id sid tid token lemma pos en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 1 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 2 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 4 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 5 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 6 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 7 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 8 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 11 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 12 encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 13 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 15 navigation navigation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 16 Jump Jump NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 18 search search VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 19 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 20 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 22 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 23 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 25 305 305 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 27 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 28 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 29 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 30 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 31 includes include VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 33 list list NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 35 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 36 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 38 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 39 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 40 remains remain VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 41 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 42 unverified unverified JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 43 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 44 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 45 lacks lack VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 46 sufficient sufficient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 47 corresponding correspond VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 48 inline inline JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 49 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 1 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 2 1 Please please UH en-wikipedia-org-3243 2 2 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 2 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 2 4 improve improve VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 2 5 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 2 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 2 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 2 8 introducing introduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 2 9 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 2 10 precise precise JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 2 11 citations citation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 2 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 2 May May NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 3 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 6 Learn learn VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 7 how how WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 9 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 11 remove remove VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 13 template template NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 14 message message NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 16 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 17 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 18 Πτολεμαϊκὴ Πτολεμαϊκὴ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 19 βασιλεία βασιλεία NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 20 Ptolemaïkḕ Ptolemaïkḕ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 21 basileía basileía NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 22 305 305 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 23 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 24   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 25 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 26   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 27 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 28 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 29 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 30 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 31 circa circa NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 32 235 235 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 33   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 34 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 3 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 4 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 4 2 green green JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 4 3 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 4 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 4 5 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 4 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 4 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 4 8 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 4 9 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 4 10 thirty thirty CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 4 11 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 4 12 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 4 13 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 4 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 1 Capital Capital NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 2 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 3 Common Common NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 5 languages language VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 6 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 8 official official NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 10 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 12 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 14 Religion Religion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 15 Cult Cult NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 17 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 19 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 20 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 21 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 23 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 24 syncretism syncretism NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 26 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 28 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 29 polytheism polytheism NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 31 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 34 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 35 polytheism[1 polytheism[1 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 36 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 37 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 38 Hermeticism Hermeticism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 39 Local Local NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 40   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 41 beliefs belief VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 42 Government Government NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 43 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 44 monarchy monarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 45 Pharaoh Pharaoh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 46     _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 47 • • NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 48   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 49 305–283 305–283 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 50 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 51 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 52 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 53 Soter Soter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 54 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 55 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 56 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 57 • • VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 58   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 59 51–30 51–30 VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 60 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 61 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 62 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 63 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 64 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 65 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 66 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 67 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 68 Classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 69 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 70 • • NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 71   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 72 Established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 73 305 305 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 74 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 75     _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 76 • • NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 77   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 78 Disestablished disestablish VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 79   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 80 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 81 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 82 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 83 • • NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 84   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 85 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 86 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 87 4.9 4.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 88 - - CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 89 7.5 7.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 90 million[2 million[2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 91 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 92 Currency Currency NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 93 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 94 Drachma Drachma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 95 Preceded precede VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 96 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 97 Succeeded succeed VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 98 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 99 Macedonian Macedonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 100 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 101 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 102 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 103 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 104 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 105 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 106 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 107 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 108 Today Today NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 109 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 110 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 111 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 112 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 113 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 114 Israel Israel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 115 Jordan Jordan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 116 Lebanon Lebanon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 117 Libya Libya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 118 Turkey Turkey NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 119 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 120 Part Part NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 121 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 122 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 123 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 124 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 125 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 126 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 127 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 128 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 129 Prehistoric Prehistoric NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 130 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 131 pre–3150 pre–3150 -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 132 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 133 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 134 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 135 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 136 Dynastic Dynastic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 137 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 138 3150–2686 3150–2686 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 139 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 140 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 141 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 142 2686–2181 2686–2181 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 143 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 144 1st 1st NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 145 Intermediate Intermediate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 146 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 147 2181–2055 2181–2055 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 148 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 149 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 150 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 151 2055–1650 2055–1650 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 152 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 153 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 154 Intermediate Intermediate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 155 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 156 1650–1550 1650–1550 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 157 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 158 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 159 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 160 1550–1069 1550–1069 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 161 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 162 3rd 3rd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 163 Intermediate Intermediate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 164 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 165 1069–664 1069–664 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 166 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 167 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 168 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 169 664–332 664–332 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 170 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 171 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 172 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 173 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 174 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 175 Argead Argead NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 176 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 177 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 178 dynasties dynastie VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 179 332–30 332–30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 180 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 181 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 182 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 183 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 184 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 185 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 186 BC–641 BC–641 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 187 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 188 Sasanian Sasanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 189 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 190 619–629 619–629 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 191 Medieval Medieval NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 192 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 193 Rashidun Rashidun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 194 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 195 641–661 641–661 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 196 Umayyad Umayyad NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 197 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 198 661–750 661–750 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 199 Abbasid Abbasid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 200 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 201 750–935 750–935 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 202 Tulunid Tulunid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 203 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 204 868–905 868–905 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 205 Ikhshidid Ikhshidid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 206 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 207 935–969 935–969 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 208 Fatimid Fatimid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 209 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 210 969–1171 969–1171 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 211 Ayyubid Ayyubid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 212 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 213 1171–1250 1171–1250 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 214 Mamluk Mamluk NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 215 dynasties dynasty NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 216 1250–1517 1250–1517 VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 217 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 218 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 219 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 220 Ottoman Ottoman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 221 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 222 1517–1867 1517–1867 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 223 French french JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 224 occupation occupation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 225 1798–1801 1798–1801 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 226 Muhammad Muhammad NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 227 Ali Ali NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 228 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 229 1805–1853 1805–1853 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 230 Khedivate Khedivate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 231 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 232 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 233 1867–1914 1867–1914 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 234 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 235 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 236 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 237 British british JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 238 occupation occupation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 239 1882–1922 1882–1922 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 240 Sultanate Sultanate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 241 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 242 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 243 1914–1922 1914–1922 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 244 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 245 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 246 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 247 1922–1953 1922–1953 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 248 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 249 1953–present 1953–present CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 250   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 251 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 252 portal portal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 253 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 254 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 255 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 256 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 257 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 258 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 259 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 260 /ˌtɒlɪˈmeɪ.ɪk/ /ˌtɒlɪˈmeɪ.ɪk/ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 261 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 262 Koinē Koinē NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 263 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 264 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 265 Πτολεμαϊκὴ Πτολεμαϊκὴ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 266 βασιλεία βασιλεία NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 267 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 268 romanized romanize VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 269 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 270   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 271 Ptolemaïkḕ Ptolemaïkḕ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 272 basileía)[4 basileía)[4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 273 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 274 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 275 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 276 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 277 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 278 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 279 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 280 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 281 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 5 282 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 3 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 5 305 305 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 6 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 8 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 9 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 10 Soter Soter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 13 companion companion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 15 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 17 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 20 lasted last VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 21 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 23 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 25 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 27 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 28 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 6 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 4 Ruling rule VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 6 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 7 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 8 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 11 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 14 longest long JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 16 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 17 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 18 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 20 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 21 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 7 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 8 1 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 8 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 8 3 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 8 4 conquered conquer VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 8 5 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 8 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 8 7 controlled control VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 8 8 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 8 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 8 10 332 332 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 8 11 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 8 12 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 8 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 8 14 campaigns campaign NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 8 15 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 8 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 8 17 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 8 18 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 8 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 2 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 4 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 6 323 323 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 7 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 10 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 11 quickly quickly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 12 unraveled unravel VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 13 amid amid IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 14 competing compete VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 15 claims claim NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 18 diadochi diadochi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 20 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 21 closest close JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 22 friends friend NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 24 companions companion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 9 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 4 Macedonian Macedonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 5 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 6 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 8 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 10 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 12 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 13 trusted trust VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 14 generals general NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 16 confidants confidant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 18 won win VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 19 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 21 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 23 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 24 rivals rival NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 26 declared declare VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 27 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 28 pharaoh pharaoh NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 10 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 2 Note note NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 3 1][6][7 1][6][7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 5 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 8 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 9 polis polis NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 10 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 12 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 14 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 16 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 17 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 20 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 21 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 23 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 24 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 26 learning learning NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 29 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 32 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 33 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 34 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 11 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 1 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 3 Syrian syrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 4 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 7 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 11 rival rival JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 12 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 13 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 16 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 17 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 18 stretched stretch VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 20 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 21 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 23 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 24 Libya Libya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 25 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 27 Sinai Sinai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 29 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 30 Nubia Nubia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 12 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 1 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 2 legitimize legitimize VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 3 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 4 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 6 gain gain VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 7 recognition recognition NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 9 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 10 Egyptians Egyptians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 13 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 14 adopted adopt VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 16 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 18 pharaoh pharaoh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 20 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 21 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 22 portrayed portray VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 23 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 24 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 25 monuments monument NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 27 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 28 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 30 dress dress NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 31 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 32 otherwise otherwise RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 35 monarchy monarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 36 rigorously rigorously RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 37 maintained maintain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 38 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 39 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 40 character character NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 42 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 13 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 5 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 8 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 9 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 10 bureaucracy bureaucracy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 11 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 12 exploited exploit VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 14 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 15 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 16 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 17 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 18 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 21 benefit benefit NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 24 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 25 ruling ruling NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 26 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 29 dominated dominate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 30 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 32 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 35 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 36 affairs affair NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 39 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 40 rarely rarely RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 41 integrated integrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 42 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 43 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 44 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 46 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 14 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 1 Native Native NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 2 Egyptians Egyptians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 3 maintained maintain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 4 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 5 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 6 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 8 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 9 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 12 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 13 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 14 accrued accrue VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 15 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 18 bureaucracy bureaucracy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 20 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 21 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 22 Hellenized hellenize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 15 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 4 Beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 6 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 7 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 8 Philadelphus Philadelphus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 11 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 12 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 14 adopt adopt VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 15 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 16 customs custom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 20 marrying marry VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 22 siblings sibling NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 23 per per IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 25 Osiris Osiris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 26 myth myth NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 29 participating participate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 30 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 31 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 32 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 33 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 16 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 17 1 New new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 17 2 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 17 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 17 4 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 17 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 17 6 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 17 7 ones one NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 17 8 restored restore VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 17 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 17 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 17 11 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 17 12 patronage patronage NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 17 13 lavished lavish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 17 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 17 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 17 16 priesthood priesthood NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 17 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 3 mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 4 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 5 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 7 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 8 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 11 wealthiest wealthy JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 13 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 14 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 16 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 17 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 18 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 19 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 23 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 24 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 26 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 27 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 18 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 2 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 4 Beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 7 mid mid JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 8 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 9 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 11 dynastic dynastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 12 strife strife NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 15 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 17 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 18 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 19 weakened weaken VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 21 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 24 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 25 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 26 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 27 reliant reliant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 28 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 30 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 31 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 19 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 1 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 2 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 4 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 5 sought seek VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 7 restore restore VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 8 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 9 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 11 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 12 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 13 entangled entangled JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 16 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 17 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 18 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 21 ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 22 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 24 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 25 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 26 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 27 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 30 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 31 independent independent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 32 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 33 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 20 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 1 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 2 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 3 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 4 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 6 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 8 richest rich JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 9 provinces province NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 12 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 14 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 15 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 18 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 19 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 21 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 22 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 24 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 25 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 27 Muslim Muslim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 28 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 30 641 641 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 31 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 21 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 22 1 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 22 2 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 22 3 remain remain VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 22 4 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 22 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 22 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 22 7 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 22 8 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 22 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 22 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 22 11 Mediterranean 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23 17 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 18 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 19 1.3.3 1.3.3 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 20 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 21 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 22 Euergetes euergete VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 23 1.4 1.4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 24 Decline Decline NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 25 1.4.1 1.4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 26 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 27 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 28 1.4.2 1.4.2 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 29 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 30 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 31 Epiphanes Epiphanes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 33 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 34 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 35 Philometor Philometor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 36 1.5 1.5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 37 Later late JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 38 Ptolemies ptolemy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 39 1.6 1.6 CD 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23 63 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 64 Cities Cities NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 65 4.1 4.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 66 Naucratis Naucratis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 67 4.2 4.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 68 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 69 4.3 4.3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 70 Ptolemais Ptolemais NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 71 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 72 Demographics demographic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 73 5.1 5.1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 74 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 75 5.2 5.2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 76 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 77 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 78 Agriculture agriculture NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 79 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 80 List List NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 81 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 82 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 83 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 84 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 85 See see VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 86 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 87 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 88 Notes note NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 89 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 90 References reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 91 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 92 Sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 93 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 94 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 95 reading read VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 96 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 97 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 98 links link NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 99 History[edit history[edit VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 100 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 101 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 102 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 103 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 104 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 105 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 106 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 107 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 108 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 109 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 110 best well RBS en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 111 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 112 documented document VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 113 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 114 periods period NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 115 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 116 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 117 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 118 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 119 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 120 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 121 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 122 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 123 discovery discovery NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 124 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 125 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 126 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 127 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 128 papyri papyri NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 129 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 130 ostraca ostraca NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 131 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 132 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 133 Koine Koine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 134 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 135 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 136 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 23 137 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 2 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 4 Background[edit background[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 6 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 8 Pharaoh Pharaoh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 10 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 12 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 13 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 15 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 16 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 17 bust bust NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 18 depicting depict VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 19 Pharaoh Pharaoh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 20 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 21 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 22 Philadelphus Philadelphus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 23 309–246 309–246 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 24 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 25 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 26 332 332 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 27 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 29 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 31 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 33 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 35 Macedon Macedon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 37 invaded invade VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 38 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 40 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 41 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 43 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 44 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 45 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 46 satrapy satrapy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 49 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 50 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 51 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 52 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 54 Thirty Thirty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 55 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 56 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 57 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 58 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 59 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 60 Artaxerxes Artaxerxes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 61 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 24 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 25 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 25 2 11 11 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 25 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 25 4 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 25 5 visited visit VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 25 6 Memphis Memphis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 25 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 25 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 25 9 traveled travel VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 25 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 25 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 25 12 oracle oracle NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 25 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 25 14 Amun Amun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 25 15 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 25 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 25 17 Siwa Siwa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 25 18 Oasis Oasis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 25 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 26 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 26 2 oracle oracle NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 26 3 declared declare VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 26 4 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 26 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 26 6 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 26 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 26 8 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 26 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 26 10 Amun Amun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 26 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 1 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 2 conciliated conciliate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 4 Egyptians Egyptians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 7 respect respect NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 8 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 9 showed show VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 12 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 15 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 16 appointed appoint VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 17 Macedonians Macedonians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 19 virtually virtually RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 20 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 22 senior senior JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 23 posts post NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 26 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 29 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 31 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 32 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 33 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 35 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 37 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 38 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 40 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 41 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 27 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 2 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 4 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 5 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 6 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 8 harnessed harness VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 10 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 12 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 15 rest rest NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 18 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 19 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 28 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 29 1 Early early RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 29 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 29 3 331 331 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 29 4 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 29 5 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 29 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 29 7 ready ready JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 29 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 29 9 depart depart VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 29 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 29 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 29 12 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 29 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 29 14 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 29 15 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 29 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 29 17 Phoenicia Phoenicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 29 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 30 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 30 2 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 30 3 Cleomenes Cleomenes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 30 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 30 5 Naucratis Naucratis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 30 6 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 30 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 30 8 ruling rule VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 30 9 nomarch nomarch NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 30 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 30 11 control control VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 30 12 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 30 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 30 14 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 30 15 absence absence NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 30 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 31 1 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 31 2 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 31 3 returned return VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 31 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 31 5 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 31 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 1 Establishment[edit establishment[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 3 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 4 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 6 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 8 Babylon Babylon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 10 323 323 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 11 BC,[12 BC,[12 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 12 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 14 succession succession NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 15 crisis crisis NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 16 erupted erupt VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 17 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 18 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 19 generals general NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 32 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 1 Initially initially RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 3 Perdiccas Perdiccas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 4 ruled rule VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 6 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 8 regent regent NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 9 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 10 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 12 half half JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 14 brother brother NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 15 Arrhidaeus Arrhidaeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 17 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 18 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 19 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 20 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 22 Macedon Macedon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 25 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 26 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 27 regent regent NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 29 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 30 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 31 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 33 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 34 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 35 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 36 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 37 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 38 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 40 Macedon Macedon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 42 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 43 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 44 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 45 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 46 born bear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 47 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 49 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 50 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 51 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 52 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 53 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 54 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 33 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 34 1 Perdiccas Perdiccas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 34 2 appointed appoint VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 34 3 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 34 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 34 5 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 34 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 34 7 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 34 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 34 9 closest close JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 34 10 companions companion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 34 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 34 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 34 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 34 14 satrap satrap NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 34 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 34 16 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 34 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 2 ruled rule VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 3 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 5 323 323 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 6 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 8 nominally nominally RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 11 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 14 joint joint JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 15 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 16 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 17 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 19 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 20 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 35 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 4 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 6 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 8 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 9 disintegrated disintegrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 11 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 12 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 13 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 14 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 16 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 18 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 19 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 20 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 36 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 2 successfully successfully RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 3 defended defend VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 4 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 5 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 7 invasion invasion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 9 Perdiccas Perdiccas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 11 321 321 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 12 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 15 consolidated consolidate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 16 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 17 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 19 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 22 surrounding surround VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 23 areas area NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 24 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 26 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 29 Diadochi Diadochi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 31 322–301 322–301 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 32 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 37 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 38 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 38 2 305 305 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 38 3 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 38 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 38 5 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 38 6 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 38 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 38 8 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 38 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 38 10 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 38 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 2 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 3 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 4 Soter soter NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 6 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 7 Saviour Saviour NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 11 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 12 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 14 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 15 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 19 rule rule VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 20 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 22 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 23 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 24 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 39 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 1 All all PDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 3 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 4 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 7 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 8 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 10 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 11 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 13 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 14 princesses princess NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 16 queens queen NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 17 preferred prefer VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 19 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 20 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 22 Arsinoë Arsinoë NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 24 Berenice Berenice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 40 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 3 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 4 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 5 adopted adopt VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 7 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 8 custom custom NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 10 marrying marry VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 11 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 12 sisters sister NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 14 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 17 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 18 ruled rule VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 19 jointly jointly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 22 spouses spouse NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 24 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 25 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 26 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 29 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 30 house house NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 41 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 42 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 42 2 custom custom NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 42 3 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 42 4 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 42 5 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 42 6 confusingly confusingly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 42 7 incestuous incestuous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 42 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 42 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 42 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 42 11 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 42 12 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 42 13 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 42 14 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 42 15 feeble feeble JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 42 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 43 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 43 2 only only JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 43 3 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 43 4 Queens queen VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 43 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 43 6 officially officially RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 43 7 rule rule VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 43 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 43 9 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 43 10 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 43 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 43 12 Berenice Berenice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 43 13 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 43 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 43 15 Berenice Berenice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 43 16 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 43 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 44 1 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 44 2 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 44 3 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 44 4 co co NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 44 5 - - NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 44 6 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 44 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 44 8 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 44 9 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 44 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 44 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 44 12 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 44 13 female female NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 44 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 44 15 Berenice Berenice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 44 16 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 44 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 1 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 2 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 3 officially officially RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 4 co co VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 5 - - VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 6 ruled rule VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 8 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 9 XIII XIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 10 Theos Theos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 11 Philopator Philopator NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 13 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 14 XIV XIV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 17 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 18 XV XV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 21 effectively effectively RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 23 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 24 ruled rule VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 25 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 26 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 45 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 46 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 46 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 46 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 46 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 46 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 46 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 46 7 Ptolemies ptolemy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 46 8 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 46 9 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 46 10 disturb disturb VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 46 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 46 12 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 46 13 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 46 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 46 15 customs custom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 46 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 46 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 46 18 Egyptians Egyptians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 46 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 2 citation citation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 5 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 6 built build VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 7 magnificent magnificent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 8 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 9 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 12 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 13 gods god NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 15 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 16 adopted adopt VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 18 outward outward JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 19 display display NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 22 pharaohs pharaohs NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 24 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 47 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 3 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 5 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 6 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 8 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 10 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 12 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 13 veterans veteran NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 15 rewarded reward VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 17 grants grant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 19 farm farm NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 20 lands land NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 23 Macedonians Macedonians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 25 planted plant VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 27 colonies colony NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 29 garrisons garrison NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 30 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 31 settled settle VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 32 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 34 villages village NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 35 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 37 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 48 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 1 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 2 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 4 farthest farthest VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 7 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 9 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 12 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 13 immediately immediately RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 14 affected affect VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 16 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 17 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 18 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 19 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 20 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 22 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 23 colony colony NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 25 Ptolemais Ptolemais NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 26 Hermiou Hermiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 27 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 28 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 29 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 30 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 49 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 2 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 4 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 6 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 7 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 8 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 9 spread spread VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 10 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 12 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 14 intermarriage intermarriage NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 15 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 16 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 18 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 19 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 21 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 22 educated educate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 23 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 50 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 51 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 51 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 51 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 51 4 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 51 5 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 51 6 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 51 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 51 8 privileged privileged JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 51 9 minority minority NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 51 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 51 11 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 51 12 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 51 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 2 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 3 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 4 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 5 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 7 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 9 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 10 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 13 tried try VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 15 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 16 courts court NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 20 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 22 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 23 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 52 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 2 citation citation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 5 Rise[edit rise[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 7 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 8 I[edit i[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 9 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 10 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 11 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 13 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 14 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 16 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 17 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 19 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 20 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 21 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 22 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 24 dominated dominate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 27 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 30 Diadochi Diadochi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 31 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 33 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 34 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 35 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 38 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 39 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 40 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 53 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 54 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 54 2 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 54 3 objective objective NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 54 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 54 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 54 6 hold hold VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 54 7 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 54 8 position position NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 54 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 54 10 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 54 11 securely securely RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 54 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 54 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 54 14 secondly secondly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 54 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 54 16 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 54 17 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 54 18 domain domain NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 54 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 1 Within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 3 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 4 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 5 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 7 gained gain VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 8 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 10 Libya Libya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 12 Coele Coele NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 14 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 16 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 17 Judea Judea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 18 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 21 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 55 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 2 Antigonus Antigonus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 4 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 6 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 8 tried try VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 10 reunite reunite VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 11 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 13 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 15 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 16 joined join VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 18 coalition coalition NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 19 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 20 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 56 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 2 312 312 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 3 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 5 allied ally VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 7 Seleucus Seleucus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 10 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 12 Babylonia Babylonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 14 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 15 defeated defeat VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 16 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 19 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 21 Antigonus Antigonus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 25 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 27 Gaza Gaza NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 57 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 2 311 311 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 3 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 6 peace peace NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 8 concluded conclude VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 9 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 11 combatants combatant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 13 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 15 309 309 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 16 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 17 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 18 broke break VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 19 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 20 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 23 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 24 occupied occupy VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 25 Corinth Corinth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 27 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 28 parts part NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 30 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 32 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 33 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 34 lost lose VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 35 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 36 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 38 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 39 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 41 306 306 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 42 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 58 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 59 1 Antigonus Antigonus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 59 2 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 59 3 tried try VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 59 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 59 5 invade invade VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 59 6 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 59 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 59 8 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 59 9 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 59 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 59 11 frontier frontier NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 59 12 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 59 13 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 59 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 3 coalition coalition NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 5 renewed renew VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 6 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 7 Antigonus Antigonus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 9 302 302 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 10 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 12 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 13 joined join VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 16 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 17 neither neither CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 18 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 19 nor nor CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 20 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 21 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 23 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 24 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 25 Antigonus Antigonus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 27 defeated defeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 29 killed kill VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 30 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 31 Ipsus Ipsus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 60 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 2 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 3 instead instead RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 4 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 6 opportunity opportunity NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 8 secure secure VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 9 Coele Coele NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 11 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 13 Palestine Palestine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 16 breach breach NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 19 agreement agreement NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 20 assigning assign VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 21 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 23 Seleucus Seleucus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 25 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 26 setting set VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 28 scene scene NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 29 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 31 future future JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 32 Syrian syrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 33 Wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 61 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 2 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 4 Thereafter Thereafter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 5 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 6 tried try VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 8 stay stay VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 9 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 11 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 12 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 14 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 15 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 16 retook retake VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 17 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 19 295 295 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 20 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 62 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 1 Feeling feel VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 3 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 5 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 6 secure secure JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 8 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 9 shared share VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 10 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 12 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 13 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 14 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 15 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 16 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 17 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 18 Berenice Berenice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 20 285 285 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 21 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 63 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 2 then then RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 3 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 4 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 5 devoted devote VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 7 retirement retirement NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 9 writing write VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 11 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 14 campaigns campaign NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 16 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 17 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 19 unfortunately unfortunately RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 21 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 22 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 23 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 25 principal principal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 26 source source NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 27 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 29 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 30 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 32 Arrian Arrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 64 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 65 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 65 2 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 65 3 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 65 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 65 5 283 283 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 65 6 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 65 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 65 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 65 9 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 65 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 65 11 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 65 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 66 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 66 2 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 66 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 66 4 stable stable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 66 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 66 6 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 66 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 66 8 governed govern VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 66 9 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 66 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 66 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 66 12 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 66 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 2 II[edit II[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 4 Main Main NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 5 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 7 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 8 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 9 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 10 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 11 Philadelphus Philadelphus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 14 succeeded succeed VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 15 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 16 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 17 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 18 pharaoh pharaoh NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 20 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 22 283 283 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 23 BC,[14 BC,[14 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 24 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 27 peaceful peaceful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 29 cultured cultured JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 30 pharaoh pharaoh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 32 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 33 unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 34 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 35 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 36 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 37 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 38 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 39 warrior warrior NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 67 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 1 Fortunately fortunately RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 3 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 4 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 5 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 6 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 7 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 8 strong strong JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 10 prosperous prosperous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 12 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 13 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 15 campaigning campaigning NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 18 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 19 Syrian Syrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 20 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 21 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 23 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 24 masters master NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 27 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 28 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 30 controlling control VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 32 Aegean aegean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 33 islands island NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 34 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 36 Nesiotic Nesiotic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 37 League League NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 41 coastal coastal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 42 districts district NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 44 Cilicia Cilicia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 46 Pamphylia Pamphylia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 48 Lycia Lycia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 49 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 50 Caria Caria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 68 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 3 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 5 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 6 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 8 lost lose VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 9 near near IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 11 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 14 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 17 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 20 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 21 Syrian Syrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 22 