id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt work_f26xmuormrgtvbnirsic2e5vhe Laura Dugan Threat, emboldenment, or both? The effects of political power on violent hate crimes * 2020 33 .pdf application/pdf 14196 1157 48 predict an increase in violent hate crimes both during times of increased political power for specific marginalized groups (political threat) and during times of political retrogression for such Americans were more vulnerable to hate crimes motivated by political threat, and Latinx people opposing African American and Latinx persons elicits increases in hate crimes from the dominant group. second control variable is included because only those participating agencies that submit incident reports (rather than zero reports) can influence the numerator in the violent hate crime actions (AGAs) on the violent hate crime rate against the specified group (VHCR) while estimating the effects of the same series of lagged variables on each type of government action. civil rights groups is negatively, not positively, related to violent hate crimes for Black people. Latinx victims of violent hate crime would increase their reporting to police when the political ./cache/work_f26xmuormrgtvbnirsic2e5vhe.pdf ./txt/work_f26xmuormrgtvbnirsic2e5vhe.txt