id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 1 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 3 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 4 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 5 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 6 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 9 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 10 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 11 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 13 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 14 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 16 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 17 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 18 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 19 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 20 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 21 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 22 Tokharistan Tokharistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 23 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 24 merged merge VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 25 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 26 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 27 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 1 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 2 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 2 2 Discuss Discuss NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 2 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 2 4 Proposed propose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 2 5 since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 2 6 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 2 7 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 2 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 3 1 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 3 2 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 3 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 3 4 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 3 5 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 3 6 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 3 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 3 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 3 9 confused confuse VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 3 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 3 11 Bacteria Bacteria NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 3 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 1 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 2 Balkh Balkh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 3 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 6 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 7 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 9 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 10 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 12 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 14 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 15 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 17 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 19 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 20 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 21 2500/2000 2500/2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 22 BC–900/1000 bc–900/1000 NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 23 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 24 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 25 Approximate Approximate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 26 location location NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 29 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 31 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 32 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 33 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 35 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 36 Capital Capital NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 37 Bactra Bactra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 38 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 39 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 40 Antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 41 • • NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 42   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 43 Established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 44 2500/2000 2500/2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 45 BC bc NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 46 • • NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 47   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 48 Disestablished disestablish VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 49 900/1000 900/1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 50 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 51 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 52 /ˈbæktriə/ /ˈbæktriə/ . en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 53 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 54 Bactrian bactrian NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 55 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 56 βαχλο βαχλο NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 58 Bakhlo Bakhlo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 59 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 61 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 62 Bactriana Bactriana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 63 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 64 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 65 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 66 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 67 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 68 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 69 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 70 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 4 71 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 1 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 2 proper proper JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 4 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 7 Hindu Hindu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 8 Kush Kush NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 9 mountain mountain NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 10 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 12 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 15 Amu Amu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 16 Darya Darya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 17 river river NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 19 covering cover VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 21 flat flat JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 22 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 23 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 24 straddles straddle VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 25 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 27 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 28 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 5 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 1 More more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 2 broadly broadly RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 3 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 6 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 7 north north RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 10 Hindu Hindu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 11 Kush Kush NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 13 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 16 Pamirs Pamirs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 18 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 21 Tian Tian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 22 Shan Shan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 24 covering cover VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 25 modern modern NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 26 -day -day -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 27 Tajikistan Tajikistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 29 Uzbekistan Uzbekistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 30 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 31 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 35 Amu Amu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 36 Darya Darya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 37 flowing flow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 38 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 39 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 41 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 6 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 1 Called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 3 beautiful beautiful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 4 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 6 crowned crown VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 8 flags flag NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 12 Avesta Avesta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 15 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 17 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 20 sixteen sixteen CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 21 perfect perfect JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 22 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 23 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 24 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 26 supreme supreme NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 27 deity deity NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 28 Ahura Ahura NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 29 Mazda Mazda NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 30 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 31 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 7 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 1 One one CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 4 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 5 centres centre NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 7 Zoroastrianism zoroastrianism NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 9 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 12 legendary legendary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 13 Kayanian kayanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 14 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 16 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 18 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 20 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 23 Behistun Behistun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 24 Inscription Inscription NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 26 Darius Darius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 28 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 30 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 33 satrapies satrapie NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 36 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 37 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 38 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 39 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 40 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 42 special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 43 satrapy satrapy NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 45 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 46 ruled rule VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 47 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 49 crown crown NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 50 prince prince NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 51 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 52 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 53 intended intended JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 54 heir heir NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 8 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 1 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 3 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 5 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 6 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 7 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 9 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 10 invaders invader NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 11 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 12 fall fall NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 15 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 16 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 19 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 20 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 21 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 23 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 24 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 25 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 27 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 29 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 9 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 10 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 10 2 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 10 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 10 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 10 5 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 10 6 conqueror conqueror NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 10 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 10 8 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 10 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 10 10 annexed annex VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 10 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 10 12 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 10 13 general general NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 10 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 10 15 Seleucus Seleucus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 10 16 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 4 Seleucids seleucid NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 5 lost lose VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 7 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 8 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 9 declaration declaration NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 11 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 14 satrap satrap NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 16 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 18 Diodotus Diodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 19 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 21 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 22 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 23 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 26 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 28 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 31 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 32 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 34 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 35 Kingdoms Kingdoms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 11 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 3 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 5 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 7 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 9 conquered conquer VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 12 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 13 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 14 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 19 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 20 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 21 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 24 Kushan Kushan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 25 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 27 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 30 Yuezhi Yuezhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 33 Bactrian bactrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 34 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 12 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 1 Shapur Shapur NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 2 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 5 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 6 Sasanian sasanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 7 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 9 Kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 11 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 13 conquered conquer VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 14 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 15 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 18 Kushan Kushan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 19 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 22 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 23 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 27 Kushano Kushano NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 29 Sasanian Sasanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 30 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 31 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 32 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 13 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 14 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 14 2 Sasanians Sasanians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 14 3 lost lose VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 14 4 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 14 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 14 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 14 7 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 14 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 14 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 14 10 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 14 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 14 12 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 14 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 14 14 reconquered reconquer VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 14 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 14 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 14 17 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 14 18 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 14 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 15 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 15 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 15 3 Muslim muslim JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 15 4 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 15 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 15 6 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 15 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 15 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 15 9 7th 7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 15 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 15 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 15 12 Islamization Islamization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 15 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 15 14 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 15 15 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 15 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 1 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 3 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 6 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 7 Renaissance Renaissance NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 10 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 12 9th 9th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 13 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 16 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 17 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 19 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 20 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 21 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 22 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 23 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 24 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 26 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 27 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 16 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 2 Samanid Samanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 5 formed form VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 7 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 8 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 11 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 13 Saman Saman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 14 Khuda Khuda NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 17 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 19 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 21 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 22 started start VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 23 spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 25 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 26 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 29 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 31 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 33 Bactrian bactrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 34 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 17 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 1 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 3 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 4 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 5 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 10 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 11 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 13 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 15 surroundings surrounding NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 16 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 18 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 20 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 21 medieval medieval JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 22 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 18 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 19 1 Zoroastrianism zoroastrianism NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 19 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 19 3 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 19 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 19 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 19 6 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 19 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 19 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 19 9 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 19 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 19 11 Bactrians Bactrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 19 12 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 19 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 19 14 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 19 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 19 16 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 19 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 1 Contents content NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 2 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 3 Name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 4 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 5 Geography geography NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 6 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 7 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 8 3.1 3.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 9 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 10 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 11 3.2 3.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 12 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 13 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 14 3.3 3.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 15 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 16 3.4 3.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 17 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 18 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 19 3.5 3.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 20 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 22 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 23 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 24 3.6 3.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 25 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 27 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 28 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 29 3.7 3.7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 30 Daxia Daxia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 32 Tukhara Tukhara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 34 Tokharistan Tokharistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 35 3.7.1 3.7.1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 36 Tokharistan Tokharistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 37 3.8 3.8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 38 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 40 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 41 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 42 Bactrian bactrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 43 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 44 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 45 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 46 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 47 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 48 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 49 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 50 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 51 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 52 Notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 53 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 54 Sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 55 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 56 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 57 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 58 Name[edit name[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 59 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 60 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 61 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 62 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 63 Hindu Hindu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 64 Kush Kush NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 65 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 66 south south NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 67 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 68 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 69 Pamirs Pamirs NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 70 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 71 east east NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 72 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 73 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 74 south south JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 75 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 76 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 77 Tianshan Tianshan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 78 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 79 north north NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 80 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 20 81 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 21 1 Ferghana Ferghana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 21 2 Valley Valley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 21 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 21 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 21 5 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 21 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3141 21 7 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 21 8 Tarim Tarim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 21 9 Basin Basin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 21 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 21 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 21 12 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 21 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 2 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 3 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 4 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 6 derived derive VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 7 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 9 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 10 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 12 Βακτριανή βακτριανή JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 14 Romanized romanize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 16 Baktriani Baktriani NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 20 Hellenized hellenized JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 21 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 24 Bactrian bactrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 25 endonym endonym NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 26 βαχλο βαχλο NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 28 Romanized romanize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 29 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 30 Bakhlo Bakhlo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 22 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 1 Analogous analogous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 2 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 3 include include VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 4 Avestan Avestan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 5 Bakhdi Bakhdi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 7 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 8 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 9 Bāxtriš Bāxtriš NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 11 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 12 1 1 LS en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 14 Middle middle JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 15 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 16 Baxl Baxl NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 18 New new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 19 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 20 بلخ بلخ NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 22 Romanized romanize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 24 Balx Balx NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 27 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 28 大夏 大夏 XX en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 30 pinyin pinyin NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 31 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 32 Dàxià Dàxià NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 35 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 36 Bactriana Bactriana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 38 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 39 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 40 बाह्लीक बाह्लीक NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 42 Romanized romanize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 43 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 44 Bāhlīka Bāhlīka NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 45 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 23 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 1 Geography[edit geography[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 3 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 5 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 7 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 8 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 11 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 12 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 13 comprises comprise VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 14 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 16 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 17 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 18 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 20 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 22 Uzbekistan Uzbekistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 24 Tajikistan Tajikistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 24 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 25 1 To to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 25 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 25 3 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 25 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 25 5 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 25 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 25 7 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 25 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 25 9 bordered border VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 25 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 25 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 25 12 Hindu Hindu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 25 13 Kush Kush NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 25 14 mountain mountain NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 25 15 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 25 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 2 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 3 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 4 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 7 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 9 bordered border VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 12 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 13 Carmanian carmanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 14 desert desert NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 18 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 21 bound bind VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 24 Oxus Oxus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 25 river river NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 26 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 2 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 4 noted note VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 6 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 7 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 9 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 10 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 12 produce produce VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 13 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 14 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 15 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 16 agricultural agricultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 17 products product NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 21 exception exception NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 23 olives olive NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 27 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 2 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 4 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 5 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 6 Pierre Pierre NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 7 Leriche Leriche NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 9 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 12 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 15 Bactra Bactra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 16 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 17 Balkh Balkh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 21 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 23 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 24 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 27 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 28 south south RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 31 Āmū Āmū NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 32 Daryā Daryā NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 34 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 35 string string NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 37 agricultural agricultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 38 oases oasis NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 39 dependent dependent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 40 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 41 water water NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 42 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 43 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 45 rivers river NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 47 Balḵ Balḵ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 49 Bactra Bactra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 51 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 52 Balkh Balkh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 53 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 55 Tashkurgan Tashkurgan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 57 Kondūz Kondūz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 58 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 59 Kunduz Kunduz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 60 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 62 Sar Sar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 63 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 64 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 65 Pol Pol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 67 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 68 Šīrīn Šīrīn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 69 Tagāō Tagāō NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 70 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 71 Shirin Shirin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 72 Tagab Tagab NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 73 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 28 74 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 29 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 29 2 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 29 3 played play VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 29 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 29 5 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 29 6 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 29 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 29 8 Central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 29 9 Asian asian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 29 10 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 29 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 30 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 30 2 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 30 3 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 30 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 30 5 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 30 6 limits limit NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 30 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 30 8 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 30 9 stretched stretch VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 30 10 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 30 11 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 30 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 30 13 geographic geographic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 30 14 frame frame NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 30 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 30 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 30 17 Bactrian bactrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 30 18 plain plain NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 30 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 31 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 31 2 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 31 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 31 4 History[edit History[edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 31 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 31 6 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 31 7 Age[edit age[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 31 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 31 9 Goddesses Goddesses NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 31 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 31 11 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 31 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 31 13 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 31 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 31 15 2000–1800 2000–1800 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 31 16 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 31 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 32 1 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 32 2 bowl bowl NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 32 3 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 32 4 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 32 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 32 6 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 32 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 32 8 3rd–2nd 3rd–2nd CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 32 9 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 32 10 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 32 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 2 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 3 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 4 Margiana Margiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 5 Archaeological Archaeological NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 6 Complex Complex NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 8 BMAC BMAC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 10 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 11 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 14 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 15 Oxus Oxus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 16 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 21 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 22 archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 23 designation designation NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 26 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 27 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 28 archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 29 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 31 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 32 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 34 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 36 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 37 2200–1700 2200–1700 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 38 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 40 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 42 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 43 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 44 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 45 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 46 Turkmenistan Turkmenistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 48 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 49 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 51 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 52 Uzbekistan Uzbekistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 53 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 54 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 55 Tajikistan Tajikistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 57 centred centre VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 58 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 60 upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 61 Amu Amu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 62 Darya Darya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 63 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 64 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 65 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 67 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 68 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 69 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 70 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 71 Oxus Oxus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 72 River River NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 73 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 74 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 75 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 76 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 77 covering cover VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 78 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 79 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 33 80 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 34 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 34 2 sites site NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 34 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 34 4 discovered discover VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 34 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 34 6 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 34 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 34 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 34 9 Soviet soviet JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 34 10 archaeologist archaeologist NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 34 11 Viktor Viktor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 34 12 Sarianidi Sarianidi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 34 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 34 14 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 34 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 34 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 1 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 4 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 5 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 7 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 8 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 9 Bāxtriš Bāxtriš NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 11 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 12 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 13 * * NFP en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 14 Bāxçiš)[4 bāxçiš)[4 IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 17 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 19 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 20 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 21 Bactra Bactra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 23 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 24 Balkh Balkh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 28 what what WP en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 29 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 30 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 31 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 32 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 35 Margiana Margiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 36 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 38 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 39 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 40 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 42 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 43 satrapy satrapy NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 45 Margu Margu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 48 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 50 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 51 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 52 Merv Merv NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 54 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 55 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 56 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 57 Turkmenistan Turkmenistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 35 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 2 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 3 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 4 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 5 Ctesias Ctesias NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 7 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 8 400 400 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 9 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 11 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 13 Diodorus Diodorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 14 Siculus Siculus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 17 alleged allege VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 18 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 20 legendary legendary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 21 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 22 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 23 Ninus Ninus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 24 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 25 defeated defeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 27 Bactrian bactrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 28 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 29 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 30 Oxyartes Oxyartes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 32 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 33 2140 2140 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 34 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 36 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 37 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 38 1000 1000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 39 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 40 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 42 Trojan Trojan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 43 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 36 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 1 Since since IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 3 decipherment decipherment NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 5 cuneiform cuneiform NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 6 script script NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 9 19th 19th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 12 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 15 enabled enable VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 16 actual actual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 17 Assyrian assyrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 18 records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 21 read read VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 23 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 24 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 25 ascribed ascribe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 26 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 27 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 30 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 31 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 37 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 38 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 38 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 38 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 38 4 writers,[who writers,[who NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 38 5 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3141 38 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 1 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 4 homeland homeland NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 6 Airyanem Airyanem NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 7 Vaejah Vaejah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 10 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 12 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 14 moved move VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 15 south south JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 17 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 18 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 19 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 22 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 24 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 27 Indian indian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 28 subcontinent subcontinent NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 29 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 30 2500–2000 2500–2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 31 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 39 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 40 1 Later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 40 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 40 3 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 40 4 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 40 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 40 6 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 40 7 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 40 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 40 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 40 10 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 40 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 40 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 40 13 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 40 14 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 40 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 7 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 8 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 10 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 12 fertile fertile JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 13 soil soil NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 16 mountainous mountainous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 17 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 18 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 19 surrounded surround VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 22 Turan Turan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 23 Depression Depression NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 25 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 27 prophet prophet NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 28 Zoroaster Zoroaster NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 29 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 30 said say VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 31 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 32 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 33 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 34 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 36 gained gain VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 37 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 38 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 39 adherents adherent NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 41 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 1 Avestan Avestan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 4 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 7 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 8 portions portion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 11 Zoroastrian Zoroastrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 12 Avesta Avesta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 15 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 18 Old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 19 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 20 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 23 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 25 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 26 attested attest VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 27 member member NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 30 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 31 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 32 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 42 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 1 Achaemenid achaemenid JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 2 Empire[edit empire[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 4 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 5 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 7 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 9 satrapy satrapy NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 11 Xerxes Xerxes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 12 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 13 tomb tomb VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 15 Bactrian bactrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 16 soldier soldier NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 17 circa circa NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 18 470 470 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 19 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 43 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 1 Ernst Ernst NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 2 Herzfeld Herzfeld NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 3 suggested suggest VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 4 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 5 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 6 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 7 annexation annexation NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 10 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 13 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 15 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 17 sixth sixth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 18 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 19 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 21 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 22 belonged belong VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 25 Medes[6 Medes[6 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 26 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 28 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 29 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 30 Margiana Margiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 32 formed form VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 34 twelfth twelfth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 35 satrapy satrapy NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 37 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 44 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 4 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 5 Darius Darius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 6 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 8 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 9 defeated defeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 11 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 13 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 16 satrap satrap NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 18 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 20 Bessus Bessus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 22 attempted attempt VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 23 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 24 organise organise VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 26 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 27 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 28 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 29 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 30 captured capture VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 32 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 33 warlords warlord NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 35 delivered deliver VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 37 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 45 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 46 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 46 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 46 3 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 46 4 tortured torture VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 46 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 46 6 killed kill VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 46 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 2 8][9 8][9 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 4 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 5 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 6 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 8 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 9 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 11 deported deport VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 13 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 15 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 16 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 18 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 20 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 21 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 22 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 25 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 47 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 3 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 5 Darius Darius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 6 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 9 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 12 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 13 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 15 Barca Barca NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 18 Cyrenaica Cyrenaica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 21 deported deport VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 23 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 24 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 25 refusing refuse VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 27 surrender surrender VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 28 assassins assassin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 48 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 5 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 7 Xerxes Xerxes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 9 settled settle VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 11 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 12 Branchidae Branchidae NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 15 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 17 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 20 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 22 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 23 priests priest NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 24 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 25 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 26 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 27 lived live VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 28 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 29 Didyma Didyma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 31 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 32 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 33 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 36 betrayed betray VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 38 temple temple NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 40 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 49 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 4 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 6 records record VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 8 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 9 commander commander NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 10 threatening threaten VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 12 enslave enslave VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 13 daughters daughter NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 16 revolting revolt VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 17 Ionians Ionians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 19 send send VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 20 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 22 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 50 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 4 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 5 subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 6 conscripted conscript VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 7 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 8 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 10 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 11 settlements settlement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 13 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 14 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 16 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 19 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 20 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 21 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 51 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 4 Alexander[edit alexander[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 6 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 7 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 8 Seleucid seleucid JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 9 Athenian athenian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 10 owl owl NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 11 imitation imitation NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 13 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 15 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 18 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 20 Sophytes Sophytes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 52 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 53 1 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 53 2 conquered conquer VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 53 3 Sogdiana Sogdiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 53 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 3 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 5 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 7 Oxus Oxus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 9 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 10 met meet VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 