Iris Murdoch - Wikipedia Iris Murdoch From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Irish writer and philosopher Dame Iris Murdoch DBE Born Jean Iris Murdoch (1919-07-15)15 July 1919 Dublin, Ireland Died 8 February 1999(1999-02-08) (aged 79) Oxford, England Nationality Irish, British Education Somerville College, Oxford Newnham College, Cambridge Notable work Sartre: Romantic Rationalist Under the Net The Sovereignty of Good Spouse(s) John Bayley ​ (m. 1956⁠–⁠1999)​ Awards Booker Prize Era Contemporary philosophy Region Western philosophy School Analytic philosophy Virtue ethics Modern Platonism Notable ideas Sovereignty of the good Idea of perfection Influences Plato, Simone Weil, Jean-Paul Sartre, Philippa Foot, Stuart Hampshire Influenced Philippa Foot, Elizabeth Anscombe, Martha Nussbaum Dame Jean Iris Murdoch DBE (/ˈmɜːrdɒk/ MUR-dok; 15 July 1919 – 8 February 1999) was an Irish and British novelist and philosopher. Murdoch is best known for her novels about good and evil, sexual relationships, morality, and the power of the unconscious. Her first published novel, Under the Net, was selected in 1998 as one of Modern Library's 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. Her 1978 novel The Sea, the Sea won the Booker Prize. In 1987, she was made a Dame by Queen Elizabeth II for services to literature. In 2008, The Times ranked Murdoch twelfth on a list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".[1] Her other books include The Bell (1958), A Severed Head (1961), The Red and the Green (1965), The Nice and the Good (1968), The Black Prince (1973), Henry and Cato (1976), The Philosopher's Pupil (1983), The Good Apprentice (1985), The Book and the Brotherhood (1987), The Message to the Planet (1989), and The Green Knight (1993). Contents 1 Life 2 Work 2.1 Philosophy 2.2 Fiction 3 Political views 4 Biographies and memoirs 5 Adaptations 6 Bibliography 7 References 8 Sources 9 External links Life[edit] Murdoch was born in Phibsborough, Dublin, Ireland, the daughter of Irene Alice (née Richardson, 1899–1985)[2] and Wills John Hughes Murdoch. Her father, a civil servant, came from a mainly Presbyterian sheep farming family from Hillhall, County Down. In 1915, he enlisted as a soldier in King Edward's Horse and served in France during the First World War before being commissioned as a Second lieutenant. Her mother had trained as a singer before Iris was born, and was from a middle-class Church of Ireland family in Dublin. Iris Murdoch's parents first met in Dublin when her father was on leave and were married in 1918.[3]:14 Iris was the couple's only child. When she was a few weeks old the family moved to London, where her father had joined the Ministry of Health as a second-class clerk.[4]:67 She is a second cousin of the Irish mathematician Brian Murdoch.[3] Murdoch was educated in progressive independent schools, entering the Froebel Demonstration School in 1925 and attending Badminton School in Bristol as a boarder from 1932 to 1938. In 1938 she went up to Somerville College, Oxford, with the intention of studying English, but switched to "Greats", a course of study combining classics, ancient history, and philosophy.[5] At Oxford she studied philosophy with Donald M. MacKinnon and attended Eduard Fraenkel's seminars on Agamemnon.[3] She was awarded a first-class honours degree in 1942.[6] After leaving Oxford she went to work in London for HM Treasury. In June 1944 she left the Treasury and went to work for the UNRRA. At first she was stationed in London at the agency's European Regional Office. In 1945 she was transferred first to Brussels, then to Innsbruck, and finally to Graz, Austria, where she worked in a refugee camp. She left the UNRRA in 1946.[3]:245 From 1947 to 1948 Iris Murdoch studied philosophy as a postgraduate at Newnham College, Cambridge. She met Wittgenstein at Cambridge but did not hear him lecture, as he had left his Trinity College professorship before she arrived.[3]:262–263[7] In 1948 she became a fellow of St Anne's College, Oxford, where she taught philosophy until 1963. From 1963 to 1967 she taught one day a week in the General Studies department at the Royal College of Art.[3]:469 In 1956 Murdoch married John Bayley, a literary critic, novelist, and from 1974 to 1992 Warton Professor of English at Oxford University, whom she had met in Oxford in 1954. The unusual romantic partnership lasted more than forty years until Murdoch's death. Bayley thought that sex was "inescapably ridiculous." Murdoch in contrast had "multiple affairs with both men and women which, on discomposing occasions, [Bayley] witnessed for himself".