correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 347 9 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 347 10 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 347 11 capita capita FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 347 12 electricity electricity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 347 13 consumption consumption NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 347 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 347 15 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 347 16 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 347 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 2 162][163 162][163 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 4 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 5 also[edit also[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 7 Degrowth Degrowth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 8 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 9 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 10 Export export NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 12 oriented orient VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 13 industrialization industrialization NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 14 Green green JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 15 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 16 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 17 accounting account VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 19 Limits limit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 21 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 22 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 24 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 26 real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 27 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 28 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 29 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 30 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 31 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 32 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 33 Productivism Productivism NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 34 Prosperity Prosperity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 35 Without without IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 36 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 37 Sufficiency Sufficiency NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 38 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 39 Uneconomic uneconomic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 40 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 41 Unified unify VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 42 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 43 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 44 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 45 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 46 Man Man NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 47 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 48 Burden Burden NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 49 Manifest Manifest NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 50 destiny destiny NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 51 Christian christian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 52 mission mission NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 53 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 54 savior savior NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 55 Progress Progress NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 56 Civilizing civilize VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 57 mission mission NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 58 Development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 59 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 60 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 61 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 62 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 63 Statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 64 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 65 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 66 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 67 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 69 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 70 Gross Gross NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 71 Domestic Domestic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 72 Product Product NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 73 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 74 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 75 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 76 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 77 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 78 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 79 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 81 IMF IMF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 82 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 83 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 84 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 348 85 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 1 - - : en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 3 Gross gross JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 4 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 5 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 8 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 9 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 13 market market NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 14 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 16 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 18 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 19 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 22 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 25 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 26 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 27 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 349 29 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 4 Bjork Bjork NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 5 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 9 251 251 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 10 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 11 Bjork Bjork NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 12 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 14 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 16 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 17 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 18 Bjork Bjork NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 20 Gordon Gordon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 350 21 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 351 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 351 2 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 351 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 351 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 2 Way way NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 3 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 4 Worked work VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 6 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 7 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 8 Wo will MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 9 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 11 Structural Structural NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 12 Change Change NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 15 Slowdown Slowdown NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 17 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 18 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 19 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 352 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 353 1 Westport westport NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 353 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 353 3 CT CT NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 353 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 353 5 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 353 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 353 7 Praeger Praeger NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 353 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 354 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 354 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 355 1 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 355 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 355 3 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 355 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 356 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 356 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 356 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 356 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 356 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 356 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 356 7 275 275 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 356 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 356 9 96532 96532 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 356 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 356 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 356 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 357 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 357 2 Gordon Gordon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 357 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 357 4 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 357 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 358 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 358 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 358 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 358 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 359 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 359 2 Rise Rise NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 359 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 359 4 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 359 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 359 6 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 359 7 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 359 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 360 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 360 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 360 3 NJ NJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 360 4 USA USA NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 360 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 360 6 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 360 7 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 360 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 360 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 361 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 361 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 362 1 38–39 38–39 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 362 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 363 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 363 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 363 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 363 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 363 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 363 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 363 7 691 691 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 363 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 363 9 14772 14772 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 363 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 363 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 363 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 1 Share share NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 3 spending spend VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 5 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 6 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 7 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 9 1869 1869 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 10 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 11 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 13 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 14 Mankiw Mankiw NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 16 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 18 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 364 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 365 1 Principles principle NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 365 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 365 3 Macroeconomics Macroeconomics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 365 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 365 5 6th 6th NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 365 6 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 365 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 365 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 365 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 366 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 366 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 366 3 236 236 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 366 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 367 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 367 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 367 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 367 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 367 5 0538453066 0538453066 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 367 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 368 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 368 2 Barro Barro NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 368 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 368 4 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 368 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 368 6 Sala Sala NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 368 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 368 8 i i NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 368 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 368 10 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 368 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 368 12 Xavier Xavier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 368 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 368 14 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 368 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 368 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 369 1 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 369 2 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 369 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 369 4 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 369 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 369 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 369 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 369 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 370 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 370 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 370 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 370 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 371 1 ASIN ASIN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 371 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 371 3 B003Q7WARA B003Q7WARA NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 371 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 372 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 372 2 Das Das NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 372 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 372 4 Tuhin Tuhin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 372 5 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 372 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 372 7 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 372 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 372 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 2 Das Das NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 4 Tuhin Tuhin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 5 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 7 Cross Cross NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 8 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 9 Sectional sectional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 10 Views Views NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 12 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 13 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 16 Light light NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 18 Innovations innovation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 373 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 374 1 doi:10.2139 doi:10.2139 JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 374 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 374 3 ssrn.3503386 ssrn.3503386 NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 374 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 375 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 375 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 375 3 219383124 219383124 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 375 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 1 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 2 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 4 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 9 Bjork Bjork NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 10 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 12 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 14 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 15 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 17 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 18 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 19 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 20 Bjork Bjork NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 21 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 22 ^ ^ SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 23 Roubini Roubini NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 25 Nouriel Nouriel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 26 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 27 Backus Backus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 29 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 31 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 376 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 377 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 377 2 Productivity Productivity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 377 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 377 4 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 377 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 377 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 378 1 Lectures lecture NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 378 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 378 3 Macroeconomics Macroeconomics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 378 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 379 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 379 2 Wang Wang NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 379 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 379 4 Ping Ping NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 379 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 379 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 379 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 379 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 380 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 380 2 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 380 3 Accounting accounting NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 380 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 380 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 380 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 380 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 380 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 381 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 381 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 381 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 381 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 382 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 382 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 382 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 382 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 382 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 382 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 382 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 382 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 382 9 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 382 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 382 11 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 382 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 382 13 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 382 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 383 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 383 2 Corry Corry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 383 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 383 4 Dan Dan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 383 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 383 6 Valero Valero NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 383 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 383 8 Anna Anna NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 383 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 383 10 Van Van NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 383 11 Reenen Reenen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 383 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 383 13 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 383 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 383 15 Nov Nov NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 383 16 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 383 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 383 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 2 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 4 Performance Performance NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 5 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 6 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 9 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 11 < < XX en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 13 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 14 UK‟s uk‟s CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 15 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 16 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 17 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 18 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 19 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 21 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 23 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 24 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 26 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 28 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 29 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 30 hour hour NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 33 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 34 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 35 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 36 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 39 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 384 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 385 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 385 2 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-4485 385 3 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 385 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 385 5 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 385 6 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 385 7 Kendrick Kendrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 385 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 385 9 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 385 10 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 385 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 385 12 1961 1961 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 385 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 385 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 386 1 Productivity Productivity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 386 2 Trends Trends NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 386 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 386 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 386 5 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 386 6 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 386 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 386 8 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 386 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 386 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 387 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 387 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 387 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 387 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 387 5 NBER NBER NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 387 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 388 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 388 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 388 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 388 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 389 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 389 2 Krugman Krugman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 389 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 389 4 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 389 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 389 6 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 389 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 389 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 390 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 390 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 390 3 Myth Myth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 390 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 390 5 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 390 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 390 7 Miracle miracle NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 390 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 390 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 391 1 Foreign Foreign NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 391 2 Affairs Affairs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 391 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 392 1 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 392 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 392 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 392 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 392 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 392 6 62–78 62–78 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 392 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 393 1 doi:10.2307/20046929 doi:10.2307/20046929 FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 393 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 394 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 394 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 394 3 20046929 20046929 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 394 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 395 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 395 2 Rosenberg Rosenberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 395 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 395 4 Nathan Nathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 395 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 395 6 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 395 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 395 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 396 1 Inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 396 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 396 3 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 396 4 Box Box NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 396 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 396 6 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 396 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 396 8 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 396 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 397 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 397 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 397 3 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 397 4 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 397 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 397 6 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 397 7 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 397 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 397 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 398 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 398 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 398 3 258 258 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 398 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 399 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 399 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 399 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 399 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 399 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 399 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 399 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 399 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 399 9 27367 27367 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 399 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 399 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 399 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 400 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 400 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 400 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 400 4 Lucas Lucas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 400 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 400 6 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 400 7 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 400 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 400 9 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 400 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 400 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 401 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 401 2 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 401 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 401 4 Mechanics mechanic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 401 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 401 6 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 401 7 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 401 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 401 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 402 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 402 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 402 3 Monetary Monetary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 402 4 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 402 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 403 1 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 403 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 403 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 403 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 403 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 403 6 3–42 3–42 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 403 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 404 1 doi:10.1016/0304 doi:10.1016/0304 JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 404 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 404 3 3932(88)90168 3932(88)90168 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 404 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 404 5 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 404 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 405 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 405 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 405 3 154875771 154875771 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 405 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 406 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 406 2 Reisman Reisman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 406 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 406 4 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 406 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 406 6 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 406 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 406 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 407 1 Capitalism capitalism NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 407 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 407 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 407 4 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 407 5 understanding understanding NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 407 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 407 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 407 8 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 407 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 407 10 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 407 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 407 12 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 407 13 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 407 14 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 407 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 408 1 Jameson Jameson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 408 2 Books Books NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 408 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 409 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 409 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 409 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 409 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 409 5 915463 915463 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 409 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 409 7 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 409 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 409 9 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 409 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 410 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 410 2 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 410 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 410 4 Oded Oded NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 410 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 410 6 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 410 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 410 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 411 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 411 2 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 411 3 Stagnation Stagnation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 411 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 411 5 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 411 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 411 7 Unified unified JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 411 8 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 411 9 Theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 411 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 411 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 412 1 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 412 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 412 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 412 4 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 412 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 413 1 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 413 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 414 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 414 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 415 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 415 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 416 1 171–293 171–293 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 416 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 417 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 417 2 Clark Clark NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 417 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 417 4 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 417 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 417 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 417 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 417 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 418 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 418 2 Farewell Farewell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 418 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 418 4 Alms alm NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 418 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 418 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 418 7 Brief brief JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 418 8 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 418 9 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 418 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 418 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 418 12 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 418 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 419 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 419 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 419 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 419 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 7 691 691 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 9 12135 12135 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 11 2Part 2part CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 12 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 15 Malthusian Malthusian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 16 Trap Trap NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 17 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 18 Clark Clark NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 19 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 21 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 420 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 1 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 5 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 6 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 7 ^ ^ , en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 8 Kendrick Kendrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 10 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 11 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 12 1961 1961 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 14 Productivity Productivity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 15 trends trend NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 18 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 19 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 22 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 23 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 24 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 25 ^ ^ VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 27 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 28 Landes Landes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 30 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 421 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 422 1 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 422 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 422 3 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 422 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 422 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 423 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 423 2 Unbound Unbound NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 423 3 Prometheus prometheus NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 423 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 423 5 Technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 423 6 Change Change NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 423 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 423 8 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 423 9 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 423 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 423 11 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 423 12 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 423 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 423 14 1750 1750 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 423 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 423 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 423 17 Present Present NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 423 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 424 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 424 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 424 3 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 424 4 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 424 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 424 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 424 7 Syndicate Syndicate NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 424 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 424 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 424 10 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 424 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 424 12 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 424 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 425 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 425 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 425 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 425 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 425 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 425 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 425 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 425 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 425 9 09418 09418 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 425 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 425 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 425 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 426 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 426 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 426 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 426 4 Hounshell Hounshell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 426 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 426 6 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 426 7 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 2 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 7 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 8 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 10 Mass Mass NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 11 Production Production NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 13 1800–1932 1800–1932 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 16 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 18 Manufacturing Manufacturing NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 19 Technology Technology NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 22 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 23 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 25 Baltimore Baltimore NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 27 Maryland Maryland NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 29 Johns Johns NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 30 Hopkins Hopkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 31 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 32 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 34 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 35   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 36 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 38 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 40 8018 8018 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 41 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 42 2975 2975 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 43 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 44 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 46 LCCN LCCN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 47   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 48 83016269 83016269 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 50 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 51   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 52 1104810110 1104810110 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 53 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 54 Ayres Ayres NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 56 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 57 U. U. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 58 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 59 Warr Warr NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 61 Benjamin Benjamin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 62 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 63 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 64 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 427 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 428 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 428 2 Accounting account VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 428 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 428 4 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 428 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 428 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 428 7 Role Role NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 428 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 428 9 Physical Physical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 428 10 Work work NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 428 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 428 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 428 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 428 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 428 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 429 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 429 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 429 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 429 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 429 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 429 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 429 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 429 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 429 9 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 429 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 429 11 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 429 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 429 13 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 429 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 430 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 430 2 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 430 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 430 4 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 430 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 430 6 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 430 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 431 1 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 431 2 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 431 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 431 4 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 431 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 431 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 431 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 431 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4485 431 9 Grubler Grubler NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 431 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 431 11 Arnulf Arnulf NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 431 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 431 13 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 431 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 431 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 432 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 432 2 Rise Rise NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 432 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 432 4 Fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 432 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 432 6 Infrastructures Infrastructures NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 432 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 432 8 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 432 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 432 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 433 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 433 2 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 433 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 433 4 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 433 5 Rogers Rogers NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 433 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 433 7 1951 1951 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 433 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 433 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 434 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 434 2 Transportation Transportation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 434 3 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 434 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 434 5 1815–1860 1815–1860 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 434 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 435 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 435 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 435 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 435 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 435 5 0873321013 0873321013 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 435 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 436 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 436 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 436 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 436 4 Wells Wells NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 436 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 436 6 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 436 7 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 437 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 437 2 1890 1890 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 437 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 437 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 438 1 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 438 2 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 438 3 Changes Changes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 438 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 438 5 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 438 6 Effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 438 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 438 8 Production production NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 438 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 438 10 Distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 438 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 438 12 Wealth Wealth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 438 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 438 14 Well Well NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 438 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 438 16 Being being NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 438 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 438 18 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 438 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 439 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 439 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 439 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 439 4 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 439 5 Appleton Appleton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 439 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 439 7 Co. Co. