id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 3 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 4 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 6 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 7 In In NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 9 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 10 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 11 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 12 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 15 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 16 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 17 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 19 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 20 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 22 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 23 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 24 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 25 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 26 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 27 favoring favor VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 29 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 30 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 31 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 32 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 33 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 34 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 36 cognition cognition NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 39 strategic strategic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 40 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 1 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 2 1 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 2 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 2 3 phenomena phenomenon NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 2 4 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 2 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 2 6 psychological psychological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 2 7 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 2 8 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 2 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 2 10 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 2 11 Ingroups ingroup NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 2 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 2 13 outgroups outgroup NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 2 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 3 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 4 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 6 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 7 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 11 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 12 – – : en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 13 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 15 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 16 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 20 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 21 bias bias NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 23 intergroup intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 24 bias bias NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 29 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 30 preference preference NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 32 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 34 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 36 favoring favor VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 37 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 39 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 40 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 41 in in NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 42 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 43 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 44 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 45 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 46 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 47 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 48 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 3 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 2 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 4 expressed express VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 6 evaluation evaluation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 8 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 11 allocation allocation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 13 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 17 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 18 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 19 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 4 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 2 1][2 1][2 LS en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 5 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 6 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 8 researched research VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 10 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 11 psychologists psychologist NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 13 linked link VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 15 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 16 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 17 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 19 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 20 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 22 prejudice prejudice NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 5 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 6 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 6 2 phenomenon phenomenon NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 6 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 6 4 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 6 5 viewed view VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 6 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 6 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 6 8 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 6 9 psychology psychology NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 6 10 standpoint standpoint NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 6 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 7 1 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 7 2 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 7 3 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 7 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 7 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 7 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 7 7 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 7 8 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 7 9 arises arise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 7 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 7 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 7 12 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 7 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 7 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 7 15 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 7 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 7 17 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 7 18 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 7 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 2 3][4 3][4 NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 5 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 6 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 7 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 9 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 10 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 12 seemingly seemingly RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 13 trivial trivial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 14 observable observable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 15 traits trait NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 19 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 21 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 22 grow grow VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 24 associate associate VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 25 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 26 traits trait NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 28 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 29 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 31 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 32 covariation covariation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 8 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 9 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 9 2 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 9 3 incentivizes incentivize VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 9 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 9 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 9 6 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 9 7 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 9 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 1 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 2 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 3 theoretical theoretical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 4 approaches approach NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 7 phenomenon phenomenon NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 11 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 12 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 14 realistic realistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 15 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 16 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 18 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 19 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 20 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 10 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 1 Realistic realistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 2 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 3 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 4 proposes propose VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 6 intergroup intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 7 competition competition NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 10 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 11 intergroup intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 12 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 14 arises arise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 15 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 16 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 17 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 18 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 19 opposing oppose VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 20 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 22 scarce scarce JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 23 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 11 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 2 contrast contrast NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 4 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 5 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 6 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 7 posits posit VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 9 psychological psychological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 10 drive drive NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 12 positively positively RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 13 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 14 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 15 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 18 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 19 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 20 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 24 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 25 favoring favor VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 26 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 12 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 3 Origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 6 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 7 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 8 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 9 Explanations Explanations NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 10 2.1 2.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 11 Competition Competition NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 12 2.2 2.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 13 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 15 esteem esteem VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 16 2.3 2.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 17 Biological biological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 18 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 20 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 21 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 23 oxytocin oxytocin JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 24 2.4 2.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 25 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 27 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 29 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 30 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 31 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 32 Evolution Evolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 36 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 37 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 38 Formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 40 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 41 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 42 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 43 Gender Gender NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 44 differences difference VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 45 4.1 4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 46 Automatic automatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 47 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 48 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 49 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 50 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 51 4.2 4.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 52 Competition Competition NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 53 4.3 4.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 54 Ethnicity Ethnicity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 55 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 56 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 57 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 58 4.4 4.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 59 Developmental Developmental NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 60 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 61 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 62 Real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 63 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 64 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 65 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 66 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 67 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 68 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 69 Presidential presidential JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 70 elections election NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 71 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 72 Wikipedia wikipedia NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 73 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 74 Versus Versus NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 75 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 76 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 77 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 78 negativity negativity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 79 6.1 6.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 80 Biological biological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 81 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 82 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 83 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 84 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 85 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 86 derogation derogation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 87 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 88 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 89 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 90 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 91 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 92 Origins Origins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 93 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 94 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 95 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 96 tradition[edit tradition[edit , en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 97 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 98 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 99 1906 1906 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 100 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 101 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 102 sociologist sociologist NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 103 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 104 Sumner Sumner NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 105 posited posit VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 106 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 107 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 108 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 109 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 110 species species NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 111 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 112 join join VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 113 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 114 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 115 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 116 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 117 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 118 very very JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 119 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 13 120 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 3 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 4 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 5 maintained maintain VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 7 humans human NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 10 innate innate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 11 tendency tendency NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 13 favor favor VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 15 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 16 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 17 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 18 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 20 proclaiming proclaim VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 21 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 23 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 24 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 25 nourishes nourish VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 26 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 27 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 28 pride pride NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 30 vanity vanity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 32 boasts boast VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 33 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 34 superior superior JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 36 exists exist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 38 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 39 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 40 divinities divinity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 43 looks look VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 44 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 45 contempt contempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 46 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 47 outsiders outsider NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 48 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 14 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 15 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 15 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 15 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 15 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 15 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 15 6 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 15 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 15 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 15 9 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 15 10 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 15 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 15 12 ingroup ingroup NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 15 13 – – : en-wikipedia-org-9886 15 14 outgroup outgroup NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 15 15 bias bias NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 15 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 2 experienced experience VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 4 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 5 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 8 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 10 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 11 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 14 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 17 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 18 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 21 ethnocentrism ethnocentrism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 16 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 1 Explanations[edit Explanations[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 3 Competition[edit competition[edit VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 5 Realistic realistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 6 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 7 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 10 realistic realistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 11 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 12 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 14 posits posit NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 16 competition competition NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 17 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 18 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 19 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 20 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 23 cause cause NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 27 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 28 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 31 corresponding correspond VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 32 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 33 treatment treatment NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 35 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 38 out out NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 40 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 17 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 18 1 Muzafer Muzafer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 18 2 Sherif Sherif NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 18 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 18 4 Robbers Robbers NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 18 5 Cave Cave NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 18 6 Experiment Experiment NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 18 7 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 18 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 18 9 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-9886 18 10 widely widely RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 18 11 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 18 12 demonstration demonstration NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 18 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 18 14 realistic realistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 18 15 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 18 16 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 18 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 3 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 5 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 6 eleven eleven CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 8 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 10 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 11 boys boy NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 13 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 14 backgrounds background NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 16 studied study VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 19 mock mock JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 20 summer summer NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 21 camp camp NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 22 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 25 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 26 posing pose VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 28 camp camp NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 29 personnel personnel NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 19 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 2 boys boy NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 4 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 5 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 6 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 7 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 8 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 10 encouraged encourage VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 12 bond bond NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 16 aim aim NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 18 fostering foster VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 22 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 23 mentality mentality NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 20 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 2 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 3 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 4 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 6 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 8 competitive competitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 9 activities activity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 11 pitted pit VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 12 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 13 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 14 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 15 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 18 valuable valuable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 19 prize prize NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 21 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 22 1 Hostility hostility NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 22 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 22 3 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 22 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 22 5 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 22 6 negativity negativity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 22 7 ensued ensue VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 22 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 4 Lastly lastly RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 6 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 7 attempted attempt VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 9 reverse reverse VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 11 hostility hostility NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 13 engaging engage VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 15 boys boy NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 17 situations situation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 19 mutual mutual JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 20 interdependence interdependence NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 23 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 25 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 26 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 28 relative relative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 29 harmony harmony NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 30 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 32 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 33 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 23 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 1 Sherif Sherif NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 2 concluded conclude VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 5 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 7 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 8 attitudes attitude NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 9 toward toward IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 10 out out JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 12 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 13 arise arise VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 14 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 15 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 16 compete compete VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 18 limited limited JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 19 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 24 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 2 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 6 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 8 theorized theorize VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 10 inter inter JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 11 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 12 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 13 frictions friction NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 14 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 15 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 16 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 18 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 19 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 20 created,[6 created,[6 VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 22 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 23 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 26 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 28 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 29 over over RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 31 arching arch VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 32 goal goal NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 34 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 35 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 36 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 37 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 38 achieved achieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 39 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 41 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 42 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 43 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 44 cooperation cooperation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 25 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 2 6][1 6][1 NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 4 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 6 esteem[edit esteem[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 8 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 10 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 11 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 12 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 14 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 17 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 18 determinants determinant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 20 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 21 biases bias NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 24 need need NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 26 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 27 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 29 esteem esteem NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 26 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 2 desire desire NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 4 view view VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 5 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 7 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 8 positively positively RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 10 transferred transfer VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 11 onto onto IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 13 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 15 creating create VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 17 tendency tendency NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 19 view view VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 20 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 21 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 22 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 23 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 26 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 27 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 30 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 31 comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 33 outside outside JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 34 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 37 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 38 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 27 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 4 That that RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 5 is is RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 7 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 8 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 9 find find VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 11 reason reason NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 13 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 14 matter matter RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 15 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 16 insignificant insignificant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 19 prove prove VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 21 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 22 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 24 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 25 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 26 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 27 superior superior JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 28 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 2 phenomenon phenomenon NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 4 pioneered pioneer VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 6 studied study VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 7 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 8 extensively extensively RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 10 Henri Henri NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 11 Tajfel Tajfel NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 14 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 15 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 16 psychologist psychologist NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 17 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 18 looked look VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 21 psychological psychological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 22 root root NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 26 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 27 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 28 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 30 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 31 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 29 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 1 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 2 study study VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 6 lab lab NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 8 Tajfel Tajfel NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 10 colleagues colleague NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 11 created create VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 12 minimal minimal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 13 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 15 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 16 minimal minimal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 17 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 18 paradigm paradigm NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 22 occur occur VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 23 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 25 complete complete JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 26 strangers stranger NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 27 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 28 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 29 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 30 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 31 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 33 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 34 trivial trivial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 35 criteria criterion NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 36 imaginable imaginable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 37 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 30 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 2 Tajfel Tajfel NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 4 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 6 participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 8 split split VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 9 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 10 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 12 flipping flip VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 14 coin coin NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 17 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 18 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 19 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 21 told tell VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 23 appreciate appreciate VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 25 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 26 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 28 painting paint VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 29 none none NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 32 participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 33 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 34 familiar familiar JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 35 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 36 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 38 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 39 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 31 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 1 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 2 Tajfel Tajfel NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 4 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 5 colleagues colleague NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 6 discovered discover VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 8 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 9 — — : en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 10 regardless regardless RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 13 facts fact NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 14 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 15 a a LS en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 17 participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 18 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 19 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 20 know know VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 21 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 22 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 24 b b LS en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 26 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 27 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 28 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 29 completely completely RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 30 meaningless meaningless JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 33 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 35 none none NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 38 participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 39 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 40 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 41 inclination inclination NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 42 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 43 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 44 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 45 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 46 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 48 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 49 like like VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 50 better well RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 51 — — : en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 52 participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 53 almost almost RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 54 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 55 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 56 liked like VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 58 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 60 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 61 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 62 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 63 better well RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 65 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 66 rated rate VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 67 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 68 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 69 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 70 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 71 in in NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 72 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 73 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 74 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 75 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 76 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 77 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 78 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 79 pleasant pleasant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 80 personalities personality NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 81 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 32 82 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 2 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 4 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 5 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 6 impression impression NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 8 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 11 in in NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 13 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 15 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 17 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 19 boost boost VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 21 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 22 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 24 esteem esteem NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 26 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 28 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 29 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 33 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 2 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 4 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 5 Cialdini Cialdini NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 7 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 8 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 9 team team NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 10 looked look VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 13 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 15 university university NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 16 T t NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 18 shirts shirt NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 19 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 20 worn wear VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 22 college college NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 23 campuses campus NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 24 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 25 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 27 win win NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 29 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 30 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 32 football football NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 33 game game NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 34 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 2 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 5 Monday Monday NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 6 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 8 win win NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 10 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 12 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 13 T t NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 15 shirts shirt NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 16 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 17 worn wear VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 20 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 22 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 23 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 25 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 35 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 2 1][8 1][8 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 5 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 6 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 8 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 10 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 13 1980s 1980 NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 15 Jennifer Jennifer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 16 Crocker Crocker NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 18 colleagues colleague NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 19 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 21 minimal minimal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 22 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 23 paradigm paradigm NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 25 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 26 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 27 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 28 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 30 esteem esteem NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 31 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 32 suffered suffer VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 34 threat threat NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 37 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 39 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 40 exhibited exhibit VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 41 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 42 ingroup ingroup NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 43 biases bias NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 44 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 45 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 46 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 47 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 48 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 49 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 50 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 51 esteem esteem NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 52 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 53 suffered suffer VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 54 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 55 threat threat NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 56 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 58 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 59 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 60 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 36 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 4 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 5 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 6 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 7 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 8 supported support VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 9 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 10 notion notion NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 13 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 14 correlation correlation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 15 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 16 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 18 esteem esteem NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 22 group group NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 23 bias,[10 bias,[10 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 25 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 26 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 27 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 28 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 29 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 30 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 31 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 32 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 33 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 35 esteem esteem NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 36 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 37 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 38 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 39 toward toward IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 40 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 42 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 43 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 45 out out JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 46 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 47 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 48 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 37 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 2 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 5 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 6 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 7 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 8 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 10 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 12 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 14 esteem esteem NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 15 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 16 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 17 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 18 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 19 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 20 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 21 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 22 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 24 esteem esteem NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 25 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 38 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 5 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 6 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 7 suggest suggest VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 9 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 12 alternative alternative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 13 explanation explanation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 15 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 16 reasoning reasoning NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 20 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 21 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 22 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 24 esteem esteem NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 28 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 29 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 30 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 32 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 33 biases bias NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 39 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 1 Alternatively alternatively RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 5 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 7 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 8 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 9 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 11 wrong wrong JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 12 sort sort NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 14 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 16 esteem esteem NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 17 measures measure NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 19 test test VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 21 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 22 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 23 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 25 esteem esteem NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 29 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 30 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 32 global global JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 33 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 34 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 36 esteem esteem NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 37 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 38 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 39 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 40 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 41 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 42 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 43 esteem esteem NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 40 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 4 Biological biological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 5 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 8 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 10 oxytocin[edit oxytocin[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 12 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 13 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 15 Oxytocin oxytocin JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 16 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 18 meta meta JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 20 analysis analysis NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 22 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 25 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 27 oxytocin oxytocin NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 28 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 29 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 30 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 31 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 32 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 33 Carsten Carsten NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 34 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 35 Dreu Dreu NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 38 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 39 reviewed review VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 40 shows show NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 41 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 42 oxytocin oxytocin NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 43 enables enable VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 45 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 47 trust trust NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 49 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 50 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 51 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 52 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 53 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 54 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 55 — — : en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 56 categorized categorize VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 57 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 58 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 59 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 60 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 61 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 62 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 63 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 64 — — : en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 65 promoting promote VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 66 cooperation cooperation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 67 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 68 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 69 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 70 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 71 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 72 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 41 73 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 5 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 7 oxytocin oxytocin NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 9 induced induce VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 10 goodwill goodwill NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 11 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 12 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 14 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 16 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 17 perceived perceive VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 19 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 20 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 21 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 22 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 23 evolved evolve VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 26 biological biological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 27 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 29 sustaining sustain VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 32 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 33 cooperation cooperation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 35 protection protection NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 37 fitting fit VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 38 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 40 Darwinian darwinian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 41 insight insight NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 42 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 43 acts act VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 45 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 46 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 47 sacrifice sacrifice NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 48 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 49 cooperation cooperation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 50 contribute contribute VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 51 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 53 functioning functioning NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 54 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 56 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 57 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 58 hence hence RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 59 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 61 odds odd NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 62 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 63 survival survival NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 64 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 65 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 66 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 67 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 68 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 42 69 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 4 Race race NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 5 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 7 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 10 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 14 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 16 out out JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 18 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 19 tendencies tendency NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 20 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 21 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 22 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 23 categorizes categorize VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 24 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 25 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 26 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 27 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 28 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 29 race race NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 31 Caucasian caucasian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 33 African African NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 34 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 36 Latino Latino NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 38 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 43 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 2 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 3 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 4 examined examine VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 5 race race NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 7 empathy empathy NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 8 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 10 participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 11 receiving receive VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 12 nasally nasally RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 13 administered administer VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 14 oxytocin oxytocin NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 15 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 16 stronger strong JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 17 reactions reaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 19 pictures picture NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 23 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 24 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 25 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 26 pained pained JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 27 faces face NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 28 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 30 pictures picture NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 32 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 34 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 35 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 36 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 38 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 39 expression expression NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 44 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 2 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 5 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 7 oxytocin oxytocin NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 8 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 10 implicated implicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 12 our -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 13 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 15 empathize empathize VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 17 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 19 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 20 races race NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 23 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 25 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 26 race race NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 27 potentially potentially RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 28 biased bias VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 29 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 30 helping help VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 31 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 34 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 35 race race NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 36 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 37 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 39 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 40 race race NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 41 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 42 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 43 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 44 experiencing experience VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 45 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 45 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 46 1 Oxytocin Oxytocin NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 46 2 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 46 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 46 4 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 46 5 implicated implicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 46 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 46 7 lying lie VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 46 8 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 46 9 lying lie VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 46 10 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 46 11 prove prove VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 46 12 beneficial beneficial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 46 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 46 14 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 46 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 46 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 46 17 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 46 18 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 46 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 3 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 4 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 5 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 7 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 9 examined examine VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 13 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 15 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 16 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 18 administered administer VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 19 oxytocin oxytocin NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 21 rates rate NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 23 dishonesty dishonesty NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 26 participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 27 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 28 responses response NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 29 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 31 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 32 in in NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 34 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 35 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 36 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 38 beneficial beneficial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 39 outcome outcome NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 41 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 42 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 43 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 44 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 47 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 4 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 7 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 8 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 10 tendency tendency NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 12 act act VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 14 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 16 benefit benefit VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 19 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 20 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 48 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 1 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 3 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 5 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 6 identity[edit identity[edit , en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 8 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 9 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 11 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 12 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 13 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 14 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 15 noted note VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 17 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 18 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 19 theoretical theoretical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 20 reviews,[16 reviews,[16 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 23 theoretical theoretical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 24 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 25 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 27 inclusion inclusion NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 29 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 31 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 34 theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 36 reasoned reason VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 37 action action NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 39 planned plan VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 40 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 41 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 42 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 43 similarities similarity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 44 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 45 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 46 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 47 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 48 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 49 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 50 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 52 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 53 extension extension NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 55 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 56 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 57 categorization categorization NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 58 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 49 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 2 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 6 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 7 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 8 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 11 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 12 component component NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 15 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 17 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 19 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 21 memberships membership NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 23 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 24 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 26 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 50 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 2 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 3 define define VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 5 evaluate evaluate VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 6 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 8 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 11 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 13 inclusive inclusive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 14 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 15 category category NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 17 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 19 sex sex NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 21 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 23 team team NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 25 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 26 processes process NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 27 come come VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 28 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 29 play play NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 30 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 32 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 34 categorization categorization NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 36 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 37 perceptually perceptually RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 38 accentuates accentuate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 39 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 40 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 42 in in NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 43 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 44 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 46 out out NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 47 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 48 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 51 similarities similarity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 52 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 53 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 54 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 55 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 56 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 57 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 58 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 60 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 62 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 63 stereotypical stereotypical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 64 dimensions dimension NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 65 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 66 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 67 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 68 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 69 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 70 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 71 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 72 enhancement enhancement NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 73 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 74 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 75 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 76 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 77 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 78 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 79 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 80 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 81 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 82 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 83 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 84 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 85 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 86 membership membership NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 87 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 88 seeks seek VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 89 behaviorally behaviorally RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 90 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 91 perceptually perceptually RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 92 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 93 favor favor VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 94 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 95 in in NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 96 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 97 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 98 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 99 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 100 out out NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 101 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 102 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 51 103 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 1 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 2 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 3 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 4 cognitively cognitively RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 5 represented represent VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 7 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 8 prototypes prototype NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 9 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 10 describe describe VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 12 prescribe prescribe JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 13 beliefs belief NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 15 attitudes attitude NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 17 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 19 behaviors behavior NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 20 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 21 optimize optimize VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 23 balance balance NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 24 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 25 minimization minimization NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 29 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 30 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 32 maximization maximization NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 34 intergroup intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 35 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 52 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 1 More more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 2 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 4 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 6 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 7 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 8 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 10 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 11 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 13 continuum continuum NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 14 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 15 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 17 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 18 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 19 shifts shift NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 20 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 21 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 22 continuum continuum NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 23 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 24 determine determine VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 26 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 29 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 31 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 33 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 34 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 35 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 37 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 38 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 39 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 41 actions action NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 53 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 2 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 4 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 6 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 7 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 8 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 11 salient salient NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 12 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 14 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 16 conception conception NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 18 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 20 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 22 assimilated assimilate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 25 perceived perceive VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 28 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 29 prototype prototype NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 30 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 31 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 32 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 33 thought think VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 35 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 37 set set NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 39 perceived perceive VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 41 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 42 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 43 norms norm NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 44 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 45 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 46 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 47 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 48 perception perception NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 50 beliefs belief NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 52 attitudes attitude NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 54 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 56 behaviors behavior NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 57 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 58 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 59 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 60 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 61 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 63 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 64 prototype prototype NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 54 65 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 55 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 55 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 55 3 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 55 4 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 55 5 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 55 6 influence influence VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 55 7 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 55 8 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 55 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 55 10 mediating mediate VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 55 11 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 55 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 55 13 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 55 14 norms norm NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 55 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 1 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 2 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 3 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 4 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 5 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 7 engage engage VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 10 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 11 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 12 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 16 accord accord NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 19 norms norm NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 22 behaviorally behaviorally RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 23 relevant relevant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 24 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 25 membership membership NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 27 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 28 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 30 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 31 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 33 salient salient NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 34 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 35 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 36 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 38 definition definition NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 56 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 1 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 3 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 4 membership membership NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 6 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 7 salient salient NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 9 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 10 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 12 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 14 feelings feeling NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 15 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 16 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 18 accord accord NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 21 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 22 personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 24 idiosyncratic idiosyncratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 25 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 26 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 27 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 28 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 29 norms norm NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 57 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 4 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 7 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 9 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 10 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 11 poses pose VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 14 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 16 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 18 reflection reflection NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 20 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 21 norms norm NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 23 practices practice NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 26 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 27 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 28 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 29 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 58 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 3 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 8 proposition proposition NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 11 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 13 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 14 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 16 multi multi JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 17 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 18 faceted faceted JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 20 differentiated differentiated JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 21 components component NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 22 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 23 exist exist VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 25 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 26 organized organized JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 27 manner manner NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 30 sake sake NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 32 filling fill VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 33 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 34 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 36 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 59 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 4 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 6 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 8 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 10 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 12 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 13 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 14 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 15 talking talk VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 17 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 20 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 21 what what WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 22 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 23 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 24 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 25 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 26 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 27 differ differ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 28 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 29 