[8][9] Iris Murdoch's first novel, Under the Net, was published in 1954. She had previously published essays on philosophy, and the first monograph about Jean-Paul Sartre published in English. She went on to produce 25 more novels and additional works of philosophy, as well as poetry and drama. In 1976 she was named a Commander of the Order of the British Empire and in 1987 was made a Dame Commander of Order of the British Empire.[3]:571, 575 She was awarded honorary degrees by the University of Bath (DLitt, 1983),[10] University of Cambridge (1993)[11] and Kingston University (1994), among others. She was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1982.[12] Her last novel, Jackson's Dilemma, was published in 1995. Iris Murdoch was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in 1997 and died in 1999 in Oxford.[7] There is a bench dedicated to her in the grounds of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, where she used to enjoy walking.[13] Work[edit] Philosophy[edit] For some time, Murdoch's influence and achievements as a philosopher were eclipsed by her success as a novelist, but recent appraisals have increasingly accorded her a substantial role in postwar Anglo-American philosophy, particularly for her unfashionably prescient work in moral philosophy and her reinterpretation of Aristotle and Plato. Martha Nussbaum has argued for Murdoch's "transformative impact on the discipline" of moral philosophy because she directed her analysis not at the once-dominant matters of will and choice, but at those of attention (how people learn to see and conceive of one another) and phenomenal experience (how the sensory "thinginess" of life shapes moral sensibility).[14] In a recent survey of Murdoch's philosophical work, Justin Broackes points to several distinctive features of Murdoch's moral philosophy, including a "moral realism or 'naturalism', allowing into the world cases of such properties as humility or generosity; an anti‐scientism; a rejection of Humean moral psychology; a sort of 'particularism'; special attention to the virtues; and emphasis on the metaphor of moral perception or 'seeing' moral facts."[15] Broackes also notes that Murdoch's influence on the discipline of philosophy was sometimes indirect, since it impacted both her contemporaries and the following generation of philosophers, particularly Elizabeth Anscombe, Philippa Foot, John McDowell, and Bernard Williams.[16] She sent copies of her earlier novels to Anscombe, but there is nothing in Anscombe's writing which reflects any of these. Her philosophical work was influenced by Simone Weil (from whom she borrows the concept of 'attention'), and by Plato, under whose banner she claimed to fight.[17]:76 In re-animating Plato, she gives force to the reality of the Good, and to a sense of the moral life as a pilgrimage from illusion to reality. From this perspective, Murdoch's work offers perceptive criticism of Kant, Sartre and Wittgenstein ('early' and 'late'). Her most central parable, which appears in The Sovereignty of Good, asks us (in Nussbaum's succinct account), "to imagine a mother-in-law, M, who has contempt for D, her daughter-in-law. M sees D as common, cheap, low. Since M is a self-controlled Englishwoman, she behaves (so Murdoch stipulates) with perfect graciousness all the while, and no hint of her real view surfaces in her acts. But she realizes, too, that her feelings and thoughts are unworthy, and likely to be generated by jealousy and an excessively keen desire to hang on to her son. So she sets herself a moral task: she will change her view of D, making it more accurate, less marred by selfishness. She gives herself exercises in vision: where she is inclined to say 'coarse,' she will say, and see, 'spontaneous.' Where she is inclined to say 'common,' she will say, and see, 'fresh and naive.' As time goes on, the new images supplant the old. Eventually M does not have to make such an effort to control her actions: they flow naturally from the way she has come to see D."[14] This is how M cultivates a pattern of behavior that leads her to view D "justly or lovingly".