Hostility - Wikipedia Hostility From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Form of emotionally charged angry behavior "Hostile" redirects here. For other uses, see Hostile (disambiguation). Hostility Two people in a heated argument in New York City Specialty Psychiatry Part of a series on Emotions Acceptance Affection Amusement Anger Angst Anguish Annoyance Anticipation Anxiety Apathy Arousal Awe Boredom Confidence Contempt Contentment Courage Curiosity Depression Desire Disappointment Disgust Distrust Doubt Ecstasy Embarrassment Empathy Enthusiasm Envy Euphoria Faith Fear Frustration Gratification Gratitude Greed Grief Guilt Happiness Hatred Hope Horror Hostility Humiliation Interest Jealousy Joy Kindness Loneliness Love Lust Nostalgia Outrage Panic Passion Pity Pleasure Pride Rage Regret Rejection Remorse Resentment Sadness Self-pity Shame Shock Shyness Social connection Sorrow Suffering Surprise Trust Wonder Worry v t e Hostility is seen as form of emotionally charged aggressive behavior. In everyday speech it is more commonly used as a synonym for anger and aggression. It appears in several psychological theories. For instance it is a facet of neuroticism in the NEO PI, and forms part of personal construct psychology, developed by George Kelly. Contents 1 Hostility/hospitality 2 Us/them 3 Non-verbal indicators 4 Kelly's model 5 See also 6 References 7 External links Hostility/hospitality[edit] For hunter gatherers, every stranger from outside the small tribal group was a potential source of hostility.[1] Similarly, in archaic Greece, every community was in a state of hostility, latent or overt, with every other community - something only gradually tempered by the rights and duties of hospitality.[2] Tensions between the two poles of hostility and hospitality remain a potent force in the 21st century world.[3] Us/them[edit] Robert Sapolsky argues that the tendency to form in-groups and out-groups of Us and Them, and to direct hostility at the latter, is inherent in humans.[4] He also explores the possibility raised by Samuel Bowles that intra-group hostility is reduced when greater hostility is directed at Thems,[5] something exploited by insecure leaders when they mobilise external conflicts so as to reduce in-group hostility towards themselves.[6] Non-verbal indicators[edit] Automatic mental functioning suggests that among universal human indicators of hostility are the grinding or gnashing of teeth, the clenching and shaking of fists, and grimacing.[7] Desmond Morris would add stamping and thumping.[8] The Haka represents a ritualised set of such non-verbal signs of hostility.[9] Kelly's model[edit] In psychological terms, George Kelly considered hostility as the attempt to extort validating evidence from the environment to confirm types of social prediction, constructs, that have failed.[10] Instead of reconstructing their constructs to meet disconfirmations with better predictions, the hostile person attempts to force or coerce the world to fit their view, even if this is a forlorn hope, and even if it entails emotional expenditure and/or harm to self or others.[11] In this sense hostility is a form of psychological extortion - an attempt to force reality to produce the desired feedback,[12] even by acting out in bullying by individuals and groups in various social contexts, in order that preconceptions become ever more widely validated. Kelly's theory of cognitive hostility thus forms a parallel to Leon Festinger's view that there is an inherent impulse to reduce cognitive dissonance.[13] While challenging reality can be a useful part of life, and persistence in the face of failure can be a valuable trait (for instance in invention or discovery[citation needed]), in the case of hostility it is argued that evidence is not being accurately assessed but rather forced into a Procrustean mould in order to maintain one's belief systems and avoid having one's identity challenged.[14] Instead it is claimed that hostility shows evidence of suppression or denial, and is "deleted" from awareness - unfavorable evidence which might suggest that a prior belief is flawed is to various degrees ignored and willfully avoided.