Slovene literature - Wikipedia Slovene literature From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Slovene literature" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article is in list format, but may read better as prose. You can help by converting this article, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (September 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Part of a series on the Culture of Slovenia History People Languages Cuisine Festivals Public holidays Religion Art Photography Painters Photographers Sculptors Literature Writers Poets Music and performing arts Music Performing arts Theatre Actors Musicians Composers Media Radio Television Cinema Radio stations Sport Monuments World Heritage Sites Symbols Flag Coat of arms  Slovenia portal v t e Slovene literature is the literature written in the Slovene language. It spans across all literary genres with historically the Slovene historical fiction as the most widespread Slovene fiction genre. The Romantic 19th-century epic poetry written by the leading name of the Slovene literary canon, France Prešeren, inspired virtually all subsequent Slovene literature. Literature played an important role in the development and preservation of the Slovene identity because the Slovene nation did not have its own state until 1991 after the Republic of Slovenia emerged from the breakup of Yugoslavia.[1] Poetry, narrative prose, drama, essay, and criticism kept the Slovene language and culture alive, allowing - in the words of Anton Slodnjak - the Slovenes to become a real nation, particularly in the absence of masculine attributes such as political power and authority.[1] Contents 1 Early literature 1.1 First written text 1.2 First books 2 Historical periods 2.1 Middle Ages 2.1.1 Folk poetry 2.2 Protestant reformation 2.3 Counter-reformation 2.4 Baroque 2.5 Age of Enlightenment 2.6 1830–1849 2.7 1849–1899 2.8 Fin-de-siecle 2.8.1 Late realism 2.9 1918–1941 2.9.1 1918–1926 2.9.2 1918–1930 2.9.3 1930–1941 2.10 1941–1945 2.11 1945–1990 2.11.1 Neo-realism 2.11.2 Intimism 2.11.3 Modernism 2.11.4 Postmodernism 2.12 Post 1990 3 References Early literature[edit] The Freising Manuscripts, dating from the 10th century, most probably written in upper Carinthia, are the oldest surviving documents in Slovene. Protestant preacher Primož Trubar, author of the first printed book in Slovene The Sower (1907) by the Impressionist painter Ivan Grohar is a metaphor for the Slovenes as a vigorous nation in front of an uncertain future[2] and a nation that sows in order that it could harvest.[3] There are accounts that cite the existence of an oral literary tradition that preceded the Slovene written literature.[4] This was mostly composed of folk songs and also prose, which included tales of myths, fairy tales, and narrations.[5] First written text[edit] The earliest documents written in the Old Slovene are the Freising manuscripts (Brižinski spomeniki), dated between 972 and 1022, found in 1803 in Freising, Germany. This book was written for the purpose of spreading Christianity to the Alpine Slavs and contained terms concerned with the institutions of authority such as oblast (authority), gospod (lord), and rota (oath).[6] First books[edit] The first books in Slovene were Catechismus and Abecedarium, written by the Protestant reformer Primož Trubar in 1550 and printed in Schwäbisch Hall.[7] Based on the work by Trubar, who from 1555 until 1577 translated into Slovene and published the entire New Testament, Jurij Dalmatin translated the entire Bible into Slovene from c. 1569 until 1578 and published it in 1583. In the second half of the 16th century, Slovene became known to other European languages with the multilingual dictionary, compiled by Hieronymus Megiser. Since then each new generation of Slovene writers has contributed to the growing corpus of texts in Slovene. Particularly, Adam Bohorič's Arcticae horulae, the first Slovene grammar, and Sebastjan Krelj's Postilla Slovenska, became the bases of the development of Slovene literature.[5] Historical periods[edit] Middle Ages[edit] Main articles: Freising Manuscripts, Klagenfurt Manuscript, Stična Manuscript, and Castelmonte Manuscript Folk poetry[edit] Main articles: Kralj Matjaž, Pegam and Lambergar, Peter Klepec, Rošlin and Verjanko, and The Fair Vida Protestant reformation[edit] Main articles: Adam Bohorič, Jurij Dalmatin, Sebastijan Krelj, and Primož Trubar Counter-reformation[edit] Main article: Thomas Chrön Baroque[edit] Main articles: Lovrenc Marušič, Tobia Lionelli, and Johann Weikhard von Valvasor Age of Enlightenment[edit] Main articles: Marko Pohlin, Jurij Japelj, Valentin Vodnik, and Anton Tomaž Linhart 1830–1849[edit] Main articles: Matija Čop, Janez Vesel, France Prešeren, Anton Martin Slomšek, Stanko Vraz, Fanny Hausmann, Josipina Turnograjska, Luiza Pesjak, and Janez Nepomuk Primic 1849–1899[edit] Main articles: Janez Trdina, Fran Levstik, Simon Jenko, Josip Jurčič, Josip Stritar, Janko Kersnik, Simon Gregorčič, Anton Aškerc, Ivan Tavčar, Zofka Kveder, Pavlina Pajk, Fran Govekar, Fran