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 69 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 3 270s 270s CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 4 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 6 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 7 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 8 defeated defeat VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 10 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 12 Kush Kush NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 14 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 16 gaining gain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 18 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 19 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 20 access access NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 22 Kushite Kushite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 23 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 25 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 27 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 28 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 29 deposits deposit NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 30 south south RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 32 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 33 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 35 Dodekasoinos Dodekasoinos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 70 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 6 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 9 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 10 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 11 hunting hunting NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 12 stations station NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 14 ports port NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 16 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 17 south south RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 19 Port Port NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 20 Sudan Sudan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 23 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 24 raiding raid VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 25 parties party NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 26 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 27 hundreds hundred NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 29 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 30 searched search VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 31 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 32 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 33 elephants elephant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 71 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 72 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 72 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 72 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 72 4 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 72 5 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 72 6 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 72 7 acquire acquire VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 72 8 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 72 9 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 72 10 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 72 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 72 12 Kush Kush NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 72 13 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 72 14 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 72 15 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 72 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 2 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 4 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 5 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 7 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 8 eager eager JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 9 patron patron NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 11 scholarship scholarship NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 13 funding fund VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 15 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 18 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 20 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 22 patronising patronising JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 23 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 24 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 73 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 1 Poets poet NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 2 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 3 Callimachus Callimachus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 5 Theocritus Theocritus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 7 Apollonius Apollonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 9 Rhodes Rhodes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 11 Posidippus Posidippus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 13 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 15 stipends stipend NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 17 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 18 masterpieces masterpiece NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 20 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 21 poetry poetry NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 23 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 24 panegyrics panegyric NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 26 honour honour NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 29 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 30 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 74 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 75 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 75 2 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 75 3 operating operate VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 75 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 75 5 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 75 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 75 7 aegis aegis NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 75 8 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 75 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 75 10 mathematician mathematician JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 75 11 Euclid Euclid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 75 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 75 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 75 14 astronomer astronomer NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 75 15 Aristarchus Aristarchus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 75 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 3 thought think VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 5 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 6 commissioned commission VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 7 Manetho Manetho NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 9 compose compose VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 11 Aegyptiaca Aegyptiaca NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 13 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 14 account account NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 16 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 17 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 19 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 20 intended intend VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 22 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 23 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 24 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 25 intelligible intelligible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 27 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 28 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 29 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 76 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 2 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 4 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 6 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 7 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 9 Arsinoe Arsinoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 10 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 12 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 14 Lysimachus Lysimachus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 18 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 20 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 21 legitimate legitimate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 22 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 77 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 2 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 3 repudiation repudiation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 4 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 5 followed follow VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 6 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 7 custom custom NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 9 married marry VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 11 sister sister NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 13 Arsinoe Arsinoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 14 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 16 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 18 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 19 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 21 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 22 pleasing please VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 25 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 26 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 28 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 29 serious serious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 30 consequences consequence NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 32 later later JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 33 reigns reign NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 78 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 79 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 79 2 material material NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 79 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 79 4 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 79 5 splendour splendour NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 79 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 79 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 79 8 Alexandrian alexandrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 79 9 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 79 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 79 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 79 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 79 13 height height NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 79 14 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 79 15 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 79 16 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 79 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 1 Callimachus Callimachus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 3 keeper keeper NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 6 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 8 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 10 Theocritus Theocritus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 14 host host NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 16 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 17 poets poet NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 19 glorified glorify VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 21 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 22 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 80 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 81 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 81 2 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 81 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 81 4 eager eager JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 81 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 81 6 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 81 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 81 8 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 81 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 81 10 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 81 11 patronise patronise VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 81 12 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 81 13 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 81 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 82 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 82 2 spent spend VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 82 3 lavishly lavishly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 82 4 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 82 5 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 82 6 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 82 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 82 8 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 82 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 82 10 artistic artistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 82 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 82 12 intellectual intellectual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 82 13 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 82 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 82 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 82 16 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 82 17 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 82 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 83 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 83 2 academies academy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 83 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 83 4 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 83 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 83 6 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 83 7 proved prove VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 83 8 vital vital NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 83 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 83 10 preserving preserve VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 83 11 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 83 12 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 83 13 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 83 14 heritage heritage NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 83 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 84 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 84 2 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 84 3 Euergetes[edit euergetes[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 84 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 84 5 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 84 6 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 84 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 84 8 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 84 9 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 84 10 Euergetes Euergetes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 84 11 Coin Coin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 84 12 depicting depict VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 84 13 Pharaoh Pharaoh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 84 14 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 84 15 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 84 16 Euergetes Euergetes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 84 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 85 1 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 85 2 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 85 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 86 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 86 2 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 86 3 Euergetes Euergetes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 86 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 86 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 86 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 86 7 Benefactor Benefactor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 86 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 86 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 86 10 succeeded succeed VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 86 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 86 12 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 86 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 86 14 246 246 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 86 15 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 86 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 2 abandoned abandon VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 3 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 4 predecessors predecessor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 5 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 6 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 8 keeping keep VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 9 out out IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 12 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 15 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 16 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 17 successor successor NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 18 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 21 plunged plunge VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 22 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 24 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 25 Syrian Syrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 26 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 28 246 246 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 30 241 241 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 31 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 33 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 35 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 36 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 38 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 40 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 41 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 42 sister sister NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 87 44 Queen Queen NNP 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en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 13 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 15 Babylonia Babylonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 17 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 18 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 19 fleets fleet NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 22 Aegean Aegean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 23 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 24 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 25 fresh fresh JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 26 conquests conquest NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 28 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 29 north north RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 31 Thrace Thrace NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 88 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 89 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 89 2 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 89 3 marked mark VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 89 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 89 5 zenith zenith NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 89 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 89 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 89 8 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 89 9 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 89 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 1 Seleucus Seleucus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 2 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 3 Callinicus Callinicus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 4 kept keep VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 6 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 8 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 9 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 10 fleets fleet NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 11 controlled control VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 12 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 15 coasts coast NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 17 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 19 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 90 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 3 triumph triumph NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 4 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 5 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 6 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 7 engaged engage VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 8 actively actively RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 10 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 12 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 13 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 14 supported support VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 16 enemies enemy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 18 Macedon Macedon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 20 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 21 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 91 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 2 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 3 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 4 differed differ VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 7 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 8 's be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 11 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 12 patronised patronise VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 14 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 15 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 16 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 17 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 18 liberally liberally RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 20 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 21 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 92 22 larger large JJR 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en-wikipedia-org-3243 97 40 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 97 41 returning return VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 97 42 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 97 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 98 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 98 2 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3243 98 3 distinguished distinguished JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 98 4 scholar scholar NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 98 5 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 98 6 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 98 7 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 98 8 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 98 9 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 98 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 98 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 98 12 polymath polymath NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 98 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 98 14 geographer geographer NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 98 15 Eratosthenes Eratosthenes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 98 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 98 17 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3243 98 18 noted note VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 98 19 for for IN 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Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 101 32 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 101 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 102 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 102 2 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 102 3 initiated initiate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 102 4 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 102 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 102 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 102 7 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 102 8 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 102 9 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 102 10 237 237 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 102 11 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 102 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 103 1 Work work NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 103 2 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 103 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 103 4 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 103 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 103 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 103 7 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 103 8 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 103 9 ; ; : 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the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 103 58 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 103 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 103 60 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 103 61 XII XII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 103 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 104 1 Decline[edit decline[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3243 104 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 104 3 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 104 4 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 104 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 104 6 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 104 7 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 104 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 104 9 alongside alongside IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 104 10 neighboring neighboring NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 104 11 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 104 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 105 1 Ring re VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 105 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 105 3 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 105 4 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 105 5 Philometor Philometor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 105 6 as as IN 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succeed VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 20 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 21 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 22 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 23 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 24 Philopator Philopator NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 27 weak weak JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 28 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 29 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 30 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 31 precipitated precipitate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 33 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 36 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 37 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 107 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 2 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 4 inaugurated inaugurate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 7 murder murder NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 10 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 13 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 15 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 16 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 18 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 20 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 21 favourites favourite NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 23 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 24 controlled control VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 26 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 108 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 3 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 4 ministers minister NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 6 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 8 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 9 serious serious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 10 preparations preparation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 12 meet meet VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 14 attacks attack NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 16 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 17 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 19 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 20 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 21 Coele Coele NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 23 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 27 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 28 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 29 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 31 Raphia Raphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 33 217 217 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 34 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 35 secured secure VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 37 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 109 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 2 sign sign NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 5 domestic domestic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 6 weakness weakness NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 8 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 9 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 12 rebellions rebellion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 14 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 15 Egyptians Egyptians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 17 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 18 away away RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 19 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 20 half half PDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 22 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 24 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 25 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 26 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 110 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 111 1 Philopator philopator NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 111 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 111 3 devoted devoted JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 111 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 111 5 orgiastic orgiastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 111 6 religions religion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 111 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 111 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 111 9 literature literature VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 111 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 112 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 112 2 married marry VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 112 3 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 112 4 sister sister NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 112 5 Arsinoë Arsinoë NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 112 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 112 7 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 112 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 112 9 ruled rule VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 112 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 112 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 112 12 mistress mistress NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 112 13 Agathoclea Agathoclea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 112 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 1 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 3 predecessors predecessor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 5 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 6 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 7 presented present VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 8 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 11 typical typical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 12 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 13 Pharaoh Pharaoh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 15 actively actively RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 16 supported support VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 18 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 19 priestly priestly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 20 elite elite VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 21 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 22 donations donation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 24 temple temple NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 25 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 113 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 2 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 3 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 4 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 6 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 7 innovation innovation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 9 238 238 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 10 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 12 holding hold VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 14 synod synod NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 16 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 18 priests priest NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 20 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 22 Canopus Canopus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 114 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 2 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 3 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 5 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 6 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 7 holding hold VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 8 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 9 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 10 synod synod NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 12 Memphis Memphis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 14 217 217 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 15 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 17 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 19 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 20 celebrations celebration NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 23 Fourth Fourth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 24 Syrian Syrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 25 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 115 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 2 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 4 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 5 synod synod NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 8 Raphia Raphia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 9 Decree Decree NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 11 issued issue VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 13 15 15 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 14 November November NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 15 217 217 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 16 BC BC NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 18 preserved preserve VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 20 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 21 copies copy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 116 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 117 1 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 117 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 117 3 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 117 4 decrees decree NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 117 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 117 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 117 7 decree decree NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 117 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 117 9 inscribed inscribe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 117 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 117 11 hieroglyphs hieroglyph NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 117 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 117 13 Demotic Demotic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 117 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 117 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 117 16 Koine Koine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 117 17 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 117 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 2 decree decree NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 3 records record VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 5 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 6 success success NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 8 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 9 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 11 Arsinoe Arsinoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 12 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 15 benefactions benefaction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 18 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 19 priestly priestly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 20 elite elite NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 118 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 1 Throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 3 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 4 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 6 presented present VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 8 taking take VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 9 on on RP en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 11 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 13 Horus Horus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 14 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 15 avenges avenge VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 16 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 17 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 19 defeating defeat VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 21 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 23 disorder disorder NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 24 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 27 god god NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 28 Set Set NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 119 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 2 return return NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 5 priests priest NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 6 undertook undertake VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 8 erect erect VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 10 statue statue NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 11 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 13 each each DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 16 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 18 depicting depict VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 20 god god NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 120 23 temple temple NNP 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Theoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 121 13 Philopatores Philopatores NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 121 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 121 15 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 121 16 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 121 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 122 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 122 2 decree decree NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 122 3 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 122 4 seems seem VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 122 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 122 6 represent represent VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 122 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 122 8 successful successful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 122 9 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 122 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 122 11 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 122 12 Pharaonic pharaonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 122 13 ideology ideology NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 122 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 122 15 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 122 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 122 17 the the DT 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] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 12 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 13 articles article NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 14 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 15 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 16 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 17 Epiphanes Epiphanes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 19 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 20 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 21 Philometor Philometor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 22 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 23 mosaic mosaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 25 Thmuis Thmuis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 27 Mendes Mendes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 28 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 30 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 32 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 33 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 35 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 36 artist artist NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 37 Sophilos Sophilos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 39 signature signature NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 42 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 43 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 44 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 46 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 47 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 49 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 50 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 51 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 52 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 53 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 54 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 56 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 57 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 58 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 59 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 60 depicted depict VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 61 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 62 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 63 Berenice Berenice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 64 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 65 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 66 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 67 ruled rule VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 68 jointly jointly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 69 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 70 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 71 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 72 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 73 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 74 Euergetes Euergetes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 75 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 76 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 77 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 78 personification personification NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 79 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 80 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 81 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 82 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 83 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 84 crown crown NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 85 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 86 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 87 ship ship NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 88 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 89 prow prow NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 90 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 91 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 92 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 93 sports sport VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 94 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 95 anchor anchor NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 96 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 97 shaped shape VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 98 brooch brooch NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 99 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 100 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 101 robes robe NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 102 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 103 symbols symbol NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 104 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 105 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 106 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 107 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 108 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 109 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 110 prowess prowess NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 111 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 112 successes success NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 113 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 114 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 115 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 116 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 123 117 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 2 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 4 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 5 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 6 Epiphanes Epiphanes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 8 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 10 Philopator Philopator NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 12 Arsinoë Arsinoë NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 16 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 17 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 18 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 19 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 22 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 26 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 28 regents regent NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 29 ran run VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 31 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 124 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 1 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 2 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 4 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 7 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 8 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 10 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 11 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 13 Macedon Macedon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 14 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 16 compact compact NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 18 seize seize VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 20 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 21 possessions possession NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 125 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 1 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 2 seized seize VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 3 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 4 islands island NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 6 places place NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 8 Caria Caria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 10 Thrace Thrace NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 12 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 14 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 16 Panium Panium NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 18 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 19 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 20 transferred transfer VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 21 Coele Coele NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 23 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 25 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 26 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 27 Seleucid seleucid JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 28 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 126 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 127 1 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 127 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 127 3 defeat defeat NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 127 4 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 127 5 formed form VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 127 6 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 127 7 alliance alliance NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 127 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 127 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 127 10 rising rise VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 127 11 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 127 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 127 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 127 14 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 127 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 127 16 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 127 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 128 1 Once once IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 128 2 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 128 3 reached reach VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 128 4 adulthood adulthood NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 128 5 Epiphanes Epiphanes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 128 6 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 128 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 128 8 tyrant tyrant NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 128 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 128 10 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 128 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 128 12 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 128 13 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 128 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 128 15 180 180 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 128 16 BC bc NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 128 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 129 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 129 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 129 3 succeeded succeed VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 129 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 129 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 129 6 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 129 7 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 129 8 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 129 9 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 129 10 Philometor Philometor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 129 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 2 170 170 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 3 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 5 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 6 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 7 Epiphanes Epiphanes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 8 invaded invade VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 9 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 11 captured capture VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 12 Philometor Philometor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 14 installing instal VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 15 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 16 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 17 Memphis Memphis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 18 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 20 puppet puppet NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 21 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 130 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 1 Philometor Philometor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 3 younger young JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 4 brother brother NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 6 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 7 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 8 VIII VIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 9 Physcon Physcon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 12 installed instal VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 14 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 17 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 18 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 20 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 131 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 132 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 132 2 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 132 3 withdrew withdraw VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 132 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 132 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 132 6 brothers brother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 132 7 agreed agree VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 132 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 132 9 reign reign VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 132 10 jointly jointly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 132 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 132 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 132 13 sister sister NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 132 14 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 132 15 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 132 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 2 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 3 fell fall VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 4 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 6 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 9 quarrels quarrel NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 10 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 12 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 13 brothers brother NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 14 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 15 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 16 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 17 interfere interfere VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 19 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 20 steadily steadily RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 21 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 22 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 23 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 25 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 133 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 134 1 Philometor philometor NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 134 2 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 134 3 regained regain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 134 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 134 5 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 134 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 135 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 135 2 145 145 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 135 3 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 135 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 135 5 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 135 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 135 7 killed kill VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 135 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 135 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 135 10 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 135 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 135 12 Antioch Antioch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 135 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 1 Throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 3 160s 160 NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 5 150s 150s CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 6 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 8 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 9 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 10 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 11 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 12 reasserted reassert VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 13 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 14 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 15 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 17 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 18 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 20 Nubia Nubia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 136 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 2 achievement achievement NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 4 heavily heavily RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 5 advertised advertise VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 6 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 8 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 10 Isis Isis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 12 Philae Philae NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 14 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 16 granted grant VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 18 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 19 revenues revenue NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 22 Dodecaschoenus Dodecaschoenus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 23 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 25 157 157 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 26 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 137 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 1 Decorations decoration NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 2 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 4 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 5 pylon pylon NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 8 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 10 Isis Isis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 12 Philae Philae NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 13 emphasise emphasise VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 15 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 16 claim claim NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 18 rule rule VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 20 whole whole NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 22 Nubia Nubia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 138 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 2 aforementioned aforementioned JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 3 inscription inscription NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 4 regarding regard VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 6 priests priest NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 8 Mandulis Mandulis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 9 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 10 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 11 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 12 Nubian nubian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 13 leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 15 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 17 paying pay VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 18 tribute tribute NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 21 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 22 treasury treasury NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 24 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 25 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 139 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 2 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 4 secure secure VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 6 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 9 strategos strategos NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 11 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 12 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 14 Boethus Boethus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 16 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 17 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 18 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 19 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 21 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 22 Philometris Philometris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 24 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 26 honour honour NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 29 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 30 couple couple NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 140 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 2 20][21 20][21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 4 Later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 5 Ptolemies[edit ptolemies[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 7 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 8 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 9 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 11 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 13 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 15 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 16 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 18 feuds feud NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 19 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 21 members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 24 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 25 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 26 started start VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 28 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 29 last last VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 30 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 31 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 32 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 33 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 141 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 142 1 Philometor philometor NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 142 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 142 3 succeeded succeed VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 142 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 142 5 yet yet RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 142 6 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 142 7 infant infant NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 142 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 142 9 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 142 10 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 142 11 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 142 12 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 142 13 Neos Neos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 142 14 Philopator Philopator NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 142 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 2 Physcon Physcon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 3 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 4 returned return VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 6 killed kill VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 7 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 8 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 9 nephew nephew NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 11 seized seize VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 13 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 16 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 17 VIII VIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 18 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 19 proved prove VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 20 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 22 cruel cruel JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 23 tyrant tyrant NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 143 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 3 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 5 116 116 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 6 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 7 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 8 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 10 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 12 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 13 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 14 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 15 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 17 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 18 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 19 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 20 IX IX NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 21 Philometor Philometor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 22 Soter Soter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 23 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 144 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 2 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 3 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 5 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 6 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 8 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 9 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 11 107 107 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 12 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 14 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 15 reigned reign VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 16 jointly jointly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 18 Euergetes Euergetes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 20 youngest young JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 21 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 22 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 23 X X NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 24 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 145 25 I. i. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 2 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 3 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 4 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 5 IX IX NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 6 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 7 returned return VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 10 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 13 retained retain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 15 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 16 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 17 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 19 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 20 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 146 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 147 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 147 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 147 3 succeeded succeed VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 147 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 147 5 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 147 6 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 147 7 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 147 8 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 147 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 147 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 147 11 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 147 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 147 13 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 147 14 X. X. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 3 lynched lynch VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 6 Alexandrian alexandrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 7 mob mob NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 8 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 9 murdering murder VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 11 stepmother stepmother NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 13 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 15 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 16 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 17 cousin cousin NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 19 aunt aunt NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 21 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 148 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 2 sordid sordid JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 3 dynastic dynastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 4 quarrels quarrel NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 5 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 6 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 7 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 8 weakened weaken VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 9 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 11 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 12 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 14 de de FW en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 15 facto facto FW en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 16 protectorate protectorate NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 18 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 21 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 23 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 24 absorbed absorb VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 25 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 28 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 29 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 149 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 2 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 4 succeeded succeed VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 7 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 9 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 10 IX IX NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 12 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 13 XII XII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 14 Neos Neos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 15 Dionysos Dionysos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 17 nicknamed nickname VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 18 Auletes Auletes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 21 flute flute NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 23 player player NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 150 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 151 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 151 2 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 151 3 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 151 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 151 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 151 6 arbiter arbiter NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 151 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 151 8 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 151 9 affairs affair NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 151 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 151 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 151 12 annexed annex VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 151 13 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 151 14 Libya Libya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 151 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 151 16 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 151 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 2 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 3 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 4 Auletes Auletes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 6 driven drive VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 7 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 10 Alexandrian alexandrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 11 mob mob NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 13 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 15 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 16 restored restore VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 17 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 19 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 20 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 21 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 22 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 152 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 2 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 4 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 5 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 7 leaving leave VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 9 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 11 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 12 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 14 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 16 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 17 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 19 seventeen seventeen CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 21 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 22 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 23 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 24 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 26 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 27 XIII XIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 28 Theos Theos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 29 Philopator Philopator NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 31 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 32 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 34 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 35 reigned reign VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 36 jointly jointly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 38 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 40 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 153 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 1 Final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 2 years[edit years[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 4 Cleopatra[edit cleopatra[edit JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 9 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 10 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 11 Coin Coin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 13 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 14 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 16 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 17 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 18 effigy[22 effigy[22 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 20 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 21 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 22 ascended ascend VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 24 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 25 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 26 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 28 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 30 seventeen seventeen CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 31 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 33 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 35 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 36 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 38 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 39 XII XII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 40 Neos Neos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 41 Dionysos Dionysos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 154 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 1 She -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 2 reigned reign VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 3 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 4 queen queen JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 5 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 6 philopator philopator NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 9 pharaoh pharaoh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 11 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 12 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 13 co co NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 14 - - NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 15 regents regent NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 17 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 19 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 20 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 21 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 22 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 23 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 24 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 26 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 28 39 39 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 155 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 156 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 156 2 demise demise NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 156 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 156 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 156 5 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 156 6 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 156 7 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 156 8 coincided coincide VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 156 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 156 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 156 11 growing grow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 156 12 dominance dominance NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 156 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 156 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 156 15 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 156 16 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 156 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 2 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 3 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 4 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 5 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 6 falling fall VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 8 Macedon Macedon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 11 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 12 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 15 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 16 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 17 little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 18 choice choice NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 21 ally ally VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 24 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 26 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 27 pact pact NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 28 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 29 lasted last VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 30 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 31 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 32 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 157 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 2 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 4 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 6 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 8 achieved achieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 10 massive massive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 11 amount amount NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 13 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 14 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 15 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 16 politics politic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 18 finances finance NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 21 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 22 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 24 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 25 senate senate NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 27 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 28 declared declare VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 30 guardian guardian NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 33 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 34 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 35 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 36 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 37 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 38 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 40 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 41 XII XII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 43 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 44 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 45 paid pay VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 46 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 47 sums sum NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 49 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 50 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 52 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 53 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 54 tribute tribute NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 55 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 57 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 58 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 59 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 60 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 61 regain regain VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 62 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 63 secure secure VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 64 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 65 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 66 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 67 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 68 rebellion rebellion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 69 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 70 brief brief JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 71 coup coup NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 72 led lead VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 73 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 74 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 75 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 76 daughters daughter NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 77 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 78 Tryphaena Tryphaena NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 79 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 80 Berenice Berenice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 81 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 158 82 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 1 Both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 2 daughters daughter NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 4 killed kill VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 6 Auletes Auletes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 7 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 8 reclaiming reclaiming NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 11 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 12 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 13 Tryphaena Tryphaena NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 14 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 15 assassination assassination NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 17 Berenice Berenice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 19 execution execution NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 21 leaving leave VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 22 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 23 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 26 oldest old JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 27 surviving survive VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 28 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 30 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 31 Auletes Auletes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 159 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 160 1 Traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 160 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 160 3 Ptolemaic ptolemaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 160 4 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 160 5 siblings sibling NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 160 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 160 7 married married JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 160 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 160 9 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 160 10 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 160 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 160 12 ascension ascension NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 160 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 160 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 160 15 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 160 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 161 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 161 2 marriages marriage NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 161 3 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 161 4 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 161 5 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 161 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 161 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 161 8 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 161 9 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 161 10 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 161 11 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 161 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 161 13 ceremonial ceremonial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 161 14 union union NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 161 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 161 16 consolidate consolidate VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 161 17 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 161 18 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 161 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 2 Auletes Auletes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 3 expressed express VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 4 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 5 wish wish NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 6 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 7 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 9 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 10 brother brother NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 11 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 12 XIII XIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 14 marry marry VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 16 rule rule VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 17 jointly jointly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 19 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 20 will will NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 23 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 25 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 26 senate senate NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 28 named name VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 30 executor executor NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 32 giving give VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 33 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 34 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 35 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 36 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 38 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 41 thereby thereby RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 44 fate fate NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 46 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 47 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 49 nation nation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 162 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 2 XII XII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 4 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 6 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 7 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 9 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 10 offerings offering NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 12 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 13 Gods god NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 17 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 19 Hathor Hathor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 21 Dendera Dendera NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 23 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 24 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 26 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 28 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 29 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 31 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 32 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 34 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 35 younger young JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 36 brother brother NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 37 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 38 XIII XIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 39 inherited inherit VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 41 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 43 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 44 married marry VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 163 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 164 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 164 2 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 164 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 164 4 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 164 5 nominal nominal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 164 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 164 7 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 164 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 164 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 164 10 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 164 11 relationship relationship NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 164 12 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 164 13 degenerated degenerate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 164 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 1 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 3 finally finally RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 4 stripped strip VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 6 authority authority NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 8 title title NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 10 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 11 XIII XIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 13 advisors advisor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 15 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 16 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 17 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 18 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 19 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 21 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 22 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 165 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 166 1 Fleeing flee VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 166 2 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 166 3 exile exile NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 166 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 166 5 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 166 6 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 166 7 attempt attempt VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 166 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 166 9 raise raise VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 166 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 166 11 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 166 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 166 13 reclaim reclaim VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 166 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 166 15 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 166 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 1 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 2 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 3 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 4 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 6 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 8 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 9 BC bc NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 11 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 12 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 13 quell quell VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 15 looming loom VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 16 civil civil JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 17 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 20 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 22 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 24 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 25 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 26 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 28 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 29 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 30 greatest great JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 31 suppliers supplier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 33 grain grain NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 35 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 36 expensive expensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 37 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 39 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 40 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 41 