[18]:317 The parable is partly meant to show (against Oxford contemporaries including R. M. Hare and Stuart Hampshire) the importance of the 'inner' life to moral action. Seeing another correctly can depend on overcoming jealousy, and discoveries about the world involve inner work. Fiction[edit] Her novels, in their attention and generosity to the inner lives of individuals, follow the tradition of novelists like Dostoyevsky, Tolstoy, George Eliot, and Proust, besides showing an abiding love of Shakespeare. There is however great variety in her achievement, and the richly layered structure and compelling realistic comic imagination of The Black Prince (1973) is very different from the early comic work Under the Net (1954) or The Unicorn (1963). The Unicorn can be read as a sophisticated Gothic romance, or as a novel with Gothic trappings, or perhaps as a parody of the Gothic mode of writing. The Black Prince, for which Murdoch won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize, is a study of erotic obsession, and the text becomes more complicated, suggesting multiple interpretations, when subordinate characters contradict the narrator and the mysterious "editor" of the book in a series of afterwords. Though her novels differ markedly, and her style developed, themes recur. Her novels often include upper-middle-class male intellectuals caught in moral dilemmas, gay characters, refugees, Anglo-Catholics with crises of faith, empathetic pets, curiously "knowing" children and sometimes a powerful and almost demonic male "enchanter" who imposes his will on the other characters—a type of man Murdoch is said to have modelled on her lover, the Nobel laureate Elias Canetti.[3]:350–352 Murdoch was awarded the Booker Prize in 1978 for The Sea, the Sea, a finely detailed novel about the power of love and loss, featuring a retired stage director who is overwhelmed by jealousy when he meets his erstwhile lover after several decades apart. An authorised collection of her poetic writings, Poems by Iris Murdoch, appeared in 1997, edited by Paul Hullah and Yozo Muroya. Several of her works have been adapted for the screen, including the British television series of her novels An Unofficial Rose and The Bell. J. B. Priestley's dramatisation of her 1961 novel A Severed Head starred Ian Holm and Richard Attenborough. In 1997, she was awarded the Golden PEN Award by English PEN for "a Lifetime's Distinguished Service to Literature".[19] Literary critics and theorists have given her mixed reviews. Harold Bloom wrote in his 1986 review of The Good Apprentice that 'no other contemporary British novelist' seemed of her 'eminence'.[20] A. S. Byatt called her 'a great philosophical novelist'.[21] James Wood wrote in How Fiction Works: 'In her literary and philosophical criticism, she again and again stresses that the creation of free and independent characters is the mark of a great novelist; yet her own characters never have this freedom.' He stressed that some authors, 'like Tolstoy, Trollope, Balzac and Dickens', wrote about people different from themselves by choice, whereas others, such as 'James, Flaubert, Lawrence, Woolf', have more interest in the self. Wood called Murdoch 'poignant', because she spent her whole life in writing in the latter category, whilst she struggled to fit herself into the former.[22] In an assessment of her Booker Prize winning novel The Sea, the Sea, Sam Jordison, creator of the poll Crap Towns, declared that the book contained 'scenes of absurd melodrama' and 'mystical bollocks'. He did, however, praise Murdoch's comic set-pieces, and her portrayal of self-deceit.[23] Political views[edit] Murdoch won a scholarship to study at Vassar College in 1946, but was refused a visa to enter the United States because she had joined the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1938, while a student at Oxford. She left the party in 1942, when she went to work at the Treasury, but remained sympathetic to communism for several years.[3]:172[24]:15 In later years she was allowed to visit the United States, but always had to obtain a waiver from the provisions of the McCarran Act, which barred Communist Party members and former members from entering the country. In a 1990 Paris Review interview she said that her membership of the Communist Party had made her see "how strong and how awful it [Marxism] is, certainly in its organized form".