Erjavec, and Pavlina Pajk Fin-de-siecle[edit] Main articles: Impressionism, Neo-romanticism, Symbolism (arts), Decadence, Ivan Cankar, Josip Murn Aleksandrov, Dragotin Kette, Oton Župančič, Alojz Gradnik, and Izidor Cankar This period encompasses 1899–1918. Late realism[edit] Main articles: Fran Milčinski, Janez Jalen, and Fran Saleški Finžgar 1918–1941[edit] Main articles: Edvard Kocbek, Pavel Golia, Vladimir Bartol, Louis Adamic, Alma Karlin, Bogomir Magajna, Ivan Mrak, Anton Novačan, Lili Novy, Julius Kugy, Vladimir Kralj, and Marica Gregorič Stepančič 1918–1926[edit] Main articles: Srečko Kosovel and Anton Podbevšek 1918–1930[edit] Main articles: Joža Lovrenčič, Miran Jarc, Anton Vodnik, France Vodnik, Božo Vodušek, Ivan Pregelj, Slavko Grum, Stanko Majcen, France Bevk, Jože Udovič, Stanko Vuk, Danilo Lokar, and Cene Vipotnik 1930–1941[edit] Main articles: Mile Klopčič, Fran Albreht, Vera Albreht, Tone Čufar, Igo Gruden, Prežihov Voranc, Miško Kranjec, Bratko Kreft, Ivan Potrč, Ludvik Mrzel, Juš Kozak, Lojz Kraigher, Ferdo Kozak, and Fran Albreht 1941–1945[edit] Main articles: Karel Destovnik Kajuh, Edvard Kocbek, Matej Bor, France Balantič, and Ivan Hribovšek 1945–1990[edit] Main articles: Žarko Petan, Boris Pahor, Alojz Rebula, Florjan Lipuš, Janko Messner, Mimi Malenšek, Miha Remec, Miloš Mikeln, Saša Vuga, Feri Lainšček, Marjan Tomšič, Tone Partljič, Vladimir Kavčič, Igor Torkar, and Matej Bor Neo-realism[edit] Main articles: Ciril Kosmač, Tone Seliškar, Anton Ingolič, Branka Jurca, Berta Golob, Ela Peroci, Kristina Brenkova, and Leopold Suhodolčan Intimism[edit] Main article: Intimism (Slovene poetry) Intimism (Slovene: intimizem) was a poetic movement, the main themes of which were love, disappointment and suffering and the projection of poet's inner feelings onto nature.[8] Its beginner is Ivan Minatti, who was followed by Lojze Krakar. The climax of Intimism was achieved in 1953 with a collection of poetry titled Poems of the Four (Pesmi štirih), written by Janez Menart, Ciril Zlobec, Kajetan Kovič and Tone Pavček.[9] An often neglected female counterpart to the four was Ada Škerl, whose subjective and pessimistic poetic sentiment was contrary to the post-war revolutionary demands in the People's Republic of Slovenia.[10] Modernism[edit] Main articles: Edvard Kocbek, Vitomil Zupan, Borut Kardelj, Rudi Šeligo, Gustav Januš, Svetlana Makarovič, Andrej Capuder, Jože Snoj, Jože Javoršek, Dominik Smole, Gregor Strniša, Dane Zajc, Marjan Rožanc, Lojze Kovačič, Niko Grafenauer, Miroslav Košuta, and Peter Božič Postmodernism[edit] Main articles: Boris A. Novak, Marko Kravos, Drago Jančar, Evald Flisar, Tomaž Šalamun, Brina Svit, Janko Ferk, and Cvetka Lipuš Post 1990[edit] Main articles: Iztok Osojnik, Aleš Debeljak, Josip Osti, Miha Mazzini, Sebastijan Pregelj, Drago Jančar, Rudi Šeligo, Boris A. Novak, Igor Škamperle, Alojz Ihan, Taja Kramberger, Aleš Šteger, Uroš Zupan, Nejc Gazvoda, Andrej Blatnik, Jani Virk, Brane Mozetič, Goran Vojnović, Dušan Jelinčič, Vinko Ošlak, Janko Ferk, and Benka Pulko References[edit] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Slovene-language literature. ^ a b Daskalova, Krassimira (2008). Aspasia: The International Yearbook of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern European Women's and Gender History. New Milford, CT: Berghahn Books. p. 31. ISBN 9781845456344. ^ Smrekar, Andrej. "Slovenska moderna" [Slovene Early Modernism] (in Slovenian). National Gallery of Slovenia. Archived from the original on 2013-10-26. ^ Naglič, Miha (6 June 2008). "Je človek še Sejalec" [Is a Man Still a Sower]. Gorenjski glas (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 8 February 2013. ^ McKelvie, Robin; McKelvie, Jenny (2008). Slovenia. Guilford, CT: Bradt Travel Guides. p. 38. ISBN 9781841622118. ^ a b Klemencic, Matjaz; Žagar, Mitja (2004). The Former Yugoslavia's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 31. ISBN 1576072940. ^ Škrubej, Katja (2002). Ritus gentis Slovanov v vzhodnih Alpah: Model rekonstrukcije pravnih razmerij na podlagi najstarejšega jezikovnega gradiva. Ljubljana: Zalozba ZRC. p. 208. ^ Ahačič, Kozma (2013). "Nova odkritja o slovenski protestantiki" [New Discoveries About the Slovene Protestant Literature] (PDF). Slavistična revija (in Slovenian and English). 61 (4): 543–555. ^ Pavlič, Darja (May 2008). "Contextualizing contemporary Slovenian lyric poetry within literary history" (DOC). Retrieved 7 February 2011. ^ "Archived copy" (in Slovenian). Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2011-02-07.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) ^ "Umrla Ada Škerl" [Ada Škerl Deceased]. Delo.si (in Slovenian). 1 June 2009. Retrieved 7 February 2011. This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (April 2009) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the French article. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Littérature slovène]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated|fr|Littérature slovène}} to the talk page. 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