id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt en-wikipedia-org-1725 Great Vowel Shift - Wikipedia .html text/html 4131 748 74 This article is missing information about a recorded passage of text read in Middle English before the Great Vowel Shift. Long vowels in Middle English had "continental" values, much like those in Italian and Standard German; in standard Modern English, they have entirely different pronunciations.[8] The differing pronunciations of English vowel letters do not stem from the Great Shift as such but because English spelling did not adapt to the changes. This timeline shows the main vowel changes that occurred between late Middle English in the year 1400 and Received Pronunciation in the mid-20th century by using representative words. In Northern Middle English, the back close-mid vowel /oː/ in boot had already shifted to front /øː/ (a sound change known as fronting), like the long ö in German hören [ˈhøːʁən] (listen) "hear". ./cache/en-wikipedia-org-1725.html ./txt/en-wikipedia-org-1725.txt