[15] See also[edit] Antisocial personality disorder Death drive Narcissism of small differences Righteous indignation References[edit] ^ J Diamond, The World Until Yesterday (Penguin 2013) p. 50 and p. 290 ^ M I Finley, The World of Odysseus (Pelican 1967) p. 113-4 and p. 116-7 ^ K Thorpe ed., Hospitality and Hostility in the Multilingual Global Village (2014) p. 2-7 ^ R Sapolsky, Behave (London 2018) Ch 11 384-424 ^ R Sapolsky, Behave (London 2018) p. 45 ^ E Smith, Social Psychology (Hove 2007) p. 493 ^ D Maclean, The Triune Brain in Evolution (London 1990) p. 460 ^ D Morris, The Naked Ape Trilogy (London 1988) p. 109 ^ R Sapolsky, Behave (London 2018) p. 17 ^ D Lester, Theories of Personality (1995) p. 52 ^ D Lester, Theories of Personality (1995) p. 52-4 ^ G Claxton, Live and Learn (Bristol 1984) p. 132 and p. 250 ^ D Lester, Theories of Personality (1995) p. 76 ^ D Lester, Theories of Personality (1995) p. 52-3 ^ G Claxton, Live and Learn (Bristol 1984) p. 14 and p. 19 External links[edit] Quotations related to Hostility at Wikiquote The dictionary definition of hostility at Wiktionary Classification D ICD-10: R45.4 MeSH: D006791 v t e Emotions (list) Emotions Acceptance Adoration Aesthetic emotions Affection Agitation Agony Amusement Anger Angst Anguish Annoyance Anticipation Anxiety Apathy Arousal Attraction Awe Boredom Calmness Compassion Confidence Contempt Contentment Courage Cruelty Curiosity Defeat Depression Desire Despair Disappointment Disgust Distrust Ecstasy Embarrassment Vicarious Empathy Enthrallment Enthusiasm Envy Euphoria Excitement Fear Flow (psychology) Frustration Gratification Gratitude Greed Grief Guilt Happiness Hatred Hiraeth Homesickness Hope Horror Hostility Humiliation Hygge Hysteria Indulgence Infatuation Insecurity Inspiration Interest Irritation Isolation Jealousy Joy Kindness Loneliness Longing Love Limerence Lust Mono no aware Neglect Nostalgia Outrage Panic Passion Pity Self-pity Pleasure Pride Grandiosity Hubris Insult Vanity Rage Regret Social connection Rejection Remorse Resentment Sadness Melancholy Saudade Schadenfreude Sehnsucht Self-confidence Sentimentality Shame Shock Shyness Sorrow Spite Stress Suffering Surprise Sympathy Tenseness Trust Wonder Worry World views Cynicism Defeatism Nihilism Optimism Pessimism Reclusion Weltschmerz Related Affect consciousness in education measures in psychology Affective computing forecasting neuroscience science spectrum Affectivity positive negative Appeal to emotion Emotion and art and memory and music and sex classification evolution expressed functional accounts group homeostatic perception recognition in conversation in animals regulation interpersonal work Emotional aperture bias blackmail competence conflict contagion detachment dysregulation eating exhaustion expression intelligence and bullying intimacy isolation lability labor lateralization literacy prosody reasoning responsivity security selection symbiosis well-being Emotionality bounded Emotions and culture in decision-making in the workplace in virtual communication history moral self-conscious social social sharing sociology Feeling Gender and emotional expression Group affective tone Interactions between the emotional and executive brain systems Meta-emotion Pathognomy Pathos Social emotional development Stoic passions Theory affect appraisal discrete emotion somatic marker constructed emotion v t e Symptoms and signs relating to perception, emotion and behaviour Cognition Confusion Delirium Psychosis Delusion Amnesia Anterograde amnesia Retrograde amnesia Convulsion Dizziness Disequilibrium Presyncope/Lightheadedness Vertigo Emotion Anger Anxiety Depression Fear Paranoia Hostility Irritability Suicidal ideation Behavior Verbosity Russell's sign Perception Sensory processing disorder Hallucination (Auditory hallucination) Smell Anosmia Hyposmia Dysosmia Parosmia Phantosmia Hyperosmia Synesthesia Taste Ageusia Hypogeusia Dysgeusia Hypergeusia Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hostility&oldid=964581974" Categories: Emotions Rage (emotion) Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata All articles with 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