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For information on how to proceed, first see the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful. Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked You can view and copy the source of this page: ====Precursors of Romanticism==== The Romantic movement in English literature of the early 19th century has its roots in 18th-century poetry, the [[Gothic novel]] and the novel of sensibility.J.A. Cuddon, ''A Dictionary of Literary Rerms'', p. 588; "Pre-Romanticism." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 5 October 2012. [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/474262/Pre-Romanticis]. This includes the [[graveyard poets]], from the 1740s and later, whose works are characterised by gloomy meditations on mortality. To this was added, by later practitioners, a feeling for the [[Sublime (philosophy)|'sublime']] and uncanny, and an interest in ancient English poetic forms and folk poetry.William Harmon and C. Hugh Holman, ''A Handbook to Literature''. (Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1986), pp. 452–53, 502. The poets include [[Thomas Gray]] (1716–1771), ''[[Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard]]'' (1751) in''The Oxford Companion to English Literature'' (1996), p. 418. and [[Edward Young]] (1683–1765), ''The Complaint, or [[Night Thoughts]] on Life, Death and Immortality'' (1742–45).''The Oxford Companion to English Literature'', p. 1106. Other precursors are [[James Thomson (poet)|James Thomson]] (1700–1748) and [[James Macpherson]] (1736–1796). James Macpherson was the first Scottish poet to gain an international reputation, with his claim to have found poetry written by the ancient bard [[Ossian]].J. Buchan, ''Crowded with Genius'' (London: Harper Collins, 2003), {{ISBN|0-06-055888-1}}, p. 163. The [[sentimental novel]] or "[[novel of sensibility]]" is a genre which developed during the second half of the 18th century. It celebrates the emotional and intellectual concepts of sentiment, [[Sentimentalism (literature)|sentimentalism]], and [[sensibility]]. Sentimentalism, which is to be distinguished from sensibility, was a fashion in both poetry and prose fiction which began in the 18th century in reaction to the rationalism of the [[Augustan literature|Augustan Age]].Richard Maxwell and Katie Trumpener, eds., ''The Cambridge Companion to Fiction in the Romantic Period'' (2008). Among the most famous sentimental novels in English are [[Samuel Richardson]]'s ''[[Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded]]'' (1740), [[Oliver Goldsmith]]'s ''[[Vicar of Wakefield]]'' (1766), [[Laurence Sterne]]'s ''[[Tristram Shandy]]'' (1759–67), and [[Henry Mackenzie]]'s ''[[The Man of Feeling]]'' (1771).J.A. Cuddon, ''A Dictionary of Literary Terms'' (1999), p. 809. Significant foreign influences were the Germans [[Goethe]], [[Schiller]] and [[August Wilhelm Schlegel]] and French philosopher and writer [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] (1712–1778).J.A. Cuddon, pp. 588–89. [[Edmund Burke]]'s ''[[A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful]]'' (1757) is another important influence.''The Oxford Companion to English Literature'', pp. 957–58. The changing landscape, brought about by the [[Industrial revolution|industrial]] and [[British agricultural revolution|agricultural]] revolutions, was another influence on the growth of the Romantic movement in Britain. In the late 18th century, [[Horace Walpole]]'s 1764 novel ''[[The Castle of Otranto]]'' created the [[Gothic fiction]] genre, that combines elements of [[Horror fiction|horror]] and [[Romance (heroic literature)|romance]].[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-30313775 "The Castle of Otranto: The creepy tale that launched gothic fiction"]. BBC. Retrieved 14 October 2017 [[Ann Radcliffe]] introduced the brooding figure of the gothic [[villain]] which developed into the [[Byronic hero]]. Her ''[[The Mysteries of Udolpho]]'' (1795) is frequently cited as the archetypal Gothic novel.''Oxford Book of Gothic Tales''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001 Return to English literature. 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