11 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 12 resistance resistance NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 15 ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 16 conquered conquer VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 18 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 19 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 20 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 21 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 22 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 24 diplomacy diplomacy NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 26 marrying marry VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 27 Roxana Roxana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 29 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 32 defeated defeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 33 Satrap Satrap NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 35 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 37 Oxyartes Oxyartes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 54 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 2 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 3 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 4 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 5 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 7 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 9 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 11 easternmost easternmost NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 13 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 14 Eschate Eschate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 16 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 18 Furthest Furthest NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 55 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 2 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 4 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 6 Diodorus Diodorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 7 Siculus Siculus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 8 tells tell VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 9 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 11 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 12 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 13 dominion dominion NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 14 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 15 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 17 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 18 Justin Justin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 19 names name VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 20 Amyntas amynta NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 22 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 23 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 56 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 3 Treaty Treaty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 5 Triparadisus Triparadisus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 7 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 8 Diodorus Diodorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 9 Siculus Siculus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 11 Arrian Arrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 12 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 13 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 15 satrap satrap NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 16 Stasanor Stasanor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 17 gained gain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 18 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 19 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 20 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 57 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 58 1 Eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 58 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 58 3 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 58 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3141 58 5 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 58 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 58 7 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 58 8 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3141 58 9 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 58 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 58 11 generals general NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 58 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 58 13 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 58 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3141 58 15 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 58 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 1 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 2 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 4 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 7 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 10 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 11 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 13 founder founder NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 15 Seleucus Seleucus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 16 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 17 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 18 Empire[edit empire[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 20 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 21 Macedonians Macedonians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 23 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 24 Seleucus Seleucus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 25 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 27 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 28 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 29 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 30 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 32 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 34 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 35 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 37 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 39 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 40 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 41 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 42 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 59 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 60 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 60 2 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 60 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 60 4 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 60 5 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 60 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 60 7 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 60 8 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 60 9 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 60 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 2 paradox paradox NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 3 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 4 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 5 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 7 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 8 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 10 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 11 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 13 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 14 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 15 closer close RBR en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 17 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 18 can can MD en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 19 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 20 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 21 explained[original explained[original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 22 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 23 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3141 61 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 62 1 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 62 2 past past JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 62 3 deportations deportation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 62 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 62 5 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 62 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 62 7 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 62 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 1 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 3 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 4 Kingdom[edit kingdom[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 9 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 11 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 12 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 13 Gold Gold NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 14 stater stater NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 17 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 19 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 20 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 21 Eucratides Eucratides NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 22 Map Map NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 25 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 27 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 28 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 29 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 30 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 31 maximum maximum JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 32 extent extent NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 34 circa circa NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 35 180 180 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 36 BC bc NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 63 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 1 Considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 2 difficulties difficulty NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 3 faced face VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 6 Seleucid seleucid JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 7 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 10 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 12 Pharaoh Pharaoh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 13 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 14 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 15 Philadelphus Philadelphus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 16 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 18 satrap satrap NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 20 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 22 Diodotus Diodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 23 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 26 opportunity opportunity NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 28 declare declare VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 29 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 30 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 31 245 245 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 32 BC BC NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 34 conquer conquer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 35 Sogdia Sogdia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 64 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 65 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 65 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 65 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 65 4 founder founder NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 65 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 65 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 65 7 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 65 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 65 9 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 65 10 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 65 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 1 Diodotus Diodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 3 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 4 successors successor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 6 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 8 maintain maintain VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 9 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 10 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 12 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 15 Seleucids seleucid NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 16 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 17 particularly particularly RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 19 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 20 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 22 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 24 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 26 ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 27 defeated defeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 30 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 32 190 190 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 33 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 34 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 66 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 2 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 4 Bactrians Bactrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 6 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 7 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 9 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 11 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 13 expand expand VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 15 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 16 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 17 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 19 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 21 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 23 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 26 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 28 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 29 lies lie VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 30 alongside alongside IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 31 Aria Aria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 32 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 34 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 36 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 37 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 39 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 40 lies lie VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 41 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 42 Aria Aria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 44 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 46 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 48 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 67 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 68 1 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 68 2 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 68 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 68 4 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 68 5 produces produce VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 68 6 everything everything NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 68 7 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 68 8 oil oil NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 68 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 2 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 3 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 4 caused cause VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 5 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 7 revolt revolt NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 8 grew grow VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 9 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 10 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 12 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 15 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 18 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 20 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 21 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 22 masters master NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 24 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 25 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 27 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 29 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 31 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 32 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 34 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 37 Apollodorus Apollodorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 39 Artemita Artemita NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 40 says say VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 41 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 43 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 44 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 45 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 46 subdued subdue VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 47 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 48 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 49 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 50 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 51 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 52 .... .... . en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 53 "[14 "[14 '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 54 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 55 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 56 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 57 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 58 Bactrians Bactrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 59 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 61 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 62 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 63 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 64 administrative administrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 65 purposes purpose NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 67 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 69 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 70 Bactrian bactrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 71 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 72 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 73 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 74 Hellenized hellenize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 76 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 77 suggested suggest VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 78 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 79 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 80 adoption adoption NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 81 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 82 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 83 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 84 alphabet alphabet NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 85 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 86 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 87 loanwords loanword NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 69 88 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 70 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 70 2 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 70 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 70 4 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 70 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 70 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 70 7 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 70 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 70 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 70 10 borrowed borrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 70 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 70 12 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 70 13 Pashto Pashto NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 70 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 71 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 71 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 71 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 71 4 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 71 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 71 6 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 71 7 Kingdom[edit kingdom[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 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en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 25 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 27 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 28 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 29 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 30 arose arise VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 31 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 32 usurpers usurper NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 34 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 35 proclaimed proclaim VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 36 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 37 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 39 fought fight VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 40 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 41 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 42 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 75 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 3 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 4 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 5 know know VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 6 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 8 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 9 coins coin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 12 great great RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 13 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 16 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 17 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 19 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 76 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 3 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 6 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 7 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 10 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 12 undermined undermine VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 13 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 14 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 15 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 16 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 17 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 18 otherwise otherwise RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 19 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 20 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 22 case case NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 77 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 78 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 78 2 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 78 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 78 4 Eucratides Eucratides NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 78 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 78 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 78 7 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 78 8 abandoned abandon VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 78 9 the the DT 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Indus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 79 4 valley valley NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 79 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 79 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 79 7 went go VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 79 8 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 79 9 further further RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 79 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 2 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 4 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 5 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 6 Menander Menander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 7 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 9 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 11 Milinda Milinda NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 13 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 16 recognized recognize VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 19 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 20 conqueror conqueror NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 22 converted convert VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 24 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 80 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 2 successors successor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 3 managed manage VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 5 cling cling VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 7 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 8 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 10 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 11 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 12 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 14 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 15 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 18 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 19 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 20 Strato Strato NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 21 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 23 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 24 ruled rule VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 27 Punjab Punjab NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 28 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 29 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 30 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 31 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 32 BC bc NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 81 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 4 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 5 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 7 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 9 place place VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 11 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 13 Strato Strato NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 14 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 16 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 17 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 18 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 20 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 21 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 82 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 1 Daxia Daxia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 3 Tukhara Tukhara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 5 Tokharistan[edit tokharistan[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 7 Daxia Daxia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 9 Ta Ta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 11 Hsia Hsia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 14 Ta Ta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 16 Hia Hia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 18 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 20 大夏 大夏 XX en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 22 pinyin pinyin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 23 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 24 Dàxià Dàxià NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 28 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 29 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 31 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 32 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 34 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 35 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 37 Tukhara Tukhara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 38 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 39 Tokhara:[citation Tokhara:[citation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 40 needed need VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 41 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 43 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 44 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 46 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 83 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 84 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 84 2 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 84 3 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 84 4 Daxia daxia NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 84 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 84 6 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 84 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 84 8 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 84 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 84 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 84 11 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 84 12 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 84 13 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 84 14 to to TO 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en-wikipedia-org-3141 85 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 85 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 85 14 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 85 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 85 16 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 85 17 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 85 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 3 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 5 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 8 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 10 Bactrians Bactrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 12 conquered conquer VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 14 nomadic nomadic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 15 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 17 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 18 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 21 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 23 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 26 Sakas Sakas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 28 160 160 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 29 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 86 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 2 Sakas Sakas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 4 overthrown overthrow VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 6 turn turn NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 9 Da Da NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 10 Yuezhi Yuezhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 13 Greater Greater NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 14 Yuezhi Yuezhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 17 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 18 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 19 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 87 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 2 Yuezhi Yuezhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 3 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 4 conquered conquer VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 5 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 8 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 11 visit visit NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 14 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 15 envoy envoy NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 16 Zhang Zhang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 17 Qian Qian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 19 circa circa NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 20 127 127 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 21 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 24 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 25 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 26 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 27 sent send VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 28 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 30 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 31 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 33 investigate investigate VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 34 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 37 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 39 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 88 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 2 17][18 17][18 LS en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 6 mention mention NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 8 