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 439 8 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 439 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 439 10 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 439 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 439 12 0543724748 0543724748 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 439 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 440 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 440 2 Atack Atack NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 440 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 440 4 Jeremy Jeremy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 440 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 440 6 Passell Passell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 440 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 440 8 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 440 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 440 10 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 440 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 440 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 441 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 441 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 441 3 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 441 4 View view NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 441 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 441 6 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 441 7 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 441 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 442 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 442 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 442 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 442 4 W.W. W.W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 442 5 Norton Norton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 442 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 442 7 Co. Co. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 442 8 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 442 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 442 10 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 442 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 442 12 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 442 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 442 14 393 393 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 442 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 442 16 96315 96315 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 442 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 442 18 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 442 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 443 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 443 2 Beaudreau Beaudreau NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 443 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 443 4 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 443 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 443 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 443 7 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 443 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 443 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 444 1 Mass Mass NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 444 2 Production Production NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 444 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 444 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 444 5 Stock Stock NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 444 6 Market Market NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 444 7 Crash Crash NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 444 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 444 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 444 10 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 444 11 Depression Depression NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 444 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 445 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 445 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 445 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 445 4 Lincoln Lincoln NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 445 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 445 6 Shanghi Shanghi NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 445 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 445 8 Authors Authors NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 445 9 Choice Choice NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 445 10 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 445 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 446 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 446 2 Moore Moore NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 446 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 446 4 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 446 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 446 6 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 446 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 446 8 Julian Julian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 446 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 446 10 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 446 11 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 446 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 446 13 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 446 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 446 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 3 Greatest Greatest NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 4 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 5 That that WDT en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 6 Ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 7 Was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 9 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 10 Miraculous miraculous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 11 Trends Trends NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 14 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 15 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 16 Years Years NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 19 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 447 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 448 1 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 448 2 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 448 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 448 4 No no UH en-wikipedia-org-4485 448 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 449 1 364 364 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 449 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 450 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 450 2 Cato Cato NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 450 3 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 450 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 451 1 Diffusion diffusion NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 451 2 curves curve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 451 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 451 4 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 451 5 innovations innovation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 451 6 start start VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 451 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 451 8 Fig Fig NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 451 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 452 1 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 452 2 ^ ^ SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 452 3 Field Field NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 452 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 452 5 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 452 6 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 453 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 453 2 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 453 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 453 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 454 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 454 2 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 454 3 Leap Leap NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 454 4 Forward Forward NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 454 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 454 6 1930s 1930s CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 454 7 Depression Depression NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 454 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 454 9 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 454 10 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 454 11 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 454 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 455 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 455 2 Haven Haven NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 455 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 455 4 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 455 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 455 6 Yale Yale NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 455 7 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 455 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 455 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 456 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 456 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 456 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 456 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 456 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 456 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 456 7 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 456 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 456 9 15109 15109 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 456 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 456 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 456 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 2 St. St. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 3 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 4 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 5 Reserve Reserve NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 6 Real Real NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 7 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 8 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 9 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 12 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 13 rose rise VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 15 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 16 17,747 17,747 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 18 1960 1960 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 20 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 21 26,281 26,281 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 23 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 26 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 27 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 29 3.07%/yr 3.07%/yr NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 457 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 458 1 Calculation calculation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 458 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 458 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 458 4 26,281/17,747)^(1/13 26,281/17,747)^(1/13 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 458 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 458 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 459 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 459 2 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 459 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 459 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 459 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 459 6 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 459 7 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 459 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 459 9 1.089 1.089 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 459 10 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 459 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 460 1 Calculation calculation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 460 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 460 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 460 4 49,571/26,281)^(1/34 49,571/26,281)^(1/34 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 460 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 460 6 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 460 7 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 460 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 460 9 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 460 10 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 460 11 annual annual JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 460 12 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 460 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 460 14 0.64 0.64 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 460 15 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 460 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 3 Semiconductor Semiconductor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 4 Foundry Foundry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 5 Market Market NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 7 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 8 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 9 Industry Industry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 10 Trends Trends NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 12 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 14 Share Share NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 16 Size size NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 18 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 19 Forecast Forecast NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 20 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 21 Report Report NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 461 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 462 1 MarketWatch MarketWatch NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 462 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 463 1 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 463 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 463 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 463 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 463 5 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 463 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 464 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 464 2 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 464 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 464 4 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 464 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 464 6 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 464 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 465 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 465 2 Leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 465 3 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 465 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 465 5 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 465 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 465 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 465 8 spend spend VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 465 9 carefully carefully RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 465 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 466 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 466 2 Independent Independent NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 466 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 467 1 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 467 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 467 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 467 4 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 467 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 468 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 468 2 Data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 468 3 refer refer VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 468 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 468 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 468 6 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 468 7 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 468 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 469 1 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 469 2 26,341 26,341 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 469 3 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 469 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 469 5 Korea Korea NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 469 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 469 7 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-4485 469 8 1513 1513 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 469 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 469 10 Ghana Ghana NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 469 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 470 1 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 470 2 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 470 3 Outlook Outlook NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 470 4 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 470 5 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 470 6 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 470 7 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 470 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 470 9 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 470 10 Monetary Monetary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 470 11 Fund Fund NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 470 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 471 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 471 2 Kendrick Kendrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 471 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 471 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 471 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 471 6 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 471 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 471 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 472 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 472 2 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 473 1 Productivity Productivity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 473 2 Performance Performance NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 473 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 473 4 Perspective Perspective NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 473 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 473 6 Business Business NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 473 7 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 473 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 473 9 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 473 10 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 473 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 473 12 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 473 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 473 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 474 1 Business Business NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 474 2 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 474 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 475 1 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 475 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 475 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 475 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 475 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 475 6 7–11 7–11 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 475 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 476 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 476 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 476 3 23485828 23485828 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 476 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 477 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 477 2 Field Field NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 477 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 477 4 Alezander Alezander NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 477 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 478 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 478 2 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 478 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 478 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 2 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 3 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 4 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 7 Gilded Gilded NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 8 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 10 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 12 Macroeconomics Macroeconomics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 13 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 16 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 19 173–90 173–90 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 479 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 480 1 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 480 2 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 480 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 480 4 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 480 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 480 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 480 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 480 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4485 480 9 Field field NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 480 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 480 11 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 480 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 480 13 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 480 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 480 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 481 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 481 2 Technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 481 3 Change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 481 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 481 5 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 481 6 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 481 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 481 8 Interwar Interwar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 481 9 Years Years NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 481 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 481 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 481 12 1990s 1990 NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 481 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 481 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 482 1 SSRN SSRN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 482 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 482 3 1105634 1105634 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 482 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 483 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 483 2 Gordon Gordon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 483 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 483 4 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 483 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 484 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 484 2 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 484 3 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 484 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 484 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 485 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 485 2 Interpreting interpret VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 485 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 485 4 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 485 5 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 485 6 Big Big NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 485 7 Wave Wave NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 485 8 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 485 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 485 10 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 485 11 Long Long NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 485 12 Term Term NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 485 13 Productivity Productivity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 485 14 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 485 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 485 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 486 1 NBER NBER NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 486 2 Working Working NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 486 3 Paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 486 4 No no NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 486 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 487 1 7752 7752 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 487 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 487 3 doi:10.3386 doi:10.3386 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 487 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 487 5 w7752 w7752 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 487 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 488 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 488 2 Abramovitz Abramovitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 488 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 488 4 Moses Moses NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 488 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 488 6 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 488 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 488 8 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 488 9 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 489 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 489 2 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 489 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 489 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 1 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 2 Centuries Centuries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 4 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 5 Macroeconomic Macroeconomic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 6 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 7 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 8 Exploitation Exploitation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 10 Resource Resource NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 11 Abundance Abundance NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 13 Knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 15 Driven Driven NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 16 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 18 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 490 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 491 1 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 491 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 491 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 492 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 492 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 493 1 24–5 24–5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 493 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 493 3 pdf pdf NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 493 4 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 493 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 494 1 28–9 28–9 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 494 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 494 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 495 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 495 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 495 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 495 4 Gordon Gordon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 495 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 495 6 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 495 7 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 496 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 496 2 Spring Spring NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 496 3 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 496 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 496 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 497 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 497 2 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 498 1 Productivity Productivity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 498 2 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 498 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 498 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 498 5 Slowdown Slowdown NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 498 6 Has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 498 7 Returned return VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 498 8 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 498 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 498 10 Temporary Temporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 498 11 Revival Revival NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 498 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 498 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 498 14 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 498 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 498 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 499 1 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 499 2 Productivity Productivity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 499 3 Monitor Monitor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 499 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 499 5 Centre Centre NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 499 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 499 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 499 8 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 499 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 499 10 Living Living NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 499 11 Standards Standards NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 499 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 500 1 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 500 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 500 3 13–9 13–9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 500 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 501 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 501 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 501 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 501 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 501 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 501 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 501 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 501 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 501 9 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 501 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 501 11 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 501 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 501 13 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 501 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 502 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 502 2 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 502 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 502 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 502 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 502 6 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 502 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 2 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 3 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 4 achieved achieve VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 6 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 7 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 9 labour labour JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 10 productivity productivity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 12 2.48 2.48 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 13 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 14 cent cent NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 15 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 16 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 18 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 19 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 21 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 23 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 24 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 26 1.32 1.32 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 27 per per NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 28 cent cent NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 30 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 32 temporary temporary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 33 recovery recovery NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 34 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 36 2.48 2.48 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 37 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 38 cent cent NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 39 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 40 cent cent NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 44 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 45 slowdown slowdown NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 46 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 47 1.35 1.35 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 48 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 49 cent cent NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 503 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 2 similarity similarity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 6 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 8 1891–1972 1891–1972 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 10 1996–2004 1996–2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 14 1972–96 1972–96 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 16 1996–2011 1996–2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 18 quite quite RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 19 remarkable remarkable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 504 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 505 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 505 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 505 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 505 4 Dale Dale NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 505 5 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 505 6 Jorgenson Jorgenson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 505 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 505 8 Mun Mun NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 505 9 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 505 10 Ho Ho NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 505 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 505 12 Jon Jon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 505 13 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 505 14 Samuels Samuels NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 505 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 505 16 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 505 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 505 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 506 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 506 2 Long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 506 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 506 4 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 506 5 Estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 506 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 506 7 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 507 1 Productivity Productivity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 507 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 507 3 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 507 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 507 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 507 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 507 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 507 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 508 1 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 508 2 KLEMS KLEMS NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 508 3 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 508 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 509 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 509 2 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 509 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 509 4 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 509 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 509 6 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 509 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 510 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 510 2 Dale Dale NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 510 3 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 510 4 Jorgenson Jorgenson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 510 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 510 6 Mun Mun NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 510 7 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 510 8 Ho Ho NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 510 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 510 10 Kevin Kevin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 510 11 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 510 12 Stiroh Stiroh NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 510 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 510 14 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 510 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 510 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 511 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 511 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 511 3 Retrospective Retrospective NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 511 4 Look Look NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 511 5 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 511 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 511 7 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 512 1 Productivity Productivity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 512 2 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 512 3 Resurgence Resurgence NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 512 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 512 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 513 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 513 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 513 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 513 4 Perspectives Perspectives NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 513 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 514 1 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 514 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 514 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 514 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 514 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 514 6 3–24 3–24 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 514 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 515 1 doi:10.1257 doi:10.1257 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 515 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 515 3 jep.22.1.3 jep.22.1.3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 515 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 516 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 516 2 Bruce Bruce NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 516 3 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 516 4 Grimm Grimm NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 516 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 516 6 Brent Brent NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 516 7 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 516 8 Moulton Moulton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 516 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 516 10 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 516 11 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 516 12 Wasshausen Wasshausen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 516 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 516 14 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 516 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 516 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 517 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 517 2 Information Information NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 517 3 Processing Processing NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 517 4 Equipment Equipment NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 517 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 517 6 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 517 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 517 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 517 9 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 517 10 Accounts Accounts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 517 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 517 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 517 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 517 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 517 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 518 1 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 518 2 Department Department NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 518 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 518 4 Commerce Commerce NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 518 5 Bureau Bureau NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 518 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 518 7 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 518 8 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 518 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 519 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 519 2 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 519 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 519 4 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 519 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 519 6 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 519 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 520 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 520 2 Hunt Hunt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 520 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 520 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 520 5 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 520 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 520 7 Lautzenheiser Lautzenheiser NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 520 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 520 9 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 520 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 520 11 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 520 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 520 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 521 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 521 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 521 3 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 521 4 Thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 521 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 521 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 521 7 Critical Critical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 521 8 Perspective Perspective NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 521 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 522 1 PHI PHI NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 522 2 Learning Learning NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 522 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 523 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 523 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 523 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 523 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 523 5 0765625991 0765625991 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 523 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 524 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 524 2 Krugman Krugman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 524 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 524 4 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 524 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 524 6 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 524 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 524 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 525 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 525 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 525 3 Myth Myth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 525 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 525 5 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 525 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 525 7 Miracle miracle NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 525 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 525 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 526 1 Foreign Foreign NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 526 2 Affairs Affairs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 526 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 527 1 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 527 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 527 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 527 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 527 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 527 6 62–78 62–78 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 527 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 528 1 doi:10.2307/20046929 doi:10.2307/20046929 FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 528 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 529 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 529 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 529 3 20046929 20046929 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 529 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 530 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 530 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 530 3 Hours hour NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 530 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 530 5 Work work NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 530 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 530 7 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 530 8 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 530 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 530 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 531 1 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 531 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 532 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 532 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 532 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 532 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 532 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 532 6 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 532 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 532 8 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 532 9 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 532 10 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 532 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 533 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 533 2 Whaples Whaples NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 533 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 533 4 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 533 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 533 6 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 533 7 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 533 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 533 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 3 Shortening shortening NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 6 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 7 Work Work NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 8 Week Week NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 10 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 11 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 13 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 14 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 16 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 17 Context Context NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 19 Causes Causes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 22 Consequences Consequences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 534 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 535 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 535 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 535 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 535 4 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 535 5 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 535 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 536 1 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 536 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 536 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 536 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 536 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 536 6 454–7 454–7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 536 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 537 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 537 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 537 3 s0022050700039073 s0022050700039073 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 537 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 538 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 538 2 Mankiw Mankiw NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 538 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 538 4 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 538 5 Gregory Gregory NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 538 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 538 7 Romer