id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-860 1 1 Meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 1 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 1 3 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 1 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 1 5 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 1 6 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 1 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 1 8 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 1 9 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 1 10 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 1 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 1 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 1 13 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 1 14 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-860 1 15 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 1 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 1 17 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 1 18 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 1 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 1 20 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-860 1 21 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 1 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 1 23 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-860 1 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 1 25 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 1 26 linguistics linguistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 1 27 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 1 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 1 29 metanalysis metanalysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 1 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 1 31 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-860 1 32 Rebracketing rebrackete VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 1 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 2 1 Graphical graphical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 2 2 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-860 2 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 2 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 2 5 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 2 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 2 7 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 2 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 2 9 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-860 2 10 1,000 1,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 2 11 cases case NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 2 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 2 13 diffuse diffuse NN en-wikipedia-org-860 2 14 intrinsic intrinsic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 2 15 pontine pontine JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 2 16 glioma glioma NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 2 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 2 18 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 2 19 pediatric pediatric JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 2 20 gliomas glioma NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 2 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 2 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 2 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 2 24 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-860 2 25 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-860 2 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 2 27 mutations mutation NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 2 28 involved involve VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 2 29 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-860 2 30 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-860 2 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 2 32 generic generic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 2 33 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 2 34 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 2 35 distilled distil VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 2 36 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 2 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 2 38 underlying underlie VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 2 39 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 2 40 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-860 2 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 3 1 Part part NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 3 4 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 6 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 7 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 9 academic academic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 3 10 fields field NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 3 11 Applied Applied NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 12 sciences sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 3 13 Formal Formal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 14 sciences sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 3 15 Humanities Humanities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 3 16 Natural Natural NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 17 sciences science NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 3 18 Professions Professions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 3 19 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 20 sciences sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 3 21 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 22 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 23 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 24 proposal proposal NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 25 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 26 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 27 Writing Writing NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 28 Argument Argument NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 29 Referencing Referencing NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 30 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 31 Constructivism Constructivism NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 32 Empiricism Empiricism NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 33 Positivism Positivism NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 34 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 3 35 Antipositivism Antipositivism NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 36 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 3 37 Postpositivism Postpositivism NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 38 Realism Realism NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 39 Critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 3 40 realism realism NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 41 Subtle subtle JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 3 42 realism realism NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 43 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 44 strategy strategy NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 45 Interdisciplinary Interdisciplinary NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 46 Multimethodology Multimethodology NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 47 Qualitative Qualitative NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 48 Quantitative Quantitative NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 49 Methodology Methodology NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 50 Action Action NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 51 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 52 Art art NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 53 methodology methodology NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 54 Critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 3 55 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 56 Feminism Feminism NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 57 Grounded ground VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 3 58 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 59 Hermeneutics Hermeneutics NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 60 Historiography Historiography NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 61 Narrative Narrative NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 62 inquiry inquiry NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 63 Phenomenology Phenomenology NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 64 Pragmatism Pragmatism NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 65 Scientific Scientific NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 66 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 67 Methods Methods NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 3 68 Case Case NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 69 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 70 Content Content NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 71 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 72 Descriptive descriptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 3 73 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 3 74 Discourse Discourse NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 75 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 76 Ethnography Ethnography NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 77 Experiment Experiment NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 78 Field Field NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 79 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 80 Quasi quasi JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 3 81 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 3 82 experiment experiment JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 3 83 Field Field NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 84 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 85 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 3 86 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 87 Inferential inferential JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 3 88 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 3 89 Interviews Interviews NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 90 Mapping Mapping NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 91 Cultural Cultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 92 mapping mapping NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 93 Phenomenography Phenomenography NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 94 Secondary secondary JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 3 95 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 96 Bibliometrics Bibliometrics NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 97 Literature Literature NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 98 review review VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 99 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 100 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 3 101 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 102 Scoping Scoping NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 103 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 104 Systematic systematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 3 105 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 106 Scientific Scientific NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 107 modelling modelling NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 108 Simulation Simulation NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 109 Survey Survey NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 110 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 111 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 3 112 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 113 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 114 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 115 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 3 116 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 3 117 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 3 118 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 119 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 3 120 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 3 121 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 3 122 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 123 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 3 124 combines combine VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 3 125 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 3 126 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 3 127 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 3 128 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 3 129 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 3 130 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 3 131 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 4 1 Meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 4 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 4 3 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 4 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 4 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 4 6 performed perform VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 4 7 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 4 8 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-860 4 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 4 10 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 4 11 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 4 12 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 4 13 addressing address VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 4 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 4 15 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 4 16 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-860 4 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 4 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 4 19 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-860 4 20 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 4 21 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 4 22 reporting reporting NN en-wikipedia-org-860 4 23 measurements measurement NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 4 24 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 4 25 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 4 26 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 4 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 4 28 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-860 4 29 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-860 4 30 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-860 4 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 4 32 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-860 4 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 5 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 5 2 aim aim NN en-wikipedia-org-860 5 3 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-860 5 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 5 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 5 6 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-860 5 7 approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 5 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 5 9 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 5 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 5 11 derive derive VB en-wikipedia-org-860 5 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 5 13 pooled pool VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 5 14 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 5 15 closest close JJS en-wikipedia-org-860 5 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 5 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 5 18 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 5 19 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 5 20 truth truth NN en-wikipedia-org-860 5 21 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 5 22 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 5 23 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 5 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 5 25 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-860 5 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 5 27 perceived perceive VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 5 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 6 1 Existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 6 2 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 6 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 6 4 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 6 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 6 6 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 6 7 yield yield NN en-wikipedia-org-860 6 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 6 9 weighted weighted JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 6 10 average average NN en-wikipedia-org-860 6 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 6 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 6 13 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 6 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 6 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 6 16 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 6 17 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 6 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 6 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 6 20 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-860 6 21 differs differ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 6 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 6 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 6 24 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-860 6 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 6 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 6 27 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-860 6 28 weights weight NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 6 29 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 6 30 allocated allocate VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 6 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 6 32 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-860 6 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 6 34 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-860 6 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 6 36 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 6 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 6 38 uncertainty uncertainty NN en-wikipedia-org-860 6 39 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 6 40 computed compute VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 6 41 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-860 6 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 6 43 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-860 6 44 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 6 45 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-860 6 46 generated generate VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 6 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 7 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 7 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-860 7 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 7 4 providing provide VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 7 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 7 6 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 7 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 7 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 7 9 unknown unknown JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 7 10 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 7 11 truth truth NN en-wikipedia-org-860 7 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 7 13 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 7 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 7 15 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 7 16 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 7 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 7 18 capacity capacity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 7 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 7 20 contrast contrast VB en-wikipedia-org-860 7 21 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 7 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 7 23 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 7 24 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 7 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 7 26 identify identify VB en-wikipedia-org-860 7 27 patterns pattern NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 7 28 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-860 7 29 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 7 30 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 7 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 7 32 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 7 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 7 34 disagreement disagreement NN en-wikipedia-org-860 7 35 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-860 7 36 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-860 7 37 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 7 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 7 39 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 7 40 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 7 41 interesting interesting JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 7 42 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 7 43 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 7 44 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 7 45 come come VB en-wikipedia-org-860 7 46 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 7 47 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-860 7 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 7 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 7 50 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-860 7 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 7 52 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 7 53 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 7 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 8 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 8 2 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-860 8 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 8 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 8 5 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 8 6 benefit benefit NN en-wikipedia-org-860 8 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 8 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 8 9 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-860 8 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 8 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 8 12 aggregation aggregation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 8 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 8 14 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-860 8 15 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 8 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 8 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 8 18 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 8 19 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 8 20 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-860 8 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 8 22 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 8 23 robust robust JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 8 24 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-860 8 25 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 8 26 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-860 8 27 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 8 28 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 8 29 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 8 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 8 31 measure measure NN en-wikipedia-org-860 8 32 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 8 33 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 8 34 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-860 8 35 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 8 36 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 8 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 9 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-860 9 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 9 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 9 4 performing perform VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 9 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 9 6 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 9 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 9 8 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 9 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 9 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 9 11 investigator investigator NN en-wikipedia-org-860 9 12 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-860 9 13 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-860 9 14 choices choice NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 9 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 9 16 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 9 17 affect affect VB en-wikipedia-org-860 9 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 9 19 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 9 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 9 21 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 9 22 deciding decide VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 9 23 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 9 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 9 25 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-860 9 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 9 27 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 9 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 9 29 selecting select VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 9 30 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 9 31 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 9 32 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 9 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 9 34 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-860 9 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 9 36 objective objective JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 9 37 criteria criterion NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 9 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 9 39 dealing deal VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 9 40 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 9 41 incomplete incomplete JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 9 42 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 9 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 9 44 analyzing analyze VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 9 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 9 46 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 9 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 9 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 9 49 accounting account VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 9 50 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 9 51 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 9 52 choosing choose VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 9 53 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 9 54 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 9 55 account account VB en-wikipedia-org-860 9 56 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 9 57 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 9 58 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 9 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 10 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 10 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-860 10 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 10 4 Judgment Judgment NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 10 5 calls call NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 10 6 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 10 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 10 8 completing complete VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 10 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 10 10 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 10 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 10 12 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 10 13 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 10 14 affect affect VB en-wikipedia-org-860 10 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 10 16 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 10 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 11 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 11 4 Wanous Wanous NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 11 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 11 6 colleagues colleague NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 11 7 examined examine VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 11 8 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-860 11 9 pairs pair NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 11 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 11 meta meta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 11 13 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 11 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 11 16 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-860 11 17 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 11 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 11 20 a a LS en-wikipedia-org-860 11 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 11 22 job job NN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 23 performance performance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 11 25 satisfaction satisfaction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 26 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 11 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 11 29 b b LS en-wikipedia-org-860 11 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 11 31 realistic realistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 11 32 job job NN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 33 previews preview NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 11 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 11 35 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 11 36 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 11 38 correlates correlate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 11 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 40 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 41 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 11 43 ambiguity ambiguity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 11 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 11 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 11 47 d d LS en-wikipedia-org-860 11 48 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 11 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 11 50 job job NN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 51 satisfaction satisfaction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 11 53 absenteeism absenteeism NN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 54 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 11 56 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 11 57 illustrated illustrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 11 58 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 11 59 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 11 60 judgement judgement NN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 61 calls call NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 11 62 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 63 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 11 64 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 11 65 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 11 66 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 11 67 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 11 68 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 11 69 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 12 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 12 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-860 12 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 12 4 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 12 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 12 6 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 12 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 12 8 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-860 12 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 12 10 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-860 12 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 12 12 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-860 12 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 12 14 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 12 15 components component NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 12 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 12 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 12 18 systematic systematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 12 19 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-860 12 20 procedure procedure NN en-wikipedia-org-860 12 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 13 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 13 2 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 13 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 13 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 13 5 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 13 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 13 7 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 13 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 13 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 13 10 conducted conduct VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 13 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 13 12 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 13 13 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 13 14 trials trial NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 13 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 13 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 13 17 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 13 18 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 13 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 13 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 13 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 13 22 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-860 13 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 13 24 obtain obtain VB en-wikipedia-org-860 13 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 13 26 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 13 27 understanding understanding NN en-wikipedia-org-860 13 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 13 29 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 13 30 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-860 13 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 13 32 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 13 33 works work VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 13 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 14 1 Here here RB en-wikipedia-org-860 14 2 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 14 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 14 4 convenient convenient JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 14 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 14 6 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-860 14 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 14 8 terminology terminology NN en-wikipedia-org-860 14 9 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 14 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 14 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 14 12 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 14 13 Collaboration,[4 Collaboration,[4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 14 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 14 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 14 16 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-860 14 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 14 18 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 14 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 14 20 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 14 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 14 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 14 23 refer refer VB en-wikipedia-org-860 14 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 14 25 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 14 26 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 14 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 14 28 combining combine VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 14 29 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 14 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 14 31 leaving leave VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 14 32 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 14 33 aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 14 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 14 35 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-860 14 36 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 14 37 synthesis synthesis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 14 38 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-860 14 39 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 14 40 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-860 14 41 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 14 42 synthesis synthesis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 14 43 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-860 14 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 14 45 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 14 46 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 14 47 combining combine VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 14 48 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-860 14 49 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 14 50 qualitative qualitative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 14 51 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 14 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 14 53 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 14 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 14 55 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 14 56 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 14 57 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-860 14 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 14 59 systematic systematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 14 60 reviews review NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 14 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 15 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 15 2 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 15 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 15 4 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 15 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 15 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 15 7 secondary secondary JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 15 8 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-860 15 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 16 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 16 2 5][6 5][6 VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 16 4 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 7 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 8 Steps step NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 16 11 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 16 13 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 14 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 15 Methods Methods NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 16 17 assumptions assumption NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 18 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 19 Approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 20 3.2 3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 21 Statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 22 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 24 aggregate aggregate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 25 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 26 3.2.1 3.2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 27 Direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 28 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 29 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 16 30 Models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 31 incorporating incorporate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 16 32 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 33 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 34 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-860 16 35 3.2.1.1 3.2.1.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 36 Fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 37 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 38 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 39 3.2.1.2 3.2.1.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 40 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 41 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 42 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 43 3.2.1.3 3.2.1.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 44 IVhet IVhet NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 16 45 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 46 3.2.2 3.2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 47 Direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 48 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 49 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 16 50 Models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 51 incorporating incorporate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 16 52 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 53 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 54 3.2.2.1 3.2.2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 55 Quality Quality NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 16 56 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 57 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 58 3.2.3 3.2.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 59 Indirect indirect JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 60 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 61 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 16 62 Network network NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 63 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 64 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 16 65 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 66 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 67 3.2.3.1 3.2.3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 68 Bayesian bayesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 69 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 70 3.2.3.2 3.2.3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 71 Frequentist frequentist JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 72 multivariate multivariate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 73 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 74 3.2.3.3 3.2.3.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 75 Generalized generalized JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 76 pairwise pairwise NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 77 modelling modelling NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 78 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 79 3.2.3.4 3.2.3.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 80 Tailored tailor VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 81 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 82 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 16 83 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 84 3.2.4 3.2.4 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 85 Aggregating aggregate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 16 86 IPD IPD NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 16 87 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 16 88 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 89 3.3 3.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 90 Validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 91 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 92 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 93 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 16 94 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 95 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 96 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 97 Challenges Challenges NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 98 4.1 4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 99 Publication Publication NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 16 100 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 101 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 16 102 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 16 103 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 104 drawer drawer NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 105 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 106 4.2 4.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 107 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 108 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 109 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 110 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 111 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 16 112 reporting report VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 16 113 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 114 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 115 statistically statistically RB en-wikipedia-org-860 16 116 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 117 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 118 4.3 4.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 119 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 120 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 121 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 122 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 16 123 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 124 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 125 4.4 4.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 126 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 127 arising arise VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 16 128 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 129 agenda agenda NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 130 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 16 131 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 132 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 133 4.5 4.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 134 Weak weak JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 135 inclusion inclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 136 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 137 lead lead VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 16 138 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 139 misleading misleading JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 140 conclusions conclusion NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 141 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 142 Applications Applications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 143 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 144 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 145 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 146 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 147 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 16 148 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-860 16 149 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 150 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 151 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 152 Further further RB en-wikipedia-org-860 16 153 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 16 154 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 155 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 156 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 157 History[edit history[edit VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 16 158 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 16 159 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 16 160 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 161 roots root NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 162 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 163 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 164 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 16 165 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 166 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 167 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 16 168 traced trace VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 169 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-860 16 170 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 171 17th 17th JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 172 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 173 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 174 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 175 astronomy,[7 astronomy,[7 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 16 176 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 16 177 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 178 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 16 179 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 180 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 181 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 182 1904 1904 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 183 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 184 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 16 185 statistician statistician JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 186 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 16 187 Pearson Pearson NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 16 188 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 189 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 16 190 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 16 191 Medical Medical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 16 192 Journal[8 Journal[8 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 16 193 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 16 194 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 16 195 collated collate VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 196 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 197 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 198 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 199 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 200 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 201 typhoid typhoid NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 202 inoculation inoculation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 203 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 204 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 205 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 206 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 16 207 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 208 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 209 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 16 210 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 211 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 16 212 analytic analytic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 213 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 214 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 16 215 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 216 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 16 217 aggregate aggregate VB en-wikipedia-org-860 16 218 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 16 219 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 220 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 16 221 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 222 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 16 223 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 16 224 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 17 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 17 2 9][10 9][10 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 17 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 17 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 17 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 17 6 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 17 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 17 8 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 17 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 17 10 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-860 17 11 conceptually conceptually RB en-wikipedia-org-860 17 12 identical identical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 17 13 experiments experiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 17 14 concerning concern VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 17 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 17 16 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 17 17 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 17 18 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-860 17 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 17 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 17 21 conducted conduct VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 17 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 17 23 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 17 24 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 17 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 17 26 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 17 27 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 17 28 identified identify VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 17 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 17 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 17 31 1940 1940 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 17 32 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-860 17 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 17 34 length length NN en-wikipedia-org-860 17 35 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 17 36 Extrasensory Extrasensory NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 17 37 Perception Perception NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 17 38 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-860 17 39 Sixty Sixty NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 17 40 Years Years NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 17 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 17 42 authored author VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 17 43 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 17 44 Duke Duke NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 17 45 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 17 46 psychologists psychologist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 17 47 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 17 48 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 17 49 Pratt Pratt NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 17 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 17 51 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 18 1 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 18 2 Rhine Rhine NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 18 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 18 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 18 5 associates associate NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 18 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 19 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 19 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 19 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 19 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 19 5 encompassed encompass VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 19 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 19 7 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-860 19 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 19 9 145 145 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 19 10 reports report NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 19 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 19 12 ESP ESP NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 19 13 experiments experiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 19 14 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 19 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 19 16 1882 1882 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 19 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 19 18 1939 1939 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 19 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 19 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 19 21 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 19 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 19 23 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 19 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 19 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 19 26 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 19 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 19 28 unpublished unpublished JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 19 29 papers paper NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 19 30 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 19 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 19 32 overall overall JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 19 33 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 19 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 19 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 19 36 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-860 19 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 19 38 drawer drawer NN en-wikipedia-org-860 19 39 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-860 19 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 19 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 20 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-860 20 2 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 20 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 20 4 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 20 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 20 6 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-860 20 7 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 20 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 20 9 epidemiology epidemiology NN en-wikipedia-org-860 20 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 20 11 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 20 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 20 13 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 20 14 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-860 20 15 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-860 20 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 20 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 20 18 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 20 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 20 20 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 20 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 20 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 20 23 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 20 24 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 20 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 20 26 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 20 27 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 20 28 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-860 20 29 1955 1955 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 20 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 21 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 21 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 21 3 1970s 1970 NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 21 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 21 5 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 21 6 sophisticated sophisticated JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 21 7 analytical analytical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 21 8 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 21 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 21 10 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 21 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 21 12 educational educational JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 21 13 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 21 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 21 15 starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 21 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 21 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 21 18 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-860 21 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 21 20 Gene Gene NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 21 21 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 21 22 Glass Glass NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 21 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 21 24 Frank Frank NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 21 25 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 21 26 Schmidt Schmidt NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 21 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 21 28 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 21 29 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 21 30 Hunter Hunter NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 21 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 22 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 22 2 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-860 22 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 22 4 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 22 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 22 6 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 22 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 22 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 22 9 coined coin VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 22 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 22 11 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 22 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 22 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 22 14 statistician statistician NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 22 15 Gene Gene NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 22 16 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 22 17 Glass,[12 Glass,[12 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 22 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 22 19 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-860 22 20 stated state VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 22 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 22 22 my -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-860 22 23 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 22 24 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-860 22 25 currently currently RB en-wikipedia-org-860 22 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 22 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 22 28 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-860 22 29 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 22 30 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 22 31 come come VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 22 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 22 33 call call VB en-wikipedia-org-860 22 34 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-860 22 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 22 36 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 22 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 22 38 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 22 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 22 40 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 22 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 23 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 23 2 term term NN en-wikipedia-org-860 23 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 23 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 23 5 bit bit NN en-wikipedia-org-860 23 6 grand grand JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 23 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 23 8 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-860 23 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 23 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 23 11 precise precise JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 23 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 23 13 apt apt JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 23 14 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-860 23 15 Meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 23 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 23 17 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 23 18 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 23 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 23 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 23 21 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 23 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 23 23 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 23 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 23 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 24 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-860 24 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 24 3 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 24 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 24 5 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 24 6 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 24 7 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-860 24 8 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 24 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 24 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 24 11 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 24 12 founder founder NN en-wikipedia-org-860 24 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 24 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 24 15 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 24 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 24 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 24 18 methodology methodology NN en-wikipedia-org-860 24 19 behind behind IN en-wikipedia-org-860 24 20 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-860 24 21 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 24 22 termed term VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 24 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 24 24 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 24 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 24 26 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 24 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 24 28 predates predate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 24 29 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-860 24 30 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-860 24 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 24 32 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 24 33 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 24 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 25 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 25 2 13][14 13][14 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 25 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 25 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 25 5 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 25 6 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-860 25 7 surrounding surround VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 25 8 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 25 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 25 10 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 25 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 25 12 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 25 13 advanced advance VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 25 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 25 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 25 16 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-860 25 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 25 18 Nambury Nambury NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 19 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 20 Raju Raju NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 25 22 Larry Larry NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 23 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 24 Hedges Hedges NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 25 26 Harris Harris NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 27 Cooper Cooper NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 25 29 Ingram Ingram NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 30 Olkin Olkin NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 25 32 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 33 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 34 Hunter Hunter NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 25 36 Jacob Jacob NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 37 Cohen Cohen NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 25 39 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 40 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 41 Chalmers Chalmers NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 25 43 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 44 Rosenthal Rosenthal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 25 46 Frank Frank NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 47 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 48 Schmidt Schmidt NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 25 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 25 51 Douglas Douglas NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 52 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 53 Bonett Bonett NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 25 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 26 1 Steps step NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 26 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 26 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 26 4 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 26 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 26 6 analysis[edit analysis[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-860 26 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 26 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 26 9 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 26 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 26 11 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 26 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 26 13 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-860 26 14 preceded precede VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 26 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 26 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 26 17 systematic systematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 26 18 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-860 26 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 26 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 26 21 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 26 22 allows allow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 26 23 identification identification NN en-wikipedia-org-860 26 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 26 25 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 26 26 appraisal appraisal NN en-wikipedia-org-860 26 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 26 28 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-860 26 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 26 30 relevant relevant JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 26 31 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 26 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 26 33 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-860 26 34 limiting limit VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 26 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 26 36 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-860 26 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 26 38 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 26 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 26 40 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-860 26 41 estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 26 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 26 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 27 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 27 2 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 27 3 steps step NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 27 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 27 5 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-860 27 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 27 7 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 27 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 27 9 Formulation formulation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 27 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 27 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 27 12 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 27 13 question question NN en-wikipedia-org-860 27 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 27 15 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-860 28 1 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 28 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 28 3 PICO PICO NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 28 4 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 28 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 28 6 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 28 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 28 8 Intervention Intervention NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 28 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 28 10 Comparison Comparison NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 28 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 28 12 Outcome Outcome NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 28 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 28 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 29 1 Search search NN en-wikipedia-org-860 29 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 29 3 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-860 29 4 Selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-860 29 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 29 6 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 29 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 29 8 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-860 29 9 incorporation incorporation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 29 10 criteria criterion NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 29 11 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-860 29 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 29 13 Based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 29 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 29 15 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 29 16 criteria criterion NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 29 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 29 18 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-860 30 1 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 30 2 requirement requirement NN en-wikipedia-org-860 30 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 30 4 randomization randomization NN en-wikipedia-org-860 30 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 30 6 blinding blind VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 30 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 30 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 30 9 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 30 10 trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-860 30 11 Selection Selection NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 30 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 30 13 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 30 14 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 30 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 30 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 30 17 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-860 30 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 30 19 specified specify VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 30 20 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-860 30 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 30 22 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-860 31 1 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 31 2 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 31 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 31 4 breast breast NN en-wikipedia-org-860 31 5 cancer cancer NN en-wikipedia-org-860 31 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 32 1 Decide decide VB en-wikipedia-org-860 32 2 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-860 32 3 unpublished unpublished JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 32 4 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 32 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 32 6 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 32 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 32 8 avoid avoid VB en-wikipedia-org-860 32 9 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 32 10 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 32 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 32 12 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-860 32 13 drawer drawer NN en-wikipedia-org-860 32 14 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-860 32 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 32 16 Decide decide VB en-wikipedia-org-860 32 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 32 18 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 32 19 variables variable NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 32 20 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 32 21 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-860 32 22 measures measure NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 32 23 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 32 24 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 32 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 33 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 2 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 33 4 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 33 5 considering consider VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 33 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 33 7 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 33 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 33 9 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 11 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 13 aggregate aggregate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 15 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 33 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 33 17 Differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 33 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 19 discrete discrete JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 33 20 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 33 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 22 Means mean NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 33 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 24 continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 33 25 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 33 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 27 Hedges Hedges NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 33 28 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-860 33 29 g g NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 30 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 33 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 33 32 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 33 33 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 34 measure measure NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 35 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 36 continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 33 37 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 33 38 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 33 39 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 33 40 standardized standardize VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 42 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 43 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 33 44 eliminate eliminate VB en-wikipedia-org-860 33 45 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 46 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 33 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 33 48 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-860 33 49 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 33 50 incorporates incorporate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 33 51 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 33 52 index index NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 54 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 55 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 56 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 33 57 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 33 58 δ δ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 33 59 = = SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 33 60 μ μ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 33 61 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 33 62 − − NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 33 63 μ μ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 33 64 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 33 65 σ σ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 33 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 33 67 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 68 \displaystyle \displaystyle CD en-wikipedia-org-860 33 69 \delta \delta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 70 = = NFP en-wikipedia-org-860 33 71 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 72 \frac \frac CD en-wikipedia-org-860 33 73 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 74 \mu \mu JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 33 75 _ _ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 33 76 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 77 t}-\mu t}-\mu CD en-wikipedia-org-860 33 78 _ _ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 33 79 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 80 c}}{\sigma c}}{\sigma NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 33 81 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 82 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 83 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 33 84 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 85 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 86 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 33 87 μ μ NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 88 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 89 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 90 \displaystyle \displaystyle CD en-wikipedia-org-860 33 91 \mu \mu NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 92 _ _ NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 93 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 94 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 95 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 96 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 97 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 33 98 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 33 99 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 100 mean mean NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 101 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 33 102 μ μ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 33 103 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 33 104 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 105 \displaystyle \displaystyle CD en-wikipedia-org-860 33 106 \mu \mu NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 107 _ _ IN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 108 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 109 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 110 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 111 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 112 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 33 113 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 33 114 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 115 mean mean NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 116 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 33 117 σ σ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 33 118 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 33 119 { { -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 120 \displaystyle \displaystyle CD en-wikipedia-org-860 33 121 \sigma \sigma CD en-wikipedia-org-860 33 122 ^{2 ^{2 NFP en-wikipedia-org-860 33 123 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 124 } } -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 33 125 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 33 126 pooled pool VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 127 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 33 128 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 34 1 Selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-860 34 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 34 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 34 4 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 34 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 34 6 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 34 7 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 34 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 34 9 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-860 35 1 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 35 2 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 35 3 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 35 4 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 35 5 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 35 6 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 35 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 35 8 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 35 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 36 1 Examine examine NN en-wikipedia-org-860 36 2 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 36 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 36 4 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 36 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 36 6 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 36 7 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 36 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 36 9 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-860 37 1 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 37 2 subgroup subgroup NN en-wikipedia-org-860 37 3 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 37 4 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 37 5 meta meta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 37 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 37 7 regression regression NN en-wikipedia-org-860 37 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 38 1 Formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 38 2 guidance guidance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 38 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 38 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 38 5 conduct conduct NN en-wikipedia-org-860 38 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 38 7 reporting reporting NN en-wikipedia-org-860 38 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 38 9 meta meta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 38 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 38 11 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 38 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 38 13 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 38 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 38 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 38 16 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 38 17 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 38 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 39 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 39 2 reporting reporting NN en-wikipedia-org-860 39 3 guidelines guideline NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 39 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 39 5 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-860 39 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 39 7 Preferred Preferred NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 39 8 Reporting Reporting NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 39 9 Items Items NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 39 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 39 11 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 39 12 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 39 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 39 14 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 39 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 39 16 Analyses Analyses NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 39 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 39 18 PRISMA PRISMA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 39 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 39 20 statement statement NN en-wikipedia-org-860 39 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 40 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 40 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 40 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 40 4 Methods Methods NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 40 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 40 6 assumptions[edit assumptions[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-860 40 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 40 8 Approaches[edit Approaches[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-860 40 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 40 10 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 40 11 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 40 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 40 13 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 40 14 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 40 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 40 16 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 40 17 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 40 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 40 19 distinguished distinguish VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 40 20 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 40 21 performing perform VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 40 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 40 23 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 40 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 40 25 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 40 26 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 40 27 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 40 28 participant participant NN en-wikipedia-org-860 40 29 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 40 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 40 31 IPD IPD NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 40 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 40 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 40 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 40 35 aggregate aggregate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 40 36 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 40 37 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 40 38 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-860 40 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 40 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 41 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 41 2 aggregate aggregate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 41 3 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 41 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 41 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 41 6 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 41 7 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 41 8 indirect indirect JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 41 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 42 1 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-860 42 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 42 3 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 42 4 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 42 5 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 42 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 42 7 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-860 43 1 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 43 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 43 3 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-860 43 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 43 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 43 6 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-860 43 7 represents represent VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 43 8 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-860 43 9 estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 43 10 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 43 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 43 12 odds odd NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 43 13 ratios ratio NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 43 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 43 15 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 43 16 risks risk NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 43 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 44 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 44 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 44 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 44 4 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 44 5 synthesized synthesize VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 44 6 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-860 44 7 conceptually conceptually RB en-wikipedia-org-860 44 8 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 44 9 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 44 10 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 44 11 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 44 12 approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 44 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 44 14 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-860 44 15 below below RB en-wikipedia-org-860 44 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 44 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 45 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 45 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 45 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 45 4 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-860 45 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 45 6 indirect indirect JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 45 7 aggregate aggregate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 45 8 data data NN en-wikipedia-org-860 45 9 measures measure NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 45 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 45 11 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 45 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 45 13 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 45 14 treatments treatment NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 45 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 45 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 45 17 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-860 45 18 compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 45 19 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-860 45 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 45 21 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 45 22 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-860 45 23 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-860 45 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 45 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 45 26 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 45 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 45 28 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 45 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 46 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 46 4 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 5 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 6 A a NN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 46 8 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 9 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 46 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 46 11 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 46 12 compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 13 vs vs IN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 14 placebo placebo NN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 16 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 46 17 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 46 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 46 19 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 46 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 46 21 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 46 22 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 46 23 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-860 46 24 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-860 46 25 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 46 26 pooled pool VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 27 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 46 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 46 29 get get VB en-wikipedia-org-860 46 30 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 46 31 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 46 34 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 46 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 36 A a NN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 37 vs vs IN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 38 B b NN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 39 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 40 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 46 41 indirect indirect JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 46 42 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 43 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 44 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 45 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 46 46 vs vs IN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 47 Placebo Placebo NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 46 48 minus minus NN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 49 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 50 B b NN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 51 vs vs IN en-wikipedia-org-860 46 52 Placebo Placebo NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 46 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 47 1 IPD IPD NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 47 2 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 47 3 represents represent VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 47 4 raw raw JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 47 5 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 47 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 47 7 collected collect VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 47 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 47 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 47 10 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 47 11 centers center NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 47 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 48 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 48 2 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 48 3 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 48 4 raised raise VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 48 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 48 6 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-860 48 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 48 8 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 