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 9 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 11 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 12 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 13 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 16 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 17 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 18 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 20 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 21 Strabo Strabo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 22 described describe VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 23 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 24 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 26 Asii Asii NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 28 Pasiani Pasiani NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 30 Tokhari Tokhari NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 33 Sakarauli Sakarauli NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 34 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 35 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 36 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 37 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 38 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 40 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 41 destruction destruction NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 44 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 45 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 46 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 47 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 48 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 89 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 90 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 90 2 subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 90 3 mentioned mention VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 90 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 90 5 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 90 6 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 90 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 90 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 90 9 Tokhari Tokhari NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 90 10 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 90 11 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 90 12 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 90 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 90 14 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 90 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 2 Tukhara Tukhara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 3 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 4 Tokhara Tokhara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 5 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 6 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 7 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 8 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 10 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 11 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 13 Surxondaryo Surxondaryo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 14 Province Province NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 16 Uzbekistan Uzbekistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 18 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 19 Tajikistan Tajikistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 21 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 22 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 91 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 92 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 92 2 Tokhari Tokhari NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 92 3 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 92 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 92 5 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 92 6 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 92 7 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 92 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 92 9 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 92 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3141 92 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 92 12 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 92 13 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 92 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 3 Tokhari Tokhari NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 5 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 6 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 7 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 8 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 10 confused confuse VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 13 Tocharian tocharian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 14 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 15 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 16 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 19 Tarim Tarim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 20 Basin Basin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 21 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 23 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 25 9th 9th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 26 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 27 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 29 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 31 Tocharian tocharian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 32 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 33 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 34 form form VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 35 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 36 branch branch NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 38 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 39 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 40 European european JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 41 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 93 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 94 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 94 2 treasure treasure NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 94 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 94 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 94 5 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 94 6 burial burial NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 94 7 Tillia Tillia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 94 8 tepe tepe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 94 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 94 10 attributed attribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 94 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 94 12 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 94 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 94 14 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 94 15 Sakas Sakas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 94 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 94 17 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 94 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 1 Zhang Zhang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 2 Qian Qian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 3 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 4 leave leave NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 6 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 7 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 8 Wudi Wudi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 12 expedition expedition NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 14 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 15 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 17 138 138 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 19 126 126 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 20 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 22 Mogao Mogao NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 23 Caves Caves NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 24 mural mural NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 26 618–712 618–712 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 27 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 95 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 2 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 3 Daxia Daxia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 5 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 8 Shiji Shiji NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 11 Records Records NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 14 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 15 Historian Historian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 19 Sima Sima NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 20 Qian Qian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 96 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 1 Based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 4 reports report NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 6 Zhang Zhang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 7 Qian Qian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 10 Shiji Shiji NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 11 describe describe VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 12 Daxia Daxia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 15 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 16 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 17 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 19 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 20 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 21 million million CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 22 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 24 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 26 walled walled JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 27 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 28 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 29 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 30 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 31 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 32 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 33 magistrates magistrate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 97 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 1 Daxia Daxia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 3 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 4 affluent affluent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 5 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 7 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 8 markets market NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 10 trading trading NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 13 incredible incredible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 14 variety variety NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 16 objects object NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 18 coming come VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 19 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 20 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 21 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 23 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 24 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 98 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 3 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 4 Zhang Zhang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 5 Qian Qian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 6 visited visit VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 8 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 10 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 11 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 13 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 14 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 18 Bactrians Bactrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 20 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 22 suzerainty suzerainty NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 25 Yuezhi Yuezhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 99 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 100 1 Zhang Zhang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 100 2 Qian Qian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 100 3 depicted depict VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 100 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 100 5 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 100 6 sophisticated sophisticated JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 100 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 100 8 demoralised demoralise VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 100 9 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 100 10 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3141 100 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 100 12 afraid afraid JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 100 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 100 14 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 100 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 1 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 2 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 3 reports report NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 6 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 7 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 8 Wu Wu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 9 Di Di NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 11 informed inform VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 14 level level NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 16 sophistication sophistication NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 19 urban urban JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 20 civilizations civilization NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 22 Ferghana Ferghana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 24 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 26 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 29 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 30 interested interested JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 32 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 33 commercial commercial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 34 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 35 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 36 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 37 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 38 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 39 Son Son NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 41 Heaven Heaven NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 42 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 43 hearing hear VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 44 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 45 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 46 reasoned reason VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 47 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 48 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 49 Dayuan Dayuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 52 possessions possession NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 54 Daxia Daxia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 55 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 56 Anxi Anxi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 57 Parthia Parthia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 58 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 59 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 60 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 62 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 63 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 64 rare rare JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 65 things thing NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 66 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 67 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 68 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 69 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 70 living live VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 71 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 72 fixed fix VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 73 abodes abode NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 74 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 75 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 76 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 77 occupations occupation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 78 somewhat somewhat RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 79 identical identical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 80 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 81 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 82 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 83 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 84 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 85 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 86 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 87 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 88 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 89 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 90 weak weak JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 91 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 92 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 93 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 94 placing place VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 95 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 96 value value NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 97 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 98 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 99 rich rich JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 100 produce produce NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 101 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 102 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 101 103 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 2 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 4 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 5 contacts contact NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 6 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 7 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 10 dispatch dispatch NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 12 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 13 embassies embassy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 16 Chinese Chinese NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 19 helped help VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 21 develop develop VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 22 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 23 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 25 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 26 Roads Roads NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 102 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 103 1 Kushan Kushan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 103 2 worshipper worshipper NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 103 3 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 103 4 Zeus Zeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 103 5 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 103 6 Serapis Serapis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 103 7 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 103 8 Ohrmazd Ohrmazd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 103 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 103 10 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 103 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 103 12 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 103 13 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 103 14 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 103 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 104 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 104 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 104 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 104 4 Kushan Kushan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 104 5 worshipper worshipper NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 104 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 104 7 Pharro Pharro NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 104 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 104 9 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 104 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 104 11 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 104 12 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 104 13 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 104 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 2 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 4 Kujula Kujula NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 5 Kadphises Kadphises NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 8 xihou xihou NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 10 prince prince NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 14 Yuezhi Yuezhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 16 united unite VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 18 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 21 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 22 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 23 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 25 laid lay VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 27 foundations foundation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 30 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 32 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 33 short short RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 35 lived live VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 37 Kushan Kushan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 38 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 105 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 3 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 5 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 7 Tukhara Tukhara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 9 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 11 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 14 Kushanshas Kushanshas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 16 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 18 Sasanians Sasanians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 106 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 1 Tokharistan[edit tokharistan[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 3 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 4 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 6 Tokharistan Tokharistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 8 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 9 Tokharistan Tokharistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 10 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 12 suffix suffix NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 13 -stan -stan JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 14 means mean VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 15 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 16 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 20 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 21 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 22 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 25 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 26 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 29 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 30 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 33 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 34 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 36 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 39 Vibhasa Vibhasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 40 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 41 sastra sastra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 107 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 1 Tokhara Tokhara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 3 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 5 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 6 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 8 Tuhuluo Tuhuluo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 10 吐呼羅 吐呼羅 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 12 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 14 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 15 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 16 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 18 Northern Northern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 19 Wei Wei NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 20 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 108 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 109 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 109 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 109 3 Tang Tang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 109 4 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 109 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 109 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 109 7 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 109 8 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 109 9 transcribed transcribe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 109 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 109 11 Tuhuoluo Tuhuoluo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 109 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 109 13 土豁羅 土豁羅 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 109 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 109 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 110 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 110 2 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 110 3 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 110 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 110 5 Doushaluo Doushaluo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 110 6 兜沙羅 兜沙羅 NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 110 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 110 8 Douquluo Douquluo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 110 9 兜佉羅 兜佉羅 NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 110 10 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 110 11 Duhuoluo Duhuoluo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 110 12 覩貨羅 覩貨羅 NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 110 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 5 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 7 5th 5th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 10 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 12 controlled control VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 15 Xionites Xionites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 18 Hephthalites Hephthalites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 22 subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 23 reconquered reconquer VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 26 Sassanid Sassanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 27 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 111 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 1 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 3 Islam[edit Islam[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 5 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 8 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 9 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 11 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 12 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 14 mid-7th mid-7th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 17 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 18 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 20 Rashidun Rashidun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 21 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 22 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 23 come come VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 25 rule rule VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 26 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 29 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 30 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 32 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 33 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 35 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 36 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 112 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 113 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 113 2 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 113 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 113 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 113 5 663 663 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 113 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 113 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 113 8 Umayyad Umayyad NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 113 9 Caliphate Caliphate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 113 10 attacked attack VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 113 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 113 12 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 113 13 Shahi Shahi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 113 14 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 113 15 ruling ruling NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 113 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 113 17 Tokharistan Tokharistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 113 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 2 Umayyad Umayyad NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 3 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 4 captured capture VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 6 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 7 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 8 Balkh Balkh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 10 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 12 Buddhist buddhist JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 13 monastery monastery NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 15 Nava Nava NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 16 Vihara Vihara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 18 causing cause VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 20 Shahis Shahis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 22 retreat retreat VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 25 Kabul Kabul NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 26 Valley Valley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 114 27 . . . 