Romer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 538 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 538 9 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 538 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 538 11 Weil Weil NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 538 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 538 13 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 538 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 538 15 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 538 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 538 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 539 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 539 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 539 3 Contribution contribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 539 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 539 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 539 6 Empirics Empirics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 539 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 539 8 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 539 9 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 539 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 539 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 540 1 Quarterly Quarterly NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 540 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 540 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 540 4 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 540 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 541 1 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 541 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 541 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 541 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 541 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 541 6 407–37 407–37 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 541 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 542 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 542 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 542 3 10.1.1.335.6159 10.1.1.335.6159 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 542 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 542 5 doi:10.2307/2118477 doi:10.2307/2118477 NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 542 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 543 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 543 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 543 3 2118477 2118477 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 543 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 544 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 544 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 544 3 1369978 1369978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 544 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 545 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 545 2 Sala Sala NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 545 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 545 4 i i NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 545 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 545 6 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 545 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 545 8 Xavier Xavier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 545 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 545 10 Doppelhofer Doppelhofer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 545 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 545 12 Gernot Gernot NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 545 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 545 14 Miller Miller NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 545 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 545 16 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 545 17 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 546 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 546 2 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 546 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 546 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 2 Determinants determinant NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 4 Long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 6 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 7 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 10 Bayesian bayesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 11 Averaging Averaging NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 13 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 14 Estimates Estimates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 16 BACE BACE NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 18 Approach Approach NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 21 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 547 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 548 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 548 2 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 548 3 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 548 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 549 1 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 549 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 549 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 549 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 549 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 549 6 813–35 813–35 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 549 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 550 1 doi:10.1257/0002828042002570 doi:10.1257/0002828042002570 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 550 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 551 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 551 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 551 3 55710066 55710066 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 551 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 552 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 552 2 Romer Romer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 552 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 552 4 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 552 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 552 6 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 552 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 552 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 553 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 553 2 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 553 3 Capital Capital NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 553 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 553 5 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 553 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 553 7 Theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 553 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 553 9 Evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 553 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 553 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 553 12 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 553 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 553 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 554 1 Carnegie Carnegie NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 554 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 554 3 Rochester Rochester NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 554 4 Conference Conference NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 554 5 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 554 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 554 7 Public Public NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 554 8 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 554 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 555 1 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 555 2 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 555 3 251–86 251–86 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 555 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 556 1 doi:10.1016/0167 doi:10.1016/0167 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 556 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 556 3 2231(90)90028-J. 2231(90)90028-J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 557 1 S2CID S2CID NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 557 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 557 3 15491089 15491089 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 557 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 558 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 558 2 Barro Barro NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 558 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 558 4 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 558 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 558 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 558 7 Lee Lee NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 558 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 558 9 Jong Jong NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 558 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 558 11 Wha Wha NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 558 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 558 13 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 558 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 558 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 559 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 559 2 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 559 3 Data Data NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 559 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 559 5 Educational Educational NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 559 6 Attainment Attainment NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 559 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 559 8 Updates Updates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 559 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 559 10 Implications implication NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 559 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 559 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 559 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 559 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 559 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 560 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 560 2 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 560 3 Papers Papers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 560 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 561 1 53 53 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 561 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 561 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 561 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 561 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 561 6 541–63 541–63 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 561 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 562 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 562 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 562 3 oep/53.3.541 oep/53.3.541 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 562 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 563 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 563 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 563 3 30819754 30819754 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 563 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 564 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 564 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 564 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 564 4 Breton Breton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 564 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 564 6 Theodore Theodore NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 564 7 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 564 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 564 9 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 564 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 564 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 565 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 565 2 Higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 565 3 Test test NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 565 4 Scores Scores NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 565 5 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 565 6 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 565 7 Schooling schooling NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 565 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-4485 566 1 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 566 2 Look look VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 566 3 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 566 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 566 5 Causes Causes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 566 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 566 7 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 566 8 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 566 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 566 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 566 11 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 566 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 566 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 567 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 567 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 567 3 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 567 4 Capital Capital NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 567 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 568 1 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 568 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 568 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 568 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 568 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 568 6 239–63 239–63 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 568 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 569 1 doi:10.1086/681911 doi:10.1086/681911 NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 569 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 570 1 hdl:10784/2644 hdl:10784/2644 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 570 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 571 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 571 2 Hanushek Hanushek NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 571 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 571 4 Eric Eric NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 571 5 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 571 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 571 7 Kimko Kimko NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 571 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 571 9 Dennis Dennis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 571 10 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 571 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 571 12 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 571 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 571 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 572 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 572 2 Schooling schooling NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 572 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 572 4 Labor Labor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 572 5 Force Force NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 572 6 Quality Quality NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 572 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 572 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 572 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 572 10 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 572 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 572 12 Nations Nations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 572 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 572 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 573 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 573 2 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 573 3 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 573 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 574 1 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 574 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 574 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 574 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 574 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 574 6 1184–208 1184–208 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 574 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 575 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 575 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 575 3 10.1.1.232.7942 10.1.1.232.7942 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 575 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 575 5 doi:10.1257 doi:10.1257 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 575 6 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 575 7 aer.90.5.1184 aer.90.5.1184 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 575 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 576 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 576 2 Hanushek Hanushek NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 576 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 576 4 Eric Eric NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 576 5 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 576 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 576 7 Woessmann Woessmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 576 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 576 9 Ludger Ludger NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 576 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 576 11 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 576 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 576 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 577 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 577 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 577 3 Role role NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 577 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 577 5 Cognitive Cognitive NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 577 6 Skills Skills NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 577 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 577 8 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 577 9 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 577 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 577 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 578 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 578 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 578 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 578 4 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 578 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 579 1 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 579 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 579 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 579 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 579 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 579 6 607–68 607–68 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 579 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 580 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 580 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 580 3 10.1.1.507.5325 10.1.1.507.5325 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 580 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 580 5 doi:10.1257 doi:10.1257 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 580 6 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 580 7 jel.46.3.607 jel.46.3.607 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 580 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 581 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 581 2 Hanushek Hanushek NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 581 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 581 4 Eric Eric NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 581 5 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 581 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 581 7 Woessmann Woessmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 581 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 581 9 Ludger Ludger NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 581 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 581 11 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 581 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 581 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 582 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 582 2 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 582 3 Much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 582 4 Do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 582 5 Educational educational JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 582 6 Outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 582 7 Matter Matter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 582 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 582 9 OECD OECD NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 582 10 Countries Countries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 582 11 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-4485 582 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 583 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 583 2 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 583 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 583 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 584 1 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 584 2 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 584 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 585 1 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 585 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 585 3 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 585 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 585 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 585 6 427–91 427–91 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 585 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 586 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 586 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 586 3 j.1468 j.1468 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 586 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 586 5 0327.2011.00265.x 0327.2011.00265.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 586 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 587 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 587 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 587 3 7733555 7733555 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 587 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 588 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 588 2 Hanushek Hanushek NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 588 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 588 4 Eric Eric NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 588 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 588 6 Woessmann Woessmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 588 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 588 8 Ludger Ludger NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 588 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 588 10 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 588 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 588 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 589 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 589 2 Knowledge Knowledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 589 3 Capital Capital NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 589 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 589 5 Nations Nations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 589 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 589 7 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 589 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 589 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 589 10 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 589 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 589 12 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 589 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 590 1 MIT MIT NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 590 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 590 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 591 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 591 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 591 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 591 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 591 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 591 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 591 7 262 262 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 591 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 591 9 02917 02917 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 591 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 591 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 591 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 592 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 592 2 Baten Baten NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 592 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 592 4 Joerg Joerg NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 592 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 592 6 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 592 7 Zanden Zanden NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 592 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 592 9 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 592 10 Luiten Luiten NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 592 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 592 12 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 592 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 592 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 593 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 593 2 Book book NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 593 3 Production production NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 593 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 593 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 593 6 Onset onset NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 593 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 593 8 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 593 9 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 593 10 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 593 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 593 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 594 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 594 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 594 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 594 4 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 594 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 595 1 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 595 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 595 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 595 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 595 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 595 6 217–235 217–235 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 595 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 596 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 596 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 596 3 s10887 s10887 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 596 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 596 5 008 008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 596 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 596 7 9031 9031 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 596 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 596 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 596 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 597 1 hdl:10230/757 hdl:10230/757 UH en-wikipedia-org-4485 597 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 598 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 598 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 598 3 195314801 195314801 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 598 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 599 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 599 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 599 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 599 4 Acemoglu Acemoglu NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 599 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 599 6 Daron Daron NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 599 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 599 8 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 599 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 599 10 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 599 11 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 600 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 600 2 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 600 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 600 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 601 1 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 601 2 Nations Nations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 601 3 Fail Fail NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 601 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 601 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 601 6 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 601 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 601 8 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 601 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 601 10 Prosperity Prosperity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 601 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 601 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 601 13 Poverty poverty NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 601 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 602 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 602 2 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 602 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 602 4 Crown Crown NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 602 5 Business Business NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 602 6 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 602 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 602 8 Random Random NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 602 9 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 602 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 603 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 603 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 604 1 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 604 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 605 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 605 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 605 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 605 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 605 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 605 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 605 7 307 307 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 605 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 605 9 71922 71922 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 605 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 605 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 605 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 606 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 606 2 Hunt Hunt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 606 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 606 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 606 5 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 606 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 606 7 Lautzenheiser Lautzenheiser NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 606 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 606 9 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 606 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 606 11 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 606 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 606 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 607 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 607 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 607 3 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 607 4 Thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 607 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 607 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 607 7 Critical Critical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 607 8 Perspective Perspective NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 607 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 608 1 PHI PHI NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 608 2 Learning Learning NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 608 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 609 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 609 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 609 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 609 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 609 5 0765625991 0765625991 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 609 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 610 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 610 2 Landes Landes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 610 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 610 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 610 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 611 1 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 611 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 611 3 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 611 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 611 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 612 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 612 2 Unbound Unbound NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 612 3 Prometheus prometheus NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 612 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 612 5 Technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 612 6 Change Change NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 612 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 612 8 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 612 9 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 612 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 612 11 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 612 12 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 612 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 612 14 1750 1750 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 612 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 612 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 612 17 Present Present NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 612 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 613 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 613 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 613 3 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 613 4 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 613 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 613 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 613 7 Syndicate Syndicate NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 613 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 613 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 613 10 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 613 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 613 12 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 613 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 614 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 614 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 615 1 8–18 8–18 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 615 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 616 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 616 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 616 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 616 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 616 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 616 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 616 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 616 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 616 9 09418 09418 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 616 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 616 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 616 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 617 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 617 2 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 617 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 617 4 Douglass Douglass NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 617 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 617 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 617 7 Weingast Weingast NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 617 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 617 9 Barry Barry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 617 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 617 11 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 617 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 617 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 618 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 618 2 Constitutions Constitutions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 618 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 618 4 Commitment Commitment NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 618 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 618 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 618 7 Evolutions Evolutions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 618 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 618 9 Institutions Institutions NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 618 10 Governing Governing NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 618 11 Public Public NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 618 12 Choice Choice NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 618 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 618 14 Seventeenth Seventeenth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 618 15 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 618 16 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 618 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 618 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 619 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 619 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 619 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 619 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 619 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 620 1 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 620 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 620 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 620 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 620 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 620 6 803–32 803–32 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 620 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 621 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 621 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 621 3 S0022050700009451 S0022050700009451 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 621 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 622 1 S2CID S2CID NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 622 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 622 3 3198200 3198200 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 622 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 623 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 623 2 Barker Barker NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 623 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 623 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 623 5 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 623 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 623 7 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 623 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 623 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 624 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 624 2 Personal Personal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 624 3 Liberty Liberty NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 624 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 624 5 Common Common NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 624 6 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 624 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 624 8 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 624 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 624 10 1200–1600 1200–1600 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 624 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 624 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 625 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 625 2 Davis Davis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 625 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 625 4 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 625 5 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 626 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 626 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 626 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 626 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 626 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 627 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 627 2 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 627 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 627 4 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 627 5 Freedom Freedom NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 627 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 627 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 627 8 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 627 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 628 1 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 628 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 628 3 Stanford Stanford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 628 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 628 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 628 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 629 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 629 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 630 1 178–202 178–202 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 630 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 631 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 631 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 631 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 631 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 631 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 631 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 631 7 8047 8047 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 631 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 631 9 2474 2474 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 631 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 631 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 631 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 632 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 632 2 Acemolgu Acemolgu NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 632 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 632 4 Daron Daron NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 632 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 632 6 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 632 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 632 8 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 632 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 632 10 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 632 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 632 12 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 632 13 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 633 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 633 2 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 633 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 633 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 634 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 634 2 Institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 634 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 634 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 634 5 Fundamental fundamental JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 634 6 Cause Cause NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 634 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 634 8 Long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 634 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 634 10 Run Run NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 634 11 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 634 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 634 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 635 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 635 2 Aghion Aghion NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 635 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 635 4 Philippe Philippe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 635 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 635 6 Durlauf Durlauf NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 635 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 635 8 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 635 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 635 10 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 635 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 635 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 635 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 636 1 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 636 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 636 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 636 4 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 636 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 637 1 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 637 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 637 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 637 4 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 637 5 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 637 6 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 637 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 638 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 638 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 639 1 385–472 385–472 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 639 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 640 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 640 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 640 3 S1574 S1574 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 640 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 640 5 0684(05)01006 0684(05)01006 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 640 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 640 7 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 640 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 641 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 641 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 641 3 9780444520418 9780444520418 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 641 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 642 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 642 2 Rajan Rajan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 642 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 642 4 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 642 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 642 6 Zingales Zingales NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 642 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 642 8 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 642 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 642 10 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 642 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 642 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 643 1 Saving save VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 643 2 Capitalism Capitalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 643 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 643 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 643 5 Capitalists Capitalists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 643 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 644 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 644 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 644 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 644 4 Random Random NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 644 5 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 644 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 645 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 645 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 645 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 645 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 645 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 645 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 645 7 7126 7126 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 645 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 645 9 2131 2131 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 645 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 645 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 645 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 646 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 646 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 646 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 646 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 646 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 646 6 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 646 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 646 8 Noel Noel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 646 9 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 646 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 646 11 Koyama Koyama NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 646 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 646 13 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 646 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 646 15 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 646 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 646 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 647 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 647 2 States state NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 647 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 647 4 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 647 5 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 647 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 647 7 Capacity capacity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 647 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 647 9 Constraints Constraints NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 647 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 647 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 648 1 Explorations exploration NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 648 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 648 3 