[25]:210 Aside from her Communist Party membership, her Irish heritage is the other sensitive aspect of Murdoch's political life that seems to attract interest. Part of the interest revolves around the fact that, although Irish by both birth and traced descent on both sides, Murdoch did not display the full set of political opinions that are sometimes assumed to go with this origin: "No one ever agrees about who is entitled to lay claim to Irishness. Iris's Belfast cousins today call themselves British, not Irish... [but] with both parents brought up in Ireland, and an ancestry within Ireland both North and South going back three centuries, Iris has as valid a claim to call herself Irish as most North Americans have to call themselves American".[3]:24 Conradi notes A.N. Wilson's record that Murdoch regretted the sympathetic portrayal of the Irish nationalist cause she had given earlier in The Red and the Green, and a competing defence of the book at Caen in 1978.[3]:465 The novel, while broad of sympathy, is hardly an unambiguous celebration of the 1916 rising, dwelling upon bloodshed, unintended consequences and the evils of romanticism, besides celebrating selfless individuals on both sides. Later, of Ian Paisley, Iris Murdoch stated "[he] sincerely condemns violence and did not intend to incite the Protestant terrorists. That he is emotional and angry is not surprising, after 12–15 years of murderous IRA activity. All this business is deep in my soul, I'm afraid."[3]:465 In private correspondence with her close friend and fellow philosopher Philippa Foot, she remarked in 1978 that she felt "unsentimental about Ireland to the point of hatred" and, of a Franco-Irish conference she had attended in Caen in 1982, said that "the sounds of all those Irish voices made me feel privately sick".[26] Biographies and memoirs[edit] Peter J. Conradi's 2001 biography was the fruit of long research and authorised access to journals and other papers. It is also a labour of love, and of a friendship with Murdoch that extended from a meeting at her Gifford Lectures to her death. The book was well received. John Updike commented: "There would be no need to complain of literary biographies [...] if they were all as good".[27] The text addresses many popular questions about Murdoch, such as how Irish she was, what her politics were, etc. Though not a trained philosopher, Conradi's interest in Murdoch's achievement as a thinker is evident in the biography, and yet more so in his earlier work of literary criticism The Saint and the Artist: A Study of Iris Murdoch's Works (Macmillan 1986, HarperCollins 2001). He also recalled his personal encounters with Murdoch in Going Buddhist: Panic and Emptiness, the Buddha and Me. (Short Books, 2005). Conradi's archive of material on Murdoch, together with Iris Murdoch's Oxford library, is held at Kingston University.[28] An account of Murdoch's life with a different ambition is given by A. N. Wilson in his 2003 book Iris Murdoch as I Knew Her. The work was described by Galen Strawson in The Guardian as "mischievously revelatory" and labelled by Wilson himself as an "anti-biography".[29] Wilson eschews objectivity, but is careful to stress his affection for his subject. Wilson remarks that Murdoch "had clearly been one of those delightful young women... who was prepared to go to bed with almost anyone".[4]:59 While Murdoch's thought is an inspiration for Conradi, Wilson treats Murdoch's philosophical work as at best a distraction. David Morgan met Iris Murdoch in 1964, when he was a student at the Royal College of Art.[3] :475 His 2010 memoir With Love and Rage: A Friendship with Iris Murdoch, describes their lifelong friendship.[30][31] John Bayley wrote two memoirs of his life with Iris Murdoch. Iris: A Memoir was published in the United Kingdom in 1998, shortly before her death. The American edition, which was published in 1999, was called Elegy for Iris. A sequel entitled Iris and the Friends was published in 1999, after her death. Murdoch was portrayed by Kate Winslet and Judi Dench in Richard Eyre's film Iris (2001), based on Bayley's memories of his wife as she developed Alzheimer's disease.[32] In her centenary year, 2019, a collection of unpublished memories was published by Sabrestorm Press entitled 'Iris Murdoch: A Centenary Celebration', edited by Miles Leeson who directs the Iris Murdoch Research Centre at the University of Chichester, UK. [33] Adaptations[edit] BBC Radio 4 broadcast in 2015 an "Iris Murdoch season" with several memoirs by people who knew her, and dramatisations of her novels.:[34] Iris Murdoch: Dream Girl The Sea, the Sea A Severed Head In March 2019, it was announced that the London-based award-winning production company Rebel Republic Films, led by director Garo Berberian, has optioned the book and is currently developing a screenplay based on The Italian Girl.