id author title date pages extension mime words sentences flesch summary cache txt work_z57f5ldnk5ctfbwnm5btutdbsy Robert J. Cramer An examination of sexual orientation- and transgender-based hate crimes in the post-Matthew Shepard era 2013 14 .pdf application/pdf 14216 2289 67 Although the HCPA includes protection for transgender individuals, juror perception of hate crime research has yet to take this the impact of jury instructions, hate crime law penalty enhancement agreement, and victim type on sentencing and blame outcomes across two studies (see Research Questions 1 to 3). first study, NFA is examined as an individual difference moderating perceptions of hate crimes (see Research Question 4), instructions, hate crime penalty enhancement agreement, and victim type (i.e., African American, gay or transgender) on sentencing (c) Perpetrator blame ratings by hate crime penalty enhancement agreement and jury instructions for Study 1. jury-eligible individuals' agreement with hate crime penalty enhancement impacts, either directly or via moderating effects, sentencing recommendations, perceptions of victim blame, and (a) Sentencing recommendations by hate crime penalty enhancement agreement and jury instructions for Study 2. (a) Sentencing recommendations by hate crime penalty enhancement agreement and jury instructions for Study 2. ./cache/work_z57f5ldnk5ctfbwnm5btutdbsy.pdf ./txt/work_z57f5ldnk5ctfbwnm5btutdbsy.txt