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 648 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 648 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 649 1 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 649 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 649 3 1–20 1–20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 649 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 650 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 650 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 650 3 j.eeh.2016.11.002 j.eeh.2016.11.002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 650 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 651 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 651 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 651 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 651 4 Noel Noel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 651 5 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 651 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 651 7 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 651 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 651 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 652 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 652 2 Banking bank VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 652 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 652 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 652 5 King king NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 652 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 652 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 652 8 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 652 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 652 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 652 11 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 652 12 Revenue Revenue NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 652 13 Farms Farms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 652 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 652 15 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 652 16 Regime Regime NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 652 17 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 652 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 652 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 653 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 653 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 653 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 653 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 653 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 654 1 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 654 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 654 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 654 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 654 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 654 6 963–991 963–991 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 654 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 655 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 655 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 655 3 S0022050706000398 S0022050706000398 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 655 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 656 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 656 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 656 3 73630821 73630821 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 656 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 657 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 657 2 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 657 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 657 4 Noel Noel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 657 5 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 657 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 657 7 Koyama Koyama NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 657 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 657 9 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 657 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 657 11 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 657 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 657 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 658 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 658 2 Tax Tax NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 658 3 Farming Farming NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 658 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 658 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 658 6 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 658 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 658 8 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 658 9 Capacity Capacity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 658 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 658 11 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 658 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 658 13 France France NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 658 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 658 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 659 1 Explorations exploration NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 659 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 659 3 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 659 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 659 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 660 1 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 660 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 660 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 660 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 660 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 660 6 1–20 1–20 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 660 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 661 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 661 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 661 3 j.eeh.2013.07.005 j.eeh.2013.07.005 JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 661 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 662 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 662 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 662 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 662 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 662 5 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 662 6 Soto Soto NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 662 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 662 8 Hernando Hernando NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 662 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 662 10 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 662 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 662 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 663 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 663 2 Mystery mystery NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 663 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 663 4 Capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 663 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 663 6 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 663 7 Capitalism Capitalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 663 8 Triumphs Triumphs NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 663 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 663 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 663 11 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 663 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 663 13 Fails fail VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 663 14 Everywhere everywhere RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 663 15 Else else RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 663 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 664 1 Basic Basic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 664 2 Books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 664 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 665 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 665 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 665 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 665 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 665 5 0465016143 0465016143 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 665 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 666 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 666 2 Acemoglu Acemoglu NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 666 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 666 4 Daron Daron NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 666 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 666 6 Naidu Naidu NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 666 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 666 8 Suresh Suresh NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 666 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 666 10 Restrepo Restrepo NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 666 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 666 12 Pascual Pascual NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 666 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 666 14 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 666 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 666 16 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 666 17 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 667 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 667 2 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 667 3 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 667 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 667 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 668 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 668 2 Democracy democracy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 668 3 Does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 668 4 Cause cause VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 668 5 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 668 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 668 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 669 1 NBER NBER NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 669 2 Working Working NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 669 3 Paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 669 4 No no NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 669 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 670 1 20004 20004 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 670 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 670 3 doi:10.3386 doi:10.3386 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 670 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 670 5 w20004 w20004 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 670 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 2 Jyot Jyot NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 3 Hosagrahar Hosagrahar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 4 „ „ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 5 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 9 heart heart NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 11 SDGs SDGs NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 12 “ " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 14 UNESCO UNESCO NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 16 Kurier Kurier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 18 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 19 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 20 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 21 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 671 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 672 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 672 2 Acemoglu Acemoglu NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 672 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 672 4 Daron Daron NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 672 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 672 6 Johnson Johnson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 672 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 672 8 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 672 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 672 10 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 672 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 672 12 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 672 13 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 673 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 673 2 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 673 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 673 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 674 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 674 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 674 3 Colonial Colonial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 674 4 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 674 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 674 6 Comparative Comparative NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 674 7 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 674 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 674 9 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 674 10 Empirical Empirical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 674 11 Investigation Investigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 674 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 674 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 675 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 675 2 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 675 3 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 675 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 676 1 91 91 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 676 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 676 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 676 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 676 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 676 6 1369–401 1369–401 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 676 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 677 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 677 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 677 3 10.1.1.313.7172 10.1.1.313.7172 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 677 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 677 5 doi:10.1257 doi:10.1257 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 677 6 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 677 7 aer.91.5.1369 aer.91.5.1369 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 677 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 678 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 678 2 Lee Lee NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 678 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 678 4 Yong Yong NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 678 5 Suk Suk NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 678 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 678 7 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 678 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 678 9 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 678 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 678 11 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 678 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 678 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 679 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 679 2 Entrepreneurship entrepreneurship NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 679 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 679 4 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 679 5 businesses business NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 679 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 679 7 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 679 8 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 679 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 679 10 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 679 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 679 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 679 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 679 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 679 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 680 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 680 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 680 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 680 4 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 680 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 681 1 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 681 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 681 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 681 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 681 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 681 6 311–343 311–343 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 681 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 682 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 682 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 682 3 jeg jeg NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 682 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 682 5 lbw021 lbw021 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 682 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 683 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 683 2 Lee Lee NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 683 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 683 4 Yong Yong NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 683 5 Suk Suk NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 683 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 683 7 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 683 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 683 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 684 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 684 2 Government government NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 684 3 guaranteed guarantee VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 684 4 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 684 5 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 684 6 loans loan NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 684 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 684 8 regional regional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 684 9 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 684 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 684 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 685 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 685 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 685 3 Business Business NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 685 4 Venturing venture VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 685 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 686 1 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 686 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 686 3 70–83 70–83 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 686 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 687 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 687 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 687 3 j.jbusvent.2017.11.001 j.jbusvent.2017.11.001 JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 687 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 688 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 688 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 688 3 168857205 168857205 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 688 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 689 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 689 2 Ayres Ayres NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 689 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 689 4 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 689 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 689 6 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 689 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 689 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 2 Technological Technological NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 3 Transformations Transformations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 5 Long Long NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 6 Waves Waves NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 9 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 12 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 13 < < XX en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 14 Attributed attribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 16 Mensch Mensch NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 17 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 18 described describe VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 19 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 20 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 23 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 24 creating create VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 27 > > XX en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 28 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 29 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 30 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 31 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 33 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 35 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 36 Gordon Gordon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 38 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 690 39 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 691 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 691 2 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 691 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 691 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 692 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 692 2 Rise Rise NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 692 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 692 4 Fall Fall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 692 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 692 6 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 692 7 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 692 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 693 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 693 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 693 3 NJ NJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 693 4 USA USA NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 693 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 693 6 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 693 7 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 693 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 693 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 694 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 694 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 694 3 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 694 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 695 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 695 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 695 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 695 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 695 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 695 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 695 7 691 691 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 695 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 695 9 14772 14772 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 695 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 695 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 695 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 3 Manufacturing manufacturing NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 5 declining decline VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 6 share share NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 8 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 11 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 12 phenomenon phenomenon NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 16 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 17 something something NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 19 celebrate celebrate VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 696 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 697 1 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 697 2 Chamber Chamber NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 697 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 697 4 Commerce Commerce NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 697 5 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 697 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 698 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 698 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 698 3 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 698 4 Employees employee NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 698 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 698 6 Manufacturing manufacture VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 698 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 698 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 699 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 699 2 Kuprianov Kuprianov NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 699 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 699 4 Alexey Alexey NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 699 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 699 6 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 699 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 699 8 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 699 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 699 10 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 699 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 699 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 700 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 700 2 Decomposition decomposition NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 700 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 700 4 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 700 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 701 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 701 2 Role role NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 701 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 701 4 Quality Quality NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 701 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 701 6 Goods Goods NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 701 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 701 8 Services Services NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 701 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 701 10 Measuring Measuring NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 701 11 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 701 12 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 701 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 701 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 702 1 Rochester Rochester NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 702 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 702 3 NY NY NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 702 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 703 1 SSRN SSRN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 703 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 703 3 3170839 3170839 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 703 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 704 1 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 704 2 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 704 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 704 4 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 704 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 704 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 704 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 704 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4485 704 9 Malthus Malthus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 704 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 704 11 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 704 12 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 704 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 704 14 1798 1798 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 704 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 704 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 705 1 Gilbert Gilbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 705 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 705 3 Geoffrey Geoffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 705 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 705 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 705 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 705 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 705 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 706 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 706 2 Essay Essay NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 706 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 706 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 706 5 Principle Principle NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 706 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 706 7 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 706 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 707 1 Oxford oxford NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 707 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 707 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 707 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 707 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 707 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 707 7 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 707 8 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 707 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 707 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 708 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 708 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 708 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 708 4 Quamrul Quamrul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 708 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 708 6 Ashraf Ashraf NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 708 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 708 8 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 708 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 708 10 Oded Oded NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 708 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 708 12 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 708 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 708 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 709 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 709 2 Dynamics Dynamics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 709 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 709 4 Stagnation Stagnation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 709 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 709 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 709 7 Malthusian Malthusian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 709 8 Epoch Epoch NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 709 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 709 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 710 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 710 2 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 710 3 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 710 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 711 1 101 101 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 711 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 711 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 711 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 711 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 711 6 2003–2041 2003–2041 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 711 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 712 1 doi:10.1257 doi:10.1257 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 712 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 712 3 aer.101.5.2003 aer.101.5.2003 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 712 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 713 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 713 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 713 3 4262154 4262154 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 713 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 714 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 714 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 714 3 25506082 25506082 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 714 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 715 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 715 2 Bjork Bjork NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 715 3 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 715 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 715 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 715 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 1 297–8 297–8 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 2 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 3 Bjork Bjork NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 4 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 6 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 8 298 298 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 9 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 10 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 11 Rosenstein Rosenstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 13 Rodan[specify Rodan[specify NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 15 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 16 Murphy Murphy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 18 Kevin Kevin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 19 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 21 Shleifer Shleifer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 23 Andrei Andrei NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 25 Vishny Vishny NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 27 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 28 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 30 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 716 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 717 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 717 2 Industrialization industrialization NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 717 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 717 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 717 5 Big Big NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 717 6 Push Push NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 717 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 717 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 718 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 718 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 718 3 Political Political NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 718 4 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 718 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 719 1 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 719 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 719 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 719 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 719 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 719 6 1003–1026 1003–1026 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 719 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 720 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 720 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 720 3 10.1.1.538.3040 10.1.1.538.3040 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 720 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 720 5 doi:10.1086/261641 doi:10.1086/261641 UH en-wikipedia-org-4485 720 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 721 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 721 2 Solow Solow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 721 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 721 4 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 721 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 721 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 721 7 1956 1956 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 721 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 721 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 722 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 722 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 722 3 Contribution contribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 722 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 722 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 722 6 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 722 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 722 8 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 722 9 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 722 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 722 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 723 1 Quarterly Quarterly NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 723 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 723 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 723 4 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 723 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 724 1 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 724 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 724 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 724 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 724 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 724 6 65–94 65–94 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 724 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 725 1 doi:10.2307/1884513 doi:10.2307/1884513 FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 725 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 726 1 hdl:10338.dmlcz/143862 hdl:10338.dmlcz/143862 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 726 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 727 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 727 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 727 3 1884513 1884513 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 727 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 728 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 728 2 Swan Swan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 728 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 728 4 Trevor Trevor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 728 5 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 728 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 728 7 1956 1956 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 728 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 728 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 729 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 729 2 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 729 3 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 729 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 729 5 Capital Capital NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 729 6 Accumulation Accumulation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 729 7 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 729 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 729 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 730 1 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 730 2 Record Record NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 730 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 731 1 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 731 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 731 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 731 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 731 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 731 6 334–61 334–61 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 731 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 732 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 732 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 732 3 j.1475 j.1475 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 732 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 732 5 4932.1956.tb00434.x 4932.1956.tb00434.x CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 732 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 733 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 733 2 Lucas Lucas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 733 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 733 4 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 733 5 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 733 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 733 7 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 733 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 733 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 734 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 734 2 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 734 3 Does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 734 4 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 734 5 Capital capital VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 734 6 Flow Flow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 734 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 734 8 Rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 734 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 734 10 Poor Poor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 734 11 Countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 734 12 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-4485 734 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 734 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 735 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 735 2 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 735 3 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 735 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 736 1 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 736 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 736 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 736 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 736 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 736 6 92–6 92–6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 736 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 737 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 737 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 737 3 2006549 2006549 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 737 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 738 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 738 2 Warsh Warsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 738 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 738 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 738 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 739 1 Knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 739 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 739 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 739 4 Wealth Wealth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 739 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 739 6 Nations Nations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 739 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 740 1 W.W. W.W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 740 2 Norton Norton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 740 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 740 4 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 740 5 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 740 6 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-4485 740 7 Romer Romer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 740 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 740 9 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 740 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 740 11 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 740 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 740 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 741 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 741 2 Increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 741 3 Returns Returns NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 741 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 741 5 Long Long NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 741 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 741 7 Run Run NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 741 8 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 741 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 741 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 742 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 742 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 742 3 Political Political NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 742 4 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 742 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 743 1 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 743 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 743 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 743 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 743 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 743 6 1002–1037 1002–1037 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 743 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 744 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 744 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 744 3 10.1.1.589.3348 10.1.1.589.3348 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 744 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 744 5 doi:10.1086/261420 doi:10.1086/261420 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 744 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 745 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 745 2 Helpman Helpman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 745 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 745 4 Elhanah Elhanah NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 745 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 745 6 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 745 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 745 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 746 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 746 2 Mystery mystery NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 746 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 746 4 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 746 5 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 746 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 747 1 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 747 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 747 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 747 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 748 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 748 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 748 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 748 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 748 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 748 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 748 7 674 674 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 748 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 748 9 01572 01572 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 748 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 748 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 748 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 749 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 749 2 Warsh Warsh NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 749 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 749 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 749 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 750 1 Knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 750 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 750 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 750 4 Wealth Wealth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 750 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 750 6 Nations Nations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 750 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 750 8 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 750 9 Story Story NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 750 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 750 11 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 750 12 Discovery Discovery NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 750 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 751 1 W.W. W.W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 751 2 Norton Norton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 751 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 751 4 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 751 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 751 6 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 751 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 752 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 752 2 Landreth Landreth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 752 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 752 4 Harry Harry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 752 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 752 6 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 752 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 752 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 753 1 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 753 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 753 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 753 4 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 753 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 753 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 753 7 Scope scope NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 753 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 753 9 Method Method NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 753 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 753 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 753 12 Content Content NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 753 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 754 1 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 754 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 754 3 Houghton Houghton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 754 4 Mifflin Mifflin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 754 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 755 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 755 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 756 1 478–480 478–480 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 756 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 757 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 757 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 757 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 757 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 757 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 757 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 757 7 395 395 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 757 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 757 9 19234 19234 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 757 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 757 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 757 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 