[35] Bibliography[edit] Novels Under the Net (1954) The Flight from the Enchanter (1956) The Sandcastle (1957) The Bell (1958) A Severed Head (1961) An Unofficial Rose (1962) The Unicorn (1963) The Italian Girl (1964) The Red and the Green (1965) The Time of the Angels (1966) The Nice and the Good (1968) Bruno's Dream (1969) A Fairly Honourable Defeat (1970) An Accidental Man (1971) The Black Prince (1973), winner of the James Tait Black Memorial Prize The Sacred and Profane Love Machine (1974), winner of the Whitbread literary award for Fiction A Word Child (1975) Henry and Cato (1976) The Sea, the Sea (1978), winner of the Booker Prize Nuns and Soldiers (1980) The Philosopher's Pupil (1983) The Good Apprentice (1985) The Book and the Brotherhood (1987) The Message to the Planet (1989) The Green Knight (1993) Jackson's Dilemma (1995) Short Stories Something Special (1957) Philosophy Sartre: Romantic Rationalist (1953) The Sovereignty of Good (1970) The Fire and the Sun (1977) Metaphysics as a Guide to Morals (1992) Existentialists and Mystics: Writings on Philosophy and Literature (1997) Plays A Severed Head (with J.B. Priestley, 1964) The Italian Girl (with James Saunders, 1969) The Three Arrows; The Servants and the Snow (1972)[36] The Servants (1980) Acastos: Two Platonic Dialogues (1986) The Black Prince (1987) Poetry collections A Year of Birds (1978; revised edition, 1984) Poems by Iris Murdoch (1997) Source: Centre for Iris Murdoch Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Kingston University References[edit] ^ (5 January 2008). "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945". Archived from the original on 25 April 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2010.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link). The Times. Archived on 25 April 2011. Retrieved on 18 June 2012. ^ Meyers, Jeffrey (2013). Remembering Iris Murdoch: Letters and Interviews. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781137352415. Archived from the original on 7 February 2018. Retrieved 1 June 2015. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Conradi, Peter J. (2001). Iris Murdoch : A Life. New York: Norton. ISBN 0393048756. ^ a b Wilson, A. N. (2003). Iris Murdoch as I knew her. London: Hutchinson. ISBN 9780091742461. ^ Susan, Brown; Patricia, Clements; Isobel, Grundy. "Iris Murdoch". Orlando: Women's Writing in the British Isles from the Beginnings to the Present. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 15 October 2018. ^ Somerville College. "Iris Murdoch". Somerville Stories. Archived from the original on 23 June 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2012. ^ a b Conradi, Peter J. (2004). "Murdoch, Dame (Jean) Iris (1919–1999)" ((subscription or UK public library membership required)). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/71228. ^ Ann Wroe (31 January 2015). "Of literature and love". The Economist. Archived from the original on 7 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015. Sex did not feature much... ^ Archer, Graeme (23 January 2015). "The secrets of Iris Murdoch and John Bayley's unconventional marriage". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2015. ^ "Honorary Graduates 1989 to present | University of Bath". Bath.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 17 July 2010. Retrieved 29 August 2013. ^ [1] Archived 1 February 2013 at the Wayback Machine ^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter M" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2014. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) ^ a b Nussbaum, Martha C. (31 December 2001). "When she was good". New Republic. 225: 28–34. ^ Broackes, Justin. (2012). "Introduction". Iris Murdoch, philosopher: a collection of essays. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-928990-5. Archived from the original on 26 November 2015. ^ Broackes, Justin (2011). "Introduction," Iris Murdoch, Philosopher. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199289905. ^ Murdoch, Iris (2001). The Sovereignty of Good. London New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415253994. ^ Murdoch, Iris (1997). "The Idea of Perfection". In Peter Conradi (ed.). Existentialists and Mystics: Writings on Philosophy and Literature. London: Chatto & Windus. ISBN 0701166290. ^ "Golden Pen Award, official website". English PEN. Archived from the original on 21 November 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012. ^ Bloom, Harold (12 January 1986). "A comedy of worldly salvation". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 November 2020. ^ Stout, Mira (26 May 1991). "What Possessed A.S. Byatt?". The New York Times. Retrieved 1 November 2020. ^ Wood, James (2018). How Fiction Works (2nd ed.). New York: Picador. pp. 113–114. ^ Jordison, Sam (11 February 2009). "Booker club: The Sea, the Sea". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 November 2020. ^ Todd, Richard (1984). Iris Murdoch. London: Methuen. ISBN 0416354203. Here, like many other intellectuals in the 1930s, she became a member of the Communist Party; she later resigned in disillusion, but remained for a long time close to the Left. ^ Meyers, Jeffrey (Summer 1990). "Iris Murdoch: The Art of Fiction No. 117". Paris Review (115): 206–224. Archived from the original on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 20 June 2012. But it was just as well, in a way, to have seen the inside of Marxism because then one realizes how strong and how awful it is, certainly in its organized form. ^ Brown, Mark (31 August 2012). "Iris Murdoch Letters Reveal Love for Close Friend Philippa Foot". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2012. ^ Updike, John (1 October 2001). "Young Iris". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2015. ^ Centre for Iris Murdoch Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Archived 17 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine Kingston University, Retrieved 9 April 2011. ^ Strawson, Galen (6 September 2003). "Telling Tales". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 May 2007. Retrieved 19 June 2012. ^ "With Love and Rage: A Friendship with Iris Murdoch". Kingston University London. Archived from the original on 16 July 2014. Retrieved 24 November 2014. ^ Roberts, Laura (7 March 2010). "Dame Iris Murdoch letters reveal secret love affair". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2015. ^ Schudel, Matt (21 January 2015). "John Bayley, who stirred controversy with his intimate memoir of his wife, dies at 89". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015. ^ Iris Murdoch – A Centenary Celebration www.sabrestormfiction.com, accessed 31 October 2020 ^ BBC Radio 4 Archived 24 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine ^ "Rebel Republic IMDb". IMDb. ^ Murdoch, Iris (1989). The servants and the snow; The three arrows; The black prince : three plays. London: Chatto & Windus. p. 302. ISBN 9780701135904. Sources[edit] Antonaccio, Maria (2000) Picturing the human: the moral thought of Iris Murdoch OUP. ISBN 0-19-516660-4 Bayley, John (1999) Elegy for Iris. Picador. ISBN 0-312-25382-6 Bayley, John (1998 ) Iris: A Memoir of Iris Murdoch. Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd. ISBN 0-7156-2848-8 Bayley, John (1999) Iris and Her Friends: A Memoir of Memory and Desire. W. W. Norton & Company ISBN 0-393-32079-0 Bove, Cheryl (1993) Understanding Iris Murdoch. Columbia, University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 087249876X. Byatt. A.S. (1965) Degrees of Freedom: The Early Novels of Iris Murdoch. Chatto & Windus Conradi, P.J. (2001) Iris Murdoch: A Life. W. W. Norton & Company ISBN 0-393-04875-6 Conradi, P.J. (foreword by John Bayley) The Saint and the Artist. Macmillan 1986, HarperCollins 2001 ISBN 0-00-712019-2 de Melo Araújo, Sofia & Vieira, Fátima (ed.) (2011) Iris Murdoch, Philosopher Meets Novelist. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 1-4438-2883-1 Dooley, Gillian (ed.) (2003) From a Tiny Corner in the House of Fiction: Conversations With Iris Murdoch. Columbia, University of South Carolina Press ISBN 1-57003-499-0 Laverty, Megan (2007) Iris Murdoch's Ethics: A Consideration of Her Romantic Vision. Continuum Press ISBN 0-8264-8535-9 Martens, Paul. (2012) "Iris Murdoch: Kierkegaard as Existentialist, Romantic, Hegelian, and Problematically Religious" in Kierkegaard's Influence on Philosophy. Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-140-944055-0. Mauri, Margarita (ed.) (2014). Ética y literatura. Cinco novelas de Iris Murdoch. Kit-book. ISBN 978-84-942067-2-6. Monteleone, Ester (2012) Il Bene, l'individuo, la virtù. La filosofia morale di Iris Murdoch. Rome, Armando Editore. ISBN 978-88-6677-087-9 Morgan, David (2010) With Love and Rage: A Friendship with Iris Murdoch. Kingston University Press. ISBN 9781899999422 Widdows, Heather (2005) The Moral Vision of Iris Murdoch. Ashgate Press ISBN 0-7546-3625-9 Wilson, A.N. (2003) Iris Murdoch as I Knew Her. London, Hutchinson. ISBN 9780091742461 Zuba, Sonja (2009) Iris Murdoch's Contemporary Retrieval of Plato: The Influence of an Ancient Philosopher on a Modern Novelist. New York, Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 9780773438248 External links[edit] Wikiquote has quotations related to: Iris Murdoch The Iris Murdoch Research Centre at the University of Chichester, UK accessed 2020-01-10 The Iris Murdoch Building at the Dementia Services Development Centre, University of Stirling accessed 2010-02-24 The Iris Murdoch Archive, Kingston University, London accessed 2010-02-24. In 2014, the Centre was given 400 letters from Murdoch to the artist Harry Weinberger, a close friend from 1977 until her death in 1999. Review of Conradi's Murdoch biography, Guardian 8 September 2001 accessed 2010-02-24 Collated reviews of Conradi biography accessed 2010-02-24 Collated reviews of AN Wilson biography accessed 2010-02-24 A series of Iris Murdoch walks in London accessed 2010-02-24 Review of A. N. Wilson's Murdoch biography; The Guardian, 6 September 2003 accessed 2010-02-24 Review of A. N. Wilson's Murdoch biography; The Guardian, 3 September 2003 accessed 2010-02-24 Joyce Carol Oates on Iris Murdoch "Archival material relating to Iris Murdoch". UK National Archives. Search results for "Iris Murdoch" at PhilPapers Virtue Ethics at Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Portraits of Iris Murdoch at the National Portrait Gallery, London v t e Works by Iris Murdoch Novels Under the Net (1954) The Flight from the Enchanter (1956) The Sandcastle (1957) The Bell (1958) A Severed Head (1961) An Unofficial Rose (1962) The Unicorn (1963) The Italian Girl (1964) The Red and the Green (1965) The Time of the Angels (1966) The Nice and the Good (1968) Bruno's Dream (1969) A Fairly Honourable Defeat (1970) An Accidental Man (1971) The Black Prince (1973) The Sacred and Profane Love Machine (1974) A Word Child (1975) Henry and Cato (1976) The Sea, the Sea (1978) Nuns and Soldiers (1980) The Philosopher's Pupil (1983) The Good Apprentice (1985) The Book and the Brotherhood (1987) The Message to the Planet (1989) The Green Knight (1993) Jackson's Dilemma (1995) Short stories "Something Special" (1957) Plays A Severed Head (with J. B. Priestley, 1964) The Italian Girl (with James Saunders, 1969) The Three Arrows & the Servants and the Snow (1973) The Servants (1980) Acastos: Two Platonic Dialogues (1986) The Black Prince (1987) Poetry A Year of Birds (1978, rev. 1984) Poems by Iris Murdoch (1997) Philosophy Sartre: Romantic Rationalist (1953) The Sovereignty of Good (1970) The Fire and the Sun (1977) Metaphysics as a Guide to Morals (1992) Existentialists and Mystics (1997) v t e Recipients of the Booker Prize List of winners and shortlisted authors The Best of the Booker The Golden Man Booker International Booker Prize 1969– 1979 1969: P. H. Newby (Something to Answer For) 1970: Bernice Rubens (The Elected Member) 1970 Lost Prize: J. G. Farrell (Troubles) 1971: V. S. Naipaul (In a Free State) 1972: John Berger (G.) 1973: J. G. Farrell (The Siege of Krishnapur) 1974: Nadine Gordimer (The Conservationist) and Stanley Middleton (Holiday) 1975: Ruth Prawer Jhabvala (Heat and Dust) 1976: David Storey (Saville) 1977: Paul Scott (Staying On) 1978: Iris Murdoch (The Sea, the Sea) 1979: Penelope Fitzgerald (Offshore) 1980s 1980: William Golding (Rites of Passage) 1981: Salman Rushdie (Midnight's Children) 1982: Thomas Keneally (Schindler's Ark) 1983: J. M. Coetzee (Life & Times of Michael K) 1984: Anita Brookner (Hotel du Lac) 1985: Keri Hulme (The Bone People) 1986: Kingsley Amis (The Old Devils) 1987: Penelope Lively (Moon Tiger) 1988: Peter Carey (Oscar and Lucinda) 1989: Kazuo Ishiguro (The Remains of the Day) 1990s 1990: A. S. Byatt (Possession) 1991: Ben Okri (The Famished Road) 1992: Michael Ondaatje (The English Patient) and Barry Unsworth (Sacred Hunger) 1993: Roddy Doyle (Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha) 1994: James Kelman (How Late It Was, How Late) 1995: Pat Barker (The Ghost Road) 1996: Graham Swift (Last Orders) 1997: Arundhati Roy (The God of Small Things) 1998: Ian McEwan (Amsterdam) 1999: J. M. Coetzee (Disgrace) 2000s 2000: Margaret Atwood (The Blind Assassin) 2001: Peter Carey (True History of the Kelly Gang) 