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 42 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 43 detrimental detrimental JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 44 effect effect NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 45 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 46 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 47 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 48 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 50 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 51 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 52 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 53 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 54 working work VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 55 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 56 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 57 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 167 58 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 3 stay stay NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 6 Alexandrian alexandrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 7 palace palace NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 9 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 10 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 11 22-year 22-year CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 13 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 14 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 16 allegedly allegedly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 17 carried carry VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 19 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 21 secret secret NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 22 wrapped wrap VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 25 carpet carpet NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 168 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 169 1 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 169 2 agreed agree VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 169 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 169 4 support support VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 169 5 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 169 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 169 7 claim claim NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 169 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 169 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 169 10 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 169 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 2 XIII XIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 4 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 5 advisors advisor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 6 fled flee VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 8 palace palace NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 10 turning turn VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 12 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 13 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 14 loyal loyal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 17 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 18 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 19 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 21 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 23 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 24 barricaded barricade VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 25 themselves -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 28 palace palace NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 29 complex complex NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 30 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 31 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 32 reinforcements reinforcement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 33 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 34 arrive arrive VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 35 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 36 combat combat VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 38 rebellion rebellion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 40 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 41 afterward afterward RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 42 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 44 battles battle NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 45 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 46 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 170 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 2 XIII XIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 4 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 6 ultimately ultimately RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 7 defeated defeat VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 8 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 10 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 13 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 16 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 18 killed kill VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 21 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 23 reportedly reportedly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 24 drowning drown VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 27 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 28 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 29 attempting attempt VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 31 flee flee VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 33 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 34 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 35 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 171 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 172 1 Relief relief NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 172 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 172 3 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 172 4 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 172 5 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 172 6 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 172 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 172 8 Caesarion Caesarion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 172 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 172 10 Dendera Dendera NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 172 11 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 172 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 172 13 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 172 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 3 summer summer NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 5 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 6 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 8 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 9 married marry VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 10 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 11 younger young JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 12 brother brother NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 13 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 14 XIV XIV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 16 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 17 embarked embark VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 19 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 20 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 22 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 24 month month NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 25 trip trip NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 26 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 28 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 173 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 1 Together together RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 3 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 4 visited visit VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 5 Dendara Dendara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 7 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 8 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 10 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 11 worshiped worship VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 13 pharaoh pharaoh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 16 honor honor NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 17 beyond beyond IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 18 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 19 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 20 reach reach NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 174 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 175 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 175 2 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 175 3 lovers lover NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 175 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 175 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 175 6 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 175 7 bore bear VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 175 8 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 175 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 175 10 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 175 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 175 12 Caesarion Caesarion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 175 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 2 45 45 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 3 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 5 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 7 Caesarion Caesarion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 8 left leave VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 9 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 10 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 11 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 13 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 14 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 15 stayed stay VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 18 palace palace NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 19 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 21 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 23 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 24 honor honor NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 176 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 177 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 177 2 44 44 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 177 3 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 177 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 177 5 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 177 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 177 7 murdered murder VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 177 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 177 9 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 177 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 177 11 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 177 12 Senators senator NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 177 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 178 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 178 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 178 3 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 178 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 178 5 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 178 6 split split VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 178 7 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 178 8 supporters supporter NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 178 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 178 10 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 178 11 Antony Antony NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 178 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 178 13 Octavian Octavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 178 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 2 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 3 Antony Antony NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 4 seemed seem VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 5 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 6 prevail prevail VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 8 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 9 supported support VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 10 him -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 13 shortly shortly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 14 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 16 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 17 too too RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 18 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 19 lovers lover NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 21 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 22 married marry VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 24 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 26 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 27 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 28 marriage marriage NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 29 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 30 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 31 recognized recognize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 32 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 33 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 34 law law NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 36 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 37 Antony Antony NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 38 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 39 married married JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 40 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 42 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 43 woman woman NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 44 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 179 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 2 union union NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 3 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 4 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 5 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 6 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 8 twins twin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 9 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 10 Selene Selene NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 12 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 13 Helios Helios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 16 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 17 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 19 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 20 Philadelphos Philadelphos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 180 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 181 1 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 181 2 Antony Antony NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 181 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 181 4 alliance alliance NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 181 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 181 6 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 181 7 angered anger VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 181 8 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 181 9 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 181 10 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 181 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 1 Branded brand VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 3 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 5 hungry hungry JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 6 enchantress enchantress NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 9 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 11 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 12 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 13 accused accuse VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 15 seducing seduce VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 16 Antony Antony NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 18 further further VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 19 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 20 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 22 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 182 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 1 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 2 outrage outrage NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 3 followed follow VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 4 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 6 donations donation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 8 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 9 ceremony ceremony NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 11 autumn autumn NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 13 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 14 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 16 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 17 Tarsus Tarsus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 19 Cyrene Cyrene NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 21 Crete Crete NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 23 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 26 Judaea Judaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 27 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 28 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 29 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 30 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 31 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 33 client client NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 34 monarchies monarchy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 36 Antony Antony NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 37 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 38 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 39 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 40 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 183 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 3 will will NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 4 Antony Antony NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 5 expressed express VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 7 desire desire NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 9 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 10 buried bury VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 12 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 14 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 15 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 16 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 18 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 21 event event NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 23 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 24 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 26 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 27 Octavian Octavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 28 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 29 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 30 Antony Antony NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 32 sowing sow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 33 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 34 dissent dissent NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 37 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 38 populace populace NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 184 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 1 Left left JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 2 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 4 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 5 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 6 bust bust NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 9 Altes Altes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 10 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 12 Antikensammlung Antikensammlung NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 13 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 15 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 16 artwork artwork NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 18 1st 1st JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 19 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 20 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 21 Right Right NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 22 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 23 bust bust NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 25 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 26 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 28 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 29 40–30 40–30 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 30 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 32 Vatican Vatican NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 33 Museums Museums NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 35 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 36 her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 37 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 39 ' ' `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 40 melon melon NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 41 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 42 hairstyle hairstyle NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 44 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 45 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 46 diadem diadem NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 47 worn wear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 48 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 49 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 50 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 51 Octavian Octavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 52 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 53 quick quick JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 54 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 55 declare declare VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 56 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 57 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 58 Antony Antony NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 59 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 60 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 61 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 62 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 63 opinion opinion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 64 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 65 Antony Antony NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 66 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 67 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 185 68 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 2 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 3 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 4 met meet VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 5 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 6 Actium Actium NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 8 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 10 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 12 Marcus Marcus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 13 Vipsanius Vipsanius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 14 Agrippa Agrippa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 15 defeated defeat VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 17 navy navy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 19 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 21 Antony Antony NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 186 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 187 1 Octavian Octavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 187 2 waited wait VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 187 3 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 187 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 187 5 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 187 6 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 187 7 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 187 8 claimed claim VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 187 9 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 187 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 187 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 187 12 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 187 13 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 187 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 188 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 188 2 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 188 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 188 4 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 188 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 188 6 easily easily RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 188 7 defeated defeat VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 188 8 Mark Mark NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 188 9 Antony Antony NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 188 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 188 11 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 188 12 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 188 13 outside outside IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 188 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 188 15 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 188 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 1 Facing face VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 2 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 3 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 4 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 6 hands hand NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 8 Octavian Octavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 10 Antony Antony NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 11 attempted attempt VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 12 suicide suicide NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 13 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 14 falling fall VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 15 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 16 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 17 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 18 sword sword NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 20 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 21 survived survive VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 22 briefly briefly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 189 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 3 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 5 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 6 remaining remain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 7 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 9 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 11 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 12 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 13 barricaded barricade VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 14 herself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 16 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 17 mausoleum mausoleum NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 19 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 20 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 21 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 22 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 23 after after RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 190 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 1 Knowing know VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 2 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 3 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 4 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 5 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 6 taken take VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 8 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 10 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 11 paraded parade VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 13 Octavian Octavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 14 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 15 triumph triumph NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 18 likely likely RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 19 executed execute VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 20 thereafter thereafter RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 23 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 25 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 26 handmaidens handmaiden NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 27 committed commit VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 28 suicide suicide NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 29 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 30 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 31 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 32 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 33 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 191 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 1 Legend legend NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 3 numerous numerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 4 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 5 sources source NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 6 claim claim VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 7 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 8 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 9 died die VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 11 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 14 venomous venomous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 15 bite bite NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 17 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 18 asp asp NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 20 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 21 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 22 state state VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 24 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 25 used use VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 26 poison poison NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 29 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 30 Octavian Octavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 31 ordered order VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 32 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 33 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 34 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 192 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 1 Caesarion caesarion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 3 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 4 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 5 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 6 Julius Julius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 7 Caesar Caesar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 9 nominally nominally RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 10 succeeded succeed VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 11 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 12 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 14 capture capture NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 16 supposed suppose VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 17 execution execution NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 20 weeks week NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 21 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 22 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 23 mother mother NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 24 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 25 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 193 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 1 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 2 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 3 children child NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 4 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 5 Antony Antony NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 7 spared spare VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 9 Octavian Octavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 11 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 13 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 14 sister sister NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 17 Antony Antony NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 19 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 20 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 21 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 22 Octavia Octavia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 23 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 26 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 27 raised raise VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 29 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 30 household household NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 194 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 1 No no DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 2 further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 3 mention mention NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 4 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 5 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 7 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 9 Antony Antony NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 10 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 11 sons son NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 14 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 15 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 16 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 18 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 19 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 22 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 23 daughter daughter NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 24 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 25 Selene Selene NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 26 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 27 eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 28 married marry VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 29 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 30 arrangement arrangement NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 31 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 32 Octavian Octavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 33 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 35 Mauretanian mauretanian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 36 royal royal NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 37 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 195 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 196 1 Through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 196 2 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 196 3 offspring offspring NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 196 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 196 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 196 6 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 196 7 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 196 8 intermarried intermarry VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 196 9 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 196 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 196 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 196 12 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 196 13 nobility nobility NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 196 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 196 15 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 196 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 1 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 3 deaths death NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 5 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 7 Caesarion Caesarion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 10 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 12 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 15 entirety entirety NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 17 pharaonic pharaonic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 18 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 19 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 20 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 22 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 197 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 198 1 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 198 2 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 198 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 198 4 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 198 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 198 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 198 7 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 198 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 198 9 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 198 10 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 198 11 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 198 12 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 198 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 198 14 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 198 15 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 198 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 199 1 Octavian Octavian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 199 2 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 199 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 199 4 sole sole JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 199 5 ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 199 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 199 7 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 199 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 199 9 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 199 10 converting convert VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 199 11 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 199 12 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 199 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 199 14 monarchy monarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 199 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 199 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 199 17 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 199 18 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 199 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 1 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 2 rule[edit rule[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 4 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 5 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 7 Aegyptus Aegyptus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 9 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 10 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 12 Bust Bust NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 14 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 15 Nobleman Nobleman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 17 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 18 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 19 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 20 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 21 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 22 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 24 54.51 54.51 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 26 Brooklyn Brooklyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 27 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 28 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 29 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 30 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 32 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 33 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 34 governed govern VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 35 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 36 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 37 prefect prefect NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 38 selected select VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 39 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 41 emperor emperor NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 42 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 44 Equestrian equestrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 45 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 47 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 48 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 49 governor governor NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 50 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 52 Senatorial senatorial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 53 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 54 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 55 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 56 prevent prevent VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 57 interference interference NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 58 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 60 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 61 Senate Senate NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 200 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 201 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 201 2 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 201 3 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 201 4 interest interest NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 201 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 201 6 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 201 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 201 8 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 201 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 201 10 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 201 11 delivery delivery NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 201 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 201 13 grain grain NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 201 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 201 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 201 16 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 201 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 201 18 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 201 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 1 To to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 2 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 3 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 5 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 6 administration administration NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 7 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 8 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 9 change change NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 12 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 13 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 15 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 17 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 18 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 19 replaced replace VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 20 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 23 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 24 offices office NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 202 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 2 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 3 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 5 staff staff VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 6 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 9 administrative administrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 10 offices office NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 12 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 13 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 15 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 17 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 18 except except IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 19 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 21 highest high JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 22 levels level NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 203 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 204 1 Unlike unlike IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 204 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 204 3 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 204 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 204 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 204 6 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 204 7 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 204 8 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 204 9 settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 204 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 204 11 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 204 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 204 13 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 204 14 numbers number NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 204 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 205 1 Culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 205 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 205 3 education education NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 205 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 205 5 civic civic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 205 6 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 205 7 largely largely RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 205 8 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 205 9 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 205 10 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 205 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 205 12 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 205 13 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 205 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 2 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 4 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 6 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 8 respected respect VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 10 protected protect VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 11 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 12 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 14 customs custom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 16 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 18 cult cult NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 21 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 22 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 26 Emperor Emperor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 27 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 28 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 29 introduced introduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 206 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 2 citation citation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 5 Culture[edit culture[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 7 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 8 mosaic mosaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 11 dog dog NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 13 askos askos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 14 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 15 vessel vessel NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 16 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 17 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 18 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 20 dated date VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 21 200 200 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 22 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 23 150 150 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 24 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 26 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 28 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 29 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 31 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 33 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 34 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 35 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 37 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 38 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 39 advice advice NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 40 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 41 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 43 Phalerum Phalerum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 44 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 45 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 47 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 49 Alexandria,[23 Alexandria,[23 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 50 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 51 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 52 research research NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 53 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 54 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 55 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 57 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 58 sector sector NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 61 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 207 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 208 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 208 2 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 208 3 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 208 4 housed house VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 208 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 208 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 208 7 same same JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 208 8 sector sector NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 208 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 208 10 funded fund VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 208 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 208 12 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 208 13 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 208 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 209 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 209 2 23 23 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 209 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 209 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 209 5 chief chief JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 209 6 librarian librarian NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 209 7 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 209 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 209 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 209 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 209 11 crown crown NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 209 12 prince prince NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 209 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 209 14 tutor tutor NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 209 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 6 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 7 hundred hundred CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 9 fifty fifty CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 10 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 13 existence existence NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 16 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 17 drew draw VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 19 top top JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 20 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 21 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 22 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 23 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 24 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 26 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 27 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 210 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 211 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 211 2 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 211 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 211 4 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 211 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 211 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 211 7 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 211 8 academic academic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 211 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 211 10 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 211 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 211 12 scientific scientific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 211 13 centre centre NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 211 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 211 15 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 211 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 2 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 4 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 5 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 6 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 8 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 9 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 10 minor minor JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 11 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 13 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 14 long long RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 15 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 16 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 18 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 19 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 21 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 23 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 212 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 213 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 213 2 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 213 3 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 213 4 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 213 5 colonists colonist NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 213 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 213 7 encouraged encourage VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 213 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 213 9 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 213 10 Pharaohs Pharaohs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 213 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 213 12 set set VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 213 13 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3243 213 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 213 15 trading trading NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 213 16 post post NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 213 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 213 18 Naucratis Naucratis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 213 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 2 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 3 came come VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 5 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 6 domination domination NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 8 decline decline NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 11 Pharaohs Pharaohs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 12 depended depend VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 15 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 17 mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 19 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 20 advisors advisor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 214 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 3 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 4 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 5 over over RP en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 6 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 8 Naucratis Naucratis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 9 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 10 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 11 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 12 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 13 port port NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 16 colonist colonist NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 17 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 18 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 19 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 21 mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 23 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 25 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Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 215 49 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 216 1 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 216 2 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 216 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 216 4 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 216 5 arrived arrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 216 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 216 7 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 216 8 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 216 9 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 216 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 216 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 216 12 site site NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 216 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 216 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 216 15 Persian persian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 216 16 fort fort NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 216 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 216 18 Rhakortis Rhakortis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 216 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 1 Following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 2 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 4 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 6 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 7 passed pass VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 8 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 10 hands hand NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 13 Lagid Lagid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 15 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 17 Dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 19 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 20 built build VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 21 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 22 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 23 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 24 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 25 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 27 gave give VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 28 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 29 grants grant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 30 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 31 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 34 veterans veteran NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 36 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 37 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 38 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 39 conflicts conflict NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 217 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 218 1 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 218 2 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 218 3 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 218 4 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 218 5 thrive thrive VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 218 6 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 218 7 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 218 8 Rome Rome NNP 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en-wikipedia-org-3243 219 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 219 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 219 10 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 219 11 divinity divinity NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 219 12 Marble Marble NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 219 13 Head Head NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 219 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 219 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 219 16 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 219 17 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 219 18 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 219 19 depictions depiction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 219 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 219 21 Arsinoe Arsinoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 219 22 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 219 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 2 left left NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 6 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 7 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 8 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 9 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 13 right right NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 14 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 17 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 18 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 19 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 220 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 1 Art[edit art[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 3 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 4 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 6 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 7 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 9 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 12 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 13 Rulers Rulers NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 15 304–30 304–30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 16 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 20 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 21 concentrated concentrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 22 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 23 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 25 bounds bound NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 28 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 29 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 221 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 2 26][27 26][27 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 4 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 5 first first RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 7 artworks artwork NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 8 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 9 separately separately RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 11 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 13 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 16 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 17 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 19 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 20 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 21 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 23 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 24 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 25 began begin VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 27 combine combine VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 222 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 223 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 223 2 continuation continuation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 223 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 223 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 223 5 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 223 6 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 223 7 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 223 8 evidences evidence VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 223 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 223 10 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 223 11 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 223 12 commitment commitment NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 223 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 223 14 maintaining maintain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 223 15 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 223 16 customs custom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 223 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 224 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 224 2 strategy strategy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 224 3 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 224 4 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 224 5 helped help VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 224 6 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 224 7 legitimize legitimize VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 224 8 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 224 9 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 224 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 224 11 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 224 12 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 224 13 placated placate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 224 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 224 15 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 224 16 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 224 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 2 28 28 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 4 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 6 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 7 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 9 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 10 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 11 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 12 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 13 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 15 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 17 parallel parallel NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 18 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 20 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 21 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 22 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 23 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 26 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 27 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 28 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 29 altered alter VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 30 significantly significantly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 31 without without IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 32 changing change VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 33 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 34 intrinsic intrinsic NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 36 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 37 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 38 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 39 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 225 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 2 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 4 Art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 5 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 6 outside outside RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 8 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 9 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 11 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 12 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 14 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 15 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 17 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 18 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 19 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 20 iconography iconography NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 21 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 22 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 23 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 24 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 25 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 26 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 29 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 30 adapted adapt VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 31 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 226 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 227 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 227 2 30][31 30][31 LS en-wikipedia-org-3243 227 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 227 4 Faience faience NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 227 5 sistrum sistrum NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 227 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 227 7 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 227 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 227 9 Hathor Hathor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 227 10 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 227 11 bovine bovine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 227 12 ears ear NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 227 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 227 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 227 15 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 227 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 227 17 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 227 18 I. I. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 2 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 4 Color color NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 6 intermediate intermediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 7 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 8 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 9 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 10 color color NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 12 colors color NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 13 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 14 characteristic characteristic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 16 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 18 era era NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 19 faience faience NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 228 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 2 33 33 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 8 faience faience NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 9 sistrum sistrum NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 10 inscribed inscribe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 13 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 15 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 16 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 17 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 18 deceptively deceptively RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 19 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 20 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 22 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 25 scrolls scroll NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 26 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 28 top top NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 229 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 3 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 4 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 5 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 6 examples example NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 8 nearly nearly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 9 identical identical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 10 sistrums sistrum NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 12 columns column NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 13 dating date VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 14 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 16 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 18 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 19 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 22 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 23 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 230 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 231 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 231 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 231 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 231 4 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 231 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 231 6 purely purely RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 231 7 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 231 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 231 9 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 231 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 1 Aside aside RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 4 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 7 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 9 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 10 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 11 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 12 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 13 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 14 specifically specifically RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 15 date date VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 16 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 19 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 20 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 232 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 233 1 Most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3243 233 2 distinctively distinctively RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 233 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 233 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 233 5 color color NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 233 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 233 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 233 8 faience faience NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 233 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 1 Apple apple NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 2 green green JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 4 deep deep JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 5 blue blue NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 8 lavender lavender NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 10 blue blue JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 11 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 13 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 14 colors color NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 15 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 16 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 17 used use VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 18 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 19 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 20 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 23 shift shift NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 24 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 26 characteristic characteristic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 27 blue blue NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 30 earlier early JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 31 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 234 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 2 32 32 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 4 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 5 sistrum sistrum NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 6 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 8 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 10 intermediate intermediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 11 hue hue NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 13 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 14 fits fit VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 16 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 17 date date NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 20 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 23 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 24 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 235 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 3 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 5 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 6 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 8 Arsinoe Arsinoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 9 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 11 deified deify VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 12 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 14 stand stand VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 16 alone alone RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 17 goddesses goddess NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 18 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 20 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 21 personification personification NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 23 another another DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 24 divine divine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 25 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 27 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 28 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 29 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 30 sanctuaries sanctuary NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 32 festivals festival NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 34 association association NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 35 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 36 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 37 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 39 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 40 gods god NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 42 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 43 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 44 Isis Isis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 46 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 47 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 48 Hera Hera NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 50 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 51 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 236 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 237 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 237 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 237 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 237 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 237 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 237 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 237 7 Head Head NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 237 8 Attributed attribute VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 237 9 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 237 10 Arsinoe Arsinoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 237 11 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 237 12 deified deify VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 237 13 her -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 237 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 237 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 237 16 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 237 17 goddess goddess NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 237 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 238 1 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 238 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 238 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 238 4 Marble Marble NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 238 5 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 238 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 238 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 238 8 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 238 9 queen queen NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 238 10 deified deify VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 238 11 Arsinoe Arsinoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 238 12 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 238 13 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 238 14 Hera Hera NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 238 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 2 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 4 Coins coin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 6 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 7 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 8 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 9 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 10 Arsinoe Arsinoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 11 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 14 diadem diadem NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 15 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 16 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 17 solely solely RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 18 worn wear VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 20 goddesses goddess NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 22 deified deify VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 23 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 24 women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 239 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 2 35 35 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 4 Relief relief NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 7 temple temple NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 9 Kom Kom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 10 Ombo Ombo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 11 depicting depict VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 12 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 13 VIII VIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 14 receiving receive VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 16 sed sed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 17 symbol symbol NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 18 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 19 Horus Horus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 240 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 5 Statuette Statuette NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 7 Arsinoe Arsinoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 8 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 10 created create VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 11 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 12 150–100 150–100 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 13 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 15 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 16 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 17 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 18 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 20 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 22 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 24 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 25 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 26 specific specific JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 27 posthumous posthumous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 28 cult cult NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 31 started start VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 32 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 33 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 34 husband husband NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 35 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 36 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 241 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 242 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 242 2 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 242 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 242 4 exemplifies exemplify VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 242 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 242 6 fusing fusing NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 242 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 242 8 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 242 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 242 10 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 242 11 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 242 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 3 backpillar backpillar NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 6 goddess goddess NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 7 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 8 striding striding NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 9 pose pose NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 10 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 11 distinctively distinctively RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 12 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 15 cornucopia cornucopia NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 16 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 17 holds hold VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 19 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 20 hairstyle hairstyle NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 21 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 22 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 23 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 25 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 243 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 244 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 244 2 rounded rounded JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 244 3 eyes eye NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 244 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 244 5 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 244 6 lips lip NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 244 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 244 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 244 9 overall overall JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 244 10 youthful youthful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 244 11 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 244 12 show show VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 244 13 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 244 14 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 244 15 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 244 16 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 244 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 2 37 37 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 4 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 6 Kom Kom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 7 Ombo Ombo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 8 constructed construct VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 10 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 11 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 13 180–47 180–47 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 14 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 15 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 17 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 19 modified modify VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 22 Romans Romans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 245 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 246 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 246 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 246 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 246 4 double double JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 246 5 temple temple NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 246 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 246 7 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 246 8 sets set NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 246 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 246 10 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 246 11 dedicated dedicate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 246 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 246 13 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 246 14 separate separate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 246 15 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 246 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 1 Despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 3 unification unification NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 5 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 7 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 8 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 11 intermediate intermediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 12 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 13 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 16 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 17 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 18 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 19 featured feature VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 20 prominent prominent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 21 temple temple NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 22 construction construction NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 25 continuation continuation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 27 developments development NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 28 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 29 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 30 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 31 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 32 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 33 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 35 Thirtieth Thirtieth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 36 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 247 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 2 38][39 38][39 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 4 Such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 5 behavior behavior NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 6 expanded expand VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 8 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 9 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 10 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 12 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 13 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 15 demonstrated demonstrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 16 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 17 loyalty loyalty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 18 toward toward IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 19 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 20 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 24 satisfaction satisfaction NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 27 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 28 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 248 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 2 40 40 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 4 Temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 5 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 6 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 7 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 8 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 10 Late Late NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 11 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 12 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 14 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 15 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 16 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 18 oftentimes oftentime NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 19 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 21 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 22 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 249 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 4 Temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 6 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 9 cosmic cosmic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 10 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 11 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 12 basic basic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 13 plans plan NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 14 retaining retain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 16 pylon pylon NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 18 open open JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 19 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 21 hypostyle hypostyle NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 22 halls hall NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 25 dark dark JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 27 centrally centrally RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 28 located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 29 sanctuary sanctuary NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 250 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 4 However however RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 6 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 8 presenting present VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 9 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 10 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 11 columns column NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 13 reliefs relief NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 14 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 15 formal formal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 17 rigid rigid JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 18 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 20 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 21 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 251 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 1 Scenes scene NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 3 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 4 framed frame VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 6 textual textual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 7 inscriptions inscription NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 9 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 11 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 12 text text NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 14 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 15 ratio ratio NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 16 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 17 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 18 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 