48 9 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 48 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 48 11 analytic analytic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 48 12 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 48 13 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 48 14 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 48 15 synthesis synthesis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 48 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 48 17 desired desire VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 48 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 48 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 48 20 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 48 21 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 48 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 48 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 48 24 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-860 48 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 48 26 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-860 48 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 48 28 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 48 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 48 30 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 48 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 48 32 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 48 33 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 48 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 49 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 49 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 49 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 49 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 49 5 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-860 49 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 49 7 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 49 8 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 49 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 49 10 IPD IPD NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 49 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 49 12 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-860 49 13 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 49 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 49 15 modeled model VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 49 16 simultaneously simultaneously RB en-wikipedia-org-860 49 17 whilst whilst IN en-wikipedia-org-860 49 18 accounting account VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 49 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 49 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 49 21 clustering clustering NN en-wikipedia-org-860 49 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 49 23 participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 49 24 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-860 49 25 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 49 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 50 1 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 50 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 50 3 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 50 4 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 50 5 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-860 50 6 compute compute JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 50 7 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-860 50 8 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 50 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 50 10 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-860 50 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 50 12 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-860 50 13 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 50 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 50 15 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-860 50 16 calculate calculate VB en-wikipedia-org-860 50 17 overall overall JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 50 18 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 50 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 50 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 50 21 weighted weighted JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 50 22 average average NN en-wikipedia-org-860 50 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 50 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 50 25 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 50 26 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 50 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 51 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 51 2 reducing reduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 51 3 IPD ipd NN en-wikipedia-org-860 51 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 51 5 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-860 51 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 51 7 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 51 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 51 9 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 51 10 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 51 11 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 51 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-860 51 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 51 14 applied apply VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 51 15 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 51 16 IPD IPD NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 51 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 51 18 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 51 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 51 20 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 51 21 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 51 22 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 51 23 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 51 24 appealing appealing JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 51 25 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-860 51 26 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 51 27 performing perform VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 51 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 51 29 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 51 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 51 31 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 51 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 52 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-860 52 2 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 52 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 52 4 conventionally conventionally RB en-wikipedia-org-860 52 5 believed believe VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 52 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 52 7 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-860 52 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 52 9 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 52 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 52 11 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 52 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 52 13 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 52 14 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 52 15 yield yield VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 52 16 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 52 17 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 52 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 52 19 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 52 20 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 52 21 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 52 22 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 52 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 52 24 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 52 25 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 52 26 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-860 52 27 lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-860 52 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 52 29 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 52 30 conclusions conclusion NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 52 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 53 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 53 2 17][18 17][18 LS en-wikipedia-org-860 53 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 53 4 Statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 53 5 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 53 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 53 7 aggregate aggregate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 53 8 data[edit data[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-860 53 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 53 10 Direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 53 11 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 53 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 53 13 Models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 53 14 incorporating incorporate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 53 15 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 53 16 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 53 17 only[edit only[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-860 53 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 53 19 Fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 53 20 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 53 21 model[edit model[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-860 53 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 53 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 53 24 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 53 25 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 53 26 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 53 27 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 53 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 53 29 weighted weighted JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 53 30 average average NN en-wikipedia-org-860 53 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 53 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 53 33 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-860 53 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 53 35 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 53 36 estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 53 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 54 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 54 2 inverse inverse NN en-wikipedia-org-860 54 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 54 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 54 5 estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 54 6 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-860 54 7 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 54 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 54 9 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 54 10 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 54 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 54 12 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 54 13 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-860 54 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 54 15 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-860 54 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 54 17 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 54 18 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 54 19 tend tend VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 54 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 54 21 contribute contribute VB en-wikipedia-org-860 54 22 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 54 23 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-860 54 24 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 54 25 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 54 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 54 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 54 28 weighted weighted JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 54 29 average average NN en-wikipedia-org-860 54 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 55 1 Consequently consequently RB en-wikipedia-org-860 55 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 55 3 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 55 4 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 55 5 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-860 55 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 55 7 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 55 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 55 9 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 55 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 55 11 dominated dominate VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 55 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 55 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 55 14 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-860 55 15 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 55 16 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 55 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 55 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 55 19 findings finding NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 55 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 55 21 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 55 22 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 55 23 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 55 24 practically practically RB en-wikipedia-org-860 55 25 ignored ignore VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 55 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 56 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 56 2 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 56 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 56 4 Most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-860 56 5 importantly importantly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 56 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 56 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 56 8 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 56 9 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 56 10 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 56 11 assumes assume VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 56 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 56 13 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-860 56 14 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 56 15 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 56 16 investigate investigate VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 56 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 56 18 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 56 19 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-860 56 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 56 21 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-860 56 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 56 23 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 56 24 variable variable NN en-wikipedia-org-860 56 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 56 26 outcome outcome JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 56 27 definitions definition NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 56 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 56 29 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-860 56 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 57 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 57 2 assumption assumption NN en-wikipedia-org-860 57 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 57 4 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-860 57 5 unrealistic unrealistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 57 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 57 7 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 57 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 57 9 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-860 57 10 prone prone JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 57 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 57 12 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 57 13 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 57 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 57 15 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 57 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 57 17 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-860 58 1 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 58 2 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 58 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 58 4 differ differ VB en-wikipedia-org-860 58 5 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 58 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 58 7 locale locale NN en-wikipedia-org-860 58 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 58 9 dosage dosage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 58 10 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 58 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 58 12 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 58 13 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 58 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 58 15 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-860 58 16 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 58 17 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 58 18 model[edit model[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-860 58 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 58 20 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 58 21 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 58 22 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 58 23 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 58 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 58 25 synthesize synthesize VB en-wikipedia-org-860 58 26 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 58 27 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 58 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 58 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 58 30 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 58 31 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 58 32 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 58 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 58 34 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 58 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 58 36 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 58 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 59 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 59 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 59 3 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-860 59 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 59 5 weighted weighted JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 59 6 average average NN en-wikipedia-org-860 59 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 59 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 59 9 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 59 10 sizes size NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 59 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 59 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 59 13 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-860 59 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 59 15 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 59 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 60 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 60 2 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 3 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 60 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 60 5 applied apply VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 7 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 60 8 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 10 weighted weighted JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 60 11 averaging average VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 60 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 60 14 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 60 15 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 60 16 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 60 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 60 18 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 60 20 achieved achieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 22 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 60 23 steps:[20 steps:[20 NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 60 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 60 25 Step step NN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 26 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 60 27 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 60 28 Inverse inverse NN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 29 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 30 weighting weight VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 60 31 Step step NN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 32 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 60 33 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 60 34 Un Un NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 60 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 60 36 weighting weighting NN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 38 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 60 39 inverse inverse NN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 40 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 41 weighting weight VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 60 42 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 43 applying apply VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 60 44 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 60 45 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 60 46 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 60 47 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 48 component component NN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 49 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 60 50 REVC REVC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 60 51 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 60 52 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 60 53 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 60 54 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-860 60 55 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 56 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 60 58 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 60 variability variability NN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 60 63 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 64 sizes size NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 60 65 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 60 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 60 67 underlying underlie VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 60 68 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 60 69 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 61 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 61 2 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 61 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 61 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 61 5 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 61 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 61 7 variability variability NN en-wikipedia-org-860 61 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 61 9 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 61 10 sizes size NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 61 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 61 12 otherwise otherwise RB en-wikipedia-org-860 61 13 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 61 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 61 15 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 61 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 61 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 61 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 61 19 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 61 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 61 21 un un NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 61 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 61 23 weighting weighting NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 61 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 61 25 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 61 26 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 61 27 reach reach VB en-wikipedia-org-860 61 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 61 29 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-860 61 30 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 61 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 61 32 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 61 33 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 61 34 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 61 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 61 36 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 61 37 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-860 61 38 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 61 39 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-860 61 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 61 41 un un NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 61 42 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 61 43 weighted weighted JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 61 44 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 61 45 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 61 46 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-860 61 47 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-860 61 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 61 49 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 61 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 62 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-860 62 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 62 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 62 4 extreme extreme NN en-wikipedia-org-860 62 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 62 6 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 62 7 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-860 62 8 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 62 9 sizes size NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 62 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 62 11 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 62 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 62 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 62 14 variability variability NN en-wikipedia-org-860 62 15 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 62 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 62 17 exceed exceed VB en-wikipedia-org-860 62 18 sampling sampling NN en-wikipedia-org-860 62 19 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-860 62 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 62 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 62 22 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-860 62 23 REVC REVC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 62 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 62 25 applied apply VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 62 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 62 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 62 28 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 62 29 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 62 30 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 62 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 62 32 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 62 33 defaults default NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 62 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 62 35 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-860 62 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 62 37 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 62 38 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 62 39 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 62 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 62 41 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 62 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 62 43 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-860 62 44 inverse inverse NN en-wikipedia-org-860 62 45 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 62 46 weighting weighting NN en-wikipedia-org-860 62 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 62 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 63 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 63 2 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 63 5 reversal reversal NN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 63 7 solely solely RB en-wikipedia-org-860 63 8 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 63 9 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 10 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 63 11 factors:[21 factors:[21 NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 63 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 63 13 Heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 15 precision precision NN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 16 Heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 18 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 19 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 20 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 21 neither neither DT en-wikipedia-org-860 63 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 23 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-860 63 24 factors factor NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 63 25 automatically automatically RB en-wikipedia-org-860 63 26 indicates indicate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 63 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 63 28 faulty faulty JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 63 29 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 63 30 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 63 32 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 63 33 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 63 34 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 63 35 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 63 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 63 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 63 38 re re NN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 39 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 40 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 42 weights weight NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 63 43 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 44 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 63 45 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 46 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-860 63 47 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 63 48 bear bear VB en-wikipedia-org-860 63 49 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 63 50 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 51 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 63 52 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-860 63 53 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-860 63 54 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 63 55 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-860 63 56 might may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 63 57 offer offer VB en-wikipedia-org-860 63 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 64 1 Indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-860 64 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 64 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 64 4 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 64 5 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 64 6 demonstrated demonstrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 64 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 64 8 redistribution redistribution NN en-wikipedia-org-860 64 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 64 10 weights weight NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 64 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 64 12 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-860 64 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 64 14 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-860 64 15 direction direction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 64 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 64 17 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 64 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 64 19 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 64 20 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 64 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 64 22 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 64 23 increases increase VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 64 24 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-860 64 25 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-860 64 26 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-860 64 27 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 64 28 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 64 29 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 64 30 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-860 64 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 64 32 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-860 64 33 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 64 34 redistribution redistribution NN en-wikipedia-org-860 64 35 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 64 36 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 64 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 65 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 65 2 21 21 LS en-wikipedia-org-860 65 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 65 4 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-860 65 5 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-860 65 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 65 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 65 8 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 65 9 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 65 10 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 65 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 65 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 65 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 65 14 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-860 65 15 commonly commonly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 65 16 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 65 17 confidence confidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 65 18 intervals interval NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 65 19 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-860 65 20 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 65 21 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 65 22 retain retain VB en-wikipedia-org-860 65 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-860 65 24 coverage coverage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 65 25 probability probability NN en-wikipedia-org-860 65 26 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-860 65 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 65 28 specified specified JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 65 29 nominal nominal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 65 30 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-860 65 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 65 32 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-860 65 33 substantially substantially RB en-wikipedia-org-860 65 34 underestimate underestimate VB en-wikipedia-org-860 65 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 65 36 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 65 37 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-860 65 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 65 39 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 65 40 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-860 65 41 overconfident overconfident JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 65 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 65 43 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-860 65 44 conclusions conclusion NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 65 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 66 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 66 2 22][23 22][23 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 66 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 66 4 Several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 66 5 fixes fix NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 66 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 66 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 66 8 suggested[24][25 suggested[24][25 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 66 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 66 10 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-860 66 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 66 12 debate debate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 66 13 continues continue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 66 14 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-860 66 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 67 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 67 2 23][26 23][26 LS en-wikipedia-org-860 67 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 67 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 67 5 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 67 6 concern concern NN en-wikipedia-org-860 67 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 67 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 67 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 67 10 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 67 11 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 67 12 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 67 13 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 67 14 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-860 67 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 67 16 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-860 67 17 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 67 18 conservative conservative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 67 19 compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 67 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 67 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 67 22 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 67 23 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 67 24 model[27 model[27 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 67 25 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 67 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 67 27 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-860 67 28 misleading mislead VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 67 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 67 30 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-860 67 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 68 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-860 68 2 interpretational interpretational JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 68 3 fix fix NN en-wikipedia-org-860 68 4 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 68 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 68 6 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 68 7 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 68 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 68 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 68 10 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-860 68 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 68 12 prediction prediction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 68 13 interval interval NN en-wikipedia-org-860 68 14 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-860 68 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 68 16 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 68 17 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 68 18 estimate estimate VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 68 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 68 20 portray portray VB en-wikipedia-org-860 68 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 68 22 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-860 68 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 68 24 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 68 25 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 68 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 68 27 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-860 68 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 69 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 69 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 69 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 69 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-860 69 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 69 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 69 7 assumption assumption NN en-wikipedia-org-860 69 8 behind behind IN en-wikipedia-org-860 69 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 69 10 calculation calculation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 69 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 69 12 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-860 69 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 69 14 prediction prediction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 69 15 interval interval NN en-wikipedia-org-860 69 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 69 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 69 18 trials trial NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 69 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 69 20 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 69 21 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 69 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 69 23 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 69 24 homogeneous homogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 69 25 entities entity NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 69 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 69 27 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-860 69 28 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 69 29 patient patient JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 69 30 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 69 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 69 32 comparator comparator NN en-wikipedia-org-860 69 33 treatments treatment NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 69 34 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-860 69 35 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 69 36 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 69 37 exchangeable[29 exchangeable[29 ADD en-wikipedia-org-860 69 38 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 69 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 69 40 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 69 41 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 69 42 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-860 69 43 unattainable unattainable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 69 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 69 45 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-860 69 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 70 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 70 2 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-860 70 3 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-860 70 4 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 70 5 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 70 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 70 7 estimate estimate VB en-wikipedia-org-860 70 8 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 70 9 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 70 10 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 70 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 70 12 REVC REVC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 70 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 70 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 70 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 70 16 DerSimonian DerSimonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 70 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 70 18 Laird Laird NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 70 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 70 20 DL DL NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 70 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 70 22 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-860 70 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 71 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 71 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 71 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 71 4 Several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 71 5 advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 71 6 iterative iterative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 71 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 71 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 71 9 computationally computationally RB en-wikipedia-org-860 71 10 expensive expensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 71 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 71 12 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 71 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 71 14 computing compute VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 71 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 71 16 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 71 17 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 71 18 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 71 19 exist exist VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 71 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 71 21 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 71 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 71 23 maximum maximum JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 71 24 likelihood likelihood NN en-wikipedia-org-860 71 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 71 26 profile profile VB en-wikipedia-org-860 71 27 likelihood likelihood NN en-wikipedia-org-860 71 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 71 29 restricted restrict VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 71 30 maximum maximum JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 71 31 likelihood likelihood NN en-wikipedia-org-860 71 32 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 71 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 71 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 71 35 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 71 36 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 71 37 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 71 38 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 71 39 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-860 71 40 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 71 41 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 71 42 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 71 43 run run VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 71 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 71 45 Stata Stata NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 71 46 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 71 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 71 48 metaan metaan NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 71 49 command command NN en-wikipedia-org-860 71 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 72 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 72 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 72 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 72 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 72 5 metaan metaan NN en-wikipedia-org-860 72 6 command command NN en-wikipedia-org-860 72 7 must must MD en-wikipedia-org-860 72 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 72 9 distinguished distinguish VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 72 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 72 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 72 12 classic classic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 72 13 metan metan NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 72 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 72 15 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 72 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 72 17 a a NN en-wikipedia-org-860 72 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 72 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 72 20 command command NN en-wikipedia-org-860 72 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 72 22 Stata Stata NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 72 23 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 72 24 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 72 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 72 26 DL DL NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 72 27 estimator estimator NN en-wikipedia-org-860 72 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 73 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-860 73 2 advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 73 3 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 73 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 73 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-860 73 6 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 73 7 implemented implement VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 73 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 73 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 73 10 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 73 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 73 12 easy easy JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 73 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 73 14 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-860 73 15 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 73 16 Excel Excel NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 73 17 add add VB en-wikipedia-org-860 73 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 73 19 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-860 73 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 73 21 MetaEasy MetaEasy NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 73 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 74 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 74 2 32][33 32][33 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 74 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 74 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-860 74 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 74 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 74 7 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-860 74 8 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 74 9 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-860 74 10 advanced advanced JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 74 11 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 74 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 74 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 74 14 DL DL NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 74 15 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 74 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 74 17 computing compute VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 74 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 74 19 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 74 20 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 74 21 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 74 22 demonstrated demonstrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 74 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 74 24 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-860 74 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 74 26 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 74 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 74 28 gain gain VB en-wikipedia-org-860 74 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 74 30 DL DL NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 74 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 74 32 quite quite RB en-wikipedia-org-860 74 33 adequate adequate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 74 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 74 35 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-860 74 36 scenarios scenario NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 74 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 75 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 75 2 34][35 34][35 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 75 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 75 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-860 75 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 75 6 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-860 75 7 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 75 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 75 9 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 75 10 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 75 11 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 75 12 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 75 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 75 14 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 75 15 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 75 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 75 17 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-860 75 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 75 19 sample sample NN en-wikipedia-org-860 75 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 75 21 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 75 22 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-860 75 23 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-860 75 24 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 75 25 inadequate inadequate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 75 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 75 27 accurately accurately RB en-wikipedia-org-860 75 28 estimate estimate VB en-wikipedia-org-860 75 29 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 75 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 76 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-860 76 2 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 76 3 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 76 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 76 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 76 6 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 76 7 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 76 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 76 9 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 76 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 76 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 76 12 incorrect incorrect JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 76 13 zero zero CD en-wikipedia-org-860 76 14 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 76 15 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 76 16 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 76 17 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 76 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 76 19 obtained obtain VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 76 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 76 21 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 76 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 76 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 76 24 false false JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 76 25 homogeneity homogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 76 26 assumption assumption NN en-wikipedia-org-860 76 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 77 1 Overall overall RB en-wikipedia-org-860 77 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 77 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 77 4 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 77 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 77 6 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 77 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 77 8 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 77 9 consistently consistently RB en-wikipedia-org-860 77 10 underestimated underestimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 77 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 77 12 meta meta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 77 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 77 14 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 77 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 77 16 sensitivity sensitivity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 77 17 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 77 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 77 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 77 20 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 77 21 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 77 22 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 77 23 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 77 24 assumed assume VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 77 25 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-860 77 26 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 77 27 informative informative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 77 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 78 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 78 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 78 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 78 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-860 78 5 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 78 6 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 78 7 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 78 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 78 9 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-860 78 10 packages package NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 78 11 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 78 12 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-860 78 13 relate relate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 78 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 78 15 study study VB en-wikipedia-org-860 78 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 78 17 aggregate aggregate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 78 18 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 78 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 78 20 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 78 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 78 22 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 78 23 wishing wish VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 78 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 78 25 conduct conduct VB en-wikipedia-org-860 78 26 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 78 27 patient patient NN en-wikipedia-org-860 78 28 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 78 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 78 30 IPD IPD NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 78 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 78 32 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 78 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 78 34 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 78 35 need need VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 78 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 78 37 consider consider VB en-wikipedia-org-860 78 38 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 78 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 78 40 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 78 41 modelling model VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 78 42 approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 78 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 79 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 79 2 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 79 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 79 4 IVhet IVhet NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 5 model[edit model[edit NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 79 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 79 7 Doi Doi NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 8 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-860 79 9 Barendregt Barendregt NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 10 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 79 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 79 12 collaboration collaboration NN en-wikipedia-org-860 79 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 79 14 Khan Khan NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 79 16 Thalib Thalib NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 79 18 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 79 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 79 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 79 22 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 79 24 Queensland Queensland NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 79 26 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 79 28 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 29 Queensland Queensland NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 79 31 Kuwait Kuwait NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 32 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 79 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 79 35 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 36 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 79 37 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 79 38 inverse inverse NN en-wikipedia-org-860 79 39 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 79 40 quasi quasi NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 41 likelihood likelihood NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 42 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 79 43 alternative alternative NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 79 45 IVhet IVhet NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 79 47 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 79 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 79 49 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 79 50 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 79 51 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 79 52 RE RE NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 79 54 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 79 55 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 79 56 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 79 57 details detail NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 79 58 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 79 59 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 79 60 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-860 79 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 80 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 80 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 80 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 80 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 80 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 80 6 incorporated incorporate VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 80 7 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-860 80 8 MetaXL MetaXL NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 80 9 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-860 80 10 2.0,[39 2.0,[39 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 80 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 80 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 80 13 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 80 14 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 80 15 excel excel VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 80 16 add add VB en-wikipedia-org-860 80 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 80 18 in in NN en-wikipedia-org-860 80 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 80 20 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 80 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 80 22 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 80 23 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 80 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 80 25 Epigear Epigear NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 80 26 International International NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 80 27 Pty Pty NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 80 28 Ltd Ltd NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 80 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 80 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 80 31 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 80 32 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 80 33 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 80 34 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 80 35 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 80 36 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 80 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 81 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 81 2 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 81 3 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-860 81 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 81 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 81 6 clear clear JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 81 7 advantage advantage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 81 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 81 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 81 10 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 81 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 81 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 81 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 81 14 resolves resolve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 81 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 81 16 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 81 17 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 81 18 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 81 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 81 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 81 21 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 81 22 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 81 23 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 81 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 82 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 82 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 82 3 advantage advantage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 82 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 82 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 82 6 IVhet IVhet NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 82 7 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 82 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 82 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 82 10 coverage coverage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 82 11 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 82 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-860 82 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 82 14 nominal nominal NN en-wikipedia-org-860 82 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 82 16 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-860 82 17 95 95 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 82 18 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-860 82 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 82 20 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-860 82 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 82 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 82 23 confidence confidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 82 24 interval interval NN en-wikipedia-org-860 82 25 unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-860 82 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 82 27 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 82 28 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 82 29 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 82 30 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 82 31 drops drop VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 82 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 82 33 coverage coverage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 82 34 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 82 35 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 82 36 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 82 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 83 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 83 2 22][23 22][23 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 83 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 83 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 83 5 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 83 6 advantage advantage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 83 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 83 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 83 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 83 10 IVhet IVhet NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 83 11 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 83 12 maintains maintain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 83 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 83 14 inverse inverse NN en-wikipedia-org-860 83 15 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 83 16 weights weight NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 83 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 83 18 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 83 19 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 83 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 83 21 unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-860 83 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 83 23 RE RE NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 83 24 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 83 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 83 26 gives give VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 83 27 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 83 28 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 83 29 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 83 30 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-860 83 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 83 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 83 33 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-860 83 34 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 83 35 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 83 36 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 83 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 83 38 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 83 39 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 83 40 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 83 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 84 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 84 2 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 84 3 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 84 4 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 84 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 84 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 84 7 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 84 8 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 84 9 weights weight NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 84 10 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-860 84 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 84 12 RE RE NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 84 13 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 84 14 become become VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 84 15 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 84 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 84 17 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-860 84 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 84 19 RE RE NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 84 20 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 84 21 returns return VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 84 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 84 23 arithmetic arithmetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 84 24 mean mean NN en-wikipedia-org-860 84 25 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-860 84 26 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-860 84 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 84 28 weighted weighted JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 84 29 average average NN en-wikipedia-org-860 84 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 85 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 85 2 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 85 4 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 85 7 RE RE NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 85 8 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 9 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 85 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 85 11 occur occur VB en-wikipedia-org-860 85 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 85 14 IVhet IVhet NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 85 15 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 85 17 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-860 85 18 differs differ VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 85 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 85 21 RE RE NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 85 22 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 23 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 25 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 85 26 perspectives:[38 perspectives:[38 NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 85 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 85 28 Pooled pool VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 29 estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 85 30 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-860 85 31 favor favor VB en-wikipedia-org-860 85 32 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 85 33 trials trial NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 85 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 85 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 36 opposed oppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 38 penalizing penalize VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 85 39 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 85 40 trials trial NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 85 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 85 43 RE RE NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 85 44 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 85 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 85 47 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-860 85 48 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-860 85 49 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 85 50 confidence confidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 51 interval interval NN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 52 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 85 53 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 85 54 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 85 56 nominal nominal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 85 57 coverage coverage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 58 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 59 uncertainty uncertainty NN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 60 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 85 61 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 85 62 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 85 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 86 1 Doi Doi NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 86 2 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-860 86 3 Barendregt Barendregt NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 86 4 suggest suggest VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 86 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 86 6 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-860 86 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 86 8 RE RE NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 86 9 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 86 10 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 86 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 86 12 alternative alternative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 86 13 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 86 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 86 15 pooling pool VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 86 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 86 17 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 86 18 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 86 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 86 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-860 86 21 simulation simulation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 86 22 results[40 results[40 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 86 23 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 86 24 demonstrate demonstrate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 86 25 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 86 26 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 86 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 86 28 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 86 29 specified specified JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 86 30 probability probability NN en-wikipedia-org-860 86 31 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 86 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 86 33 untenable untenable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 86 34 assumptions assumption NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 86 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 86 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 86 37 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 86 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 86 39 RE RE NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 86 40 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 86 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 86 42 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 86 43 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 86 44 necessarily necessarily RB en-wikipedia-org-860 86 45 provide provide VB en-wikipedia-org-860 86 46 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 86 47 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 86 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 87 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 87 2 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 87 3 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-860 87 5 reports report VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 87 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 87 8 IVhet IVhet NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 87 9 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 10 resolves resolve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 87 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 87 12 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 87 13 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 15 underestimation underestimation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 87 18 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 87 19 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 87 21 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 87 22 coverage coverage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 87 25 confidence confidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 26 interval interval NN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 87 28 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 87 29 MSE MSE NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 87 30 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 31 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 87 33 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 87 34 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 87 35 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 87 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 87 38 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 87 39 conclude conclude VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 87 40 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 41 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 87 42 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-860 87 43 henceforth henceforth RB en-wikipedia-org-860 87 44 abandon abandon VB en-wikipedia-org-860 87 45 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 87 48 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 87 49 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 87 50 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 51 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 52 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 87 53 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 87 54 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 87 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 88 1 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-860 88 2 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-860 88 3 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 88 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 88 5 compelling compelling JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 88 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 88 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 88 8 ramifications ramification NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 88 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 88 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 88 11 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 88 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 88 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 88 14 magnitude magnitude NN en-wikipedia-org-860 88 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 88 16 spuriously spuriously RB en-wikipedia-org-860 88 17 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 88 18 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 88 19 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-860 88 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 88 21 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 88 22 database database NN en-wikipedia-org-860 88 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 88 24 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 88 25 huge huge JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 88 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 88 27 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-860 88 28 accepting accept VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 88 29 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 88 30 conclusion conclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-860 88 31 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 88 32 careful careful JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 88 33 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 88 34 confirmation confirmation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 88 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 89 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 89 2 availability availability NN en-wikipedia-org-860 89 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 89 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 89 5 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 89 6 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-860 89 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 89 8 MetaXL)[39 MetaXL)[39 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 89 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 89 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 89 11 runs run VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 89 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 89 13 IVhet IVhet NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 89 14 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 89 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 89 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 89 17 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-860 89 18 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 89 19 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 89 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 89 21 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-860 89 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 89 23 facilitates facilitate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 89 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 89 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 89 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 89 27 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 89 28 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-860 89 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 90 1 Direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 90 2 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 90 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 90 4 Models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 90 5 incorporating incorporate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 90 6 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 90 7 information[edit information[edit NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 90 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 90 9 Quality quality JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 90 10 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 90 11 model[edit model[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-860 90 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 90 13 Doi Doi NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 90 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 90 15 Thalib Thalib NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 90 16 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-860 90 17 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 90 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 90 19 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 90 20 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 90 21 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 90 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 91 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 91 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 91 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 91 4 They[42 they[42 ADD en-wikipedia-org-860 91 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 91 6 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 91 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 91 8 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 91 9 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 91 11 adjustment adjustment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 13 inter inter JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 91 14 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 91 15 study study JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 91 16 variability variability NN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 18 incorporating incorporate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 91 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 91 20 contribution contribution NN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 22 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 23 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 91 26 relevant relevant JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 91 27 component component NN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 91 29 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 91 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 32 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 91 35 contribution contribution NN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 37 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 38 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 40 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 91 41 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 42 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 91 43 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 91 44 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 46 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-860 91 47 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 48 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 91 49 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 91 50 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 91 51 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 52 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 53 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 91 54 generate generate VB en-wikipedia-org-860 91 55 weights weight NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 91 56 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 57 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-860 91 58 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 91 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 92 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 92 2 strength strength NN en-wikipedia-org-860 92 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 92 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 92 5 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 92 6 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 92 7 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 92 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 92 9 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 92 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 92 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 92 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 92 13 allows allow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 92 14 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 92 15 methodological methodological JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 92 16 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 92 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 92 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 92 19 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 92 20 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-860 92 21 subjective subjective JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 92 22 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 92 23 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 92 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 92 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 92 26 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-860 92 27 helps help VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 92 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 92 29 close close VB en-wikipedia-org-860 92 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 92 31 damaging damaging JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 92 32 gap gap NN en-wikipedia-org-860 92 33 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 92 34 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 92 35 opened open VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 92 36 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-860 92 37 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 92 38 methodology methodology NN en-wikipedia-org-860 92 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 92 40 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 92 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 92 42 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 92 43 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 92 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 93 1 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 93 2 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-860 93 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 93 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 93 5 synthetic synthetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 93 6 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 93 7 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 93 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 93 9 computed compute VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 93 10 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 93 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 93 12 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 93 13 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-860 93 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 93 15 adjust adjust VB en-wikipedia-org-860 93 16 inverse inverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 93 17 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 93 18 weights weight NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 93 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 93 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 93 21 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 93 22 adjusted adjust VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 93 23 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-860 93 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 93 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 93 26 ith ith NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 93 27 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 93 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 93 29 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 93 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 94 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 94 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 94 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 94 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-860 94 5 adjusted adjust VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 94 6 weights weight NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 94 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 94 8 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-860 94 9 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 94 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 94 11 meta meta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 94 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 94 13 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 94 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 95 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 95 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 95 3 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 95 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 95 5 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-860 95 6 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 95 7 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 95 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 95 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 95 10 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 95 11 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 95 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 95 13 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 95 14 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 95 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 95 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 95 17 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 95 18 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 95 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 95 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 95 21 proportion proportion NN en-wikipedia-org-860 95 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 95 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-860 95 24 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 95 25 adjusted adjust VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 95 26 weights weight NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 95 27 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 95 28 mathematically mathematically RB en-wikipedia-org-860 95 29 redistributed redistribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 95 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 95 31 study study VB en-wikipedia-org-860 95 32 i i PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 95 33 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 95 34 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 95 35 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 95 36 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-860 95 37 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-860 95 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 95 39 overall overall JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 95 40 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 95 41 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-860 95 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 96 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 96 2 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 96 3 become become VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 96 4 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 96 5 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 96 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 96 7 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 96 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 96 9 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 96 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 96 11 re re NN en-wikipedia-org-860 96 12 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-860 96 13 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-860 96 14 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 96 15 progressively progressively RB en-wikipedia-org-860 96 16 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 96 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 96 18 ceases cease VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 96 19 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 96 20 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-860 96 21 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 96 22 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 96 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 96 24 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 96 25 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 96 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 96 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 96 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 96 29 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-860 96 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 96 31 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 96 32 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 96 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 96 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 96 35 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 96 36 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 96 37 model model VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 96 38 defaults default NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 96 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 96 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 96 41 IVhet IVhet NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 96 42 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 96 43 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 96 44 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-860 96 45 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 96 46 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-860 96 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 96 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 97 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 97 2 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 97 3 evaluation evaluation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 97 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 97 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 97 6 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 97 7 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 97 8 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 97 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 97 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 97 11 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-860 97 12 updates update NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 97 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 97 14 demonstrates demonstrate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 97 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 97 16 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-860 97 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 97 18 subjectivity subjectivity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 97 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 97 20 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 97 21 assessment assessment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 97 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 97 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 97 24 performance performance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 97 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 97 26 MSE MSE NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 97 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 97 28 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 97 29 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 97 30 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-860 97 31 simulation simulation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 97 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 97 33 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 97 34 superior superior JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 97 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 97 36 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-860 97 37 achievable achievable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 97 38 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 97 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 97 40 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 97 41 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 97 42 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 97 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 98 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 98 2 43][44 43][44 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 98 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 98 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 98 5 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 98 6 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-860 98 7 replaces replace VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 98 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 98 9 untenable untenable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 98 10 interpretations interpretation NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 98 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 98 12 abound abound VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 98 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 98 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 98 15 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-860 98 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 98 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 98 18 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-860 98 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 98 20 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 98 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 98 22 explore explore VB en-wikipedia-org-860 98 23 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 98 24 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 98 25 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-860 98 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 99 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 99 2 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 99 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 99 4 Indirect indirect JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 99 5 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 99 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 99 7 Network Network NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 99 8 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 99 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 99 10 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 99 11 methods[edit methods[edit , en-wikipedia-org-860 99 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 99 13 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 99 14 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-860 99 15 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 99 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 99 17 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 99 18 looks look VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 99 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-860 99 20 indirect indirect JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 99 21 comparisons comparison NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 99 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 100 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 100 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 100 3 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-860 100 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 100 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 100 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 100 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 100 8 analyzed analyze VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 100 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 100 10 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 100 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 100 12 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 100 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 100 14 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 100 15 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 100 16 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 100 17 analyzed analyze VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 100 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 100 19 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 100 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 100 21 b. b. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 101 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-860 101 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 101 3 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 101 4 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 101 5 A a NN en-wikipedia-org-860 101 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 101 7 B b NN en-wikipedia-org-860 101 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 101 9 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-860 101 10 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 101 11 indirectly indirectly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 101 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 101 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 101 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 101 15 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-860 101 16 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 101 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 101 18 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 101 19 looks look VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 101 20 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-860 101 21 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 101 22 indirect indirect JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 101 23 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 101 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 101 25 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 101 26 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 101 27 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 101 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 101 29 interventions intervention NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 101 30 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 101 31 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 101 32 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 101 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 102 1 Indirect indirect JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 102 2 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-860 102 3 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 102 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 102 5 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 102 6 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 102 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 102 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-860 102 9 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 102 10 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-860 102 11 meta meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 102 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 102 13 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 102 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 102 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 102 16 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 102 17 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 102 18 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 102 19 treatments treatment NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 102 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 102 21 assessed assess VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 102 22 simultaneously simultaneously RB en-wikipedia-org-860 102 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 102 24 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-860 102 25 use use VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 102 26 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 102 27 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 102 28 methodologies methodology NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 102 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 103 1 First first RB en-wikipedia-org-860 103 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 103 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 103 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 103 5 Bucher Bucher NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 103 6 method[45 method[45 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 103 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 103 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 103 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 103 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 103 11 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 103 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 103 13 repeated repeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 103 14 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-860 103 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 103 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 103 17 closed closed JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 103 18 loop loop NN en-wikipedia-org-860 103 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 103 20 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-860 103 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 103 22 treatments treatment NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 103 23 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 103 24 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 103 25 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-860 103 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 103 27 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 103 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 103 29 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 103 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 103 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 103 32 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 103 33 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 103 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 103 35 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 103 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 103 37 node node NN en-wikipedia-org-860 103 38 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 103 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 103 40 loop loop NN en-wikipedia-org-860 103 41 begins begin VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 103 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 103 43 ends end VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 103 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 104 1 Therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-860 104 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 104 3 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 104 4 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 104 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 104 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 104 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 104 8 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 104 9 comparisons comparison NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 104 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 104 11 3-treatment 3-treatment CD en-wikipedia-org-860 104 12 loops loop NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 104 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 104 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 104 15 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 104 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 104 17 compare compare VB en-wikipedia-org-860 104 18 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 104 19 treatments treatment NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 104 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 105 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 105 2 methodology methodology NN en-wikipedia-org-860 105 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 105 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 105 5 trials trial NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 105 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 105 7 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 105 8 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-860 105 9 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 105 10 arms arm NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 105 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 105 12 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 105 13 arms arm NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 105 14 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-860 105 15 selected select VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 105 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 105 17 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 105 18 pair pair NN en-wikipedia-org-860 105 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 105 20 wise wise JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 105 21 comparisons comparison NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 105 22 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 105 23 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 105 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 106 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 106 2 alternative alternative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 106 3 methodology methodology NN en-wikipedia-org-860 106 4 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 106 5 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 106 6 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 106 7 modelling modelling NN en-wikipedia-org-860 106 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 106 9 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-860 106 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 106 11 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 106 12 arm arm NN en-wikipedia-org-860 106 13 trials trial NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 106 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 106 15 comparisons comparison NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 106 16 simultaneously simultaneously RB en-wikipedia-org-860 106 17 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 106 18 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-860 106 19 competing compete VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 106 20 treatments treatment NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 106 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 107 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-860 107 2 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 107 3 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 107 4 executed execute VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 107 5 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 107 6 Bayesian bayesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 107 7 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 107 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 107 9 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 107 10 linear linear NN en-wikipedia-org-860 107 11 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 107 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 107 13 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 107 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 107 15 regression regression NN en-wikipedia-org-860 107 16 approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 107 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 108 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 108 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 108 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 108 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 108 5 Bayesian Bayesian NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 108 6 framework[edit framework[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-860 108 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 108 8 Specifying specify VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 108 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 108 10 Bayesian bayesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 108 11 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-860 108 12 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 108 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 108 14 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 108 15 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 108 16 involves involve VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 108 17 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 108 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 108 19 directed direct VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 108 20 acyclic acyclic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 108 21 graph graph NN en-wikipedia-org-860 108 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 108 23 DAG DAG NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 108 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 108 25 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 108 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 108 27 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 108 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 108 29 purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-860 108 30 Markov Markov NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 108 31 chain chain NN en-wikipedia-org-860 108 32 Monte Monte NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 108 33 Carlo Carlo NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 108 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 108 35 MCMC MCMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 108 36 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 108 37 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-860 108 38 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 108 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 108 40 WinBUGS WinBUGS NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 108 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 109 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 109 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 109 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 109 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 109 5 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-860 109 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 109 7 prior prior JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 109 8 distributions distribution NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 109 9 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 109 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 109 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 109 12 specified specify VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 109 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 109 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 109 15 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-860 109 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 109 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 109 18 parameters parameter NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 109 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 109 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 109 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 109 22 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 109 23 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 109 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 109 25 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 109 26 supplied supply VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 109 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 109 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 109 29 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 109 30 format format NN en-wikipedia-org-860 109 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 110 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 110 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 110 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 110 4 Together together RB en-wikipedia-org-860 110 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 110 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 110 7 DAG DAG NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 110 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 110 9 priors prior NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 110 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 110 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 110 12 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 110 13 form form VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 110 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 110 15 Bayesian bayesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 110 16 hierarchical hierarchical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 110 17 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 110 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 111 1 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 111 2 complicate complicate VB en-wikipedia-org-860 111 3 matters matter NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 111 4 further far RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 111 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 111 6 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-860 111 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 111 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 111 9 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-860 111 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 111 11 MCMC MCMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 111 12 estimation estimation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 111 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 111 14 overdispersed overdisperse VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 111 15 starting start VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 111 16 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 111 17 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 111 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 111 19 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 111 20 chosen choose VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 111 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 111 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 111 23 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-860 111 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 111 25 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 111 26 chains chain NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 111 27 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-860 111 28 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 111 29 convergence convergence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 111 30 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 111 31 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 111 32 assessed assess VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 111 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 112 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 112 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 112 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 112 4 Currently currently RB en-wikipedia-org-860 112 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 112 6 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-860 112 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 112 8 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-860 112 9 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-860 112 10 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 112 11 automatically automatically RB en-wikipedia-org-860 112 12 generates generate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 112 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 112 14 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 112 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 112 16 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-860 112 17 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-860 112 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 112 19 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-860 112 20 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 112 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 112 22 aid aid VB en-wikipedia-org-860 112 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 112 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 112 25 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-860 112 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 113 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 113 2 complexity complexity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 113 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 113 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 113 5 Bayesian bayesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 113 6 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-860 113 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 113 8 limited limit VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 113 9 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 113 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 113 11 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 113 12 methodology methodology NN en-wikipedia-org-860 113 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 114 1 Methodology methodology NN en-wikipedia-org-860 114 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 114 3 automation automation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 114 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 114 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 114 6 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 114 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 114 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 114 9 suggested[48 suggested[48 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 114 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 114 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-860 114 12 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 114 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 114 14 arm arm NN en-wikipedia-org-860 114 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 114 16 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-860 114 17 outcome outcome NN en-wikipedia-org-860 114 18 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 114 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 114 20 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 114 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 114 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 114 23 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 114 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 114 25 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-860 114 26 unavailable unavailable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 114 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 115 1 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 115 2 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 115 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 115 4 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-860 115 5 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 115 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 115 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 115 8 inherent inherent JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 115 9 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-860 115 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 115 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 115 12 Bayesian bayesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 115 13 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-860 115 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 115 15 handle handle VB en-wikipedia-org-860 115 16 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-860 115 17 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 115 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 115 19 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 115 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 115 21 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-860 115 22 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 115 23 flexibility flexibility NN en-wikipedia-org-860 115 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 116 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-860 116 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 116 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 116 4 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-860 116 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 116 6 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 116 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 116 8 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-860 116 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 116 10 inference inference NN en-wikipedia-org-860 116 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 116 12 Bayesian bayesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 116 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 116 14 frequentist frequentist NN en-wikipedia-org-860 116 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 116 16 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 116 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 116 18 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 116 19 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 116 20 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-860 116 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 116 22 choices choice NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 116 23 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 116 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 116 25 modeling modeling NN en-wikipedia-org-860 116 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 116 27 effects[49 effects[49 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 116 28 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 116 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 116 30 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-860 116 31 discussion discussion NN en-wikipedia-org-860 116 32 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 116 33 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 116 34 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-860 116 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 116 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 117 1 Frequentist frequentist JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 117 2 multivariate multivariate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 117 3 framework[edit framework[edit , en-wikipedia-org-860 117 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 117 5 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 117 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 117 7 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 117 8 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-860 117 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 117 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 117 11 frequentist frequentist JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 117 12 multivariate multivariate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 117 13 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 117 14 involve involve VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 117 15 approximations approximation NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 117 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 117 17 assumptions assumption NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 117 18 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 117 19 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 117 20 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 117 21 stated state VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 117 22 explicitly explicitly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 117 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 117 24 verified verify VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 117 25 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 117 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 117 27 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 117 28 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 117 29 applied apply VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 117 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 117 31 see see VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 117 32 discussion discussion NN en-wikipedia-org-860 117 33 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 117 34 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 117 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 117 36 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 117 37 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 117 38 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-860 117 39 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 117 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 118 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 118 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-860 118 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 118 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 118 5 mvmeta mvmeta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 118 6 package package NN en-wikipedia-org-860 118 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 118 8 Stata Stata NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 118 9 enables enable VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 118 10 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-860 118 11 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 118 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 118 13 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 118 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 118 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 118 16 frequentist frequentist JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 118 17 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-860 118 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 119 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 119 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 119 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 119 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-860 119 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 119 6 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-860 119 7 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-860 119 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 119 9 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-860 119 10 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 119 11 comparator comparator NN en-wikipedia-org-860 119 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 119 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 119 14 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-860 119 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 119 16 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-860 119 17 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 119 18 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 119 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 119 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 119 21 handled handle VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 119 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 119 23 augmenting augment VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 119 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 119 25 dataset dataset NN en-wikipedia-org-860 119 26 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 119 27 fictional fictional JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 119 28 arms arm NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 119 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 119 30 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 119 31 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 119 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 119 33 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 119 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 119 35 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 119 36 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-860 119 37 objective objective JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 119 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 119 39 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 119 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 119 41 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-860 119 42 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 119 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 119 44 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-860 119 45 constitutes constitute VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 119 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 119 47 sufficiently sufficiently RB en-wikipedia-org-860 119 48 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 119 49 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 119 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 120 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 120 2 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 120 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 120 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 120 5 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 120 6 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-860 120 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 120 8 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-860 120 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 120 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 120 11 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 120 12 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 120 13 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 120 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 120 15 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-860 120 16 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 120 17 frequentist frequentist JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 120 18 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-860 120 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 120 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 120 21 Bayesian bayesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 120 22 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-860 120 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 121 1 Senn Senn NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 121 2 advises advise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 121 3 analysts analyst NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 121 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 121 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 121 6 cautious cautious JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 121 7 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-860 121 8 interpreting interpret VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 121 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 121 10 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-860 121 11 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 121 12 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 121 13 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-860 121 14 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 121 15 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-860 121 16 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-860 121 17 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-860 121 18 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 121 19 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 121 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 121 21 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 121 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 121 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-860 121 24 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 121 25 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-860 121 26 envisage envisage VB en-wikipedia-org-860 121 27 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 121 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 122 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 122 2 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 122 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 122 4 Senn Senn NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 122 5 goes go VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 122 6 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-860 122 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 122 8 say say VB en-wikipedia-org-860 122 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 122 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 122 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 122 12 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-860 122 13 naıve naıve JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 122 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 122 15 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-860 122 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 122 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 122 18 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-860 122 19 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 122 20 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-860 122 21 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 122 22 treatments treatment NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 122 23 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 122 24 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 122 25 compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 122 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 122 27 assume assume VB en-wikipedia-org-860 122 28 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 122 29 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 122 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 122 31 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 122 32 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 122 33 accounts account NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 122 34 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 122 35 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-860 122 36 uncertainty uncertainty NN en-wikipedia-org-860 122 37 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-860 122 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 122 39 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-860 122 40 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 122 41 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 122 42 vary vary VB en-wikipedia-org-860 122 43 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 122 44 trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-860 122 45 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 122 46 trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-860 122 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 123 1 Newer new JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 123 2 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 123 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 123 4 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 123 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 123 6 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 123 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 123 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 123 9 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-860 123 10 discussed discuss VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 123 11 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-860 123 12 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-860 123 13 certainly certainly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 123 14 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-860 123 15 alleviate alleviate VB en-wikipedia-org-860 123 16 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 123 17 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 123 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 123 19 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 123 20 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 123 21 implemented implement VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 123 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 123 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 123 24 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 123 25 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-860 123 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 124 1 Generalized generalize VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 124 2 pairwise pairwise NN en-wikipedia-org-860 124 3 modelling modelling NN en-wikipedia-org-860 124 4 framework[edit framework[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-860 124 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 124 6 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 124 7 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-860 124 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 124 9 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 124 10 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 124 11 tried try VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 124 12 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-860 124 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 124 14 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 124 15 1990s 1990s CD en-wikipedia-org-860 124 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 124 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 124 18 implementation implementation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 124 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 124 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 124 21 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 124 22 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-860 124 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 124 24 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 124 25 closed closed JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 124 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 124 27 loop loop NN en-wikipedia-org-860 124 28 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 124 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 125 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 125 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 125 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 125 4 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 125 5 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 125 6 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-860 125 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 125 8 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-860 125 9 rapidly rapidly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 125 10 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 125 11 overwhelming overwhelming JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 125 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 125 13 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-860 125 14 complexity complexity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 125 15 increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 125 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 126 1 Development development NN en-wikipedia-org-860 126 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 126 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 126 4 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-860 126 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 126 6 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-860 126 7 abandoned abandon VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 126 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 126 9 favor favor NN en-wikipedia-org-860 126 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 126 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 126 12 Bayesian bayesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 126 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 126 14 multivariate multivariate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 126 15 frequentist frequentist NN en-wikipedia-org-860 126 16 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 126 17 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 126 18 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 126 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 126 20 alternatives alternative NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 126 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 127 1 Very very RB en-wikipedia-org-860 127 2 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-860 127 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 127 4 automation automation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 127 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 127 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 127 7 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-860 127 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 127 9 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 127 10 closed closed JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 127 11 loop loop NN en-wikipedia-org-860 127 12 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 127 13 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 127 14 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 127 15 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 127 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 127 17 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 127 18 networks network NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 127 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 127 20 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-860 127 21 researchers[38 researchers[38 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 127 22 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 127 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 127 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 127 25 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-860 127 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 127 27 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-860 127 28 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 127 29 methodology methodology NN en-wikipedia-org-860 127 30 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 127 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 127 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 127 33 mainstream mainstream JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 127 34 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 127 35 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-860 127 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 128 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 128 2 proposal proposal NN en-wikipedia-org-860 128 3 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 128 4 restrict restrict VB en-wikipedia-org-860 128 5 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-860 128 6 trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-860 128 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 128 8 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 128 9 interventions intervention NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 128 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 128 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-860 128 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-860 128 13 introduces introduce VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 128 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 128 15 workaround workaround NN en-wikipedia-org-860 128 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 128 17 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 128 18 arm arm NN en-wikipedia-org-860 128 19 trials trial NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 128 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 128 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 128 22 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 128 23 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 128 24 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-860 128 25 node node NN en-wikipedia-org-860 128 26 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 128 27 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 128 28 selected select VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 128 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 128 30 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 128 31 runs run NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 128 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 129 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 129 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-860 129 3 utilizes utilize VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 129 4 robust robust JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 129 5 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 129 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 129 7 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 129 8 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 129 9 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-860 129 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 129 11 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 129 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 129 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 129 14 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 129 15 highlighted highlight VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 129 16 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-860 129 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 129 18 avoided avoid VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 129 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 130 1 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 130 2 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 130 3 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-860 130 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 130 5 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-860 130 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 130 7 required require VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 130 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 130 9 determine determine VB en-wikipedia-org-860 130 10 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-860 130 11 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 130 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 130 13 indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-860 130 14 superior superior JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 130 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 130 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 130 17 Bayesian bayesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 130 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 130 19 multivariate multivariate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 130 20 frequentist frequentist NN en-wikipedia-org-860 130 21 frameworks framework NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 130 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 131 1 Researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 131 2 willing willing JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 131 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 131 4 try try VB en-wikipedia-org-860 131 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 131 6 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-860 131 7 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-860 131 8 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-860 131 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 131 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 131 11 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-860 131 12 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-860 131 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 131 14 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 131 15 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-860 131 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 132 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 132 2 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 132 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 132 4 Tailored tailor VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 132 5 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 132 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 132 7 analysis[edit analysis[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-860 132 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 132 9 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-860 132 10 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-860 132 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 132 12 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 132 13 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-860 132 14 comes come VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 132 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 132 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 132 17 intended intend VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 132 18 setting setting NN en-wikipedia-org-860 132 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 133 1 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 133 3 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 4 setting set VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 133 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 6 applying apply VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 133 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 133 8 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 133 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 133 10 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 11 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 133 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 133 13 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 14 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-860 133 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 133 16 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 133 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 133 18 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 133 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 133 20 use use VB en-wikipedia-org-860 133 21 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 133 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 133 24 setting setting NN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 133 26 tailor tailor VB en-wikipedia-org-860 133 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 133 28 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 133 29 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-860 133 30 producing produce VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 133 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 133 32 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-860 133 33 tailored tailor VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 34 meta meta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 133 36 analysis' analysis' NN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 133 38 ,[52][53 ,[52][53 ADD en-wikipedia-org-860 133 39 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 133 40 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 133 41 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 133 42 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 43 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 45 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 46 accuracy accuracy NN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 47 meta meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 133 48 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 133 49 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 133 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 133 51 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 133 52 empirical empirical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 133 53 knowledge knowledge NN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 133 56 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 57 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 133 58 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 133 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 133 61 prevalence prevalence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 62 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 133 63 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 64 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 65 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 133 66 derive derive VB en-wikipedia-org-860 133 67 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 133 68 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 69 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 70 Receiver Receiver NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 133 71 Operating operate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 133 72 Characteristic characteristic NN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 73 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 133 74 ROC ROC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 133 75 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 133 76 space space NN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 77 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 78 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 79 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 133 80 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-860 133 81 applicable applicable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 133 82 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-860 133 83 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-860 133 84 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 134 1 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 134 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 134 3 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-860 134 4 selected select VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 134 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 134 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 134 7 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-860 134 8 setting set VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 134 9 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 134 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 134 11 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-860 134 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 134 13 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 134 14 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-860 134 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 134 16 aggregated aggregate VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 134 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 134 18 produce produce VB en-wikipedia-org-860 134 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 134 20 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-860 134 21 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 134 22 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 134 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 134 24 tailored tailor VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 134 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 134 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 134 27 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-860 134 28 setting set VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 134 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 135 1 Aggregating aggregate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 135 2 IPD IPD NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 135 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 135 4 AD[edit AD[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 135 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 135 6 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 135 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 135 8 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 135 9 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 135 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-860 135 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 135 12 applied apply VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 135 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 135 14 combine combine VB en-wikipedia-org-860 135 15 IPD IPD NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 135 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 135 17 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-860 135 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 136 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 136 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 136 3 convenient convenient JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 136 4 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 136 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 136 6 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 136 7 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-860 136 8 conduct conduct VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 136 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 136 10 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 136 11 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 136 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-860 136 13 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 136 14 raw raw JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 136 15 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 136 16 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-860 136 17 collecting collect VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 136 18 aggregate aggregate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 136 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 136 20 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-860 136 21 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 136 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 136 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 136 24 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-860 136 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 137 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 137 2 generalized generalized JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 137 3 integration integration NN en-wikipedia-org-860 137 4 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 137 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 137 6 GIM)[54 GIM)[54 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 137 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 137 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 137 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 137 10 generalization generalization NN en-wikipedia-org-860 137 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 137 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 137 13 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 137 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 137 15 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 137 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 138 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 138 2 allows allow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 138 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 138 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 138 5 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 138 6 fitted fit VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 138 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 138 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 138 9 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 138 10 participant participant NN en-wikipedia-org-860 138 11 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 138 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 138 13 IPD IPD NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 138 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 138 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 138 16 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 138 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 138 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 138 19 ones one NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 138 20 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 138 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 138 22 compute compute VB en-wikipedia-org-860 138 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 138 24 aggregate aggregate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 138 25 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 138 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 138 27 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-860 138 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 138 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 139 1 GIM GIM NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 139 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 139 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 139 4 viewed view VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 139 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 139 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 139 7 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 139 8 calibration calibration NN en-wikipedia-org-860 139 9 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 139 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 139 11 integrating integrate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 139 12 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-860 139 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 139 14 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 139 15 flexibility flexibility NN en-wikipedia-org-860 139 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 140 1 Validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 140 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 140 3 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 140 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 140 5 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 140 6 results[edit results[edit , en-wikipedia-org-860 140 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 140 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 140 9 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 140 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 140 11 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 140 12 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 140 13 represents represent VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 140 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 140 15 weighted weighted JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 140 16 average average NN en-wikipedia-org-860 140 17 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-860 140 18 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 140 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 140 20 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 140 21 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-860 140 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 140 23 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 140 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 140 25 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 140 26 result result VB en-wikipedia-org-860 140 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 140 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 140 29 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-860 140 30 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 140 31 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 140 32 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 140 33 representative representative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 140 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 140 35 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 140 36 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 140 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 141 1 Qualitative qualitative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 141 2 appraisal appraisal NN en-wikipedia-org-860 141 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 141 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 141 5 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 141 6 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 141 7 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 141 8 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 141 9 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 141 10 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 141 11 uncover uncover VB en-wikipedia-org-860 141 12 potential potential JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 141 13 biases,[55][56 biases,[55][56 , en-wikipedia-org-860 141 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 141 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-860 141 16 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 141 17 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 141 18 quantify quantify VB en-wikipedia-org-860 141 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 141 20 aggregate aggregate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 141 21 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 141 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 141 23 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-860 141 24 biases bias NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 141 25 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 141 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 141 27 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-860 141 28 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 141 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 142 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-860 142 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 142 3 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 142 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 142 5 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 142 6 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-860 142 7 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-860 142 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 142 9 compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 142 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 142 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 142 12 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 142 13 prospective prospective JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 142 14 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 142 15 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 142 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 142 17 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 142 18 external external JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 142 19 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 142 20 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 142 21 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-860 142 22 impractical impractical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 142 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 143 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 143 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 143 3 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 143 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 143 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 143 6 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-860 143 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 143 8 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 143 9 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 143 10 exploit exploit VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 143 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 143 12 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-860 143 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 143 14 leave leave VB en-wikipedia-org-860 143 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 143 16 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-860 143 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 143 18 out out NN en-wikipedia-org-860 143 19 cross cross NN en-wikipedia-org-860 143 20 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 143 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 143 22 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-860 143 23 referred refer VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 143 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 143 25 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-860 143 26 internal internal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 143 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 143 28 external external JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 143 29 cross cross NN en-wikipedia-org-860 143 30 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 143 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 143 32 IOCV IOCV NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 143 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 143 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 144 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 144 2 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 144 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 144 4 Here here RB en-wikipedia-org-860 144 5 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-860 144 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 144 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 144 8 k k XX en-wikipedia-org-860 144 9 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 144 10 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 144 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 144 12 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-860 144 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 144 14 omitted omit VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 144 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 144 16 compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 144 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 144 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 144 19 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-860 144 20 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 144 21 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 144 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 144 23 aggregating aggregate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 144 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 144 25 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 144 26 k- k- NN en-wikipedia-org-860 144 27 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 144 28 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 144 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 145 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 145 2 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 145 3 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 145 4 statistic statistic NN en-wikipedia-org-860 145 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 145 6 Vn Vn NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 145 7 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 145 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 145 9 IOCV IOCV NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 145 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 145 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 145 12 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 145 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 145 14 measure measure VB en-wikipedia-org-860 145 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 145 16 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 145 17 validity validity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 145 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 145 19 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 145 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 145 21 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 145 22 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 145 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 146 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 146 2 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 146 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 146 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 146 5 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-860 146 6 accuracy accuracy NN en-wikipedia-org-860 146 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 146 8 prediction prediction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 146 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 146 10 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 146 11 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 146 12 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-860 146 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 146 14 multivariate multivariate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 146 15 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 146 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 146 17 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 146 18 approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 146 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 146 20 seek seek VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 146 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 146 22 estimate estimate VB en-wikipedia-org-860 146 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 146 24 prediction prediction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 146 25 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-860 146 26 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 146 27 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-860 146 28 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 146 29 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 146 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 147 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 147 2 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 147 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 147 4 Challenges[edit challenges[edit JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 147 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 147 6 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 147 7 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 147 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 147 9 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 147 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 147 11 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 147 12 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 147 13 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 147 14 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 147 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 147 16 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-860 147 17 predict predict VB en-wikipedia-org-860 147 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 147 19 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 147 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 147 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 147 22 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 147 23 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 147 24 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 147 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 148 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 148 2 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 148 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 148 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-860 148 5 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 148 6 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 148 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 148 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 148 9 weakness weakness NN en-wikipedia-org-860 148 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 148 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 148 12 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 148 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 148 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 148 15 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 148 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 148 17 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 148 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 148 19 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 148 20 controlled control VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 148 21 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 148 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 148 23 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 148 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 148 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 148 26 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 148 27 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 148 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 148 29 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 148 30 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 148 31 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 148 32 correct correct VB en-wikipedia-org-860 148 33 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 148 34 poor poor JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 148 35 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-860 148 36 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 148 37 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 148 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 148 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 148 40 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 148 41 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 148 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 149 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 149 2 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 149 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 149 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 149 5 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-860 149 6 mean mean VB en-wikipedia-org-860 149 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 149 8 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-860 149 9 methodologically methodologically RB en-wikipedia-org-860 149 10 sound sound JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 149 11 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 149 12 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-860 149 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 149 14 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 149 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 149 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 149 17 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 149 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 149 19 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 149 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 149 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 149 22 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-860 149 23 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 149 24 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-860 149 25 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-860 149 26 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 149 27 synthesis synthesis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 149 28 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-860 149 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 150 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 150 2 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 150 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 150 4 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 150 5 meta meta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 150 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 150 7 analysts analyst NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 150 8 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-860 150 9 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-860 150 10 weaker weak JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 150 11 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 150 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 150 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 150 14 add add VB en-wikipedia-org-860 150 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 150 16 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 150 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 150 18 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-860 150 19 predictor predictor NN en-wikipedia-org-860 150 20 variable variable NN en-wikipedia-org-860 150 21 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 150 22 reflects reflect VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 150 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 150 24 methodological methodological JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 150 25 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 150 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 150 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 150 28 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 150 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 150 30 examine examine VB en-wikipedia-org-860 150 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 150 32 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 150 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 150 34 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 150 35 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 150 36 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 150 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 150 38 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 150 39 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-860 150 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 151 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 151 2 62 62 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 151 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 151 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-860 151 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 151 6 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 151 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 151 8 argued argue VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 151 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 151 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 151 11 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 151 12 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-860 151 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 151 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 151 15 preserve preserve VB en-wikipedia-org-860 151 16 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-860 151 17 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-860 151 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 151 19 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 151 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 151 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 151 22 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 151 23 sample sample NN en-wikipedia-org-860 151 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 151 25 casting cast VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 151 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 151 27 wide wide RB en-wikipedia-org-860 151 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 151 29 net net NN en-wikipedia-org-860 151 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 151 31 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 151 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 151 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 151 34 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 151 35 methodological methodological JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 151 36 selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-860 151 37 criteria criterion NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 151 38 introduce introduce VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 151 39 unwanted unwanted JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 151 40 subjectivity subjectivity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 151 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 151 42 defeating defeat VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 151 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 151 44 purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-860 151 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 151 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 151 47 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-860 151 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 152 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 152 2 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 152 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 152 4 Publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 152 5 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 152 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 152 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 152 8 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-860 152 9 drawer drawer NN en-wikipedia-org-860 152 10 problem[edit problem[edit : en-wikipedia-org-860 152 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 152 12 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 152 13 funnel funnel NN en-wikipedia-org-860 152 14 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 152 15 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 152 16 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-860 152 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 152 18 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-860 152 19 drawer drawer NN en-wikipedia-org-860 152 20 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-860 152 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 153 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 153 2 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-860 153 3 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 153 4 converge converge VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 153 5 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-860 153 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 153 7 tip tip NN en-wikipedia-org-860 153 8 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-860 153 9 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 153 10 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 153 11 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 153 12 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 153 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 153 14 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 153 15 symmetrical symmetrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 153 16 scatter scatter NN en-wikipedia-org-860 153 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-860 153 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 153 19 base base NN en-wikipedia-org-860 153 20 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 153 21 funnel funnel NN en-wikipedia-org-860 153 22 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 153 23 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 153 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 153 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 153 26 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-860 153 27 drawer drawer NN en-wikipedia-org-860 153 28 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-860 153 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 154 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 154 2 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-860 154 3 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 154 4 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-860 154 5 cluster cluster VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 154 6 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 154 8 tip tip NN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 154 10 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-860 154 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 154 12 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 13 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 14 publishing publish VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 154 15 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 154 16 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 154 17 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 154 18 caused cause VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 154 20 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 154 21 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 154 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 154 24 whole whole NN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 154 26 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-860 154 27 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 154 28 unjustifiably unjustifiably RB en-wikipedia-org-860 154 29 favorable favorable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 154 30 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 154 33 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 34 Another another DT en-wikipedia-org-860 154 35 potential potential JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 154 36 pitfall pitfall NN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 37 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 154 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 154 39 reliance reliance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 40 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 154 42 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 154 43 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 45 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 46 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 154 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 154 48 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 154 49 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 154 50 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-860 154 51 exaggerated exaggerated JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 154 52 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 154 53 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 54 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 55 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 56 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 154 58 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 59 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 154 60 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 154 61 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 154 62 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 154 63 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 154 64 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 154 65 insignificant insignificant JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 154 66 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 154 67 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 154 68 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 154 69 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 154 70 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 154 71 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 154 72 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 154 73 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 155 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 155 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-860 155 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 155 4 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical NN en-wikipedia-org-860 155 5 companies company NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 155 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 155 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 155 8 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 155 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 155 10 hide hide VB en-wikipedia-org-860 155 11 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 155 12 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 155 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 155 14 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 155 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 155 16 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-860 155 17 overlooked overlook VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 155 18 unpublished unpublished JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 155 19 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 155 20 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 155 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 155 22 dissertation dissertation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 155 23 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 155 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 155 25 conference conference NN en-wikipedia-org-860 155 26 abstracts abstract NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 155 27 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 155 28 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 155 29 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 155 30 reach reach VB en-wikipedia-org-860 155 31 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 155 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 156 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 156 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 156 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 156 4 easily easily RB en-wikipedia-org-860 156 5 solved solve VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 156 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 156 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 156 8 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 156 9 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 156 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 156 11 know know VB en-wikipedia-org-860 156 12 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 156 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 156 14 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 156 15 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 156 16 gone go VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 156 17 unreported unreported JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 156 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 157 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 157 2 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 157 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 157 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 157 5 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 6 drawer drawer NN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 7 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 157 9 characterized characterize VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 11 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 157 12 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 157 13 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 157 14 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 157 15 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 157 16 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 157 17 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 157 18 tucked tuck VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 19 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-860 157 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 157 22 cabinet cabinet NN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 157 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 157 25 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 157 26 result result VB en-wikipedia-org-860 157 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 157 29 biased biased JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 157 30 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 32 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 33 sizes size NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 157 34 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-860 157 35 creating create VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 157 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 157 37 serious serious JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 157 38 base base NN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 39 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 40 fallacy fallacy NN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 157 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 43 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 157 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 157 45 significance significance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 157 48 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 49 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 157 50 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 157 51 overestimated overestimate VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 157 53 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 54 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 157 55 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 157 56 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 157 57 either either RB en-wikipedia-org-860 157 58 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 157 59 submitted submit VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 60 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 61 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 62 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 157 63 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 157 64 rejected reject VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 157 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 158 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 158 2 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-860 158 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 158 4 seriously seriously RB en-wikipedia-org-860 158 5 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 158 6 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 158 7 interpreting interpret VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 158 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 158 9 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 158 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 158 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 158 12 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 158 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 158 14 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 158 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 159 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 159 2 64][65 64][65 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 159 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 159 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 159 5 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-860 159 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 159 7 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 159 8 sizes size NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 159 9 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 159 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 159 11 visualized visualize VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 159 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 159 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 159 14 funnel funnel NN en-wikipedia-org-860 159 15 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 159 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 159 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 159 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 159 19 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-860 159 20 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-860 159 21 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 159 22 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-860 159 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 159 24 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 159 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 159 26 scatter scatter NN en-wikipedia-org-860 159 27 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 159 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 159 29 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 159 30 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-860 159 31 versus versus IN en-wikipedia-org-860 159 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 159 33 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 159 34 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-860 159 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 160 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 160 2 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 160 3 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-860 160 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 160 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 160 6 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-860 160 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 160 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 160 9 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 160 10 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 160 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 160 12 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-860 160 13 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 160 14 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 160 15 errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 160 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 160 17 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 160 18 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 160 19 scatter scatter NN en-wikipedia-org-860 160 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 160 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 160 22 magnitude magnitude NN en-wikipedia-org-860 160 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 160 24 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 160 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 160 26 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 160 27 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 160 28 precise precise JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 160 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 160 30 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-860 160 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 160 32 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 160 33 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 160 34 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 160 35 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 160 36 scatter scatter NN en-wikipedia-org-860 160 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 160 38 form form VB en-wikipedia-org-860 160 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 160 40 tip tip NN en-wikipedia-org-860 160 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 160 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 160 43 funnel funnel NN en-wikipedia-org-860 160 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 161 1 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-860 161 2 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 161 3 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 161 4 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 161 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 161 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 161 7 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 161 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 161 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 161 10 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 161 11 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 161 12 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 161 13 give give VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 161 14 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-860 161 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 161 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 161 17 funnel funnel NN en-wikipedia-org-860 161 18 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 161 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 161 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 161 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 161 22 base base NN en-wikipedia-org-860 161 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 161 24 skewed skew VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 161 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 161 26 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-860 161 27 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-860 161 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 161 29 asymmetry asymmetry NN en-wikipedia-org-860 161 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 161 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 161 32 funnel funnel NN en-wikipedia-org-860 161 33 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 161 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 161 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 162 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 162 2 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-860 162 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 162 4 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 162 5 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-860 162 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 162 7 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-860 162 8 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 162 9 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 162 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 162 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 162 12 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 162 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 162 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 162 15 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 162 16 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 162 17 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 162 18 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-860 162 19 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-860 162 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 162 21 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 162 22 skewed skew VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 162 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 162 24 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-860 162 25 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-860 162 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 162 27 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-860 162 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 162 29 symmetric symmetric JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 162 30 funnel funnel NN en-wikipedia-org-860 162 31 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 162 32 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 162 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 163 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 163 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-860 163 3 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 163 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 163 5 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-860 163 6 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-860 163 7 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 163 8 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 163 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 163 10 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 163 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 163 12 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-860 163 13 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-860 163 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 163 15 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-860 163 16 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-860 163 17 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 163 18 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 163 19 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-860 163 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 163 21 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 163 22 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-860 163 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 164 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 164 2 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 164 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 164 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 164 5 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 164 6 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 164 7 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 164 8 relation relation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 164 9 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 164 10 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 164 11 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-860 164 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 164 13 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 164 14 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-860 164 15 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-860 164 16 imply imply VB en-wikipedia-org-860 164 17 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 164 18 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 164 19 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 164 20 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 164 21 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 164 22 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 164 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 164 24 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-860 164 25 direction direction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 164 26 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-860 164 27 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 164 28 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 164 29 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 164 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 164 31 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 164 32 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 164 33 and/or and/or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 164 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 164 35 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 164 36 submitted submit VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 164 37 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 164 38 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 164 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 165 1 Apart apart RB en-wikipedia-org-860 165 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 165 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 165 4 visual visual JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 165 5 funnel funnel NN en-wikipedia-org-860 165 6 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 165 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 165 8 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 165 9 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 165 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 165 11 detecting detect VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 165 12 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 165 13 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 165 14 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 165 15 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-860 165 16 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 165 17 proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 165 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 166 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-860 166 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 166 3 controversial controversial JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 166 4 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-860 166 5 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 166 6 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-860 166 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 166 8 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 166 9 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-860 166 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 166 11 detection detection NN en-wikipedia-org-860 166 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 166 13 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 166 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 166 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-860 166 16 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-860 166 17 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 166 18 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-860 166 19 false false JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 166 20 positives positive NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 166 21 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-860 166 22 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-860 166 23 circumstances circumstance NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 166 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 167 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 167 2 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 167 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 167 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 167 5 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 167 6 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 167 7 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 167 8 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 167 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 167 10 biased biased JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 167 11 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 167 12 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 167 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 167 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 167 15 wherein wherein WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 167 16 methodological methodological JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 167 17 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 167 18 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 167 19 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 167 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 167 21 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 167 22 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 167 23 exist exist VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 167 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 167 25 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 167 26 cause cause VB en-wikipedia-org-860 167 27 asymmetry asymmetry NN en-wikipedia-org-860 167 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 167 29 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 167 30 sizes size NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 167 31 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 167 32 resembles resemble VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 167 33 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 167 34 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 167 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 168 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-860 168 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 168 3 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 168 4 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 168 5 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 168 6 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 168 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 168 8 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-860 168 9 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-860 168 10 problematic problematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 168 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 168 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 168 13 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 168 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 168 15 meta meta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 168 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 168 17 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 168 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 168 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 168 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 168 21 imperative imperative NN en-wikipedia-org-860 168 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 168 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 168 24 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 168 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 168 26 analytic analytic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 168 27 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 168 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 168 29 investigate investigate VB en-wikipedia-org-860 168 30 potential potential JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 168 31 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 168 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 168 33 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 168 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 169 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 169 2 Tandem Tandem NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 169 3 Method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 169 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 169 5 analyzing analyze VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 169 6 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 169 7 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 169 8 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 169 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 169 10 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 169 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 169 12 cutting cut VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 169 13 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-860 169 14 false false JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 169 15 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 169 16 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-860 169 17 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 169 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 170 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 170 2 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 170 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 170 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 170 5 Tandem Tandem NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 170 6 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 170 7 consists consist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 170 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 170 9 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-860 170 10 stages stage NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 170 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 171 1 Firstly firstly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 171 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 171 3 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 171 4 calculates calculate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 171 5 Orwin Orwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 171 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 171 7 fail fail NN en-wikipedia-org-860 171 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 171 9 safe safe JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 171 10 N n NN en-wikipedia-org-860 171 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 171 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 171 13 check check VB en-wikipedia-org-860 171 14 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 171 15 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 171 16 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 171 17 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-860 171 18 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 171 19 added add VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 171 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 171 21 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-860 171 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 171 23 reduce reduce VB en-wikipedia-org-860 171 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 171 25 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-860 171 26 statistic statistic NN en-wikipedia-org-860 171 27 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 171 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 171 29 trivial trivial JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 171 30 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-860 171 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 172 1 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 172 3 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 5 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 172 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 172 7 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 172 8 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 172 10 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 12 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 172 13 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 172 16 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 172 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 172 18 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 172 20 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 172 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 172 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 172 23 sign sign NN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 24 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 25 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-860 172 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 172 27 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-860 172 28 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 29 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 172 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 33 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-860 172 34 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 172 36 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 172 37 needs need VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 172 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 172 39 lot lot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 41 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 172 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 172 43 reduce reduce VB en-wikipedia-org-860 172 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 172 45 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 46 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-860 172 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 173 1 Secondly secondly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 173 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 173 3 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 173 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 173 5 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-860 173 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 173 7 Egger Egger NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 173 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 173 9 regression regression NN en-wikipedia-org-860 173 10 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-860 173 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 173 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 173 13 tests test VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 173 14 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-860 173 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 173 16 funnel funnel NN en-wikipedia-org-860 173 17 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 173 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 173 19 symmetrical symmetrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 173 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 174 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 174 2 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 174 3 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-860 174 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 174 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 174 6 symmetrical symmetrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 174 7 funnel funnel NN en-wikipedia-org-860 174 8 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 174 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 174 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 174 11 sign sign NN en-wikipedia-org-860 174 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 174 13 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-860 174 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 174 15 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-860 174 16 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 174 17 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 174 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 174 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 174 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 174 21 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 174 22 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-860 174 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 174 24 sample sample NN en-wikipedia-org-860 174 25 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-860 174 26 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 174 27 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 174 28 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 174 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 175 1 Thirdly thirdly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 175 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 175 3 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 175 4 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 175 5 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-860 175 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 175 7 trim trim VB en-wikipedia-org-860 175 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 175 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 175 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 175 11 fill fill NN en-wikipedia-org-860 175 12 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 175 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 175 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 175 15 imputes impute VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 175 16 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 175 17 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-860 175 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 175 19 funnel funnel NN en-wikipedia-org-860 175 20 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 175 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 175 22 asymmetrical asymmetrical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 175 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 176 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 176 2 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-860 176 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 176 4 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 176 5 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 176 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 176 7 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 176 8 trivial trivial JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 176 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 176 10 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 176 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 176 12 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 176 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 176 14 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 176 15 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-860 176 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 176 17 meta meta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 176 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 176 19 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 176 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 176 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 176 22 psychological psychological JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 176 23 sciences science NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 176 24 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 176 25 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-860 176 26 suffered suffer VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 176 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 176 28 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 176 29 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 176 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 177 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 177 2 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 177 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 177 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-860 177 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 177 6 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 177 7 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-860 177 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 177 9 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 177 10 tests test NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 177 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 177 12 problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 177 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 177 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 177 15 visual visual JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 177 16 appearance appearance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 177 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 177 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 177 19 funnel funnel NN en-wikipedia-org-860 177 20 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 177 21 remain remain VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 177 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 177 23 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-860 177 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 177 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 177 26 estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 177 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 177 28 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 177 29 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 177 30 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 177 31 remain remain VB en-wikipedia-org-860 177 32 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 177 33 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-860 177 34 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-860 177 35 truly truly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 177 36 exists exist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 177 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 178 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-860 178 2 discussions discussion NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 178 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 178 4 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 178 5 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 178 6 focus focus NN en-wikipedia-org-860 178 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 178 8 journal journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 178 9 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 178 10 favoring favor VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 178 11 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 178 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 178 13 statistically statistically RB en-wikipedia-org-860 178 14 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 178 15 findings finding NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 178 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 179 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-860 179 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 179 3 questionable questionable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 179 4 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 179 5 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 179 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 179 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 179 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 179 9 reworking rework VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 179 10 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 179 11 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 179 12 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-860 179 13 significance significance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 179 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 179 15 achieved achieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 179 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 179 17 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 179 18 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-860 179 19 favor favor VB en-wikipedia-org-860 179 20 statistically statistically RB en-wikipedia-org-860 179 21 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 179 22 findings finding NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 179 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 179 24 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-860 179 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 179 26 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 179 27 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-860 179 28 hypotheses hypothesis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 179 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 180 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 180 2 69][70 69][70 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 180 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 180 4 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 180 5 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 180 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 180 7 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 180 8 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 180 9 reporting report VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 180 10 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 180 11 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 180 12 statistically statistically RB en-wikipedia-org-860 180 13 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 180 14 effects[edit effects[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-860 180 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 180 16 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 180 17 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-860 180 18 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 180 19 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 180 20 report report VB en-wikipedia-org-860 180 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 180 22 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 180 23 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 180 24 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 180 25 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 180 26 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 180 27 reach reach VB en-wikipedia-org-860 180 28 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 180 29 significance[citation significance[citation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 180 30 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 180 31 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 180 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 181 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 181 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-860 181 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 181 4 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 181 5 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 181 6 simply simply RB en-wikipedia-org-860 181 7 say say VB en-wikipedia-org-860 181 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 181 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 181 10 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 181 11 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 181 12 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 181 13 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-860 181 14 statistically statistically RB en-wikipedia-org-860 181 15 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 181 16 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 181 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 181 18 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-860 181 19 reporting report VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 181 20 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-860 181 21 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 181 22 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-860 181 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 181 24 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-860 182 1 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 182 2 statistic statistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 182 3 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 182 4 p p NN en-wikipedia-org-860 182 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 182 6 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-860 182 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 182 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 183 1 Exclusion exclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-860 183 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 183 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-860 183 4 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 183 5 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-860 183 6 lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-860 183 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 183 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 183 9 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 183 10 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 183 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 183 12 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 183 13 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 183 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 183 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-860 183 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-860 183 17 inclusion inclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-860 183 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 183 19 assuming assume VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 183 20 null null JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 183 21 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 183 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 183 23 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-860 183 24 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-860 183 25 bias bias VB en-wikipedia-org-860 183 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 183 27 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 183 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 183 29 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 183 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 184 1 MetaNSUE MetaNSUE NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 184 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 184 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 184 4 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 184 5 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 184 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 184 7 Joaquim Joaquim NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 184 8 Radua Radua NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 184 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 184 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 184 11 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 184 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 184 13 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-860 184 14 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 184 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 184 16 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-860 184 17 unbiasedly unbiasedly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 184 18 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-860 184 19 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 184 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 185 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 185 2 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 185 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 185 4 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-860 185 5 steps step NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 185 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 185 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 185 8 follows follow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 185 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 185 10 Maximum maximum JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 185 11 likelihood likelihood NN en-wikipedia-org-860 185 12 estimation estimation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 185 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 185 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 185 15 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 185 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 185 17 analytic analytic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 185 18 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 185 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 185 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 185 21 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 185 22 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 185 23 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 185 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 186 1 Multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 186 2 imputation imputation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 186 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 186 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 186 5 NSUEs nsue NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 186 6 adding add VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 186 7 noise noise NN en-wikipedia-org-860 186 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 186 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 186 10 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 186 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 186 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 186 13 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 186 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 187 1 Separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 187 2 meta meta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 187 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 187 4 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 187 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 187 6 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-860 187 7 imputed impute VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 187 8 dataset dataset NN en-wikipedia-org-860 187 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 188 1 Pooling pool VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 188 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 188 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 188 4 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 188 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 188 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-860 188 7 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 188 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 188 9 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 188 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 189 1 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 189 2 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 189 5 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 189 6 approach[edit approach[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-860 189 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 189 8 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 189 9 weaknesses weakness NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 189 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 189 11 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 189 13 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 189 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 189 15 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 16 determined determine VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 17 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 189 19 statistically statistically RB en-wikipedia-org-860 189 20 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-860 189 21 accurate accurate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 189 22 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 24 combining combine VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 189 25 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 189 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 189 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 189 28 fixed fixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 189 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 189 30 IVhet IVhet NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 189 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 189 32 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 189 33 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 189 34 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 35 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 36 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 189 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 189 38 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 189 40 criticism criticism NN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 41 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 189 43 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 189 44 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 189 45 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 46 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 189 47 mounting mount VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 189 48 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 189 51 perception perception NN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 52 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 189 54 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 189 55 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 189 56 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 189 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 189 58 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 59 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 60 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 189 61 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 189 62 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 189 64 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 189 65 essentially essentially RB en-wikipedia-org-860 189 66 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 189 67 devices device NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 189 68 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 189 69 facilitate facilitate VB en-wikipedia-org-860 189 70 smoothing smoothing NN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 71 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 189 72 shrinkage shrinkage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 73 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 189 74 prediction prediction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 75 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 189 76 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 189 77 impossible impossible JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 189 78 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 189 79 ill ill RB en-wikipedia-org-860 189 80 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 189 81 advised advise VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 189 82 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 190 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 190 2 72 72 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 190 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 190 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 190 5 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 190 6 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 190 9 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 190 10 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 190 11 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 190 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 190 15 uses use VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 190 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 190 17 classic classic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 190 18 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 190 19 thought thought NN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 21 generating generate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 190 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 190 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 190 24 compromise compromise NN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 25 estimator estimator NN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 190 27 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 190 28 makes make VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 190 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 190 30 weights weight NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 190 31 close close RB en-wikipedia-org-860 190 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 190 34 naturally naturally RB en-wikipedia-org-860 190 35 weighted weight VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 36 estimator estimator NN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 37 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 38 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 39 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 40 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 190 41 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 190 42 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 190 43 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-860 190 44 close close JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 190 45 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 190 47 inverse inverse NN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 48 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 49 weighted weight VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 190 50 estimator estimator NN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 51 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 190 53 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 54 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 55 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 190 56 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 190 57 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 190 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 191 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-860 191 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 191 3 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-860 191 4 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 191 5 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 191 6 ignored ignore VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 191 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 191 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 191 9 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 191 10 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 191 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 191 12 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 191 13 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 191 14 choose choose VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 191 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 191 16 analyze analyze VB en-wikipedia-org-860 191 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 191 18 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 191 19 dataset dataset NN en-wikipedia-org-860 191 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 191 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 191 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 191 23 mechanism mechanism NN en-wikipedia-org-860 191 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 191 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 191 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 191 27 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 191 28 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 191 29 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-860 191 30 being being NN en-wikipedia-org-860 191 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 192 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 192 2 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 192 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 192 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 192 5 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 192 6 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 192 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 192 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 192 9 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 192 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 192 11 either either DT en-wikipedia-org-860 192 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 192 13 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-860 192 14 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 192 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 192 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-860 192 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 192 18 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 192 19 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 192 20 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 192 21 quite quite RB en-wikipedia-org-860 192 22 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 192 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 193 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-860 193 2 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 193 3 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-860 193 4 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 193 6 think think VB en-wikipedia-org-860 193 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 193 8 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 9 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 193 11 data data NN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 193 13 generation generation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 14 mechanism mechanism NN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 193 16 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 193 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 193 19 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 193 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 21 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 193 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-860 193 24 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 193 25 sub sub NN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 193 27 fields field NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 193 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 29 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 193 30 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 193 31 developed develop VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 193 33 habit habit NN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 35 assuming assume VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 193 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 193 37 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 38 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 193 40 simulations simulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 193 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 193 42 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 193 44 data data NN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 193 46 generation generation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 47 mechanism mechanism NN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 193 49 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 193 51 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 193 52 identical identical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 193 53 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 193 55 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 56 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 193 57 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 193 58 choose choose VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 193 59 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 193 60 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 193 61 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-860 193 62 like like VB en-wikipedia-org-860 193 63 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 193 64 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 193 65 choose choose VB en-wikipedia-org-860 193 66 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 193 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 194 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 194 3 hypothesized hypothesize VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 4 mechanisms mechanism NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 194 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 6 producing produce VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 194 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 194 8 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 194 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 194 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 194 11 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 194 12 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 13 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 15 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 194 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 194 17 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 194 19 silly silly JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 194 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 194 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 194 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 194 23 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 194 24 appropriate appropriate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 194 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 194 26 think think VB en-wikipedia-org-860 194 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 28 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 194 29 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 194 32 superficial superficial JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 194 33 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 194 35 something something NN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 36 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 194 37 choose choose VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 194 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 39 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 194 40 analytical analytical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 194 41 tool tool NN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 42 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 194 43 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-860 194 44 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 194 45 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 46 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 47 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 194 48 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 194 49 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 50 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 194 51 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 194 52 work work VB en-wikipedia-org-860 194 53 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 194 55 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 56 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 194 57 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 194 58 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 194 59 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 60 feature feature NN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 194 63 respective respective JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 194 64 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 194 65 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 194 66 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 67 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 194 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 194 69 probability probability NN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 70 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 71 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 194 72 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-860 194 73 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 194 74 descriptive descriptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 194 75 tool tool NN en-wikipedia-org-860 194 76 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 195 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 195 2 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 195 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 195 4 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 195 5 arising arise VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 195 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 195 7 agenda agenda NN en-wikipedia-org-860 195 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 195 9 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 195 10 bias[edit bias[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-860 195 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 195 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 195 13 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-860 195 14 severe severe JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 195 15 fault fault NN en-wikipedia-org-860 195 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 195 17 meta meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 195 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 195 19 analysis[74 analysis[74 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 195 20 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 195 21 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-860 195 22 occurs occur VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 195 23 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 195 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 195 25 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-860 195 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 195 27 persons person NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 195 28 doing do VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 195 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 195 30 meta meta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 195 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 195 32 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 195 33 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 195 34 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 195 35 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 195 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 195 37 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 195 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 195 39 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 195 40 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 195 41 agenda agenda NN en-wikipedia-org-860 195 42 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 195 43 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 195 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 195 45 passage passage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 195 46 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 195 47 defeat defeat NN en-wikipedia-org-860 195 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 195 49 legislation legislation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 195 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 196 1 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 196 2 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 196 3 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-860 196 4 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 196 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 196 6 agendas agenda NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 196 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 196 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 196 9 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 196 10 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 196 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 196 12 abuse abuse VB en-wikipedia-org-860 196 13 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 196 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 196 15 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 196 16 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 196 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 196 18 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 196 19 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 196 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 197 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 197 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-860 197 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 197 4 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 197 5 favorable favorable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 197 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 197 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 197 8 author author NN en-wikipedia-org-860 197 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 197 10 agenda agenda NN en-wikipedia-org-860 197 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 197 12 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 197 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 197 14 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-860 197 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-860 197 16 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 197 17 cherry cherry NN en-wikipedia-org-860 197 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 197 19 picked pick VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 197 20 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-860 197 21 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-860 197 22 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 197 23 favorable favorable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 197 24 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-860 197 25 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 197 26 ignored ignore VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 197 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 197 28 labeled label VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 197 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 197 30 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 197 31 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 197 32 credible credible JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 197 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 197 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 198 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 198 2 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-860 198 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 198 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 198 5 favored favor VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 198 6 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 198 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 198 8 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 198 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 198 10 biased bias VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 198 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 198 12 paid pay VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 198 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 198 14 produce produce VB en-wikipedia-org-860 198 15 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 198 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 198 17 support support VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 198 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-860 198 19 overall overall JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 198 20 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 198 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 198 22 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 198 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 198 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 198 25 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 198 26 goals goal NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 198 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 198 28 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 198 29 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 198 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 198 31 selecting select VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 198 32 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 198 33 favorable favorable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 198 34 data data NN en-wikipedia-org-860 198 35 sets set NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 198 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 198 37 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 198 38 incorporating incorporate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 198 39 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 198 40 unfavorable unfavorable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 198 41 data data NN en-wikipedia-org-860 198 42 sets set NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 198 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 199 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 199 2 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 199 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 199 4 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 199 5 biases bias NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 199 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 199 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 199 8 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 199 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 199 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 199 11 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 199 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 199 13 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 199 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 199 15 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 199 16 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-860 199 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 199 18 methodology methodology NN en-wikipedia-org-860 199 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 199 20 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 199 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 199 22 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 199 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 199 24 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 199 25 malleable malleable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 199 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 200 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 200 2 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 200 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 200 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 200 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 200 6 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 200 7 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 200 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 200 9 disclose disclose VB en-wikipedia-org-860 200 10 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 200 11 conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 200 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 200 13 interests interest NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 200 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 200 15 underlying underlie VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 200 16 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 200 17 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 200 18 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 200 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 200 20 medical medical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 200 21 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 200 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 200 23 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 200 24 reviewed review VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 200 25 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 200 26 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 200 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 200 28 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 200 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 200 30 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 200 31 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 200 32 conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 200 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 200 34 interests interest NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 200 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 200 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 200 37 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 200 38 underlying underlie VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 200 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 200 40 meta meta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 200 41 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 200 42 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 200 43 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 200 44 rarely rarely RB en-wikipedia-org-860 200 45 disclosed disclose VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 200 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 201 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 201 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 201 3 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 201 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 201 5 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 201 6 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 201 7 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 201 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 201 9 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 201 10 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-860 201 11 journals journal NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 201 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 201 13 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 201 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 201 15 specialty specialty NN en-wikipedia-org-860 201 16 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-860 201 17 journals journal NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 201 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 201 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 201 20 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-860 201 21 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 201 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 201 23 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 201 24 Database Database NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 201 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 201 26 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 201 27 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 201 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 202 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 202 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 202 3 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 202 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 202 5 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 202 6 reviewed review VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 202 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 202 8 total total NN en-wikipedia-org-860 202 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 202 10 509 509 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 202 11 randomized randomize VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 202 12 controlled controlled JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 202 13 trials trial NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 202 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 202 15 RCTs RCTs NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 202 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 202 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 203 1 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 203 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-860 203 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 203 4 318 318 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 203 5 RCTs rct NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 203 6 reported report VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 203 7 funding funding NN en-wikipedia-org-860 203 8 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 203 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 203 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 203 11 219 219 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 203 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 203 13 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 203 14 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-860 203 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 203 16 receiving receive VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 203 17 funding funding NN en-wikipedia-org-860 203 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 203 19 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-860 203 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 203 21 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-860 204 1 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-860 204 2 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 204 3 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 204 4 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 204 5 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 204 6 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 204 7 ties tie NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 204 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 204 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 204 10 pharmaceutical pharmaceutical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 204 11 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-860 204 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 204 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 205 1 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 205 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 205 3 509 509 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 205 4 RCTs rct NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 205 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 205 6 132 132 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 205 7 reported report VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 205 8 author author NN en-wikipedia-org-860 205 9 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-860 205 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 205 11 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-860 205 12 disclosures disclosure NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 205 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 205 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 205 15 91 91 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 205 16 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 205 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 205 18 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 205 19 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-860 205 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 205 21 disclosing disclose VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 205 22 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-860 205 23 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 205 24 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 205 25 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 205 26 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 205 27 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 205 28 ties tie NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 205 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 205 30 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-860 205 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 206 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 206 2 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-860 206 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 206 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 206 5 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-860 206 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 206 7 seldom seldom RB en-wikipedia-org-860 206 8 reflected reflect VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 206 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 206 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 206 11 meta meta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 206 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 206 13 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 206 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 207 1 Only only RB en-wikipedia-org-860 207 2 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 207 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 207 4 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 207 5 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-860 207 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 207 7 reported report VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 207 8 RCT rct NN en-wikipedia-org-860 207 9 funding funding NN en-wikipedia-org-860 207 10 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 207 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 207 12 none none NN en-wikipedia-org-860 207 13 reported report VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 207 14 RCT RCT NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 207 15 author author NN en-wikipedia-org-860 207 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 207 17 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-860 207 18 ties tie NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 207 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 208 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 208 2 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 208 3 concluded conclude VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 208 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 208 5 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 6 acknowledgment acknowledgment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 8 COI COI NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 208 9 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 11 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 12 funding funding NN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 208 14 author author NN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 15 industry industry NN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 16 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 208 17 ties tie NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 208 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 19 RCTs rct NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 208 20 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 22 meta meta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 208 24 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 208 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 208 26 readers reader NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 208 27 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-860 208 28 understanding understanding NN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 208 30 appraisal appraisal NN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 208 33 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 34 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 208 36 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 208 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 208 38 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 39 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 208 40 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 208 41 compromised compromise VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 208 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 209 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 209 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 209 3 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 209 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 209 5 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 6 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 209 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 9 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 209 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 209 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 209 12 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 209 13 federal federal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 209 14 judge judge NN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 15 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 209 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 209 18 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 209 19 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 209 20 Environmental Environmental NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 209 21 Protection Protection NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 209 22 Agency Agency NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 209 23 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 209 24 abused abuse VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 209 26 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 209 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 209 28 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 29 process process NN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 209 31 produce produce VB en-wikipedia-org-860 209 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 209 33 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 34 claiming claim VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 209 35 cancer cancer NN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 36 risks risk NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 209 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 38 non non NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 209 39 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 40 smokers smoker NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 209 41 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 42 environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 209 43 tobacco tobacco NN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 44 smoke smoke NN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 45 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 209 46 ETS ETS NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 209 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 209 48 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 209 50 intent intent NN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 51 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 209 52 influence influence VB en-wikipedia-org-860 209 53 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 54 makers maker NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 209 55 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 209 56 pass pass VB en-wikipedia-org-860 209 57 smoke smoke NN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 58 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 209 59 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 209 60 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 209 61 workplace workplace NN en-wikipedia-org-860 209 62 laws law NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 209 63 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 210 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 210 2 judge judge NN en-wikipedia-org-860 210 3 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 210 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 210 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 210 6 EPA EPA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 210 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 210 8 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 210 9 selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-860 210 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 210 11 disturbing disturb VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 210 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 211 1 First first RB en-wikipedia-org-860 211 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 211 3 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-860 211 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 211 5 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 211 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 211 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 211 8 record record NN en-wikipedia-org-860 211 9 supporting support VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 211 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 211 11 accusation accusation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 211 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-860 211 13 EPA EPA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 211 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 211 15 cherry cherry NN en-wikipedia-org-860 211 16 picked pick VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 211 17 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 211 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-860 211 19 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 211 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 212 1 Without without IN en-wikipedia-org-860 212 2 criteria criterion NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 212 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 212 4 pooling pool VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 212 5 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 212 6 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-860 212 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 212 8 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 212 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 212 10 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 212 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 212 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 212 13 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-860 212 14 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 212 15 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 212 16 determine determine VB en-wikipedia-org-860 212 17 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-860 212 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 212 19 exclusion exclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-860 212 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 212 21 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 212 22 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 212 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 212 24 disprove disprove VB en-wikipedia-org-860 212 25 EPA EPA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 212 26 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 212 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 212 28 priori priori FW en-wikipedia-org-860 212 29 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 212 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 212 31 coincidence coincidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 212 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 212 33 intentional intentional JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 212 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 213 1 Second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 213 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 213 3 EPA EPA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 213 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 213 5 excluding exclude VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 213 6 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 213 7 half half NN en-wikipedia-org-860 213 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 213 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 213 10 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 213 11 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 213 12 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 213 13 conflicts conflict VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 213 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 213 15 EPA EPA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 213 16 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 213 17 purported purported JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 213 18 purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-860 213 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 213 20 analyzing analyze VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 213 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 213 22 epidemiological epidemiological JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 213 23 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 213 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 213 25 conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 213 26 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 213 27 EPA EPA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 213 28 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 213 29 Risk Risk NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 213 30 Assessment Assessment NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 213 31 Guidelines Guidelines NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 213 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 214 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-860 214 2 ETS ETS NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 214 3 Risk Risk NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 214 4 Assessment Assessment NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 214 5 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-860 214 6 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 214 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 214 8 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 214 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 214 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 214 11 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-860 214 12 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 214 13 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-860 214 14 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-860 214 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 214 16 examined examine VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 214 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 214 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 214 19 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-860 214 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 214 21 weighing weigh VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 214 22 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-860 214 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 214 24 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 214 25 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 214 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 214 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 214 28 recommended recommend VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 214 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 214 30 EPA EPA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 214 31 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 214 32 carcinogen carcinogen NN en-wikipedia-org-860 214 33 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-860 214 34 assessment assessment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 214 35 guidelines guideline NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 214 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 214 37 U.S. U.S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 214 38 EPA EPA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 214 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 214 40 1986a 1986a CD en-wikipedia-org-860 214 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 214 42 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 214 43 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 214 44 added add VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 214 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 214 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 214 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 215 1 Third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 215 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 215 3 EPA EPA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 215 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 215 5 selective selective JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 215 6 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-860 215 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 215 8 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 215 9 conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 215 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 215 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 215 12 Radon Radon NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 215 13 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 215 14 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 215 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 216 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 216 2 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 216 3 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 216 4 EPA EPA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 216 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 216 6 program program NN en-wikipedia-org-860 216 7 shall shall MD en-wikipedia-org-860 216 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 216 9 gather gather VB en-wikipedia-org-860 216 10 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 216 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 216 12 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-860 216 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 216 14 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-860 216 15 aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 216 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 216 17 indoor indoor JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 216 18 air air NN en-wikipedia-org-860 216 19 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 216 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 216 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 216 22 Radon Radon NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 216 23 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 216 24 Act Act NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 216 25 § § -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 216 26 403(a)(1 403(a)(1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 216 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 216 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 216 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 216 30 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 216 31 added add VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 216 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 216 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 217 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 217 2 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 217 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 217 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 217 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 217 6 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-860 217 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 217 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 217 9 abuse abuse NN en-wikipedia-org-860 217 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 217 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 217 12 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-860 217 13 vacated vacate VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 217 14 Chapters Chapters NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 217 15 1–6 1–6 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 217 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 217 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 217 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 217 19 Appendices Appendices NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 217 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 217 21 EPA EPA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 217 22 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 217 23 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 217 24 Respiratory Respiratory NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 217 25 Health Health NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 217 26 Effects Effects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 217 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 217 28 Passive Passive NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 217 29 Smoking Smoking NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 217 30 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 217 31 Lung Lung NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 217 32 Cancer Cancer NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 217 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 217 34 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 217 35 Disorders disorder NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 217 36 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 217 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 218 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 218 2 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 218 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 218 4 Weak weak JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 218 5 inclusion inclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-860 218 6 standards standard NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 218 7 lead lead VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 218 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 218 9 misleading mislead VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 218 10 conclusions[edit conclusions[edit . en-wikipedia-org-860 218 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 218 12 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 218 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 218 14 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 218 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 218 16 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-860 218 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 218 18 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-860 218 19 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 218 20 restrictive restrictive JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 218 21 enough enough RB en-wikipedia-org-860 218 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 218 23 regards regard NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 218 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 218 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 218 26 methodological methodological JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 218 27 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 218 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 218 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 218 30 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 218 31 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 218 32 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 218 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 219 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 219 2 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-860 219 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 219 4 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 219 5 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 219 6 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 219 7 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 219 8 samples sample NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 219 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 219 10 researcher researcher NN en-wikipedia-org-860 219 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 219 12 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 219 13 measures measure NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 219 14 lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-860 219 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 219 16 inflated inflated JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 219 17 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 219 18 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-860 219 19 estimates estimate NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 219 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 220 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 220 2 78 78 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 220 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 220 4 Applications Applications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 220 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 220 6 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 220 7 science[edit science[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-860 220 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 220 9 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 220 10 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 220 11 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 220 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 220 13 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 220 14 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 220 15 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-860 220 16 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-860 220 17 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-860 220 18 combine combine VB en-wikipedia-org-860 220 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 220 20 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 220 21 sizes size NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 220 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 220 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 220 24 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-860 220 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 220 26 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 220 27 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 220 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 220 29 weighted weighted JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 220 30 average average NN en-wikipedia-org-860 220 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 221 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 221 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 221 3 test test VB en-wikipedia-org-860 221 4 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-860 221 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 221 6 outcomes outcome NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 221 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 221 8 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 221 9 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 221 10 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 221 11 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 221 12 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-860 221 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 221 14 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 221 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 221 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 221 17 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 221 18 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-860 221 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 221 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 221 21 sampling sampling NN en-wikipedia-org-860 221 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 221 23 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 221 24 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 221 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 221 26 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 221 27 participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 221 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 222 1 Additionally additionally RB en-wikipedia-org-860 222 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 222 3 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 222 4 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 222 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 222 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 222 7 measurement measurement NN en-wikipedia-org-860 222 8 instrument instrument NN en-wikipedia-org-860 222 9 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 222 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 222 11 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-860 222 12 sampled sample VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 222 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 222 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 222 15 aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 222 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 222 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 222 18 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 222 19 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-860 222 20 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-860 222 21 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 222 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 222 23 coded code VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 222 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 222 25 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 222 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 222 27 reduce reduce VB en-wikipedia-org-860 222 28 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 222 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 222 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 222 31 estimator estimator NN en-wikipedia-org-860 222 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 222 33 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-860 222 34 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 222 35 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 222 36 above above RB en-wikipedia-org-860 222 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 222 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 223 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-860 223 2 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-860 223 3 methodological methodological JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 223 4 weaknesses weakness NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 223 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 223 6 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 223 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 223 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 223 9 corrected correct VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 223 10 statistically statistically RB en-wikipedia-org-860 223 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 224 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 224 2 uses use NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 224 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 224 4 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 224 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 224 6 analytic analytic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 224 7 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 224 8 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 224 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 224 10 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-860 224 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 224 12 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 224 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 224 14 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 224 15 prediction prediction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 224 16 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 224 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 224 18 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 224 19 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 224 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 224 21 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 224 22 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 224 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 224 24 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 224 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 224 26 combine combine VB en-wikipedia-org-860 224 27 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 224 28 participant participant NN en-wikipedia-org-860 224 29 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 224 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 224 31 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 224 32 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 224 33 centers center NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 224 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 224 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 224 36 assess assess VB en-wikipedia-org-860 224 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 224 38 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 224 39 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 224 40 generalisability,[79][80 generalisability,[79][80 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 224 41 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 224 42 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 224 43 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-860 224 44 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 224 45 aggregate aggregate VB en-wikipedia-org-860 224 46 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 224 47 prediction prediction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 224 48 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 224 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 225 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 225 2 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 225 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 225 4 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 225 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 225 6 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 225 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 225 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 225 9 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 225 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 225 11 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 225 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 225 13 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-860 225 14 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-860 225 15 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-860 225 16 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-860 225 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 225 18 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-860 225 19 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 225 20 designs design VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 225 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 226 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 226 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 226 3 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 226 4 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-860 226 5 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 226 6 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 226 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 226 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 226 9 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 226 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 226 11 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 226 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 226 13 subject subject NN en-wikipedia-org-860 226 14 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 226 15 designs design NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 226 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 227 1 Considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 227 2 dispute dispute NN en-wikipedia-org-860 227 3 exists exist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 227 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 227 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 227 6 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-860 227 7 appropriate appropriate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 227 8 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 227 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 227 10 analytic analytic NN en-wikipedia-org-860 227 11 technique technique NN en-wikipedia-org-860 227 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 227 13 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 227 14 subject subject JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 227 15 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 227 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 228 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 228 2 82 82 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 228 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 228 4 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 228 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 228 6 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 228 7 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 228 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 228 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 228 10 shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-860 228 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 228 12 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 228 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 228 14 single single JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 228 15 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 228 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 228 17 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 228 18 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 228 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 229 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 229 2 emphasizes emphasize VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 229 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 229 4 practical practical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 229 5 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 229 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 229 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 229 8 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 229 9 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-860 229 10 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-860 229 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 229 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 229 13 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 229 14 significance significance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 229 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 229 16 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 229 17 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 229 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 230 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 230 2 shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-860 230 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 230 4 thinking thinking NN en-wikipedia-org-860 230 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 230 6 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 230 7 termed term VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 230 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 230 9 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 230 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 230 11 analytic analytic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 230 12 thinking thinking NN en-wikipedia-org-860 230 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 230 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 231 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 231 2 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 231 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 231 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 231 5 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 231 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 231 7 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 231 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 231 9 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-860 231 10 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 231 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 231 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 231 13 forest forest NN en-wikipedia-org-860 231 14 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 231 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 232 1 Results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 232 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 232 3 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 232 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 232 5 combined combine VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 232 6 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 232 7 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 232 8 approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 232 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 233 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-860 233 2 approach approach NN en-wikipedia-org-860 233 3 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-860 233 4 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 233 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 233 6 meta meta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 233 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 233 8 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 233 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 233 10 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-860 233 11 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-860 233 12 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 233 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 233 14 termed term VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 233 15 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-860 233 16 inverse inverse NN en-wikipedia-org-860 233 17 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 233 18 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 233 19 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-860 233 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 234 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 234 2 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 234 3 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 234 4 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-860 234 5 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-860 234 6 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-860 234 7 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 234 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 234 9 computed compute VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 234 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 234 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 234 12 weighted weighted JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 234 13 mean mean NN en-wikipedia-org-860 234 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 234 15 whereby whereby WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 234 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 234 17 weights weight NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 234 18 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 234 19 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 234 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 234 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 234 22 inverse inverse NN en-wikipedia-org-860 234 23 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 234 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 234 25 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-860 234 26 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 234 27 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 234 28 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 234 29 estimator estimator NN en-wikipedia-org-860 234 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 235 1 Larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 235 2 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 235 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 235 4 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 235 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 235 6 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 235 7 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 235 8 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 235 9 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 235 10 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 235 11 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 235 12 weight weight NN en-wikipedia-org-860 235 13 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-860 235 14 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 235 15 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 235 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 236 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 236 2 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 236 3 approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 236 4 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 236 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 236 6 Mantel Mantel NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 236 7 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 236 8 Haenszel Haenszel NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 236 9 method[83 method[83 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 236 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 236 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 236 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 236 13 Peto Peto NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 236 14 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 236 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 237 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 237 2 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 237 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 237 4 Seed seed NN en-wikipedia-org-860 237 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 237 6 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 237 7 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-860 237 8 mapping mapping NN en-wikipedia-org-860 237 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 237 10 formerly formerly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 237 11 signed sign VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 237 12 differential differential NN en-wikipedia-org-860 237 13 mapping mapping NN en-wikipedia-org-860 237 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 237 15 SDM SDM NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 237 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 237 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 237 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 237 19 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 237 20 technique technique NN en-wikipedia-org-860 237 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 237 22 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 237 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 237 24 analyzing analyze VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 237 25 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 237 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 237 27 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 237 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 237 29 brain brain NN en-wikipedia-org-860 237 30 activity activity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 237 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 237 32 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-860 237 33 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 237 34 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 237 35 neuroimaging neuroimage VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 237 36 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 237 37 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 237 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 237 39 fMRI fmri NN en-wikipedia-org-860 237 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 237 41 VBM VBM NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 237 42 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 237 43 PET PET NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 237 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 238 1 Different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 238 2 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 238 3 throughput throughput NN en-wikipedia-org-860 238 4 techniques technique NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 238 5 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 238 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 238 7 microarrays microarray NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 238 8 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 238 9 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 238 10 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 238 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 238 12 understand understand VB en-wikipedia-org-860 238 13 Gene Gene NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 238 14 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-860 238 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 239 1 MicroRNA MicroRNA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 239 2 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-860 239 3 profiles profile NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 239 4 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 239 5 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 239 6 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 239 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 239 8 identify identify VB en-wikipedia-org-860 239 9 differentially differentially RB en-wikipedia-org-860 239 10 expressed express VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 239 11 microRNAs microRNAs NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 239 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 239 13 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 239 14 cell cell NN en-wikipedia-org-860 239 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 239 16 tissue tissue NN en-wikipedia-org-860 239 17 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-860 239 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 239 19 disease disease NN en-wikipedia-org-860 239 20 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 239 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 239 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 239 23 check check VB en-wikipedia-org-860 239 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 239 25 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 239 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 239 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 239 28 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 239 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 240 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 240 2 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 240 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 240 4 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 240 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 240 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 240 7 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-860 240 8 profiles profile NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 240 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 240 10 performed perform VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 240 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 240 12 derive derive VB en-wikipedia-org-860 240 13 novel novel JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 240 14 conclusions conclusion NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 240 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 240 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 240 17 validate validate VB en-wikipedia-org-860 240 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 240 19 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 240 20 findings finding NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 240 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 241 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 241 2 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 241 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 241 4 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-860 241 5 also[edit also[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-860 241 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 241 7 Mathematics mathematics NN en-wikipedia-org-860 241 8 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 241 9 Estimation estimation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 241 10 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 241 11 Metascience Metascience NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 241 12 Newcastle Newcastle NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 241 13 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 241 14 Ottawa Ottawa NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 241 15 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-860 241 16 Reporting report VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 241 17 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 241 18 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 241 19 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-860 241 20 Secondary secondary JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 241 21 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 241 22 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 241 23 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 241 24 Systematic systematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 241 25 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-860 241 26 Galbraith Galbraith NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 241 27 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 241 28 Data Data NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 241 29 aggregation aggregation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 241 30 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-860 241 31 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 241 32 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-860 241 33 Greenland Greenland NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 241 34 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 241 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 241 36 O o UH en-wikipedia-org-860 241 37 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-860 241 38 Rourke Rourke NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 241 39 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 241 40 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 241 41 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 241 42 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 241 43 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 241 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 242 1 Page page NN en-wikipedia-org-860 242 2 652 652 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 242 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 242 4 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 242 5 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 242 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 242 7 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 242 8 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-860 242 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 243 1 Edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 243 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 243 3 Rothman Rothman NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 243 4 KJ KJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 243 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 243 6 Greenland Greenland NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 243 7 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 243 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 243 9 Lash Lash NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 243 10 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 243 11 Lippincott Lippincott NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 243 12 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 243 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 243 14 Wilkins Wilkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 243 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 243 16 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 243 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 244 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-860 244 2 Walker Walker NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 244 3 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 244 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 244 5 Hernandez Hernandez NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 244 6 AV AV NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 244 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 244 8 Kattan Kattan NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 244 9 MW MW NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 244 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 244 11 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 244 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 244 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 245 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 245 2 Meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 245 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 245 4 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 245 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 245 6 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-860 245 7 strengths strength NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 245 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 245 9 limitations limitation NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 245 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 245 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 246 1 Cleve Cleve NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 246 2 Clin Clin NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 246 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 246 4 Med Med NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 246 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 247 1 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 247 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 247 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 247 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 247 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 247 6 431–9 431–9 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 247 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 248 1 doi:10.3949 doi:10.3949 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 248 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 248 3 ccjm.75.6.431 ccjm.75.6.431 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 248 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 249 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 249 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 249 3 18595551 18595551 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 249 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 250 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 250 2 Wanous Wanous NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 250 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 250 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 250 5 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 250 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 250 7 Sullivan Sullivan NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 250 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 250 9 Sherry Sherry NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 250 10 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 250 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 250 12 Malinak Malinak NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 250 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 250 14 Joyce Joyce NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 250 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 250 16 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 250 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 250 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 251 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 251 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 251 3 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-860 251 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 251 5 judgment judgment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 251 6 calls call NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 251 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 251 8 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 251 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 251 10 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 251 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 251 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 252 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 252 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 252 3 Applied Applied NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 252 4 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 252 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 253 1 74 74 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 253 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 253 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 253 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 253 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 253 6 259–264 259–264 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 253 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 254 1 doi:10.1037/0021 doi:10.1037/0021 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 254 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 254 3 9010.74.2.259 9010.74.2.259 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 254 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 255 1 ISSN ISSN NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 255 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 255 3 0021 0021 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 255 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 255 5 9010 9010 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 255 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 256 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-860 256 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 256 3 Glossary Glossary NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 256 4 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-860 256 5 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 256 6 Collaboration Collaboration NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 256 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 256 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 257 1 cochrane.org cochrane.org ADD en-wikipedia-org-860 257 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 258 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 258 2 Gravetter Gravetter NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 258 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 258 4 Frederick Frederick NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 258 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 258 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 258 7 Forzano Forzano NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 258 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 258 9 Lori Lori NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 258 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 258 11 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 258 12 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 259 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 259 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 259 3 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 259 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 259 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 259 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 260 1 Research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 260 2 Methods Methods NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 260 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 260 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 260 5 Behavioral Behavioral NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 260 6 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 260 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 261 1 Cengage cengage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 261 2 Learning Learning NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 261 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 262 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-860 262 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 262 3 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 262 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 263 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 263 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 263 3 9781337613316 9781337613316 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 263 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 264 1 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-860 264 2 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 264 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 264 4 secondary secondary JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 264 5 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 264 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 264 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 264 8 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-860 264 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 264 10 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 264 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 264 12 textbooks textbook NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 264 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 264 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 264 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 264 16 author author NN en-wikipedia-org-860 264 17 describes describe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 264 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 264 19 summarizes summarize VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 264 20 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 264 21 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 264 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 264 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 264 24 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-860 264 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 264 26 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-860 264 27 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 264 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 264 29 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 264 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 264 31 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 264 32 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-860 264 33 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 264 34 Adams Adams NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 264 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 264 36 Kathrynn Kathrynn NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 264 37 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-860 264 38 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 264 39 Lawrence Lawrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 264 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 264 41 Eva Eva NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 264 42 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 264 43 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 264 44 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 264 45 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 264 46 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 264 47 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 264 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 265 1 Research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 265 2 Methods Methods NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 265 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 265 4 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 265 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 265 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 265 7 Applications application NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 265 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 266 1 SAGE SAGE NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 266 2 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 266 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 267 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 267 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 267 3 9781506350462 9781506350462 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 267 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 268 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 268 2 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-860 268 3 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 268 4 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 268 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 268 6 secondary secondary JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 268 7 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 268 8 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 268 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 268 10 academic academic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 268 11 journals journal NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 268 12 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 268 13 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-860 268 14 reviews review NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 268 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 268 16 meta meta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 268 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 268 18 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 268 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 269 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 269 2 PLACKETT PLACKETT NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 269 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 269 4 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 269 5 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 269 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 269 7 1958 1958 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 269 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 269 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 270 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 270 2 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 270 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 270 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 270 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-860 270 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 270 7 Probability Probability NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 270 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 270 9 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 270 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 270 11 Vii Vii NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 270 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 271 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 271 2 Principle Principle NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 271 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 271 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 271 5 Arithmetic Arithmetic NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 271 6 Mean Mean NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 271 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 271 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 272 1 Biometrika Biometrika NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 272 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 273 1 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 273 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 273 3 1–2 1–2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 273 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 273 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 273 6 133 133 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 273 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 273 8 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 273 9 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 273 10 biomet/45.1 biomet/45.1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 273 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 273 12 2.130 2.130 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 273 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 274 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 274 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 274 3 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 274 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 274 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 275 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 275 2 Pearson Pearson NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 275 3 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 275 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 275 5 1904 1904 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 275 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 275 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 276 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 276 2 Report report VB en-wikipedia-org-860 276 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 276 4 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 276 5 enteric enteric JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 276 6 fever fever NN en-wikipedia-org-860 276 7 inoculation inoculation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 276 8 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 276 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 276 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 277 1 BMJ BMJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 277 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 278 1 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 278 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 278 3 2288 2288 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 278 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 278 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 278 6 1243–1246 1243–1246 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 278 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 279 1 doi:10.1136 doi:10.1136 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 279 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 279 3 bmj.2.2288.1243 bmj.2.2288.1243 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 279 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 280 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 280 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 280 3 2355479 2355479 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 280 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 281 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 281 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 281 3 20761760 20761760 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 281 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 282 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-860 282 2 Nordmann Nordmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 282 3 AJ AJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 282 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 282 5 Kasenda Kasenda NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 282 6 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 282 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 282 8 Briel Briel NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 282 9 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 282 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 282 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 282 12 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 282 13 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 282 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 282 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 283 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 283 2 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 283 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 283 4 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 283 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 283 6 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-860 283 7 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 283 8 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 283 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 283 10 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 283 11 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 283 12 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-860 283 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 283 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 284 1 Swiss Swiss NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 284 2 Medical Medical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 284 3 Weekly Weekly NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 284 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 285 1 142 142 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 285 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 285 3 w13518 w13518 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 285 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 286 1 doi:10.4414 doi:10.4414 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 286 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 286 3 smw.2012.13518 smw.2012.13518 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 286 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 287 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 287 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 287 3 22407741 22407741 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 287 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 288 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 288 2 O'Rourke O'Rourke NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 288 3 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 288 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 288 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 288 6 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 288 7 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 288 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 288 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 289 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 289 2 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 289 3 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 289 4 perspective perspective NN en-wikipedia-org-860 289 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 289 6 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 289 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 289 8 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 289 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 289 10 dealing deal VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 289 11 quantitatively quantitatively RB en-wikipedia-org-860 289 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 289 13 varying varying NN en-wikipedia-org-860 289 14 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 289 15 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 289 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 289 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 290 1 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 290 2 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 290 3 Soc Soc NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 290 4 Med Med NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 290 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 291 1 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 291 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 291 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 291 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 291 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 291 6 579–582 579–582 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 291 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 292 1 doi:10.1258 doi:10.1258 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 292 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 292 3 jrsm.100.12.579 jrsm.100.12.579 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 292 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 293 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 293 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 293 3 2121629 2121629 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 293 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 294 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 294 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 294 3 18065712 18065712 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 294 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 295 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-860 295 2 Pratt Pratt NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 295 3 JG JG NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 295 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 295 5 Rhine Rhine NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 295 6 JB JB NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 295 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 295 8 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 295 9 BM BM NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 295 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 295 11 Stuart Stuart NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 295 12 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 295 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 295 14 Greenwood Greenwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 295 15 JA JA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 295 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 296 1 Extra extra JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 296 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 296 3 Sensory Sensory NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 296 4 Perception Perception NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 296 5 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-860 296 6 Sixty Sixty NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 296 7 Years Years NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 296 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 296 9 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 296 10 Critical Critical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 296 11 Appraisal Appraisal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 296 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 296 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 296 14 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 296 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 296 16 Extra Extra NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 296 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 296 18 Sensory Sensory NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 296 19 Perception Perception NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 296 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 297 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 297 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 297 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 297 4 Henry Henry NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 297 5 Holt Holt NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 297 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 297 7 1940 1940 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 297 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-860 297 9 Glass Glass NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 297 10 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 297 11 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 297 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 297 13 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 297 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 297 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 298 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 298 2 Primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 298 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 298 4 secondary secondary JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 298 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 298 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 298 7 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 298 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 298 9 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 298 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 298 11 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 298 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 298 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 299 1 Educational Educational NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 299 2 Researcher Researcher NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 299 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 300 1 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 300 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 300 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 300 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 300 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 300 6 3–8 3–8 ADD en-wikipedia-org-860 300 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 301 1 doi:10.3102/0013189X005010003 doi:10.3102/0013189x005010003 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 301 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 302 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 302 2 Cochran Cochran NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 302 3 WG WG NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 302 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 302 5 1937 1937 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 302 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 302 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 303 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 303 2 Problems problem NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 303 3 Arising arise VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 303 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 303 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 303 6 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 303 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 303 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 303 9 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 303 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 303 11 Similar Similar NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 303 12 Experiments Experiments NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 303 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 303 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 304 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 304 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 304 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 304 4 Royal Royal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 304 5 Statistical Statistical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 304 6 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 304 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 305 1 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 305 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 305 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 305 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 305 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 305 6 102–118 102–118 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 305 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 306 1 doi:10.2307/2984123 doi:10.2307/2984123 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 306 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 307 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 307 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 307 3 2984123 2984123 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 307 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 308 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 308 2 Cochran Cochran NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 308 3 WG WG NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 308 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 308 5 Carroll Carroll NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 308 6 SP SP NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 308 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 308 8 1953 1953 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 308 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 308 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 309 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 309 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 309 3 Sampling Sampling NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 309 4 Investigation Investigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 309 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 309 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 309 7 Efficiency Efficiency NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 309 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 309 9 Weighting Weighting NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 309 10 Inversely Inversely NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 309 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 309 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 309 13 Estimated Estimated NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 309 14 Variance Variance NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 309 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 309 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 310 1 Biometrics biometric NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 310 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 311 1 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 311 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 311 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 311 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 311 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 311 6 447–459 447–459 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 311 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 312 1 doi:10.2307/3001436 doi:10.2307/3001436 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 312 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 313 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 313 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 313 3 3001436 3001436 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 313 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 314 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-860 314 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 314 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 314 4 PRISMA PRISMA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 314 5 statement statement NN en-wikipedia-org-860 314 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 314 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 315 1 Prisma-statement.org prisma-statement.org CD en-wikipedia-org-860 315 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 316 1 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 316 2 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 316 3 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 316 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 317 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 317 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 317 3 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 317 4 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 317 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 318 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 2 Debray Debray NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 318 4 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 5 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 6 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 318 8 Moons Moons NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 318 10 Karel Karel NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 11 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 12 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 318 14 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 15 Valkenhoef Valkenhoef NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 318 17 Gert Gert NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 318 19 Efthimiou Efthimiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 318 21 Orestis Orestis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 22 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 318 23 Hummel Hummel NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 318 25 Noemi Noemi NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 26 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 318 27 Groenwold Groenwold NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 318 29 Rolf Rolf NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 30 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 31 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 32 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 318 33 Reitsma Reitsma NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 318 35 Johannes Johannes NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 36 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 37 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 318 38 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 318 39 behalf behalf NN en-wikipedia-org-860 318 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 318 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 318 42 GetReal GetReal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 43 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 318 44 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-860 318 45 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-860 318 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 318 47 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 318 48 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 318 49 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 318 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 318 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 319 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 319 2 Get get VB en-wikipedia-org-860 319 3 real real RB en-wikipedia-org-860 319 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 319 5 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 319 6 participant participant NN en-wikipedia-org-860 319 7 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 319 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 319 9 IPD IPD NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 319 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 319 11 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 319 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 319 13 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 319 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 319 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 319 16 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-860 319 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 319 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 319 19 methodology methodology NN en-wikipedia-org-860 319 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 319 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 320 1 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 320 2 Synthesis Synthesis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 320 3 Methods Methods NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 320 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 321 1 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 321 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 321 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 321 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 321 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 321 6 293–309 293–309 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 321 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 322 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 322 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 322 3 jrsm.1160 jrsm.1160 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 322 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 323 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-860 323 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 323 3 1759 1759 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 323 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 323 5 2887 2887 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 323 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 324 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 324 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 324 3 5042043 5042043 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 324 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 325 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 325 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 325 3 26287812 26287812 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 325 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 326 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 326 2 Debray Debray NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 326 3 TP TP NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 326 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 326 5 Moons Moons NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 326 6 KG KG NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 326 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 326 8 Abo Abo NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 326 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 326 10 Zaid Zaid NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 326 11 GM GM NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 326 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 326 13 Koffijberg Koffijberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 326 14 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 326 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 326 16 Riley Riley NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 326 17 RD RD NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 326 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 326 19 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 326 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 326 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 327 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 327 2 Individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 327 3 participant participant NN en-wikipedia-org-860 327 4 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 327 5 meta meta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 327 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 327 7 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 327 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 327 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 327 10 binary binary JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 327 11 outcome outcome NN en-wikipedia-org-860 327 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 327 13 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-860 327 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 327 15 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 327 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 327 17 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 327 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 327 19 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 327 20 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-860 327 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 327 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 328 1 PLOS PLOS NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 328 2 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-860 328 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 329 1 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 329 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 329 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 329 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 329 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 329 6 e60650 e60650 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 329 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 330 1 Bibcode:2013PLoSO bibcode:2013ploso NN en-wikipedia-org-860 330 2 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-860 330 3 860650D. 860650d. CD en-wikipedia-org-860 331 1 doi:10.1371 doi:10.1371 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 331 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 331 3 journal.pone.0060650 journal.pone.0060650 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 331 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 332 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 332 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 332 3 3621872 3621872 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 332 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 333 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 333 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 333 3 23585842 23585842 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 333 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 334 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 334 2 Burke Burke NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 334 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 334 4 Danielle Danielle NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 334 5 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 334 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 334 7 Ensor Ensor NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 334 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 334 9 Joie Joie NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 334 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 334 11 Riley Riley NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 334 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 334 13 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 334 14 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 334 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 334 16 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 334 17 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 334 18 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 334 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 334 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 335 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 335 2 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 335 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 335 4 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 335 5 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 335 6 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 335 7 participant participant NN en-wikipedia-org-860 335 8 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 335 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 335 10 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-860 335 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 335 12 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 335 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 335 14 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 335 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 335 16 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 335 17 approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 335 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 335 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 335 20 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 335 21 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 335 22 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 335 23 differ differ VB en-wikipedia-org-860 335 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 335 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 336 1 Statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 336 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 336 3 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 336 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 337 1 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 337 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 337 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 337 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 337 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 337 6 855–875 855–875 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 337 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 338 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 338 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 338 3 sim.7141 sim.7141 JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 338 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 339 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-860 339 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 339 3 1097 1097 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 339 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 339 5 0258 0258 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 339 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 340 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 340 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 340 3 5297998 5297998 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 340 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 341 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 341 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 341 3 27747915 27747915 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 341 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 342 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 342 2 Helfenstein Helfenstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 342 3 U U NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 342 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 342 5 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 342 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 342 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 343 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 343 2 Data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 343 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 343 4 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 343 5 determine determine VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 343 6 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 343 7 proposals proposal NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 343 8 -- -- : en-wikipedia-org-860 343 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 343 10 illustration illustration NN en-wikipedia-org-860 343 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 343 12 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 343 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 343 14 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 343 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 343 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 344 1 Postgrad Postgrad NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 344 2 Med Med NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 344 3 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 345 1 78 78 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 345 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 345 3 917 917 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 345 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 345 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 345 6 131–4 131–4 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 345 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 346 1 doi:10.1136 doi:10.1136 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 346 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 346 3 pmj.78.917.131 pmj.78.917.131 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 346 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 347 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 347 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 347 3 1742301 1742301 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 347 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 348 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 348 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 348 3 11884693 11884693 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 348 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 349 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 349 2 Senn Senn NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 349 3 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 349 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 349 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 349 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 349 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 350 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 350 2 Trying try VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 350 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 350 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 350 5 precise precise JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 350 6 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-860 350 7 vagueness vagueness NN en-wikipedia-org-860 350 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 350 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 351 1 Stat stat JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 351 2 Med Med NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 351 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 352 1 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 352 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 352 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 352 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 352 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 352 6 1417–30 1417–30 ADD en-wikipedia-org-860 352 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 353 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 353 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 353 3 sim.2639 sim.2639 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 353 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 354 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 354 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 354 3 16906552 16906552 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 354 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 355 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 355 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 355 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-860 355 4 Al Al NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 355 5 Khalaf Khalaf NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 355 6 MM MM NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 355 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 355 8 Thalib Thalib NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 355 9 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 355 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 355 11 Doi Doi NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 355 12 SA SA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 355 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 355 14 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 355 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 355 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 356 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 356 2 Combining combine VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 356 3 heterogenous heterogenous JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 356 4 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 356 5 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 356 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 356 7 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 356 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 356 9 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 356 10 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 356 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 356 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 356 13 mistake mistake NN en-wikipedia-org-860 356 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 356 15 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 356 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 356 17 inconclusive inconclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 356 18 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 356 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 356 20 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 356 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 356 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 357 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 357 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 357 3 Clinical Clinical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 357 4 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 357 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 358 1 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 358 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 358 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 358 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 358 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 358 6 119–23 119–23 