758 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 758 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 758 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 758 4 Aghion Aghion NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 758 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 758 6 Philippe Philippe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 758 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 758 8 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 758 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 758 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 759 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 759 2 Schumpeterian schumpeterian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 759 3 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 759 4 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 759 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 759 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 759 7 Dynamics Dynamics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 759 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 759 9 Income Income NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 759 10 Inequality Inequality NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 759 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 759 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 760 1 Econometrica Econometrica NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 760 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 761 1 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 761 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 761 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 761 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 761 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 761 6 855–82 855–82 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 761 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 762 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 762 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 762 3 10.1.1.458.7383 10.1.1.458.7383 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 762 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 762 5 doi:10.1111/1468 doi:10.1111/1468 NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 762 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 762 7 0262.00312 0262.00312 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 762 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 763 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 763 2 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 763 3 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 763 4 Carlin Carlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 763 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 763 6 Wendy Wendy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 763 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 763 8 Soskice Soskice NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 763 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 763 10 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 763 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 763 12 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 763 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 763 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 764 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 764 2 Endogenous endogenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 764 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 764 4 Schumpeterian schumpeterian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 764 5 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 764 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 764 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 765 1 Macroeconomics macroeconomic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 765 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 765 3 Imperfections Imperfections NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 765 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 765 5 Institutions Institutions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 765 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 765 7 Policies Policies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 765 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 766 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 766 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 766 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 766 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 767 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 767 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 768 1 529–60 529–60 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 768 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 769 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 769 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 769 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 769 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 769 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 769 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 769 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 769 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 769 9 877622 877622 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 769 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 769 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 769 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 770 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 770 2 Aghion Aghion NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 770 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 770 4 Philippe Philippe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 770 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 770 6 Howitt Howitt NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 770 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 770 8 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 770 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 770 10 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 770 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 770 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 771 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 771 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 771 3 Model Model NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 771 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 771 5 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 771 6 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 771 7 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 771 8 Destruction Destruction NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 771 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 771 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 772 1 Econometrica Econometrica NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 772 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 773 1 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 773 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 773 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 773 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 773 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 773 6 323–51 323–51 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 773 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 774 1 doi:10.2307/2951599 doi:10.2307/2951599 FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 774 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 775 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 775 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 775 3 2951599 2951599 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 775 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 776 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 776 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 776 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 776 4 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 776 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 776 6 Oded Oded NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 776 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 776 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 776 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 776 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 777 1 Unified Unified NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 777 2 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 777 3 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 777 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 778 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 778 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 778 3 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 778 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 778 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 778 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 779 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 779 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 779 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 779 4 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 779 5 O. O. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 779 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 779 7 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 779 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 779 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 779 10 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 779 11 Stagnation Stagnation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 779 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 779 13 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 779 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 779 15 Unified unified JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 779 16 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 779 17 Theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 779 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 779 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 780 1 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 780 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 780 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 780 4 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 780 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 780 6 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 780 7 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 780 8 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 780 9 S1574 S1574 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 780 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 780 11 0684(05)01004-X 0684(05)01004-X NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 780 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 780 13 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 780 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 780 15 Oded Oded NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 780 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 780 17 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 780 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 780 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 781 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 781 2 Inequality Inequality NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 781 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 781 4 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 781 5 Capital Capital NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 781 6 Formation Formation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 781 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 781 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 781 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 781 10 Process Process NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 781 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 781 12 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 781 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 781 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 782 1 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 782 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 782 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 782 4 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 782 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 782 6 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 782 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 783 1 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 783 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 784 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 784 2 Berg Berg NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 784 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 784 4 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 784 5 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 784 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 784 7 Ostry Ostry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 784 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 784 9 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 784 10 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 784 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 784 12 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 784 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 784 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 785 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 785 2 Equality Equality NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 785 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 785 4 Efficiency Efficiency NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 785 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 785 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 786 1 Finance finance NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 786 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 786 3 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 786 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 787 1 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 787 2 Monetary Monetary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 787 3 Fund Fund NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 787 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 788 1 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 788 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 788 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 788 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 788 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 789 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 789 2 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 789 3 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 789 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 789 5 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 789 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 790 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 790 2 Berg Berg NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 790 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 790 4 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 790 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 790 6 Ostry Ostry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 790 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 790 8 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 790 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 790 10 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 790 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 790 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 791 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 791 2 Inequality Inequality NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 791 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 791 4 Unsustainable unsustainable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 791 5 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 791 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 791 7 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 791 8 Sides side NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 791 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 791 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 791 11 Same Same NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 791 12 Coin Coin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 791 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 791 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 792 1 IMF IMF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 792 2 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 792 3 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 792 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 793 1 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 793 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 793 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 793 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 793 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 793 6 792–815 792–815 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 793 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 794 1 doi:10.1057 doi:10.1057 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 794 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 794 3 s41308 s41308 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 794 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 794 5 017 017 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 794 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 794 7 0030 0030 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 794 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 794 9 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 794 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 795 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 795 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 795 3 13027248 13027248 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 795 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 796 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 796 2 Kaldor Kaldor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 796 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 796 4 Nicoals Nicoals NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 796 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 796 6 1955 1955 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 796 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 796 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 797 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 797 2 Alternative alternative JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 797 3 Theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 797 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 797 5 Distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 797 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 797 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 798 1 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 798 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 798 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 798 4 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 798 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 799 1 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 799 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 799 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 799 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 799 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 799 6 83–100 83–100 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 799 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 800 1 doi:10.2307/2296292 doi:10.2307/2296292 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 800 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 801 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 801 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 801 3 2296292 2296292 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 801 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 802 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 802 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 802 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 802 4 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 802 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 802 6 Oded ode VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 802 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 802 8 Zeira Zeira NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 802 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 802 10 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 802 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 802 12 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 802 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 802 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 803 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 803 2 Income Income NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 803 3 Distribution Distribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 803 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 803 5 Macroeconomics Macroeconomics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 803 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 803 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 804 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 804 2 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 804 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 804 4 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 804 5 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 804 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 805 1 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 805 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 805 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 805 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 805 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 805 6 35–52 35–52 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 805 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 806 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 806 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 806 3 10.1.1.636.8225 10.1.1.636.8225 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 806 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 806 5 doi:10.2307/2297811 doi:10.2307/2297811 NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 806 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 807 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 807 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 807 3 2297811 2297811 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 807 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 808 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 808 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 808 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 808 4 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 808 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 808 6 Oded ode VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 808 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 808 8 Zeira Zeira NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 808 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 808 10 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 808 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 808 12 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 808 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 808 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 809 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 809 2 Income Income NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 809 3 Distribution Distribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 809 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 809 5 Investment Investment NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 809 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 809 7 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 809 8 Capital Capital NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 809 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 809 10 Macroeconomics Macroeconomics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 809 11 Implications Implications NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 809 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 809 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 810 1 Working Working NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 810 2 Paper Paper NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 810 3 No no NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 810 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 811 1 197 197 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 811 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 811 3 Department Department NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 811 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 811 5 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 811 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 811 7 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 811 8 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 811 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 811 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 812 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 812 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 812 3 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 812 4 Bank Bank NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 812 5 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 812 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 812 7 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 812 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 812 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 813 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 813 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 813 3 Effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 813 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 813 5 Distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 813 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 813 7 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 813 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 813 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 813 10 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 813 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 813 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 814 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 814 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 814 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 814 4 Alesina Alesina NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 814 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 814 6 Alberto Alberto NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 814 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 814 8 Rodrik Rodrik NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 814 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 814 10 Dani Dani NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 814 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 814 12 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 814 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 814 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 815 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 815 2 Distributive distributive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 815 3 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 815 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 815 5 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 815 6 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 815 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 815 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 815 9 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 815 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 815 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 816 1 Quarterly Quarterly NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 816 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 816 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 816 4 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 816 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 817 1 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 817 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 817 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 817 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 817 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 817 6 65–90 65–90 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 817 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 818 1 doi:10.2307/2118470 doi:10.2307/2118470 FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 818 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 819 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 819 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 819 3 2118470 2118470 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 819 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 820 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 820 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 820 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 820 4 Persson Persson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 820 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 820 6 Torsten Torsten NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 820 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 820 8 Tabellini Tabellini NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 820 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 820 10 Guido Guido NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 820 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 820 12 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 820 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 820 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 821 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 821 2 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 821 3 Inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 821 4 Harmful harmful JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 821 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 821 6 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 821 7 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-4485 821 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 821 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 822 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 822 2 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 822 3 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 822 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 823 1 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 823 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 823 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 823 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 823 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 823 6 600–21 600–21 ADD en-wikipedia-org-4485 823 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 824 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 824 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 824 3 2118070 2118070 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 824 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 825 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 825 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 825 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 825 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 825 5 Perotti Perotti NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 825 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 825 7 Roberto Roberto NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 825 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 825 9 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 825 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 825 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 826 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 826 2 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 826 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 826 4 Income Income NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 826 5 Distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 826 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 826 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 826 8 Democracy democracy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 826 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 826 10 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-4485 826 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 826 12 Data Data NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 826 13 Say Say NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 826 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 826 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 827 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 827 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 827 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 827 4 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 827 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 828 1 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 828 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 828 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 828 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 828 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 828 6 149–87 149–87 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 828 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 829 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 829 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 829 3 BF00138861 BF00138861 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 829 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 830 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 830 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 830 3 54670343 54670343 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 830 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 831 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 831 2 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 831 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 831 4 Oded oded JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 831 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 831 6 Moav Moav NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 831 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 831 8 Omer omer NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 831 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 831 10 Vollrath Vollrath NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 831 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 831 12 Dietrich Dietrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 831 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 831 14 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 831 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 831 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 2 Inequality Inequality NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 4 Landownership Landownership NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 7 Emergence Emergence NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 9 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 11 Capital Capital NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 12 Promoting Promoting NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 13 Institutions Institutions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 17 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 18 Divergence Divergence NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 832 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 833 1 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 833 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 833 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 833 4 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 833 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 834 1 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 834 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 834 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 834 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 834 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 834 6 143–179 143–179 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 834 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 835 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 835 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 835 3 j.1467 j.1467 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 835 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 835 5 937X.2008.00506.x 937X.2008.00506.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 835 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 836 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 836 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 836 3 3740999 3740999 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 836 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 837 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 837 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 837 3 23946551 23946551 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 837 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 838 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 838 2 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 838 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 838 4 Oded oded JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 838 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 838 6 Moav Moav NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 838 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 838 8 Omer omer NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 838 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 838 10 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 838 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 838 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 839 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 839 2 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 839 3 Physical Physical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 839 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 839 5 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 839 6 Capital Capital NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 839 7 Accumulation Accumulation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 839 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 839 9 Inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 839 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 839 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 839 12 Process Process NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 839 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 839 14 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 839 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 839 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 840 1 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 840 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 840 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 840 4 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 840 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 841 1 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 841 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 841 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 841 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 841 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 841 6 1001–1026 1001–1026 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 841 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 842 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 842 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 842 3 10.1.1.561.4168 10.1.1.561.4168 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 842 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 842 5 doi:10.1111/0034 doi:10.1111/0034 NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 842 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 842 7 6527.00312 6527.00312 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 842 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 843 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 843 2 Piketty Piketty NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 843 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 843 4 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 843 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 843 6 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 843 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 843 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 844 1 Capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 844 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 844 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 844 4 Twenty Twenty NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 844 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 844 6 first first NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 844 7 Century century NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 844 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 845 1 Brilliance Brilliance NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 845 2 Audio Audio NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 845 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 846 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 846 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 846 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 846 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 846 5 1491534656 1491534656 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 846 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 847 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 847 2 Barro Barro NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 847 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 847 4 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 847 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 848 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 848 2 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 848 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 848 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 849 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 849 2 Inequality Inequality NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 849 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 849 4 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 849 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 849 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 849 7 Panel Panel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 849 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 849 9 Countries Countries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 849 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 849 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 850 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 850 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 850 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 850 4 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 850 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 851 1 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 851 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 851 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 851 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 851 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 851 6 5–32 5–32 NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 851 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 852 1 doi:10.1023 doi:10.1023 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 852 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 852 3 A:1009850119329 A:1009850119329 NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 852 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 853 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 853 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 853 3 2089406 2089406 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 853 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 4 Berg Berg NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 6 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 8 Ostry Ostry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 10 Jonathan Jonathan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 11 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 13 Tsangarides Tsangarides NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 15 Charalambos Charalambos NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 16 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 18 Yakhshilikov Yakhshilikov NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 20 Yorbol Yorbol NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 22 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 854 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 855 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 855 2 Redistribution redistribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 855 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 855 4 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 855 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 855 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 855 7 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 855 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 855 9 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 855 10 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 855 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 855 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 856 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 856 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 856 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 856 4 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 856 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 857 1 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 857 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 857 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 857 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 857 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 857 6 259–305 259–305 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 857 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 858 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 858 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 858 3 s10887 s10887 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 858 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 858 5 017 017 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 858 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 858 7 9150 9150 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 858 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 858 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 858 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 859 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 859 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 859 3 158898163 158898163 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 859 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 860 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 860 2 Herzer Herzer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 860 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 860 4 Dierk Dierk NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 860 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 860 6 Vollmer Vollmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 860 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 860 8 Sebastian Sebastian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 860 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 860 10 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 860 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 860 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 861 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 861 2 Rising rise VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 861 3 top top JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 861 4 incomes income NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 861 5 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 861 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 861 7 raise raise VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 861 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 861 9 tide tide NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 861 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 861 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 862 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 862 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 862 3 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 862 4 Modeling Modeling NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 862 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 863 1 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 863 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 863 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 863 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 863 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 863 6 504–19 504–19 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 863 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 864 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 864 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 864 3 j.jpolmod.2013.02.011 j.jpolmod.2013.02.011 NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 864 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 865 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 865 2 Brückner Brückner NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 865 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 865 4 Markus Markus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 865 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 865 6 Lederman Lederman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 865 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 865 8 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 865 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 865 10 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 865 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 865 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 866 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 866 2 Effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 866 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 866 4 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 866 5 inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 866 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 866 7 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 866 8 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 866 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 866 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 867 1 VOX VOX NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 867 2 CEPR CEPR NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 867 3 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 867 4 Portal Portal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 867 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 868 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 868 2 Brückner Brückner NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 868 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 868 4 Markus Markus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 868 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 868 6 Lederman Lederman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 868 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 868 8 Daniel Daniel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 868 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 868 10 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 868 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 868 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 869 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 869 2 Inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 869 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 869 4 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 869 5 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 869 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 869 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 869 8 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 