19 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 21 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 22 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 252 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 2 38 38 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 4 For for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 8 relief relief NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 11 temple temple NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 13 Kom Kom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 14 Ombo Ombo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 16 separated separate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 18 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 19 scenes scene NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 20 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 21 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 22 vertical vertical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 23 columns column NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 25 texts text NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 253 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 2 figures figure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 5 scenes scene NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 6 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 7 smooth smooth JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 9 rounded rounded JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 12 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 13 relief relief NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 16 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 17 continued continue VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 18 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 20 30th 30th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 21 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 254 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 2 relief relief NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 3 represents represent VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 5 interaction interaction NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 6 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 8 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 9 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 12 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 13 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 16 legitimized legitimize VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 18 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 20 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 255 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 2 36 36 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 5 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 6 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 9 idealism idealism NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 10 seen see VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 13 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 15 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 16 dynasties dynasty NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 17 continues continue VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 20 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 21 alterations alteration NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 256 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 1 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 2 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 3 portrayed portray VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 4 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 5 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 6 youthful youthful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 9 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 10 begin begin VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 11 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 12 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 13 portrayed portray VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 15 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 16 range range NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 18 idealistic idealistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 20 realistic realistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 257 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 2 18][25 18][25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 4 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 7 realistic realistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 8 portrayal portrayal NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 9 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 11 Berlin Berlin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 12 Green Green NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 13 Head Head NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 15 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 16 shows show VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 18 non non JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 19 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 20 idealistic idealistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 21 facial facial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 22 features feature NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 23 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 24 vertical vertical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 25 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 26 above above IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 28 bridge bridge NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 31 nose nose NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 33 lines line NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 34 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 36 corners corner NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 39 eyes eye NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 41 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 43 nose nose NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 46 mouth mouth NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 258 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 2 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 5 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 7 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 8 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 10 shown show VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 12 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 13 emphasis emphasis NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 14 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 16 face face NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 17 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 19 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 20 previously previously RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 21 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 23 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 24 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 26 incorporation incorporation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 28 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 29 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 30 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 31 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 32 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 33 setting setting NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 34 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 35 individualistic individualistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 36 hairstyles hairstyle NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 39 oval oval JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 40 face face NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 42 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 43 round round JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 44 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 46 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 47 deeply deeply RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 48 set set VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 49 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 50 eyes eye NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 54 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 56 tucked tuck VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 57 mouth mouth NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 58 closer close RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 59 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 60 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 61 nose nose NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 259 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 2 27 27 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 4 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 5 portraits portrait NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 8 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 9 featured feature VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 10 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 12 radiant radiant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 13 eyes eye NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 15 association association NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 18 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 19 ’ ’ POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 20 divinity divinity NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 21 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 22 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 24 general general JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 25 notions notion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 27 abundance abundance NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 260 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 2 41 41 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 4 Gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 5 coin coin NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 7 visage visage NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 9 Arsinoe Arsinoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 10 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 11 wearing wear VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 12 divine divine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 13 diadem diadem NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 14 Religion[edit religion[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 15 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 16 When when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 17 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 18 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 19 Soter Soter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 20 made make VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 21 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 22 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 24 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 26 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 27 created create VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 29 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 30 god god NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 32 Serapis Serapis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 35 garner garner VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 36 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 37 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 38 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 39 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 40 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 41 Egyptians Egyptians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 261 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 1 Serapis Serapis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 4 patron patron NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 5 god god NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 7 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 8 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 10 combining combine VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 12 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 13 gods god NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 14 Apis Apis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 16 Osiris Osiris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 19 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 20 deities deity NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 21 Zeus Zeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 23 Hades Hades NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 25 Asklepios Asklepios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 27 Dionysos Dionysos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 30 Helios Helios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 31 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 32 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 33 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 34 powers power NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 35 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 36 fertility fertility NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 39 sun sun NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 41 funerary funerary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 42 rites rite NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 45 medicine medicine NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 262 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 1 His -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 2 growth growth NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 4 popularity popularity NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 5 reflected reflect VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 6 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 7 deliberate deliberate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 8 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 11 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 12 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 16 characteristic characteristic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 19 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 20 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 21 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 23 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 24 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 25 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 26 legitimize legitimize VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 27 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 28 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 30 strengthen strengthen VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 31 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 32 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 263 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 2 cult cult NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 4 Serapis Serapis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 5 included include VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 7 worship worship NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 10 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 11 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 12 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 14 pharaohs pharaoh NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 17 newly newly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 18 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 19 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 20 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 22 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 23 supplanted supplant VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 24 Memphis Memphis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 25 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 27 preeminent preeminent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 28 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 29 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 264 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 2 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 4 promoted promote VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 6 cult cult NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 9 deified deify VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 10 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 13 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 15 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 16 god god NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 19 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 20 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 265 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 266 1 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 266 2 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 266 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 266 4 promoted promote VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 266 5 individual individual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 266 6 cults cult NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 266 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 266 8 personality personality NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 266 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 266 10 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 266 11 celebrations celebration NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 266 12 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 266 13 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 266 14 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 266 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 3 monarchy monarchy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 4 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 5 staunchly staunchly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 6 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 8 despite despite IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 9 otherwise otherwise RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 10 co co NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 11 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 12 opting opting JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 13 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 14 faith faith NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 15 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 17 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 18 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 19 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 20 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 21 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 22 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 23 syncretic syncretic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 267 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 2 wife wife NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 4 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 5 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 7 Arsinoe Arsinoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 8 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 10 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 11 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 12 depicted depict VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 15 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 18 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 19 goddess goddess NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 20 Aphrodite Aphrodite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 22 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 23 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 24 wore wear VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 26 crown crown NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 28 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 29 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 31 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 32 ram ram NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 33 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 34 horns horn NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 36 ostrich ostrich NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 37 feathers feather NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 40 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 41 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 42 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 43 indicators indicator NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 45 royalty royalty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 46 and/or and/or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 47 deification deification NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 48 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 49 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 50 wore wear VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 52 vulture vulture NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 53 headdress headdress RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 54 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 55 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 57 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 58 portion portion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 59 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 60 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 61 relief relief NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 268 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 1 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 2 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 5 last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 8 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 9 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 11 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 12 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 13 depicted depict VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 14 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 15 characteristics characteristic NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 18 goddess goddess NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 19 Isis Isis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 21 she -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 22 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 23 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 24 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 26 small small JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 27 throne throne NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 28 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 29 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 30 headdress headdress JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 31 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 33 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 34 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 35 sun sun NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 36 disk disk NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 37 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 38 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 39 horns horn NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 269 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 2 42 42 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 4 Reflecting reflect VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 5 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 6 preferences preference NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 9 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 10 table table NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 11 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 12 offerings offering NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 13 disappeared disappear VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 14 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 15 reliefs relief NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 16 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 18 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 19 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 21 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 22 male male JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 23 gods god NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 25 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 26 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 27 portrayed portray VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 28 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 29 tails tail NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 31 so so IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 32 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 33 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 34 make make VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 35 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 36 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 37 human human NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 38 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 39 like like JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 41 accordance accordance NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 42 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 44 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 45 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 270 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 1 Bronze Bronze NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 2 allegorical allegorical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 3 group group NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 6 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 8 identifiable identifiable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 9 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 10 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 11 diadem diadem NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 13 overcoming overcome VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 14 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 15 adversary adversary NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 18 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 19 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 21 ca ca MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 22 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 23 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 24 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 25 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 26 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 27 Walters Walters NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 28 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 29 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 31 Nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 34 Ptolemies ptolemy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 35 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 36 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 37 supportive supportive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 38 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 40 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 41 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 43 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 44 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 45 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 46 key key JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 47 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 48 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 49 legitimacy legitimacy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 271 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 1 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 2 priests priest NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 4 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 5 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 6 authorities authority NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 7 enjoyed enjoy VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 8 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 9 patronage patronage NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 11 support support NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 13 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 14 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 15 less less RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 16 retaining retain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 17 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 18 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 19 privileged privileged JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 20 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 272 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 1 Temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 2 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 4 focal focal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 5 point point NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 7 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 9 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 12 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 13 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 16 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 17 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 18 reigns reign NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 21 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 23 characterized characterize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 24 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 25 rigorous rigorous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 26 temple temple NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 27 building building NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 29 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 31 completion completion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 33 projects project NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 34 left leave VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 35 over over RP en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 36 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 38 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 39 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 40 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 41 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 42 older old JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 43 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 44 neglected neglect VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 45 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 46 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 47 restored restore VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 48 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 49 enhanced enhance VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 273 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 274 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 274 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 274 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 274 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 274 5 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 274 6 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 274 7 adhered adhere VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 274 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 274 9 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 274 10 architectural architectural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 274 11 styles style NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 274 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 274 13 motifs motif NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 274 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 2 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 3 respects respect NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 6 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 7 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 8 thrived thrive VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 10 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 12 centers center NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 14 learning learning NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 16 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 19 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 20 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 21 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 275 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 5 worship worship NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 7 Isis Isis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 9 Horus Horus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 10 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 11 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 12 popular popular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 14 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 15 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 17 practice practice NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 19 offering offer VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 20 animal animal NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 21 mummies mummy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 276 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 1 Memphis Memphis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 3 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 4 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 5 longer long RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 7 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 9 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 11 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 13 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 14 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 15 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 16 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 19 enjoyed enjoy VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 20 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 21 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 22 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 23 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 24 High high JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 25 Priests Priests NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 27 Ptah Ptah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 29 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 30 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 31 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 32 creator creator NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 33 god god NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 35 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 36 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 37 sway sway NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 38 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 40 priesthood priesthood NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 41 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 42 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 43 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 45 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 46 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 277 47 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 1 Saqqara Saqqara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 4 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 6 necropolis necropolis NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 10 leading lead VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 11 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 13 worship worship NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 15 Apis Apis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 16 bull bull NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 19 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 20 become become VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 21 integrated integrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 22 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 24 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 25 mythos mythos NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 278 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 2 Ptolemies ptolemy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 4 lavished lavish VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 5 attention attention NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 7 Hermopolis Hermopolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 10 cult cult NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 11 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 13 Thoth Thoth NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 15 building build VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 17 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 18 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 19 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 20 temple temple NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 22 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 23 honor honor NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 279 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 1 Thebes thebe NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 2 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 3 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 4 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 6 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 7 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 8 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 10 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 13 powerful powerful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 14 priesthood priesthood NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 15 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 16 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 17 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 18 enjoyed enjoy VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 19 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 20 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 22 namely namely RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 25 Karnak Karnak NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 26 complex complex NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 27 devoted devote VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 30 Osiris Osiris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 32 Khonsu Khonsu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 280 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 281 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 281 2 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 281 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 281 4 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 281 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 281 6 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 281 7 prosperous prosperous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 281 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 281 9 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 281 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 281 11 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 281 12 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 281 13 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 281 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 281 15 cemeteries cemetery NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 281 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 281 17 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 281 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 2 43 43 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 4 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 5 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 6 stele stele NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 7 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 8 appears appear VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 9 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 11 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 12 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 13 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 15 cippus cippus NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 18 type type NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 20 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 21 object object NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 22 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 25 purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 27 protecting protect VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 28 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 282 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 2 magical magical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 3 stelae stele NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 4 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 5 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 7 various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 8 materials material NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 9 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 11 limestone limestone NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 13 chlorite chlorite NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 14 schist schist NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 17 metagreywacke metagreywacke NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 21 connected connect VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 23 matters matter NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 25 health health NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 27 safety safety NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 283 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 284 1 Cippi Cippi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 284 2 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 284 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 284 4 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 284 5 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 284 6 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 284 7 featured feature VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 284 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 284 9 child child NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 284 10 form form NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 284 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 284 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 284 13 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 284 14 god god NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 284 15 Horus Horus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 284 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 284 17 Horpakhered Horpakhered NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 284 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 2 portrayal portrayal NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 3 refers refer VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 6 myth myth NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 8 Horus Horus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 9 triumphing triumph VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 10 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 11 dangerous dangerous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 12 animals animal NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 15 marshes marsh NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 17 Khemmis Khemmis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 18 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 19 magic magic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 20 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 22 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 23 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 25 Akhmim Akhmim NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 26 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 285 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 2 44][45 44][45 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 4 Society[edit society[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 6 Characteristic characteristic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 7 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 8 etched etch VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 9 carnelian carnelian NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 10 bead bead NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 12 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 14 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 15 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 16 excavations excavation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 17 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 18 Saft Saft NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 19 el el NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 20 Henna Henna NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 286 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 287 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 287 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 287 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 287 4 marker marker NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 287 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 287 6 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 287 7 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 287 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 287 9 India India NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 287 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 288 1 Petrie Petrie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 288 2 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 288 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 289 1 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 289 2 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 289 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 289 4 highly highly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 289 5 stratified stratify VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 289 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 289 7 terms term NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 289 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 289 9 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 289 10 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 289 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 289 12 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 289 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 1 More More JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 2 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 3 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 4 previous previous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 5 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 6 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 9 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 10 retained retain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 11 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 12 co co VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 13 - - VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 14 opted opt VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 15 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 16 aspects aspect NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 19 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 20 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 21 order order NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 23 using use VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 24 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 25 religion religion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 27 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 30 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 31 structures structure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 33 increase increase VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 34 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 35 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 36 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 38 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 290 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 1 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 2 before before RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 4 peasant peasant NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 5 farmers farmer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 6 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 8 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 9 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 12 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 14 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 15 agricultural agricultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 16 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 18 produce produce NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 20 owned own VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 21 directly directly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 22 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 24 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 26 temple temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 28 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 29 noble noble JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 30 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 31 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 32 owned own VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 34 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 291 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 292 1 Macedonians macedonian NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 292 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 292 3 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 292 4 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 292 5 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 292 6 formed form VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 292 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 292 8 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 292 9 upper upper JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 292 10 classes class NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 292 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 292 12 replacing replace VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 292 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 292 14 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 292 15 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 292 16 aristocracy aristocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 292 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 2 complex complex JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 3 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 4 bureaucracy bureaucracy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 6 established establish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 8 manage manage VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 10 extract extract VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 11 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 13 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 14 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 15 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 17 benefit benefit NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 20 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 23 landed landed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 24 gentry gentry NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 293 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 1 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 2 held hold VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 3 virtually virtually RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 4 all all PDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 6 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 8 economic economic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 9 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 11 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 12 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 13 Egyptians Egyptians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 14 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 15 occupied occupy VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 16 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 18 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 19 posts post NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 21 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 22 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 24 Egyptians Egyptians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 25 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 26 spoke speak VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 27 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 28 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 29 able able JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 31 advance advance VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 32 further far RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 34 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 35 individuals individual NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 36 identified identify VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 37 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 38 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 39 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 40 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 41 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 43 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 44 descent descent NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 294 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 295 1 Eventually eventually RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 295 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 295 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 295 4 bilingual bilingual JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 295 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 295 6 bicultural bicultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 295 7 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 295 8 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 295 9 emerged emerge VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 295 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 295 11 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 295 12 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 295 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 2 46 46 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 4 Priests priest NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 7 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 8 officials official NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 9 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 10 overwhelmingly overwhelmingly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 11 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 14 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 16 enjoy enjoy VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 17 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 18 patronage patronage NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 20 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 21 prestige prestige NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 25 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 26 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 27 relied rely VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 28 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 30 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 31 faith faith NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 33 legitimize legitimize VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 34 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 35 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 37 placate placate VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 39 populace populace NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 296 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 1 Although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 2 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 5 prosperous prosperous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 6 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 10 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 11 lavishing lavish VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 12 patronage patronage NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 13 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 14 religious religious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 15 monuments monument NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 17 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 18 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 21 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 22 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 23 enjoyed enjoy VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 24 few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 25 benefits benefit NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 26 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 27 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 29 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 30 remained remain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 31 overwhelmingly overwhelmingly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 34 hands hand NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 36 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 297 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 298 1 Subsequently subsequently RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 298 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 298 3 uprising uprising NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 298 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 298 5 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 298 6 unrest unrest NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 298 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 298 8 frequent frequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 298 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 298 10 especially especially RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 298 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 298 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 298 13 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 298 14 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 298 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 298 16 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 298 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 1 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 2 nationalism nationalism NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 3 reached reach VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 5 peak peak NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 8 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 10 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 11 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 12 Philopator Philopator NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 14 221–205 221–205 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 15 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 18 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 20 succession succession NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 22 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 23 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 24 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 25 proclaimed proclaim VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 26 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 27 pharoah pharoah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 29 gained gain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 30 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 31 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 32 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 33 district district NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 299 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 3 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 4 curtailed curtail VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 5 nineteen nineteen CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 6 years year NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 7 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 8 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 9 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 10 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 11 Epiphanes Epiphanes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 13 205–181 205–181 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 14 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 16 succeeded succeed VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 18 subduing subdue VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 19 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 21 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 22 underlying underlying JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 23 grievances grievance NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 25 never never RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 26 extinguished extinguish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 29 riots riot NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 30 erupted erupt VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 31 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 32 later later RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 35 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 300 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 1 Example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 4 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 5 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 6 bronze bronze NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 7 coin coin NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 8 minted mint VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 9 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 11 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 13 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 14 V. V. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 15 Coinage[edit coinage[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 17 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 18 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 19 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 20 Ptolemaic ptolemaic NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 21 coinage coinage VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 22 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 23 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 24 produced produce VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 25 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 26 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 28 coinage coinage NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 30 gold gold NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 32 silver silver NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 34 bronze bronze NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 301 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 1 These these DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 2 included include VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 3 issues issue NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 5 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 6 coins coin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 7 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 8 all all DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 9 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 10 metals metal NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 12 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 13 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 14 gold gold JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 15 pentadrachm pentadrachm NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 17 octadrachm octadrachm NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 20 silver silver NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 21 tetradrachm tetradrachm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 23 decadrachm decadrachm NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 25 pentakaidecadrachm pentakaidecadrachm NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 302 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 2 citation citation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 3 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 4 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 5 Military[edit military[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 6 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 7 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 8 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 10 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 11 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 12 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 13 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 15 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 16 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 17 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 20 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 23 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 24 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 26 benefiting benefit VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 29 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 30 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 31 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 32 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 34 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 35 ability ability NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 36 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 37 adapt adapt VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 38 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 39 changing change VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 40 circumstances circumstance NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 303 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 2 47 47 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 5 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 6 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 7 initially initially RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 8 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 10 defensive defensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 11 purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 13 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 14 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 15 competing compete VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 16 diadochi diadochi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 17 claimants claimant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 19 rival rival JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 20 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 21 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 22 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 24 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 25 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 304 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 3 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 5 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 6 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 8 246 246 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 10 222 222 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 11 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 14 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 15 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 16 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 17 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 18 imperialistic imperialistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 20 helping help VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 21 extend extend VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 22 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 23 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 25 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 26 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 27 Cyrenaica Cyrenaica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 29 Coele Coele NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 31 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 33 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 34 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 36 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 37 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 39 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 40 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 41 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 42 Anatolia Anatolia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 44 southern southern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 45 Thrace Thrace NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 48 Aegean aegean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 49 islands island NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 51 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 52 Crete Crete NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 305 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 2 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 3 expanded expand VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 5 secured secure VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 6 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 7 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 8 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 9 continuing continue VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 10 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 11 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 12 function function NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 14 protecting protect VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 15 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 16 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 17 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 18 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 19 garrisons garrison NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 20 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 22 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 24 Pelusium Pelusium NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 27 Delta Delta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 30 Elephantine Elephantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 31 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 32 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 33 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 306 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 2 Ptolemies ptolemy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 4 relied rely VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 7 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 9 assert assert VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 11 maintain maintain VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 13 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 14 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 15 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 17 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 18 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 19 virtue virtue NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 22 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 307 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 1 Soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 2 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 4 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 5 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 8 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 9 guard guard NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 12 mobilized mobilize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 13 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 14 uprisings uprising NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 16 dynastic dynastic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 17 usurpers usurper NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 19 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 22 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 23 increasingly increasingly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 24 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 308 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 1 Members member NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 4 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 6 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 7 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 9 machimoi machimoi NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 11 low low JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 12 ranking rank VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 13 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 14 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 17 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 18 recruited recruit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 20 guards guard NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 22 officials official NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 24 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 25 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 27 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 28 enforce enforce VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 29 tax tax NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 30 collection collection NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 309 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 2 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 4 Army[edit Army[edit NFP en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 9 Ptolemaic ptolemaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 10 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 11 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 12 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 13 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 14 tunic tunic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 16 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 17 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 19 detail detail NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 22 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 23 mosaic mosaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 25 Palestrina Palestrina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 310 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 2 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 3 maintained maintain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 5 standing stand VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 6 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 7 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 8 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 9 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 11 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 12 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 14 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 15 professional professional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 16 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 18 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 19 mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 22 recruits recruit NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 311 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 312 1 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 312 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 312 3 very very JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 312 4 beginning beginning NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 312 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 312 6 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 312 7 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 312 8 demonstrated demonstrate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 312 9 considerable considerable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 312 10 resourcefulness resourcefulness NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 312 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 312 12 adaptability adaptability NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 312 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 2 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 3 fight fight NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 5 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 6 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 7 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 9 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 10 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 11 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 12 relied rely VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 15 combination combination NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 17 imported import VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 18 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 19 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 21 mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 23 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 24 Egyptians Egyptians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 27 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 28 prisoners prisoner NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 30 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 313 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 2 49 49 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 5 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 7 characterized characterize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 8 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 9 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 10 diversity diversity NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 12 maintained maintain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 13 records record NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 15 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 16 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 17 ' ' POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 18 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 19 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 21 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 22 patris patris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 314 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 2 50 50 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 4 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 5 addition addition NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 7 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 8 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 10 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 12 recruited recruit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 13 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 14 Macedonia Macedonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 16 Cyrenaica Cyrenaica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 18 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 19 Libya Libya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 22 mainland mainland NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 23 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 26 Aegean Aegean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 28 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 29 Minor Minor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 32 Thrace thrace NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 33 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 34 overseas overseas JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 35 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 36 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 37 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 38 garrisoned garrison VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 39 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 40 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 41 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 315 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 2 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 4 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 6 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 8 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 9 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 11 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 12 warfare warfare NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 14 expansion expansion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 16 coupled couple VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 18 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 19 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 20 immigration immigration NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 22 led lead VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 24 increasing increase VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 25 reliance reliance NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 26 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 27 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 28 Egyptians Egyptians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 29 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 30 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 32 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 33 retained retain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 35 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 36 ranks rank NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 38 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 39 guards guard NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 41 officers officer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 44 generals general NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 316 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 2 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 4 Though though IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 5 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 8 military military NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 10 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 11 founding founding NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 13 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 14 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 16 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 17 looked look VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 18 down down RP en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 19 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 21 distrusted distrust VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 22 due due IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 24 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 25 reputation reputation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 26 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 27 disloyalty disloyalty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 29 tendency tendency NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 30 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 31 aid aid VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 32 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 33 revolts;[53 revolts;[53 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 34 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 35 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 37 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 38 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 39 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 40 regarded regard VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 41 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 42 fighters fighter NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 45 beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 46 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 48 reforms reform NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 49 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 50 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 51 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 52 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 54 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 55 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 56 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 58 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 59 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 60 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 61 frequently frequently RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 62 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 63 officers officer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 64 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 65 cavalrymen cavalryman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 317 66 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 318 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 318 2 54 54 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 318 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 318 4 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 318 5 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 318 6 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 318 7 enjoyed enjoy VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 318 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 318 9 socioeconomic socioeconomic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 318 10 status status NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 318 11 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 318 12 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 318 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 318 14 average average JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 318 15 native native NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 318 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 2 55 55 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 4 To to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 5 obtain obtain VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 6 reliable reliable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 8 loyal loyal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 9 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 12 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 13 developed develop VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 14 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 15 strategies strategy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 17 leveraged leverage VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 18 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 19 ample ample JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 20 financial financial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 21 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 23 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 24 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 25 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 26 historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 27 reputation reputation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 28 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 29 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 30 ; ; , en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 31 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 32 propaganda propaganda NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 33 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 34 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 35 evidenced evidence VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 36 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 38 line line NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 39 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 41 poet poet NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 42 Theocritus Theocritus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 44 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 45 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 46 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 48 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 49 paymaster paymaster NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 50 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 51 free free JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 52 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 53 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 54 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 55 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 319 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 2 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 4 Mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 6 paid pay VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 8 salary salary NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 10 misthos misthos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 13 cash cash NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 15 grain grain NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 16 rations ration NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 17 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 19 infantryman infantryman NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 22 third third JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 23 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 24 earned earn VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 25 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 26 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 27 silver silver NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 28 drachma drachma NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 29 daily daily RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 320 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 1 This this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 2 attracted attract VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 3 recruits recruit NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 4 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 5 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 7 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 8 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 10 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 12 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 13 referred refer VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 15 misthophoroi misthophoroi JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 16 xenoi xenoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 17 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 18 literally literally RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 19 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 20 foreigners foreigner NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 21 paid pay VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 24 salary salary NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 25 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 321 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 1 By by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 3 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 4 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 5 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 6 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 8 misthophoroi misthophoroi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 9 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 10 mainly mainly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 11 recruited recruit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 12 within within IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 13 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 15 notably notably RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 16 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 18 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 19 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 322 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 1 Soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 3 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 4 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 5 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 6 grants grant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 7 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 8 kleroi kleroi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 10 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 11 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 12 varied vary VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 13 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 16 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 17 rank rank NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 19 unit unit NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 21 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 22 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 23 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 24 stathmoi stathmoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 26 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 27 residences residence NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 29 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 30 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 31 sometimes sometimes RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 34 home home NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 36 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 37 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 38 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 39 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 40 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 41 settled settle VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 42 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 43 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 44 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 45 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 46 grants grant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 47 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 48 known know VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 49 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 50 cleruchs cleruch NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 323 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 2 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 3 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 4 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 5 230 230 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 6 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 8 these these DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 9 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 10 grants grant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 12 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 14 machimoi machimoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 16 lower lower RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 17 ranking rank VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 18 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 19 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 21 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 22 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 24 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 25 received receive VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 26 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 27 lots lot NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 28 comparable comparable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 29 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 30 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 31 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 32 allotments allotment NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 34 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 324 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 2 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 4 Kleroi Kleroi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 5 grants