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115 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 115 25 Umayyads Umayyads NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 115 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 116 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 116 2 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 116 3 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 116 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 116 5 Samanid Samanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 116 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 116 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 116 8 875–999 875–999 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 116 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 116 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 1 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 2 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 4 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 5 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 9 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 10 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 11 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 12 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 14 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 15 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 18 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 20 Muslim muslim JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 21 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 117 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 118 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 118 2 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 118 3 replaced replace VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 118 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 118 5 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 118 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 118 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 118 8 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 118 9 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 118 10 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 118 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 118 12 the the DT 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Bactrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 119 40 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 119 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 119 42 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 119 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 119 44 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 119 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 1 Several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 2 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 3 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 4 routes route NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 6 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 8 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 10 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 12 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 13 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 14 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 15 passed pass VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 16 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 17 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 20 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 21 early early RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 22 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 24 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 25 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 27 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 28 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 29 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 31 accumulation accumulation NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 33 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 34 amounts amount NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 36 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 37 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 39 mostly mostly RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 120 40 nomadic nomadic JJ 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en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 6 routes route NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 8 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 10 attracted attract VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 11 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 12 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 17 6th 6th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 18 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 19 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 21 Bactrians Bactrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 23 conquered conquer VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 26 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 31 4th 4th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 32 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 33 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 34 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 35 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 37 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 122 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 123 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 123 2 conquests conquest NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 123 3 marked mark VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 123 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 123 5 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 123 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 123 7 Bactrian bactrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 123 8 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 123 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 2 around around IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 3 304 304 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 4 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 6 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 7 formed form VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 8 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 11 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 12 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 16 around around RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 17 250 250 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 18 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 22 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 25 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 27 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 28 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 30 ruled rule VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 33 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 35 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 36 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 37 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 38 settled settle VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 39 there there RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 40 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 42 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 44 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 46 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 124 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 2 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 4 Bactrians Bactrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 7 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 9 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 11 Yavanas Yavanas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 13 worked work VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 15 cooperation cooperation NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 18 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 19 Bactrian bactrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 20 aristocracy aristocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 125 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 3 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 4 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 5 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 6 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 8 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 10 Bactrians Bactrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 12 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 14 impressive impressive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 15 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 17 stretched stretch VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 18 southwards southward NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 20 include include VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 21 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 23 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 24 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 126 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 2 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 3 135 135 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 4 BC bc NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 6 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 9 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 10 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 11 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 12 overrun overrun VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 14 invading invade VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 15 Yuezhi yuezhi JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 16 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 19 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 20 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 21 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 22 brought bring VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 23 about about RP en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 25 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 28 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 29 Kushan Kushan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 30 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 127 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 1 Bactrians bactrian NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 3 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 5 Strabo Strabo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 7 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 8 ' ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 10 Now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 12 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 13 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 15 Sogdians Sogdians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 17 Bactrians Bactrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 18 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 19 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 20 differ differ VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 21 much much RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 24 nomads nomad NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 26 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 27 modes mode NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 29 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 31 customs custom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 33 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 35 Bactrians Bactrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 36 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 38 little little RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 39 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 40 civilised civilised JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 41 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 42 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 45 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 47 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 50 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 52 Onesicritus Onesicritus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 53 does do VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 54 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 55 report report VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 56 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 57 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 58 traits trait NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 60 saying say VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 61 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 62 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 63 instance instance NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 64 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 65 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 66 those those DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 67 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 68 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 69 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 70 helpless helpless JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 71 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 72 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 73 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 74 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 75 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 76 sickness sickness NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 77 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 78 thrown throw VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 79 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 80 alive alive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 81 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 82 prey prey NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 83 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 84 dogs dog NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 85 kept keep VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 86 expressly expressly RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 87 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 88 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 89 purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 90 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 91 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 92 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 93 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 94 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 95 tongue tongue NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 96 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 97 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 98 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 99 undertakers undertaker NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 100 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 101 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 102 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 103 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 104 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 105 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 106 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 107 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 108 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 109 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 110 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 111 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 112 metropolis metropolis NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 113 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 114 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 115 Bactrians Bactrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 116 looks look VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 117 clean clean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 118 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 119 yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 120 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 121 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 122 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 123 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 124 inside inside IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 125 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 126 walls wall NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 127 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 128 full full JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 129 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 130 human human JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 131 bones bone NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 132 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 133 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 134 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 135 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 136 broke break VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 137 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 138 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 139 custom custom NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 128 140 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 129 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 129 2 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 129 3 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 129 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 129 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 129 6 Bactrians Bactrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 129 7 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 129 8 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 129 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 129 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 129 11 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 129 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 129 13 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 129 14 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 129 15 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 129 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 1 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 2 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 3 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 5 replaced replace VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 7 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 9 eastern[24 eastern[24 NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 10 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 11 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 12 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 13 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 15 Pashto Pashto NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 17 Yidgha Yidgha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 19 Munji Munji NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 22 Ishkashmi Ishkashmi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 130 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 2 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 3 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 4 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 6 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 7 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 8 occupies occupy VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 10 intermediary intermediary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 11 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 12 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 13 Pashto Pashto NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 15 Yidgha Yidgha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 17 Munji Munji NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 20 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 21 hand hand NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 23 Sogdian Sogdian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 25 Choresmian Choresmian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 28 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 29 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 31 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 33 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 34 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 35 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 37 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 38 natural natural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 40 rightful rightful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 41 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 43 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 131 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 132 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 132 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 132 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 132 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 132 5 principal principal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 132 6 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 132 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 132 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 132 9 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 132 10 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 132 11 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 132 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 132 13 Zoroastrianism Zoroastrianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 132 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 132 15 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 132 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 4 Contemporary Contemporary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 5 Tajiks Tajiks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 8 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 10 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 11 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 12 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 13 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 15 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 16 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 19 particular particular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 22 Sogdians Sogdians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 25 Bactrians Bactrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 28 possibly possibly RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 29 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 30 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 33 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 34 admixture admixture NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 36 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 37 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 38 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 40 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 41 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 42 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 43 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 133 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 2 27][28][29 27][28][29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 5 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 6 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 7 states state VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 10 Tajiks Tajiks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 13 direct direct JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 14 descendants descendant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 17 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 18 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 19 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 20 continuous continuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 21 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 23 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 24 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 26 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 27 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 28 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 29 attested attest VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 30 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 32 middle middle NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 35 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 36 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 37 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 134 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 2 ancestors ancestor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 5 Tajiks Tajiks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 6 constituted constitute VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 8 core core NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 11 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 12 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 14 Khwārezm Khwārezm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 16 Khorezm Khorezm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 19 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 22 formed form VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 23 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 25 Transoxania Transoxania NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 27 Sogdiana Sogdiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 135 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 3 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 6 empires empire NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 8 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 10 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 12 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 15 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 16 intermingled intermingle VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 19 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 20 invaders invader NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 23 Kushāns Kushāns NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 25 Hepthalites Hepthalites NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 28 1st–6th 1st–6th CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 29 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 30 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 136 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 1 Over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 3 course course NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 5 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 8 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 9 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 10 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 13 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 16 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 17 Tajiks Tajiks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 18 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 19 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 20 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 22 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 25 western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 26 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 27 spoken speak VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 29 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 31 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 137 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 5 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 6 culture[edit culture[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 7 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 9 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 11 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 12 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 13 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 15 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 17 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 18 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 19 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 21 setting setting NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 22 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 24 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 25 fiction fiction NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 26 novel novel NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 27 Anabasis Anabasis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 29 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 30 Novel Novel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 32 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 33 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 35 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 36 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 37 Geoffrey Geoffrey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 38 Storey Storey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 138 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 2 31 31 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 5 six six CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 7 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 8 documentary documentary NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 9 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 11 Lost Lost NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 12 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 13 explores explore VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 15 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 16 sites site NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 18 Bactrian bactrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 19 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 20 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 21 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 22 believe believe VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 23 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 24 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 26 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 28 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 30 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 31 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 32 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 34 Oxus Oxus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 139 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 140 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 140 2 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 140 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 140 4 explores explore VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 140 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 140 6 pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 140 7 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 140 8 existing exist VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 140 9 Oxus Oxus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 140 10 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 140 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 141 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 141 2 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 141 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 141 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 141 5 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 141 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 141 7 portrayed portray VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 141 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 141 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 141 10 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 141 11 film film NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 141 12 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 141 13 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3141 141 14 Darius Darius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 141 15 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 141 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 141 17 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 141 18 dying die VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 141 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 1 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 2 also[edit also[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 6 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 7 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 9 Uzbekistan Uzbekistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 10 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 11 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 12 Margiana Margiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 13 Archaeological archaeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 14 Complex Complex NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 15 Tillya Tillya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 16 Tepe tepe JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 17 Bactrian bactrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 18 camel camel NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 19 Bahlika Bahlika NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 20 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 21 Greater Greater NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 22 Khorasan Khorasan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 23 Dalverzin Dalverzin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 24 Tepe Tepe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 25 Balkh Balkh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 26 Notes[edit notes[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 28 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 29 Eduljee Eduljee NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 31 Ed Ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 142 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 143 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 143 2 Aryan Aryan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 143 3 Homeland Homeland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 143 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 143 5 Airyana Airyana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 143 6 Vaeja Vaeja NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 143 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 143 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 143 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 143 10 Avesta Avesta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 143 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 144 1 Aryan aryan JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 144 2 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 144 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 144 4 Zoroastrianism Zoroastrianism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 144 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 144 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 145 1 www.heritageinstitute.com www.heritageinstitute.com NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 145 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 146 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 146 2 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 146 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 146 4 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 146 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 146 6 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 146 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 147 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 147 2 Rawlinson Rawlinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 