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 30 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 32 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 60 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 2 differing differ VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 3 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 5 positions position NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 6 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 7 fill fill VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 10 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 13 interactions interaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 15 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 17 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 18 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 19 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 20 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 61 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 1 Role role NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 2 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 5 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 7 realized realize VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 9 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 10 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 11 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 12 facts fact NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 13 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 14 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 16 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 19 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 20 worker worker NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 22 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 24 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 25 donor donor NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 62 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 63 1 Role role NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 63 2 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 63 3 lead lead VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 63 4 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 63 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 63 6 act act VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 63 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 63 8 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 63 9 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 63 10 due due JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 63 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 63 12 assumed assumed JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 63 13 expectations expectation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 63 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 63 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 63 16 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 63 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 2 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 4 satisfaction satisfaction NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 6 complying comply VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 8 expectations expectation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 11 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 13 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 15 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 16 distress distress NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 17 behind behind IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 19 inability inability NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 21 appear appear VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 22 congruent congruent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 24 one one NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 25 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 26 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 28 defined define VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 29 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 30 societal societal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 31 norms norm NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 64 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 5 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 6 hierarchy hierarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 8 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 10 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 12 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 13 take take VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 14 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 17 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 20 hierarchical hierarchical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 21 standing standing NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 23 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 25 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 26 become become VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 27 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 28 representative representative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 30 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 31 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 32 stand stand VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 33 higher higher RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 34 hierarchically hierarchically RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 36 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 38 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 65 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 1 Identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 2 salience salience NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 5 likelihood likelihood NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 7 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 8 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 9 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 10 invoked invoke VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 12 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 13 situations situation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 17 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 19 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 20 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 21 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 22 placed place VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 23 hierarchically hierarchically RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 25 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 26 orders order NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 28 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 30 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 66 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 67 1 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 67 2 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9886 67 3 hold hold VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 67 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 67 5 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 67 6 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 67 7 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 67 8 act act VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 67 9 differently differently RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 67 10 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 67 11 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 67 12 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 67 13 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 67 14 valued value VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 67 15 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 67 16 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 67 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 8 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 9 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 10 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 11 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 12 less less JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 13 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 15 spend spend VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 17 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 18 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 20 opposed oppose VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 23 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 24 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 25 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 26 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 27 work work VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 68 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 1 Behaviors behavior NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 3 reflective reflective JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 6 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 9 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 10 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 11 hierarchically hierarchically RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 13 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 15 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 16 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 17 act act VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 18 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 20 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 22 worth worth NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 24 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 26 meaning meaning NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 27 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 29 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 30 hierarchies hierarchy NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 69 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 2 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 4 Someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 5 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 6 holds hold VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 8 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 10 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 12 psychologist psychologist NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 13 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 14 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 16 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 18 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 20 linguist linguist NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 21 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 22 find find VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 23 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 24 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 25 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 26 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 27 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 28 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 29 become become VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 30 competitive competitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 31 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 32 meeting meet VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 33 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 34 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 35 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 36 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 37 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 38 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 39 psychology psychology NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 40 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 41 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 42 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 43 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 45 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 46 / / CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 47 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 48 wo will MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 49 n't not RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 50 care care VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 51 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 52 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 53 contact contact NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 54 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 55 someone someone NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 56 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 57 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 58 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 59 better well JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 60 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 61 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 62 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 63 linguist linguist NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 64 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 65 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 66 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 67 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 70 68 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 71 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 71 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 71 3 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 71 4 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 71 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 71 6 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 71 7 relationships relationship NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 71 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 71 9 influenced influence VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 71 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 71 11 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 71 12 salience salience NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 71 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 1 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 3 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 4 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 5 places place VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 6 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 8 social social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 9 contexts contexts NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 12 commitment commitment NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 15 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 16 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 17 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 18 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 19 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 21 big big JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 22 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 24 perpetrating perpetrate VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 26 idea idea NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 28 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 72 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 2 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 3 finds find VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 4 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 5 relating relate VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 6 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 8 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 9 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 10 hold hold VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 11 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 12 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 13 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 16 top top NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 19 hierarchies hierarchy NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 73 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 2 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 3 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 4 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 6 concepts concept NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 9 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 12 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 13 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 14 define define VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 16 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 17 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 19 context context NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 22 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 24 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 25 staying stay VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 26 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 27 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 28 roles role NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 30 intergroup intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 31 similarities similarity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 32 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 33 accentuated accentuate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 34 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 35 intergroup intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 36 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 37 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 38 diminished diminish VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 74 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 6 attempt attempt NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 8 assimilate assimilate VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 9 oneself oneself PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 10 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 13 tendencies tendency NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 16 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 18 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 19 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 20 reconfigure reconfigure VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 22 intragroup intragroup NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 23 representations representation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 25 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 75 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 76 1 Certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 76 2 prototypes prototype NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 76 3 form form VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 76 4 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 76 5 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 76 6 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 76 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 76 8 reaffirm reaffirm VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 76 9 rules rule VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 76 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 76 11 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 76 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 76 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 76 14 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 76 15 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 76 16 encouraged encourage VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 76 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 76 18 follow follow VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 76 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 1 Shared share VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 2 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 4 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 6 discussed discuss VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 7 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 8 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 9 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 10 novel novel JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 12 unshared unshared JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 13 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 14 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 16 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 18 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 20 norm norm NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 21 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 22 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 23 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 25 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 26 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 27 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 28 perpetuated perpetuate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 30 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 31 silenced silence VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 77 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 5 norm norm NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 7 fluid fluid JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 9 changing change VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 10 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 12 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 13 contexts contexts NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 16 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 17 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 19 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 20 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 21 want want VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 23 keep keep VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 24 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 27 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 28 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 30 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 31 matters matter NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 32 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 34 keep keep VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 35 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 36 active active JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 37 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 39 affirming affirm VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 41 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 44 in in NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 46 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 48 contest contest NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 49 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 50 out out JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 51 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 52 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 78 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 1 Evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 5 groups[edit groups[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 7 Formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 9 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 10 groups[edit groups[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 11 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 12 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 13 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 14 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 18 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 19 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 20 arises arise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 21 endogenously endogenously RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 23 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 25 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 27 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 28 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 79 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 80 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 80 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-9886 80 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 80 4 Symbolic symbolic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 80 5 markers marker NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 80 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 80 7 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 80 8 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 80 9 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 80 10 result result VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 80 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 80 12 trivial trivial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 80 13 groupings grouping NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 80 14 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 80 15 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 80 16 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 80 17 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 80 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 81 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 81 2 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 81 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 81 4 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 81 5 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 81 6 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 81 7 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 81 8 results result VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 81 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 81 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 81 11 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 81 12 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 81 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 81 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 81 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 81 16 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 81 17 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 81 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 1 Efferson Efferson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 3 Lalive Lalive NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 5 Fehr Fehr NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 6 published publish VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 7 such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 9 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 11 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 13 utilizing utilize VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 15 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 17 coordination coordination NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 18 games game NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 20 mimic mimic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 21 cooperation cooperation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 22 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 23 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 82 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 2 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 3 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 5 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 6 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 8 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 10 form form VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 11 endogenously endogenously RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 12 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 13 creation creation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 16 linkage linkage NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 17 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 19 payoff payoff NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 21 relevant relevant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 22 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 25 payoff payoff NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 27 irrelevant irrelevant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 28 marker marker NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 83 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 84 1 Subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 84 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 84 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 84 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 84 5 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 84 6 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 84 7 occurred occur VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 84 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 84 9 ensuing ensue VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 84 10 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 84 11 interactions interaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 84 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 4 Participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 6 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 7 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 8 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 9 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 11 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 12 populations population NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 14 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 15 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 18 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 19 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 20 divided divide VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 21 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 22 subpopulations subpopulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 24 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 85 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 86 1 Each each DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 86 2 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 86 3 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 86 4 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 86 5 payoff payoff NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 86 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 86 7 coordinating coordinate VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 86 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 86 9 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 86 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 86 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 86 12 choices choice NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 86 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 86 14 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 86 15 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 86 16 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 86 17 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 86 18 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 2 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 5 participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 7 awarded award VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 8 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 9 points point NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 11 coordinating coordinate VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 13 choosing choose VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 14 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 15 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 17 choosing choose VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 18 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 19 participant participant NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 20 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 21 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 22 chose choose VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 23 A a NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 25 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 26 A a NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 28 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 30 coordinating coordinate VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 31 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 87 32 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 88 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 88 2 payoffs payoff NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 88 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 88 4 switched switch VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 88 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 88 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 88 7 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 88 8 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 88 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 89 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 89 2 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 89 3 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 89 4 participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 89 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 89 6 awarded award VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 89 7 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 89 8 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 89 9 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 89 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 89 11 mis mis NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 89 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 89 13 coordinating coordinating NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 89 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 2 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 3 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 4 participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 7 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 9 choose choose VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 11 payoff payoff NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 13 irrelevant irrelevant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 14 marker marker NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 16 circle circle NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 18 triangle triangle NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 90 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 1 Players player NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 3 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 4 subpopulations subpopulation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 6 mixed mixed JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 8 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 10 coordination coordination NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 11 problem problem NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 14 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 15 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 18 unidentified unidentified JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 19 player player NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 20 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 21 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 22 subpopulation subpopulation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 23 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 24 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 25 randomly randomly RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 26 switched switch VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 91 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 2 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 3 created create VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 5 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 7 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 8 participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 10 strongly strongly RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 11 incentivized incentivize VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 13 develop develop VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 15 sense sense NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 17 expected expect VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 18 behaviors behavior NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 20 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 22 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 23 subpopulation subpopulation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 25 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 26 occasionally occasionally RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 27 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 28 find find VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 29 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 32 totally totally RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 33 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 34 situation situation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 36 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 37 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 38 behaviors behavior NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 39 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 40 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 42 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 43 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 44 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 45 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 46 norms norm NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 92 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 5 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 6 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 8 players player NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 9 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 10 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 12 inclination inclination NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 14 pair pair VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 15 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 18 marker marker NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 20 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 21 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 22 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 23 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 24 resulted result VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 27 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 28 payoff payoff NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 93 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 2 linkages linkage NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 3 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 4 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 5 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 6 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 7 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 9 covariation covariation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 12 marker marker NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 14 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 18 aggregate aggregate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 19 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 20 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 21 increases increase VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 94 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 3 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 5 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 8 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 9 increase increase NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 11 participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 12 requesting request VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 14 partners partner NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 17 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 19 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 20 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 22 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 23 progressed progress VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 25 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 27 initial initial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 28 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 30 shape shape NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 31 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 32 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 33 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 34 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 35 payoffs payoff NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 95 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 1 Toward toward IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 3 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 6 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 9 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 10 stood stand VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 13 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 14 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 15 % % NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 17 indicating indicate VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 19 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 23 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 24 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 96 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 2 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 3 supported support VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 5 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 8 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 10 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 11 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 12 alters alter NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 13 selective selective JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 14 pressure pressure NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 15 facing face VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 16 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 19 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 20 leads lead VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 22 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 23 behavioral behavioral JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 24 traits trait NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 25 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 26 advantageous advantageous JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 97 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 2 4][3 4][3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 4 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 6 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 7 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 8 selective selective JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 9 pressures pressure NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 11 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 13 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 14 civilizations civilization NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 16 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 17 membership membership NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 20 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 21 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 22 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 23 correlated correlate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 26 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 27 behavioral behavioral JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 28 norm norm NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 31 emergence emergence NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 35 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 36 biases bias NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 37 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 38 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 39 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 40 beneficial beneficial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 41 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 42 act act VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 43 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 44 differing differ VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 45 manners manner NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 46 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 47 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 50 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 51 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 52 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 53 certainly certainly RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 54 plausible plausible JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 98 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 2 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 4 Gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 5 differences[edit differences[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 7 Automatic automatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 8 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 10 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 11 gender[edit gender[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 13 Rudman Rudman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 15 Goodwin Goodwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 16 conducted conduct VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 17 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 19 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 20 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 21 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 22 measured measure VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 23 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 24 preferences preference NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 25 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 26 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 27 asking ask VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 29 participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 99 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 1 Subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 2 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 3 Purdue Purdue NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 5 Rutgers Rutgers NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 7 participated participate VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 9 computerized computerized JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 10 tasks task NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 12 measured measure VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 13 automatic automatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 14 attitudes attitude NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 15 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 16 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 17 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 18 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 20 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 21 categorizes categorize VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 22 pleasant pleasant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 24 unpleasant unpleasant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 25 attributes attribute NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 26 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 27 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 28 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 100 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 1 Such such PDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 3 task task NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 5 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 7 discover discover VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 8 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 9 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 10 associate associate VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 11 pleasant pleasant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 12 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 14 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 16 happy happy JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 19 sunshine sunshine NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 21 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 22 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 25 unpleasant unpleasant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 26 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 28 bad bad JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 30 trouble trouble NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 33 pain pain NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 35 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 36 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 101 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 5 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 6 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 8 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 9 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 10 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 12 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 13 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 14 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 15 favorable favorable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 16 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 18 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 20 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 21 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 24 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 25 biases bias NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 27 4.5 4.