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 358 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 359 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 359 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 359 3 j.jclinepi.2010.01.009 j.jclinepi.2010.01.009 ADD en-wikipedia-org-860 359 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 360 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 360 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 360 3 20409685 20409685 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 360 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 361 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 361 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 361 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-860 361 4 Brockwell Brockwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 361 5 S.E. S.E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 362 1 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 362 2 Gordon Gordon NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 362 3 I.R. I.R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 363 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 363 2 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 363 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 363 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 364 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 364 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 364 3 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-860 364 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 364 5 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 364 6 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 364 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 364 8 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 364 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 364 10 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 364 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 364 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 365 1 Statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 365 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 365 3 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 365 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 366 1 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 366 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 366 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 366 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 366 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 366 6 825–840 825–840 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 366 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 367 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 367 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 367 3 sim.650 sim.650 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 367 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 368 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 368 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 368 3 11252006 11252006 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 368 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 369 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 369 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 369 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 369 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-860 369 5 Noma noma NN en-wikipedia-org-860 369 6 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 369 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 369 8 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 369 9 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 369 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 369 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 370 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 370 2 Confidence confidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 370 3 intervals interval NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 370 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 370 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 370 6 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 370 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 370 8 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 370 9 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 370 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 370 11 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 370 12 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 370 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 370 14 Bartlett Bartlett NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 370 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 370 16 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-860 370 17 corrections correction NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 370 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 370 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 371 1 Stat stat JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 371 2 Med Med NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 371 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 372 1 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 372 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 372 3 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 372 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 372 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 372 6 3304–12 3304–12 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 372 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 373 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 373 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 373 3 sim.4350 sim.4350 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 373 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 374 1 hdl:2433/152046 hdl:2433/152046 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 374 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 375 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 375 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 375 3 21964669 21964669 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 375 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 376 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 376 2 Brockwell Brockwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 376 3 SE SE NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 376 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 376 5 Gordon Gordon NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 376 6 IR IR NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 376 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 376 8 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 376 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 376 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 377 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 377 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 377 3 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 377 4 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 377 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 377 6 inference inference NN en-wikipedia-org-860 377 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 377 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 377 9 overall overall JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 377 10 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 377 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 377 12 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 377 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 377 14 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 377 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 377 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 378 1 Statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 378 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 378 3 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 378 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 379 1 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 379 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 379 3 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 379 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 379 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 379 6 4531–4543 4531–4543 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 379 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 380 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 380 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 380 3 sim.2883 sim.2883 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 380 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 381 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 381 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 381 3 17397112 17397112 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 381 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 382 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 382 2 Sidik Sidik NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 382 3 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 382 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 382 5 Jonkman Jonkman NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 382 6 JN JN NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 382 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 382 8 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 382 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 382 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 383 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 383 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 383 3 simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 383 4 confidence confidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 383 5 interval interval NN en-wikipedia-org-860 383 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 383 7 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 383 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 383 9 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 383 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 383 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 384 1 Statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 384 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 384 3 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 384 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 385 1 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 385 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 385 3 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 385 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 385 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 385 6 3153–3159 3153–3159 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 385 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 386 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 386 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 386 3 sim.1262 sim.1262 NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 386 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 387 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 387 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 387 3 12375296 12375296 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 387 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 388 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 388 2 Jackson Jackson NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 388 3 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 388 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 388 5 Bowden Bowden NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 388 6 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 388 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 388 8 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 388 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 388 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 389 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 389 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 389 3 re re NN en-wikipedia-org-860 389 4 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-860 389 5 evaluation evaluation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 389 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 389 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 389 8 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-860 389 9 quantile quantile NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 389 10 approximation approximation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 389 11 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 389 12 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-860 389 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 389 14 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 389 15 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 389 16 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 389 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 389 18 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 389 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 389 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 390 1 Stat stat JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 390 2 Med Med NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 390 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 391 1 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 391 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 391 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 391 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 391 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 391 6 338–48 338–48 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 391 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 392 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 392 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 392 3 sim.3487 sim.3487 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 392 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 393 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 393 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 393 3 2991773 2991773 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 393 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 394 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 394 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 394 3 19016302 19016302 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 394 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 395 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-860 395 2 Poole Poole NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 395 3 C C NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 395 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 395 5 Greenland Greenland NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 395 6 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 395 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 395 8 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 395 9 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 395 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 395 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 396 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 396 2 Random Random NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 396 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 396 4 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 396 5 meta meta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 396 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 396 7 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 396 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 396 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 396 10 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-860 396 11 conservative conservative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 396 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 396 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 397 1 Am Am NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 397 2 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 397 3 Epidemiol Epidemiol NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 397 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 398 1 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 398 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 398 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 398 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 398 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 398 6 469–75 469–75 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 398 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 399 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 399 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 399 3 oxfordjournals.aje.a010035 oxfordjournals.aje.a010035 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 399 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 400 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 400 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 400 3 10472946 10472946 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 400 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 401 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 401 2 Riley Riley NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 401 3 RD RD NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 401 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 401 5 Higgins Higgins NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 401 6 JP JP NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 401 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 401 8 Deeks Deeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 401 9 JJ JJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 401 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 401 11 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 401 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 401 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 402 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 402 2 Interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 402 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 402 4 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 402 5 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 402 6 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 402 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 402 8 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 402 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 402 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 403 1 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 403 2 Medical Medical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 403 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 403 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 404 1 342 342 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 404 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 404 3 d549 d549 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 404 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 405 1 doi:10.1136 doi:10.1136 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 405 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 405 3 bmj.d549 bmj.d549 ADD en-wikipedia-org-860 405 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 406 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 406 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 406 3 21310794 21310794 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 406 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 407 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 407 2 Kriston Kriston NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 407 3 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 407 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 407 5 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 407 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 407 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 408 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 408 2 Dealing deal VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 408 3 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 408 4 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 408 5 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 408 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 408 7 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 408 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 408 9 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 408 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 409 1 Assumptions assumption NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 409 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 409 3 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 409 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 409 5 interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 409 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 409 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 410 1 Int Int NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 410 2 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 410 3 Methods Methods NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 410 4 Psychiatr Psychiatr NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 410 5 Res Res NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 410 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 411 1 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 411 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 411 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 411 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 411 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 411 6 1–15 1–15 ADD en-wikipedia-org-860 411 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 412 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 412 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 412 3 mpr.1377 mpr.1377 UH en-wikipedia-org-860 412 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 413 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 413 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 413 3 6878481 6878481 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 413 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 414 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 414 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 414 3 23494781 23494781 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 414 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 415 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 415 2 DerSimonian DerSimonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 415 3 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 415 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 415 5 Laird Laird NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 415 6 N N NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 415 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 415 8 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 415 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 415 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 416 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 416 2 Meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 416 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 416 4 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 416 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 416 6 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 416 7 trials trial NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 416 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 416 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 417 1 Control Control NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 417 2 Clin Clin NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 417 3 Trials Trials NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 417 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 418 1 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 418 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 418 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 418 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 418 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 418 6 177–88 177–88 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 418 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 419 1 doi:10.1016/0197 doi:10.1016/0197 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 419 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 419 3 2456(86)90046 2456(86)90046 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 419 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 419 5 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 419 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 420 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 420 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 420 3 3802833 3802833 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 420 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 421 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 421 2 Kontopantelis Kontopantelis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 421 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 421 4 Evangelos Evangelos NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 421 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 421 6 Reeves Reeves NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 421 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 421 8 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 421 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 421 10 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 421 11 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 421 12 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 421 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 421 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 422 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 422 2 Metaan Metaan NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 422 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 422 4 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 422 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 422 6 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 422 7 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 422 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 422 9 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 422 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 422 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 423 1 Stata Stata NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 423 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 423 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 424 1 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 424 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 424 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 424 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 424 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 424 6 395–407 395–407 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 424 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 425 1 doi:10.1177/1536867X1001000307 doi:10.1177/1536867x1001000307 LS en-wikipedia-org-860 425 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 425 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-860 425 4 ResearchGate ResearchGate NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 425 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 426 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 426 2 Kontopantelis Kontopantelis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 426 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 426 4 Evangelos Evangelos NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 426 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 426 6 Reeves Reeves NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 426 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 426 8 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 426 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 426 10 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 426 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 426 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 427 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 427 2 MetaEasy MetaEasy NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 427 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 427 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 427 5 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 427 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 427 7 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 427 8 Add Add NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 427 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 427 10 In In NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 427 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 427 12 Microsoft Microsoft NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 427 13 Excel Excel NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 427 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 427 15 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 427 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 427 17 Statistical Statistical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 427 18 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 427 19 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 427 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 427 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 428 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 428 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 428 3 Statistical Statistical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 428 4 Software Software NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 428 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 429 1 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 429 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 429 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 429 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 429 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 430 1 doi:10.18637 doi:10.18637 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 430 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 430 3 jss.v030.i07 jss.v030.i07 ADD en-wikipedia-org-860 430 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 431 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-860 431 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 431 3 Developer developer NN en-wikipedia-org-860 431 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 431 5 website website NN en-wikipedia-org-860 431 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 431 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 432 1 Statanalysis.co.uk statanalysis.co.uk ADD en-wikipedia-org-860 432 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 433 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 433 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 433 3 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 433 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 433 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 434 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 434 2 Kontopantelis Kontopantelis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 434 3 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 434 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 434 5 Reeves Reeves NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 434 6 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 434 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 434 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 434 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 434 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 435 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 435 2 Performance performance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 435 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 435 4 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 435 5 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 435 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 435 7 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 435 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 435 9 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 435 10 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 435 11 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 435 12 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 435 13 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 435 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 435 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 435 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 435 17 normally normally RB en-wikipedia-org-860 435 18 distributed distribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 435 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 435 20 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 435 21 simulation simulation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 435 22 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 435 23 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 435 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 436 1 Statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 436 2 Methods Methods NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 436 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 436 4 Medical Medical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 436 5 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 436 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 437 1 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 437 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 437 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 437 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 437 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 437 6 409–26 409–26 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 437 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 438 1 doi:10.1177/0962280210392008 doi:10.1177/0962280210392008 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 438 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 439 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 439 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 439 3 21148194 21148194 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 439 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 440 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 440 2 Kontopantelis Kontopantelis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 440 3 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 440 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 440 5 Reeves Reeves NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 440 6 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 440 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 440 8 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 440 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 440 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 441 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 441 2 Performance performance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 441 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 441 4 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 441 5 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 441 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 441 7 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 441 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 441 9 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 441 10 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 441 11 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 441 12 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 441 13 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 441 14 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 441 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 441 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 441 17 normally normally RB en-wikipedia-org-860 441 18 distributed distribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 441 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 441 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 441 21 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-860 441 22 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 441 23 DerSimonian DerSimonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 441 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 441 25 Laird Laird NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 441 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 441 27 restricted restrict VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 441 28 maximum maximum JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 441 29 likelihood likelihood NN en-wikipedia-org-860 441 30 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 441 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 442 1 SMMR smmr RB en-wikipedia-org-860 442 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 443 1 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 443 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 443 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 443 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 443 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 443 6 657–9 657–9 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 443 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 444 1 doi:10.1177/0962280211413451 doi:10.1177/0962280211413451 FW en-wikipedia-org-860 444 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 445 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 445 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 445 3 23171971 23171971 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 445 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 446 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 446 2 Kontopantelis Kontopantelis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 446 3 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 446 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 446 5 Springate Springate NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 446 6 DA DA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 446 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 446 8 Reeves Reeves NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 446 9 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 446 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 446 11 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 446 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 446 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 447 1 Friede friede JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 447 2 T T NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 447 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 447 4 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 447 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 447 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 447 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 448 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 448 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 448 3 Re Re NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 448 4 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-860 448 5 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 448 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 448 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 448 8 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 448 9 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 448 10 Data Data NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 448 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 448 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 448 13 Dangers danger NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 448 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 448 15 Unobserved Unobserved NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 448 16 Heterogeneity Heterogeneity NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 448 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 448 18 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 448 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 448 20 Analyses Analyses NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 448 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 448 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 449 1 PLOS PLOS NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 449 2 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-860 449 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 450 1 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 450 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 450 3 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 450 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 450 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 450 6 e69930 e69930 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 450 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 451 1 Bibcode:2013PLoSO bibcode:2013ploso NN en-wikipedia-org-860 451 2 ... ... . en-wikipedia-org-860 451 3 869930K. 869930k. NN en-wikipedia-org-860 452 1 doi:10.1371 doi:10.1371 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 452 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 452 3 journal.pone.0069930 journal.pone.0069930 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 452 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 453 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 453 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 453 3 3724681 3724681 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 453 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 454 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 454 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 454 3 23922860 23922860 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 454 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 455 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 455 2 Kontopantelis Kontopantelis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 455 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 455 4 Evangelos Evangelos NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 455 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 455 6 Reeves Reeves NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 455 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 455 8 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 455 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 455 10 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 455 11 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 455 12 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 455 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 455 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 456 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 456 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 456 3 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 456 4 guide guide NN en-wikipedia-org-860 456 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 456 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 456 7 forest forest NN en-wikipedia-org-860 456 8 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 456 9 command command NN en-wikipedia-org-860 456 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 456 11 ipdforest ipdforest NN en-wikipedia-org-860 456 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 456 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 456 14 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-860 456 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 456 16 stage stage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 456 17 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 456 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 456 19 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 456 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 456 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 457 1 Stata Stata NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 457 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 457 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 458 1 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 458 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 458 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 458 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 458 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 458 6 574–587 574–587 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 458 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 459 1 doi:10.1177/1536867X1301300308 doi:10.1177/1536867x1301300308 LS en-wikipedia-org-860 459 2 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 459 3 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-860 459 4 ResearchGate ResearchGate NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 459 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 460 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 460 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 460 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-860 460 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-860 460 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 460 6 MetaXL MetaXL VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 460 7 User User NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 460 8 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 460 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 460 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 460 11 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 460 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 460 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 461 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 461 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 461 3 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 461 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 461 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 462 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 462 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 462 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-860 462 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-860 462 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-860 462 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 462 7 MetaXL MetaXL NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 462 8 software software NN en-wikipedia-org-860 462 9 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-860 462 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 462 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 463 1 Epigear.com Epigear.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 463 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 464 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 464 2 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 464 3 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 464 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 465 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 465 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 465 3 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 465 4 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 465 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 466 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-860 466 2 Doi Doi NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 466 3 SA SA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 466 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 466 5 Barendregt Barendregt NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 466 6 JJ JJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 466 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 466 8 Khan Khan NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 466 9 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 466 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 466 11 Thalib Thalib NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 466 12 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 466 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 466 14 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 466 15 GM GM NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 466 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 466 17 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 466 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 466 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 467 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 467 2 Advances advance NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 467 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 467 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 467 5 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 467 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 467 7 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 467 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 467 9 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 467 10 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 467 11 trials trial NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 467 12 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 467 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 467 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 467 15 inverse inverse NN en-wikipedia-org-860 467 16 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 467 17 heterogeneity heterogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 467 18 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 467 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 467 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 467 21 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 467 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 467 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 468 1 Contemp Contemp NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 468 2 Clin Clin NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 468 3 Trials Trials NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 468 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 469 1 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 469 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 469 3 Pt Pt NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 469 4 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 469 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 469 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 469 7 130–8 130–8 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 469 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 470 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 470 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 470 3 j.cct.2015.05.009 j.cct.2015.05.009 JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 470 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 471 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 471 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 471 3 26003435 26003435 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 471 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 472 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 472 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 472 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-860 472 4 Doi Doi NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 472 5 SA SA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 472 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 472 7 Thalib Thalib NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 472 8 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 472 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 472 10 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 472 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 472 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 473 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 473 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 473 3 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 473 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 473 5 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 473 6 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 473 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 473 8 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 473 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 473 10 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 473 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 473 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 474 1 Epidemiology epidemiology NN en-wikipedia-org-860 474 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 475 1 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 475 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 475 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 475 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 475 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 475 6 94–100 94–100 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 475 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 476 1 doi:10.1097 doi:10.1097 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 476 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 476 3 EDE.0b013e31815c24e7 EDE.0b013e31815c24e7 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 476 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 477 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 477 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 477 3 18090860 18090860 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 477 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 478 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-860 478 2 Doi Doi NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 478 3 SA SA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 478 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 478 5 Barendregt Barendregt NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 478 6 JJ JJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 478 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 478 8 Mozurkewich Mozurkewich NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 478 9 EL EL NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 478 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 478 11 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 478 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 478 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 479 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 479 2 Meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 479 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 479 4 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 479 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 479 6 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 479 7 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 479 8 trials trial NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 479 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 479 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 479 11 empirical empirical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 479 12 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-860 479 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 479 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 480 1 Contemp Contemp NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 480 2 Clin Clin NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 480 3 Trials Trials NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 480 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 481 1 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 481 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 481 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 481 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 481 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 481 6 288–98 288–98 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 481 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 482 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 482 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 482 3 j.cct.2010.12.006 j.cct.2010.12.006 JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 482 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 483 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 483 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 483 3 21147265 21147265 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 483 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 484 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-860 484 2 Doi Doi NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 484 3 SA SA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 484 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 484 5 Barendregt Barendregt NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 484 6 JJ JJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 484 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 484 8 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 484 9 GM GM NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 484 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 484 11 Khan Khan NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 484 12 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 484 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 484 14 Thalib Thalib NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 484 15 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 484 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 484 17 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 484 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 484 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 485 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 485 2 Simulation Simulation NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 485 3 Comparison Comparison NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 485 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 485 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 485 6 Quality Quality NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 485 7 Effects Effects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 485 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 485 9 Random Random NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 485 10 Effects Effects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 485 11 Methods Methods NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 485 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 485 13 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 485 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 485 15 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 485 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 485 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 486 1 Epidemiology epidemiology NN en-wikipedia-org-860 486 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 487 1 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 487 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 487 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 487 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 487 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 487 6 e42–4 e42–4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 487 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 488 1 doi:10.1097 doi:10.1097 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 488 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 488 3 EDE.0000000000000289 EDE.0000000000000289 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 488 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 489 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 489 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 489 3 25872162 25872162 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 489 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 490 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-860 490 2 Doi Doi NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 490 3 SA SA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 490 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 490 5 Barendregt Barendregt NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 490 6 JJ JJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 490 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 490 8 Khan Khan NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 490 9 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 490 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 490 11 Thalib Thalib NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 490 12 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 490 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 490 14 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 490 15 GM GM NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 490 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 490 17 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 490 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 490 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 491 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 491 2 Advances advance NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 491 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 491 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 491 5 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 491 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 491 7 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 491 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 491 9 heterogeneous heterogeneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 491 10 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 491 11 trials trial NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 491 12 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 491 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 491 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 491 15 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 491 16 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 491 17 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 491 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 491 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 492 1 Contemp Contemp NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 492 2 Clin Clin NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 492 3 Trials Trials NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 492 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 493 1 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 493 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 493 3 Pt Pt NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 493 4 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 493 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 493 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 493 7 123–9 123–9 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 493 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 494 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 494 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 494 3 j.cct.2015.05.010 j.cct.2015.05.010 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 494 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 495 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 495 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 495 3 26003432 26003432 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 495 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 496 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 496 2 Bucher Bucher NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 496 3 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 496 4 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 496 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 496 6 Guyatt Guyatt NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 496 7 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 496 8 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 496 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 496 10 Griffith Griffith NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 496 11 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 496 12 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 496 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 496 14 Walter Walter NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 496 15 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 496 16 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 496 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 496 18 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 496 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 496 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 497 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 497 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 497 3 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 497 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 497 5 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 497 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 497 7 indirect indirect JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 497 8 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 497 9 comparisons comparison NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 497 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 497 11 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 497 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 497 13 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 497 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 497 15 randomized randomized JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 497 16 controlled controlled JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 497 17 trials trial NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 497 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 497 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 498 1 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 498 2 Clin Clin NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 498 3 Epidemiol Epidemiol NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 498 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 499 1 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 499 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 499 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 499 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 499 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 499 6 683–691 683–691 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 499 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 500 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 500 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 500 3 s0895 s0895 JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 500 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 500 5 4356(97)00049 4356(97)00049 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 500 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 500 7 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 500 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 501 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 501 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 501 3 9250266 9250266 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 501 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 502 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 502 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 502 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 502 4 Valkenhoef Valkenhoef NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 502 5 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 502 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 502 7 Lu Lu NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 502 8 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 502 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 502 10 Brock Brock NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 502 11 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 502 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 502 13 Hillege Hillege NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 502 14 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 502 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 502 16 Ades Ades NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 502 17 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-860 502 18 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 502 19 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 502 20 Welton Welton NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 502 21 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 502 22 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 503 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 503 2 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 503 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 503 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 504 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 504 2 Automating automate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 504 3 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-860 504 4 meta‐analysis meta‐analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 504 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 504 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 505 1 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 505 2 Synthesis Synthesis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 505 3 Methods Methods NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 505 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 506 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 506 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 506 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 506 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 506 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 506 6 285–299 285–299 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 506 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 507 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 507 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 507 3 jrsm.1054 jrsm.1054 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 507 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 508 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 508 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 508 3 26053422 26053422 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 508 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 509 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 509 2 Brooks Brooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 509 3 SP SP NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 509 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 509 5 Gelman Gelman NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 509 6 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 509 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 509 8 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 509 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 509 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 510 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 510 2 General general JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 510 3 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 510 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 510 5 monitoring monitor VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 510 6 convergence convergence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 510 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 510 8 iterative iterative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 510 9 simulations simulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 510 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 510 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 510 12 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 510 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 510 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 511 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 511 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 511 3 Computational Computational NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 511 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 511 5 Graphical Graphical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 511 6 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 511 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 512 1 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 512 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 512 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 512 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 512 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 512 6 434–455 434–455 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 512 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 513 1 doi:10.1080/10618600.1998.10474787 doi:10.1080/10618600.1998.10474787 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 513 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 514 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 514 2 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 514 3 Valkenhoef Valkenhoef NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 514 4 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 514 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 514 6 Lu Lu NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 514 7 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 514 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 514 9 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 514 10 Brock Brock NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 514 11 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 514 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 514 13 Hillege Hillege NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 514 14 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 514 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 514 16 Ades ade VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 514 17 AE AE NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 514 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 514 19 Welton Welton NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 514 20 NJ NJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 514 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 515 1 Automating automate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 515 2 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-860 515 3 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 515 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 515 5 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 515 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 516 1 Res Res NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 516 2 Synth Synth NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 516 3 Methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 516 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 517 1 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 517 2 Dec;3(4):285 Dec;3(4):285 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 517 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 517 4 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 517 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 518 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 518 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 518 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-860 518 4 Senn Senn NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 518 5 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 518 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 518 7 Gavini Gavini NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 518 8 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 518 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 518 10 Magrez Magrez NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 518 11 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 518 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 518 13 Scheen Scheen NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 518 14 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 518 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 518 16 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 518 17 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 518 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 518 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 519 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 519 2 Issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 519 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 519 4 performing perform VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 519 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 519 6 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-860 519 7 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 519 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 519 9 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 519 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 519 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 520 1 Stat stat JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 520 2 Methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 520 3 Med Med NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 520 4 Res Res NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 520 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 521 1 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 521 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 521 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 521 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 521 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 521 6 169–89 169–89 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 521 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 522 1 doi:10.1177/0962280211432220 doi:10.1177/0962280211432220 RB en-wikipedia-org-860 522 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 523 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 523 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 523 3 22218368 22218368 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 523 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 524 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-860 524 2 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 524 3 IR IR NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 524 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 524 5 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 524 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 524 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 525 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 525 2 Multivariate Multivariate NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 525 3 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 525 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 525 5 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 525 6 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 525 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 525 8 regression regression NN en-wikipedia-org-860 525 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 525 10 updates update VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 525 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 525 12 mvmeta mvmeta VB en-wikipedia-org-860 525 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 525 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 526 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 526 2 Stata Stata NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 526 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 526 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 527 1 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 527 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 527 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 527 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 527 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 527 6 255–270 255–270 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 527 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 528 1 doi:10.1177/1536867X1101100206 doi:10.1177/1536867x1101100206 LS en-wikipedia-org-860 528 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 529 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 529 2 van van NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 529 3 Valkenhoef Valkenhoef NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 529 4 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 529 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 529 6 Lu Lu NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 529 7 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 529 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 529 9 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 529 10 Brock Brock NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 529 11 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 529 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 529 13 Hillege Hillege NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 529 14 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 529 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 529 16 Ades ade VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 529 17 AE AE NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 529 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 529 19 Welton Welton NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 529 20 NJ NJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 529 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 530 1 Automating automate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 530 2 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-860 530 3 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 530 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 530 5 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 530 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 531 1 Res Res NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 531 2 Synth Synth NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 531 3 Methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 531 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 532 1 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 532 2 Dec;3(4):285 Dec;3(4):285 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 532 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 532 4 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 532 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-860 532 6 Willis Willis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 532 7 BH BH NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 532 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 532 9 Hyde Hyde NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 532 10 CJ CJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 532 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 532 12 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 532 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 532 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 533 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 533 2 Estimating estimate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 533 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 533 4 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-860 533 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 533 6 accuracy accuracy NN en-wikipedia-org-860 533 7 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 533 8 tailored tailor VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 533 9 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 533 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 533 11 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 533 12 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 533 13 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 533 14 setting set VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 533 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 533 16 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 533 17 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 533 18 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-860 533 19 aid aid VB en-wikipedia-org-860 533 20 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 533 21 selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-860 533 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 533 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 534 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 534 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 534 3 Clinical Clinical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 534 4 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 534 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 535 1 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 535 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 535 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 535 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 535 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 535 6 538–546 538–546 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 535 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 536 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 536 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 536 3 j.jclinepi.2013.10.016 j.jclinepi.2013.10.016 RB en-wikipedia-org-860 536 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 537 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 537 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 537 3 24447592 24447592 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 537 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 538 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-860 538 2 Willis Willis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 538 3 BH BH NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 538 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 538 5 Hyde Hyde NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 538 6 CJ CJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 538 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 538 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 538 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 538 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 539 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 539 2 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-860 539 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 539 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 539 5 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-860 539 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 539 7 accuracy accuracy NN en-wikipedia-org-860 539 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 539 9 my -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-860 539 10 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-860 539 11 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-860 539 12 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-860 540 1 Tailored tailor VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 540 2 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 540 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 540 4 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 540 5 provides provide VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 540 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 540 7 plausible plausible JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 540 8 estimate estimate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 540 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 540 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 541 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 541 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 541 3 Clinical Clinical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 541 4 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 541 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 542 1 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 542 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 542 3 8) 8) CD en-wikipedia-org-860 542 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 542 5 847–854 847–854 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 542 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 543 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 543 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 543 3 j.jclinepi.2014.10.002 j.jclinepi.2014.10.002 JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 543 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 544 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 544 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 544 3 25479685 25479685 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 544 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 545 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 545 2 Zhang Zhang NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 545 3 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 545 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 545 5 Deng Deng NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 545 6 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 545 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 545 8 Schiffman Schiffman NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 545 9 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 545 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 545 11 Qin Qin NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 545 12 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 545 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 545 14 Yu Yu NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 545 15 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 545 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 545 17 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 545 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 545 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 546 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 546 2 Generalized generalize VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 546 3 integration integration NN en-wikipedia-org-860 546 4 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 546 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 546 6 improved improved JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 546 7 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 546 8 inference inference NN en-wikipedia-org-860 546 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-860 546 10 leveraging leverage VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 546 11 external external JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 546 12 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-860 546 13 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 546 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 546 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 547 1 Biometrika Biometrika NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 547 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 548 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 548 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 548 3 biomet biomet NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 548 4 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 548 5 asaa014 asaa014 NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 548 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 549 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 2 Higgins Higgins NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 3 JP JP NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 549 5 Altman Altman NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 6 DG DG NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 549 8 Gøtzsche Gøtzsche NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 9 PC PC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 549 11 Jüni Jüni NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 12 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 549 14 Moher Moher NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 15 D D NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 549 17 Oxman Oxman NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 18 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 549 20 Savovic Savovic NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 21 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 549 23 Schulz Schulz NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 24 KF KF NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 549 26 Weeks Weeks NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 27 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 549 29 Sterne Sterne NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 30 JA JA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 31 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 549 32 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 33 Bias Bias NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 34 Methods Methods NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 35 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 36 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 549 37 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 38 Statistical Statistical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 39 Methods Methods NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 40 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 549 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 549 42 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 549 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 549 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 550 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 550 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 550 3 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 550 4 Collaboration Collaboration NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 550 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 550 6 tool tool NN en-wikipedia-org-860 550 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 550 8 assessing assess VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 550 9 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-860 550 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 550 11 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 550 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 550 13 randomised randomised JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 550 14 trials trial NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 550 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 550 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 551 1 BMJ BMJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 551 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 552 1 343 343 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 552 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 552 3 d5928 d5928 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 552 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 553 1 doi:10.1136 doi:10.1136 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 553 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 553 3 bmj.d5928 bmj.d5928 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 553 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 554 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 554 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 554 3 3196245 3196245 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 554 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 555 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 3 22008217.CS1 22008217.cs1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 555 4 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-860 555 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 555 6 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 555 7 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 555 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 555 9 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 555 10 list list NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 555 12 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-860 555 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 555 14 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 15 Whiting white VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 555 16 PF PF NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 555 18 Rutjes Rutjes NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 19 AW AW NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 555 21 Westwood Westwood NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 22 ME ME NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 555 24 Mallett Mallett NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 25 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 555 27 Deeks Deeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 555 28 JJ JJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 555 30 Reitsma Reitsma NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 31 JB JB NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 555 33 Leeflang Leeflang NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 34 MM MM NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 555 36 Sterne Sterne NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 37 JA JA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 555 39 Bossuyt Bossuyt NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 40 PM PM NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 555 42 QUADAS-2 quadas-2 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 555 43 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 555 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 555 45 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 555 46 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 555 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 556 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 556 2 QUADAS-2 quadas-2 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 556 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 556 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 556 5 revised revise VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 556 6 tool tool NN en-wikipedia-org-860 556 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 556 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 556 9 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 556 10 assessment assessment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 556 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 556 12 diagnostic diagnostic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 556 13 accuracy accuracy NN en-wikipedia-org-860 556 14 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 556 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 556 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 557 1 Annals Annals NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 557 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 557 3 Internal Internal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 557 4 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 557 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 558 1 155 155 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 558 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 558 3 8) 8) CD en-wikipedia-org-860 558 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 558 5 529–36 529–36 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 558 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 559 1 doi:10.7326/0003 doi:10.7326/0003 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 559 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 559 3 4819 4819 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 559 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 559 5 155 155 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 559 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 559 7 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 559 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 559 9 201110180 201110180 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 559 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 559 11 00009 00009 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 559 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 560 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 560 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 560 3 22007046.CS1 22007046.cs1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 560 4 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-860 560 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 560 6 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 560 7 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 560 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 560 9 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 560 10 list list NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 560 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 560 12 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-860 560 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 560 14 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-860 560 15 Royston Royston NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 560 16 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 560 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 560 18 Parmar Parmar NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 560 19 MK MK NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 560 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 560 21 Sylvester Sylvester NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 560 22 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 560 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 560 24 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 560 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 560 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 561 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 561 2 Construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 561 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 561 4 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 561 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 561 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 561 7 prognostic prognostic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 561 8 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 561 9 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-860 561 10 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 561 11 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 561 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 561 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 561 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 561 15 application application NN en-wikipedia-org-860 561 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 561 17 superficial superficial JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 561 18 bladder bladder NN en-wikipedia-org-860 561 19 cancer cancer NN en-wikipedia-org-860 561 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 561 