147 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 147 4 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 147 5 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 147 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 147 7 Hugh Hugh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 147 8 George George NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 147 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 147 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 147 11 1880 1880 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 147 12 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 147 13 1957 1957 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 147 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 148 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 148 2 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 148 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 148 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 149 1 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 149 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 149 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 149 4 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 149 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 149 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 149 7 forgotten forget VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 149 8 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 149 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 150 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 150 2 Delhi Delhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 150 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 150 4 Asian Asian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 150 5 Educational Educational NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 150 6 Services Services NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 150 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 151 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 151 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3141 151 3 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 151 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 151 5 206 206 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 151 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 151 7 1615 1615 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 151 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 151 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 151 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 3 50519010.CS1 50519010.cs1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 4 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 6 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 7 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 9 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 10 list list NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 12 link link NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 14 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 15 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 16 Leriche Leriche NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 18 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 19 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 21 Pre pre JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 22 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 23 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 24 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 152 26 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 153 1 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 153 2 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 153 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 153 4 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 153 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 154 1 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 154 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 154 3 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 154 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 2 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 3 Testen Testen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 6 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 7 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 9 Avestan Avestan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 10 Phonology Phonology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 13 Phonologies Phonologies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 15 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 17 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 19 vol vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 155 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 156 1 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 156 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 156 3 Winona Winona NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 156 4 Lake Lake NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 156 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 156 6 Indiana Indiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 156 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 156 8 Eisenbrauns Eisenbrauns NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 156 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 156 10 1997 1997 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 156 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 156 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 156 13 583 583 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 156 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 157 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3141 157 2 Cotterell Cotterell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 157 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 157 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 157 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 157 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 157 7 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 157 8 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 157 9 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3141 157 10 Herzfeld herzfeld UH en-wikipedia-org-3141 157 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 157 12 Ernst Ernst NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 157 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 157 14 1968 1968 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 157 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 157 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 158 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 158 2 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 158 3 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 158 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 158 5 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 158 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 158 7 geography geography NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 158 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 158 9 ethnography ethnography NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 158 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 158 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 158 12 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 158 13 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 158 14 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 158 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 159 1 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 159 2 Steiner Steiner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 159 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 160 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 160 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3141 160 3 344 344 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 160 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 161 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3141 161 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 161 3 BACTRIA BACTRIA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 161 4 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3141 161 5 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 161 6 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 161 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 161 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 162 1 www.iranicaonline.org www.iranicaonline.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 162 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 163 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 163 2 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 163 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 163 4 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 163 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 163 6 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 163 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 2 annexation annexation NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 5 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 6 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 8 Cyrus Cyrus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 11 sixth sixth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 12 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 14 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 15 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 17 Margiana Margiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 18 formed form VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 20 Twelfth Twelfth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 21 Satrapy Satrapy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 164 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 165 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3141 165 2 Holt Holt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 165 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 165 4 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 165 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 165 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 165 7 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 165 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 166 1 41–43 41–43 LS en-wikipedia-org-3141 166 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 167 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 167 2 Chisholm Chisholm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 167 3 1911 1911 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 167 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 2 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 4 4.200–204 4.200–204 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 5 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 6 Strabo Strabo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 8 11.11.4 11.11.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 9 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 10 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 11 6.9 6.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 12 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 13 Graeco Graeco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 15 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 16 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 17 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 18 Strabo Strabo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 19 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 21 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 22 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 24 chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 25 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 27 section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 28 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 29 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 30 UCLA UCLA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 31 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 32 Materials Materials NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 33 Project Project NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 34 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 35 Language Language NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 36 Profile Profile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 37 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 38 Pashto pashto NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 39 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 40 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 41 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 42 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 43 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 44 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 45 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 47 Wayback Wayback NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 48 Machine Machine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 49 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 50 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 51 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 52 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 55 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 56 126 126 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 168 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 2 Silk Silk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 3 Road Road NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 5 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 6 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 7 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 8 Michael Michael NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 9 Hogan Hogan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 12 Megalithic Megalithic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 13 Portal Portal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 15 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 16 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 17 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 19 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 169 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 170 1 Andy Andy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 170 2 Burnham Burnham NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 170 3 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 170 4 Grousset Grousset NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 170 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 170 6 Rene Rene NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 170 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 170 8 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 170 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 170 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 171 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 171 2 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 171 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 171 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 171 5 Steppes Steppes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 171 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 172 1 Rutgers Rutgers NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 172 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 172 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 172 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 173 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 173 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 174 1 29–31 29–31 LS en-wikipedia-org-3141 174 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 175 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 175 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3141 175 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 175 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 175 5 8135 8135 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 175 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 175 7 1304 1304 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 175 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 175 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 175 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 2 Hanshu Hanshu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 4 Former Former NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 5 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 6 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 7 ^ ^ VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 9 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 10 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 11 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 13 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 14 exhibition exhibition NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 15 ^ ^ VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 17 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 18 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 20 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 22 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 23 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 24 Dr. Dr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 25 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 26 Berzin Berzin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 28 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 29 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 30 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 31 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 32 Origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 35 Samanids Samanids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 36 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 37 Kamoliddin Kamoliddin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 38 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 39 Transoxiana Transoxiana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 40 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 41 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 176 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 177 1 www.transoxiana.org www.transoxiana.org VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 177 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 178 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 178 2 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 178 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 178 4 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 178 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 178 6 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 178 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 179 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3141 179 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 179 3 LacusCurtius LacusCurtius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 179 4 • • NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 179 5 Strabo Strabo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 179 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3141 179 7 Geography Geography NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 179 8 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3141 179 9 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 179 10 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 179 11 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 179 12 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 179 13 " " NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 179 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 180 1 penelope.uchicago.edu penelope.uchicago.edu NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 180 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 181 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 181 2 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 181 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 181 4 09 09 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 181 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 181 6 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 181 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 182 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3141 182 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 182 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 182 4 Modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 182 5 Eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 182 6 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 182 7 languages language NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 182 8 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 182 9 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 182 10 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3141 182 11 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 182 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 182 13 varied varied JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 182 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 1 Most Most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 3 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 5 classified classify VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 7 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 9 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 11 Ossetic ossetic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 13 Yaghnobi Yaghnobi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 16 derives derive VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 19 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 20 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 21 related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 23 Sogdian Sogdian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 27 Shughni Shughni NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 28 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 30 Shughni Shughni NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 32 Roshani Roshani NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 34 Khufi Khufi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 36 Bartangi Bartangi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 38 Roshorvi Roshorvi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 40 Sarikoli Sarikoli NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 41 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 43 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 44 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 45 Yaz-1ghulami yaz-1ghulami NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 46 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 47 Sokolova Sokolova NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 48 1967 1967 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 52 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 53 extinct extinct JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 54 Wanji Wanji NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 55 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 56 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 57 Payne Payne NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 58 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 59 Schmitt Schmitt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 60 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 61 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 62 420 420 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 63 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 64 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 65 closely closely RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 66 linked link VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 67 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 68 Ishkashmi Ishkashmi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 70 Sanglichi Sanglichi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 71 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 72 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 73 Zebaki Zebaki NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 74 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 75 Wakhi Wakhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 76 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 77 Munji Munji NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 78 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 79 Yidgha Yidgha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 80 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 81 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 82 Pashto Pashto NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 183 83 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 184 1 http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/eastern-iranian-languages http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/eastern-iranian-languages ADD en-wikipedia-org-3141 184 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 184 3 N. N. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 184 4 Sims Sims NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 184 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 184 6 Williams Williams NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 184 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 185 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 185 2 Bactrian bactrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 185 3 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 185 4 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 185 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 186 1 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 186 2 Iranica Iranica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 186 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 187 1 Originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 187 2 Published publish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 187 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 187 4 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 187 5 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 187 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 187 7 1988 1988 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 187 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 188 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 188 2 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 188 3 Haywood Haywood NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 188 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 188 5 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 188 6 Hall Hall NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 188 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 188 8 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 188 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 188 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 189 1 Peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 189 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 189 3 nations nation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 189 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 189 5 cultures culture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 189 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 190 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 190 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 2 Kazakhstan Kazakhstan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 4 Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 6 Tajikistan Tajikistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 8 Turkmenistan Turkmenistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 11 Uzbekistan Uzbekistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 14 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 15 studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 16 Federal Federal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 17 Research Research NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 18 Division Division NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 20 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 22 Congress Congress NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 24 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 25 206 206 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 26 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 27 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 28 Foltz Foltz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 30 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 31 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 34 Tajiks Tajiks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 35 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 36 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 39 East East NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 41 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 42 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 43 Bloomsbury Bloomsbury NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 45 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 47 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 191 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 192 1 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 192 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 192 3 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 192 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 2 Richard Richard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 3 Nelson Nelson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 4 Frye Frye NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 7 Persien persien NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 9 bis bis JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 10 zum zum NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 11 Einbruch Einbruch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 12 des des FW en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 13 Islam Islam NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 16 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 17 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 18 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 20 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 21 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 22 Heritage Heritage NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 23 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 24 Persia Persia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 28 German german JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 29 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 31 tr tr NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 193 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 194 1 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 194 2 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 194 3 Baudisch Baudisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 194 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 194 5 Kindler Kindler NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 194 6 Verlag Verlag NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 194 7 AG AG NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 194 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 194 9 Zürich Zürich NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 194 10 1964 1964 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 194 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 194 12 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 194 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 1 485–498 485–498 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 3 Tajikistan Tajikistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 5 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 6 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 7 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 8 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 9 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 10 Geoffery Geoffery NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 11 Storey Storey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 12 Anabasis Anabasis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 14 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 15 Synopsis Synopsis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 17 Anabasis anabasis NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 18 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 19 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 20 Adams Adams NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 21 Films Films NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 22 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 23 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 24 Lost Lost NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 25 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 26 Sources[edit Sources[edit '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 27 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 28 Bernard Bernard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 30 Paul Paul NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 31 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 32 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 195 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 196 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 196 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 196 3 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 196 4 Kingdoms Kingdoms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 196 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 196 6 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 196 7 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 196 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 196 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 197 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 197 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 197 3 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 197 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 197 5 civilizations civilization NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 197 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 197 7 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 197 8 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 197 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 197 10 Volume Volume NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 197 11 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 197 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 198 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 198 2 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 198 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 198 4 sedentary sedentary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 198 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 198 6 nomadic nomadic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 198 7 civilizations civilization NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 198 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 198 9 700 700 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 198 10 B.C. B.