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 28 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 29 stronger[25 stronger[25 NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 30 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 31 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 32 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 34 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 36 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 37 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 39 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 40 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 42 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 43 cognitive cognitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 44 balance balance NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 45 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 47 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 48 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 49 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 51 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 52 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 54 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 55 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 56 esteem esteem NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 58 revealing reveal VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 59 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 60 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 61 lack lack VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 62 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 63 mechanism mechanism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 64 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 65 bolsters bolster VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 66 automatic automatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 67 preference preference NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 68 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 69 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 70 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 71 gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 102 72 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 4 Competition[edit competition[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 6 Using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 8 publics public NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 10 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 11 game game NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 13 Van Van NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 14 Vugt Vugt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 16 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 17 Cremer Cremer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 20 Janssen Janssen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 21 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 23 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 24 contributed contribute VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 25 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 27 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 28 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 31 face face NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 33 outside outside JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 34 competition competition NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 35 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 36 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 37 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 38 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 39 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 40 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 41 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 42 distinct distinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 43 difference difference NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 44 amongst amongst IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 45 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 46 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 47 contributions contribution NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 103 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 4 Ethnicity ethnicity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 6 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 7 favoritism[edit favoritism[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 9 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 10 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 11 Fershtman Fershtman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 13 Gneezy Gneezy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 14 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 15 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 16 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 17 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 20 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 21 biases bias NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 25 trust trust NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 27 game game NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 28 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 29 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 30 ethnicity ethnicity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 32 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 33 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 34 tendency tendency NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 35 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 36 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 37 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 39 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 104 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 5 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 6 aims aim VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 8 identify identify VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 9 ethnic ethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 10 discrimination discrimination NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 12 Israeli israeli JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 13 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 14 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 18 conducted conduct VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 19 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 20 996 996 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 21 Israeli israeli JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 22 undergraduates undergraduate NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 105 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 106 1 Groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 106 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 106 3 separated separate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 106 4 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 106 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 106 6 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 106 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 106 8 participant participant NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 106 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 106 10 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 106 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 106 12 typically typically RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 106 13 ethnically ethnically RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 106 14 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 106 15 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 106 16 Ashkenazic Ashkenazic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 106 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 1 Similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 4 dictator dictator NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 5 game game NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 7 subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 9 instructed instruct VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 11 divide divide VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 13 sum sum NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 15 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 17 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 18 NIS NIS NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 20 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 21 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 23 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 24 player player NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 107 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 1 Player Player NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 2 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 4 told tell VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 6 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 7 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 8 sent send VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 9 over over RP en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 11 Player Player NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 12 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 13 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 14 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 15 tripled triple VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 18 Player Player NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 19 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 20 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 21 receive receive VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 22 details detail NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 25 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 27 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 29 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 31 Player Player NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 32 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 35 transferred transfer VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 36 sum sum NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 108 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 109 1 Subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 109 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 109 3 Player Player NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 109 4 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 109 5 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 109 6 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 109 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 109 8 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 109 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 109 10 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 109 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 109 12 send send VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 109 13 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 109 14 money money NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 109 15 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 109 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 2 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 3 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 5 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 6 sharing share VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 7 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 8 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 9 transfer transfer NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 10 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 12 10.63 10.63 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 14 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 16 11.42 11.42 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 18 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 21 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 22 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 23 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 24 display display VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 25 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 28 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 29 biases bias NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 30 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 31 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 32 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 34 recipients recipient NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 35 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 36 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 37 Ashkenazic Ashkenazic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 38 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 39 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 40 sounding sound VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 41 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 110 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 111 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 111 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 111 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 111 4 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 111 5 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 111 6 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 111 7 sounding sound VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 111 8 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 111 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 111 10 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 111 11 amongst amongst IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 111 12 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 111 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 4 Furthermore furthermore RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 6 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 7 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 8 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 9 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 11 Ashkenazic Ashkenazic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 12 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 13 compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 15 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 19 opposite opposite JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 21 true true JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 23 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 24 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 112 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 5 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 6 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 7 seem seem VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 8 counter counter JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 9 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 10 intuitive intuitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 13 participants participant NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 14 appear appear VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 16 share share VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 17 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 19 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 20 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 21 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 23 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 24 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 113 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 3 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 4 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 5 expect expect VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 6 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 7 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 10 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 11 marginalized marginalized JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 13 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 15 actually actually RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 16 consistent consistent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 18 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 19 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 21 studied study VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 22 discrimination discrimination NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 23 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 24 Afro afro JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 26 American american JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 27 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 114 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 4 Developmental developmental JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 5 age[edit age[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 7 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 8 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 9 Fehr Fehr NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 11 Bernhard Bernhard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 14 Rockenbach Rockenbach NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 18 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 19 conducted conduct VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 21 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 23 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 24 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 25 boys boy NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 26 displayed display VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 29 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 30 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 31 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 32 ages age NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 33 3–8 3–8 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 35 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 36 girls girl NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 37 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 38 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 39 display display VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 40 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 41 tendencies tendency NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 115 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 5 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 6 involved involve VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 7 usage usage NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 11 envy envy NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 12 game game NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 16 modified modify VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 17 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 20 dictator dictator NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 21 game game NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 116 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 117 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 117 2 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 117 3 explanation explanation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 117 4 posited posit VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 117 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 117 6 researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 117 7 relied rely VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 117 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 117 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 117 10 evolutionary evolutionary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 117 11 basis basis NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 117 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 5 theorized theorize VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 6 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 7 parochialism parochialism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 9 favoring favor VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 10 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 13 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 14 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 16 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 17 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 18 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 19 advantageous advantageous JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 22 strengthened strengthen VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 24 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 25 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 26 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 28 intergroup intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 29 conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 118 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 5 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 8 ones one NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 9 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 11 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 14 forefront forefront NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 16 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 17 conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 20 past past NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 23 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 24 bore bear VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 26 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 29 costs cost NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 31 conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 33 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 35 injury injury NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 36 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 37 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 39 evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 40 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 41 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 42 favored favor VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 44 greater great JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 45 sensitivity sensitivity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 47 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 49 situations situation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 50 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 51 resulted result VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 52 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 53 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 54 advantageous advantageous JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 55 payoff payoff NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 56 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 57 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 58 in in NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 59 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 60 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 119 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 2 males male NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 3 tended tend VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 5 show show VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 8 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 9 biases bias NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 10 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 12 younger young JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 13 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 14 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 15 females female NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 19 evident evident JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 22 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 120 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 4 Real real JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 6 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 7 examples[edit examples[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 9 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 10 US US NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 11 Presidential Presidential NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 12 elections[edit elections[edit , en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 14 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 15 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 16 conducted conduct VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 17 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 19 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 20 Presidential presidential JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 21 elections election NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 22 showcased showcase VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 23 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 24 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 25 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 27 dynamic dynamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 121 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 5 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 7 carried carry VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 8 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 9 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 10 395 395 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 11 Democrats Democrats NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 13 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 15 MA MA NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 17 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 19 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 20 dictator dictator NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 21 game game NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 122 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 123 1 Subjects subject NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 123 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 123 3 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 123 4 $ $ $ en-wikipedia-org-9886 123 5 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 123 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 123 7 divide divide VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 123 8 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 123 9 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 123 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 123 11 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 123 12 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 123 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 124 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 124 2 recipients recipient NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 124 3 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 124 4 anonymous anonymous JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 124 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 124 6 apart apart RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 124 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 124 8 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 124 9 candidate candidate NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 124 10 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 124 11 supported support VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 124 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 124 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 124 14 Democratic Democratic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 124 15 Primaries Primaries NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 124 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 125 1 Data datum NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 125 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 125 3 collected collect VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 125 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 125 5 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 125 6 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 125 7 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 125 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 1 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 4 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 6 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 7 Hillary Hillary NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 8 Clinton Clinton NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 9 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 10 concession concession NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 11 speech speech NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 13 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 14 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 17 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 18 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 20 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 22 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 24 Democratic Democratic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 25 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 26 Convention Convention NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 27 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 29 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 32 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 33 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 35 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 39 buildup buildup NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 42 Presidential presidential JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 43 elections election NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 126 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 2 results result NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 3 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 5 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 6 displayed display VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 7 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 10 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 11 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 13 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 14 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 16 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 19 DNC DNC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 21 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 127 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 128 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 128 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 128 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 128 4 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 128 5 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 128 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 128 7 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 128 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 128 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 128 10 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 128 11 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 128 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 128 13 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 128 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 129 1 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 129 2 displayed display VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 129 3 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 129 4 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 129 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 129 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 129 7 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 129 8 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 129 9 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 129 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 130 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 130 2 experiment experiment NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 130 3 suggested suggest VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 130 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 130 5 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 130 6 identities identity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 130 7 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 130 8 flexible flexible JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 130 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 130 10 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 130 11 change change VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 130 12 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 130 13 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 130 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 4 Researchers researcher NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 5 theorized theorize VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 6 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 9 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 10 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 12 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 14 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 18 competition competition NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 22 Democratic democratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 23 nominee nominee NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 26 elections election NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 28 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 29 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 31 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 32 salient salient NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 131 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 2 lack lack NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 4 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 5 electoral electoral JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 6 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 8 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 10 Republicans Republicans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 12 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 13 perception perception NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 15 salient salient NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 16 groupings grouping NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 18 remain remain VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 19 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 20 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 132 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 4 Only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 6 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 7 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 11 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 12 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 13 subside subside NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 16 superordinate superordinate JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 17 goal goal NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 18 shared share VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 19 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 20 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 22 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 23 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 133 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 1 Wikipedia[edit wikipedia[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 3 Research research NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 4 analyzing analyze VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 5 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 6 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 7 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 8 inter inter JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 9 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 10 group group JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 11 conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 13 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 15 Falklands Falklands NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 16 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 19 comparing compare VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 21 corresponding corresponding JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 22 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 23 versions version NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 25 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 27 e.g. e.g. RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 29 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 31 Spanish Spanish NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 33 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 34 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 35 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 38 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 39 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 40 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 41 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 43 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 44 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 46 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 47 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 48 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 49 systematically systematically RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 50 preferred prefer VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 52 presented present VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 53 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 54 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 55 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 56 favorable favorable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 57 light light NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 60 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 61 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 62 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 63 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 64 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 65 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 66 presented present VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 67 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 68 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 69 immoral immoral JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 70 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 71 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 72 responsible responsible JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 73 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 74 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 75 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 134 76 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 4 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 6 substantial substantial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 7 variations variation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 8 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 9 conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 11 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 14 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 15 analyses analysis NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 16 revealed reveal VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 19 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 20 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 22 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 23 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 24 pronounced pronounced JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 26 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 27 recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 28 conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 31 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 32 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 33 predominantly predominantly RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 35 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 38 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 39 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 40 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 135 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 4 Versus Versus NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 5 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 7 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 8 negativity[edit negativity[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 10 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 11 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 13 Group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 14 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 15 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 16 psychologists psychologist NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 17 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 18 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 