869 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 869 10 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 869 11 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 869 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 869 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 870 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 870 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 870 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 870 4 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 870 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 871 1 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 871 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 871 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 871 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 871 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 871 6 341–366 341–366 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 871 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 872 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 872 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 872 3 s10887 s10887 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 872 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 872 5 018 018 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 872 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 872 7 9156 9156 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 872 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 872 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 872 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 873 1 hdl:10986/29896 hdl:10986/29896 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 873 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 874 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 874 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 874 3 55619830 55619830 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 874 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 875 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 875 2 Bénabou Bénabou NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 875 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 875 4 Roland Roland NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 875 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 875 6 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 875 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 875 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 876 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 876 2 Inequality Inequality NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 876 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 876 4 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 876 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 876 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 877 1 NBER NBER NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 877 2 Macroeconomics Macroeconomics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 877 3 Annual Annual NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 877 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 878 1 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 878 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 878 3 11–92 11–92 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 878 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 879 1 doi:10.1086/654291 doi:10.1086/654291 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 879 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 880 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 880 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 880 3 154145268 154145268 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 880 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 881 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 881 2 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 881 3 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 881 4 Officer Officer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 881 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 881 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 881 7 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-4485 881 8 Was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 881 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 881 10 U.K. U.K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 881 11 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 881 12 Then then RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 881 13 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-4485 881 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 882 1 MeasuringWorth MeasuringWorth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 882 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 882 3 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 882 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 883 1 URL url NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 883 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 883 3 http://www.measuringworth.com http://www.measuringworth.com ADD en-wikipedia-org-4485 883 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 883 5 ukgdp/ ukgdp/ NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 883 6 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 883 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 883 8 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 883 9 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 883 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 883 11 Quality Quality NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 883 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 883 13 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 883 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 883 15 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 883 16 Threshold Threshold NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 883 17 Hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 883 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 883 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 884 1 CiteSeerX CiteSeerX NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 884 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 884 3 10.1.1.321.4576 10.1.1.321.4576 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 884 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 885 1 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 885 2 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 885 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 885 4 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 885 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 885 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 885 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 885 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4485 885 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 885 10 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 885 11 Pursuit Pursuit NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 885 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 885 13 Happiness Happiness NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 885 14 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 885 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 886 1 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 886 2 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 886 3 Reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 886 4 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-4485 887 1 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-4485 887 2 Does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 887 3 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 887 4 Imply imply VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 887 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 887 6 Policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 887 7 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-4485 887 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 888 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 888 2 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 888 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 888 4 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 888 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 888 6 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 888 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 888 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 888 9 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 888 10 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 888 11 The The NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 888 12 Cato Cato NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 888 13 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 888 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 889 1 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 889 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 889 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 889 4 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 889 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 889 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 889 7 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 889 8 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 889 9 Claire Claire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 889 10 Melamed Melamed NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 889 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 889 12 Renate Renate NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 889 13 Hartwig Hartwig NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 889 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 889 15 Ursula Ursula NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 889 16 Grant Grant NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 889 17 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 889 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 1 Jobs job NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 3 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 5 poverty poverty NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 7 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 8 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 9 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 10 know know VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 12 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 13 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 14 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 15 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 16 know know VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 18 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 19 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 20 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 21 know know VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 890 22 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-4485 891 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 891 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 891 3 Overseas Overseas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 891 4 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 891 5 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 891 6 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 891 7 Drèze Drèze NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 891 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 891 9 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 891 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 891 11 Sen Sen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 891 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 891 13 Amartya Amartya NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 891 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 891 15 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 891 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 891 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 892 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 892 2 uncertain uncertain JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 892 3 glory glory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 892 4 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 892 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 892 6 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 892 7 contradictions contradiction NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 892 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 893 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 893 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 893 3 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 893 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 893 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 893 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 894 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 894 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 894 3 9781400848775 9781400848775 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 894 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 4 Claire Claire NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 5 Melamed Melamed NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 7 Kate Kate NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 8 Higgins Higgins NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 10 Andy Andy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 11 Sumner Sumner NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 13 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 15 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 16 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 19 MDGs MDGs NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 20 Overseas Overseas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 21 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 22 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 23 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 24 Anand Anand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 26 Rahul Rahul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 27 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 28 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 29 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 895 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 896 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 896 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 896 3 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 896 4 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 896 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 896 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 897 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 897 2 Inclusive inclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 897 3 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 897 4 revisited revisit VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 897 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 897 6 Measurement measurement NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 897 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 897 8 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 897 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 897 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 898 1 VoxEU.org VoxEU.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 898 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 899 1 Centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 899 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 899 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 899 4 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 899 5 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 899 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 900 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 900 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 900 3 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 900 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 900 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 901 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 901 2 Anand Anand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 901 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 901 4 Rahul Rahul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 901 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 901 6 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 901 7 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 901 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 902 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 902 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 902 3 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 902 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 902 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 903 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 903 2 Inclusive inclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 903 3 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 903 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 903 5 Measurement Measurement NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 903 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 903 7 Determinants Determinants NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 903 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 903 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 903 10 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 903 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 903 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 904 1 IMF IMF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 904 2 Working Working NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 904 3 Paper Paper NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 904 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 905 1 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 905 2 Pacific Pacific NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 905 3 Department Department NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 905 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 905 5 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 905 6 Monetary Monetary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 905 7 Fund Fund NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 905 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 906 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 906 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 906 3 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 906 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 906 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 907 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 907 2 Ranieri Ranieri NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 907 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 907 4 Rafael Rafael NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 907 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 907 6 Ramos Ramos NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 907 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 907 8 Raquel Raquel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 907 9 Almeida Almeida NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 907 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 907 11 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 907 12 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 907 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 907 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 908 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 908 2 Inclusive inclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 908 3 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 908 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 908 5 Building build VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 908 6 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-4485 908 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 908 8 Concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 908 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 908 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 908 11 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 908 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 908 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 909 1 Working Working NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 909 2 Paper Paper NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 909 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 910 1 104 104 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 910 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 911 1 Brazil Brazil NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 911 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 911 3 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 911 4 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 911 5 Centre Centre NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 911 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 911 7 Inclusive Inclusive NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 911 8 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 911 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 912 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 912 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 912 3 1812 1812 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 912 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 912 5 108X. 108x. CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 913 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 913 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 913 3 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 913 4 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 913 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 1 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 2 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 4 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 9 Bourguignon Bourguignon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 11 Francois Francois NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 13 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 14 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 15 Elasticity Elasticity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 17 Poverty Poverty NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 18 Reduction Reduction NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 20 Explaining explain VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 21 Heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 22 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 23 Countries Countries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 25 Time Time NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 26 Periods Periods NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 29 Inequality Inequality NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 31 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 33 Ch Ch NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 914 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 915 1 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 915 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 2 Ravallion Ravallion NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 4 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 8 Inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 10 bad bad JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 13 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 15 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 16 Jenkins Jenkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 18 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 19 Micklewright Micklewright NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 22 eds eds XX en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 916 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 917 1 Inequality inequality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 917 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 917 3 Poverty Poverty NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 917 4 Re Re NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 917 5 - - , en-wikipedia-org-4485 917 6 examined examine VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 917 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 917 8 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 917 9 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 917 10 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 917 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 917 12 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 917 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 918 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 918 2 Elena Elena NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 918 3 Ianchovichina Ianchovichina NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 918 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 918 5 Susanna Susanna NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 918 6 Lundstrom Lundstrom NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 918 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 918 8 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 918 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 2 Inclusive inclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 3 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 4 analytics analytic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 6 Framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 8 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 11 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 12 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 13 Working Working NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 14 Paper Paper NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 15 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 16 4851 4851 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 19 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 20 Bank Bank NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 919 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 920 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 920 2 Donella Donella NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 920 3 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 920 4 Meadows Meadows NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 920 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 920 6 Jorgen Jorgen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 920 7 Randers Randers NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 920 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 920 9 Dennis Dennis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 920 10 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 920 11 Meadows Meadows NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 920 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 921 1 Limits limit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 921 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 921 3 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 921 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 921 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 921 6 30-Year 30-year CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 921 7 Update Update NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 921 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 922 1 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 922 2 River River NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 922 3 Junction Junction NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 922 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 922 5 Vermont Vermont NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 922 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 922 7 Chelsea Chelsea NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 922 8 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 922 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 922 10 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 922 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 923 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 923 2 Allan Allan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 923 3 Schnaiberg Schnaiberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 923 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 924 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 924 2 Environment Environment NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 924 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 924 4 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 924 5 Surplus Surplus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 924 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 924 7 Scarcity Scarcity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 924 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 925 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 925 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 925 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 925 4 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 925 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 925 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 925 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 926 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 926 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 926 3 Charter Charter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 926 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 926 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 926 6 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 926 7 Greens Greens NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 926 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 926 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 926 10 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 926 11 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 926 12 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 926 13 charter charter NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 926 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 926 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 927 1 Global Global NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 927 2 Greens Greens NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 927 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 928 1 Dakar Dakar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 928 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 929 1 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 929 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 930 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 930 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 930 3 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 930 4 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 930 5 species specie NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 930 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 930 7 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 930 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 930 9 extinction extinction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 930 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 930 11 UN UN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 930 12 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 930 13 warns warn VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 930 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 930 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 931 1 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 931 2 Geographic Geographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 931 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 932 1 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 932 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 932 3 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 932 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 933 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 933 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 933 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 933 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 933 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 3 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 4 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 5 undergo undergo VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 6 huge huge JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 7 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 9 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 10 transformation transformation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 12 save save VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 13 future future NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 15 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 16 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 18 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 19 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 20 finds find VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 934 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 935 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 935 2 Independent Independent NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 935 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 936 1 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 936 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 936 3 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 936 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 937 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 937 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 937 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 937 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 937 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 938 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 938 2 McKenzie McKenzie NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 938 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 938 4 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 938 5 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 938 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 938 7 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 938 8 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 938 9 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 938 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 938 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 939 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 939 2 Loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 939 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 939 4 Biodiversity biodiversity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 939 5 Puts put VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 939 6 Current Current NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 939 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 939 8 Future Future NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 939 9 Generations Generations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 939 10 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 939 11 Risk Risk NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 939 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 939 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 940 1 Inter Inter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 940 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 940 3 Service Service NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 940 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 941 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 941 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 941 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 941 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 941 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 3 Ultimate Ultimate NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 4 Resource Resource NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 6 Julian Julian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 7 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 9 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 10 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 11 Ripple Ripple NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 13 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 14 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 16 Wolf Wolf NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 18 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 20 Newsome Newsome NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 22 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 23 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 25 Barnard Barnard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 27 Phoebe Phoebe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 28 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 29 Moomaw Moomaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 31 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 32 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 33 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 34 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 35 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 37 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 942 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 943 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 943 2 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 943 3 Scientists Scientists NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 943 4 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 943 5 Warning warning NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 943 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 943 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 943 8 Climate Climate NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 943 9 Emergency Emergency NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 943 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 943 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 944 1 BioScience BioScience NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 944 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 945 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 945 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 945 3 biosci biosci NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 945 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 945 5 biz088 biz088 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 945 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 946 1 hdl:1808/30278 hdl:1808/30278 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 946 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 947 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 947 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 947 3 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 947 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 947 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 947 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 948 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 948 2 Carrington Carrington NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 948 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 948 4 Damian Damian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 948 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 948 6 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 948 7 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 948 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 948 9 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 948 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 948 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 949 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 949 2 Climate climate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 949 3 crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 949 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 949 5 11,000 11,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 949 6 scientists scientist NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 949 7 warn warn VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 949 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 949 9 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 949 10 untold untold JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 949 11 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 949 12 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 949 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 949 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 950 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 950 2 Guardian Guardian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 950 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 951 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 951 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 951 3 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 951 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 951 5 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 951 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 952 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 952 2 Stern Stern NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 952 3 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 952 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 952 5 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 952 6 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 952 7 Stabilization Stabilization NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 952 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 953 1 Table table NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 953 2 7.1 7.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 953 3 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 953 4 168 168 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 953 5 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4485 953 6 Garrett Garrett NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 953 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 953 8 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 953 9 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 954 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 954 2 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 954 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 954 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 955 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 955 2 Are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 955 3 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-4485 955 4 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 955 5 physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 955 6 constraints constraint NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 955 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 955 8 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 955 9 anthropogenic anthropogenic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 955 10 emissions emission NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 955 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 955 12 carbon carbon NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 955 13 dioxide dioxide NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 955 14 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-4485 955 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 955 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 956 1 Climatic climatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 956 2 Change change NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 956 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 957 1 104 104 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 957 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 957 3 3–4 3–4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 957 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 957 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 957 6 437 437 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 957 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 957 8 arXiv:0811.1855 arXiv:0811.1855 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 957 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 957 10 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 957 11 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 957 12 s10584 s10584 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 957 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 957 14 009 009 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 957 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 957 16 9717 9717 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 957 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 957 18 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 957 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 958 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 958 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 958 3 5287353 5287353 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 958 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 959 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 959 2 Stern Stern NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 959 3 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 959 4 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 959 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 959 6 Climate Climate NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 959 7 Change Change NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 959 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 960 1 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 960 2 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 960 3 Stabilization Stabilization NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 960 4 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 960 5 183 183 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 960 6 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4485 960 7 Jaccard Jaccard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 960 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 960 9 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 960 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 960 11 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 960 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 960 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 961 1 Sustainable Sustainable NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 961 2 Fossil Fossil NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 961 3 Fuels Fuels NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 961 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 962 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 962 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 962 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 962 4 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 962 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 962 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 962 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 963 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 963 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 963 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 963 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 963 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 963 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 963 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 963 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 963 9 67979 67979 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 963 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 963 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 963 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 964 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 964 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 964 3 Examination examination NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 964 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 964 5 Witnesses Witnesses NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 964 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 964 7 Questions question NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 964 8 32–39 32–39 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 964 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 964 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 964 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 965 1 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 965 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 965 3 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 965 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 966 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 966 2 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 966 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 966 4 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 966 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 966 6 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 966 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 967 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 967 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 967 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 967 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 967 5 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 967 6 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 967 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 967 8 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 967 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 967 10 Productivity Productivity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 967 11 - - , en-wikipedia-org-4485 967 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 967 13 Long Long NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 967 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 967 15 Run Run NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 967 16 Possibilities Possibilities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 967 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 967 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 968 1 Oswego.edu Oswego.edu NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 968 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 969 1 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 969 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 969 3 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 969 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 969 5 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 969 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 970 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 970 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 970 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 970 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 970 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 970 6 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 970 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 970 8 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 970 9 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 970 10 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 970 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 971 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 971 2 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 971 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 971 4 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 971 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 971 6 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 971 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 972 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 972 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 972 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 972 4 Bailey Bailey NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 972 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 972 6 Ronald Ronald NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 972 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 972 8 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 972 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 972 10 02 02 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 972 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 972 12 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 972 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 972 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 973 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 973 2 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 973 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 973 4 Public Public NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 973 5 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 973 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 973 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 974 1 Reason.com Reason.