Slides


Monica Berti 
(Universität Leipzig)

Scienze dell’Antichità e Digital Humanities: 
buone pratiche, frontiere teoriche e prospettive di ricerca 

Università degli Studi di Roma Tre 
Piattaforma Teams – 10 marzo 2021

Gli studi classici e i 
Linked Ancient World Data



/37

Outline

1. Open Data of  Ancient Greek and Latin Sources 
2. Catalogs and Citation Systems 
3. Data Entry and Analysis for Classical Philology 
4. Critical Editions and Annotations 
5. Linguistic Resources

1



/37

Open Data of  Ancient Greek and Latin Sources
1

2



/37

and other projects …

Open Access?

3

https://scaife.perseus.org/
https://github.com/OpenGreekAndLatin
http://stephanus.tlg.uci.edu/index.php
https://digitallatin.org/
https://packhum.org/texts.html
http://papyri.info/
http://mizar.unive.it/mqdq/public/
https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/btl/html
http://www.hup.harvard.edu/features/loeb/digital.html
https://www.oxfordscholarlyeditions.com/
https://www.brillonline.com/
http://www.litpap.info/
https://sourceforge.net/p/epidoc/wiki/Home/
http://www.digiliblt.unipmn.it/
https://about.brepolis.net/databases/


/37

• a wide variety of  digital collections and corpora 
• different models of  accessibility 
• different business models

4

Open Access?



/37

https://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/data 
https://www.w3.org/wiki/LinkedData 

The Linked Open Data Cloud

Linked Open Data
Open Data?

5

https://www.w3.org/standards/semanticweb/data
https://www.w3.org/wiki/LinkedData
https://lod-cloud.net/


/37

Linked Ancient World Data

Hugh A. Cayless

Digital Classical Philology 
Sustaining Linked Ancient World Data 

De Gruyter Saur | 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110599572-004

http://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/isaw-papers/7/ 

http://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/isaw-papers/20/

6

Open Data?

https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110599572/html
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110599572-004
https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110599572-004/html
https://pleiades.stoa.org/
http://www.papyri.info/
https://www.trismegistos.org/
https://opencontext.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/isaw-papers/7/
http://dlib.nyu.edu/awdl/isaw/isaw-papers/20/


/37

{{cite web |url=https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/727070 |title=Places: 727070 
(Alexandria) |author=Bernand, A. |accessdate=November 6, 2019 7:36 am |
publisher=Pleiades}}

7

https://pleiades.stoa.org/
https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/727070


/37

• https://www.trismegistos.org/text/10775 

• http://papyri.info/hgv/10775/source  

• http://papyri.info/apis/columbia.apis.p387/source  

• http://papyri.info/apis/columbia.apis.p387/images 

http://papyri.info/ddbdp/p.fay;;110 

8

http://www.papyri.info/
https://www.trismegistos.org/text/10775
http://papyri.info/hgv/10775/source
http://papyri.info/apis/columbia.apis.p387/source
http://papyri.info/apis/columbia.apis.p387/images
http://papyri.info/ddbdp/p.fay;;110


/379

https://www.trismegistos.org/
https://www.trismegistos.org/text/10775


/37

https://opencontext.org/projects/3DE4CD9C-259E-4C14-9B03-8B10454BA66E 

https://opencontext.org/subjects/0801DF9C-F9B2-4C76-0F34-93BE7123F373#tab_obs-1 

https://opencontext.org/media/48c1bdeb-ffb9-4fd3-84d2-20ba189a1f4a 

Projects

Data record

Media

10

https://opencontext.org/
https://opencontext.org/projects/3DE4CD9C-259E-4C14-9B03-8B10454BA66E
https://opencontext.org/subjects/0801DF9C-F9B2-4C76-0F34-93BE7123F373#tab_obs-1
https://opencontext.org/media/48c1bdeb-ffb9-4fd3-84d2-20ba189a1f4a


/37

http://nomisma.org/id/ephesus 

11

http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/
http://nomisma.org/id/ephesus


/37

Digital Libraries

generations of  digital corpora in Classics

• make texts available online 
• professional data entry and consistent markup scheme 
• semantic mark up in SGML/XML (TEI) 
• image-front collections with page images 
• decentralized contributions from users (million book libraries) 
• multiple editions of  primary sources 
• annotations 
• …

https://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub150/ 

12

https://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub150/
https://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub150/


/37

Catalogs and Citation Systems
2

13



/37

Tauromenium, Lapidarium 
Fragments of  a painted library catalog 

(3rd-2nd century BC) 
http://sicily.classics.ox.ac.uk/inscription/ISic0613 

• canons 
• catalogs 
• citation systems

philology

14

http://sicily.classics.ox.ac.uk/inscription/ISic0613


/37

TLG Canon of  Greek Authors and Works

http://stephanus.tlg.uci.edu/canon.php 

{tlg0032}

*

*

15

http://stephanus.tlg.uci.edu/Iris/indiv/csearch.jsp#doc=tlg&aid=0032&wid=&q=XENOPHON&dt=list&cs_sort=1_sortname_asc&st=author_text&aw=&verndipl=0&per=100&c=2&acp=1&editid=
http://stephanus.tlg.uci.edu/Iris/indiv/csearch.jsp#doc=tlg&aid=0032&wid=&q=XENOPHON&dt=list&cs_sort=1_sortname_asc&st=author_text&aw=&verndipl=0&per=100&c=2&acp=1&editid=
http://stephanus.tlg.uci.edu/canon.php