19 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 21 distinction distinction NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 22 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 23 ingroup ingroup NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 24 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 26 outgroup outgroup NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 27 negativity negativity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 29 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 30 outgroup outgroup NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 31 negativity negativity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 32 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 34 act act NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 36 punishing punish VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 37 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 38 placing place VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 39 burdens burden NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 40 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 42 outgroup outgroup NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 136 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 2 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 4 Indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 7 significant significant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 8 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 10 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 11 exists exist VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 13 attempts attempt VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 15 identify identify VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 17 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 18 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 19 ingroup ingroup NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 20 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 22 outgroup outgroup NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 23 negativity negativity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 25 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 26 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 28 conditions condition NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 29 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 30 will will MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 31 lead lead VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 33 outgroup outgroup NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 34 negativity negativity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 137 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 138 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 138 2 32][33][34 32][33][34 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 138 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 138 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 138 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 138 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 138 7 Struch Struch NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 138 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 138 9 Schwartz Schwartz NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 138 10 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 138 11 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 138 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 138 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 138 14 predictions prediction NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 138 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 138 16 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 138 17 congruence congruence NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 138 18 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 138 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 2 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 5 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 6 congruence congruence NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 7 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 8 concerns concern VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 9 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 12 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 14 similarity similarity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 16 beliefs belief NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 18 attitudes attitude NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 21 values value NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 22 perceived perceive VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 24 exist exist VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 25 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 26 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 139 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 140 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 140 2 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 140 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 140 4 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 140 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 140 6 dissimilarity dissimilarity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 140 7 increases increase VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 140 8 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 140 9 orientations orientation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 140 10 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 140 11 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 140 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 2 applied apply VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 4 racial racial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 5 discrimination discrimination NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 8 belief belief NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 9 congruence congruence NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 10 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 11 argues argue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 14 perceived perceive VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 15 dissimilarity dissimilarity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 17 beliefs belief NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 18 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 19 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 22 impact impact NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 24 racial racial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 25 discrimination discrimination NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 26 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 27 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 28 race race VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 29 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 141 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 142 1 Research research NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 142 2 finds find VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 142 3 evidence evidence NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 142 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 142 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 142 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 142 7 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 142 8 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 142 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 142 10 police police NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 142 11 investigations[36 investigations[36 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 142 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 142 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 142 14 judicial judicial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 142 15 decisions decision NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 142 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 2 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 4 Biological biological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 5 relationship[edit relationship[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 7 Oxytocin oxytocin NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 10 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 11 correlated correlate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 14 preferences preference NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 16 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 18 associate associate VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 20 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 22 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 23 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 24 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 26 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 27 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 29 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 30 evident evident JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 31 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 32 conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 33 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 34 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 36 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 37 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 143 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 2 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 4 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 5 receiving receive VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 6 nasally nasally RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 7 administered administer VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 8 oxytocin oxytocin NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 9 demonstrate demonstrate VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 10 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 11 frequent frequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 12 defense defense NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 14 motivated motivated JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 15 responses response NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 16 toward toward IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 19 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 20 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 21 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 22 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 24 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 25 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 144 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 1 Further further RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 3 oxytocin oxytocin NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 5 correlated correlate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 7 participant participant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 8 desire desire NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 10 protect protect VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 11 vulnerable vulnerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 14 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 15 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 17 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 18 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 19 individual individual NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 20 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 21 attachment attachment NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 24 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 145 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 4 Similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 7 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 9 demonstrated demonstrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 11 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 12 oxytocin oxytocin NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 14 administered administer VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 16 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 17 alter alter VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 19 subjective subjective JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 20 preferences preference NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 22 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 24 align align VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 25 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 28 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 29 ideals ideal NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 30 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 31 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 33 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 34 ideals ideal NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 146 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 147 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 147 2 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 147 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 147 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 147 5 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 147 6 demonstrate demonstrate VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 147 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 147 8 oxytocin oxytocin NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 147 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 147 10 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 147 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 147 12 intergroup intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 147 13 dynamics dynamic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 147 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 148 1 Further further RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 148 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 148 3 oxytocin oxytocin JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 148 4 influences influence VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 148 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 148 6 responses response NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 148 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 148 8 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 148 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 148 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 148 11 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 148 12 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 148 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 148 14 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 148 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 148 16 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 148 17 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 148 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 4 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 5 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 6 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 7 evident evident JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 9 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 10 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 12 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 15 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 16 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 17 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 18 extended extend VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 20 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 21 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 22 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 24 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 25 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 26 entire entire JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 27 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 28 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 29 toward toward IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 31 tendency tendency NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 33 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 34 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 35 zeal zeal NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 149 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 2 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 3 done do VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 6 Netherlands Netherlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 7 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 9 oxytocin oxytocin NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 10 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 14 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 15 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 18 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 19 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 20 decreasing decrease VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 21 acceptance acceptance NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 23 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 25 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 26 ethnicities ethnicity NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 28 foreigners foreigner NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 150 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 2 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 4 People People NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 6 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 7 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 8 affection affection NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 11 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 13 flag flag NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 14 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 15 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 16 indifferent indifferent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 18 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 19 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 20 objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 21 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 22 exposed expose VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 24 oxytocin oxytocin NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 151 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 5 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 6 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 7 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 8 hypothesized hypothesize VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 11 hormone hormone NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 12 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 15 factor factor NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 17 xenophobic xenophobic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 18 tendencies tendency NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 19 secondary secondary JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 21 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 22 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 152 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 1 Thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 3 oxytocin oxytocin NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 4 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 6 affect affect VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 7 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 8 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 10 international international JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 11 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 12 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 16 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 17 becomes become VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 19 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 21 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 23 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 26 out out JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 28 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 29 grows grow VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 31 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 32 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 33 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 34 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 153 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 3 group group NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 4 derogation[edit derogation[edit , en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 6 Cross cross JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 7 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 8 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 9 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 10 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 11 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 12 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 15 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 16 derogation derogation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 19 tendency tendency NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 21 criticize criticize VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 22 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 24 one one PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 25 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 26 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 27 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 29 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 30 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 31 harshly harshly RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 32 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 33 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 35 outside outside JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 36 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 38 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 39 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 40 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 41 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 42 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 44 disadvantaged disadvantaged JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 46 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 47 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 48 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 49 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 50 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 53 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 54 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 55 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 56 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 154 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 3 Ma Ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 5 Kellams Kellams NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 7 Spencer Spencer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 9 Rodgers Rodgers NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 11 Peng Peng NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 13 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 14 justification justification NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 15 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 16 seeks seek VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 18 explain explain VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 19 why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 21 minorities minority NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 22 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 23 endorse endorse VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 24 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 26 justifying justify VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 27 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 29 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 30 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 31 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 155 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 2 said say VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 3 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 4 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 5 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 8 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 9 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 11 derogation derogation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 12 partially partially RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 13 supported support VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 14 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 15 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 20 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 21 failed fail VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 23 address address VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 24 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 27 nuances nuance NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 156 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 157 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 157 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 157 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 157 4 Ma Ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 157 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 157 6 Kellams Kellams NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 157 7 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 157 8 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 157 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 1 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 2 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 3 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 5 compared compare VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 7 individualist individualist VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 8 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 10 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 12 collectivist collectivist JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 13 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 15 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 17 East east JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 18 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 19 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 21 tended tend VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 22 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 23 judge judge VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 24 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 25 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 26 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 27 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 28 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 29 favorably favorably RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 30 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 31 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 32 judged judge VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 33 outsiders outsider NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 35 whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 36 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 37 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 38 individualist individualist JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 39 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 40 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 41 inclined incline VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 43 judge judge VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 44 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 46 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 47 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 48 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 49 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 50 favorably favorably RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 51 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 52 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 53 judged judge VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 54 outsiders outsider NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 158 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 4 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 5 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 6 theory[citation theory[citation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 7 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 10 Freudian freudian JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 11 theorists theorist NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 12 explain explain VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 15 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 16 derogation derogation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 19 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 22 negative negative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 23 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 25 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 27 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 28 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 29 believe believe VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 30 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 31 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 32 extended extend VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 35 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 159 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 160 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 160 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 160 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 160 4 Ma Ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 160 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 160 6 Kellams Kellams NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 160 7 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 160 8 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 160 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 1 theorized theorize VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 2 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 4 ingroup ingroup NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 5 derogation derogation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 6 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 8 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 9 culturally culturally RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 10 normative normative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 12 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 13 troubling troubling JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 15 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 16 Asians Asians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 19 evidenced evidence VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 22 fact fact NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 24 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 25 Asians Asians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 26 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 27 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 28 likely likely JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 30 report report VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 31 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 32 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 34 positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 35 affect affect NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 36 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 37 emotion emotion NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 39 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 40 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 42 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 43 in in NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 44 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 45 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 47 demonstrating demonstrate VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 48 ambivalence ambivalence NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 49 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 51 unfavorable unfavorable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 52 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 53 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 54 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 55 acknowledged acknowledge VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 56 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 57 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 58 in in NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 59 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 60 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 161 61 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 3 Ma Ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 5 Kellam Kellam NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 6 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 7 al al NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 8 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 10 culturally culturally RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 12 ingrained ingrain VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 13 attitudes attitude NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 15 beliefs belief NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 17 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 18 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 19 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 20 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 22 esteem esteem NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 24 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 25 play play VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 27 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 29 collectivist collectivist JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 30 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 31 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 34 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 35 derogation derogation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 37 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 39 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 40 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 41 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 42 tolerate tolerate VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 43 holding hold VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 44 seemingly seemingly RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 45 contradictory contradictory JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 46 views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 162 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 4 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 5 also[edit also[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 7 Psychology psychology NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 8 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 9 Collective collective JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 10 narcissism narcissism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 11 Common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 12 ingroup ingroup NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 13 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 14 Cronyism Cronyism NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 15 Groupthink Groupthink NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 16 Linguistic Linguistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 17 intergroup intergroup NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 18 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 19 Marginalization Marginalization NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 20 Marking mark VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 21 your -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 22 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 23 homework homework NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 24 Nepotism Nepotism NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 25 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 26 boy boy NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 27 network network NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 28 Out out IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 30 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 31 homogeneity homogeneity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 32 Priming Priming NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 33 Psychological Psychological NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 34 projection projection NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 35 Protectionism Protectionism NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 36 Scapegoating scapegoate VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 37 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 38 projection projection NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 39 Terror Terror NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 40 management management NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 41 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 42 Xenophobia Xenophobia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 43 References[edit references[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 44 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 45 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 47 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 48 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 49 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 50 Aronson Aronson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 52 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 54 Wilson Wilson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 56 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 57 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 59 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 60 Akert Akert NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 62 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 63 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 64 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 65 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 163 66 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 164 1 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 164 2 psychology psychology NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 164 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 165 1 7th 7th NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 165 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 165 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 166 1 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 166 2 Saddle Saddle NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 166 3 River River NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 166 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 166 5 Prentice Prentice NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 166 6 Hall Hall NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 166 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 167 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 167 2 Taylor Taylor NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 167 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 167 4 Donald Donald NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 167 5 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 167 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 167 7 Doria Doria NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 167 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 167 9 Janet Janet NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 167 10 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 167 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 167 12 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 167 13 1981 1981 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 167 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 167 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 168 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 168 2 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 168 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 168 4 serving serve VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 168 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 168 6 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 168 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 168 8 serving serve VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 168 9 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 168 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 168 11 attribution attribution NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 168 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 168 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 169 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 169 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 169 3 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 169 4 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 169 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 170 1 113 113 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 170 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 170 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 170 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 170 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 170 6 201–211 201–211 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 170 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 171 1 doi:10.1080/00224545.1981.9924371 doi:10.1080/00224545.1981.9924371 JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 171 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 6 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 7 f f NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 8 Efferson Efferson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 10 Charles Charles NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 12 Lalive Lalive NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 14 Rafael Rafael NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 16 Fehr Fehr NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 18 Ernst Ernst NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 20 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 21 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 22 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 24 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 172 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 173 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 173 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 173 3 Coevolution Coevolution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 173 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 173 5 Cultural Cultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 173 6 Groups Groups NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 173 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 173 8 Ingroup Ingroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 173 9 Favoritism Favoritism NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 173 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 173 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 173 12 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 173 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 173 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 174 1 Science science NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 174 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 175 1 321 321 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 175 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 175 3 5897 5897 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 175 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 175 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 175 6 1844–1849 1844–1849 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 175 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 176 1 Bibcode:2008Sci bibcode:2008sci CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 176 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-9886 176 3 321.1844E. 321.1844e. CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 177 1 doi:10.1126 doi:10.1126 VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 177 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 177 3 science.1155805 science.1155805 JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 177 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 178 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 178 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 178 3 18818361 18818361 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 178 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 179 1 S2CID S2CID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 179 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 179 3 32927015 32927015 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 179 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 4 Fu Fu NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 6 Feng Feng NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 8 Tarnita Tarnita NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 10 Corina Corina NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 11 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 13 Christakis Christakis NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 15 Nicholas Nicholas NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 