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 974 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 975 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 975 2 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 975 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 975 4 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 975 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 975 6 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 975 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 976 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 976 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 976 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 976 4 Regis Regis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 976 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 976 6 Ed Ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 976 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 977 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 977 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 977 3 Doomslayer Doomslayer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 977 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 977 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 978 1 Wired wire VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 978 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 979 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 979 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 979 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 979 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 979 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 979 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 979 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 979 8 05 05 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 979 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 979 10 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 979 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 980 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 980 2 Wells Wells NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 980 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 980 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 980 5 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 981 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 981 2 1891 1891 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 981 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 981 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 982 1 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 982 2 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 982 3 Changes Changes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 982 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 982 5 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 982 6 Effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 982 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 982 8 Production production NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 982 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 982 10 Distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 982 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 982 12 Wealth Wealth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 982 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 982 14 Well Well NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 982 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 982 16 Being being NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 982 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 982 18 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 982 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 983 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 983 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 983 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 983 4 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 983 5 Appleton Appleton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 983 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 983 7 Co. Co. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 983 8 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 983 9   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 983 10 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 983 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 983 12 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 983 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 983 14 543 543 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 983 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 983 16 72474 72474 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 983 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 983 18 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 983 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 984 1 Opening open VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 984 2 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 984 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 984 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 984 5 Preface Preface NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 984 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 985 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 985 2 Smil Smil NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 985 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 985 4 Vaclav Vaclav NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 985 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 985 6 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 985 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 985 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 986 1 Enriching enrich VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 986 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 986 3 Earth Earth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 986 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 986 5 Fritz Fritz NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 986 6 Haber Haber NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 986 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 986 8 Carl Carl NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 986 9 Bosch Bosch NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 986 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 986 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 986 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 986 13 Transformation Transformation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 986 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 986 15 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 986 16 Food Food NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 986 17 Production Production NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 986 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 987 1 MIT MIT NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 987 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 987 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 988 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 988 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 988 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 988 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 988 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 988 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 988 7 262 262 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 988 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 988 9 69313 69313 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 988 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 988 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 988 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 989 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 989 2 Hall Hall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 989 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 989 4 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 989 5 A.S. A.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 989 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 989 7 Cleveland Cleveland NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 989 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 989 9 Cutler Cutler NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 989 10 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 989 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 989 12 Kaufmann Kaufmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 989 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 989 14 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 989 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 989 16 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 989 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 989 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 990 1 Energy Energy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 990 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 990 3 Resource Resource NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 990 4 Quality Quality NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 990 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 990 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 990 7 ecology ecology NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 990 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 990 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 990 10 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 990 11 Process Process NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 990 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 991 1 Niwot Niwot NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 991 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 991 3 Colorado Colorado NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 991 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 991 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 991 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 991 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 991 8 Colorado Colorado NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 991 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 992 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 992 2 Lyon Lyon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 992 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 992 4 Christioher Christioher NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 992 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 992 6 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 992 7 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 992 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 992 9 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 992 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 992 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 993 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 993 2 Declining Declining NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 993 3 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 993 4 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 993 5 copper copper NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 993 6 ore ore NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 993 7 grades grade NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 993 8 require require VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 993 9 ingenuity ingenuity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 993 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 993 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 994 1 Mining Mining NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 994 2 Weekly Weekly NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 994 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 995 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 995 2 Bartlett Bartlett NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 995 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 995 4 Albert Albert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 995 5 Allen Allen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 995 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 995 7 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 995 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 995 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 996 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 996 2 Arithmetic arithmetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 996 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 996 4 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 996 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 996 6 Energy Energy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 996 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 996 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 997 1 albartlett.org albartlett.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 997 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 998 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 998 2 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 998 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 998 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 998 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 998 6 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 998 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 999 1 You -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-4485 999 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 999 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 999 4 sustain sustain VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 999 5 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 999 6 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 999 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 999 8 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 999 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 999 10 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 999 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 999 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 999 13 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 999 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 999 15 consumption consumption NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 999 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 999 17 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 999 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1000 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1000 2 Murphy Murphy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1000 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1000 4 Tom Tom NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1000 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1000 6 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1000 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 1000 8 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1000 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1000 10 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1000 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1000 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1001 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 1001 2 Galactic galactic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1001 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1001 4 Scale Scale NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1001 5 Energy Energy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1001 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 1001 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1002 1 Do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1002 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1002 3 Math math NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1002 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 2 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 4 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 6 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 8 continued continue VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 9 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 11 energy energy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 12 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 13 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 14 physically physically RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 15 impossible impossible JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 16 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 17 conceivable conceivable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 18 timeframes timeframe NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 19 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 20 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 21 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 22 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 23 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 24 similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 25 end end VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 1003 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1004 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1004 2 Hayward Hayward NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1004 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1004 4 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1004 5 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1004 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 1004 7 That That NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1004 8 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1004 9 Time Time NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1004 10 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1004 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 1004 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1005 1 AEI AEI NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1005 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1006 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1006 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1006 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1006 4 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1006 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1006 6 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1006 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1006 8 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1006 9 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 1006 10 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1006 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1007 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1007 2 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1007 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 1007 4 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1007 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 1007 6 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1007 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1008 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1008 2 Turner Turner NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1008 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1008 4 Graham Graham NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1008 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1009 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1009 2 Comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1009 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1009 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1009 5 Limits Limits NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1009 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1009 7 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1009 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1009 9 Thirty thirty CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1009 10 Years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1009 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1009 12 Reality reality NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1009 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1010 1 CSIRO CSIRO NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1010 2 Working Working NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1010 3 Paper Paper NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1010 4 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1010 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1010 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1010 7 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1010 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1010 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1011 1 Available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1011 2 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1011 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1011 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 1011 5 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1011 6 copy copy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1011 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 1011 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1011 9 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1011 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1011 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1012 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1012 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1012 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1012 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1012 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1012 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1012 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1012 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1012 9 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1012 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 1012 11 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1012 12 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 1012 13 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1012 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 2 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 4 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 6 20.CS1 20.cs1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 7 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 9 archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 10 copy copy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 12 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 14 link link NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 16 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 17 Hall Hall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 19 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 21 Day Day NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1013 23 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1014 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1014 2 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1014 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1014 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1015 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 1015 2 Revisiting revisit VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 1015 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1015 4 Limits limit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1015 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1015 6 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1015 7 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1015 8 Peak Peak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1015 9 Oil Oil NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1015 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 1015 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1016 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1016 2 Scientist Scientist NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1016 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1017 1 97 97 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1017 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1017 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1017 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1017 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1017 6 230–8 230–8 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1017 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1018 1 doi:10.1511/2009.78.230 doi:10.1511/2009.78.230 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1018 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1019 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1019 2 Meadows Meadows NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1019 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1019 4 D d NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1019 5 H h NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1019 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1019 7 Randers rander NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1019 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1019 9 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1019 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1019 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1020 1 Limits limit NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1020 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1020 3 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1020 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1020 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1020 6 30-Year 30-year CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1020 7 Update Update NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1020 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1021 1 Chelsea Chelsea NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1021 2 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1021 3 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1021 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1022 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1022 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1022 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1022 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1022 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1022 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1022 7 931498 931498 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1022 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1022 9 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1022 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 1022 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1022 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1023 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-4485 1023 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 1023 3 Overshoot Overshoot NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1023 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 1023 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1023 6 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1023 7 Catton Catton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1023 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1023 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1023 10 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1023 11 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1023 12 1980 1980 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1023 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1023 14 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1023 15 Garrett Garrett NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1023 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1023 17 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1023 18 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1024 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1024 2 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1024 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1024 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1025 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 1025 2 Long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1025 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1025 4 run run VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1025 5 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1025 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1025 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1025 8 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1025 9 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1025 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1025 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1025 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1026 1 Physical physical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1026 2 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1026 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 1026 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1027 1 Earth Earth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1027 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1027 3 Future future NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1027 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1028 1 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1028 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1028 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1028 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1028 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1028 6 127 127 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1028 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1028 8 arXiv:1306.3554 arXiv:1306.3554 NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1028 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1029 1 Bibcode:2014EaFut bibcode:2014eafut NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1029 2 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1029 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1029 4 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1029 5 127G. 127g. CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1030 1 doi:10.1002/2013EF000171 doi:10.1002/2013EF000171 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1030 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1031 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1031 2 Landes Landes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1031 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1031 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1031 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1032 1 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1032 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1032 3 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1032 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1032 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1033 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1033 2 Unbound Unbound NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1033 3 Prometheus prometheus NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1033 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1033 5 Technological technological JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1033 6 Change Change NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1033 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1033 8 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1033 9 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1033 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1033 11 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1033 12 Europe Europe NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1033 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1033 14 1750 1750 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1033 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1033 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1033 17 Present Present NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1033 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1034 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1034 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1034 3 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1034 4 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1034 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1034 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1034 7 Syndicate Syndicate NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1034 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1034 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1034 10 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1034 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1034 12 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1034 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1035 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1035 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1036 1 289 289 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1036 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1036 3 293 293 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1036 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1037 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1037 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1037 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1037 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1037 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1037 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1037 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1037 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1037 9 09418 09418 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1037 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1037 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1037 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1038 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1038 2 Devine Devine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1038 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1038 4 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1038 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1038 6 Warren Warren NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1038 7 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1038 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1038 9 1983 1983 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1038 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1038 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1039 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 1039 2 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1039 3 Shafts Shafts NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1039 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1039 5 Wires wire NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1039 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1039 7 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1039 8 Perspective Perspective NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1039 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1039 10 Electrification Electrification NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1039 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 1039 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1040 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1040 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1040 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1040 4 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1040 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1041 1 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1041 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1041 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1041 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1041 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1041 6 347–372 347–372 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1041 7 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1041 8 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1041 9 355 355 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1041 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1041 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1042 1 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1042 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 1042 3 S0022050700029673 S0022050700029673 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1042 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 2 Committee Committee NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 4 Electricity Electricity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 6 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 7 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 8 Energy Energy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 9 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 10 Board Board NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 11 Commission Commission NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 13 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 15 Technical Technical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 16 Systems Systems NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 17 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 18 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 19 Council Council NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 21 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1043 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1044 1 Electricity electricity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1044 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1044 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1044 4 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1044 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1045 1 Washington Washington NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1045 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1045 3 DC DC NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1045 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1045 5 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1045 6 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1045 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1045 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1046 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1046 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1047 1 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1047 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1047 3 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1047 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1048 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1048 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1048 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1048 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1048 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1048 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1048 7 309 309 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1048 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1048 9 03677 03677 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1048 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1048 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1048 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1049 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1049 2 Paepke Paepke NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1049 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1049 4 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1049 5 Owen Owen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1049 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1049 7 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1049 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1049 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1050 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1050 2 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1050 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1050 4 Progress Progress NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1050 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1050 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1050 7 End end NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1050 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1050 9 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1050 10 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1050 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1050 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1050 13 Beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1050 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1050 15 Human Human NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1050 16 Transformation Transformation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1050 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1051 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1051 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1051 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1051 4 Toronto Toronto NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1051 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1051 6 Random Random NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1051 7 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1051 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1052 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1052 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1052 3 109 109 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1052 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1053 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1053 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1053 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1053 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1053 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1053 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1053 7 679 679 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1053 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1053 9 41582 41582 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1053 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-4485 1053 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1053 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1054 1 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1054 2 reading[edit reading[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1054 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1054 4 Acemoglu Acemoglu NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1054 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1054 6 Daron Daron NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1054 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1054 8 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1054 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1054 10 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1054 11 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1055 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1055 2 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1055 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1055 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1056 1 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 1056 2 Nations Nations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1056 3 Fail Fail NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1056 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1056 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1056 6 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1056 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1056 8 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1056 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1056 10 Prosperity Prosperity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1056 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1056 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1056 13 Poverty poverty NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1056 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1057 1 Crown Crown NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1057 2 Business Business NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1057 3 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1057 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1057 5 Random Random NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1057 6 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1057 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1058 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1058 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1058 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1058 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1058 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1058 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1058 7 307 307 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1058 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1058 9 71922 71922 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1058 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1058 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1058 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1059 1 Argyrous Argyrous NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1059 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1059 3 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1059 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1059 5 Forstater Forstater NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1059 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1059 7 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1059 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1059 9 Mongiovi Mongiovi NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1059 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1059 11 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1060 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1060 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1060 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1060 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1061 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1061 2 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1061 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1061 4 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1061 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1061 6 Distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1061 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1061 8 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1061 9 Effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1061 10 Demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1061 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1061 12 Essays essay NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1061 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1061 14 Honor Honor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1061 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1061 16 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1061 17 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1061 18 Nell Nell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1061 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1062 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1062 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1062 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1062 4 M.E. M.E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1063 1 Sharpe Sharpe NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1063 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1064 1 Barro Barro NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1064 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1064 3 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1064 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1065 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1065 2 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1065 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1065 4 Determinants determinant NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1065 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1065 6 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1065 7 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1065 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1065 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1065 10 Cross Cross NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1065 11 - - NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1065 12 Country Country NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1065 13 Empirical Empirical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1065 14 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1065 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1066 1 MIT MIT NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1066 2 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1066 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1066 4 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1066 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1066 6 MA MA NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1066 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1067 1 Galor Galor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1067 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1067 3 O. o. NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1068 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1068 2 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1068 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1068 4 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1068 5 Stagnation Stagnation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1068 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1068 7 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1068 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1068 9 Unified unified JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1068 10 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1068 11 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1068 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1069 1 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1069 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1069 3 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1069 4 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1069 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1069 6 Elsevier Elsevier NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1069 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1070 1 Halevi Halevi NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1070 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1070 3 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1070 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1070 5 Laibman Laibman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1070 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1070 7 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1070 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1070 9 Nell Nell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1070 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1070 11 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1070 12 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1071 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1071 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1071 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1071 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 2 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 4 Beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 6 Steady steady JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 7 State state NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 9 Essays essay NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 12 Revival Revival NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 14 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 15 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 17 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 20 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 22 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 24 Hickel Hickel NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 26 Jason Jason NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 28 