/37

TLG Canon of  Greek Authors and Works

{tlg0032.001.1.1.1}

https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.3115/992567.992595 

*

morpheus

*

16

http://stephanus.tlg.uci.edu/Iris/indiv/browser.jsp#doc=tlg&aid=0032&wid=001&st=0&l=20
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.3115/992567.992595


/37

TLG Canon of  Greek Authors and Works

17

http://stephanus.tlg.uci.edu/Iris/indiv/csearch.jsp#doc=tlg&aid=0085&wid=&q=AESCHYLUS&dt=list&cs_sort=1_sortname_asc&st=author_text&aw=&verndipl=0&per=100&c=3&acp=1&editid=


/37

*

TLG Canon of  Greek Authors and Works

18

http://stephanus.tlg.uci.edu/Iris/indiv/browsers.jsp#doc=tlg&aid_s=85&wid_s=&ac_q_s=&n_source_s=12&l=20&aid_t=&wid_t=8&n_source_t=2&similar=dif&c=1&td=greek&type=com_edit&links=tlg


/37

Perseus Catalog

urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg001

http://catalog.perseus.org

*

*

*

19

http://catalog.perseus.org/catalog/urn:cite:perseus:author.1499
http://catalog.perseus.org/catalog/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg001
http://catalog.perseus.org


/37

https://github.com/PerseusDL/catalog_data/blob/master/mods/greekLit/tlg0032/tlg001/opp-grc2/tlg0032.tlg001.opp-grc2.mods1.xml 

20

https://github.com/PerseusDL/catalog_data/blob/master/mods/greekLit/tlg0032/tlg001/opp-grc2/tlg0032.tlg001.opp-grc2.mods1.xml


/37

*

* urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.1.1@Ἀγησανδρίδου[1]
https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.1.1-1.1.5/ 

21

https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.1.1-1.1.5/
https://scaife.perseus.org/reader/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0032.tlg001.perseus-grc2:1.1.1-1.1.5/


/37

Data Entry and Analysis for Classical Philology
3

22



/37

http://heml.mta.ca/lace/index.html 

Optical Character Recognition (OCR)

23

http://heml.mta.ca/lace/index.html


/37

Beta Code Unicode
Character Encoding

24

https://unicode.org/charts/


/37

Character Encoding

Marmor Parium A 3

Χ = 1000 
Η = 100 
𐅃 = 5 
Δ = 10 
Ι = 1

1268 
= 

(1531/30 BC)

https://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/77668 

http://digitalmarmorparium.org 

http://www.dfhg-project.org/DFHG/index.php?volume=Volumen primum#urn:lofts:fhg.1.marmor_parium.i:3 

25

https://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/77668
http://digitalmarmorparium.org
http://www.dfhg-project.org/DFHG/index.php?volume=Volumen%20primum#urn:lofts:fhg.1.marmor_parium.i:3


/37

http://cltk.org/ 

26

http://docs.cltk.org/en/latest/
http://docs.cltk.org/en/latest/
http://cltk.org/
http://cltk.org/
https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110599572-010/html


/37

Text Alignment
http://www.digitalathenaeus.org

27

http://www.digitalathenaeus.org/tools/KaibelText/indexTOtext.php?passage=1.5&T=2
http://www.digitalathenaeus.org


/37

Text Reuse Detection

http://www.dfhg-project.org 

28

http://www.dfhg-project.org/text_reuse_detection/xml_catalog_alignment.php?what%5B%5D=author%7CHELLANICUS&onoffswitch=+OR+&url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PerseusDL/canonical-greekLit/master/./data/tlg1389/tlg001/tlg1389.tlg001.perseus-grc2.xml
http://www.dfhg-project.org


/37

Critical Editions and Annotations
4

29



/37

http://www.homermultitext.org/ict2/?urn=urn:cite2:hmt:vaimg.2017a:VA012RN_0013

Marcianus Graecus Z. 454 (= 822) 
(Venetus A) 
10th century

30

http://www.homermultitext.org/ict2/?urn=urn:cite2:hmt:vaimg.2017a:VA012RN_0013


/37

a collaborative environment 
and interface

31

Marcianus Graecus Z. 454 (= 822) 
(Venetus A) 
10th century



/37

https://inception-project.github.io/use-cases/digital-athenaeus/ 

Semantic Annotations

32

https://inception-project.github.io/use-cases/digital-athenaeus/


/37

Linguistic Resources
5

33



/37

Morpho-syntactic Annotation

https://perseusdl.github.io/treebank_data/ 
https://github.com/PerseusDL/treebank_data/blob/master/AGDT2/guidelines/Greek_guidelines.md 

34

https://www.perseids.org/tools/arethusa/app/#/
https://perseusdl.github.io/treebank_data/
https://github.com/PerseusDL/treebank_data/blob/master/AGDT2/guidelines/Greek_guidelines.md


/37

https://lila-erc.eu 

Knowledge Bases

35

https://lila-erc.eu


/37

https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110599572 

36

https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110599572


Thank You
Monica Berti

monica.berti@uni-leipzig.de