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 199 1 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 199 2 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 199 3 250 250 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 199 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 199 5 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 199 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 200 1 99–129 99–129 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 200 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 201 1 Harmatta Harmatta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 201 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 201 3 János János NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 201 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 201 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 201 6 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 201 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 201 8 1994 1994 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 201 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 202 1 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 202 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 202 3 UNESCO UNESCO NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 202 4 Publishing Publishing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 202 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 203 1 Beal Beal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 203 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 203 3 Samuel Samuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 203 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 203 5 trans trans UH en-wikipedia-org-3141 203 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 203 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 203 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 204 1 Si Si NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 204 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 204 3 Yu Yu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 204 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 204 5 Ki Ki NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 204 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 204 7 Buddhist Buddhist NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 204 8 Records Records NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 204 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 204 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 204 11 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 204 12 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 204 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 204 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 204 15 Hiuen Hiuen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 204 16 Tsiang Tsiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 204 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 205 1 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 205 2 volumes volume NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 205 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 206 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 206 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 207 1 1884 1884 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 207 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 208 1 Reprint reprint NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 208 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 208 3 Delhi Delhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 208 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 208 5 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 208 6 Books Books NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 208 7 Reprint Reprint NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 208 8 Corporation Corporation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 208 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 208 10 1969 1969 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 208 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 209 1 Beal Beal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 209 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 209 3 Samuel Samuel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 209 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 209 5 trans trans UH en-wikipedia-org-3141 209 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 209 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 209 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 2 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 4 Hiuen Hiuen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 6 Tsiang Tsiang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 9 Shaman Shaman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 10 Hwui Hwui NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 11 Li Li NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 13 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 15 Introduction introduction NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 16 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 18 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 21 Works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 23 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 25 Tsing Tsing NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 210 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 211 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 211 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 211 3 1911 1911 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 211 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 212 1 Reprint reprint NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 212 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 212 3 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 212 4 Delhi Delhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 212 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 212 6 Munshiram Munshiram NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 212 7 Manoharlal Manoharlal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 212 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 212 9 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 212 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 213 1 Cotterell Cotterell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 213 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 213 3 Arthur Arthur NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 213 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 214 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 214 2 Aristotle Aristotle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 214 3 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 214 4 Zoroaster Zoroaster NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 214 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 214 6 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 214 7 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3141 214 8 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 214 9 57–59 57–59 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 214 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 215 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 215 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3141 215 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 215 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 215 5 684 684 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 215 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 215 7 85596 85596 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 215 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 215 9 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 215 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 216 1 Hill Hill NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 216 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 216 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 216 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 216 5 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 216 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 217 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 217 2 Annotated annotated JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 217 3 Translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 217 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 217 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 217 6 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 217 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 217 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 217 9 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 217 10 Regions Regions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 217 11 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 217 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 217 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 217 14 Hou Hou NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 217 15 Hanshu Hanshu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 217 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 217 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 218 1 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 218 2 Draft Draft NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 218 3 Edition Edition NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 218 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 219 1 Hill Hill NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 219 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 219 3 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 219 4 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 219 5 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 219 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 2 Peoples Peoples NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 5 West West NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 6 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 8 Weilüe Weilüe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 9 魏略 魏略 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 11 Yu Yu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 12 Huan Huan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 13 魚豢 魚豢 VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 15 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 16 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 17 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 18 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 19 Account Account NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 20 Composed compose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 21 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 22 239 239 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 24 265 265 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 25 CE CE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 220 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 221 1 Draft Draft NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 221 2 annotated annotate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 221 3 English english JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 221 4 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 221 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 222 1 Holt Holt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 222 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 222 3 Frank Frank NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 222 4 Lee Lee NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 222 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 223 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 223 2 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 223 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 223 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 224 1 Thundering thunder VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 224 2 Zeus Zeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 224 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 224 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 224 5 Making making NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 224 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 224 7 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 224 8 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 224 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 225 1 Berkeley Berkeley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 225 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 225 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 225 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 225 5 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 225 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 225 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 226 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 226 2 hardcover hardcover RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 226 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 226 4 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 226 5   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3141 226 6 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 226 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 226 8 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 226 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 226 10 21140 21140 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 226 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 226 12 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 226 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 226 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 227 1 Holt Holt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 227 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 227 3 Frank Frank NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 227 4 Lee Lee NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 227 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 228 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 228 2 2005 2005 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 228 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 228 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 229 1 Into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 229 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 229 3 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 229 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 229 5 Bones Bones NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 229 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 229 7 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 229 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 229 9 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 229 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 229 11 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 229 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 230 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 230 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 230 3 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 230 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 230 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 231 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 231 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3141 231 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 231 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 231 5 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 231 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 231 7 24553 24553 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 231 8 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 231 9 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 231 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 232 1 Waghmar Waghmar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 232 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 232 3 Burzine Burzine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 232 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 233 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 233 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 233 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 233 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 2 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 3 Hind Hind NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 5 Hellas Hellas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 8 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 9 Bridgehead Bridgehead NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 13 appendix appendix NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 15 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 17 Hellenic Hellenic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 18 interactions interaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 20 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 234 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 235 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 235 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 235 3 Indo indo JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 235 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 235 5 Hellenic Hellenic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 235 6 Cultural Cultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 235 7 Transactions Transactions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 235 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 236 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 236 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 236 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 236 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 237 1 Edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 237 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 237 3 Radhika Radhika NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 237 4 Seshan Seshan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 237 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 238 1 Mumbai Mumbai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 238 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 238 3 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 238 4 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 238 5 Cama Cama NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 238 6 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 238 7 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 238 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 238 9 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 238 10 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 238 11 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 238 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 238 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 238 14 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 238 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 239 1 187 187 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 239 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 239 3 228 228 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 239 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 1 Tremblay Tremblay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 3 Xavier Xavier NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 5 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 9 Spread spread NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 11 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 13 Serindia Serindia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 14 ― ― NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 15 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 16 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 17 Iranians Iranians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 19 Tocharians Tocharians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 21 Turks Turks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 22 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 24 13th 13th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 25 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 240 27 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 241 1 Xavier Xavier NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 241 2 Tremblay Tremblay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 241 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 242 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 242 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 242 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 242 4 Spread Spread NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 242 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 242 6 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 242 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 243 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 243 2 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 243 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 243 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 244 1 Edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 244 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 244 3 Ann Ann NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 244 4 Heirman Heirman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 244 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 244 6 Stephan Stephan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 244 7 Peter Peter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 244 8 Bumbacher Bumbacher NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 244 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 245 1 Handbook Handbook NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 245 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 245 3 Oriental Oriental NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 245 4 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 245 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 246 1 Section section NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 246 2 Eight eight CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 246 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 246 4 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 246 5 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 246 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 247 1 Edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 247 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 247 3 Denis Denis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 247 4 Sinor Sinor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 247 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 247 6 Nicola Nicola NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 247 7 Di Di NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 247 8 Cosmo Cosmo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 247 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 248 1 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 248 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 248 3 Lieden Lieden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 248 4 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3141 248 5 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 248 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 249 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 249 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 250 1 75–129 75–129 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 250 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 251 1 Watson Watson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 251 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 251 3 Burton Burton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 251 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 251 5 trans trans NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 251 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 251 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 251 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 252 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 252 2 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 252 3 123 123 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 252 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 252 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 252 6 Account Account NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 252 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 252 8 Dayuan Dayuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 252 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 252 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 253 1 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 253 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 253 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 253 4 Shiji Shiji NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 253 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 253 6 Sima Sima NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 253 7 Qian Qian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 253 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 254 1 Records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 254 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 254 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 254 4 Grand Grand NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 254 5 Historian Historian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 254 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 254 7 China China NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 254 8 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 254 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 254 10 Revised Revised NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 254 11 Edition Edition NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 254 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 254 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 255 1 Columbia Columbia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 255 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 255 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 255 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 255 5 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 255 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 255 7 pages page VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 255 8 231–252 231–252 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 255 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 5 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 7 08164 08164 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 11 hardback hardback NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 14 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 15   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 16 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 18 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 20 08167 08167 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 22 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 24 paperback paperback NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 256 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 257 1 Watters Watters NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 257 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 257 3 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 257 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 258 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 258 2 Yuan Yuan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 258 3 Chwang Chwang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 258 4 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3141 258 5 Travels travel NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 258 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 258 7 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 258 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 258 9 A.D. A.D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 258 10 629–645 629–645 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 258 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 258 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 259 1 Reprint reprint NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 259 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 259 3 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 259 4 Delhi Delhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 259 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 259 6 Mushiram Mushiram NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 259 7 Manoharlal Manoharlal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 259 8 Publishers Publishers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 259 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 259 10 1973 1973 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 259 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 260 1 Chisholm Chisholm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 260 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 260 3 Hugh Hugh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 260 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 260 5 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 260 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 261 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 261 2 1911 1911 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 261 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 261 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 262 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 262 2 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 262 3 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 262 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3141 262 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 263 1 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 263 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 263 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 264 1 3 3 LS en-wikipedia-org-3141 264 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 264 3 11th 11th NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 264 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3141 264 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 264 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 264 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 264 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 265 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 265 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 265 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 265 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 266 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 266 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 1 180–181.CS1 180–181.cs1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 2 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 4 ref ref NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 5 = = SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 6 harv harv NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 8 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 10 External External NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 11 links[edit links[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 13 Wikivoyage wikivoyage NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 14 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 16 travel travel NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 17 guide guide NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 18 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 19 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 267 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 1 Bactrian bactrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 2 Coins Coins NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 3 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 4 Gold Gold NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 5 Livius.org Livius.org NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 7 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 8 Batriane Batriane NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 9 du du NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 10 nord nord NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 11 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 12 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 14 Termez Termez NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 15 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 18 archeological archeological JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 19 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 20 Art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 23 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 24 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 26 Southeastern Southeastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 27 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 29 Western Western NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 