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 562 1 Statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 562 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 562 3 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 562 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 563 1 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 563 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 563 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 563 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 563 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 563 6 907–26 907–26 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 563 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 564 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 564 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 564 3 sim.1691 sim.1691 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 564 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 565 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 565 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 565 3 15027080 15027080 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 565 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 566 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-860 566 2 Willis Willis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 566 3 BH BH NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 566 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 566 5 Riley Riley NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 566 6 RD RD NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 566 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 566 8 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 566 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 566 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 567 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 567 2 Measuring measure VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 567 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 567 4 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 567 5 validity validity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 567 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 567 7 summary summary NN en-wikipedia-org-860 567 8 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 567 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 567 10 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 567 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 567 12 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 567 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 567 14 regression regression NN en-wikipedia-org-860 567 15 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 567 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 567 17 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-860 567 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 567 19 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 567 20 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-860 567 21 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 567 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 568 1 Statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 568 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 568 3 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 568 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 569 1 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 569 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 569 3 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 569 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 569 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 569 6 3283–3301 3283–3301 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 569 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 570 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 570 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 570 3 sim.7372 sim.7372 JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 570 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 571 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 571 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 571 3 5575530 5575530 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 571 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 572 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 572 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 572 3 28620945 28620945 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 572 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 573 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 573 2 Riley Riley NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 573 3 RD RD NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 573 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 573 5 Ahmed Ahmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 573 6 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 573 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 573 8 Debray Debray NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 573 9 TP TP NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 573 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 573 11 Willis Willis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 573 12 BH BH NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 573 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 573 14 Noordzij Noordzij NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 573 15 P P NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 573 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 573 17 Higgins Higgins NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 573 18 JP JP NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 573 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 573 20 Deeks Deeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 573 21 JJ JJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 573 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 573 23 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 573 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 573 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 574 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 574 2 Summarising summarise VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 574 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 574 4 validating validate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 574 5 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-860 574 6 accuracy accuracy NN en-wikipedia-org-860 574 7 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 574 8 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-860 574 9 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 574 10 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 574 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 574 12 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-860 574 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 574 14 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 574 15 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-860 574 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 574 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 575 1 Statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 575 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 575 3 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 575 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 576 1 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 576 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 576 3 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 576 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 576 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 576 6 2081–2103 2081–2103 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 576 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 577 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 577 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 577 3 sim.6471 sim.6471 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 577 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 578 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 578 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 578 3 4973708 4973708 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 578 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 579 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 579 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 579 3 25800943 25800943 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 579 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 580 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 580 2 LeLorier LeLorier NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 580 3 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 580 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 580 5 Grégoire Grégoire NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 580 6 G G NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 580 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 580 8 Benhaddad Benhaddad NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 580 9 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 580 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 580 11 Lapierre Lapierre NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 580 12 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 580 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 580 14 Derderian Derderian NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 580 15 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 580 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 580 17 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 580 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 580 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 581 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 581 2 Discrepancies discrepancy NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 581 3 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-860 581 4 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 581 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 581 6 Analyses Analyses NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 581 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 581 8 Subsequent Subsequent NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 581 9 Large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 581 10 Randomized randomize VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 581 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 581 12 Controlled Controlled NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 581 13 Trials Trials NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 581 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 581 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 582 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 582 2 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 582 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 582 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 582 5 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 582 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 583 1 337 337 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 583 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 583 3 8) 8) CD en-wikipedia-org-860 583 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 583 5 536–542 536–542 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 583 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 584 1 doi:10.1056 doi:10.1056 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 584 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 584 3 NEJM199708213370806 nejm199708213370806 ADD en-wikipedia-org-860 584 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 585 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 585 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 585 3 9262498 9262498 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 585 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 586 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 586 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 586 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-860 586 4 Slavin Slavin NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 586 5 RE RE NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 586 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 586 7 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 586 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 586 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 587 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 587 2 Best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-860 587 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 587 4 Evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 587 5 Synthesis Synthesis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 587 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 587 7 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 587 8 Alternative alternative NN en-wikipedia-org-860 587 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 587 10 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 587 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 587 12 Analytic Analytic NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 587 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 587 14 Traditional Traditional NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 587 15 Reviews Reviews NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 587 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 587 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 588 1 Educational Educational NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 588 2 Researcher Researcher NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 588 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 589 1 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 589 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 589 3 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 589 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 589 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 589 6 5–9 5–9 LS en-wikipedia-org-860 589 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 590 1 doi:10.3102/0013189X015009005 doi:10.3102/0013189X015009005 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 590 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 591 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 591 2 Hunter Hunter NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 591 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 591 4 Schmidt Schmidt NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 591 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 591 6 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-860 591 7 Jackson Jackson NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 591 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 591 9 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 591 10 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 591 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 591 12 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 591 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 591 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 592 1 Meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 592 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 592 3 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 592 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 592 5 Cumulating cumulate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 592 6 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 592 7 findings finding NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 592 8 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-860 592 9 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 592 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 593 1 Beverly Beverly NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 593 2 Hills Hills NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 593 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 593 4 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 593 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 593 6 Sage sage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 593 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 593 8 CS1 cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 593 9 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-860 593 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 593 11 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 593 12 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 593 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 593 14 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 593 15 list list NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 593 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 593 17 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-860 593 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 593 19 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-860 593 20 Glass Glass NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 593 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 593 22 McGaw McGaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 593 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 593 24 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-860 593 25 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 593 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 593 27 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 593 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 593 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 594 1 Meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 594 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 594 3 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 594 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 594 5 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 594 6 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 594 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 595 1 Beverly Beverly NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 595 2 Hills Hills NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 595 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 595 4 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 595 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 595 6 Sage sage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 595 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 595 8 CS1 cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 595 9 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-860 595 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 595 11 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 595 12 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 595 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 595 14 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 595 15 list list NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 595 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 595 17 link link NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 595 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 595 19 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-860 595 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 595 21 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 595 22 Rosenthal Rosenthal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 595 23 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 595 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 595 25 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 595 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 595 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 596 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 596 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 596 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 596 4 File File NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 596 5 Drawer Drawer NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 596 6 Problem Problem NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 596 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 596 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 596 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 596 10 Tolerance Tolerance NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 596 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 596 12 Null Null NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 596 13 Results Results NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 596 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 596 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 597 1 Psychological Psychological NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 597 2 Bulletin Bulletin NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 597 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 598 1 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 598 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 598 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 598 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 598 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 598 6 638–641 638–641 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 598 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 599 1 doi:10.1037/0033 doi:10.1037/0033 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 599 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 599 3 2909.86.3.638 2909.86.3.638 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 599 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 600 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 600 2 Hunter Hunter NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 600 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 600 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 600 5 E E NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 600 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 600 7 Schmidt Schmidt NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 600 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 600 9 Frank Frank NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 600 10 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 600 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 600 12 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 600 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 600 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 601 1 Methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 601 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 601 3 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 601 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 601 5 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 601 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 601 7 Correcting correct VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 601 8 Error Error NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 601 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 601 10 Bias Bias NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 601 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 601 12 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 601 13 Findings Findings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 601 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 602 1 Newbury Newbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 602 2 Park Park NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 602 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 602 4 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 602 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 602 6 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 602 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 602 8 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 602 9 Delhi Delhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 602 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 602 11 SAGE SAGE NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 602 12 Publications Publications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 602 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 603 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 603 2 Light Light NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 603 3 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-860 603 4 Pillemer Pillemer NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 603 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 603 6 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 603 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 603 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 604 1 Summing sum VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 604 2 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-860 604 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 604 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 604 5 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-860 604 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 604 7 reviewing review VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 604 8 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 604 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 605 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 605 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 605 3 CA CA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 605 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 605 5 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 605 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 605 7 Pree Pree NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 605 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 606 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-860 606 2 Ioannidis Ioannidis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 606 3 JP JP NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 606 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 606 5 Trikalinos Trikalinos NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 606 6 TA TA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 606 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 606 8 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 606 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 606 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 607 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 607 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 607 3 appropriateness appropriateness NN en-wikipedia-org-860 607 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 607 5 asymmetry asymmetry NN en-wikipedia-org-860 607 6 tests test NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 607 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 607 8 publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 607 9 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 607 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 607 11 meta meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 607 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 607 13 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 607 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 607 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 607 16 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 607 17 survey survey NN en-wikipedia-org-860 607 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 607 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 608 1 CMAJ CMAJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 608 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 609 1 176 176 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 609 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 609 3 8) 8) CD en-wikipedia-org-860 609 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 609 5 1091–6 1091–6 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 609 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 610 1 doi:10.1503 doi:10.1503 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 610 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 610 3 cmaj.060410 cmaj.060410 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 610 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 611 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 611 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 611 3 1839799 1839799 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 611 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 612 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 612 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 612 3 17420491 17420491 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 612 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 613 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 613 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 613 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-860 613 4 Ferguson Ferguson NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 613 5 CJ CJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 613 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 613 7 Brannick Brannick NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 613 8 MT MT NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 613 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 613 10 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 613 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 613 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 614 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 614 2 Publication publication NN en-wikipedia-org-860 614 3 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 614 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 614 5 psychological psychological JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 614 6 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-860 614 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 614 8 prevalence prevalence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 614 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 614 10 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 614 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 614 12 identifying identify VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 614 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 614 14 controlling control VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 614 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 614 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 614 17 implications implication NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 614 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 614 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 614 20 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-860 614 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 614 22 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 614 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 614 24 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 614 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 614 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 615 1 Psychol Psychol NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 615 2 Methods Methods NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 615 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 616 1 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 616 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 616 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 616 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 616 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 616 6 120–8 120–8 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 616 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 617 1 doi:10.1037 doi:10.1037 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 617 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 617 3 a0024445 a0024445 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 617 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 618 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 618 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 618 3 21787082 21787082 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 618 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 619 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 619 2 Simmons Simmons NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 619 3 JP JP NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 619 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 619 5 Nelson Nelson NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 619 6 LD LD NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 619 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 619 8 Simonsohn Simonsohn NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 619 9 U U NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 619 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 619 11 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 619 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 619 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 620 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 620 2 False false JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 620 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 620 4 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 620 5 psychology psychology NN en-wikipedia-org-860 620 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 620 7 undisclosed undisclosed JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 620 8 flexibility flexibility NN en-wikipedia-org-860 620 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 620 10 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 620 11 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-860 620 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 620 13 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 620 14 allows allow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 620 15 presenting present VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 620 16 anything anything NN en-wikipedia-org-860 620 17 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-860 620 18 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 620 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 620 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 621 1 Psychol Psychol NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 621 2 Sci Sci NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 621 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 622 1 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 622 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 622 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 622 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 622 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 622 6 1359–66 1359–66 LS en-wikipedia-org-860 622 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 623 1 doi:10.1177/0956797611417632 doi:10.1177/0956797611417632 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 623 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 624 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 624 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 624 3 22006061 22006061 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 624 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 625 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 625 2 LeBel LeBel NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 625 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 625 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 625 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 625 6 Peters Peters NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 625 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 625 8 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 625 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 625 10 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 625 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 625 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 626 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 626 2 Fearing fear VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 626 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 626 4 future future NN en-wikipedia-org-860 626 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 626 6 empirical empirical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 626 7 psychology psychology NN en-wikipedia-org-860 626 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 626 9 Bem Bem NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 626 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 626 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 626 12 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 626 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 626 14 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 626 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 626 16 psi psi NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 626 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 626 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 626 19 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-860 626 20 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 626 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 626 22 deficiencies deficiency NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 626 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 626 24 modal modal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 626 25 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 626 26 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-860 626 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 626 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 626 29 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 626 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 626 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 627 1 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 627 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 627 3 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 627 4 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 627 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 628 1 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 628 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 628 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 628 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 628 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 628 6 371–379 371–379 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 628 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 629 1 doi:10.1037 doi:10.1037 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 629 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 629 3 a0025172 a0025172 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 629 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 630 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 630 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 630 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 630 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 630 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 630 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 630 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 630 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 630 9 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 630 10 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 630 11 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 630 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 631 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 631 2 Radua Radua NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 631 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 631 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 631 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 631 6 Schmidt Schmidt NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 631 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 631 8 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-860 631 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 631 10 Borgwardt Borgwardt NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 631 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 631 12 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 631 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 631 14 Heinz Heinz NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 631 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 631 16 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 631 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 631 18 Schlagenhauf Schlagenhauf NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 631 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 631 20 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 631 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 631 22 McGuire McGuire NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 631 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 631 24 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 631 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 631 26 Fusar Fusar NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 631 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 631 28 Poli Poli NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 631 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 631 30 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 631 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 631 32 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 631 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 631 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 632 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 632 2 Ventral Ventral NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 632 3 Striatal Striatal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 632 4 Activation Activation NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 632 5 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-860 632 6 Reward Reward NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 632 7 Processing Processing NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 632 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 632 9 Psychosis Psychosis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 632 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 632 11 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 632 12 Neurofunctional Neurofunctional NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 632 13 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 632 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 632 15 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 632 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 632 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 633 1 JAMA JAMA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 633 2 Psychiatry Psychiatry NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 633 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 634 1 72 72 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 634 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 634 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 634 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 634 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 634 6 1243–1251 1243–1251 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 634 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 635 1 doi:10.1001 doi:10.1001 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 635 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 635 3 jamapsychiatry.2015.2196 jamapsychiatry.2015.2196 ADD en-wikipedia-org-860 635 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 636 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 636 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 636 3 26558708 26558708 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 636 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 637 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 637 2 Hodges Hodges NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 637 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 637 4 Jim Jim NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 637 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 637 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 637 7 Clayton Clayton NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 637 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 637 9 Murray Murray NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 637 10 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 637 11 Random Random NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 637 12 Effects Effects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 637 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 637 14 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 637 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 637 16 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 637 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 638 1 Statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 638 2 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 638 3 XX XX NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 638 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 638 5 XX XX NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 638 6 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 638 7 XX XX NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 638 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 639 1 URL URL NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 639 2 http://www http://www NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 639 3 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 639 4 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 639 5 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 639 6 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 639 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-860 639 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 639 9 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 639 10 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 639 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 640 1 biostat biostat NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 640 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 641 1 umn umn NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 641 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 642 1 edu/~ edu/~ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 642 2 hodges hodge NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 642 3 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 642 4 Hodges Hodges NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 642 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 642 6 ClaytonREONsubToStatSci ClaytonREONsubToStatSci NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 642 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 642 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 642 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 642 10 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-860 642 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 642 12 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-860 642 13 Hodges Hodges NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 642 14 JS JS NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 642 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 643 1 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 643 2 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 643 3 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 643 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 643 5 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 643 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 644 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 644 2 Hodges Hodges NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 644 3 JS JS NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 644 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 645 1 Richly richly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 645 2 parameterized parameterize VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 645 3 linear linear JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 645 4 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 645 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 645 6 additive additive NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 645 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 645 8 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-860 645 9 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-860 645 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 645 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 645 12 spatial spatial JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 645 13 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 645 14 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 645 15 random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 645 16 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 645 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 646 1 USA USA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 646 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 646 3 CRC CRC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 646 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 646 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 646 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 646 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 646 8 285–302 285–302 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 646 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 647 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 647 2 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 647 3 Sabhan Sabhan NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 647 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-860 647 5 Stegenga Stegenga NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 647 6 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 647 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 647 8 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 647 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 647 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 648 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 648 2 Is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 648 3 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 648 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 648 5 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 648 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 648 7 platinum platinum NN en-wikipedia-org-860 648 8 standard standard NN en-wikipedia-org-860 648 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 648 10 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 648 11 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-860 648 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 648 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 649 1 Stud Stud NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 649 2 Hist Hist NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 649 3 Philos Philos NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 649 4 Biol Biol NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 649 5 Biomed Biomed NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 649 6 Sci Sci NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 649 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 650 1 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 650 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 650 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 650 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 650 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 650 6 497–507 497–507 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 650 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 651 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 651 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 651 3 j.shpsc.2011.07.003 j.shpsc.2011.07.003 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 651 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 652 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 652 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 652 3 22035723 22035723 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 652 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 653 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 2 Roseman Roseman NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 3 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 653 5 Milette Milette NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 6 K K NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 653 8 Bero Bero NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 9 LA LA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 653 11 Coyne Coyne NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 12 JC JC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 653 14 Lexchin Lexchin NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 15 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 653 17 Turner Turner NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 18 EH EH NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 653 20 Thombs Thombs NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 21 BD BD NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 653 23 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 653 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 653 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 653 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 653 27 Reporting report VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 653 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 653 29 Conflicts Conflicts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 653 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 653 31 Interest Interest NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 653 33 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 653 35 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 653 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 653 37 Trials Trials NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 653 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 653 39 Pharmacological Pharmacological NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 40 Treatments Treatments NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 653 41 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 653 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 653 43 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 653 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 653 46 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 47 Medical Medical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 48 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 653 50 305 305 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 653 51 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 653 52 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 653 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 653 54 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 653 55 1008–1017 1008–1017 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 653 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 653 57 doi:10.1001 doi:10.1001 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 58 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 653 59 jama.2011.257 jama.2011.257 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 653 61 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 62   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 63 21386079CS1 21386079cs1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 653 64 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-860 653 65 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 653 66 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 653 67 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 653 68 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 653 69 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 653 70 list list NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 71 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 653 72 link link NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 73 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 653 74 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-860 653 75 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 653 76 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-860 653 77 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 653 78 The The NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 79 Osteen Osteen NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 80 Decision Decision NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 653 81 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 653 82 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 654 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 654 2 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 654 3 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 654 4 District District NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 654 5 Court Court NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 654 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 654 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 654 8 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 654 9 District District NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 654 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 654 11 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 654 12 Carolina Carolina NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 654 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 655 1 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 655 2 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 655 3 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 655 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 656 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 656 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 656 3 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 656 4 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 656 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 657 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 657 2 Cheung Cheung NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 657 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 657 4 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 657 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 657 6 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 657 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 657 8 Slavin Slavin NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 657 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 657 10 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 657 11 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 657 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 657 13 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 657 14 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 657 15 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 657 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 657 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 658 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 658 2 How how WRB en-wikipedia-org-860 658 3 Methodological methodological JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 658 4 Features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 658 5 Affect affect VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 658 6 Effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-860 658 7 Sizes size NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 658 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 658 9 Education Education NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 658 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 658 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 659 1 Educational Educational NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 659 2 Researcher Researcher NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 659 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 660 1 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 660 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 660 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 660 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 660 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 660 6 283–292 283–292 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 660 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 661 1 doi:10.3102/0013189X16656615 doi:10.3102/0013189x16656615 LS en-wikipedia-org-860 661 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 662 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-860 662 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 662 3 0013 0013 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 662 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 662 5 189X. 189x. CD en-wikipedia-org-860 663 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 663 2 Debray Debray NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 663 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 663 4 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 663 5 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 663 6 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 663 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 663 8 Riley Riley NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 663 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 663 10 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 663 11 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 663 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 663 13 Rovers Rovers NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 663 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 663 15 Maroeska Maroeska NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 663 16 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 663 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 663 18 Reitsma Reitsma NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 663 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 663 20 Johannes Johannes NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 663 21 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 663 22 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 663 23 Moons Moons NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 663 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 663 25 Karel Karel NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 663 26 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 663 27 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 663 28 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 663 29 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 663 30 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 663 31 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 663 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 663 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 664 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 664 2 Individual Individual NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 664 3 Participant Participant NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 664 4 Data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 664 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 664 6 IPD IPD NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 664 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 664 8 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 664 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 664 10 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 664 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 664 12 Diagnostic diagnostic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 664 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 664 14 Prognostic Prognostic NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 664 15 Modeling Modeling NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 664 16 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 664 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 664 18 Guidance guidance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 664 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 664 20 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-860 664 21 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 664 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 664 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 665 1 PLOS PLOS NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 665 2 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 665 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 666 1 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 666 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 666 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 666 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 666 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 666 6 e1001886 e1001886 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 666 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 667 1 doi:10.1371 doi:10.1371 LS en-wikipedia-org-860 667 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 667 3 journal.pmed.1001886 journal.pmed.1001886 JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 667 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 668 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 668 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 668 3 4603958 4603958 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 668 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 669 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 669 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 669 3 26461078 26461078 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 669 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 670 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 670 2 Debray Debray NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 670 3 TP TP NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 670 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 670 5 Moons Moons NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 670 6 KG KG NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 670 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 670 8 Ahmed Ahmed NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 670 9 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 670 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 670 11 Koffijberg Koffijberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 670 12 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 670 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 670 14 Riley Riley NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 670 15 RD RD NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 670 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 670 17 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 670 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 670 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 671 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 671 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 671 3 framework framework NN en-wikipedia-org-860 671 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 671 5 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 671 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 671 7 implementing implement VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 671 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 671 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 671 10 evaluating evaluate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 671 11 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 671 12 prediction prediction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 671 13 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 671 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 671 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 671 16 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 671 17 participant participant NN en-wikipedia-org-860 671 18 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 671 19 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 671 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 671 21 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 671 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 671 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 672 1 Statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 672 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 672 3 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 672 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 673 1 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 673 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 673 3 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 673 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 673 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 673 6 3158–80 3158–80 LS en-wikipedia-org-860 673 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 674 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 674 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 674 3 sim.5732 sim.5732 JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 674 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 675 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 675 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 675 3 23307585 23307585 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 675 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 676 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 676 2 Debray Debray NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 676 3 TP TP NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 676 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 676 5 Koffijberg Koffijberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 676 6 H H NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 676 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 676 8 Vergouwe Vergouwe NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 676 9 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 676 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 676 11 Moons Moons NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 676 12 KG KG NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 676 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 676 14 Steyerberg Steyerberg NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 676 15 EW EW NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 676 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 676 17 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 676 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 676 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 677 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 677 2 Aggregating aggregate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 677 3 published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 677 4 prediction prediction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 677 5 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 677 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 677 7 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 677 8 participant participant NN en-wikipedia-org-860 677 9 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 677 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 677 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 677 12 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-860 677 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 677 14 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 677 15 approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 677 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 677 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 678 1 Statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 678 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 678 3 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 678 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 679 1 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 679 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 679 3 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 679 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 679 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 679 6 2697–2712 2697–2712 LS en-wikipedia-org-860 679 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 680 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 680 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 680 3 sim.5412 sim.5412 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 680 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 681 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 681 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 681 3 22733546 22733546 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 681 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 682 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 682 2 Van Van NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 682 3 den den NN en-wikipedia-org-860 682 4 Noortgate Noortgate NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 682 5 W W NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 682 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 682 7 Onghena Onghena NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 682 8 P p NN en-wikipedia-org-860 682 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 682 10 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 682 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 682 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 683 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 683 2 Aggregating aggregate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 683 3 Single Single NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 683 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 683 5 Case case NN en-wikipedia-org-860 683 6 Results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 683 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 683 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 684 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 684 2 Behavior Behavior NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 684 3 Analyst Analyst NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 684 4 Today Today NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 684 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 685 1 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 685 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 685 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 685 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 685 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 685 6 196–209 196–209 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 685 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 686 1 doi:10.1037 doi:10.1037 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 686 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 686 3 h0100613 h0100613 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 686 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 687 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 687 2 Mantel Mantel NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 687 3 N N NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 687 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 687 5 Haenszel Haenszel NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 687 6 W W NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 687 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 687 8 1959 1959 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 687 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 687 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 688 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 688 2 Statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 688 3 aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 688 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 688 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 688 6 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 688 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 688 8 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 688 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 688 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 688 11 retrospective retrospective JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 688 12 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 688 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 688 14 disease disease NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 688 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 688 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 689 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 689 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 689 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 689 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 689 5 Cancer Cancer NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 689 6 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 689 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 690 1 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 690 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 690 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 690 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 690 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 690 6 719–748 719–748 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 690 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 691 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 691 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 691 3 jnci/22.4.719 jnci/22.4.719 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 691 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 692 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 692 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 692 3 13655060 13655060 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 692 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 693 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-860 693 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 693 3 9.4.4.2 9.4.4.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 693 4 Peto Peto NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 693 5 odds odd NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 693 6 ratio ratio NN en-wikipedia-org-860 693 7 method method NN en-wikipedia-org-860 693 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 693 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 694 1 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 694 2 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 694 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 694 4 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 694 5 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 694 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 694 7 Interventions Interventions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 694 8 v v IN en-wikipedia-org-860 694 9 5.1.0 5.1.0 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 694 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 695 1 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 695 2 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 695 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 696 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-860 696 2 Bargaje Bargaje NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 696 3 R R NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 696 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 696 5 Hariharan Hariharan NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 696 6 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 696 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 696 8 Scaria Scaria NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 696 9 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 696 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 696 11 Pillai Pillai NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 696 12 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 696 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 696 14 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 696 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 696 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 697 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 697 2 Consensus consensus NN en-wikipedia-org-860 697 3 miRNA mirna IN en-wikipedia-org-860 697 4 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-860 697 5 profiles profile NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 697 6 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 697 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 697 8 interplatform interplatform JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 697 9 normalization normalization NN en-wikipedia-org-860 697 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 697 11 microarray microarray JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 697 12 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 697 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 697 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 698 1 RNA RNA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 698 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 699 1 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 699 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 699 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 699 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 699 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 699 6 16–25 16–25 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 699 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 700 1 doi:10.1261 doi:10.1261 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 700 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 700 3 rna.1688110 rna.1688110 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 700 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 701 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 701 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 701 3 2802026 2802026 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 701 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 702 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 702 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 702 3 19948767 19948767 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 702 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 703 1 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 703 2 reading[edit reading[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 703 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 703 4 Cooper Cooper NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 703 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 703 6 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 703 7 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-860 703 8 Hedges Hedges NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 703 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 703 10 L.V. L.V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 704 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 704 2 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 704 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 704 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 705 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 705 2 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 705 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 705 4 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 705 5 Synthesis Synthesis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 705 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 706 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 706 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 706 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 706 4 Russell Russell NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 706 5 Sage Sage NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 706 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 707 1 Cornell Cornell NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 707 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 707 3 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 707 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 707 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-860 707 6 Mulrow Mulrow NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 707 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 707 8 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 707 9 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 707 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 707 11 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 707 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 707 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 708 1 Meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 708 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 708 3 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 708 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 709 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 709 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 709 3 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 709 4 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 709 5 Adèr Adèr NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 709 6 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-860 709 7 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 709 8 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 709 9 Mellenbergh Mellenbergh NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 709 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 709 11 Eds Eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 709 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 709 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 710 1 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 710 2 Methodology Methodology NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 710 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 710 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 710 5 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 710 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 710 7 behavioral behavioral JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 710 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 710 9 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-860 710 10 sciences science NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 710 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 710 12 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 710 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 711 1 285–323 285–323 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 711 2 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 711 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 712 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 712 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 712 3 Sage sage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 712 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 713 1 Normand Normand NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 713 2 SL SL NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 713 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 713 4 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 713 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 713 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 714 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 714 2 Tutorial Tutorial NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 714 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 714 4 Biostatistics Biostatistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 714 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 715 1 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 715 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 715 3 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 715 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 715 5 Formulating formulating NN en-wikipedia-org-860 715 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 715 7 Evaluating Evaluating NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 715 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 715 9 Combining Combining NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 715 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 715 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 715 12 Reporting report VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 715 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 715 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 716 1 Statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 716 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 716 3 Medicine Medicine NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 716 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 717 1 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 717 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 717 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 717 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 717 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 717 6 321–359 321–359 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 717 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 718 1 doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097 doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 718 2 - - : en-wikipedia-org-860 718 3 0258(19990215)18:3<321::AID 0258(19990215)18:3<321::aid NN en-wikipedia-org-860 718 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 718 5 SIM28>3.0.CO;2-P. sim28>3.0.co;2-p. NN en-wikipedia-org-860 718 6 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 718 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 718 8 10070677 10070677 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 718 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 719 1 Sutton Sutton NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 719 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 719 3 A.J. A.J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 719 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 719 5 Jones Jones NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 719 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 719 7 D.R. D.R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 719 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 719 9 Abrams Abrams NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 719 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 719 11 K.R. K.R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 719 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 719 13 Sheldon Sheldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 719 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 719 15 T.A. T.A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 719 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 719 17 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-860 719 18 Song Song NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 719 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 719 20 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 719 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 719 22 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 719 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 719 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 720 1 Methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 720 2 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 720 3 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 720 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 720 5 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 720 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 720 7 Medical Medical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 720 8 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 720 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 721 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 721 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 721 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 721 4 Wiley Wiley NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 721 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 722 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 722 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 722 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 722 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 722 5 471 471 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 722 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 722 7 49066 49066 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 722 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 722 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 722 10 Higgins Higgins NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 722 11 JPT JPT NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 722 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 722 13 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 722 14 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 722 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 722 16 editors editor NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 722 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 722 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 723 1 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 723 2 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 723 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 723 4 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 723 5 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 723 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 723 7 Interventions Interventions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 723 8 Version Version NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 723 9 5.0.1 5.0.1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 723 10 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 723 11 updated update VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 723 12 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 723 13 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 723 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 723 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 724 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 724 2 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 724 3 Collaboration Collaboration NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 724 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 724 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 724 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 725 1 Available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 725 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 725 3 www.cochrane-handbook.org www.cochrane-handbook.