grant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 6 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 7 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 8 extensive extensive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 11 cavalryman cavalryman NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 12 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 13 receive receive VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 15 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 16 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 17 arouras aroura NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 19 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 21 equal equal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 23 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 24 178,920 178,920 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 25 square square JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 26 metres metre NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 29 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 30 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 31 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 32 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 33 arouras aroura NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 34 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 35 infantrymen infantryman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 36 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 37 expect expect VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 38 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 39 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 40 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 41 arouras aroura NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 42 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 43 machimoi machimoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 44 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 45 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 46 five five CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 47 auroras aurora NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 49 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 50 enough enough RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 51 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 52 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 53 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 325 54 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 2 58 58 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 5 lucrative lucrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 6 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 8 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 9 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 10 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 12 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 13 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 15 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 16 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 17 effective effective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 18 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 19 ensuring ensure VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 20 loyalty loyalty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 326 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 1 Few few JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 2 mutinies mutiny NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 4 revolts revolt NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 5 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 6 recorded record VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 9 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 10 rebellious rebellious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 11 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 12 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 13 be be VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 14 placated placate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 15 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 16 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 17 grants grant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 19 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 20 incentives incentive NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 327 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 2 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 4 As as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 6 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 7 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 8 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 11 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 12 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 13 inherited inherit VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 15 doctrines doctrine NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 17 organization organization NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 19 Macedonia Macedonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 21 albeit albeit IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 23 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 24 variations variation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 25 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 26 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 328 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 2 60 60 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 5 core core NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 8 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 9 consisted consist VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 11 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 13 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 14 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 15 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 16 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 17 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 19 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 20 played play VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 21 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 22 larger large JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 23 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 24 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 25 numerically numerically RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 27 tactically tactically RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 29 while while IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 31 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 32 phalanx phalanx NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 33 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 34 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 36 primary primary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 37 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 38 formation formation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 329 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 2 multiethnic multiethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 3 nature nature NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 6 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 7 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 8 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 10 official official JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 11 organizational organizational JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 12 principle principle NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 14 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 15 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 16 evidently evidently RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 17 trained train VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 19 utilized utilize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 20 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 21 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 22 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 23 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 24 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 25 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 26 Cretans Cretans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 27 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 28 served serve VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 29 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 30 archers archer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 32 Libyans Libyans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 33 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 34 heavy heavy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 35 infantry infantry NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 38 Thracians Thracians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 39 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 40 cavalry cavalry NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 330 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 331 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 331 2 61 61 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 331 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 331 4 Similarly similarly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 331 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 331 6 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 331 7 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 331 8 grouped group VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 331 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 331 10 equipped equip VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 331 11 based base VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 331 12 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 331 13 ethnicity ethnicity NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 331 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 3 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 4 nationalities nationality NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 5 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 6 trained train VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 8 fight fight VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 9 together together RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 12 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 13 officers officer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 14 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 16 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 17 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 18 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 19 origin origin NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 21 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 22 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 23 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 25 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 27 cohesion cohesion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 29 coordination coordination NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 332 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 1 Military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 2 leadership leadership NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 5 figure figure NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 8 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 10 queen queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 12 central central JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 13 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 14 ensuring ensure VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 15 unity unity NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 17 morale morale NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 18 among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 19 multiethnic multiethnic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 20 troops troop NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 22 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 24 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 26 Raphai Raphai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 29 presence presence NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 31 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 32 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 33 reportedly reportedly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 34 critical critical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 36 maintaining maintain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 38 boosting boost VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 40 fighting fight VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 41 spirit spirit NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 43 both both CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 44 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 46 Egyptians Egyptians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 47 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 333 48 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 2 62 62 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 4 Navy[edit navy[edit JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 6 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 7 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 9 Ptolemaic ptolemaic NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 10 navy navy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 12 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 13 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 15 considered consider VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 16 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 17 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 18 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 19 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 20 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 22 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 23 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 334 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 2 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 4 Some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 5 modern modern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 6 historians historian NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 7 characterize characterize VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 8 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 9 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 10 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 11 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 13 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 14 thalassocracy thalassocracy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 16 owing owe VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 19 innovation innovation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 21 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 22 traditional traditional JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 23 styles style NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 25 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 26 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 27 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 28 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 30 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 31 allowed allow VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 32 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 33 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 35 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 36 exert exert VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 37 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 39 influence influence NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 40 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 41 unprecedented unprecedented JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 42 ways way NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 43 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 335 44 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 2 64 64 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 4 With with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 5 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 7 vassals vassal NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 8 spread spread VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 9 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 11 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 12 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 14 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 15 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 17 Crete Crete NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 20 Aegean aegean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 21 islands island NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 24 Thrace Thrace NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 26 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 27 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 28 required require VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 29 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 30 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 31 navy navy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 33 defend defend VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 34 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 35 enemies enemy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 36 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 38 Seleucids Seleucids NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 40 Macedonians Macedonians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 336 41 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 2 65 65 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 5 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 6 navy navy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 7 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 8 protected protect VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 10 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 12 lucrative lucrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 13 maritime maritime JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 14 trade trade NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 16 engaged engage VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 18 antipiracy antipiracy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 19 measures measure NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 21 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 22 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 24 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 337 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 2 66 66 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 4 Like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 6 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 9 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 11 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 14 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 15 navy navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 17 rooted root VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 18 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 20 wars war NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 21 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 23 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 25 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 27 320 320 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 28 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 338 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 1 Various various JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 2 diadochi diadochi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 3 competed compete VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 5 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 6 supremacy supremacy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 7 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 9 Aegean aegean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 11 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 12 Mediterranean,[67 Mediterranean,[67 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 13 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 15 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 16 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 17 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 19 navy navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 20 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 21 help help VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 22 defend defend VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 23 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 24 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 25 consolidate consolidate VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 26 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 27 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 28 against against IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 29 invading invade VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 30 rivals rival NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 339 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 2 68 68 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 4 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 6 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 7 immediate immediate JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 8 successors successor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 9 turned turn VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 11 developing develop VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 13 navy navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 15 project project VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 16 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 17 overseas overseas RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 19 rather rather RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 20 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 21 build build VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 22 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 23 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 24 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 26 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 27 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 28 Asia Asia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 340 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 2 69 69 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 4 Notwithstanding notwithstanding IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 5 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 6 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 7 crushing crush VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 8 defeat defeat NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 11 Battle Battle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 13 Salamis Salamis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 15 306 306 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 16 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 19 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 20 navy navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 21 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 23 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 24 maritime maritime JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 25 force force NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 28 Aegean aegean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 29 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 30 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 31 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 34 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 35 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 36 decades decade NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 341 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 2 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 3 maintained maintain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 4 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 5 father father NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 6 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 7 policy policy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 9 making make VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 10 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 12 preeminent preeminent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 13 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 14 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 17 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 18 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 19 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 20 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 21 reign reign NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 22 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 23 283 283 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 24 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 25 246 246 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 26 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 30 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 31 navy navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 32 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 34 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 35 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 37 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 38 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 40 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 41 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 44 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 45 warships warship NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 46 ever ever RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 47 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 48 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 49 antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 342 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 2 70 70 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 5 navy navy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 6 reached reach VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 7 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 8 height height NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 9 following follow VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 11 victory victory NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 13 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 14 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 15 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 17 First First NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 18 Syrian Syrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 19 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 21 274–271 274–271 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 22 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 25 succeeding succeed VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 26 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 27 repelling repel VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 28 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 29 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 31 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 32 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 35 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 36 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 39 Aegean Aegean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 343 40 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 2 71 71 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 6 subsequent subsequent JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 7 Chremonidean Chremonidean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 8 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 11 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 12 navy navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 13 succeeded succeed VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 15 blockading blockade VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 16 Macedonia Macedonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 18 containing contain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 19 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 20 imperial imperial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 21 ambitions ambition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 22 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 23 mainland mainland NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 24 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 344 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 2 72 72 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 4 Beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 7 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 8 Syrian Syrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 9 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 11 260–253 260–253 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 12 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 16 navy navy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 17 suffered suffer VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 18 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 19 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 21 defeats defeat NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 23 declined decline VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 25 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 26 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 28 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 29 coincided coincide VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 30 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 32 loss loss NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 34 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 35 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 36 overseas overseas JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 37 possessions possession NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 39 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 40 erosion erosion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 41 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 42 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 43 maritime maritime JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 44 hegemony hegemony NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 345 45 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 2 navy navy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 4 relegated relegate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 5 primarily primarily RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 6 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 8 protective protective JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 10 antipiracy antipiracy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 11 role role NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 12 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 14 next next JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 15 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 16 centuries century NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 18 until until IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 19 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 20 partial partial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 21 revival revival NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 22 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 23 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 24 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 26 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 27 sought seek VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 29 restore restore VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 30 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 31 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 32 supremacy supremacy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 33 amid amid IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 35 rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 37 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 38 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 39 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 40 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 41 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 42 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 346 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 2 73 73 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 4 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 5 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 6 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 7 took take VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 8 part part NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 11 decisive decisive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 12 battle battle NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 14 Actium Actium NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 15 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 17 final final JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 18 war war NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 21 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 22 Republic Republic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 24 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 25 once once RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 26 again again RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 27 suffered suffer VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 29 defeat defeat NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 30 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 31 culminated culminate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 32 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 34 end end NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 36 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 37 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 347 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 2 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 3 apex apex NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 4 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 5 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 6 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 9 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 10 navy navy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 11 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 12 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 13 had have VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 14 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 15 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 16 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 17 336 336 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 18 warships,[74 warships,[74 NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 19 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 21 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 22 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 23 reportedly reportedly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 24 having have VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 25 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 26 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 27 disposal disposal NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 28 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 29 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 30 4,000 4,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 31 ships ship NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 33 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 34 transports transport NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 35 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 36 allied ally VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 37 vessels vessel NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 38 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 348 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 2 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 4 Maintaining maintain VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 6 fleet fleet NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 8 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 9 size size NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 10 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 11 have have VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 12 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 13 costly costly JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 16 reflected reflect VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 18 vast vast JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 19 wealth wealth NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 21 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 24 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 349 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 350 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 350 2 76 76 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 350 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 350 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 350 5 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 350 6 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 350 7 bases basis NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 350 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 350 9 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 350 10 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 350 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 350 12 Nea Nea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 350 13 Paphos Paphos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 350 14 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 350 15 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 350 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 2 navy navy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 3 operated operate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 4 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 6 eastern eastern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 7 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 9 Aegean Aegean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 10 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 13 Levantine Levantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 14 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 17 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 19 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 21 patrolling patrol VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 22 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 23 far far RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 26 Red Red NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 27 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 28 towards towards IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 30 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 31 Ocean Ocean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 351 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 2 77 77 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 4 Accordingly accordingly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 6 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 7 forces force NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 8 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 9 divided divide VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 10 into into IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 11 four four CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 12 fleets fleet NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 15 Alexandrian,[78 Alexandrian,[78 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 16 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 17 Aegean,[79 Aegean,[79 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 19 Red Red NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 20 Sea,[80 sea,[80 NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 21 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 23 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 24 River River NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 352 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 353 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 353 2 81 81 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 353 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 353 4 Cities[edit cities[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 353 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 353 6 Detailed detailed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 353 7 map map NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 353 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 353 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 353 10 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 353 11 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 353 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 1 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 2 faience faience NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 3 torso torso NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 6 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 10 applique applique NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 11 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 12 wood wood NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 13 While while IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 14 ruling rule VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 15 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 18 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 19 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 20 built build VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 21 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 22 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 23 settlements settlement NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 24 throughout throughout IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 25 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 26 Empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 29 either either CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 30 Hellenize Hellenize NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 31 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 32 conquered conquer VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 33 peoples people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 34 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 35 reinforce reinforce VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 37 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 354 38 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 355 1 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 355 2 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 355 3 only only RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 355 4 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 355 5 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 355 6 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 355 7 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 355 8 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3243 355 9 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 355 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 355 11 Naucratis Naucratis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 355 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 355 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 355 14 Ptolemais Ptolemais NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 355 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 1 Naucratis[edit naucratis[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 3 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 5 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 6 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 7 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 9 Naucratis Naucratis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 11 although although IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 12 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 13 commercial commercial JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 14 importance importance NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 15 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 16 reduced reduce VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 17 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 19 founding founding NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 21 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 23 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 26 quiet quiet JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 27 way way NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 28 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 29 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 31 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 32 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 33 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 34 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 35 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 356 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 3 interval interval NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 4 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 6 death death NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 8 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 10 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 11 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 12 assumption assumption NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 15 style style NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 17 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 19 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 20 even even RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 21 issued issue VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 22 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 23 autonomous autonomous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 24 coinage coinage NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 357 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 1 And and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 3 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 5 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 6 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 8 letters letter NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 9 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 11 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 14 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 16 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 18 citizens citizen NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 20 Naucratis Naucratis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 22 proves prove VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 23 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 26 sphere sphere NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 28 Hellenic Hellenic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 29 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 30 Naucratis Naucratis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 31 held hold VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 33 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 34 traditions tradition NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 358 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 359 1 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 359 2 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 359 3 bestowed bestow VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 359 4 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 359 5 care care NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 359 6 upon upon IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 359 7 Naucratis Naucratis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 359 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 1 He -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 2 built build VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 4 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 5 structure structure NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 7 limestone limestone NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 9 about about RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 10 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 11 metres metre NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 13 330 330 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 14   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 15 ft ft FW en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 17 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 19 18 18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 20 metres metre NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 22 59 59 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 23   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 24 ft ft FW en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 25 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 26 wide wide RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 28 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 29 fill fill VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 30 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 32 broken broken JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 33 entrance entrance NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 34 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 36 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 37 Temenos Temenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 38 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 39 he -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 40 strengthened strengthen VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 41 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 42 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 43 block block NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 45 chambers chamber NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 46 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 48 Temenos Temenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 49 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 50 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 51 re re NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 52 - - VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 53 established establish VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 54 them -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 360 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 3 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 4 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 5 Sir Sir NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 6 Flinders Flinders NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 7 Petrie Petrie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 8 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 10 words word NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 11 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 12 quoted[citation quoted[citation DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 13 needed need VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 14 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 16 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 17 Temenos Temenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 19 identified identify VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 20 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 22 Hellenion Hellenion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 361 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 362 1 But but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 362 2 Mr. Mr. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 362 3 Edgar Edgar NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 362 4 has have VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 362 5 recently recently RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 362 6 pointed point VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 362 7 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3243 362 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 362 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 362 10 building building NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 362 11 connected connect VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 362 12 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 362 13 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 362 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 362 15 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 362 16 Egyptian egyptian 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363 17 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 363 18 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 363 19 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 363 20 element element NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 363 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 1 That that IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 3 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 4 flourished flourish VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 6 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 7 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 9 we -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 10 may may MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 11 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 12 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 14 quantity quantity NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 16 imported import VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 17 amphorae amphorae NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 20 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 21 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 22 handles handle NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 23 stamped stamp VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 24 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 25 Rhodes Rhodes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 27 elsewhere elsewhere RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 28 are be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 29 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 30 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 31 abundantly abundantly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 364 33 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 2 Zeno Zeno NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 3 papyri papyri JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 4 show show NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 5 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 6 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 7 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 9 chief chief JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 10 port port NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 12 call call NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 13 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 15 inland inland JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 16 voyage voyage NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 18 Memphis Memphis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 20 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 22 as as RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 23 well well RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 24 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 25 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 26 stopping stop VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 28 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 29 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 31 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 32 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 33 route route NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 34 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 35 Pelusium Pelusium NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 36 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 38 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 365 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 366 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 366 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 366 3 attached attach VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 366 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 366 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 366 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 366 7 administrative administrative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 366 8 system system NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 366 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 366 10 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 366 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 366 12 Saïte Saïte NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 366 13 nome nome RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 366 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 1 Alexandria[edit alexandria[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 3 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 4 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 6 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 7 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 9 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 11 356–323 356–323 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 12 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 13 Brooklyn Brooklyn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 14 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 15 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 16 major major JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 17 Mediterranean mediterranean JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 18 port port NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 20 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 23 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 24 times time NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 26 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 27 today today NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 29 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 30 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 31 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 32 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 33 331 331 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 34 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 35 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 36 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 38 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 367 39 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 3 Plutarch Plutarch NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 6 Alexandrians Alexandrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 7 believed believe VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 8 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 9 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 11 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 12 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 13 motivation motivation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 15 build build VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 17 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 19 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 20 wish wish NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 23 found find VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 25 large large JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 27 populous populous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 28 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 29 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 30 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 31 should should MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 32 bear bear VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 33 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 34 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 368 36 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 1 Located locate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 2 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 3 kilometres kilometre NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 5 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 7 mi mi JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 9 west west NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 12 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 13 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 14 westernmost westernmost NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 15 mouth mouth NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 18 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 19 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 20 immune immune JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 21 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 23 silt silt NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 24 deposits deposit NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 25 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 26 persistently persistently RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 27 choked choke VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 28 harbors harbor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 29 along along IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 31 river river NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 369 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 370 1 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 370 2 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 370 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 370 4 capital capital NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 370 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 370 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 370 7 Hellenized Hellenized NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 370 8 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 370 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 370 10 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 370 11 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 370 12 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 370 13 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 370 14 reigned reign VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 370 15 323–283 323–283 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 370 16 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 370 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 370 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 1 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 3 wealthy wealthy JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 4 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 5 Dynasty Dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 8 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 9 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 10 surpassed surpass VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 11 Athens Athens NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 14 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 15 center center NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 18 Hellenic Hellenic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 19 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 371 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 1 Laid lay VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 2 out out RP en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 4 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 5 grid grid NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 6 pattern pattern NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 8 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 9 occupied occupy VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 11 stretch stretch NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 13 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 14 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 16 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 17 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 19 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 21 Lake Lake NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 22 Mareotis Mareotis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 23 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 25 south south NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 26 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 27 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 28 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 30 made make VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 31 causeway causeway NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 32 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 33 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 34 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 36 quarters quarter NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 37 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 38 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 39 mile mile NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 40 long long JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 42 extended extend VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 43 north north NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 44 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 45 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 46 sheltering shelter VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 47 island island NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 49 Pharos Pharos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 51 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 52 forming form VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 53 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 54 double double JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 55 harbor harbor NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 57 east east NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 58 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 59 west west NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 372 60 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 1 On on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 3 east east NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 6 main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 7 harbor harbor NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 9 called call VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 11 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 12 Harbor Harbor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 13 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 14 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 15 faced face VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 17 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 18 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 19 chief chief JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 20 buildings building NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 22 including include VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 24 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 25 palace palace NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 28 famous famous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 29 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 31 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 373 32 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 1 At at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 3 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 4 Harbor Harbor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 5 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 6 mouth mouth NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 8 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 9 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 10 outcropping outcropping NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 12 Pharos Pharos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 14 stood stand VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 16 lighthouse lighthouse NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 18 built build VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 19 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 20 280 280 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 21 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 374 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 1 Now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 2 vanished vanish VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 5 lighthouse lighthouse NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 6 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 7 reckoned reckon VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 8 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 9 one one CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 12 Seven Seven NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 13 Wonders Wonders NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 16 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 17 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 18 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 19 unsurpassed unsurpassed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 20 height height NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 22 perhaps perhaps RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 23 140 140 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 24 metres metre NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 25 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 26 460 460 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 27   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 28 ft ft JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 30 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 31 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 32 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 33 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 34 square square NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 36 fenestrated fenestrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 37 tower tower NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 39 topped top VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 40 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 41 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 42 metal metal NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 43 fire fire NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 44 basket basket NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 46 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 47 statue statue NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 48 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 49 Zeus Zeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 51 Savior Savior NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 375 52 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 2 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 4 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 5 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 6 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 8 largest large JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 11 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 13 contained contain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 14 several several JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 15 hundred hundred CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 16 thousand thousand CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 17 volumes volume NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 19 housed house VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 21 employed employ VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 22 scholars scholar NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 23 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 24 poets poet NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 376 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 377 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 377 2 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 377 3 scholarly scholarly JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 377 4 complex complex NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 377 5 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 377 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 377 7 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 377 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 377 9 Mouseion Mouseion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 377 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 377 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 377 12 hall hall NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 377 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 377 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 377 15 Muses Muses NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 377 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 377 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 377 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 1 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 2 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 3 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 4 brief brief JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 5 literary literary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 6 golden golden JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 7 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 9 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 10 280–240 280–240 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 11 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 14 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 15 subsidized subsidize VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 16 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 17 poets poet NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 18 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 19 Callimachus Callimachus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 21 Apollonius Apollonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 23 Rhodes Rhodes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 25 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 26 Theocritus Theocritus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 27 — — : en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 28 whose whose WP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 29 work work NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 30 now now RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 31 represents represent VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 33 best good JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 35 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 36 literature literature NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 378 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 1 Among among IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 2 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 3 thinkers thinker NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 4 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 5 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 7 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 8 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 9 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 10 Alexandrian alexandrian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 11 patronage patronage NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 12 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 14 mathematician mathematician JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 15 Euclid Euclid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 16 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 17 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 18 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 19 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 20 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 23 inventor inventor NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 24 Archimedes Archimedes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 25 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 26 287 287 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 27 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 28 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 29 c. c. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 30 212 212 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 31 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 34 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 36 polymath polymath NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 37 Eratosthenes Eratosthenes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 379 39 c. c. 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en-wikipedia-org-3243 384 24 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 384 25 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 384 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 2 detail detail NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 5 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 6 mosaic mosaic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 8 Palestrina Palestrina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 10 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 11 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 12 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 13 c. c. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 14 100 100 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 15 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 16 Ptolemais[edit ptolemais[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 18 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 19 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 21 Ptolemais Ptolemais NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 22 Hermiou Hermiou NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 23 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 24 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 25 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 26 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 27 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 28 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 30 conquest conquest NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 32 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 33 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 34 Ptolemais Ptolemais NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 36 400 400 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 37 miles mile NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 39 640 640 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 40   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 41 km km NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 42 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 43 up up IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 45 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 47 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 48 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 49 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 50 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 51 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 52 village village NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 53 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 54 Psoï Psoï NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 55 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 56 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 57 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 58 nome nome NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 59 called call VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 60 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 61 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 62 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 63 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 64 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 65 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 66 Thinis Thinis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 385 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 1 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 2 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 3 perpetuated perpetuate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 5 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 7 cult cult NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 10 great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 11 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 13 Ptolemais Ptolemais NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 14 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 15 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 16 perpetuate perpetuate VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 18 name name NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 20 cult cult NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 23 founder founder NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 24 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 26 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 27 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 386 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 1 Framed frame VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 2 in in RP en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 3 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 5 barren barren JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 6 hills hill NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 9 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 10 Valley Valley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 13 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 14 sky sky NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 16 here here RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 18 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 19 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 20 arose arise VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 23 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 24 public public JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 25 buildings building NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 26 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 27 temples temple NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 28 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 29 theatre theatre NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 31 no no RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 32 doubt doubt RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 33 exhibiting exhibit VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 35 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 36 architectural architectural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 37 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 38 associated associate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 39 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 40 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 41 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 43 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 44 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 45 citizen citizen NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 46 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 47 body body NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 48 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 50 blood blood NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 52 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 53 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 54 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 55 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 56 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 57 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 58 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 387 59 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 1 If if IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 2 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 3 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 4 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 5 doubt doubt NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 6 whether whether IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 7 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 8 possessed possess VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 9 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 10 council council NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 12 assembly assembly NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 14 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 15 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 16 none none NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 18 regard regard NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 20 Ptolemais Ptolemais NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 388 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 2 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 3 more more RBR en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 4 possible possible JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 5 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 7 kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 8 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 9 allow allow VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 11 measure measure NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 13 self self NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 15 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 16 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 17 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 18 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 19 removed remove VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 20 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 21 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 22 distance distance NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 23 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 25 ordinary ordinary JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 26 residence residence NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 29 court court NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 389 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 1 We -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 2 have have VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 3 still still RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 5 inscribed inscribe VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 6 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 7 stone stone NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 9 decrees decree NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 10 passed pass VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 13 assembly assembly NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 16 people people NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 18 Ptolemais Ptolemais NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 20 couched couch VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 23 regular regular JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 24 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 26 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 27 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 28 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 29 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 30 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 31 seemed seem VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 32 good good JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 33 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 35 boule boule NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 36 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 37 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 39 demos demo NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 40 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 41 Hermas Hermas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 42 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 43 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 44 Doreon Doreon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 47 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 48 deme deme NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 49 Megisteus Megisteus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 51 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 53 proposer proposer NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 54 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 55 Whereas whereas IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 57 prytaneis prytaneis NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 58 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 59 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 60 colleagues colleague NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 61 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 62 Dionysius Dionysius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 64 son son NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 65 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 66 Musaeus Musaeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 67 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 68 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 69 8th 8th JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 70 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 71 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 72 etc etc FW en-wikipedia-org-3243 390 73 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 391 1 Demographics[edit demographics[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3243 391 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 391 3 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 391 4 stele stele NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 391 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 391 6 Dioskourides Dioskourides NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 391 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 391 8 dated date VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 391 9 2nd 2nd JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 391 10 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 391 11 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 391 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 391 13 showing show VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 391 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 391 15 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 391 16 thureophoros thureophoros NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 391 17 soldier soldier NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 391 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 392 1 It -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 392 2 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 392 3 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 392 4 characteristic characteristic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 392 5 example example NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 392 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 392 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 392 8 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 392 9 Romanization Romanization NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 392 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 392 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 392 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 392 13 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 392 14 army army NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 392 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 393 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 393 2 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 393 3 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 393 4 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 393 5 diverse diverse JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 393 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 393 7 cosmopolitan cosmopolitan JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 393 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 1 Beginning begin VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 2 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 3 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 4 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 5 Soter Soter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 7 Macedonians Macedonians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 9 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 10 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 11 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 12 given give VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 13 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 14 grants grant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 16 allowed allow VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 17 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 18 settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 20 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 21 families family NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 23 encouraging encourage VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 24 tens ten NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 26 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 28 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 29 mercenaries mercenary NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 30 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 31 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 32 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 33 immigrate immigrate VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 34 where where WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 35 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 36 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 37 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 38 landed landed JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 39 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 40 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 41 royal royal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 42 soldiers soldier NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 394 43 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 2 83 83 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 4 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 5 soon soon RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 6 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 8 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 9 elite elite NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 10 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 11 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 12 Egyptians Egyptians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 14 though though IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 15 always always RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 17 majority majority NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 19 generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 20 occupied occupy VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 21 lower low JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 22 posts post NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 23 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 25 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 26 government government NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 395 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 1 Over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 2 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 5 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 7 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 8 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 9 somewhat somewhat RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 10 homogenized homogenized JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 13 cultural cultural JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 14 distinctions distinction NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 15 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 16 immigrants immigrant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 17 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 18 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 19 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 21 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 22 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 23 blurred blur VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 396 