Middle English Bible translations - Wikipedia Middle English Bible translations From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Middle English Bible translations" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Bible in English List of English Bible translations Old English (pre-1066) Middle English (1066–1500) Early Modern English (1500–1800) Modern Christian (1800– ) Modern Jewish (1853– ) Miscellaneous Main category: Bible translations into English  Bible portal v t e Middle English Bible translations (1066-1500) covers the age of Middle English, beginning with the Norman conquest and ending about 1500. Aside from Wycliffe's Bible, this was not a fertile time for Bible translation. English literature was limited because French was the preferred language of the elite, and Latin was the preferred literary language in Medieval Western Europe. Contents 1 Early partial translations 2 Wycliffe's Bible 3 Later partial translations 4 Legacy 5 See also 6 References Early partial translations[edit] The Ormulum, produced by the Augustinian monk Orm of Lincolnshire around 1150, includes partial translations and paraphrases of parts of the Gospels and Acts of the Apostles from Latin into the dialect of East Midland. The manuscript is written in the poetic meter iambic septenarius. Sample from the Ormulum (Luke 1:5): An preost wass onn Herodess daȝȝ   Amang Judisskenn þeode, & he wass, wiss to fulle soþ,   Ȝehatenn Zacariȝe, & haffde an duhhtiȝ wif, þhat wass, Off Aaroness dohhtress;   & ȝho wass, wiss to fulle soþ, Elysabæþ ȝehatenn. Translations of many biblical passages are included in the Cursor Mundi, written about 1300. Richard Rolle of Hampole (or de Hampole) was an Oxford-educated hermit and writer of religious texts. In the early 14th century, he produced English glosses of Latin Bible text, including the Psalms. Rolle translated the Psalms into a Northern English dialect, but later copies were written in Southern English dialects. Around the same time, an anonymous author in the West Midlands region produced another gloss of the complete Psalms — the West Midland Psalms.[1][2] In the early years of the 14th century, a French copy of the Book of Revelation was anonymously translated into English. Wycliffe's Bible[edit] In the late 14th century, John Wycliffe produced the first complete English language Bible — often called Wycliffe's Bible. His New Testament was completed in 1380 and the Old Testament a few years later. It is thought that a large portion of the Old Testament was actually translated by Nicholas Hereford. Some 30 copies of this Bible survive, despite the fact that it was banned. From the time of King Richard II until the time of the English Reformation, Lollards who read Wycliffe's Bible were persecuted. Wycliffe's Bible was revised in the last years of the 14th century, perhaps by John Purvey. This edition was also banned and became even more popular than the first. Some 130 copies exist, including some belonging to the British royal family. All dated copies are dated before the ban. Sample of Wycliffe's translation: Be not youre herte affraied, ne drede it. Ye bileuen in god, and bileue ye in me. In the hous of my fadir ben many dwellyngis: if ony thing lasse I hadde seid to you, for I go to make redi to you a place. And if I go and make redi to you a place, eftsone I come and I schal take you to my silf, that where I am, ye be. And whidir I go ye witen: and ye witen the wey. (John 14:1-4) Since the Wycliffe Bible conformed fully to Catholic teaching, it was rightly considered to be an unauthorized Roman Catholic version of the Vulgate text but with heretical preface and notes added. This slightly misleading view was held by many Catholic commentators, including Thomas More - and has continued to create confusion on the meaning of an authorised version of the Bible and the purpose of authorising an orthodox context for its translation. Later partial translations[edit] William Caxton translated many Bible stories and passages from the French, producing the Golden Legend (1483) and The Book of the Knight in the Tower (1484). He also printed The Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ by Pseudo-Bonaventure, translated by Nicholas Love, OCart. Legacy[edit] All translations of this time period were from Latin or French. Greek and Hebrew texts would become available with the development of the Johann Gutenberg's movable-type printing press which coincided with the development of Early Modern English, making English a literary language, and would lead to a great increase in the number of translations of the Bible in the Early Modern English era. Humanism of the Renaissance made popular again the study of the classics and the classical languages and thus allowed critical Greek scholarship to again become a possibility. Under the influence of Erasmus and his kind, with their new insistence on classical learning, there came necessarily a new appraisal of the Vulgate as a translation of the original Bible. Since the proclamation of the Latin Vulgate as authentic by the Council of Trent, there had been little new