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===Jacobean period (1603–1625)===
==== Drama ====
In the early 17th century Shakespeare wrote the so-called "[[Shakespearean problem play|problem plays]]", as well as a number of his best known [[Shakespearean tragedy|tragedies]], including ''[[Macbeth]]'' and ''[[King Lear]]''.[{{Harvnb|Bradley|1991|loc=85}}; {{Harvnb|Muir|2005|loc=12–16}}.] In his final period, Shakespeare turned to [[Shakespeare's late romances|romance]] or [[tragicomedy]] and completed three more major plays, including ''[[The Tempest]]''. Less bleak than the tragedies, these four plays are graver in tone than the comedies of the 1590s, but they end with reconciliation and the forgiveness of potentially tragic errors.[{{Harvnb|Dowden|1881|loc=57}}.]
After Shakespeare's death, the poet and dramatist [[Ben Jonson]] (1572–1637) was the leading literary figure of the [[Jacobean era]]. Jonson's aesthetics hark back to the Middle Ages and his characters embody the [[Humours|theory of humours]], which was based on contemporary medical theory.["Ben Jonson." ''Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online Academic Edition''. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 20 September 2012. Jonson's comedies include ''[[Volpone]]'' (1605 or 1606) and ''[[Bartholomew Fair (play)|Bartholomew Fair]]'' (1614). Others who followed Jonson's style include [[Beaumont and Fletcher]], who wrote the popular comedy, ''[[The Knight of the Burning Pestle]]'' (probably 1607–08), a satire of the rising middle class.][''The Oxford Companion to English Literature'' (1996). p. 546.]
Another popular style of theatre during Jacobean times was the [[revenge play]], which was popularized in the Elizabethan era by [[Thomas Kyd]] (1558–1594), and then further developed later by [[John Webster]] (?1578–?1632), ''[[The White Devil]]'' (1612) and ''[[The Duchess of Malfi]]'' (1613). Other revenge tragedies include ''[[The Changeling (play)|The Changeling]]'' written by [[Thomas Middleton]] and [[William Rowley]].["Revenge Tragedy" in ''A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory'', ed. JA Cuddon (London: Penguin Books, 1999), pp. 744–46.]
==== Poetry ====
[[George Chapman]] (c. 1559 – c. 1634) is remembered chiefly for his famous translation in 1616 of [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]'' and ''[[Odyssey]]'' into English verse.[''Chapman's Homer: The Iliad''. Ed. Allardyce Nicoll. Bollingen Series 41. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1998; ''Chapman's Homer: The Odyssey''. Ed. Allardyce Nicoll. Bollingen Series 41. Princeton: Princeton UP, 2000.] This was the first ever complete translations of either poem into the English language. The translation had a profound influence on English literature and inspired [[John Keats]]'s famous sonnet "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer" (1816).
Shakespeare popularized the [[English sonnet]], which made significant changes to [[Petrarch]]'s model. A collection of 154 by [[Shakespeare's sonnets|sonnets]], dealing with themes such as the passage of time, love, beauty and mortality, were first published in a 1609 quarto.
Besides Shakespeare and Ben Jonson, the major poets of the early 17th century included the [[Metaphysical poet]]s: [[John Donne]] (1572–1631), [[George Herbert]] (1593–1633), [[Henry Vaughan]], [[Andrew Marvell]], and [[Richard Crashaw]].[{{Citation | first = Colin | last = Burrow | contribution = Metaphysical poets (act. c. 1600 – c. 1690) | title = Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | publisher = Oxford University Press | contribution-url = http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/theme/95605 | access-date = 7 May 2012}}.] Their style was characterized by [[wit]] and metaphysical conceits, that is far-fetched or unusual similes or metaphors.[Gardner, Helen ''The Metaphysical Poets'' Penguin Books, 1957 {{ISBN|0-14-042038-X}}]
==== Prose ====
The most important prose work of the early 17th century was the [[King James Version of the Bible|King James Bible]]. This, one of the most massive translation projects in the history of English up to this time, was started in 1604 and completed in 1611. This represents the culmination of a tradition of [[English translations of the Bible|Bible translation into English]] that began with the work of [[William Tyndale]], and it became the standard [[Bible]] of the [[Church of England]].{{Sfn | Drabble | 1996 | pp = 100–01}}
Return to English literature.
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