2002: Yann Martel (Life of Pi) 2003: DBC Pierre (Vernon God Little) 2004: Alan Hollinghurst (The Line of Beauty) 2005: John Banville (The Sea) 2006: Kiran Desai (The Inheritance of Loss) 2007: Anne Enright (The Gathering) 2008: Aravind Adiga (The White Tiger) 2009: Hilary Mantel (Wolf Hall) 2010s 2010: Howard Jacobson (The Finkler Question) 2011: Julian Barnes (The Sense of an Ending) 2012: Hilary Mantel (Bring Up the Bodies) 2013: Eleanor Catton (The Luminaries) 2014: Richard Flanagan (The Narrow Road to the Deep North) 2015: Marlon James (A Brief History of Seven Killings) 2016: Paul Beatty (The Sellout) 2017: George Saunders (Lincoln in the Bardo) 2018: Anna Burns (Milkman) 2019: Margaret Atwood (The Testaments) and Bernardine Evaristo (Girl, Woman, Other) 2020s 2020: Douglas Stuart (Shuggie Bain) Authority control BIBSYS: 90057894 BNE: XX1062858 BNF: cb11917259z (data) CANTIC: a10127963 CiNii: DA00415196 GND: 118585835 ICCU: IT\ICCU\CFIV\023576 ISNI: 0000 0001 1507 1934 LCCN: n80013587 LNB: 000005687 MBA: f4958f9e-2ec7-41a9-b6d7-db6f2d4ef22f NDL: 00450833 NKC: jn19981001872 NLA: 35416349 NLG: 62134 NLI: 000096406 NLK: KAC199619646 NLP: A11813143 NSK: 000013727 NTA: 068935757 PLWABN: 9810610427905606 RERO: 02-A003619299 SELIBR: 208750 SNAC: w6tx7nv9 SUDOC: 027511898 Trove: 944988 VIAF: 89499452 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n80013587 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Iris_Murdoch&oldid=997356262" Categories: 1919 births 1999 deaths 20th-century atheists 20th-century British dramatists and playwrights 20th-century British non-fiction writers 20th-century British philosophers 20th-century British poets 20th-century English women writers 20th-century English novelists 20th-century English philosophers 20th-century English poets 20th-century English writers 20th-century Irish dramatists and playwrights 20th-century Irish non-fiction writers 20th-century Irish novelists 20th-century Irish philosophers 20th-century Irish poets 20th-century Irish women writers 20th-century Irish writers 20th-century poets Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge Alumni of Somerville College, Oxford Analytic philosophers Atheist philosophers Booker Prize winners British atheists British dramatists and playwrights British ethicists British people of Irish descent British poets British socialists British women dramatists and playwrights British women non-fiction writers British women novelists British women philosophers British women poets Communist Party of Great Britain members Contemporary philosophers Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire Deaths from Alzheimer's disease English atheists English dramatists and playwrights English people of Irish descent English philosophers English poets English socialists English women dramatists and playwrights English women non-fiction writers English women novelists English women philosophers English women poets Fellows of St Anne's College, Oxford Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Historians of philosophy Irish atheists Irish dramatists and playwrights Irish ethicists Irish people of British descent Irish philosophers Irish poets Irish socialists Irish women dramatists and playwrights Irish women non-fiction writers Irish women novelists Irish women philosophers Irish women poets Irish women writers James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients LGBT novelists LGBT poets LGBT writers from England Moral philosophers People educated at Badminton School People from Dublin (city) Philosophers of culture Philosophers of ethics and morality Philosophers of history Philosophers of literature Philosophy writers Platonists Virtue ethicists Honorary Degree Recipients of the University of London Hidden categories: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown Webarchive template wayback links CS1 maint: archived copy as title Articles with short 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Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge Galego 한국어 Հայերեն Íslenska Italiano עברית ქართული Қазақша Latina Latviešu Magyar मराठी Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Polski Português Română Runa Simi Русский Simple English Slovenščina Српски / srpski Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska ไทย Türkçe Українська Yorùbá 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 31 December 2020, at 03:29 (UTC). 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