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 725 4 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 725 5 SG SG NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 725 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 725 7 Pocock Pocock NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 725 8 SJ SJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 725 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-860 725 10 Pocock Pocock NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 725 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 725 12 Stuart Stuart NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 725 13 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 725 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 725 15 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 725 16 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 725 17 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 725 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 725 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 726 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 726 2 Can Can MD en-wikipedia-org-860 726 3 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 726 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 726 5 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 726 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-860 726 7 trusted trust VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 726 8 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-860 726 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 727 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 727 2 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 727 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 727 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 728 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 728 2 Lancet Lancet NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 728 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 729 1 338 338 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 729 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 729 3 8775 8775 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 729 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 729 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 729 6 1127–1130 1127–1130 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 729 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 730 1 doi:10.1016/0140 doi:10.1016/0140 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 730 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 730 3 6736(91)91975-Z. 6736(91)91975-Z. . en-wikipedia-org-860 731 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 731 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 731 3 1682553 1682553 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 731 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 732 1 Archived archived JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 732 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 732 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 732 4 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 732 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 732 6 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 732 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 732 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 732 9 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 732 10 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 732 11 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 732 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 733 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 733 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 733 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 733 4 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 733 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 733 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 734 1 Explores explore NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 734 2 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-860 734 3 contrasting contrast VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 734 4 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 734 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 734 6 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 734 7 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 734 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 734 9 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 734 10 provide provide NN en-wikipedia-org-860 734 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 734 12 objective objective JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 734 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 734 14 quantitative quantitative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 734 15 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 734 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 734 17 combining combine VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 734 18 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 734 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 734 20 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 734 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-860 734 22 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 734 23 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 734 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 734 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 734 26 merely merely RB en-wikipedia-org-860 734 27 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 734 28 statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 734 29 tricks trick NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 734 30 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-860 734 31 make make VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 734 32 unjustified unjustified JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 734 33 assumptions assumption NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 734 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 734 35 producing produce VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 734 36 oversimplified oversimplified JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 734 37 generalisations generalisation NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 734 38 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-860 734 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 734 40 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 734 41 complex complex NN en-wikipedia-org-860 734 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 734 43 disparate disparate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 734 44 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 734 45 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 734 46 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-860 735 1 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 735 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 735 3 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 735 4 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 735 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 735 6 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-860 735 7 Lipsey Lipsey NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 735 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 735 9 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 735 10 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 735 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 735 12 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 735 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 735 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 736 1 Practical practical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 736 2 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 736 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 736 4 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 736 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 737 1 Thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-860 737 2 Oaks Oaks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 737 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 737 4 Sage sage NN en-wikipedia-org-860 737 5 publications publication NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 737 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 738 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 738 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 738 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 738 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 738 5 7619 7619 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 738 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 738 7 2168 2168 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 738 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 738 9 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 738 10 O'Rourke O'Rourke NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 738 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 738 12 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 738 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 738 14 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 738 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 738 16 Just just RB en-wikipedia-org-860 738 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 738 18 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-860 738 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 738 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 738 21 combining combining NN en-wikipedia-org-860 738 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 738 23 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-860 738 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 738 25 investigating investigate VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 738 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 738 27 synthesizing synthesize VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 738 28 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-860 738 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 738 30 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 738 31 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 738 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 738 33 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 738 34 observations observation NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 738 35 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-860 738 36 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 738 37 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-860 738 38 likelihood likelihood NN en-wikipedia-org-860 738 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 739 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 739 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 739 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 739 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 739 5 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 739 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 739 7 Department Department NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 739 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 739 9 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 739 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 740 1 Gives give VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 740 2 technical technical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 740 3 background background NN en-wikipedia-org-860 740 4 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-860 740 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 740 6 details detail NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 740 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 740 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 740 9 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 740 10 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 740 11 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 740 12 perspective perspective NN en-wikipedia-org-860 740 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 740 14 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 740 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 740 16 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 740 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 740 18 paper paper NN en-wikipedia-org-860 740 19 cited cite VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 740 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 740 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 740 22 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 740 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 741 1 Owen Owen NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 741 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 741 3 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-860 742 1 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 743 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 743 2 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 743 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 743 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 744 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 744 2 Karl Karl NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 744 3 Pearson Pearson NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 744 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 744 5 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 744 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 744 7 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 744 8 revisited revisit VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 744 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 744 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 745 1 Annals Annals NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 745 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 745 3 Statistics Statistics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 745 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 745 5 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 745 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 745 7 6B 6b NN en-wikipedia-org-860 745 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 745 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 745 10 3867–3892 3867–3892 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 745 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 746 1 Supplementary supplementary JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 746 2 report report NN en-wikipedia-org-860 746 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 747 1 Ellis Ellis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 747 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 747 3 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 747 4 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 747 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 747 6 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 747 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 747 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 748 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 748 2 Essential Essential NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 748 3 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 748 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 748 5 Effect effect VB en-wikipedia-org-860 748 6 Sizes size NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 748 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 748 8 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 748 9 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 748 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 748 11 Statistical Statistical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 748 12 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 748 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 748 14 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 748 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 748 16 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 748 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 748 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 748 19 Interpretation Interpretation NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 748 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 748 21 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 748 22 Results Results NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 748 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 749 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 749 2 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 749 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 749 4 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 749 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 749 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 749 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 750 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 750 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 750 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 750 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 750 5 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 750 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 750 7 14246 14246 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 750 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 750 9 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 750 10 Bonett Bonett NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 750 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 750 12 DG DG NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 750 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 750 14 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 750 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 750 16 Point point NN en-wikipedia-org-860 750 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 750 18 biserial biserial JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 750 19 correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 750 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 750 21 Confidence confidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 750 22 intervals interval NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 750 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 750 24 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 750 25 testing testing NN en-wikipedia-org-860 750 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 750 27 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 750 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 750 29 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 750 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 750 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 750 32 sample sample NN en-wikipedia-org-860 750 33 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-860 750 34 planning planning NN en-wikipedia-org-860 750 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 751 1 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 751 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 751 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 751 4 Mathematical Mathematical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 751 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 751 6 Statistical Statistical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 751 7 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 751 8 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 751 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 751 10 doi doi NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 751 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 751 12 10.1111 10.1111 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 751 13 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 751 14 bmsp.12189 bmsp.12189 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 751 15 Bonett Bonett NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 751 16 DG DG NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 751 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 751 18 Price Price NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 751 19 RM RM NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 751 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 751 21 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 751 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 751 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 752 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 752 2 Varying varying JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 752 3 coefficient coefficient NN en-wikipedia-org-860 752 4 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 752 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 752 6 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 752 7 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 752 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 752 9 odds odd NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 752 10 ratios ratio NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 752 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 752 12 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-860 752 13 ratios ratio NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 752 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 752 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 753 1 Psychol Psychol NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 753 2 Methods Methods NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 753 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 754 1 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 754 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 754 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 754 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 754 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 754 6 394–406 394–406 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 754 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 755 1 doi:10.1037 doi:10.1037 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 755 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 755 3 met0000032 met0000032 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 755 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 756 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 756 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 756 3 25751513 25751513 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 756 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 757 1 Bonett Bonett NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 757 2 DG DG NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 757 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 757 4 Price Price NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 757 5 RM RM NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 757 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 757 7 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 757 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 757 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 758 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 758 2 Meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 758 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 758 4 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 758 5 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 758 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 758 7 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-860 758 8 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 758 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 758 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 759 1 Br br IN en-wikipedia-org-860 759 2 J J NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 759 3 Math Math NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 759 4 Stat Stat NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 759 5 Psychol Psychol NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 759 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 760 1 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 760 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 760 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 760 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 760 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 760 6 371–87 371–87 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 760 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 761 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 761 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 761 3 bmsp.12024 bmsp.12024 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 761 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 762 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 762 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 762 3 23962020 23962020 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 762 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 763 1 Bonett Bonett NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 763 2 DG DG NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 763 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 763 4 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 763 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 763 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 764 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 764 2 Varying varying JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 764 3 coefficient coefficient NN en-wikipedia-org-860 764 4 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 764 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 764 6 analytic analytic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 764 7 methods method NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 764 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 764 9 alpha alpha NN en-wikipedia-org-860 764 10 reliability reliability NN en-wikipedia-org-860 764 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 764 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 765 1 Psychol Psychol NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 765 2 Methods Methods NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 765 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 766 1 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 766 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 766 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 766 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 766 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 766 6 368–85 368–85 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 766 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 767 1 doi:10.1037 doi:10.1037 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 767 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 767 3 a0020142 a0020142 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 767 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 768 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 768 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 768 3 20853952 20853952 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 768 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 769 1 Bonett Bonett NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 769 2 DG DG NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 769 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 769 4 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 769 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 769 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 770 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 770 2 Meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 770 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 770 4 analytic analytic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 770 5 interval interval NN en-wikipedia-org-860 770 6 estimation estimation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 770 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 770 8 standardized standardized JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 770 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 770 10 unstandardized unstandardized JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 770 11 mean mean JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 770 12 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 770 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 770 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 771 1 Psychol Psychol NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 771 2 Methods Methods NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 771 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 772 1 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 772 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 772 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 772 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 772 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 772 6 225–38 225–38 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 772 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 773 1 doi:10.1037 doi:10.1037 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 773 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 773 3 a0016619 a0016619 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 773 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 774 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 774 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 774 3 19719359 19719359 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 774 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 775 1 Bonett Bonett NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 775 2 DG DG NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 775 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 775 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 775 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 775 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 776 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 776 2 Meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 776 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 776 4 analytic analytic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 776 5 interval interval NN en-wikipedia-org-860 776 6 estimation estimation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 776 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 776 8 bivariate bivariate JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 776 9 correlations correlation NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 776 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 776 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 777 1 Psychol Psychol NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 777 2 Methods Methods NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 777 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 778 1 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 778 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 778 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 778 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 778 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 778 6 173–81 173–81 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 778 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 779 1 doi:10.1037 doi:10.1037 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 779 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 779 3 a0012868 a0012868 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 779 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 780 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 780 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 780 3 18778150 18778150 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 780 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 781 1 External External NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 781 2 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-860 781 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 781 4 Wikiversity wikiversity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 781 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 781 6 learning learn VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 781 7 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 781 8 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-860 781 9 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 781 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 781 11 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 781 12 Cochrane Cochrane NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 781 13 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 781 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 781 15 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 781 16 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 781 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 781 18 Interventions Interventions NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 781 19 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 781 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 781 21 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 781 22 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-860 781 23 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 781 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 781 25 Gene Gene NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 781 26 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 781 27 Glass Glass NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 781 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 781 29 Preferred Preferred NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 781 30 Reporting Reporting NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 781 31 Items Items NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 781 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 781 33 Systematic Systematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 781 34 Reviews Reviews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 781 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 781 36 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 781 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 781 38 Analyses Analyses NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 781 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 781 40 PRISMA PRISMA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 781 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 781 42 Statement statement NN en-wikipedia-org-860 781 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 781 44 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 781 45 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-860 781 46 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 781 47 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 781 48 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 781 49 minimum minimum JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 781 50 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-860 781 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 781 52 items item NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 781 53 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 781 54 reporting report VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 781 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 781 56 systematic systematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 781 57 reviews review NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 781 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 781 59 meta meta NN en-wikipedia-org-860 781 60 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 781 61 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 781 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 781 63 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 782 2 metansue metansue VB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 3 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 782 4 R r NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 5 package package NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 782 7 graphical graphical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 8 interface interface NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 9 Best Best NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 10 Evidence Evidence NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 11 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 12 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 13 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 14 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 15 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 16 Outline Outline NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 17 Index Index NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 18 Descriptive Descriptive NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 19 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 20 Continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 21 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 22 Center Center NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 23 Mean Mean NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 24 arithmetic arithmetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 25 geometric geometric JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 26 harmonic harmonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 27 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 28 Mode Mode NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 29 Dispersion Dispersion NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 30 Variance Variance NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 31 Standard Standard NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 32 deviation deviation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 33 Coefficient coefficient NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 35 variation variation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 36 Percentile Percentile NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 37 Range Range NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 38 Interquartile Interquartile NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 39 range range VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 40 Shape Shape NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 41 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 42 limit limit NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 43 theorem theorem NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 44 Moments Moments NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 45 Skewness Skewness NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 46 Kurtosis Kurtosis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 47 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 48 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 49 moments moment NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 50 Count Count NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 51 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 52 Index Index NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 54 dispersion dispersion NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 55 Summary Summary NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 56 tables table NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 57 Grouped group VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 58 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 59 Frequency Frequency NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 60 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 61 Contingency Contingency NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 62 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 63 Dependence Dependence NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 64 Pearson Pearson NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 65 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 66 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 67 moment moment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 68 correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 69 Rank Rank NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 70 correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 71 Spearman Spearman NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 72 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 73 ρ ρ NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 74 Kendall Kendall NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 75 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 76 τ τ NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 77 Partial partial JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 78 correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 79 Scatter scatter NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 80 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 81 Graphics graphic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 82 Bar Bar NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 83 chart chart NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 84 Biplot Biplot NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 85 Box Box NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 86 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 87 Control Control NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 88 chart chart NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 89 Correlogram Correlogram NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 90 Fan Fan NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 91 chart chart NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 92 Forest Forest NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 93 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 94 Histogram Histogram NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 95 Pie Pie NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 96 chart chart NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 97 Q q NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 98 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 99 Q q NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 100 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 101 Run run NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 102 chart chart VB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 103 Scatter scatter NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 104 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 105 Stem stem NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 106 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 107 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 782 108 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 109 leaf leaf NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 110 display display NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 111 Radar radar NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 112 chart chart VB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 113 Violin Violin NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 114 plot plot NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 115 Data Data NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 116 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 117 Study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 118 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 119 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 120 Statistic Statistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 121 Effect Effect NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 122 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 123 Statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 124 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 125 Optimal Optimal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 126 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 127 Sample sample NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 128 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 129 determination determination NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 130 Replication Replication NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 131 Missing Missing NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 132 data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 133 Survey survey NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 134 methodology methodology NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 135 Sampling Sampling NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 136 stratified stratify VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 782 137 cluster cluster NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 138 Standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 139 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 140 Opinion opinion NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 141 poll poll NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 142 Questionnaire Questionnaire NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 143 Controlled control VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 144 experiments experiment NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 145 Scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 146 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 147 Randomized randomized JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 148 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 149 Randomized randomize VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 150 controlled control VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 151 trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 152 Random Random NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 153 assignment assignment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 154 Blocking Blocking NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 155 Interaction Interaction NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 156 Factorial Factorial NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 157 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 158 Adaptive adaptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 159 Designs Designs NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 160 Adaptive adaptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 161 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 162 trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 163 Up up RP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 164 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 165 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 782 166 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 167 Down down NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 168 Designs design NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 169 Stochastic stochastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 170 approximation approximation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 171 Observational Observational NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 172 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 173 Cross Cross NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 174 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 175 sectional sectional JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 176 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 177 Cohort Cohort NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 178 study study VB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 179 Natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 180 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 181 Quasi quasi JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 182 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 183 experiment experiment JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 184 Statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 185 inference inference NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 186 Statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 187 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 188 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 189 Statistic Statistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 190 Probability Probability NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 191 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 192 Sampling sampling NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 193 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 194 Order order NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 195 statistic statistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 196 Empirical empirical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 197 distribution distribution NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 198 Density density NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 199 estimation estimation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 200 Statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 201 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 202 Model Model NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 203 specification specification NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 204 Lp Lp NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 205 space space NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 206 Parameter parameter NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 207 location location NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 208 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 209 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 210 Parametric Parametric NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 211 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 212 Likelihood Likelihood NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 213   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 214 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 215 monotone monotone NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 216 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 217 Location location NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 218 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 219 scale scale NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 220 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 221 Exponential exponential JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 222 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 223 Completeness Completeness NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 224 Sufficiency Sufficiency NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 225 Statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 226 functional functional JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 227 Bootstrap Bootstrap NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 228 U U NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 229 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 230 Optimal Optimal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 231 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 232 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 233 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 234 Efficiency Efficiency NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 235 Statistical statistical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 236 distance distance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 237 divergence divergence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 238 Asymptotics Asymptotics NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 239 Robustness Robustness NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 240 Frequentist frequentist JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 241 inference inference NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 242 Point Point NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 243 estimation estimation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 244 Estimating Estimating NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 245 equations equation NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 246 Maximum maximum JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 247 likelihood likelihood NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 248 Method Method NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 249 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 250 moments moment NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 251 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 252 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 253 estimator estimator NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 254 Minimum Minimum NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 255 distance distance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 256 Unbiased unbiase VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 782 257 estimators estimator NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 258 Mean Mean NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 259 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 260 unbiased unbiase VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 261 minimum minimum JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 262 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 263 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 264 Rao Rao NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 265 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 266 Blackwellization Blackwellization NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 267 Lehmann Lehmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 268 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 269 Scheffé Scheffé NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 270 theorem theorem NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 271 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 272 unbiased unbiase VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 782 273 Plug Plug NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 274 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 275 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 276 Interval Interval NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 277 estimation estimation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 278 Confidence Confidence NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 279 interval interval NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 280 Pivot Pivot NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 281 Likelihood Likelihood NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 282 interval interval NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 283 Prediction Prediction NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 284 interval interval NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 285 Tolerance Tolerance NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 286 interval interval NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 287 Resampling Resampling NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 288 Bootstrap Bootstrap NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 289 Jackknife Jackknife NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 290 Testing Testing NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 291 hypotheses hypothesis NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 292 1- 1- CD en-wikipedia-org-860 782 293 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-860 782 294 2-tails 2-tails CD en-wikipedia-org-860 782 295 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 296 Uniformly uniformly RB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 297 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 298 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 299 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 300 Permutation permutation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 301 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 302 Randomization Randomization NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 303 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 304 Multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 305 comparisons comparison NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 306 Parametric Parametric NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 307 tests test VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 308 Likelihood likelihood NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 309 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 310 ratio ratio NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 311 Score Score NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 312 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 782 313 Lagrange Lagrange NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 314 multiplier multiplier NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 315 Wald Wald NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 316 Specific Specific NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 317 tests test VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 318 Z z NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 319 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 320 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 321 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 322 normal normal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 323 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 324 Student student NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 325 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 326 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 327 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 328 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 329 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 330 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 331 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 332 Goodness Goodness NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 333 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 334 fit fit JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 335 Chi Chi NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 336 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 337 squared squared NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 338 G g NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 339 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 340 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 341 Kolmogorov Kolmogorov NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 342 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 343 Smirnov Smirnov NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 344 Anderson Anderson NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 345 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 346 Darling Darling NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 347 Lilliefors Lilliefors NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 348 Jarque Jarque NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 349 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 350 Bera Bera NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 351 Normality Normality NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 352 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 353 Shapiro Shapiro NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 354 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 355 Wilk Wilk NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 356 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 357 Likelihood likelihood NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 358 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 359 ratio ratio NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 360 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 361 Model Model NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 362 selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 363 Cross Cross NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 364 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 365 AIC AIC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 366 BIC BIC NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 367 Rank Rank NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 368 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 369 Sign Sign NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 370 Sample Sample NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 371 median median NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 372 Signed sign VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 373 rank rank NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 374 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 375 Wilcoxon Wilcoxon NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 376 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 377 Hodges Hodges NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 378 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 379 Lehmann Lehmann NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 380 estimator estimator NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 381 Rank Rank NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 382 sum sum NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 383 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 384 Mann Mann NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 385 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 386 Whitney Whitney NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 387 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 388 Nonparametric nonparametric RB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 389 anova anova VB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 390 1-way 1-way NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 391 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 392 Kruskal Kruskal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 393 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 394 Wallis Wallis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 395 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 396 2-way 2-way CD en-wikipedia-org-860 782 397 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 398 Friedman Friedman NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 399 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 400 Ordered order VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 401 alternative alternative NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 402 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 403 Jonckheere Jonckheere NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 404 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 405 Terpstra Terpstra NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 406 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 407 Bayesian bayesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 408 inference inference NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 409 Bayesian bayesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 410 probability probability NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 411 prior prior RB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 412 posterior posterior RB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 413 Credible credible JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 414 interval interval NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 415 Bayes Bayes NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 416 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 417 Bayesian bayesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 418 estimator estimator NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 419 Maximum maximum JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 420 posterior posterior NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 421 estimator estimator NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 422 Correlation Correlation NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 423 Regression Regression NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 424 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 425 Correlation Correlation NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 426 Pearson Pearson NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 427 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 428 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 429 moment moment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 430 Partial partial JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 431 correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 432 Confounding confound VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 782 433 variable variable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 434 Coefficient coefficient NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 435 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 436 determination determination NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 437 Regression regression NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 438 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 439 Errors error NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 440 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 782 441 residuals residual NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 442 Regression regression NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 443 validation validation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 444 Mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 445 effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 446 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 447 Simultaneous simultaneous JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 448 equations equation NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 449 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 450 Multivariate Multivariate NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 451 adaptive adaptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 452 regression regression NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 453 splines spline NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 454 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 455 MARS MARS NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 456 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 457 Linear linear JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 458 regression regression NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 459 Simple simple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 460 linear linear JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 461 regression regression NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 462 Ordinary ordinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 463 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 464 squares square VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 465 General general JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 466 linear linear JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 467 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 468 Bayesian bayesian JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 469 regression regression NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 470 Non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 471 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 472 standard standard JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 473 predictors predictor NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 474 Nonlinear nonlinear VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 475 regression regression NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 476 Nonparametric Nonparametric NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 477 Semiparametric Semiparametric NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 478 Isotonic Isotonic NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 479 Robust Robust NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 480 Heteroscedasticity Heteroscedasticity NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 481 Homoscedasticity Homoscedasticity NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 482 Generalized Generalized NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 483 linear linear JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 484 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 485 Exponential exponential JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 486 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 487 Logistic Logistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 488 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 489 Bernoulli Bernoulli NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 490 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 491   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 492 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 782 493 Binomial Binomial NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 494   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 495 / / , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 496 Poisson Poisson NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 497 regressions regression VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 498 Partition partition NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 499 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 500 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 501 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 502 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 503 variance variance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 504 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 505 ANOVA ANOVA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 506 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 507 anova anova NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 508 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 509 Analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 510 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 511 covariance covariance NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 512 Multivariate Multivariate NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 513 ANOVA ANOVA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 514 Degrees Degrees NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 515 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 516 freedom freedom NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 517 Categorical categorical NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 518   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 519 / / , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 520 Multivariate Multivariate NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 521   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 522 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 782 523 Time Time NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 524 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 525 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 526   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 527 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 782 528 Survival Survival NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 529 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 530 Categorical Categorical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 531 Cohen Cohen NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 532 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 533 kappa kappa JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 534 Contingency Contingency NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 535 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 536 Graphical Graphical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 537 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 538 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 539 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 540 linear linear NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 541 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 542 McNemar McNemar NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 543 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 544 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 545 Multivariate Multivariate NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 546 Regression Regression NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 547 Manova Manova NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 548 Principal principal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 549 components component VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 550 Canonical canonical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 551 correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 552 Discriminant discriminant JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 553 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 554 Cluster cluster NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 555 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 556 Classification Classification NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 557 Structural Structural NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 558 equation equation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 559 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 560 Factor Factor NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 561 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 562 Multivariate Multivariate NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 563 distributions distribution NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 564 Elliptical elliptical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 565 distributions distribution NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 566 Normal Normal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 567 Time Time NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 568 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 569 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 570 General General NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 571 Decomposition Decomposition NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 572 Trend Trend NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 573 Stationarity Stationarity NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 574 Seasonal seasonal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 575 adjustment adjustment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 576 Exponential Exponential NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 577 smoothing smooth VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 782 578 Cointegration Cointegration NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 579 Structural Structural NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 580 break break NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 581 Granger grang JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 782 582 causality causality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 583 Specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 584 tests test NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 585 Dickey Dickey NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 586 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 587 Fuller Fuller NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 588 Johansen Johansen NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 589 Q Q NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 590 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 591 statistic statistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 592 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 593 Ljung Ljung NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 594 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 595 Box Box NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 596 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 597 Durbin Durbin NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 598 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 599 Watson Watson NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 600 Breusch Breusch NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 601 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 602 Godfrey Godfrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 603 Time Time NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 604 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 605 Autocorrelation Autocorrelation NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 606 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 607 ACF ACF NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 608 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 609 partial partial NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 610 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 611 PACF PACF NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 612 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 613 Cross cross NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 614 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 615 correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 616 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 617 XCF XCF NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 618 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 619 ARMA ARMA NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 620 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 621 ARIMA arima JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 622 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 623 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 624 Box Box NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 625 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 626 Jenkins Jenkins NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 627 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 628 Autoregressive autoregressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 629 conditional conditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 630 heteroskedasticity heteroskedasticity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 631 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 632 ARCH ARCH NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 633 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 634 Vector vector NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 635 autoregression autoregression NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 636 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 637 VAR VAR NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 638 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 639 Frequency Frequency NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 640 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 641 Spectral spectral JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 642 density density NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 643 estimation estimation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 644 Fourier fouri JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 782 645 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 646 Wavelet Wavelet NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 647 Whittle Whittle NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 648 likelihood likelihood NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 649 Survival Survival NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 650 Survival Survival NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 651 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 652 Kaplan Kaplan NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 653 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 654 Meier Meier NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 655 estimator estimator NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 656 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 657 product product NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 658 limit limit NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 659 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 660 Proportional proportional JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 661 hazards hazard NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 662 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 663 Accelerated accelerate VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 664 failure failure NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 665 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 666 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 667 AFT AFT NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 668 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 669 model model NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 670 First first RB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 671 hitting hit VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 782 672 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 673 Hazard Hazard NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 674 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 675 Nelson Nelson NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 676 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 677 Aalen aalen JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 678 estimator estimator NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 679 Test Test NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 680 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 681 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 682 rank rank NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 683 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 684 Applications Applications NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 685 Biostatistics Biostatistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 686 Bioinformatics Bioinformatics NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 687 Clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 688 trials trial NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 689   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 690 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 782 691 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 692 Epidemiology Epidemiology NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 693 Medical Medical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 694 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 695 Engineering engineering NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 696 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 697 Chemometrics Chemometrics NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 698 Methods Methods NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 699 engineering engineering VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 700 Probabilistic probabilistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 701 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 702 Process process NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 703   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 704 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 782 705 quality quality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 706 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 707 Reliability Reliability NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 708 System System NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 709 identification identification NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 710 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 711 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 712 Actuarial Actuarial NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 713 science science NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 714 Census Census NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 715 Crime Crime NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 716 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 717 Demography Demography NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 718 Econometrics Econometrics NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 719 Jurimetrics Jurimetrics NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 720 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 721 accounts account VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 722 Official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 723 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 724 Population population NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 725 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 726 Psychometrics Psychometrics NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 727 Spatial spatial JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 728 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 729 Cartography cartography NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 730 Environmental environmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 731 statistics statistic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 732 Geographic geographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 733 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 734 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 735 Geostatistics Geostatistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 736 Kriging Kriging NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 737 Category Category NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 738   _SP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 739 Mathematics Mathematics NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 740 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 741 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 742 WikiProject WikiProject NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 743 v v NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 744 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 745 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 746 Clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 747 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 748 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 782 749 experimental experimental JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 750 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 751 Overview Overview NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 752 Clinical Clinical NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 753 trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 754 Trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 755 protocols protocol NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 756 Adaptive adaptive JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 757 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 758 trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 759 Academic academic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 760 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 761 trials trial NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 762 Clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 763 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 764 design design NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 765 Controlled control VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 766 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 767 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 768 EBM EBM NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 769 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 770 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 771 II-1 II-1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 772 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 773 Randomized randomize VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 774 controlled controlled JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 775 trial trial JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 776 Scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 777 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 778 Blind blind JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 779 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 780 Open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 781 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 782 label label NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 783 trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 784 Observational observational JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 785 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 786 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 787 EBM EBM NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 788 II-2 ii-2 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 789 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 790 II-3 II-3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 791 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 792 Cross cross JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 793 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 794 sectional sectional JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 795 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 796 vs. vs. IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 797 Longitudinal longitudinal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 798 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 799 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 800 Ecological ecological JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 801 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 802 Cohort Cohort NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 803 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 804 Retrospective Retrospective NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 805 Prospective Prospective NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 806 Case Case NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 807 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 808 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 809 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 810 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 811 Nested Nested NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 812 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 813 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 814 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 815 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 816 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-860 782 817 Case Case NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 818 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 819 Case Case NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 820 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 821 Case case NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 822 report report VB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 823 Measures Measures NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 824 Occurrence Occurrence NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 825 Incidence Incidence NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 826 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 827 Cumulative cumulative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 828 incidence incidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 829 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 830 Prevalence Prevalence NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 831 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 832 Point Point NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 833 prevalence prevalence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 834 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 835 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 836 prevalence prevalence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 837 Association Association NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 838 Risk Risk NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 839 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 840 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 841 Number Number NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 842 needed need VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 782 843 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 782 844 treat treat VB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 845 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 846 Number Number NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 847 needed need VBD en-wikipedia-org-860 782 848 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 782 849 harm harm VB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 850 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 851 Risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 852 ratio ratio NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 853 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 854 Relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 855 risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 856 reduction reduction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 857 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 858 Odds odd NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 859 ratio ratio NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 860 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 861 Hazard Hazard NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 862 ratio ratio NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 863 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 864 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 865 Attributable attributable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 866 fraction fraction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 867 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 868 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 782 869 exposed expose VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 870 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 871 Attributable attributable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 872 fraction fraction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 873 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 874 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 782 875 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 876 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 877 Preventable preventable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 878 fraction fraction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 879 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 880 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 782 881 unexposed unexposed JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 882 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 883 Preventable preventable JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 884 fraction fraction NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 885 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 886 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-860 782 887 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 888 Other Other NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 889 Clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 890 endpoint endpoint NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 891 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 892 Virulence virulence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 893 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 894 Infectivity Infectivity NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 895 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 896 Mortality mortality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 897 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 898 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 899 Morbidity Morbidity NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 900 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 901 Case case NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 902 fatality fatality NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 903 rate rate NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 904 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 905 Specificity specificity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 906 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 782 907 sensitivity sensitivity NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 908 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 909 Likelihood Likelihood NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 910 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 911 ratios ratio NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 912 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 782 913 Pre- Pre- NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 914 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-860 782 915 post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 916 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 917 test test JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 918 probability probability NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 919 Trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 920 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 782 921 test test NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 922 types type NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 923 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 924 vitro vitro FW en-wikipedia-org-860 782 925 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 926 vivo vivo NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 927 Animal Animal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 928 testing test VBG en-wikipedia-org-860 782 929 Animal Animal NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 930 testing testing NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 931 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 932 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 933 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 934 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 935 primates primate NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 936 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 937 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 938 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 939 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 940 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 941 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 942 Multicenter Multicenter NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 943 trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 944 Seeding Seeding NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 945 trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 946 Vaccine Vaccine NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 947 trial trial NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 948 Analysis Analysis NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 949 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 950 clinical clinical JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 951 trials trial NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 952 Risk risk NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 953 – – : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 954 benefit benefit NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 955 ratio ratio NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 956 Systematic systematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 957 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 958 Replication Replication NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 959 Meta Meta NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 960 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 961 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 962 Intention intention NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 963 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 964 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 965 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 966 treat treat VB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 967 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 968 Interpretation interpretation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 969 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 970 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 971 Selection selection NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 972 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 973 Survivorship survivorship NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 974 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 975 Correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 976 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 977 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 978 imply imply VB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 979 causation causation NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 980 Null Null NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 981 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 982 Category Category NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 983 Glossary Glossary NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 984 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 985 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 986 topics topic NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 987 Authority Authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 988 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 989 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 990 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 991 4169552 4169552 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 782 992 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 782 993 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 782 994 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 995 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 996 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-860 782 997 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meta-analysis&oldid=993209121 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meta-analysis&oldid=993209121 NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 998 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-860 782 999 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1000 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1001 Meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1002 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1003 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1004 Evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1005 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1006 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1007 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1008 Systematic systematic JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1009 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1010 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1011 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1012 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1013 CS1 cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1014 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1015 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1016 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1017 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1018 : : : en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1019 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1020 list list VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1021 Webarchive Webarchive NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1022 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1023 wayback wayback NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1024 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1025 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1026 dmy dmy NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1027 dates date VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1028 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1029 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1030 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1031 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1032 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1033 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1034 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1035 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1036 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1037 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1038 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1039 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1040 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1041 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1042 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1043 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1044 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1045 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1046 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1047 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1048 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1049 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1050 Wikipedia wikipedia NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1051 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1052 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1053 GND GND NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1054 identifiers identifiers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1055 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1056 menu menu MD en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1057 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1058 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1059 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1060 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1061 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1062 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1063 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1064 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1065 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1066 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1067 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1068 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1069 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1070 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1071 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1072 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1073 Read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1074 Edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1075 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1076 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1077 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1078 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1079 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1080 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1081 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1082 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1083 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1084 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1085 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1086 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1087 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1088 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1089 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1090 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1091 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1092 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1093 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1094 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1095 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1096 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1097 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1098 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1099 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1100 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1101 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1102 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1103 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1104 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1105 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1106 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1107 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1108 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1109 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1110 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1111 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1112 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1113 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1114 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1115 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1116 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1117 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1118 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1119 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1120 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1121 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1122 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1123 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1124 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1125 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1126 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1127 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 782 1128 Printable Printable NNP 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Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 785 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-860 785 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-860 785 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 785 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 785 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-860 785 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-860 785 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-860 786 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-860 786 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-860 786 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-860 786 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 786 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-860 786 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 786 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 786 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 786 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-860 786 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 786 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 786 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-860 786 13 statement statement NN