30 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 31 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 35 Indus Indus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 36 Valley Valley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 38 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 39 exhibition exhibition NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 40 catalog catalog NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 41 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 42 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 43 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 44 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 46 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 47 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 48 fully fully RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 49 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 50 online online RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 51 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 52 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 53 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 55 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 56 contains contain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 57 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 58 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 59 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 60 Authority Authority NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 61 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 62 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 63 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 64 00576994 00576994 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 65 NKC NKC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 66 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 67 ge550844 ge550844 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 68 VIAF viaf NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 69 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 70 239863610 239863610 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 71 WorldCat WorldCat NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 72 Identities Identities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 73 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 74 via via IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 75 VIAF VIAF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 76 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 77 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 78 239863610 239863610 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 79 Coordinates coordinate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 80 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 81 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 82 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 83 45′29″N 45′29″n CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 84 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 85 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 86 53′56″E 53′56″E NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 87 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 88 36.7581 36.7581 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 89 ° ° , en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 90 N n CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 91 66.8989 66.8989 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 92 ° ° NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 93 E E NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 94 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 95 36.7581 36.7581 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 96 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 97 66.8989 66.8989 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 98 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 99 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 100 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 101 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bactria&oldid=1001697623 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=bactria&oldid=1001697623 NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 102 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 103 Categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 104 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 105 Bactria Bactria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 106 States States NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 107 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 108 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 109 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 110 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 111 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 112 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 113 millennium millennium NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 114 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 115 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 116 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 117 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 118 disestablished disestablish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 119 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 120 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 121 10th 10th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 122 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 123 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 124 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 125 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 126 Buddhism Buddhism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 127 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 128 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 129 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 130 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 131 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 132 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 133 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 134 Afghanistan Afghanistan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 135 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 136 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 137 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 138 Iran Iran NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 139 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 140 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 141 Central Central NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 142 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 143 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 144 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 145 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 146 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 147 Iranian iranian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 148 countries country NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 149 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 150 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 151 Hidden hide VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 152 categories category NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 153 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 154 CS1 cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 155 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 156 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 157 multiple multiple JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 158 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 159 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 160 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 161 list list VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 162 Webarchive Webarchive NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 163 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 164 wayback wayback NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 165 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 166 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 167 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 168 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 169 merged merge VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 170 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 171 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 172 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 173 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 174 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 175 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 176 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 177 merged merge VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 178 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 179 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 180 short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 181 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 182 Short short JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 183 description description NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 184 matches match VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 185 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 186 Former former JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 187 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 188 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 189 requiring require VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 190 maintenance maintenance NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 191 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 192 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 193 Bactrian bactrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 194 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 195 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 196 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 197 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 198 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 199 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 200 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 201 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 202 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 203 1453)-language 1453)-language VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 204 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 205 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 206 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 207 Sanskrit Sanskrit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 208 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 209 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 210 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 211 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 212 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 213 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 214 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 215 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 216 weasel weasel NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 217 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 218 worded word VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 219 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 220 Articles Articles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 221 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 222 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 223 marked mark VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 224 weasel weasel NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 225 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 226 worded word VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 227 phrases phrase NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 228 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 229 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 230 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 231 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 232 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 233 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 234 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 235 contain contain VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 236 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 237 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 238 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 239 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 240 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 241 contain contain VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 242 original original JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 243 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 244 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 245 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 246 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 247 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 248 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 249 Chinese chinese JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 250 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 251 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 252 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 253 All all DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 254 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 255 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 256 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 257 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 258 Articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 259 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 260 unsourced unsourced JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 261 statements statement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 262 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 263 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 264 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 265 CS1 CS1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 266 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 267 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 268 ref ref NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 269 = = SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 270 harv harv NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 271 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 272 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 273 incorporating incorporate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 274 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 275 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 276 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 277 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 278 1911 1911 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 279 Encyclopaedia Encyclopaedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 280 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 281 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 282 Wikisource Wikisource NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 283 reference reference NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 284 Wikipedia wikipedia JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 285 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 286 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 287 NDL NDL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 288 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 289 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 290 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 291 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 292 NKC NKC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 293 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 294 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 295 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 296 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 297 VIAF VIAF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 298 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 299 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 300 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 301 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 302 WorldCat WorldCat NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 303 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 304 VIAF VIAF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 305 identifiers identifier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 306 Coordinates coordinate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 307 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 308 Wikidata Wikidata NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 309 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 310 menu menu NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 311 Personal personal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 312 tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 313 Not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 314 logged log VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 315 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 316 Talk Talk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 317 Contributions Contributions NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 318 Create Create NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 319 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 320 Log Log NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 321 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 322 Namespaces Namespaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 323 Article Article NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 324 Talk talk NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 325 Variants variant VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 326 Views view NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 327 Read read VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 328 Edit edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 329 View View NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 330 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 331 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 332 Search Search NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 333 Navigation Navigation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 334 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 335 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 336 Contents content VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 337 Current current JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 338 events event NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 339 Random random JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 340 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 341 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 342 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 343 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 344 us -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 345 Donate Donate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 346 Contribute contribute NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 347 Help help NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 348 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 349 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 350 edit edit VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 351 Community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 352 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 353 Recent recent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 354 changes change NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 355 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 356 file file NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 357 Tools tool NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 358 What what WP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 359 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 360 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 361 Related relate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 362 changes change VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 363 Upload upload JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 364 file file VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 365 Special special JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 366 pages page NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 367 Permanent permanent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 368 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 369 Page Page NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 370 information information NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 371 Cite cite VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 372 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 373 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 374 Wikidata wikidata NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 375 item item NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 376 Print print NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 377 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 378 export export NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 379 Download Download NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 380 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 381 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 382 Printable Printable NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 383 version version NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 384 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 385 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 386 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 387 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 388 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 389 Wikivoyage Wikivoyage NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 390 Languages Languages NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 391 Alemannisch Alemannisch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 392 አማርኛ አማርኛ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 393 العربية العربية NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 394 Aragonés Aragonés NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 395 Արեւմտահայերէն Արեւմտահայերէն NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 396 Asturianu Asturianu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 397 Azərbaycanca Azərbaycanca NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 398 বাংলা বাংলা NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 399 Bân bân NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 400 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 401 lâm lâm NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 402 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 403 gú gú NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 404 Башҡортса Башҡортса NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 405 Беларуская Беларуская NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 406 Български Български NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 407 Brezhoneg Brezhoneg NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 408 Català Català NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 409 Čeština Čeština NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 410 Cymraeg Cymraeg NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 411 Dansk Dansk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 412 Deutsch Deutsch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 413 Eesti Eesti NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 414 Ελληνικά Ελληνικά NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 415 Español Español NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 416 Esperanto Esperanto NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 417 Euskara Euskara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 418 فارسی فارسی JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 419 Français Français NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 420 Galego Galego NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 421 한국어 한국어 NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 422 Հայերեն Հայերեն NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 423 हिन्दी हिन्दी CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 424 Hrvatski Hrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 425 Bahasa Bahasa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 426 Indonesia Indonesia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 427 Italiano Italiano NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 428 עברית עברית NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 429 ქართული ქართული NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 430 Қазақша Қазақша NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 431 Kiswahili Kiswahili NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 432 Кыргызча Кыргызча NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 433 Latina Latina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 434 Latviešu Latviešu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 435 Lietuvių Lietuvių NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 436 Lingua Lingua NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 437 Franca Franca NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 438 Nova Nova NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 439 Magyar Magyar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 440 മലയാളം മലയാളം IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 441 मराठी मराठी NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 442 مصرى مصرى NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 443 Nederlands Nederlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 444 नेपाली नेपाली NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 445 日本語 日本語 . en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 446 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 447 bokmål bokmål NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 448 Norsk Norsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 449 nynorsk nynorsk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 450 Occitan Occitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 451 Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 452 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 453 پښتو پښتو NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 454 Polski Polski NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 455 Português Português NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 456 Română Română NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 457 Русский Русский NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 458 Simple Simple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 459 English English NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 460 سنڌي سنڌي NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 461 Slovenčina Slovenčina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 462 Slovenščina Slovenščina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 463 Српски Српски NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 464 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 465 srpski srpski JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 466 Srpskohrvatski Srpskohrvatski NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 467 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 468 српскохрватски српскохрватски NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 469 Suomi Suomi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 470 Svenska Svenska NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 471 தமிழ் தமிழ் , en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 472 Татарча Татарча NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 473 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 474 tatarça tatarça NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 475 ไทย ไทย NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 476 Тоҷикӣ Тоҷикӣ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 477 Türkçe Türkçe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 478 Türkmençe Türkmençe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 479 Українська Українська NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 480 اردو اردو NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 481 Tiếng Tiếng NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 482 Việt Việt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 483 吴语 吴语 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 484 中文 中文 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 485 Edit Edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 486 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 487 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 488 page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 489 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 490 last last RB en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 491 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 492 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 493 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 494 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 495 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 496 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 497 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 498 22:04 22:04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 499   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 500 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 501 UTC UTC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 502 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3141 268 503 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 269 1 Text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 269 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 269 3 available available JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 269 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 269 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 269 6 Creative Creative NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 269 7 Commons Commons NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 269 8 Attribution Attribution NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 269 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3141 269 10 ShareAlike ShareAlike NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 269 11 License License NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 269 12 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-3141 269 13 additional additional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 269 14 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 269 15 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3141 269 16 apply apply VB en-wikipedia-org-3141 269 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 270 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 270 2 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-3141 270 3 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 270 4 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 270 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 270 6 you -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3141 270 7 agree agree VBP en-wikipedia-org-3141 270 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 270 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 270 10 Terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-3141 270 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 270 12 Use Use NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 270 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3141 270 14 Privacy Privacy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 270 15 Policy Policy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 270 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 271 1 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 271 2 ® ® NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 271 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3141 271 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 271 5 registered registered JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 271 6 trademark trademark NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 271 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 271 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 271 9 Wikimedia Wikimedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 271 10 Foundation Foundation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 271 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 271 12 Inc. Inc. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 271 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3141 271 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3141 271 15 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 271 16 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 271 17 profit profit JJ en-wikipedia-org-3141 271 18 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 271 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3141 272 1 Privacy privacy NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 272 2 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 272 3 About about IN en-wikipedia-org-3141 272 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 272 5 Disclaimers Disclaimers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3141 272 6 Contact Contact NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 272 7 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 272 8 Mobile Mobile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 272 9 view view NN en-wikipedia-org-3141 272 10 Developers Developers NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 272 11 Statistics Statistics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 272 12 Cookie Cookie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3141 272 13 statement statement NN