16 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 18 Wang Wang NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 20 Long Long NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 22 Rand Rand NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 24 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 25 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 26 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 27 Nowak Nowak NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 29 Martin Martin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 180 30 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 181 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 181 2 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 181 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 181 4 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 181 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 181 6 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 181 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 181 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 182 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 182 2 Evolution evolution NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 182 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 182 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 182 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 182 6 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 182 7 favoritism favoritism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 182 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 182 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 183 1 Scientific Scientific NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 183 2 Reports report NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 183 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 184 1 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 184 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 184 3 460 460 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 184 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 185 1 Bibcode:2012NatSR Bibcode:2012NatSR NFP en-wikipedia-org-9886 185 2 ... ... : en-wikipedia-org-9886 185 3 2E.460F. 2e.460f. CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 186 1 doi:10.1038 doi:10.1038 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 186 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 186 3 srep00460 srep00460 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 186 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 187 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 187 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 187 3 3380441 3380441 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 187 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 188 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 188 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 188 3 22724059 22724059 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 188 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 189 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 189 2 Sumner Sumner NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 189 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 189 4 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 189 5 Graham Graham NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 189 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 189 7 1840 1840 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 189 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 189 9 1910 1910 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 189 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 1 Folkways Folkways NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 5 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 8 sociological sociological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 9 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 11 usages usage NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 13 manners manner NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 15 customs custom NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 17 mores more NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 20 morals moral NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 22 Reprint Reprint NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 24 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 25 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 190 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 191 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 191 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 191 3 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 191 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 192 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 192 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 192 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 192 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 192 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 192 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 192 7 5024 5024 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 192 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 192 9 6917 6917 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 192 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 192 11 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 192 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 3 1003045387.CS1 1003045387.cs1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 4 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 6 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 7 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 9 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 10 list list NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 12 link link NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 14 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 16 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 17 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 18 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 19 Sherif Sherif NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 21 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 22 ; ; NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 23 Harvey Harvey NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 193 25 O.J. O.J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 194 1 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 194 2 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 194 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 194 4 B.J. B.J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 195 1 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 195 2 Hood Hood NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 195 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 195 4 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 195 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 195 6 Sherif Sherif NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 195 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 195 8 C.W. C.W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 196 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 196 2 1961 1961 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 196 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 196 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 197 1 Intergroup Intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 197 2 Conflict Conflict NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 197 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 197 4 Cooperation Cooperation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 197 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 197 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 197 7 Robbers Robbers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 197 8 Cave Cave NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 197 9 Experiment Experiment NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 197 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 198 1 Norman Norman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 198 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 198 3 OK ok UH en-wikipedia-org-9886 198 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 198 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 198 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 198 7 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 198 8 Exchange Exchange NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 198 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 199 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 199 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 200 1 155–184 155–184 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 200 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 201 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 201 2 Billig Billig NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 201 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 201 4 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 201 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 201 6 Tajfel Tajfel NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 201 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 201 8 Henri Henri NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 201 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 201 10 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 201 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 201 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 202 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 202 2 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 202 3 categorization categorization NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 202 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 202 5 similarity similarity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 202 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 202 7 intergroup intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 202 8 behaviour behaviour NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 202 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 202 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 203 1 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 203 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 203 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 203 4 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 203 5 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 203 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 204 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 204 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 204 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 204 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 204 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 204 6 27–52 27–52 LS en-wikipedia-org-9886 204 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 205 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 205 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 205 3 ejsp.2420030103 ejsp.2420030103 RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 205 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 2 Cialdini Cialdini NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 4 Robert Robert NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 5 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 7 Borden Borden NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 9 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 10 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 12 Thorne Thorne NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 14 Avril Avril NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 16 Walker Walker NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 18 Marcus Marcus NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 19 Randall Randall NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 21 Freeman Freeman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 23 Stephen Stephen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 24 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 25 Sloan Sloan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 27 Lloyd Lloyd NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 28 Reynolds Reynolds NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 30 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 206 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 207 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 207 2 Basking bask VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 207 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 207 4 Reflected reflect VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 207 5 Glory glory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 207 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 207 7 Three three CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 207 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 207 9 Football Football NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 207 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 207 11 Field Field NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 207 12 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 207 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 207 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 208 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 208 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 208 3 Personality Personality NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 208 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 208 5 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 208 6 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 208 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 209 1 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 209 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 209 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 209 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 209 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 209 6 366–375 366–375 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 209 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 210 1 doi:10.1037/0022 doi:10.1037/0022 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 210 2 - - : en-wikipedia-org-9886 210 3 3514.34.3.366 3514.34.3.366 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 210 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 211 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 211 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 211 3 13191936 13191936 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 211 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 4 Crocker Crocker NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 6 Jennifer Jennifer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 8 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 10 Leigh Leigh NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 11 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 13 McGraw McGraw NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 15 Kathleen Kathleen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 16 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 18 Ingerman Ingerman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 20 Cindy Cindy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 22 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 23 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 212 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 2 Downward Downward NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 3 Comparison Comparison NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 5 Prejudice Prejudice NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 8 Evaluations Evaluations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 10 Others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 12 Effects effect NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 14 Self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 16 Esteem esteem NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 18 Threat threat NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 213 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 214 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 214 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 214 3 Personality Personality NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 214 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 214 5 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 214 6 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 214 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 215 1 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 215 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 215 3 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 215 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 215 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 215 6 907–916 907–916 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 215 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 216 1 doi:10.1037/0022 doi:10.1037/0022 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 216 2 - - : en-wikipedia-org-9886 216 3 3514.52.5.907 3514.52.5.907 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 216 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 217 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 217 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 217 3 3585702 3585702 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 217 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 218 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 218 2 Abrams Abrams NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 218 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 218 4 Dominic Dominic NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 218 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 218 6 Hogg Hogg NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 218 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 218 8 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 218 9 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 219 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 219 2 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 219 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 219 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 220 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 220 2 Comments comment NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 220 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 220 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 220 5 motivational motivational JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 220 6 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 220 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 220 8 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 220 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 220 10 esteem esteem NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 220 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 220 12 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 220 13 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 220 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 220 15 intergroup intergroup NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 220 16 discrimination discrimination NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 220 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 220 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 221 1 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 221 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 221 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 221 4 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 221 5 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 221 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 222 1 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 222 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 222 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 222 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 222 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 222 6 317–334 317–334 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 222 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 223 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 223 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 223 3 ejsp.2420180403 ejsp.2420180403 NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 223 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 224 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 224 2 Sachdev Sachdev NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 224 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 224 4 Itesh Itesh NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 224 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 224 6 Bourhis Bourhis NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 224 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 224 8 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 224 9 Y. Y. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 225 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 225 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 225 3 1987 1987 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 225 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 225 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 226 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 226 2 Status status NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 226 3 differentials differential NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 226 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 226 5 intergroup intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 226 6 behaviour behaviour NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 226 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 226 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 227 1 European European NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 227 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 227 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 227 4 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 227 5 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 227 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 228 1 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 228 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 228 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 228 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 228 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 228 6 277–293 277–293 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 228 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 229 1 doi:10.1002 doi:10.1002 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 229 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 229 3 ejsp.2420170304 ejsp.2420170304 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 229 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 230 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 230 2 Rubin Rubin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 230 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 230 4 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 230 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 230 6 Hewstone Hewstone NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 230 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 230 8 Miles Miles NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 230 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 230 10 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 230 11 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 230 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 230 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 231 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 231 2 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 231 3 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 231 4 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 231 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 231 6 Self Self NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 231 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 231 8 Esteem esteem NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 231 9 Hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 231 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 231 11 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 231 12 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 231 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 231 14 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 231 15 Suggestions Suggestions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 231 16 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 231 17 Clarification Clarification NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 231 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 231 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 232 1 Personality Personality NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 232 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 232 3 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 232 4 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 232 5 Review Review NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 232 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 233 1 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 233 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 233 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 233 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 233 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 233 6 40–62 40–62 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 233 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 234 1 doi:10.1207 doi:10.1207 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 234 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 234 3 s15327957pspr0201_3 s15327957pspr0201_3 . en-wikipedia-org-9886 234 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 235 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 235 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 235 3 15647150 15647150 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 235 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 236 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 236 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 236 3 40695727 40695727 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 236 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 237 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 237 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 237 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 237 4 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 237 5 Dreu Dreu NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 237 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 237 7 Carsten Carsten NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 237 8 K.W. K.W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 238 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 238 2 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 238 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 238 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 239 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 239 2 Oxytocin oxytocin JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 239 3 modulates modulate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 239 4 cooperation cooperation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 239 5 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 239 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 239 7 competition competition NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 239 8 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 239 9 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 239 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 239 11 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 239 12 integrative integrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 239 13 review review NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 239 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 239 15 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 239 16 agenda agenda NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 239 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 239 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 240 1 Hormones Hormones NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 240 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 240 3 Behavior Behavior NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 240 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 241 1 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 241 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 241 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 241 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 241 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 241 6 419–428 419–428 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 241 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 242 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 242 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 242 3 j.yhbeh.2011.12.009 j.yhbeh.2011.12.009 XX en-wikipedia-org-9886 242 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 243 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 243 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 243 3 22227278 22227278 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 243 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 244 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 244 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 244 3 140120921 140120921 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 244 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 2 Sheng Sheng NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 3 F F NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 5 Liu Liu NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 6 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 8 Zhou Zhou NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 9 B B NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 11 Zhou Zhou NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 12 W W NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 14 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 15 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 17 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 18 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 245 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 246 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 246 2 Oxytocin oxytocin NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 246 3 modulates modulate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 246 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 246 5 racial racial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 246 6 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 246 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 246 8 neural neural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 246 9 responses response NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 246 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 246 11 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 246 12 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 246 13 suffering suffering NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 246 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 246 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 247 1 Biological Biological NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 247 2 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 247 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 248 1 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 248 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 248 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 248 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 248 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 248 6 380–6 380–6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 248 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 249 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 249 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 249 3 j.biopsycho.2012.11.018 j.biopsycho.2012.11.018 JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 249 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 250 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 250 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 250 3 23246533 23246533 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 250 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 251 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 251 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 251 3 206109148 206109148 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 251 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 252 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 252 2 Shalvi Shalvi NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 252 3 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 252 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 252 5 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 252 6 Dreu Dreu NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 252 7 CK CK NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 252 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 252 9 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 252 10 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 252 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 252 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 253 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 253 2 Oxytocin oxytocin NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 253 3 promotes promote VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 253 4 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 253 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 253 6 serving serve VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 253 7 dishonesty dishonesty NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 253 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 253 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 254 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 254 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 254 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 254 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 254 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 254 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 254 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 254 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 254 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 254 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 254 11 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 254 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 254 13 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 254 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 255 1 111 111 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 255 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 255 3 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 255 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 255 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 255 6 5503–7 5503–7 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 255 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 256 1 Bibcode:2014PNAS bibcode:2014pnas UH en-wikipedia-org-9886 256 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-9886 256 3 111.5503S. 111.5503s. XX en-wikipedia-org-9886 257 1 doi:10.1073 doi:10.1073 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 257 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 257 3 pnas.1400724111 pnas.1400724111 JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 257 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 258 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 258 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 258 3 3992689 3992689 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 258 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 259 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 259 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 259 3 24706799 24706799 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 259 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 260 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 260 2 Hogg Hogg NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 260 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 260 4 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 260 5 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 260 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 260 7 Terry Terry NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 260 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 260 9 Deborah Deborah NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 260 10 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 260 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 260 12 White White NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 260 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 260 14 Katherine Katherine NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 260 15 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 260 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 260 17 1995 1995 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 260 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 260 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 261 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 261 2 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 261 3 Tale Tale NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 261 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 261 5 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 261 6 Theories Theories NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 261 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 261 8 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 261 9 Critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 261 10 Comparison comparison NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 261 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 261 12 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 261 13 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 261 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 261 15 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 261 16 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 261 17 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 261 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 261 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 262 1 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 262 2 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 262 3 Quarterly Quarterly NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 262 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 263 1 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 263 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 263 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 263 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 263 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 263 6 255–269 255–269 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 263 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 264 1 doi:10.2307/2787127 doi:10.2307/2787127 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 264 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 265 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 265 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 265 3 2787127 2787127 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 265 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 266 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 266 2 Tajfel Tajfel NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 266 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 266 4 Henri Henri NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 266 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 266 6 1974 1974 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 266 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 266 8 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 266 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 266 10 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 266 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 266 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 267 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 267 2 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 267 3 identity identity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 267 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 267 5 intergroup intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 267 6 behaviour behaviour NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 267 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 267 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 268 1 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 268 2 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 268 3 Information Information NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 268 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 269 1 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 269 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 269 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 269 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 269 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 269 6 65–93 65–93 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 269 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 270 1 doi:10.1177/053901847401300204 doi:10.1177/053901847401300204 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 270 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 271 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 271 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 271 3 143666442 143666442 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 271 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 272 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 272 2 Turner Turner NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 272 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 272 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 272 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 272 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 272 7 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 272 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 272 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 273 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 273 2 Social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 273 3 categorization categorization NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 273 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 273 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 273 6 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 273 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 273 8 concept concept NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 273 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 273 10 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 273 11 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 273 12 cognitive cognitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 273 13 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 273 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 273 15 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 273 16 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 273 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 273 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 274 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 274 2 Lawler Lawler NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 274 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 274 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 274 5 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 275 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 275 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 275 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 275 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 275 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 276 1 Advances advance NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 276 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 276 3 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 276 4 Processes Processes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 276 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 276 6 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 276 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 276 8 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 276 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 276 10 Vol.2 vol.2 NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 276 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 277 1 Greenwich Greenwich NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 277 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 277 3 CT CT NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 277 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 277 5 JAI JAI NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 277 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 278 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 278 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 279 1 77–122 77–122 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 279 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 280 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 280 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 280 3 9780892325245 9780892325245 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 280 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 281 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 281 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 281 3 925165493 925165493 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 281 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 282 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 282 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 282 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 282 4 Tajfel Tajfel NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 282 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 282 6 Henri Henri NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 282 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 282 8 Turner Turner NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 282 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 282 10 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 282 11 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 282 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 282 13 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 282 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 282 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 283 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 283 2 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 283 3 integrative integrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 283 4 theory theory NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 283 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 283 6 intergroup intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 283 7 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 283 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 283 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 284 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 284 2 Austin Austin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 284 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 284 4 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 284 5 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 284 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 284 7 Worchel Worchel NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 284 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 284 9 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 285 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 285 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 285 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 285 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 285 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 286 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 286 2 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 286 3 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 286 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 286 5 Intergroup Intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 286 6 Relations Relations NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 286 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 287 1 Brooks Brooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 287 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 287 3 Cole Cole NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 287 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 288 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 288 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 289 1 33–47 33–47 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 289 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 290 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 290 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 290 3 9780818502781 9780818502781 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 290 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 291 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 291 2 Stryker Stryker NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 291 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 291 4 Sheldon Sheldon NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 291 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 291 6 Serpe Serpe NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 291 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 291 8 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 291 9 T. T. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 291 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 291 11 1982 1982 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 291 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 291 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 292 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 292 2 Commitment commitment NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 292 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 292 4 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 292 5 Salience Salience NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 292 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 292 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 292 8 Role Role NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 292 9 Behavior Behavior NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 292 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 292 11 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 292 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 292 13 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 292 14 Example Example NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 292 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 292 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 293 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 293 2 Ickes Ickes NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 293 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 293 4 William William NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 293 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 293 6 Knowles Knowles NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 293 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 293 8 Eric Eric NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 293 9 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 294 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 294 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 294 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 294 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 294 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 295 1 Personality Personality NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 295 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 295 3 Roles Roles NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 295 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 295 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 295 6 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 295 7 Behavior Behavior NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 295 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 296 1 Springer Springer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 296 2 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 296 3 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 296 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 297 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 297 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 298 1 199–218 199–218 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 298 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 299 1 doi:10.1007/978 doi:10.1007/978 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 299 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 299 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 299 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 299 5 4613 4613 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 299 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 299 7 9469 9469 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 299 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 299 9 3_7 3_7 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 299 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 300 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 300 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 300 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 300 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 300 5 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 300 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 300 7 4613 4613 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 300 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 300 9 9471 9471 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 300 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 300 11 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 300 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 301 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 301 2 Nuttbrock Nuttbrock NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 301 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 301 4 Larry Larry NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 301 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 301 6 Freudiger Freudiger NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 301 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 301 8 Patricia Patricia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 301 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 301 10 1991 1991 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 301 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 301 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 302 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 302 2 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 302 3 Salience Salience NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 302 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 302 5 Motherhood Motherhood NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 302 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 302 7 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 302 8 Test test NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 302 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 302 10 Stryker Stryker NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 302 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 302 12 Theory Theory NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 302 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 302 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 303 1 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 303 2 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 303 3 Quarterly Quarterly NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 303 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 304 1 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 304 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 304 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 304 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 304 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 304 6 146–157 146–157 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 304 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 305 1 doi:10.2307/2786932 doi:10.2307/2786932 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 305 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 306 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 306 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 306 3 2786932 2786932 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 306 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 307 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 307 2 Callero Callero NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 307 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 307 4 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 307 5 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 307 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 307 7 1985 1985 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 307 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 307 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 308 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 308 2 Role Role NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 308 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 308 4 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 308 5 Salience Salience NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 308 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 308 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 309 1 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 309 2 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 309 3 Quarterly Quarterly NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 309 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 310 1 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 310 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 310 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 310 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 310 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 310 6 203–215 203–215 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 310 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 311 1 doi:10.2307/3033681 doi:10.2307/3033681 FW en-wikipedia-org-9886 311 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 312 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 312 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 312 3 3033681 3033681 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 312 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 313 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 313 2 Tajfel Tajfel NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 313 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 313 4 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 313 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 313 6 1959 1959 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 313 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 313 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 314 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 314 2 Quantitative quantitative JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 314 3 Judgement judgement NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 314 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 314 5 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 314 6 Perception Perception NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 314 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 314 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 315 1 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 315 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 315 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 315 4 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 315 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 316 1 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 316 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 316 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 316 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 316 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 316 6 16–29 16–29 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 316 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 317 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 317 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 317 3 j.2044 j.2044 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 317 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 317 5 8295.1959.tb00677.x 8295.1959.tb00677.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 317 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 318 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 318 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 318 3 13628966 13628966 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 318 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 319 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 319 2 Larson Larson NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 319 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 319 4 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 319 5 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 319 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 319 7 Foster Foster NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 319 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 319 9 Fishman Fishman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 319 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 319 11 Pennie Pennie NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 319 12 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 319 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 319 14 Keys Keys NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 319 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 319 16 Christopher Christopher NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 319 17 B. B. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 320 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 320 2 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 320 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 320 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 321 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 321 2 Discussion discussion NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 321 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 321 4 shared shared JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 321 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 321 6 unshared unshared JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 321 7 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 321 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 321 9 decision decision NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 321 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 321 11 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 321 12 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 321 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 321 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 322 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 322 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 322 3 Personality Personality NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 322 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 322 5 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 322 6 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 322 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 323 1 67 67 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 323 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 323 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 323 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 323 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 323 6 446–461 446–461 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 323 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 324 1 doi:10.1037/0022 doi:10.1037/0022 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 324 2 - - : en-wikipedia-org-9886 324 3 3514.67.3.446 3514.67.3.446 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 324 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 325 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 325 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 325 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 325 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 325 5 Rudman Rudman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 325 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 325 7 Laurie Laurie NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 325 8 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 325 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 325 10 Goodwin Goodwin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 325 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 325 12 Stephanie Stephanie NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 325 13 A. a. NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 326 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 326 2 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 326 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 326 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 2 Gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 3 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 5 automatic automatic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 8 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 9 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 11 Why why WRB en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 12 do do VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 13 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 14 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 15 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 16 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 17 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 18 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 19 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 20 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 21 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-9886 327 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 328 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 328 2 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 328 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 328 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 329 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 329 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 329 3 Personality Personality NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 329 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 329 5 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 329 6 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 329 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 330 1 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 330 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 330 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 330 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 330 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 330 6 494–509 494–509 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 330 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 331 1 doi:10.1037/0022 doi:10.1037/0022 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 331 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 331 3 3514.87.4.494 3514.87.4.494 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 331 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 332 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 332 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 332 3 15491274 15491274 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 332 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 333 1 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 333 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 333 3 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 333 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 333 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 333 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 333 7 original original NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 333 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 333 9 July July NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 333 10 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 333 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 333 12 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 333 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 334 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 334 2 September September NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 334 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 334 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 334 5 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 334 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 335 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 335 2 Van Van NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 335 3 Vugt Vugt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 335 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 335 5 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 335 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 335 7 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 335 8 Cremer Cremer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 335 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 335 10 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 335 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 335 12 Janssen Janssen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 335 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 335 14 Dirk Dirk NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 335 15 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 335 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 335 17 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 335 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 335 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 336 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 336 2 Gender gender NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 336 3 differences difference NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 336 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 336 5 cooperation cooperation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 336 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 336 7 competition competition NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 336 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 336 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 336 10 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 336 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 336 12 warrior warrior NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 336 13 hypothesis hypothesis NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 336 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 336 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 337 1 Psychological Psychological NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 337 2 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 337 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 338 1 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 338 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 338 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 338 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 338 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 338 6 19–23 19–23 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 338 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 339 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 339 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 339 3 j.1467 j.1467 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 339 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 339 5 9280.2007.01842.x 9280.2007.01842.x NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 339 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 340 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 340 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 340 3 17362372 17362372 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 340 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 341 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 341 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 341 3 3566509 3566509 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 341 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 342 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 342 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 342 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 342 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 342 5 Fershtman Fershtman NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 342 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 342 7 Chaim Chaim NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 342 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 342 9 Gneezy Gneezy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 342 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 342 11 Uri Uri NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 342 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 342 13 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 342 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 342 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 343 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 343 2 Discrimination discrimination NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 343 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 343 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 343 5 Segmented Segmented NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 343 6 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 343 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 343 8 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 343 9 Experimental Experimental NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 343 10 Approach Approach NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 343 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 343 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 344 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 344 2 Quarterly Quarterly NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 344 3 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 344 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 344 5 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 344 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 345 1 116 116 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 345 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 345 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 345 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 345 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 345 6 351–377 351–377 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 345 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 346 1 doi:10.1162/003355301556338 doi:10.1162/003355301556338 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 346 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 347 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 347 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 347 3 10389797 10389797 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 347 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 348 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 348 2 Epstein Epstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 348 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 348 4 Cynthia Cynthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 348 5 Fuchs Fuchs NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 348 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 348 7 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 348 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 348 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 349 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 349 2 Positive positive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 349 3 Effects Effects NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 349 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 349 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 349 6 Multiple Multiple NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 349 7 Negative Negative NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 349 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 349 9 Explaining explain VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 349 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 349 11 Success Success NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 349 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 349 13 Black Black NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 349 14 Professional Professional NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 349 15 Women Women NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 349 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 349 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 350 1 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 350 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 350 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 350 4 Sociology Sociology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 350 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 351 1 78 78 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 351 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 351 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 351 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 351 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 351 6 912–935 912–935 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 351 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 352 1 doi:10.1086/225410 doi:10.1086/225410 FW en-wikipedia-org-9886 352 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 353 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 353 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 353 3 2776611 2776611 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 353 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 6 Fehr Fehr NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 8 Ernst Ernst NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 10 Bernhard Bernhard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 12 Helen Helen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 14 Rockenbach Rockenbach NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 16 Bettina Bettina NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 18 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 354 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 355 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 355 2 Egalitarianism egalitarianism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 355 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 355 4 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 355 5 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 355 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 355 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 355 8 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 355 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 355 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 356 1 Nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 356 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 357 1 454 454 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 357 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 357 3 7208 7208 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 357 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 357 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 357 6 1079–1083 1079–1083 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 357 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 358 1 Bibcode:2008Natur.454.1079F. bibcode:2008natur.454.1079f. NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 359 1 doi:10.1038 doi:10.1038 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 359 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 359 3 nature07155 nature07155 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 359 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 360 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 360 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 360 3 18756249 18756249 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 360 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 361 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 361 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 361 3 4430780 4430780 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 361 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 5 Rand Rand NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 7 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 8 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 10 Pfeiffer Pfeiffer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 12 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 14 Dreber Dreber NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 16 Anna Anna NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 18 Sheketoff Sheketoff NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 20 Rachel Rachel NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 21 W. W. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 22 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 23 Wernerfelt Wernerfelt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 25 Nils Nils NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 26 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 27 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 28 Benkler Benkler NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 30 Yochai Yochai NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 32 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 34 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 36 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 362 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 363 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 363 2 Dynamic dynamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 363 3 remodeling remodeling NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 363 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 363 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 363 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 363 7 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 363 8 bias bias NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 363 9 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 363 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 363 11 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 363 12 presidential presidential JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 363 13 election election NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 363 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 363 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 364 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 364 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 364 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 364 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 364 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 364 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 364 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 364 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 365 1 106 106 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 365 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 365 3 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 365 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 365 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 365 6 6187–6191 6187–6191 ADD en-wikipedia-org-9886 365 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 366 1 Bibcode:2009PNAS bibcode:2009pnas UH en-wikipedia-org-9886 366 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-9886 366 3 106.6187R. 106.6187r. CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 367 1 doi:10.1073 doi:10.1073 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 367 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 367 3 pnas.0811552106 pnas.0811552106 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 367 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 368 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 368 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 368 3 2664153 2664153 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 368 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 369 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 369 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 369 3 19332775 19332775 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 369 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 4 Oeberst Oeberst NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 6 Aileen Aileen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 8 Beck Beck NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 10 Ina Ina NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 12 Matschke Matschke NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 14 Christina Christina NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 16 Ihme Ihme NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 18 Toni Toni NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 19 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 21 Cress Cress NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 23 Ulrike Ulrike NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 25 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 26 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 370 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 371 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 371 2 Collectively collectively RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 371 3 biased biased JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 371 4 representations representation NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 371 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 371 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 371 7 past past NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 371 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 371 9 Ingroup Ingroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 371 10 Bias Bias NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 371 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 371 12 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 371 13 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 371 14 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 371 15 intergroup intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 371 16 conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 371 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 371 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 372 1 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 372 2 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 372 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 372 4 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 372 5 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 372 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 372 7 bjso.12356 bjso.12356 NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 372 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 373 1 doi:10.1111 doi:10.1111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 373 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 373 3 bjso.12356 bjso.12356 NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 373 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 374 1 ISSN issn NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 374 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 374 3 0144 0144 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 374 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 374 5 6665 6665 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 374 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 375 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 375 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 375 3 31788823 31788823 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 375 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 376 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 376 2 Bourhis Bourhis NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 376 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 376 4 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 376 5 Y. Y. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 376 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 376 7 Gagnon Gagnon NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 376 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 376 9 André André NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 376 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 376 11 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 376 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 376 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 377 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 377 2 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 377 3 Orientations Orientations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 377 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 377 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 377 6 Minimal Minimal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 377 7 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 377 8 Paradigm Paradigm NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 377 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 377 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 378 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 378 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 378 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 378 4 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 378 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 378 6 Gaertner Gaertner NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 378 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 378 8 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 378 9 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 379 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 379 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 379 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 379 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 379 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 380 1 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 380 2 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 380 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 380 4 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 380 5 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 380 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 380 7 Intergroup Intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 380 8 Processes Processes NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 380 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 381 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 381 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 381 3 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 381 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 381 5 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 381 6 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 381 7 Ltd. Ltd. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 381 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 381 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 382 1 89–111 89–111 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 382 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 383 1 doi:10.1002/9780470693421.ch5 doi:10.1002/9780470693421.ch5 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 383 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 384 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 384 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 384 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 384 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 384 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 384 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 384 7 470 470 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 384 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 384 9 69342 69342 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 384 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 384 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 384 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 385 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 385 2 Mummendey Mummendey NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 385 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 385 4 Amélie Amélie NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 385 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 385 6 Otten Otten NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 385 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 385 8 Sabine Sabine NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 385 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 385 10 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 385 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 385 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 386 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 386 2 Aversive aversive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 386 3 Discrimination discrimination NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 386 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 386 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 387 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 387 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 387 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 387 4 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 387 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 387 6 Gaertner Gaertner NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 387 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 387 8 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 387 9 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 388 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 388 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 388 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 388 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 388 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 389 1 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 389 2 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 389 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 389 4 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 389 5 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 389 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 389 7 Intergroup Intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 389 8 Processes Processes NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 389 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 390 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 390 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 390 3 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 390 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 390 5 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 390 6 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 390 7 Ltd. Ltd. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 390 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 390 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 391 1 112–132 112–132 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 391 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 392 1 doi:10.1002/9780470693421.ch6 doi:10.1002/9780470693421.ch6 NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 392 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 393 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 393 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 393 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 393 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 393 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 393 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 393 7 470 470 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 393 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 393 9 69342 69342 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 393 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 393 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 393 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 394 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 394 2 Turner Turner NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 394 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 394 4 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 394 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 394 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 394 7 Reynolds Reynolds NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 394 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 394 9 Katherine Katherine NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 394 10 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 395 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 395 2 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 395 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 395 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 396 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 396 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 396 3 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 396 4 Identity Identity NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 396 5 Perspective Perspective NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 396 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 396 7 Intergroup Intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 396 8 Relations Relations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 396 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 396 10 Theories theory NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 396 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 396 12 Themes Themes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 396 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 396 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 396 15 Controversies Controversies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 396 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 396 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 397 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 397 2 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 397 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 397 4 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 397 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 397 6 Gaertner Gaertner NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 397 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 397 8 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 397 9 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 398 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 398 2 eds eds NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 398 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 398 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 398 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 399 1 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 399 2 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 399 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 399 4 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 399 5 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 399 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 399 7 Intergroup Intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 399 8 Processes Processes NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 399 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 400 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 400 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 400 3 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 400 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 400 5 Blackwell Blackwell NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 400 6 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 400 7 Ltd. Ltd. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 400 8 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 400 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 401 1 133–152 133–152 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 401 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 402 1 doi:10.1002/9780470693421.ch7 doi:10.1002/9780470693421.ch7 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 402 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 403 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 403 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 403 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 403 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 403 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 403 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 403 7 470 470 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 403 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 403 9 69342 69342 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 403 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 403 11 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 403 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 404 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 404 2 Struch Struch NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 404 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 404 4 Naomi Naomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 404 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 404 6 Schwartz Schwartz NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 404 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 404 8 Shalom Shalom NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 404 9 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 404 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 404 11 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 404 12 1989 1989 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 404 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 404 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 405 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 405 2 Intergroup Intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 405 3 Aggression Aggression NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 405 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 405 5 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-9886 405 6 Predictors Predictors NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 405 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 405 8 Distinctness distinctness NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 405 9 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 405 10 In In NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 405 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 405 12 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 405 13 Bias Bias NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 405 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 405 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 406 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 406 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 406 3 Personality Personality NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 406 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 406 5 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 406 6 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 406 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 407 1 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 407 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 407 3 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 407 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 407 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 407 6 364–373 364–373 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 407 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 408 1 doi:10.1037/0022 doi:10.1037/0022 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 408 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 408 3 3514.56.3.364 3514.56.3.364 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 408 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 409 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 409 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 409 3 2926634 2926634 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 409 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 410 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 410 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 410 3 7328410 7328410 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 410 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 411 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 411 2 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 411 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 411 4 Jeremy Jeremy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 411 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 411 6 February February NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 411 7 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 411 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 411 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 412 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 412 2 Racial racial JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 412 3 Bias Bias NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 412 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 412 5 Police Police NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 412 6 Investigations Investigations NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 412 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 412 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 412 9 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 412 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 412 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 413 1 Working Working NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 413 2 Paper Paper NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 413 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 414 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 414 2 Depew Depew NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 414 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 414 4 Briggs Briggs NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 414 5 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 414 6 Eren Eren NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 414 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 414 8 Ozkan Ozkan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 414 9 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 414 10 Mocan Mocan NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 414 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 414 12 Naci Naci NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 414 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 414 14 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 414 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 414 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 415 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 415 2 Judges judge NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 415 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 415 4 Juveniles Juveniles NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 415 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 415 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 415 7 In In NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 415 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 415 9 Group Group NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 415 10 Bias Bias NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 415 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 415 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 415 13 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 415 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 415 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 416 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 416 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 416 3 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 416 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 416 5 Economics Economics NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 416 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 417 1 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 417 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 417 3 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 417 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 417 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 417 6 209–239 209–239 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 417 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 418 1 doi:10.1086/693822 doi:10.1086/693822 UH en-wikipedia-org-9886 418 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 419 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 419 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 419 3 147631237 147631237 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 419 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 2 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 3 Dreu Dreu NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 4 CK CK NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 6 Shalvi Shalvi NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 7 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 9 Greer Greer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 10 LL LL NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 12 Van Van NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 13 Kleef Kleef NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 14 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 16 Handgraaf Handgraaf NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 17 MJ MJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 19 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 420 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 421 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 421 2 Oxytocin oxytocin JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 421 3 motivates motivate NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 421 4 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 421 5 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 421 6 cooperation cooperation NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 421 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 421 8 intergroup intergroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 421 9 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 421 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 421 11 protect protect VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 421 12 vulnerable vulnerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 421 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 421 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 421 15 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 421 16 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 421 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 421 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 422 1 PLOS PLOS NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 422 2 ONE one CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 422 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 423 1 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 423 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 423 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 423 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 423 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 423 6 e46751 e46751 NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 423 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 424 1 Bibcode:2012PLoSO bibcode:2012ploso UH en-wikipedia-org-9886 424 2 ... ... NFP en-wikipedia-org-9886 424 3 746751D. 746751d. CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 425 1 doi:10.1371 doi:10.1371 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 425 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 425 3 journal.pone.0046751 journal.pone.0046751 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 425 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 426 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 426 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 426 3 3492361 3492361 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 426 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 427 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 427 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 427 3 23144787 23144787 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 427 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 2 Stallen Stallen NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 3 M M NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 5 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 6 Dreu Dreu NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 7 CK CK NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 9 Shalvi Shalvi NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 10 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 12 Smidts Smidts NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 13 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 15 Sanfey Sanfey NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 16 AG AG NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 18 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 428 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 429 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 429 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 429 3 herding herding NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 429 4 hormone hormone NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 429 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 429 6 oxytocin oxytocin JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 429 7 stimulates stimulate NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 429 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 429 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 429 10 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 429 11 conformity conformity NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 429 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 429 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 430 1 Psychological Psychological NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 430 2 Science Science NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 430 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 431 1 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 431 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 431 3 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 431 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 431 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 431 6 1288–92 1288–92 ADD en-wikipedia-org-9886 431 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 432 1 doi:10.1177/0956797612446026 doi:10.1177/0956797612446026 NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 432 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 433 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 433 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 433 3 22991128 22991128 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 433 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 434 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 434 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 434 3 16255677 16255677 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 434 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 2 De De NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 3 Dreu Dreu NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 4 CK CK NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 6 Greer Greer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 7 LL LL NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 9 Van Van NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 10 Kleef Kleef NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 11 GA GA NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 13 Shalvi Shalvi NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 14 S S NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 16 Handgraaf Handgraaf NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 17 MJ MJ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 19 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 20 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 435 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 436 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 436 2 Oxytocin oxytocin NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 436 3 promotes promote VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 436 4 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 436 5 ethnocentrism ethnocentrism NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 436 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 436 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 437 1 Proceedings proceeding NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 437 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 437 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 437 4 National National NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 437 5 Academy Academy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 437 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 437 7 Sciences Sciences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 437 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 437 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 437 10 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 437 11 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 437 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 437 13 America America NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 437 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 438 1 108 108 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 438 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 438 3 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 438 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 438 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 438 6 1262–6 1262–6 LS en-wikipedia-org-9886 438 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 439 1 Bibcode:2011PNAS bibcode:2011pnas UH en-wikipedia-org-9886 439 2 .. .. NFP en-wikipedia-org-9886 439 3 108.1262D. 108.1262D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 440 1 doi:10.1073 doi:10.1073 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 440 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 440 3 pnas.1015316108 pnas.1015316108 NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 440 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 441 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 441 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 441 3 3029708 3029708 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 441 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 442 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 442 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 442 3 21220339 21220339 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 442 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 2 Ma Ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 3 X X NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 5 Luo Luo NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 6 L L NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 8 Geng Geng NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 9 Y Y NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 11 Zhao Zhao NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 12 W W NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 14 Zhang Zhang NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 15 Q Q NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 17 Kendrick Kendrick NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 18 KM KM NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 19 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 20 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 443 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 2 Oxytocin oxytocin JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 3 increases increase NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 4 liking like VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 7 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 9 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 11 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 12 flag flag NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 13 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 14 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 16 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 17 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 18 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 19 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 20 consumer consumer NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 21 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 444 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 445 1 Frontiers frontier NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 445 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 445 3 Behavioral Behavioral NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 445 4 Neuroscience Neuroscience NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 445 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 446 1 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 446 2 : : SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 446 3 266 266 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 446 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 446 5 doi:10.3389 doi:10.3389 NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 446 6 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 446 7 fnbeh.2014.00266 fnbeh.2014.00266 NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 446 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 447 1 PMC PMC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 447 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 447 3 4122242 4122242 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 447 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 448 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 448 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 448 3 25140135 25140135 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 448 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 5 d d NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 6 Ma Ma NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 8 Kellams Kellams NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 10 Christine Christine NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 12 Spencer Spencer NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 14 Rodgers Rodgers NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 16 Julie Julie NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 18 Peng Peng NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 20 Kaiping Kaiping NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 22 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 449 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 450 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 450 2 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 450 3 Am be VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 450 4 Against against IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 450 5 Us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 450 6 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-9886 451 1 Unpacking unpack VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 451 2 Cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 451 3 Differences Differences NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 451 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 451 5 Ingroup Ingroup NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 451 6 Favoritism Favoritism NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 451 7 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 451 8 Dialecticism Dialecticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 451 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 451 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 452 1 Personality Personality NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 452 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 452 3 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 452 4 Psychology Psychology NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 452 5 Bulletin Bulletin NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 452 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 453 1 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 453 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 453 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 453 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 453 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 453 6 15–27 15–27 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 453 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 454 1 doi:10.1177/0146167210388193 doi:10.1177/0146167210388193 FW en-wikipedia-org-9886 454 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 455 1 PMID PMID NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 455 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 455 3 21084525 21084525 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 455 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 456 1 S2CID S2CID NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 456 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 456 3 18906927 18906927 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 456 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 4 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=In-group_favoritism&oldid=991967481 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=In-group_favoritism&oldid=991967481 NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 6 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 8 Cognitive cognitive JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 9 biases bias NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 10 Group group NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 11 processes process VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 12 Barriers barrier NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 14 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 15 thinking thinking NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 16 Sociological sociological JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 17 terminology terminology NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 18 Error Error NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 19 Prejudice prejudice NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 21 discrimination discrimination NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 22 Appeals Appeals NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 24 emotion emotion VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 25 Narcissism Narcissism NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 26 Hidden hidden JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 27 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 29 CS1 cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 30 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 32 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 33 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 34 : : : en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 35 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 36 list list VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 37 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 38 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 39 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 40 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 41 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 42 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 43 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 44 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 45 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 46 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 48 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 49 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 50 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 51 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 52 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 53 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 54 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 55 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 56 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 57 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 58 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 59 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 60 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 61 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 62 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 63 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 64 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 65 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 66 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 67 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 68 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 69 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 70 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 71 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 72 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 73 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 74 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 75 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 76 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 77 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 78 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 79 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 80 Read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 81 Edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 82 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 83 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 84 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 85 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 86 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 87 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 88 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 89 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 90 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 91 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 92 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 93 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 94 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 95 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 96 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 97 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 98 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 99 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 100 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 101 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 102 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 103 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 104 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 105 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 106 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 107 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 108 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 109 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 110 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 111 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 112 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 113 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 114 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 115 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 116 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 117 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 118 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 119 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 120 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 121 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 122 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 123 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 124 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 125 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 126 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 127 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 128 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 129 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 130 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 131 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 132 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 133 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 134 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 135 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 136 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 137 Languages Languages NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 138 Afrikaans Afrikaans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 139 العربية العربية NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 140 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 141 فارسی فارسی VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 142 Português Português NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 143 Русский Русский NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 144 Українська Українська NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 145 Tiếng Tiếng NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 146 Việt Việt NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 147 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 148 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 149 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 150 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 151 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 152 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 153 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 154 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 155 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 156 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 157 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 158 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 159 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 160 19:44 19:44 CD en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 161   _SP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 162 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 163 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 164 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-9886 457 165 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 458 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 458 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 458 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 458 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 458 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 458 6 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 458 7 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 458 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 458 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-9886 458 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 458 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 458 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-9886 458 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 458 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 458 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-9886 458 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-9886 458 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 459 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 459 2 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-9886 459 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 459 4 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 459 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 459 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-9886 459 7 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-9886 459 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 459 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 459 10 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-9886 459 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 459 12 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 459 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-9886 459 14 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 459 15 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 459 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 460 1 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 460 2 ® ® NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 460 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-9886 460 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 460 5 registered registered JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 460 6 trademark trademark NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 460 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 460 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 460 9 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 460 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 460 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 460 12 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 460 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-9886 460 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-9886 460 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 460 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 460 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-9886 460 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 460 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-9886 461 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 461 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 461 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-9886 461 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 461 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-9886 461 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 461 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 461 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 461 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-9886 461 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 461 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 461 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-9886 461 13 statement statement NN