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 2 84 84 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 4 Many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 7 imported import VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 8 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 9 neighboring neighbor VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 10 Judea Judea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 13 thousands thousand NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 14 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 15 being be VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 16 renowned renowned JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 17 fighters fighter NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 19 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 20 establishing establish VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 21 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 22 important important JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 23 community community NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 397 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 1 Other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 2 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 3 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 4 settled settle VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 5 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 6 across across IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 8 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 9 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 11 usually usually RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 12 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 13 cleruchs cleruch NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 14 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 15 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 16 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 17 granted grant VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 18 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 20 exchange exchange NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 21 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 22 military military JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 23 service service NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 398 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 1 Of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 3 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 4 foreign foreign JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 5 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 6 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 7 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 8 come come VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 10 settle settle VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 12 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 15 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 17 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 19 most most RBS en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 20 privileged privileged JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 399 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 1 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 3 partly partly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 4 spread spread VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 5 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 6 allotment allotment NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 8 holders holder NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 9 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 11 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 13 forming form VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 14 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 15 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 19 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 20 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 22 villages village NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 24 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 25 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 26 side side NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 27 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 29 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 30 population population NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 32 partly partly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 33 gathered gather VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 35 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 36 three three CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 37 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 38 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 39 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 41 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 42 Naucratis Naucratis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 44 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 45 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 46 600 600 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 47 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 48 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 49 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 50 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 51 interval interval NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 52 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 53 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 54 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 55 after after IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 56 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 57 expulsion expulsion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 58 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 59 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 60 Assyrians Assyrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 61 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 62 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 63 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 64 coming coming NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 65 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 66 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 67 Persians Persians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 68 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 69 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 70 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 71 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 72 two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 73 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 74 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 75 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 76 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 77 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 78 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 79 sea sea NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 80 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 81 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 82 Ptolemais Ptolemais NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 83 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 84 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 85 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 400 86 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 401 1 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 401 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 401 3 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 401 4 Seleucid seleucid JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 401 5 successors successor NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 401 6 founded found VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 401 7 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 401 8 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 401 9 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 401 10 all all RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 401 11 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 401 12 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 401 13 dominions dominion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 401 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 1 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 2 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 4 so so RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 5 much much JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 6 bound bind VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 7 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 8 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 10 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 13 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 15 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 16 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 17 any any DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 18 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 19 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 20 wanted want VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 21 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 22 present present VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 23 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 24 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 26 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 27 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 28 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 29 genuine genuine JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 30 champion champion NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 32 Hellenism Hellenism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 33 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 34 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 35 do do VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 36 something something NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 37 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 38 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 39 direction direction NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 41 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 42 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 43 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 44 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 45 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 47 ambitious ambitious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 48 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 49 shine shine VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 50 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 51 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 52 Hellene Hellene NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 53 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 54 would would MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 55 find find VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 56 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 57 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 58 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 59 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 60 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 61 republican republican JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 62 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 63 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 64 aspirations aspiration NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 65 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 66 independence independence NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 67 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 68 inconvenient inconvenient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 69 elements element NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 70 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 71 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 72 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 73 that that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 74 lent lend VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 75 itself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 76 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 77 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 78 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 79 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 80 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 81 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 82 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 83 bureaucratic bureaucratic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 84 centralization centralization NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 402 85 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 2 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 3 therefore therefore RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 4 limited limit VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 6 number number NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 8 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 9 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 11 states state NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 13 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 15 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 17 Ptolemais Ptolemais NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 20 Naucratis Naucratis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 403 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 1 Outside Outside NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 3 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 6 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 7 exercised exercise VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 8 control control NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 9 over over IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 10 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 11 cities city NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 13 Cyrenaica Cyrenaica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 15 Cyprus Cyprus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 18 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 20 coasts coast NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 22 islands island NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 25 Aegean Aegean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 27 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 28 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 29 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 30 smaller small JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 31 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 32 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 33 poleis poleis NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 35 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 404 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 1 There there EX en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 2 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 3 indeed indeed RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 4 country country NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 5 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 6 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 7 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 10 Ptolemais Ptolemais NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 12 Arsinoe Arsinoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 15 Berenice Berenice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 18 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 19 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 20 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 21 existed exist VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 22 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 23 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 24 certain certain JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 25 social social JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 26 life life NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 28 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 29 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 30 similar similar JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 31 groups group NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 33 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 34 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 35 many many JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 38 old old JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 39 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 40 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 42 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 43 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 44 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 45 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 46 communities community NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 47 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 49 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 50 forms form NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 51 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 52 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 53 city city NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 54 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 55 state state NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 405 56 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 1 Yet yet CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 2 if if IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 3 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 4 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 5 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 6 place place NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 8 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 9 assembly assembly NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 11 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 12 often often RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 13 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 14 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 15 own own JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 16 gymnasium gymnasium NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 18 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 19 essential essential JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 20 sign sign NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 21 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 22 Hellenism Hellenism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 24 serving serve VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 25 something something NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 28 purpose purpose NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 29 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 30 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 31 university university NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 32 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 34 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 35 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 406 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 1 Far far RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 2 up up RP en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 4 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 5 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 6 Ombi Ombi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 7 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 8 gymnasium gymnasium NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 11 local local JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 12 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 13 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 14 found find VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 15 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 16 136–135 136–135 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 17 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 19 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 20 passed pass VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 21 resolutions resolution NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 22 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 23 corresponded correspond VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 24 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 25 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 26 king king NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 407 27 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 1 Also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 4 123 123 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 5 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 7 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 8 there there EX en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 9 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 10 trouble trouble NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 12 Upper Upper NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 13 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 14 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 16 towns town NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 17 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 18 Crocodilopolis Crocodilopolis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 19 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 20 Hermonthis Hermonthis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 23 negotiators negotiator NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 24 sent send VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 25 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 26 Crocodilopolis Crocodilopolis NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 27 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 29 young young JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 30 men man NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 31 attached attach VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 32 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 34 gymnasium gymnasium NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 36 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 38 according accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 39 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 41 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 42 tradition tradition NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 44 ate eat VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 45 bread bread NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 47 salt salt NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 48 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 49 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 50 negotiators negotiator NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 51 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 52 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 53 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 54 town town NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 408 55 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 1 All all PDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 3 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 4 dialects dialect NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 7 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 8 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 9 gradually gradually RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 10 became become VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 11 assimilated assimilate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 14 Koine Koine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 15 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 16 dialect dialect NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 17 that that DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 18 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 20 common common JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 21 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 24 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 25 world world NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 409 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 1 Generally generally RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 4 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 6 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 7 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 8 felt feel VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 9 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 10 representatives representative NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 12 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 13 higher high JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 14 civilization civilization NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 15 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 16 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 17 curious curious JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 18 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 20 native native JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 21 culture culture NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 22 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 23 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 410 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 1 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 2 Era era NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 3 bust bust NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 5 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 6 man man NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 8 circa circa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 9 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 11 250 250 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 12 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 14 Altes Altes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 15 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 16 Jews[edit Jews[edit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 17 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 18 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 19 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 20 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 21 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 23 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 24 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 25 originally originally RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 26 immigrated immigrate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 27 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 29 Southern Southern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 30 Levant Levant NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 411 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 2 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 3 absorbed absorb VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 4 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 7 dominant dominant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 8 language language NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 10 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 11 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 13 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 16 heavily heavily RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 17 mixed mix VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 18 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 19 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 20 Hebrew Hebrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 412 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 2 85 85 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 5 Septuagint Septuagint NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 8 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 9 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 12 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 13 scriptures scripture NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 15 appeared appear VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 16 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 17 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 18 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 19 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 20 seventy seventy CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 21 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 22 Translators Translators NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 23 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 24 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 25 compelled compel VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 27 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 29 translation translation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 30 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 31 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 32 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 413 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 2 86 86 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 4 That that WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 5 is be VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 6 confirmed confirm VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 7 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 8 historian historian NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 9 Flavius Flavius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 10 Josephus Josephus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 12 who who WP en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 13 writes write VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 14 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 15 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 17 desirous desirous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 18 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 19 collect collect VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 20 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 21 book book NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 22 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 23 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 24 habitable habitable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 25 earth earth NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 27 applied apply VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 28 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 29 Phalereus Phalereus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 30 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 32 task task NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 34 organizing organize VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 35 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 36 effort effort NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 37 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 38 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 39 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 40 high high JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 41 priests priest NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 42 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 43 translate translate VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 44 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 45 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 46 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 49 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 50 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 51 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 52 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 414 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 2 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 4 Josephus Josephus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 5 thus thus RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 6 places place VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 8 origins origin NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 11 Septuagint Septuagint NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 14 3rd 3rd JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 15 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 16 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 18 when when WRB en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 19 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 20 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 21 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 22 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 23 lived live VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 415 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 1 According accord VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 2 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 3 Jewish jewish JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 4 legend legend NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 7 seventy seventy CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 8 wrote write VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 9 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 10 translations translation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 11 independently independently RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 12 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 13 memory memory NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 14 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 15 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 17 resultant resultant JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 18 works work NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 19 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 20 identical identical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 21 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 22 every every DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 23 letter letter NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 416 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 1 Arabs[edit arabs[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 3 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 4 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 6 more more JJR en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 7 than than IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 8 2,000 2,000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 9 papyri papyrus NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 10 written write VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 11 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 12 Zeno Zeno NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 14 Caunus Caunus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 15 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 17 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 19 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 20 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 21 Philadelphus Philadelphus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 22 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 23 discovered discover VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 24 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 25 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 26 contained contain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 27 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 28 least least JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 29 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 30 references reference NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 31 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 32 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 33 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 34 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 35 area area NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 36 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 38 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 41 Red Red NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 42 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 44 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 45 mentioned mention VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 46 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 47 jobs job NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 48 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 49 police police NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 50 officers officer NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 51 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 52 charge charge NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 54 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 55 ten ten CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 56 person person NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 57 units unit NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 58 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 59 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 60 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 61 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 62 others other NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 63 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 64 mentioned mention VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 65 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 66 shepherds shepherd NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 417 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 2 88 88 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 4 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 7 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 8 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 9 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 10 provided provide VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 11 camel camel NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 12 convoys convoy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 13 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 15 armies army NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 17 some some DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 18 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 19 leaders leader NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 20 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 21 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 22 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 24 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 25 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 26 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 27 allegiance allegiance NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 28 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 29 none none NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 31 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 32 kingdoms kingdom NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 33 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 34 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 35 or or CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 36 Syria Syria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 38 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 39 they -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 40 managed manage VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 41 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 42 raid raid VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 43 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 44 attack attack VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 45 both both DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 46 sides side NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 48 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 49 conflict conflict NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 50 between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 51 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 52 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 53 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 54 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 55 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 56 enemies enemy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 418 57 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 419 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 419 2 89][90 89][90 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 419 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 419 4 Agriculture[edit Agriculture[edit `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 419 5 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 419 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 419 7 early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 419 8 Ptolemies ptolemy NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 419 9 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 419 10 cultivatable cultivatable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 419 11 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 419 12 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 419 13 irrigation irrigation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 419 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 419 15 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 419 16 reclamation reclamation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 419 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 420 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 420 2 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 420 3 drained drain VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 420 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 420 5 marshes marsh NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 420 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 420 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 420 8 Faiyum Faiyum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 420 9 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 420 10 create create VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 420 11 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 420 12 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 420 13 province province NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 420 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 420 15 cultivatable cultivatable JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 420 16 land land NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 420 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 2 91 91 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 4 They -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 5 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 6 introduced introduce VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 7 crops crop NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 8 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 9 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 10 durum durum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 11 wheat wheat NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 13 intensified intensify VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 15 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 17 goods good NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 18 such such JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 19 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 20 wool wool NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 421 21 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 1 Wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 2 production production NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 3 increased increase VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 4 dramatically dramatically RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 5 during during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 7 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 8 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 10 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 12 new new JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 13 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 14 ruling ruling NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 15 class class NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 16 greatly greatly RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 17 preferred prefer VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 18 wine wine NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 19 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 21 beer beer NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 22 traditionally traditionally RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 23 produced produce VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 24 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 25 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 422 26 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 423 1 Vines vine NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 423 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 423 3 regions region NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 423 4 like like IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 423 5 Crete Crete NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 423 6 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 423 7 planted plant VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 423 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 423 9 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 423 10 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 423 11 an an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 423 12 attempt attempt NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 423 13 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 423 14 produce produce VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 423 15 Greek greek JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 423 16 wines wine NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 423 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 1 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 2 92 92 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 4 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 6 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 7 rulers[edit rulers[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 8 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 9 Main main JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 10 article article NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 12 List list NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 13 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 14 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 15 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 16 See see VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 17 also[edit also[edit CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 18 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 19 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 20 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 21 portal portal JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 22 Antipatrid Antipatrid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 23 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 24 Antigonid Antigonid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 25 dynasty dynasty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 26 Cup Cup NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 29 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 30 Dryton Dryton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 31 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 32 Apollonia Apollonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 33 Archive Archive NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 34 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 35 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 36 Bactrian Bactrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 37 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 38 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 39 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 40 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 41 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 42 Indo Indo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 43 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 44 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 45 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 46 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 47 Pontus Pontus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 48 Notes[edit notes[edit NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 49 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 50 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 51 Scholars Scholars NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 52 also also RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 53 argue argue VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 54 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 55 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 56 kingdom kingdom NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 57 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 58 founded found VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 59 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 60 304 304 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 61 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 62 because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 63 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 64 different different JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 65 use use NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 66 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 67 calendars calendar NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 68 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 69 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 70 crowned crown VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 71 himself -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 72 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 73 304 304 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 74 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 75 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 76 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 77 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 78 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 79 calendar calendar NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 80 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 81 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 82 305 305 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 83 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 84 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 85 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 86 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 87 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 88 calendar calendar NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 89 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 90 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 91 resolve resolve VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 92 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 93 issue issue NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 94 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 95 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 96 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 97 305/4 305/4 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 98 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 99 counted count VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 100 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 101 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 102 first first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 103 year year NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 104 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 105 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 106 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 107 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 108 Demotic Demotic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 109 papyri papyri NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 424 110 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 1 References[edit references[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 3 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 4 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 5 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 6 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 8 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 10 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 11 Periods Periods NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 13 323 323 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 14 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 15 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 16 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 17 305 305 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 19 R. R. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 20 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 21 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 22 Law Law NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 24 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 25 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 26 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 28 Africa Africa NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 30 Vol Vol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 425 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 426 1 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 426 2 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 426 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 427 1 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 427 2 D. D. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 427 3 Fage Fage NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 427 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 427 5 Roland Roland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 427 6 Anthony Anthony NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 427 7 Oliver Oliver NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 427 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 427 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 427 10 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 427 11 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 427 12 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 427 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 427 14 1979 1979 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 427 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 427 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 427 17 154 154 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 427 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 428 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 428 2 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 428 3 Snape Snape NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 428 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 428 5 16 16 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 428 6 March March NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 428 7 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 428 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 428 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 429 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 429 2 Estimating Estimating NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 429 3 Population Population NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 429 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 429 5 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 429 6 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 429 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 429 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 430 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 430 2 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 430 3 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 430 4 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 430 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 2 Buraselis Buraselis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 4 Stefanou Stefanou NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 6 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 7 ed ed NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 8 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 9 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 10 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 13 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 14 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 16 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 17 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 18 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 19 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 20 Waterborne Waterborne NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 21 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 431 22 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 1 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 2 Diodorus Diodorus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 3 Siculus Siculus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 5 Bibliotheca Bibliotheca NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 6 historica historica NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 8 18.21.9 18.21.9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 9 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 10 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 11 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 13 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 14 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 16 Macedonian Macedonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 18 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 19 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 20 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 21 332–30 332–30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 22 bce bce NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 23 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 432 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 433 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 433 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 433 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 434 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 434 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 434 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 434 4 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 434 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 434 6 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 434 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 435 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 435 2 Robins Robins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 435 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 435 4 Gay Gay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 435 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 435 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 435 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 435 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 436 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 436 2 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 436 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 436 4 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 436 5 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 436 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 436 7 Revised Revised NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 436 8   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 436 9 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 436 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 436 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 436 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 437 1 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 437 2 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 437 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 437 4 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 437 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 437 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 437 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 438 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 438 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 438 3 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 438 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 439 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 439 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 439 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 439 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 439 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 439 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 439 7 674 674 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 439 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 439 9 03065 03065 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 439 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 439 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 439 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 440 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 440 2 Hölbl Hölbl NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 440 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 440 4 Günther Günther NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 440 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 440 6 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 440 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 440 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 441 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 441 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 441 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 441 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 441 5 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 441 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 441 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 442 1 UK UK NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 442 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 442 3 USA USA NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 442 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 442 5 Canada Canada NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 442 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 442 7 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 442 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 443 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 443 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 443 3 22 22 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 443 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 444 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 444 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 444 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 444 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 444 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 444 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 444 7 415 415 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 444 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 444 9 23489 23489 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 444 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 444 11 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 444 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 445 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 445 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 445 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 445 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 445 5 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 445 6 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 445 7 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 445 8 Macedonian Macedonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 445 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 445 10 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 445 11 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 445 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 445 13 332–30 332–30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 445 14 bce bce NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 445 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 445 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 445 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 446 1 Encyclopedia Encyclopedia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 446 2 Britannica Britannica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 446 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 447 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 447 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 447 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 447 4 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 447 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 447 6 08 08 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 447 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 2 Bagnall Bagnall NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 4 Director Director NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 7 Institute Institute NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 8 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 10 Study Study NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 13 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 14 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 15 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 16 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 17 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 18 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 448 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 449 1 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 449 2 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 449 3 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 449 4 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 449 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 449 6 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 449 7 Christians Christians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 449 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 449 9 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 449 10 Archaeological Archaeological NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 449 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 449 12 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 449 13 Guide Guide NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 449 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 450 1 Getty Getty NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 450 2 Publications Publications NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 450 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 451 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 451 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 452 1 11–21 11–21 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 452 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 453 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 453 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 453 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 453 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 453 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 453 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 453 7 89236 89236 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 453 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 453 9 796 796 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 453 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 453 11 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 453 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 454 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 454 2 Lewis Lewis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 454 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 454 4 Naphtali Naphtali NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 454 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 454 6 1986 1986 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 454 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 454 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 455 1 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 455 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 455 3 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 455 4 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 455 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 455 6 Case Case NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 455 7 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 455 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 455 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 455 10 Social Social NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 455 11 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 455 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 455 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 455 14 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 455 15 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 455 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 456 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 456 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 456 3 Clarendon Clarendon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 456 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 456 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 457 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 457 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 458 1 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 458 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 459 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 459 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 459 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 459 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 459 5 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 459 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 459 7 814867 814867 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 459 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 459 9 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 459 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 460 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 460 2 Department Department NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 460 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 460 4 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 460 5 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 460 6 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 460 7 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 460 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 461 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 461 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 461 3 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 461 4 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 461 5 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 461 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 461 7 550–330 550–330 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 461 8 B.C. B.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 461 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 461 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 461 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 462 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 462 2 Heilbrunn Heilbrunn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 462 3 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 462 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 462 5 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 462 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 462 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 463 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 463 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 463 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 463 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 463 5 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 463 6 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 463 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 463 8 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 463 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 463 10 2000–. 2000–. CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 464 1 http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/acha/hd_acha.htm http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/acha/hd_acha.htm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 464 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 464 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 464 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 464 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 464 6 Source source NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 464 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 464 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 464 9 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 464 10 Persian Persian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 464 11 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 464 12 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 464 13 550–330 550–330 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 464 14 B.C. B.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 464 15 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 1 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 2 Thematic Thematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 3 Essay Essay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 4 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 5 Heilbrunn Heilbrunn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 6 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 8 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 9 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 10 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 11 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 12 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 13 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 14 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 15 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 16 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 17 Hemingway Hemingway NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 19 Colette Colette NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 21 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 22 Seán Seán NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 23 Hemingway Hemingway NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 465 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 466 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 466 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 466 3 Rise rise NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 466 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 466 5 Macedonia Macedonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 466 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 466 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 466 8 Conquests Conquests NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 466 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 466 10 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 466 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 466 12 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 466 13 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 466 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 467 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 467 2 Heilbrunn Heilbrunn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 467 3 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 467 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 467 5 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 467 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 467 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 468 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 468 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 468 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 468 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 468 5 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 468 6 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 468 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 468 8 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 468 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 468 10 2000–. 2000–. CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 1 http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/alex/hd_alex.htm http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/alex/hd_alex.htm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 4 2004 2004 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 6 Source source NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 9 Rise Rise NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 10 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 11 Macedonia Macedonia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 12 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 14 Conquests Conquests NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 15 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 16 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 17 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 18 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 19 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 20 Thematic Thematic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 21 Essay Essay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 22 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 23 Heilbrunn Heilbrunn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 24 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 25 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 26 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 27 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 28 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 29 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 30 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 31 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 33 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 34 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 35 Grabbe Grabbe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 36 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 37 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 38 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 39   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 40 268 268 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 41 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 42 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 44 treaty treaty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 45 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 46 301 301 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 47 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 48 this this DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 49 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 50 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 51 assigned assign VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 52 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 53 Seleucus Seleucus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 54 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 55 however however RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 56 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 57 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 58 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 59 just just RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 60 seized seize VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 61 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 62 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 63 refused refuse VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 64 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 65 return return VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 66 it -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 469 67 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 1 Because because IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 2 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 3 had have VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 4 been be VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 5 very very RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 6 helpful helpful JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 7 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 8 Seleucus Seleucus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 11 past past NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 14 latter latter JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 15 did do VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 16 not not RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 17 press press VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 18 his -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 19 claim claim NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 21 but but CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 22 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 23 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 24 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 25 continued continue VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 26 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 27 regard regard VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 28 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 29 region region NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 30 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 31 rightfully rightfully RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 32 theirs -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 470 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 471 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 471 2 result result NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 471 3 was be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 471 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 471 5 series series NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 471 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 471 7 Syrian Syrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 471 8 Wars Wars NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 471 9 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 471 10 which which WDT en-wikipedia-org-3243 471 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 471 12 Seleucids seleucid NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 471 13 attempted attempt VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 471 14 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 471 15 take take VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 471 16 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 471 17 territory territory NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 471 18 back back RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 471 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 472 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 472 2 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 472 3 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 472 4 Philadelphus Philadelphus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 472 5 [ [ -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 472 6 308 308 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 472 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 472 8 246 246 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 472 9 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 472 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 473 1 Mahlon Mahlon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 473 2 H. H. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 473 3 Smith Smith NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 473 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 474 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 474 2 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 474 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 474 4 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 474 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 474 6 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 474 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 5 Burstein Burstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 7 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 10 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 11   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 12 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 13 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 14 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 15 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 16 Hölbl Hölbl NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 17 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 19 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 475 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 476 1 63–65 63–65 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 476 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 476 3 Galen Galen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 476 4 Commentary Commentary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 476 5 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 476 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 476 7 Epidemics Epidemics NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 476 8 3.17.1.606 3.17.1.606 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 476 9 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 476 10 Hölbl Hölbl NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 476 11 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 476 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 476 13 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 476 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 477 1 162–4 162–4 LS en-wikipedia-org-3243 477 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 477 3 Fletcher Fletcher NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 477 4 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 477 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 477 6 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 477 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 478 1 246–247 246–247 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 478 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 478 3 image image NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 478 4 plates plate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 478 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 478 6 captions caption NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 478 7 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3243 478 8 Török Török NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 478 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 478 10 László László NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 478 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 478 12 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 478 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 478 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 479 1 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 479 2 Two two CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 479 3 Worlds world NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 479 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 479 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 479 6 Frontier Frontier NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 479 7 Region Region NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 479 8 Between between IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 479 9 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 479 10 Nubia Nubia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 479 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 479 12 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 479 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 479 14 3700 3700 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 479 15 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 479 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 479 17 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 479 18 500 500 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 479 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 480 1 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 480 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 480 3 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 480 4 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 480 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 480 6 Köln Köln NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 480 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 480 8 Brill brill NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 480 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 481 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 481 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 482 1 400–404 400–404 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 482 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 483 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 483 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 483 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 483 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 483 5 90 90 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 483 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 483 7 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 483 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 483 9 17197 17197 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 483 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 483 11 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 483 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 2 Grainger Grainger NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 3 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 5 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 6   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 7 325 325 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 8 harvnb harvnb NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 9 error error NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 11 no no DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 12 target target NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 14 CITEREFGrainger2010 CITEREFGrainger2010 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 16 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 18 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 19 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 21 A A NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 22 Life Life NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 23 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 24 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 25 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 26 Peters Peters NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 27 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 28 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 29 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 31 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 32   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 33 193 193 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 34 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 35 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 36 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 37 Peters Peters NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 38 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 39 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 41 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 42 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 43   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 44 194 194 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 45 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 46 Peters Peters NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 47 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 48 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 49 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 51 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 52   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 53 195f 195f NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 54 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 55 Gay Gay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 56 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 57 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 58 Robins Robins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 59 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 60 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 61 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 484 62 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 485 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 485 2 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 485 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 485 4 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 485 5 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 485 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 485 7 Rev. Rev. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 486 1 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 486 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 486 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 486 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 487 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 487 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 487 3 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 487 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 487 5 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 487 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 487 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 487 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 488 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 488 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 489 1 10 10 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 489 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 489 3 231 231 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 489 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 490 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 490 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 490 3 9780674030657 9780674030657 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 490 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 491 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 491 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 491 3 191732570 191732570 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 491 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 492 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 492 2 Lloyd Lloyd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 492 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 492 4 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 492 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 492 6 2003 2003 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 492 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 492 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 493 1 Shaw Shaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 493 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 493 3 Ian Ian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 493 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 493 5 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 493 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 493 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 493 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 494 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 494 2 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 494 3 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 494 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 494 5 332 332 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 494 6 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 494 7 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 494 8 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 494 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 494 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 495 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 495 2 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 495 3 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 495 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 495 5 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 495 6 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 495 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 496 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 496 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 496 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 496 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 497 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 497 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 498 1 393 393 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 498 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 499 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 499 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 499 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 499 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 499 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 499 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 499 7 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 499 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 499 9 280458 280458 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 499 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 499 11 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 499 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 500 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 500 2 Manning Manning NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 500 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 500 4 J.G. J.G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 501 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 501 2 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 501 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 501 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 502 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 502 2 Historical historical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 502 3 Understanding understanding NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 502 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 502 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 502 6 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 502 7 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 502 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 503 1 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 503 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 503 3 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 503 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 503 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 503 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 504 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 504 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 505 1 34–35 34–35 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 505 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 506 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 506 2 Malek Malek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 506 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 506 4 Jaromir Jaromir NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 506 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 506 6 1999 1999 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 506 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 506 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 507 1 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 507 2 Art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 507 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 508 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 508 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 508 3 Phaidon Phaidon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 508 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 508 5 Limited Limited NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 508 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 509 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 509 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 509 3 384 384 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 509 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 510 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3243 510 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 510 3 Bronze bronze JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 510 4 statuette statuette NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 510 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 510 6 Horus Horus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 510 7 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 510 8 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 510 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 510 10 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 510 11 | | CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 510 12 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 510 13 | | NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 510 14 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 510 15 Met Met NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 510 16 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 510 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 511 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 511 2 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 511 3 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 511 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 511 5 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 511 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 511 7 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-3243 512 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 512 2 Met Met NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 512 3 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 512 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 513 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 513 2 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 513 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 513 4 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 513 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 513 6 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 513 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 3 Faience faience JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 4 amulet amulet NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 6 Mut Mut NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 7 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 8 double double JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 9 crown crown NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 10 | | JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 11 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 13 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 14 | | CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 15 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 16 | | NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 17 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 18 Met Met NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 19 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 514 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 515 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 515 2 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 515 3 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 515 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 515 5 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 515 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 515 7 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-3243 516 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 516 2 Met Met NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 516 3 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 516 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 517 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 517 2 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 517 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 517 4 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 517 5 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 517 6 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 517 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 518 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 518 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 518 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 518 4 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 518 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 518 6 Ross Ross NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 518 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 519 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 519 2 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 519 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 519 4 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 519 5 Faience Faience NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 519 6 Vessels Vessels NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 519 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 519 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 519 9 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 519 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 519 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 520 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 520 2 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 520 3 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 520 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 521 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 521 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 521 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 521 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 521 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 521 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 522 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 522 2 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 522 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 522 4 Ross Ross NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 522 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 523 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 523 2 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 523 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 523 4 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 523 5 Faience Faience NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 523 6 Vessels Vessels NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 523 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 523 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 523 9 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 523 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 523 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 524 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 524 2 British British NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 524 3 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 524 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 525 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 525 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 525 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 525 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 525 5 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 525 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 526 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 526 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 526 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 526 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 526 5 Marble marble NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 526 6 head head NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 526 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 526 8 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 526 9 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 526 10 queen queen NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 526 11 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 526 12 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 526 13 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 526 14 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 526 15 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 526 16 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 526 17 Met Met NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 526 18 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 526 19 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 527 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 527 2 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 527 3 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 527 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 527 5 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 527 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 527 7 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-3243 528 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 528 2 Met Met NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 528 3 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 528 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 529 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 529 2 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 529 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 529 4 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 529 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 529 6 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 529 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 530 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 530 2 Pomeroy Pomeroy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 530 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 530 4 Sarah Sarah NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 530 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 530 6 1990 1990 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 530 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 530 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 531 1 Women woman NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 531 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 531 3 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 531 4 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 531 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 531 6 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 531 7 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 531 8 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 531 9 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 531 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 532 1 Detroit Detroit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 532 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 532 3 Wayne Wayne NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 532 4 State State NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 532 5 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 532 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 532 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 533 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 533 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 533 3 29 29 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 533 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 534 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 534 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 534 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 534 4 Gay Gay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 534 5 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 534 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 534 7 Robins Robins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 534 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 534 9 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 534 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 534 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 535 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 535 2 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 535 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 535 4 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 535 5 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 535 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 535 7 Rev. Rev. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 536 1 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 536 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 536 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 536 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 537 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 537 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 537 3 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 537 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 537 5 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 537 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 537 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 537 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 538 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 538 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 538 3 236 236 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 538 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 539 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 539 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 539 3 9780674030657 9780674030657 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 539 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 540 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 540 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 540 3 191732570 191732570 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 540 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 541 1 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3243 541 2 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 541 3 Statuette Statuette NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 541 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 541 5 Arsinoe Arsinoe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 541 6 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 541 7 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 541 8 her -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 541 9 Posthumous Posthumous NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 541 10 Cult Cult NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 541 11 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 541 12 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 541 13 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 541 14 | | NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 541 15 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 541 16 Met Met NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 541 17 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 541 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 542 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 542 2 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 542 3 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 542 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 542 5 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 542 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 542 7 i.e. i.e. FW en-wikipedia-org-3243 543 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 543 2 Met Met NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 543 3 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 543 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 544 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 544 2 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 544 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 544 4 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 544 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 544 6 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 544 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 545 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 545 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 545 3 b b NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 545 4 c c NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 545 5 d d NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 545 6 Gay Gay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 545 7 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 545 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 545 9 Robins Robins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 545 10 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 545 11 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 545 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 545 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 546 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 546 2 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 546 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 546 4 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 546 5 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 546 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 546 7 Rev. Rev. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 547 1 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 547 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 547 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 547 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 548 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 548 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 548 3 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 548 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 548 5 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 548 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 548 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 548 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 549 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 549 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 549 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 549 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 549 5 0674030657 0674030657 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 549 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 550 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 550 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 550 3 191732570 191732570 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 550 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 551 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 551 2 Rosalie Rosalie NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 551 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 551 4 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 551 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 551 6 1993 1993 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 551 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 551 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 552 1 Discovering Discovering NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 552 2 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 552 3 Egyptology Egyptology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 552 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 553 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 553 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 553 3 99 99 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 553 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 554 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 554 2 Fischer Fischer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 554 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 554 4 Bovet Bovet NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 554 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 554 6 Christelle Christelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 554 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 555 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 555 2 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 555 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 555 4 Egyptian Egyptian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 555 5 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 555 6 Building Building NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 555 7 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 555 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 555 9 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 555 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 555 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 555 12 PDF PDF NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 555 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 555 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 556 1 Cite Cite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 556 2 journal journal NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 556 3 requires require VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 556 4 |journal= |journal= NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 556 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 556 6 help help NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 556 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 556 8 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3243 556 9 1941- 1941- CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 556 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 556 11 Török Török NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 556 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 556 13 László László NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 556 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 556 15 2011 2011 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 556 16 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 556 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 1 Hellenizing hellenize VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 2 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 4 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 5 Nubia Nubia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 7 300 300 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 8 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 10 AD AD NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 11 250 250 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 12 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 14 its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 15 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 16 models model NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 17   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 18 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 19 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 20 study study NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 22 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 23 acculturation acculturation NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 24 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 557 25 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 558 1 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 558 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 558 3 Brill Brill NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 558 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 559 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 559 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 559 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 559 4 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 559 5 9004211285 9004211285 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 559 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 560 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 560 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 560 3 744946342.CS1 744946342.cs1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 560 4 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 560 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 560 6 numeric numeric JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 560 7 names name NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 560 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 560 9 authors author NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 560 10 list list NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 560 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 560 12 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 560 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 560 14 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3243 560 15 Antiquities Antiquities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 560 16 Experts Experts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 560 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 561 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 561 2 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 561 3 Art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 561 4 During during IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 561 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 561 6 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 561 7 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 561 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 561 9 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 561 10 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 561 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 561 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 562 1 Antiquities Antiquities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 562 2 Experts Experts NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 562 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 563 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 563 2 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 563 3 June June NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 563 4 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 563 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 564 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 564 2 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 564 3 b b NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 564 4 c c NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 564 5 Hill Hill NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 564 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 564 7 Marsha Marsha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 564 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 565 1 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 565 2 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 565 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 565 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 565 5 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 565 6 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 565 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 565 8 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 565 9 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 565 10 Heilbrunn Heilbrunn NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 565 11 Timeline Timeline NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 565 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 565 13 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 565 14 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 565 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 566 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 566 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 566 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 566 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 566 5 Metropolitan Metropolitan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 566 6 Museum Museum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 566 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 566 8 Art Art NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 566 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 566 10 2000–. 2000–. CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 567 1 http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ptol/hd_ptol.htm http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/ptol/hd_ptol.htm NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 567 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 567 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 567 4 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 567 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 567 6 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3243 567 7 Gay Gay NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 567 8 . . NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 567 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 567 10 Robins Robins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 567 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 567 12 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 567 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 567 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 568 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 568 2 art art NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 568 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 568 4 ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 568 5 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 568 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 568 7 Rev. Rev. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 569 1 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 569 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 569 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 569 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 570 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 570 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 570 3 Massachusetts Massachusetts NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 570 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 570 5 Harvard Harvard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 570 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 570 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 570 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 571 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 571 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 571 3 244 244 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 571 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 572 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 572 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 572 3 9780674030657 9780674030657 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 572 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 573 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 573 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 573 3 191732570 191732570 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 573 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 574 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 574 2 Seele Seele NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 574 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 574 4 Keith Keith NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 574 5 C. C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 574 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 574 7 1947 1947 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 574 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 574 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 575 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 575 2 Horus Horus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 575 3 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 575 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 575 5 Crocodiles Crocodiles NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 575 6 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 575 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 576 1 Journal Journal NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 576 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 576 3 Near Near NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 576 4 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 576 5 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 576 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 577 1 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 577 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 577 3 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 577 4 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 577 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 577 6 43–52 43–52 LS en-wikipedia-org-3243 577 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 578 1 doi:10.1086/370811 doi:10.1086/370811 FW en-wikipedia-org-3243 578 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 579 1 JSTOR JSTOR NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 579 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 579 3 542233 542233 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 579 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 580 1 S2CID S2CID NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 580 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 580 3 161676438 161676438 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 580 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 581 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 581 2 Bingen Bingen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 581 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 581 4 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 581 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 581 6 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 581 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 581 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 582 1 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 582 2 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 582 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 582 4 Monarchy Monarchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 582 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 582 6 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 582 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 582 8 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 582 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 582 10 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 582 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 583 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 583 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 583 3 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 583 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 583 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 584 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 584 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 584 3 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 584 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 585 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 585 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 585 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 585 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 585 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 585 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 585 7 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 585 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 585 9 25141 25141 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 585 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 585 11 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 585 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 586 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 586 2 Fischer Fischer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 586 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 586 4 Bovet Bovet NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 586 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 586 6 Christelle Christelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 586 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 586 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 586 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 586 10 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 586 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 586 12 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 586 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 586 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 587 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 587 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 587 3 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 587 4 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 587 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 587 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 588 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 588 2 Handbooks Handbooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 588 3 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 588 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 589 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 589 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 589 3 oxfordhb/9780199935390.001.0001 oxfordhb/9780199935390.001.0001 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 589 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 589 5 inactive inactive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 589 6 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 589 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 589 8 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 589 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 589 10 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 589 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 589 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 4 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 6 08.CS1 08.cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 7 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 9 DOI doi NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 10 inactive inactive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 13 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 14 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 16 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 18 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 19 Christelle Christelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 20 Fischer Fischer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 21 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 22 Bovet Bovet NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 24 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 25 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 26 Warriors warrior NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 27 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 28 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 29 Machimoi Machimoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 30 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 31 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 32 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 33 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 34 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 35 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 36 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 37 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 38 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 39 Quarterly Quarterly NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 40 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 41 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 42 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 43 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 44 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 45 209–236 209–236 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 46 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 47 222–223 222–223 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 48 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 49 P.Tebt p.tebt NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 590 50 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 1 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 2 121 121 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 4 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 5 Andrew Andrew NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 6 Monson Monson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 8 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 9 Late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 10 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 11 Capitation Capitation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 12 Taxes taxis NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 13 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 15 Poll Poll NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 16 Tax Tax NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 17 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 18 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 19 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 21 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 22 Bulletin Bulletin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 23 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 24 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 25 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 26 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 27 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 28 Papyrologists Papyrologists NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 29 51 51 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 31 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 33 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 34 127–160 127–160 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 36 134 134 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 591 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 592 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 592 2 Fischer Fischer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 592 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 592 4 Bovet Bovet NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 592 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 592 6 Christelle Christelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 592 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 592 8 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 592 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 592 10 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 592 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 592 12 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 592 13 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 592 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 593 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 593 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 593 3 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 593 4 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 593 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 593 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 594 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 594 2 Handbooks Handbooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 594 3 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 594 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 595 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 595 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 595 3 oxfordhb/9780199935390.001.0001 oxfordhb/9780199935390.001.0001 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 595 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 595 5 inactive inactive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 595 6 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 595 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 595 8 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 595 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 595 10 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 595 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 595 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 4 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 6 08.CS1 08.cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 7 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 9 DOI doi NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 10 inactive inactive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 13 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 14 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 16 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 18 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 19 Sean Sean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 20 Lesquier Lesquier NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 22 Les Les NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 23 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 24 militaires militaire VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 25 de de IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 26 l’Egypte l’egypte JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 27 sous sous JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 28 les les NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 29 Lagides Lagides NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 30 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 31 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 33 Ernest Ernest NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 34 Leroux Leroux NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 36 1911 1911 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 37 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 38 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 39 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 40 Roger Roger NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 41 S. S. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 42 Bagnall Bagnall NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 44 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 45 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 46 Origins Origins NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 47 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 48 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 49 Cleruchs Cleruchs NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 50 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 51 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 52 Bulletin Bulletin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 53 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 54 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 55 American American NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 56 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 57 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 58 Papyrology Papyrology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 59 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 60 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 61 1984 1984 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 62 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 63 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 64 7–20 7–20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 65 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 66 16–18 16–18 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 67 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 68 Fischer Fischer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 69 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 70 Bovet Bovet NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 71 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 72 Christelle Christelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 73 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 74 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 75 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 76 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 77 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 78 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 79 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 596 80 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 597 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 597 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 597 3 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 597 4 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 597 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 597 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 598 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 598 2 Handbooks Handbooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 598 3 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 598 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 599 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 599 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 599 3 oxfordhb/9780199935390.001.0001 oxfordhb/9780199935390.001.0001 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 599 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 599 5 inactive inactive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 599 6 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 599 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 599 8 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 599 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 599 10 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 599 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 599 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 4 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 6 08.CS1 08.cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 7 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 9 DOI doi NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 10 inactive inactive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 13 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 14 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 16 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 18 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 19 Heinz Heinz NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 20 Heinen Heinen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 21 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 22 Heer Heer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 23 und und NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 24 Gesellschaft Gesellschaft NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 25 i -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 26 m be VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 27 Ptolemäerreich Ptolemäerreich NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 28 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 30 Vom Vom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 31 hellenistischen hellenistischen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 32 Osten Osten NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 33 zum zum NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 34 römischen römischen NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 35 Westen Westen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 36 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 37 Ausgewählte Ausgewählte NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 38 Schriften Schriften NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 39 zur zur NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 40 Alten Alten NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 41 Geschichte Geschichte NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 600 42 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 601 1 Steiner Steiner NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 601 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 601 3 Stuttgart Stuttgart NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 601 4 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 601 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 601 6 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 601 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 601 8 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 601 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 601 10 515 515 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 601 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 601 12 08740 08740 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 601 13 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 601 14 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 601 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 601 16 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 601 17 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 1 61–84 61–84 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 2 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 3 Crawford Crawford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 5 Kerkeosiris Kerkeosiris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 7 Table Table NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 8 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 10 155–159 155–159 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 12 Edmond Edmond NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 13 Van Van NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 14 ‘ ' `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 15 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 16 Dack Dack NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 18 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 19 Sur sur NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 20 l’évolution l’évolution NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 21 des des FW en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 22 institutions institution NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 23 militaires militaire VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 24 lagides lagide NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 25 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 26 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 27 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 28 Armées Armées NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 29 et et NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 30 fiscalité fiscalité NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 31 dans dans NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 32 le le NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 33 monde monde NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 34 antique antique NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 602 35 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 1 Actes Actes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 2 du du VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 3 colloque colloque NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 4 national national NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 6 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 8 14–16 14–16 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 9 octobre octobre NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 10 1976 1976 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 11 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 12 Paris Paris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 14 Editions Editions NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 15 du du NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 16 Centre Centre NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 17 national national JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 18 de de NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 19 la la NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 20 recherche recherche NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 21 scientifique scientifique NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 23 1977 1977 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 24 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 26 87 87 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 27 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 28 note note VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 29 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 603 30 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 2 Christelle Christelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 3 Fischer Fischer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 5 Bovet Bovet NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 7 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 10 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 11 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 12 warriors warrior NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 13 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 14 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 15 Machimoi Machimoi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 16 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 17 Herodotus Herodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 18 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 19 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 20 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 21 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 604 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 2 Classical Classical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 3 Quarterly Quarterly NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 4 63 63 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 6 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 9 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 10 225 225 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 12 doi:10.1017 doi:10.1017 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 13 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 14 S000983881200064X S000983881200064X NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 15 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 16 Fischer Fischer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 18 Bovet Bovet NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 20 Christelle Christelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 21 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 22 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 23 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 24 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 26 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 27 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 605 28 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 606 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 606 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 606 3 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 606 4 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 606 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 606 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 607 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 607 2 Handbooks Handbooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 607 3 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 607 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 608 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 608 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 608 3 oxfordhb/9780199935390.001.0001 oxfordhb/9780199935390.001.0001 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 608 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 608 5 inactive inactive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 608 6 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 608 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 608 8 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 608 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 608 10 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 608 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 608 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 4 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 6 08.CS1 08.cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 7 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 9 DOI doi NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 10 inactive inactive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 13 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 14 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 16 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 18 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 19 Fischer Fischer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 21 Bovet Bovet NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 23 Christelle Christelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 25 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 27 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 29 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 609 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 610 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 610 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 610 3 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 610 4 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 610 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 610 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 611 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 611 2 Handbooks Handbooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 611 3 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 611 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 612 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 612 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 612 3 oxfordhb/9780199935390.001.0001 oxfordhb/9780199935390.001.0001 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 612 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 612 5 inactive inactive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 612 6 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 612 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 612 8 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 612 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 612 10 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 612 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 612 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 4 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 6 08.CS1 08.cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 7 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 9 DOI doi NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 10 inactive inactive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 13 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 14 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 16 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 18 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 19 Dorothy Dorothy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 20 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 21 Crawford Crawford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 23 Kerkeosiris Kerkeosiris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 25 An an DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 26 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 27 village village NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 28 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 29 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 30 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 31 period period NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 32 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 33 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 34 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 35 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 36 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 37 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 38 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 39 1971 1971 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 40 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 41 estimated estimate VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 42 that that IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 43 a a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 44 family family NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 45 could could MD en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 46 live live VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 47 on on IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 48 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 49 arouras aroura NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 50 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 51 see see VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 52 P.Tebt p.tebt RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 613 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 614 1 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 614 2 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 614 3 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 614 4 Kerkeosiris Kerkeosiris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 614 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 614 6 late late JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 614 7 second second JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 614 8 century century NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 614 9 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 614 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 614 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 2 Michel Michel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 3 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 4 Austin Austin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 7 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 8 World World NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 10 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 11 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 13 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 14 Conquest Conquest NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 15 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 16 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 17 Selection Selection NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 18 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 19 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 20 Sources Sources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 21 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 22 Translation Translation NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 23 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 24 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 25 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 26 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 27 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 28 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 29 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 30 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 31 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 32 # # $ en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 33 283 283 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 34 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 35 l. l. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 36 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 615 37 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 616 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 616 2 Nick Nick NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 616 3 Sekunda Sekunda NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 616 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 616 5 “ " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 616 6 Military Military NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 616 7 Forces Forces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 616 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 617 1 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 1 Land Land NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 2 Forces Forces NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 4 ” " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 6 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 7 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 8 History History NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 10 Greek Greek NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 11 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 12 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 13 Warfare Warfare NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 15 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 16 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 17 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 18 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 19 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 21 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 23 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 24 Fischer Fischer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 25 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 26 Bovet Bovet NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 28 Christelle Christelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 29 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 30 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 32 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 33 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 34 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 35 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 618 36 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 619 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 619 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 619 3 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 619 4 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 619 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 619 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 620 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 620 2 Handbooks Handbooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 620 3 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 620 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 621 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 621 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 621 3 oxfordhb/9780199935390.001.0001 oxfordhb/9780199935390.001.0001 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 621 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 621 5 inactive inactive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 621 6 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 621 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 621 8 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 621 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 621 10 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 621 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 621 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 4 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 6 08.CS1 08.cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 7 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 9 DOI doi NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 10 inactive inactive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 13 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 14 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 16 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 18 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 19 Fischer Fischer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 20 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 21 Bovet Bovet NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 23 Christelle Christelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 24 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 25 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 27 03 03 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 29 04 04 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 30 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 622 31 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 623 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 623 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 623 3 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 623 4 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 623 5 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 623 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 624 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 624 2 Handbooks Handbooks NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 624 3 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 624 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 625 1 doi:10.1093 doi:10.1093 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 625 2 / / SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 625 3 oxfordhb/9780199935390.001.0001 oxfordhb/9780199935390.001.0001 NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 625 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 625 5 inactive inactive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 625 6 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 625 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 625 8 01 01 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 625 9 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 625 10 14 14 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 625 11 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 625 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 4 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 6 08.CS1 08.cs1 NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 7 maint maint NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 9 DOI doi NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 10 inactive inactive JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 11 as as IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 12 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 13 January January NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 14 2021 2021 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 15 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 16 link link NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 17 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 18 ^ ^ . en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 19 Arthur Arthur NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 20 MacCartney MacCartney NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 21 Shepard shepard RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 23 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 24 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 25 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 26 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 27 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 28 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 29 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 30 Story Story NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 31 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 32 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 33 Navies Navies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 34 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 35 Classic Classic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 36 Greece Greece NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 37 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 38 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 39 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 40 Boston Boston NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 41 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 42 Little little JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 43 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 44 Brown Brown NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 45 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 46 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 47 Co. Co. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 48 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 49 1924 1924 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 51 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 52 128 128 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 626 53 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 2 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 3 Harrison Harrison NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 4 McKinney McKinney NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 6 Novel Novel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 7 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 8 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 9 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 11 Arsinoë Arsinoë NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 12 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 14 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 15 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 18 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 19 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 20 ’s ’s POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 21 innovative innovative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 22 thalassocracies thalassocracie NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 24 Whitman Whitman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 25 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 27 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 28 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 30 https://arminda.whitman.edu/theses/415 https://arminda.whitman.edu/theses/415 ADD en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 31 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 32 Thucydides thucydide NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 33 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 34 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 35 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 36 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 37 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 38 Peloponnesian Peloponnesian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 39 War War NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 40 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 41 5.34.6 5.34.6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 42 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 43 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 44 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 45 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 627 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 3 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 6 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 7 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 9 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 11 Studies Studies NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 13 Waterborne Waterborne NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 14 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 16 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 17 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 18 Kostas Kostas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 19 Buraselis Buraselis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 21 Mary Mary NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 22 Stefanou Stefanou NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 24 Dorothy Dorothy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 25 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 26 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 27 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 28 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 29 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 30 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 31 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 32 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 628 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 629 1 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 629 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 629 3 13 13 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 629 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 630 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 630 2 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 630 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 631 1 pp.79 pp.79 LS en-wikipedia-org-3243 631 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 631 3 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 631 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 632 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3243 632 2 Gera Gera NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 632 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 632 4 Dov Dov NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 632 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 632 6 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 632 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 632 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 633 1 Judaea Judaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 633 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 633 3 Mediterranean Mediterranean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 633 4 Politics Politics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 633 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 633 6 219 219 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 633 7 to to TO en-wikipedia-org-3243 633 8 161 161 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 633 9 B.C.E. B.C.E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 634 1 Leiden Leiden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 634 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 634 3 Netherlands Netherlands NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 634 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 635 1 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 635 2 BRILL BRILL NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 635 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 636 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 636 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 636 3 211 211 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 636 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 637 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 637 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 637 3 9789004094413 9789004094413 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 637 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 638 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 638 2 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 638 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 639 1 pp.79 pp.79 LS en-wikipedia-org-3243 639 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 639 3 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 639 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 640 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 640 2 Robinson Robinson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 640 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 640 4 Carlos Carlos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 640 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 641 1 Francis Francis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 641 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 642 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 642 2 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 642 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 642 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 643 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 643 2 Queen Queen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 643 3 Arsinoë Arsinoë NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 643 4 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 643 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 643 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 643 7 Maritime Maritime NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 643 8 Aphrodite Aphrodite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 643 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 643 10 Early early JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 643 11 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 643 12 Ruler ruler NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 643 13 Cult cult NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 643 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 643 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 644 1 Chapter chapter NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 644 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 644 3 Naval Naval NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 644 4 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 644 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 644 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 644 7 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 644 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 644 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 644 10 Maritime Maritime NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 644 11 Aphrodite Aphrodite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 644 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 645 1 pp.79 pp.79 LS en-wikipedia-org-3243 645 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 645 3 94 94 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 645 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 646 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 646 2 thesis thesis NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 646 3 submitted submit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 646 4 for for IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 646 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 646 6 degree degree NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 646 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 646 8 Master Master NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 646 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 646 10 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 646 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 647 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 647 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 647 3 Queensland Queensland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 647 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 647 5 Australia Australia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 647 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 648 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 648 2 Muhs Muhs NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 648 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 648 4 Brian Brian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 648 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 648 6 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 648 7 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 648 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 648 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 648 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 649 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 649 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 649 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 649 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 649 5 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 649 6 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 649 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 649 8 332–30 332–30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 649 9 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 649 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 649 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 649 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 650 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 650 2 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 650 3 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 650 4 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 650 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 650 6 3000 3000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 650 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 650 8 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 650 9 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 650 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 651 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 651 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 651 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 651 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 651 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 651 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 651 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 651 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 652 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 652 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 652 3 9781107113367 9781107113367 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 652 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 653 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 653 2 Rickard Rickard NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 653 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 2 James James NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 3 Harrison Harrison NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 4 McKinney McKinney NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 6 Novel Novel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 7 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 8 naval naval JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 9 power power NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 10 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 11 Arsinoë Arsinoë NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 12 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 14 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 15 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 17 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 18 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 19 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 20 ’s ’s POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 21 innovative innovative JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 22 thalassocracies thalassocracie NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 24 Whitman Whitman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 25 College College NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 26 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 27 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 28 75 75 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 654 29 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 655 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 655 2 Muhs Muhs NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 655 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 656 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 656 2 Muhs Muhs NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 656 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 657 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 657 2 Muhs Muhs NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 657 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 658 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 658 2 Fischer Fischer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 658 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 658 4 Bovet Bovet NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 658 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 658 6 Christelle Christelle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 658 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 658 8 2014 2014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 658 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 658 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 659 1 Army Army NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 659 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 659 3 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 659 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 659 5 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 659 6 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 659 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 660 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 660 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 660 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 660 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 660 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 660 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 660 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 660 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 661 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 661 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 662 1 58–59 58–59 LS en-wikipedia-org-3243 662 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 663 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 663 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 663 3 9781107007758 9781107007758 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 663 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 664 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 664 2 Muhs Muhs NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 664 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 664 4 Brian Brian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 664 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 664 6 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 664 7 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 664 8 2016 2016 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 664 9 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 664 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 665 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 665 2 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 665 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 665 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 665 5 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 665 6 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 665 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 665 8 332–30 332–30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 665 9 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 665 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 665 11 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 665 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 666 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 666 2 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 666 3 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 666 4 economy economy NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 666 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 666 6 3000 3000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 666 7 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 666 8 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 666 9 BCE BCE NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 666 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 667 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 667 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 667 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 667 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 667 5 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 667 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 667 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 667 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 668 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 668 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 668 3 9781107113367 9781107113367 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 668 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 669 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 669 2 Constantakopoulou Constantakopoulou NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 669 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 669 4 Christy Christy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 669 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 669 6 2017 2017 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 669 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 669 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 670 1 Aegean Aegean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 670 2 Interactions Interactions NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 670 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 670 4 Delos Delos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 670 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 670 6 Its -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 670 7 Networks Networks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 670 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 670 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 670 10 Third Third NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 670 11 Century Century NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 670 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 671 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 671 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 671 3 England England NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 671 4 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 671 5 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 671 6 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 671 7 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 671 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 672 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 672 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 672 3 48 48 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 672 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 673 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 673 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 673 3 9780198787273 9780198787273 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 673 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 674 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 674 2 Sidebotham Sidebotham NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 674 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 674 4 Steven Steven NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 674 5 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 674 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 674 7 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 674 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 674 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 675 1 Berenike berenike UH en-wikipedia-org-3243 675 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 675 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 675 4 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 675 5 Maritime Maritime NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 675 6 Spice Spice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 675 7 Route Route NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 675 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 676 1 Berkeley Berkeley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 676 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 676 3 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 676 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 676 5 United United NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 676 6 States States NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 676 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 677 1 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 677 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 677 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 677 4 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 677 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 677 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 678 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 678 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 678 3 52 52 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 678 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 679 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 679 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 679 3 9780520303386 9780520303386 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 679 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 680 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 680 2 Kruse Kruse NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 680 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 680 4 Thomas Thomas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 680 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 680 6 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 680 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 680 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 681 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 681 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 681 3 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 681 4 Police Police NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 681 5 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 681 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 681 7 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 681 8 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 681 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 681 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 681 11 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 681 12 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 681 13 K. K. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 681 14 Buraselis Buraselis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 681 15 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3243 681 16 M. M. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 681 17 Stefanou Stefanou NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 681 18 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3243 681 19 D.J. D.J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 682 1 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 682 2 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 682 3 Hg hg PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 682 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 683 1 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 683 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 683 3 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 683 4 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 683 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 683 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 683 7 Sea Sea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 683 8 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 683 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 683 10 Nile Nile NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 683 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 684 1 Studies study NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 684 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 684 3 Waterborne Waterborne NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 684 4 Power Power NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 684 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 684 6 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 684 7 2013 2013 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 684 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 684 9 172 172 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 684 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 684 11 184 184 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 684 12 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 684 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 685 1 academia.edu academia.edu ADD en-wikipedia-org-3243 685 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 686 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 686 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 686 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 686 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 687 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 687 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 688 1 172–185 172–185 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 688 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 689 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 689 2 19 19 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 689 3 October October NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 689 4 2019 2019 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 689 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 690 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 690 2 Phillips Phillips NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 690 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 690 4 Heather Heather NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 690 5 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 690 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 690 7 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 690 8 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 690 9 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 690 10 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 690 11 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 690 12 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 690 13 ? ? . en-wikipedia-org-3243 690 14 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 690 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 1 Library Library NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 2 Philosophy Philosophy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 3 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 4 Practice Practice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 6 August August NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 7 2010 2010 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 8 Archived Archived NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 9 2012 2012 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 11 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 12 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 13 26 26 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 14 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 15 WebCite WebCite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 16 ^ ^ SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 17 Clarysse Clarysse NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 18 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 19 Willy Willy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 21 Thompson Thompson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 23 Dorothy Dorothy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 691 24 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 692 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 692 2 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 692 3 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 692 4 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 692 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 692 6 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 692 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 692 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 693 1 Counting count VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 693 2 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 693 3 People People NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 693 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 693 5 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 693 6 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 693 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 693 8 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 693 9 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 693 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 693 11 Historical Historical NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 693 12 Studies Studies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 693 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 694 1 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 694 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 694 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 694 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 695 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 695 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 695 3 140 140 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 695 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 696 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 696 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 696 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 696 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 696 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 696 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 696 7 521 521 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 696 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 696 9 83839 83839 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 696 10 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 696 11 9 9 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 696 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 697 1 ^ ^ : en-wikipedia-org-3243 697 2 Chauveau Chauveau NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 697 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 697 4 Michel Michel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 697 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 698 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 698 2 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 698 3 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 698 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 699 1 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 699 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 699 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 699 4 age age NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 699 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 699 6 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 699 7   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 699 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 699 9 history history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 699 10 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 699 11 society society NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 699 12 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 699 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 699 14 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 699 15 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 700 1 Cornell Cornell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 700 2 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 700 3 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 700 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 701 1 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 701 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 701 3 34 34 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 701 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 702 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 702 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 702 3 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 702 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 702 5 8014 8014 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 702 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 702 7 3597 3597 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 702 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 702 9 8 8 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 702 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 703 1 OCLC oclc NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 703 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 703 3 42578681 42578681 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 703 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 1 ^ ^ NFP en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 2 Solomon Solomon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 3 Grayzel Grayzel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 4 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 5 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 6 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 7 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 9 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 10 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 11 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 12 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 13 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 14 Solomon Solomon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 15 Grayzel Grayzel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 16 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 17 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 18 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 19 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 20 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 21 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 22 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 23 pp pp NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 704 24 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 705 1 56 56 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 705 2 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 705 3 57 57 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 705 4 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 705 5 Flavius Flavius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 705 6 Josephus Josephus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 705 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 705 8 Antiquities Antiquities NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 705 9 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 705 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 705 11 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 705 12 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 705 13 Book Book NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 705 14 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 705 15 Ch ch NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 705 16 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 1 2 2 LS en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 2 ^ ^ FW en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 3 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 4 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 5 Antiquity antiquity NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 6 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 7 Their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 8 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 9 from from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 10 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 11 Assyrians Assyrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 12 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 13 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 14 Umayyads Umayyads NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 15 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 16 Prof. Prof. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 17 Jan Jan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 18 Retso Retso NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 19 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 20 Page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 21 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 22 301 301 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 23 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 24 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 25 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 26 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 27 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 28 Arabs Arabs NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 29 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 30 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 31 Sudan Sudan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 32 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 33 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 34 inhabitants inhabitant NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 35 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 36 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 37 northern northern JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 38 Sudan Sudan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 39 before before IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 40 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 41 time time NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 42 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 43 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 44 Islamic islamic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 45 invasions invasion NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 706 46 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 707 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 707 2 progress progress NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 707 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 707 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 707 5 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 707 6 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 707 7 through through IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 707 8 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 707 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 2 Arab arab JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 3 tribes tribe NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 5 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 6 Sudan Sudan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 7 at at IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 8 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 9 present present JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 10 day day NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 12 Sir Sir NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 13 Harold Harold NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 14 Alfred Alfred NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 15 MacMichael MacMichael NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 16 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 17 Cambridge Cambridge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 18 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 19 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 21 1922 1922 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 23 Page page NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 24 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 25 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 26 ^ ^ SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 27 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 28 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 29 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 30 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 31 Sir Sir NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 32 John John NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 33 Pentland Pentland NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 34 Mahaffy Mahaffy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 35 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 36 p. p. NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 37 20 20 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 38 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 39 21 21 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 40 ^ ^ NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 41 King King NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 42 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 43 Arienne Arienne NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 44 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 45 2018 2018 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 46 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 47 07 07 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 48 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 49 25 25 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 50 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 708 51 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 709 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 709 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 709 3 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 709 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 709 5 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 709 6 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 709 7 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 709 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 710 1 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 710 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 710 3 Encyclopedia encyclopedia NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 710 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 711 1 Retrieved retrieve VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 711 2 2020 2020 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 711 3 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 711 4 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 711 5 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 711 6 24 24 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 711 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 712 1 ^ ^ NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 712 2 von von NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 712 3 Reden Reden NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 712 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 712 5 Sitta Sitta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 712 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 712 7 2006 2006 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 712 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 712 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 713 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 713 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 713 3 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 713 4 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 713 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 713 6 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 713 7 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 713 8 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 713 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 714 1 Ancient ancient JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 714 2 Economies Economies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 714 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 714 4 Modern Modern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 714 5 Methodologies Methodologies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 714 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 715 1 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 715 2 12 12 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 715 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 715 4 Pragmateiai Pragmateiai NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 715 5 Series Series NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 715 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 716 1 Edipuglia Edipuglia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 716 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 717 1 pp pp NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 717 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 718 1 161–177 161–177 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 718 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 719 1 Sources[edit sources[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3243 719 2 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 719 3 Burstein Burstein NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 719 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 719 5 Stanley Stanley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 719 6 Meyer Meyer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 719 7 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 719 8 December December NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 719 9 1 1 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 719 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 719 11 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 719 12 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 719 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 720 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 720 2 Reign Reign NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 720 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 720 4 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 720 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 721 1 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 721 2 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 721 3 Oklahoma Oklahoma NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 721 4 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 721 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 722 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 722 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 722 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 722 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 722 5 0806138718 0806138718 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 722 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 723 1 Retrieved Retrieved NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 723 2 April April NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 723 3 6 6 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 723 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 723 5 2015 2015 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 723 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 1 Fletcher Fletcher NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 3 Joann Joann NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 4 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 5 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 6 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 8 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 10 Great great JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 11 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 12 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 13 Woman Woman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 14 Behind behind IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 16 Legend Legend NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 17 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 18 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 19 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 20 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 21 Harper Harper NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 23 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 24   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 25 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 27 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 29 06 06 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 31 058558 058558 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 32 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 33 7 7 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 724 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 725 1 Peters Peters NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 725 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 725 3 F. F. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 725 4   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 725 5 E. E. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 725 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 725 7 1970 1970 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 725 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 725 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 726 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 726 2 Harvest Harvest NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 726 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 726 4 Hellenism Hellenism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 726 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 727 1 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 727 2 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 727 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 727 4 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 727 5 & & CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 727 6 Schuster Schuster NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 727 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 728 1 Grabbe Grabbe NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 728 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 728 3 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 728 4 L. L. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 728 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 728 6 2008 2008 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 728 7 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 728 8 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 729 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 729 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 729 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 729 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 729 5 Jews Jews NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 729 6 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 729 7 Judaism Judaism NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 729 8 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 729 9 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 729 10 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 729 11 Temple Temple NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 729 12 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 729 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 1 Volume volume NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 2 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 3 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 4 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 5 Coming Coming NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 6 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 7 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 8 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 9 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 10 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 11 Early Early NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 12 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 13 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 14 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 15 335 335 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 16 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 17 175 175 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 18 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 19 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 730 20 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 731 1 T&T T&T NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 731 2 Clark Clark NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 731 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 732 1 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 732 2   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 732 3 978 978 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 732 4 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 732 5 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 732 6 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 732 7 567 567 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 732 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 732 9 03396 03396 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 732 10 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 732 11 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 732 12 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 733 1 Further further JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 733 2 reading[edit reading[edit LS en-wikipedia-org-3243 733 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 733 4 Bingen Bingen NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 733 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 733 6 Jean Jean NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 733 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 734 1 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 734 2 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 734 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 1 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 3 Edinburgh Edinburgh NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 7 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 8 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 9 hardcover hardcover RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 10 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 11 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 12   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 13 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 14 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 15 7486 7486 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 16 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 17 1578 1578 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 18 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 19 4 4 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 20 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 21 paperback paperback NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 22 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 23 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 24   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 25 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 27 7486 7486 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 28 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 29 1579 1579 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 30 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 31 2 2 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 32 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 735 33 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 736 1 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 736 2 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 736 3 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 736 4 Monarchy Monarchy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 736 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 736 6 Society Society NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 736 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 736 8 Economy Economy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 736 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 736 10 Culture Culture NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 736 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 1 Berkeley Berkeley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 5 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 8 2007 2007 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 9 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 10 hardcover hardcover RB en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 11 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 12 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 13   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 14 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 15 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 16 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 17 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 18 25141 25141 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 20 5 5 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 21 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 22 paperback paperback NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 24 ISBN ISBN NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 25   _SP en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 26 0 0 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 27 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 28 520 520 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 29 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 30 25142 25142 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 31 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 32 3 3 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 33 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 737 34 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 738 1 Bowman Bowman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 738 2 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 738 3 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 738 4 Keir Keir NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 738 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 739 1 1996 1996 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 739 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 740 1 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 740 2 After after IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 740 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 740 4 Pharaohs Pharaohs NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 740 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 740 6 332 332 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 740 7 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 740 8 – – : en-wikipedia-org-3243 740 9 AD ad NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 740 10 642 642 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 740 11 ; ; : en-wikipedia-org-3243 740 12 From from IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 740 13 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 740 14 to to IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 740 15 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 740 16 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 740 17 Conquest Conquest NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 740 18 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 741 1 2nd 2nd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 741 2 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 741 3 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 742 1 Berkeley Berkeley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 742 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 742 3 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 742 4 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 742 5 California California NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 742 6 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 742 7 Chauveau Chauveau NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 742 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 742 9 Michel Michel NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 742 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 743 1 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 743 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 744 1 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 744 2 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 744 3 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 744 4 Age Age NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 744 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 744 6 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 744 7 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 744 8 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 744 9 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 744 10 Society society NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 744 11 under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 744 12 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 744 13 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 744 14 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 745 1 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 745 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 745 3 David David NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 745 4 Lorton Lorton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 745 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 746 1 Ithaca ithaca NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 746 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 746 3 Cornell Cornell NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 746 4 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 746 5 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 746 6 Ellis Ellis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 746 7 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 746 8 Simon Simon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 746 9 P. P. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 746 10 1992 1992 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 746 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 747 1 Graeco Graeco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 747 2 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 747 3 Roman Roman NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 747 4 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 747 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 748 1 Shire Shire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 748 2 Egyptology Egyptology NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 748 3 17 17 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 748 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 748 5 ser ser NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 748 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 749 1 ed ed NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 749 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 750 1 Barbara Barbara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 750 2 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 750 3 Adams Adams NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 750 4 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 751 1 Aylesbury aylesbury NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 751 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 751 3 Shire Shire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 751 4 Publications Publications NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 751 5 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 751 6 ltd ltd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 751 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 751 8 Hölbl Hölbl NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 751 9 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 751 10 Günther Günther NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 751 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 752 1 2001 2001 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 752 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 753 1 A a DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 753 2 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 753 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 753 4 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 753 5 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 753 6 Empire Empire NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 753 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 754 1 Translated translate VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 754 2 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 754 3 Tina Tina NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 754 4 Saavedra Saavedra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 754 5 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 755 1 London London NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 755 2 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 755 3 Routledge Routledge NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 755 4 Ltd. Ltd. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 755 5 Lloyd Lloyd NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 755 6 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 755 7 Alan Alan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 755 8 Brian Brian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 755 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 756 1 2000 2000 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 756 2 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 757 1 " " `` en-wikipedia-org-3243 757 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 757 3 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 757 4 Period Period NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 757 5 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 757 6 332–30 332–30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 757 7 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 757 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 757 9 " " '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 757 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 758 1 In in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 758 2 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 758 3 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 758 4 History history NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 758 5 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 758 6 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 758 7 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 758 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 758 9 edited edit VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 758 10 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 758 11 Ian Ian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 758 12 Shaw Shaw NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 758 13 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 759 1 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 759 2 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 759 3 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 759 4 York York NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 759 5 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 759 6 Oxford Oxford NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 759 7 University University NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 759 8 Press Press NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 759 9 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 760 1 395–421 395–421 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 760 2 Susan Susan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 760 3 Stephens Stephens NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 760 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 760 5 Seeing see VBG en-wikipedia-org-3243 760 6 Double double JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 760 7 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 761 1 Intercultural Intercultural NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 761 2 Poetics Poetics NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 761 3 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 761 4 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 761 5 Alexandria Alexandria NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 761 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 761 7 Berkeley Berkeley NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 761 8 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 761 9 2002 2002 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 761 10 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 761 11 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 762 1 A. A. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 762 2 Lampela Lampela NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 762 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 762 4 Rome Rome NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 762 5 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 762 6 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 762 7 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 762 8 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 762 9 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 762 10 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 763 1 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 763 2 development development NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 763 3 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 763 4 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 763 5 political political JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 763 6 relations relation NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 763 7 273 273 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 763 8 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 763 9 80 80 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 763 10 B.C. B.C. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 764 1 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 764 2 Helsinki Helsinki NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 764 3 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 764 4 1998 1998 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 764 5 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 764 6 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 1 J. J. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 2 G. G. NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 3 Manning Manning NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 4 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 5 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 6 Last last JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 7 Pharaohs pharaohs NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 8 : : : en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 9 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 10 Under under IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 11 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 12 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 13 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 14 305 305 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 15 - - SYM en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 16 30 30 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 17 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 18 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 19 Princeton Princeton NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 20 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 21 2009 2009 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 22 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 765 23 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 1 External external JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 2 links[edit links[edit , en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 3 ] ] -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 4 Library library JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 5 resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 6 about about IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 7 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 8 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 9 Online Online NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 10 books book NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 11 Resources resource NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 12 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 13 your -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 14 library library NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 15 Resources Resources NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 16 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 17 other other JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 18 libraries library NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 19 Map Map NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 20 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 21 Ptolemaic Ptolemaic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 22 Egypt Egypt NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 23 , , , en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 24 circa circa NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 25 270 270 CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 26 BC BC NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 27 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 28 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 29 e e NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 30 The the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 31 division division NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 32 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 33 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 34 's 's POS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 35 empire empire NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 36 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 37 t t NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 38 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 39 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 40 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 41 Argeads Argeads NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 42 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 43 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 44 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 45 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 46 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 47 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 48 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 49 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 50 Arrhidaeus Arrhidaeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 51 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 52 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 53 Antigonids Antigonids NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 54 Antigonus Antigonus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 55 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 56 Monophthalmus Monophthalmus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 57 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 58 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 59 Poliorcetes Poliorcetes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 60 Antigonus Antigonus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 61 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 62 Gonatas Gonatas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 63 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 64 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 65 Aetolicus Aetolicus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 66 Antigonus Antigonus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 67 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 68 Doson Doson NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 69 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 70 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 71 Perseus Perseus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 72 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 73 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 74 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 75 pretender pretender NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 76 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 77 Ptolemies Ptolemies NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 78 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 79 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 80 Soter Soter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 81 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 82 Keraunos Keraunos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 83 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 84 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 85 Philadelphus Philadelphus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 86 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 87 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 88 Euergetes Euergetes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 89 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 90 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 91 Philopator Philopator NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 92 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 93 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 94 Epiphanes Epiphanes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 95 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 96 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 97 Syra Syra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 98 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 99 regent regent NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 100 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 101 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 102 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 103 Philometor Philometor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 104 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 105 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 106 Neos Neos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 107 Philopator Philopator NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 108 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 109 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 110 Philometor Philometor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 111 Soter Soter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 112 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 113 VIII viii NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 114 Physcon physcon NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 115 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 116 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 117 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 118 IX IX NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 119 Lathyros Lathyros NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 120 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 121 X X NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 122 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 123 Berenice Berenice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 124 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 125 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 126 XI XI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 127 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 128 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 129 XII XII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 130 Auletes Auletes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 131 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 132 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 133 Tryphaena Tryphaena NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 134 Berenice Berenice NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 135 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 136 Epiphanea Epiphanea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 137 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 138 XIII XIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 139 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 140 XIV XIV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 141 Cleopatra Cleopatra NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 142 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 143 Philopator Philopator NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 144 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 145 XV XV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 146 Caesarion Caesarion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 147 Kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 148 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 149 Cyrene Cyrene NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 150 Magas Magas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 151 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 152 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 153 Fair Fair NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 154 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 155 VIII viii NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 156 Physcon Physcon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 157 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 158 Apion Apion NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 159 Seleucids Seleucids NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 160 Seleucus Seleucus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 161 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 162 Nicator Nicator NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 163 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 164 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 165 Soter Soter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 166 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 167 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 168 Theos Theos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 169 Seleucus Seleucus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 170 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 171 Callinicus Callinicus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 172 Seleucus Seleucus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 173 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 174 Ceraunus Ceraunus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 175 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 176 III iii CD en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 177 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 178 Great Great NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 179 Seleucus Seleucus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 180 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 181 Philopator Philopator NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 182 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 183 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 184 Epiphanes Epiphanes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 185 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 186 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 187 Eupator Eupator NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 188 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 189 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 190 Soter Soter NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 191 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 192 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 193 Balas Balas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 194 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 195 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 196 Nicator Nicator NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 197 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 198 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 199 Dionysus Dionysus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 200 Diodotus Diodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 201 Tryphon Tryphon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 202 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 203 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 204 Sidetes Sidetes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 205 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 206 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 207 Zabinas Zabinas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 208 Seleucus Seleucus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 209 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 210 Philometor Philometor NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 211 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 212 VIII viii VB en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 213 Grypus Grypus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 214 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 215 IX IX NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 216 Cyzicenus Cyzicenus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 217 Seleucus Seleucus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 218 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 219 Epiphanes Epiphanes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 220 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 221 X X NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 222 Eusebes eusebe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 223 Antiochus antiochus NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 224 XI xi NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 225 Epiphanes Epiphanes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 226 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 227 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 228 Eucaerus Eucaerus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 229 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 230 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 231 Philadelphus Philadelphus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 232 Antiochus Antiochus NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 233 XII XII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 234 Dionysus Dionysus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 235 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 236 XIII XIII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 237 Asiaticus Asiaticus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 238 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 239 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 240 Philoromaeus Philoromaeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 241 Lysimachids Lysimachids NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 242 Lysimachus Lysimachus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 243 Ptolemy Ptolemy NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 244 Epigonos Epigonos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 245 Antipatrids Antipatrids NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 246 Cassander Cassander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 247 Philip Philip NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 248 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 249 Alexander Alexander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 250 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 251 Antipater Antipater NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 252 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 253 Antipater Antipater NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 254 Etesias Etesias NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 255 Sosthenes Sosthenes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 256 Attalids Attalids NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 257 Philetaerus Philetaerus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 258 Eumenes eumene NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 259 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 260 Attalus attalus VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 261 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 262 Eumenes Eumenes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 263 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 264 Attalus Attalus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 265 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 266 Attalus Attalus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 267 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 268 Eumenes Eumenes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 269 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 270 Greco Greco NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 271 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 272 Bactrians Bactrians NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 273 Diodotus Diodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 274 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 275 Diodotus Diodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 276 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 277 Euthydemus Euthydemus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 278 I i NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 279 Demetrius demetriu VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 280 I i NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 281 Euthydemus Euthydemus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 282 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 283 Antimachus Antimachus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 284 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 285 Pantaleon Pantaleon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 286 Agathocles Agathocles NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 287 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 288 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 289 Eucratides Eucratides NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 290 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 291 Plato Plato NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 292 Eucratides Eucratides NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 293 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 294 Heliocles Heliocles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 295 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 296 Indo indo NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 297 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 298 Greeks Greeks NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 299 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 300 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 301 Antimachus Antimachus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 302 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 303 Pantaleon Pantaleon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 304 Agathocles Agathocles NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 305 Apollodotus Apollodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 306 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 307 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 308 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 309 Antimachus Antimachus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 310 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 311 Menander Menander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 312 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 313 Zoilos zoilos VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 314 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 315 Agathokleia Agathokleia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 316 Lysias Lysias NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 317 Strato Strato NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 318 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 319 Antialcidas Antialcidas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 320 Heliokles Heliokles NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 321 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 322 Polyxenos Polyxenos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 323 Demetrius Demetrius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 324 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 325 Philoxenus Philoxenus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 326 Diomedes Diomedes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 327 Amyntas Amyntas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 328 Epander Epander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 329 Theophilos Theophilos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 330 Peukolaos Peukolaos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 331 Thraso Thraso NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 332 Nicias Nicias NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 333 Menander Menander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 334 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 335 Artemidoros Artemidoros NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 336 Hermaeus Hermaeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 337 Archebius Archebius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 338 Telephos Telephos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 339 Apollodotus Apollodotus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 340 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 341 Hippostratos Hippostratos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 342 Dionysios Dionysios NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 343 Zoilos Zoilos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 344 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 345 Apollophanes Apollophanes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 346 Strato Strato NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 347 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 348 Strato Strato NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 349 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 350 Kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 351 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 352 Bithynia Bithynia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 353 Boteiras Boteiras NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 354 Bas Bas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 355 Zipoetes Zipoetes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 356 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 357 Nicomedes Nicomedes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 358 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 359 Zipoetes zipoete VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 360 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 361 Etazeta Etazeta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 362 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 363 regent regent NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 364 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 365 Ziaelas Ziaelas NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 366 Prusias Prusias NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 367 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 368 Prusias Prusias NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 369 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 370 Nicomedes Nicomedes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 371 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 372 Nicomedes Nicomedes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 373 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 374 Nicomedes Nicomedes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 375 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 376 Socrates Socrates NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 377 Chrestus Chrestus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 378 Kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 379 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 380 Pontus Pontus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 381 Mithridates Mithridates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 382 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 383 Ctistes Ctistes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 384 Ariobarzanes Ariobarzanes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 385 Mithridates Mithridates NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 386 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 387 Mithridates Mithridates NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 388 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 389 Pharnaces pharnace NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 390 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 391 Mithridates mithridate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 392 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 393 Philopator Philopator NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 394 Philadephos Philadephos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 395 Mithridates Mithridates NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 396 V v NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 397 Euergetes euergete NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 398 Mithridates mithridate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 399 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 400 Eupator Eupator NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 401 Pharnaces Pharnaces NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 402 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 403 Darius Darius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 404 Arsaces arsace VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 405 Polemon Polemon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 406 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 407 Pythodorida pythodorida VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 408 Polemon Polemon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 409 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 410 Kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 411 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 412 Commagene Commagene NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 413 Ptolemaeus Ptolemaeus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 414 Sames Sames NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 415 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 416 Mithridates Mithridates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 417 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 418 Antiochus antiochus NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 419 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 420 Mithridates mithridate VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 421 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 422 Antiochus antiochus NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 423 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 424 Mithridates Mithridates NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 425 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 426 Antiochus antiochus NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 427 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 428 Antiochus Antiochus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 429 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 430 Kings Kings NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 431 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 432 Cappadocia Cappadocia NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 433 Ariarathes Ariarathes NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 434 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 435 Ariarathes ariarathe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 436 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 437 Ariamnes Ariamnes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 438 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 439 Ariarathes Ariarathes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 440 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 441 Ariarathes Ariarathes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 442 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 443 Ariarathes Ariarathes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 444 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 445 Orophernes oropherne NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 446 Ariarathes ariarathe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 447 VI VI NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 448 Ariarathes Ariarathes NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 449 VII VII NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 450 Ariarathes ariarathe NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 451 VIII viii NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 452 Ariarathes ariarathe VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 453 IX ix NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 454 Ariobarzanes ariobarzane NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 455 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 456 Ariobarzanes ariobarzanes VBP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 457 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 458 Ariobarzanes ariobarzane NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 459 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 460 Ariarathes ariarathe NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 461 X X NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 462 Archelaus archelaus JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 463 Kings king NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 464 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 465 the the DT en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 466 Cimmerian Cimmerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 467 Bosporus Bosporus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 468 Paerisades Paerisades NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 469 I I NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 470 Satyros Satyros NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 471 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 472 Prytanis Prytanis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 473 Eumelos Eumelos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 474 Spartokos Spartokos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 475 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 476 Hygiainon Hygiainon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 477 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 478 regent regent NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 479 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 480 Paerisades Paerisades NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 481 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 482 Spartokos Spartokos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 483 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 484 Leukon Leukon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 485 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 486 Spartokos Spartokos NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 487 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 488 Paerisades Paerisades NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 489 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 490 Paerisades Paerisades NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 491 IV IV NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 492 Paerisades Paerisades NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 493 V V NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 494 Mithridates mithridate NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 495 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 496 Pharnaces pharnace VBZ en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 497 Asander asander JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 498 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 499 Dynamis Dynamis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 500 Mithridates Mithridates NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 501 II II NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 502 Asander Asander NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 503 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 504 Dynamis Dynamis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 505 Scribonius Scribonius NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 506 ’ ' '' en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 507 attempted attempt VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 508 rule rule NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 509 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 510 Dynamis Dynamis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 511 Dynamis Dynamis NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 512 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 513 Polemon Polemon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 514 Polemon Polemon NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 515 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 516 Pythodorida Pythodorida NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 517 Aspurgus Aspurgus NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 518 Mithridates Mithridates NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 519 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 520 with with IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 521 Gepaepyris Gepaepyris NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 522 Mithridates Mithridates NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 523 III III NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 524 Cotys coty NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 525 I -PRON- PRP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 526 Hellenistic hellenistic JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 527 rulers ruler NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 528 were be VBD en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 529 preceded precede VBN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 530 by by IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 531 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 532 satraps satrap NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 533 in in IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 534 most most JJS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 535 of of IN en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 536 their -PRON- PRP$ en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 537 territories territory NNS en-wikipedia-org-3243 766 538 . . . en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 1 v v NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 2 t t NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 3 e e NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 4 Empires Empires NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 5 Ancient Ancient NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 6 ( ( -LRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 7 Colonies Colonies NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 8 ) ) -RRB- en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 9 Akkadian Akkadian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 10 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 11 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 12 Sumerian Sumerian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 13 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 14 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 15 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 16 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 17 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 18 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 19 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 20 Assyrian Assyrian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 21 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 22 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 23 Babylonian Babylonian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 24 Kassite Kassite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 25 Neo Neo NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 26 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 27 Babylonian babylonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 28 Egyptian egyptian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 29 Old Old NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 30 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 31 Middle Middle NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 32 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 33 New New NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 34 Kingdom Kingdom NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 35 Phoenician Phoenician NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 36 Carthaginian carthaginian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 37 Chinese Chinese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 38 Shang Shang NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 39 Qin Qin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 40 Han Han NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 41 Three Three NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 42 Kingdoms Kingdoms NNPS en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 43 Jin Jin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 44 North North NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 45 and and CC en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 46 South South NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 47 Hellenistic Hellenistic NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 48 Macedonian macedonian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 49 Seleucid Seleucid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 50 Hittite Hittite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 51 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 52 Nanda Nanda NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 53 Maurya Maurya NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 54 Satavahana Satavahana NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 55 Shunga Shunga NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 56 Gupta Gupta NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 57 Harsha Harsha NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 58 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 59 Median Median NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 60 Achaemenid Achaemenid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 61 Parthian Parthian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 62 Sasanian Sasanian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 63 Kushan Kushan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 64 Mongol Mongol NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 65 Xianbei Xianbei NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 66 Roman roman JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 67 Western western JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 68 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 69 Teotihuacan Teotihuacan NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 70 Post post JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 71 - - JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 72 classical classical JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 73 Aksum Aksum NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 74 Arab Arab NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 75 Rashidun Rashidun NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 76 Umayyad Umayyad NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 77 Abbasid Abbasid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 78 Fatimid Fatimid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 79 Aragonese Aragonese NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 80 Angevin Angevin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 81 Ayyubid Ayyubid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 82 Aztec Aztec NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 83 Benin Benin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 84 Bornu Bornu NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 85 Bruneian Bruneian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 86 Bulgarian bulgarian JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 87 First first JJ en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 88 Second Second NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 89 Byzantine Byzantine NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 90 Nicaea Nicaea NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 91 Thessalonica Thessalonica NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 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Hephthalite Hephthalite NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 114 Inca Inca NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 115 Indian Indian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 116 Chola Chola NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 117 Gurjara Gurjara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 118 - - HYPH en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 119 Pratihara Pratihara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 120 Pala Pala NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 121 Eastern Eastern NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 122 Ganga Ganga NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 123 dynasty dynasty NN en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 124 Delhi Delhi NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 125 Vijayanagara Vijayanagara NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 126 Iranian Iranian NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 127 Samanid Samanid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 128 Saffarid Saffarid NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 129 Kanem Kanem NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 130 Khmer Khmer NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 131 Latin Latin NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 132 Majapahit Majapahit NNP en-wikipedia-org-3243 767 133 Malaccan Malaccan NNP 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