study of the original Biblical languages in Europe. But a renewed interest on the biblical languages threw scholarship into debate regarding the sources of the text. In the early 16th century Erasmus published a single volume of the Greek texts of the New Testament books, and republished more precise editions of this volume until his death. Erasmus's commentating and eventually re-writing a Latin New Testament (prior to publishing the one volume Greek New Testament) challenged the authority of the Latin Vulgate. The other great event of that same century was the invention, in Europe, of printing with movable type. It was in 1455 that Johannes Gutenberg printed his first major work, an edition of the Latin Vulgate, now called the Gutenberg Bible. These developments would lead to the more fertile time for English translations in the Early Modern English period. See also[edit] Wycliffe's Bible English translations of the Bible v t e English-language translations of the Bible 5th–11th century Wessex Gospels Hatton Gospels Old English Hexateuch Old English Bible translations Middle English Wycliffe Middle English Bible translations 16th–17th century Tyndale Coverdale Matthew Great Bible Taverner Geneva Bishops' Douay–Rheims (DRV) King James (KJV) 18th–19th century Challoner Brenton's Septuagint Webster's Young's Literal (YLT) Revised (RV) Living Oracles Darby Emphatic Diaglott Joseph Smith Quaker Julia E. Smith Parker Translation 20th century American Standard (ASV) Rotherham's Emphasized Ferrar Fenton Moffatt, New Translation Knox Basic English (BBE) Revised Standard (RSV) Anchor New World (NWT) Modern Language (MLB) New English (NEB) Living English (BLE) New American Standard (NASB) Good News (GNB) Jerusalem (JB) New American (NAB) Living New International (NIV) New Century (NCV) Bethel New King James (NKJV) New Jerusalem (NJB) Green's Literal Translation (GLT) Recovery Christian Community (CCB) New Revised Standard (NRSV) Revised English (REB) Contemporary English (CEV) The Message (MSG) Clear Word (TCW) New Life (NLV) 21st Century King James (KJ21) Third Millennium (TMB) New International Reader's (NIrV) New International Inclusive Language God's Word New Living (NLT) Heinz Cassirer's translation Complete Jewish Bible International Standard (ISV) Holman Christian Standard (HCSB) The Holy Bible from Ancient Eastern Manuscripts Hebrew Bible Jewish Publication Society of America Version New Jewish Publication Society of America Tanakh New Testament Worrell Phillips Partial Four Prophets (Phillips) 21st century World English (WEB) World Messianic English Standard (ESV) Today's New International (TNIV) New English (NET) Ignatius (RSV2CE) The Voice Common English (CEB) Apostolic Bible Polyglot Open English (OEB) Eastern Orthodox New American Bible Revised Edition (NABRE) Lexham English The Orthodox Jewish Original Aramaic Bible in Plain English Divine Name King James Names of God Tree of Life Bible Modern English (MEV) Literal English (LEV) Christian Standard (CSB) Revised New Jerusalem (RNJB) Evangelical Heritage (EHV) Hebrew Bible Alter Septuagint New English Translation Study Bibles Haydock Bible Life Application Study Bible Oxford Annotated Bible Reformation Study Bible Scofield Reference Bible Thompson Chain-Reference Bible Dake Annotated Reference Bible Logos International Study Bible Hebrew-Greek Key Word Study Bible MacArthur Study Bible Ryrie Study Bible The Wesley Study Bible The Lutheran Study Bible Orthodox Study Bible NIV Study Bible ESV Study Bible NLT Study Bible Good News Study Bible NASB Study Bible New Interpreter's Study Bible Reflecting God Study Bible Archaeological Study Bible The Life with God Study Bible The Green Bible Picture Bibles for Adults Brick Testament Manga Bible The Action Bible Modern Dialectal & Slang Glasgow LOLCat Notable publishers Cambridge University Press Oxford University Press American Bible Society Zondervan Thomas Nelson Tyndale House HarperCollins Holman Lockman Foundation Crossway Hendrickson Publisher Ignatius Press Saint Benedict Press Baronius Press Additional lists List of English Bible translations Old English (pre-1066) Middle English (1066–1500) Early Modern English (1500–1800) Modern Christian (1800–) Modern Jewish (1853–) Miscellaneous References[edit] ^ Psalms Through the Centuries, Volume One, Susan Gillingham, John Wiley & Sons, Mar 28, 2012 ^ Midland Prose Psalter, Middle English Compendium, University of Michigan Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Middle_English_Bible_translations&oldid=954241589" Categories: 11th-century Christian texts 12th-century Christian texts 13th-century Christian texts 14th-century Christian texts 15th-century Christian texts Middle English literature Bible translations into English Hidden categories: Articles needing additional references from October 2015 All articles needing additional references Articles containing Middle English (1100-1500)-language text Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages Français Edit links This page was last edited on 1 May 2020, at 11:37 (UTC). 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