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For information on how to proceed, first see the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful. Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked You can view and copy the source of this page: ====Literature from the Commonwealth of Nations==== See also: [[Postcolonial literature|Postcolonial]], [[Australian literature|Australian]], [[Canadian literature|Canadian]], [[Caribbean literature|Caribbean]], [[Indian English literature|Indian]], [[New Zealand literature|New Zealand]], [[Pakistani English literature|Pakistani]], [[African literature|African]].And see former [[British colonies]], [[Nigeria]], [[Kenya]], [[South African literature]], etc and [[Migrant literature]]. [[File:Doris lessing 20060312.jpg|thumb|upright|220px|[[Doris Lessing]], Cologne, 2006.]] From 1950 on a significant number of major writers came from countries that had over the centuries been settled by the British, other than America which had been producing significant writers from at least the [[Victorian period]]. There had of course been a few important works in English prior to 1950 from the then [[British Empire]]. The [[South African literature|South African writer]] [[Olive Schreiner]]'s famous novel ''[[The Story of an African Farm]]'' was published in 1883 and [[New Zealand literature|New Zealander]] [[Katherine Mansfield]] published her first collection of short stories, ''In a German Pension'', in 1911. The first major novelist, writing in English, from the [[Indian English literature|Indian sub-continent]], [[R. K. Narayan]], began publishing in England in the 1930s, thanks to the encouragement of English novelist [[Graham Greene]].{{Sfn | Drabble | 1996 | p = 697}} [[Caribbean literature|Caribbean writer]] [[Jean Rhys]]'s writing career began as early as 1928, though her most famous work, ''[[Wide Sargasso Sea]]'', was not published until 1966. South Africa's [[Alan Paton]]'s famous ''[[Cry, the Beloved Country]]'' dates from 1948. [[Doris Lessing]] from [[Southern Rhodesia]], now [[Zimbabwe]], was a dominant presence in the English literary scene, frequently publishing from 1950 on throughout the 20th century, and she won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2007. [[File:Hayfestival-2016-Salman-Rushdie-1-cu.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Sir [[Salman Rushdie]] at the 2016 [[Hay Festival]], the UK's largest annual literary festival]] [[Salman Rushdie]] is another post Second World War writers from the former British colonies who [[Migrant literature|permanently settled in Britain]]. Rushdie achieved fame with ''[[Midnight's Children]]'' 1981. His most controversial novel ''[[The Satanic Verses]]'' 1989, was inspired in part by the life of Muhammad. [[V. S. Naipaul]] (born 1932), born in [[Trinidad]], was another immigrant, who wrote among other things ''[[A Bend in the River]]'' (1979). Naipaul won the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]].{{cite web | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/2001/ | work = Literature | title = 2001 Laureates |publisher= The Nobel Prize}} From [[Nigerian literature|Nigeria]] a number of writers have achieved an international reputation for works in English, including novelist [[Chinua Achebe]], as well as playwright [[Wole Soyinka]]. Soyinka won the [[Nobel Prize]] for literature in 1986, as did [[South Africa]]n novelist [[Nadine Gordimer]] in 1995. Other South African writers in English are novelist [[J.M. Coetzee]] (Nobel Prize 2003) and playwright [[Athol Fugard]]. [[Kenyan literature|Kenya]]'s most internationally renowned author is [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] who has written novels, plays and short stories in English. Poet [[Derek Walcott]], from [[St Lucia]] in the Caribbean, was another Nobel Prize winner in 1992. An [[Australian literature|Australian]] [[Patrick White]], a major novelist in this period, whose first work was published in 1939, won in (1973). Other noteworthy Australian writers at the end of this period are poet [[Les Murray (poet)|Les Murray]] (1938–2019), and novelist [[Peter Carey (novelist)|Peter Carey]] (born 1943), who is one of only four writers to have won the [[Man Booker Prize|Booker Prize]] twice.Man Booker official site: J.G. Farrell [http://themanbookerprize.com/search/node/j%20g%20farrell]; Hilary Mantel {{cite web |url=http://themanbookerprize.com/people/hilary-mantel |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-03-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313224147/http://themanbookerprize.com/people/hilary-mantel |archive-date=13 March 2016}}; J.M. Coetzee: {{cite web |url=http://themanbookerprize.com/people/j-m-coetzee |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-03-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317185406/http://themanbookerprize.com/people/j-m-coetzee |archive-date=17 March 2016}}. Major Canadian novelists include [[Carol Shields]], [[Lawrence Hill]], [[Margaret Atwood]] and [[Alice Munro]]. [[Carol Shields]] novel ''The Stone Diaries'' won the 1995 [[Pulitzer Prize for Fiction]], and another novel, ''[[Larry's Party]]'', won the [[Orange Prize for Fiction|Orange Prize]] in 1998. [[Lawrence Hill]]'s ''[[Book of Negroes]]'' won the 2008 [[Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] Overall Best Book Award, while [[Alice Munro]] became the first Canadian to win the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] in 2013.{{Cite web | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/alice-munro-is-1st-canadian-woman-to-win-nobel-literature-prize-1.1958383 | title=Nobel-winner Alice Munro hailed as 'master' of short stories | CBC News}} Munro also received the [[Man Booker International Prize]] in 2009. Amongst internationally known poets are [[Leonard Cohen]] and [[Anne Carson]]. Carson in 1996 won the [[Lannan Literary Award]] for poetry. The foundation's awards in 2006 for poetry, fiction and nonfiction each came with $US 150,000. Return to English literature. 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