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1072 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1073 1 Less Less JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 1073 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1073 3 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 1073 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1073 5 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 1073 6 Degrowth degrowth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1073 7 Will Will MD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1073 8 Save save VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 1073 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1073 10 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1073 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1074 1 Penguin Penguin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1074 2 Random Random NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1074 3 House House NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1074 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1075 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1075 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1075 3 9781785152498 9781785152498 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1075 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1076 1 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1076 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1076 3 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1076 4 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1077 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1077 2 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1077 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1077 4 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1077 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1077 6 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1077 7 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1077 8 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1077 9 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1077 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 1 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 2 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 3 Norton Norton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 4 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 5 Company Company NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 7 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 8 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 10 N.Y. New York NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 11 Lucas Lucas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 13 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 14 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 16 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 18 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 20 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 21 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 22 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 24 Past Past NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 26 Future Future NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 28 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 29 Reserve Reserve NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 30 Bank Bank NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 32 Minneapolis Minneapolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 34 Annual Annual NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 35 Report Report NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 36 online online JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 37 edition edition NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 38 Schumpeter Schumpeter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 40 Jospeph Jospeph NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1078 41 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 2 1912 1912 LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 5 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 7 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 8 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 9 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 10 reprint reprint NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 12 Transaction Transaction NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 13 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 14 Weil Weil NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 16 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 17 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 19 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 21 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 22 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 23 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 24 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1079 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1080 1 Addison Addison NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1080 2 Wesley Wesley NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1080 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 1 External External NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 2 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 4 Wikiquote Wikiquote NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 6 quotations quotation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 7 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 10 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 11 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 12 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 14 lectures[edit lectures[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 17 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 18 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1081 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 1082 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1082 2 Britannic Britannic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1082 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1083 1 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1083 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1084 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1084 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1084 3 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1084 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1085 1 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1085 2 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1085 3 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1085 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1086 1 Beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1086 2 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1086 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1086 4 Keynesian Keynesian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1086 5 Macroeconomic Macroeconomic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1086 6 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1086 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1087 1 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1087 2 Romer Romer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1087 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1087 4 plain plain JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1087 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1087 6 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1087 7 explanation explanation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1087 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1087 9 endogenous endogenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1087 10 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1087 11 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1087 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 1 CEPR CEPR NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 2 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 3 Seminar Seminar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 4 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 5 Two Two NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 6 seminars seminar NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 9 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 11 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 13 economists economist NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 14 Dean Dean NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 15 Baker Baker NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 17 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 18 Weisbrot Weisbrot NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 19 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 20 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 21 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 22 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 24 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 25 Luiten Luiten NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 26 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 27 Zanden Zanden NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1088 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1089 1 Explores explore VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1089 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1089 3 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1089 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1089 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1089 6 inevitability inevitability NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1089 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1089 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1089 9 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1089 10 Revolution Revolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1089 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 2 Economist Economist NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 3 Has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 4 No no DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 5 Clothes clothe NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 6 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 7 essay essay VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 9 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 10 Nadeau Nadeau NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 12 Scientific Scientific NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 13 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 16 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 17 assumptions assumption NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 18 behind behind IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 19 current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 20 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 21 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 22 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 23 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 24 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1090 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1091 1 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1091 2 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1091 3 dedicated dedicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1091 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1091 5 helping help VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 1091 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1091 7 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 1091 8 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1091 9 realize realize VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 1091 10 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1091 11 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1091 12 potential potential NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1091 13 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1091 14 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1091 15 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1091 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1092 1 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-4485 1092 2 Does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1092 3 Growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1092 4 Keep keep VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 1092 5 Slowing slow VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 1092 6 Down down RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 1092 7 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 1 St. St. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 2 Louis Louis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 3 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 4 Reserve Reserve NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 5 Bank Bank NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 6 Data[edit data[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 8 Angus Angus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 9 Maddison Maddison NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 11 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 12 Dataseries Dataseries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 13 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 14 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 16 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 17 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 18 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 20 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 22 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 24 GDP gdp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 25 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 26 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 29 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 30 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 31 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 33 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1093 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 1 OECD oecd VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 2 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 3 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 4 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 5 Multinational multinational JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 6 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 7 sets set NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 8 - - , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 9 easy easy JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 11 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 12 dataset dataset NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 13 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 14 GDP GDP NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 16 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 17 capita capita NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 19 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 22 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 24 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 26 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 28 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1094 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1095 1 Updated update VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1095 2 regularly regularly RB en-wikipedia-org-4485 1095 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 1 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 2 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 3 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 4 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 5 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 6 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 7 Political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 8 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 9 Applied applied JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 10 economics economic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 11 Methodology Methodology NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 12 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 13 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 14 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 15 systems system NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 16 Microfoundations microfoundation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 17 Mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 18 economics economic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 19 Econometrics Econometrics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 20 Computational Computational NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 21 economics economic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 22 Experimental experimental JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 23 economics economic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 24 Publications Publications NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 25 Microeconomics Microeconomics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 26 Aggregation Aggregation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 27 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 28 Budget Budget NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 29 set set VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 30 Consumer Consumer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 31 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 32 Convexity convexity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 33 Cost Cost VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 34 Average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 35 Marginal marginal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 36 Opportunity opportunity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 37 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 38 Sunk Sunk NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 39 Transaction Transaction NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 40 Cost cost NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 41 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 42 benefit benefit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 43 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 44 Deadweight Deadweight NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 45 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 46 Distribution Distribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 47 Economies Economies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 49 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 50 Economies economy NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 52 scope scope NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 53 Elasticity Elasticity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 54 Equilibrium Equilibrium NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 55 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 56 Externality Externality NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 57 Firm Firm NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 58 Goods Goods NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 60 services service NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 61 Goods Goods NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 62 Service Service NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 63 Indifference Indifference NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 64 curve curve NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 65 Interest Interest NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 66 Intertemporal Intertemporal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 67 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 68 Market Market NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 69 Market Market NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 70 failure failure NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 71 Market market NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 72 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 73 Competition Competition NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 74 Monopolistic monopolistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 75 Perfect Perfect NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 76 Monopoly Monopoly NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 77 Bilateral Bilateral NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 78 Monopsony Monopsony NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 79 Oligopoly Oligopoly NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 80 Oligopsony Oligopsony NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 81 Non Non NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 82 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 83 convexity convexity JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 84 Pareto Pareto NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 85 efficiency efficiency NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 86 Preference Preference NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 87 Price Price NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 88 Production Production NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 89 set set VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 90 Profit Profit NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 91 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 92 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 93 Rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 94 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 95 profit profit NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 96 Rationing ration VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 97 Rent rent NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 98 Returns return NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 99 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 100 scale scale VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 101 Risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 102 aversion aversion NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 103 Scarcity Scarcity NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 104 Shortage Shortage NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 105 Surplus surplus JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 106 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 107 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 108 Supply supply NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 109 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 110 demand demand VB en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 111 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 112 Uncertainty Uncertainty NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 113 Utility utility NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 114 Expected expect VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 115 Marginal Marginal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 116 Value Value NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 117 Wage Wage NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 118 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 119 Macroeconomics Macroeconomics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 120 Aggregate aggregate JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 121 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 122 Balance balance NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 123 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 124 payments payment NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 125 Business business NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 126 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 127 Capacity capacity NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 128 utilization utilization NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 129 Capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 130 flight flight NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 131 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 132 bank bank NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 133 Consumer Consumer NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 134 confidence confidence NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 135 Currency Currency NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 136 Deflation Deflation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 137 Demand Demand NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 138 shock shock NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 139 Depression depression NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 140 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 141 Disinflation Disinflation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 142 DSGE DSGE VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 143 Effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 144 demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 145 Expectations Expectations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 146 Adaptive Adaptive NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 147 Rational Rational NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 148 Fiscal fiscal JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 149 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 150 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 151 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 152 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 153 Keynes Keynes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 154 Growth Growth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 155 Indicators Indicators NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 156 Inflation Inflation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 157 Hyperinflation Hyperinflation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 158 Interest Interest NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 159 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 160 Investment investment NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 161 IS be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 162 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 163 LM LM NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 164 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 165 Measures measure NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 166 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 167 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 168 income income NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 169 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 170 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 171 Models Models NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 172 Money Money NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 173 Creation Creation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 174 Demand demand NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 175 Supply Supply NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 176 Monetary monetary JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 177 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 178 NAIRU NAIRU NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 179 National national JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 180 accounts account VBZ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 181 Price price NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 182 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 183 PPP ppp NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 184 Recession recession NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 185 Saving Saving NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 186 Shrinkflation Shrinkflation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 187 Stagflation Stagflation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 188 Supply Supply NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 189 shock shock NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 190 Unemployment Unemployment NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 191 Publications Publications NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 192 Mathematical Mathematical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 193 economics economic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 194 Contract contract NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 195 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 196 Decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 197 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 198 Econometrics Econometrics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 199 Game Game NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 200 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 201 Input input NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 202 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 203 output output NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 204 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 205 Mathematical mathematical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 206 finance finance NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 207 Mechanism Mechanism NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 208 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 209 Operations operation NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 210 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 211 Applied Applied NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 212 fields field NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 213 Agricultural Agricultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 214 Business Business NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 215 Demographic Demographic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 216 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 217 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 218 geography geography NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 219 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 220 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 221 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 222 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 223 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 224 Civil Civil NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 225 Engineering Engineering NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 226 Environmental Environmental NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 227 Financial Financial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 228 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 229 Industrial Industrial NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 230 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 231 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 232 Knowledge Knowledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 233 Labour Labour NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 234 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 235 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 236 economics economic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 237 Monetary Monetary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 238 Natural Natural NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 239 resource resource NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 240 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 241 planning plan VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 242 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 243 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 244 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 245 economics economic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 246 Public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 247 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 248 Regional Regional NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 249 Service Service NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 250 Socioeconomics Socioeconomics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 251 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 252 sociology sociology NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 253 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 254 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 255 Transportation Transportation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 256 Urban Urban NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 257 Welfare Welfare NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 258 Schools Schools NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 259 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 260 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 261 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 262 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 263 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 264 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 265 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 266 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 267 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 268 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 269 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 270 thought think VBD en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 271 Anarchist Anarchist NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 272 Mutualism Mutualism NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 273 Austrian austrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 274 Behavioral behavioral JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 275 Buddhist buddhist NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 276 Chartalism chartalism NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 277 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 278 Monetary Monetary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 279 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 280 Chicago Chicago NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 281 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 282 Disequilibrium Disequilibrium NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 283 Ecological Ecological NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 284 Evolutionary Evolutionary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 285 Feminist Feminist NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 286 Georgism Georgism NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 287 Heterodox Heterodox NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 288 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 289 Institutional Institutional NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 290 Keynesian Keynesian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 291 Neo- neo- XX en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 292 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 293 neoclassical neoclassical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 294 – – : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 295 Keynesian keynesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 296 synthesis synthesis NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 297 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 298 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 299 Post- Post- NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 300 Circuitism Circuitism NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 301 Mainstream Mainstream NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 302 Malthusianism Malthusianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 303 Marginalism Marginalism NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 304 Marxian Marxian NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 305 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 306 Mercantilism Mercantilism NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 307 Neoclassical Neoclassical NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 308 Lausanne Lausanne NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 309 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 310 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 311 Real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 312 business business NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 313 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 314 cycle cycle NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 315 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 316 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 317 institutional institutional JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 318 Physiocracy Physiocracy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 319 Socialist Socialist NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 320 Stockholm Stockholm NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 321 Supply supply NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 322 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 323 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 324 Thermoeconomics Thermoeconomics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 325 Notable notable JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 326 economists economist NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 327 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 328 thinkers thinker NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 329 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 330 economics economic NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 331 François François NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 332 Quesnay Quesnay NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 333 Adam Adam NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 334 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 335 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 336 Ricardo Ricardo NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 337 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 338 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 339 Malthus Malthus NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 340 Johann Johann NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 341 Heinrich Heinrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 342 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 343 Thünen Thünen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 344 Friedrich Friedrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 345 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 346 Hermann Hermann NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 347 Heinrich Heinrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 348 Gossen Gossen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 349 Jules Jules NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 350 Dupuit Dupuit NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 351 Antoine Antoine NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 352 Augustin Augustin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 353 Cournot Cournot NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 354 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 355 Stuart Stuart NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 356 Mill Mill NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 357 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 358 Marx Marx NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 359 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 360 Stanley Stanley NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 361 Jevons Jevons NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 362 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 363 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 364 Léon Léon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 365 Walras Walras NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 366 Alfred Alfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 367 Marshall Marshall NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 368 Georg Georg NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 369 Friedrich Friedrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 370 Knapp Knapp NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 371 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 372 Ysidro Ysidro NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 373 Edgeworth Edgeworth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 374 Vilfredo Vilfredo NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 375 Pareto Pareto NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 376 Friedrich Friedrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 377 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 378 Wieser Wieser NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 379 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 380 Bates Bates NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 381 Clark Clark NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 382 Thorstein Thorstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 383 Veblen Veblen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 384 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 385 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 386 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 387 Irving Irving NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 388 Fisher Fisher NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 389 Wesley Wesley NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 390 Clair Clair NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 391 Mitchell Mitchell NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 392 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 393 Maynard Maynard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 394 Keynes Keynes NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 395 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 396 Schumpeter Schumpeter NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 397 Arthur Arthur NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 398 Cecil Cecil NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 399 Pigou Pigou NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 400 Frank Frank NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 401 Knight Knight NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 402 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 403 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 404 Neumann Neumann NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 405 Alvin Alvin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 406 Hansen Hansen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 407 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 408 Viner Viner NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 409 Edward Edward NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 410 Chamberlin Chamberlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 411 Ragnar Ragnar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 412 Frisch Frisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 413 Harold Harold NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 414 Hotelling hotelle VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 415 Michał Michał NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 416 Kalecki Kalecki NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 417 Oskar Oskar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 418 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 419 Lange Lange NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 420 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 421 Marschak Marschak NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 422 Gunnar Gunnar NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 423 Myrdal Myrdal NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 424 Abba Abba NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 425 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 426 Lerner Lerner NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 427 Roy Roy NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 428 Harrod Harrod NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 429 Piero Piero NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 430 Sraffa Sraffa NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 431 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 432 Kuznets Kuznets NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 433 Joan Joan NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 434 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 435 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 436 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 437 Schumacher Schumacher NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 438 Friedrich Friedrich NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 439 Hayek Hayek NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 440 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 441 Hicks Hicks NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 442 Tjalling tjalle VBG en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 443 Koopmans Koopmans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 444 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 445 Georgescu Georgescu NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 446 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 447 Roegen Roegen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 448 Wassily Wassily NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 449 Leontief Leontief NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 450 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 451 Kenneth Kenneth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 452 Galbraith Galbraith NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 453 Hyman Hyman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 454 Minsky Minsky NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 455 Herbert Herbert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 456 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 457 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 458 Milton Milton NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 459 Friedman Friedman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 460 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 461 Samuelson Samuelson NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 462 Kenneth Kenneth NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 463 Arrow Arrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 464 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 465 Baumol Baumol NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 466 Gary Gary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 467 Becker Becker NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 468 Elinor Elinor NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 469 Ostrom Ostrom NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 470 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 471 Solow Solow NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 472 Amartya Amartya NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 473 Sen Sen NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 474 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 475 Lucas Lucas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 476 Jr. Jr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 477 Joseph Joseph NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 478 Stiglitz Stiglitz NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 479 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 480 Thaler Thaler NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 481 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 482 Krugman Krugman NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 483 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 484 Piketty Piketty NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 485 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 486 International international JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 487 organizations organization NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 488 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 489 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 490 Pacific Pacific NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 491 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 492 Cooperation Cooperation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 493 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 494 Cooperation Cooperation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 495 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 496 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 497 Free Free NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 498 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 499 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 500 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 501 Monetary Monetary NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 502 Fund Fund NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 503 Organisation Organisation NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 504 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 505 Economic Economic NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 506 Co Co NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 507 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 508 operation operation NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 509 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 510 Development Development NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 511 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 512 Bank Bank NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 513 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 514 Trade Trade NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 515 Organization Organization NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 516 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from IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 538 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 539 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economic_growth&oldid=993858374 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economic_growth&oldid=993858374 NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 540 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 541 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 542 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 543 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 544 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 545 Economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 546 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 547 Macroeconomic macroeconomic JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 548 indicators indicator NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 549 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 550 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 551 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 552 CS1 cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 553 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 554 : : : en-wikipedia-org-4485 1096 555 missing miss 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Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1099 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-4485 1099 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-4485 1099 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1099 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1099 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-4485 1099 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1099 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-4485 1100 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1100 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1100 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1100 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1100 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-4485 1100 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1100 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1100 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1100 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-4485 1100 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1100 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1100 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-4485 1100 13 statement statement NN