IN MEMORIAM: LAWRENCE KILHAM, 1910–2000 October 2001] in Memoriam 1031 Team," in Flyways: Pioneering Waterfowl Man- agement in North America (1984, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). In closing (p. 129), he fittingly states, "judging from my own career, I believe that wildlife biologists are among the happiest people to be found, especially if they have a wife who is also a biologist and shares their ad- ventures in the field." The Auk 118(4):1031-1033, 2001 IN MEMORIAM: LAWRENCE KILHAM, 1910-2000 JEROME A. JACKSON Whitaker Center, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Ft. Myers, Florida 33965, USA Lawrence Kilham died at his home in Lyme, New Hampshire, on 21 September 2000. Born 10 August 1910 in Brookline, Massachusetts, Lawrence grew up in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. He graduated from Harvard Uni- versity with a bachelor's degree in history and literature in 1932, earned a rnaster's degree in biology from Harvard in 1935, and an M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1940. While serving as an intern in Cleveland, Ohio, he met his wife, Jane, a fellow intern. Both went to Eng- land early in World War II, and Lawrence served in field hospitals under General George Patton. After leaving the Army in 1945, Lawrence returned to graduate school doing virology research and teaching epidemiology. From 1949 to 1960, he worked as a research vi- rologist. He joined the faculty at Dartmouth Medical School in 1961, where he remained un- til he retired in 1978. Lawrence Kilham was widely recognized for his research with viruses and infectious diseas- es, publishing nearly 150 articles and discover- ing a new group of viruses with single-stranded DNA. At first his interest in birds was recrea- tional, stemming from a lifelong quest for soli- tude and nature that led him to identify with Henry David Thoreau and to seek wild places. After his marriage, his wife Jane shared his quests and often illustrated his articles and books; to better learn from nature, they went their own ways in the field, coming back togeth- er every few hours to share their observations. By the early 1950s, Lawrence was serious about birds, joining both the AOU and the Wil- son Ornithological Society in 1952. It was while doing viral research in Uganda in 1954-1955, that he developed a research interest in bird be- havior. From that point on, his work with the be- havior of birds and mammals, an avocation, be- came a passion that led to more than 90 publications in the ornithological and behavior- al literature. I suspect that for him, the joy of birds relieved the pressures of teaching and lab- oratory work. For his ornithological contribu- tions, he was made an Elective Member of the AOU in 1962, and a Fellow in 1974. Truly Lawrence Kilham successfully lived two out- standing careers in science! In addition to his journal articles, he pub- lished four books relating to his studies of na- ture: Never Enough of Nature (1977, Droll Yan- kees Inc., Foster, Rhode Island); On Watching Birds (1979, Chelsea Green Publishing Com- pany, Chelsea, Vermont), reissued as A Nat- uralistk Field Guide (1981, Stackpole Books, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania); Life History Stud- ies of Woodpeckers of Eastern North America (1983, Publications of the Nuttall Ornitholog- ical Club, no. 20); and The American Crow and the Common Raven (1989, Texas A & M Uni- versity Press, College Station, Texas). For On Watching Birds he was awarded the John Bur- roughs Medal for outstanding nature writing in 1988. Although he studied a great diversity of birds, Lawrence Kilham is best known for his work with woodpeckers. Indeed, it is difficult to find a major study on the behavioral ecology of woodpeckers that was not influenced by Kil- ham's work. Much ornithological research to- day is problem oriented; some remain species oriented; his work was often individual orient- ed! His research was not couched in systematic 1032 In Memoriam [Auk, Vol. 118 LAWRENCE K•LHA M, 1910--2000 (Lawrence Kilham preparing to feed an injured Great Horned Owl in the late 1960s. Photograph courtesy of his son, Benjamin Kilham.) October 2001] In Memoriam 1033 sampling with large sample sizes, sophisticat- ed statistical analyses, and results discussed in terms of probabilities and accepted or rejected hypotheses. His was long, careful observation of the behavioral ecology of individuals unfet- tered by bird bands and the potential negative reaction to the observer who had captured them. His was the insight that can only come from living with a bird day after day--both lit- erally, such as his successful breeding of wood- peckers in captivity, and figuratively in terms of his patient, silent rendezvous with wild birds in their natural habitats on their terms. To be sure, hypothesis testing, experimenta- tion, modern statistical analyses, and computer modeling contribute much to our understand- ing of bird biology. But in our rush to "do" sci- ence, we all too often lose sight of the first step of the scientific method: to observe. Lawrence Kilham took that first step that has allowed so many others to climb higher. Although he for- mally mentored no graduate students in orni- thology, I considered him a de facto mentor and recommend his philosophy, as described in On Watching Birds, to those who wish to under- stand nature. Goethe believed that a good book can only be understood by one who has some- thing personal to contribute; in essence, Kil- ham viewed nature as a book to be read and felt that those who personally experience nature can best understand it. Observe first. Then build on those observations; with personal ex- perience, books and journal articles become more meaningful. Lawrence Kilham outlived his wife, Jane, and a son, Peter. He is survived by three sons, Ben- jamin, Michael, and Joshua, and a daughter, Phoebe. The Auk 118(4):1033-1034, 2001 IN MEMORIAM: PHILLIPS B. STREET, 1914-2000 JEROME A. JACKSON Whitaker Center, College of Arts and Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Boulevard South, Ft. Myers, Florida 33965, USA Phillips B. Street died at Pocono Lake, Pre- serve, Pennsylvania, on 5 August 2000; he was born in Beverly, New Jersey, on 28 October 1914. His father, J. Fletcher Street, an architect by profession and ornithologist by avocation, encouraged his interest; Phil became en- thralled with birds at an early age. He earned a bachelor's degree in Ornithology under Ar- thur Allen from Cornell University in 1935. Lacking the funds to go on to graduate school, Phil went to work in the investment business and made that his career. He joined the U.S. Navy in 1941, served in the South Pacific during World War II, and retired from the Navy as a Commander in 1945. On leaving military service, Phil worked in investment banking, retiring in 1979 as Vice President of First Boston Corporation. He later became an investment consultant. Significant- ly, Phil put his investment expertise to work for ornithology. He had become acquainted with George Sutton while both were at Cornell, and Sutton encouraged Phil's involvement with the Wilson Ornithological Society (WOS). Phil served the WOS as Secretary from 1952 to 1955, Vice President, then as President from 1962 to 1964. Throughout his involvement with the WOS, but especially following his term as Pres- ident, Phil guided the Endowment Committee in their investments. He rarely missed a Coun- cil Meeting and the Wilson Council was always eager for his insight and guidance. Phil's efforts as an Investing Trustee contributed greatly to the growth in the Wilson endowment from un- der $40,000 in 1964 to more than $1,000,000 in 2000. Phil joined the AOU in 1946 and became an Elective Member in 1952. He also shared his investment expertise with the AOU and with the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology as an investment trustee. From 1961 to 1967, he served on the Board of Directors of the Na- tional Audubon Society. At the local level, Phil served the Delaware Valley Ornithological Club (DVOC) as Secretary (1949-1951), Vice