.*-*=- ::！！！！！！！！！-------- *******************************************~~------------…, |-|---|-***************~*=~~~~ -.…….|-- - -* - , !-- -|-·----- ---- _- - - -~）;****************** ----|--|-|-|-··|------ -|- -|-|-· -- ~· -|-----…|----------|- |------ · ·|-|-|---------|-|- *---- ------- - -|-- -• .|- · · -----|-|-- --· ----|--|-· · · · · ··, ， ,---- |-， - .·|-|-.|-----~）. · · ·• |-· · ·----- "*|-|-|-|-|-----|-- - -- - |-| -|-|-|- ----|-- |----- ,·|--· *|- , ！|-- -----|--|-·|-|-|-|-* _ ·-· |-|--|--|--· ·---- · - ' .-！|---------* … ！- -_ _ -----·|-|-·--------|-|- |-|- |- |- |-|- -|-|-|-|-----|-· · ·|-· · - |-|--|-|------ -- ,|- ----|-----|-|-----|-·|- • • • • •. . . . ^）· , ！* .|-- -<* ,- - |-|-|-·-| --- ----|- |-|- |-|- |-- *（）.|-|----------|-----· ·- - ------！ |-- --|----- |-|-|-.*|-|- -|- ----|- |-··|-|-|-;：|--· · -- *|-|- |-----|---|-----|- |-- - - ------|-*----|- --------|-· -----, -， ، ، ،|-|- --|------|-----|- |--|-- *， ---|- ---- |-|-|-|-· · -|-|---|-|-. --|- |-----* ,·|----|------ （ = ！--.*（ ---· · · · · ·~ ~~-- _- .|-|-- -- |-* . （ ）|-|- |- ~~~~ ----+ *（---- * *， -（-ae-） ：-） -----+---，-，-，-，-'-，---- - ------ - -|- ·|-· · --* -：|-|- |-|-|-.*|- |-* . *· · ·， ，- -• • •----|- +|- |-|-→ · ----|-- , ！|-- -- （ ）|-·|-• ! "|-· · · ----- ~~ ~ || …|-- , ：- -· -|-----|-|-·- - -|-|-·-|- ·---- - -|-|-|-！1 -|-----|-- - |- -|--|-·----- - - -·|-|------ - |-- ·|-|-|- --------|-|-… ---|- -- - -----|-|-|-… ：） --------~ ！---- |-- |-|----- -- ！ ！ ！ ！ ！|-|-ſł ） ---- - ---------·|-|- ----|-|--·----|-|- -|-|- |-|-• !----|--|-|--------|- |-|- |-* .|-|- |-+ ·----, -|- '-|-|-|-→ ·|-|-|-- - ----|-|- |-：|-|- |-• • • .- - |- |-|-|-|-|----- |-----|-|- - -|-|-|- --|- • • •--------- --_■ *-|- |-|-----… -！ -|- ----* - -|-！ -！ -· ·|-， ， ， ，·|-|-|- ... -----|----- ----- - - |-|- ----|-----' … |-|-- ----- ,---- ---"|- |-|-|-|- ！（, ， ，|-… --|- |-|-|-- -· · · · ·------ -*- --------|-|- ----· ·|- |------ -* - ） ;"… ~ ！----*.|- |- ----. -|-→----- ）· ----|--|-|- ----* ·|- -|--· ·· · · · · *|-----* … |------|-|-- --|- - -·|- |-----|-·---- |-|-|- |-~|-·|-- - |-|-·º , - - -|-·|- -----|-|- -|-·« （ ）|-- |-|-·|-… * * . .|-- -----|-|-|-|-！|- |-|-|- |-- （） |-|-*， ，|-|-！--* |-·- -|------· · -|- |-：: - | -|-|-- - -|-----·|-~ ！* …-· ·---- · ----… ！----|- - -|--------- |-|- ·|-- - - -- , ，· · -|- |-----！！！！！！！！！！！！--************~*=~|-·-----|-- - -•• • • •- ,|-|-• ~ ~ ~ ~）： ： - - .….… ----------- "*.* （ ）----- ·- …|-~ ！, -- - -！ 4-- ----• • •|-- -----, ，|-|--|--· ·|- - -|------|-- -* -----|-* .-------- |-| ~ ~ . |-----|-*： - （ ）,-|-|-- - -|-·|-·---- -· º -|-|- · · · · · ·* -|-------·--|-----|----- *- ---- |-|-|-* .|- ： ·|- |-|-- -|-|----- ^- |-|-：|------ --------- ·- - -·-|-|- |-· ·|-|-|--,- -|-|-|---|-|-|-|-|- |- • ， ，|-， ，|-…----|-|-|-|-- ！··|- |-----·|-|--|-~~~~ ·|-|-|-|-|- * , ,*.-----|--, ，----， ,|----- |---： -----|- --|-|- |---- .·|-- -----|-|-|-|-|-·* … |-----:--------- |-|-, -， ，|-|- |-|-|-|-|----- |-·-|-*---- |-~ ~ ~ ~----… • --------- -·-... * *----* …|- |-|- |- |-！ 7|------|-|-|- ！|-|--|--' ， ！|-|-|×, ，|-！* … |-------------|！ -- - ~-|- ----- |-· |-|-----• ¶|-|-·|-|--·|-- ： *|- º ： · · · · · · ·-- ----|-, ！, - - - - - ------· · · · · · -·' ,|-|- |-* -* ， ,------- - -|-- -|-， ！ |------ -|-• • •|-·|-----... ------··-·-·|-|-· · * * * （ ）- - -|-• • • • •, ！-·----*- - …*， ， , .- ----|- , ----- ---------|-|-- -,|-- ， ：|----- * -|-| -|- -|-|-|----------！ -• .·|-|-----|- |-·---- , ！•* * …|---------|-|- -- … *|- |---· · · · -|- |-·|-- |----- -----|-|- · · -， ,----|-r. . . ----|- -|-·|--|--*- |-|-·|-·-|- |- -- |-|--·, ，----· ----- -| . "----- |-* ：----|----- |-----|- -|-|- |-- - THE FAR EAST. AN ILLUSTRATED FORTNIGHTLY NEWSPAPERS VOL. I YOKOHAMA May 30, 1870 to May 16, 1871 -- by YUSHODO BOOKSELLERS LTD. Tokyo, 1965 s bº- g; TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS V O L. I Kanasawa. - The Tea House. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 — I Cango. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 2 Daibutz, Kamakura, Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 4 British Garrison Parade Ground, on the Bluff, Yokohama, during the Athletic Games, May 4th, 1870. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 5 The C Matsuri - The Crowd. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 7 The Car of Tenshio Daijin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – 7 The Custom House Sheds, Yokohama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 — I Temples at Kamakura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 — 2 Officer’s Mess Room, British Camp, Yokohama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 4 Group of Temples, Kamakura, Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 5 Up the River, Shanghai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 – 7 Hongque Bridge, and H. B. M’.s Consulate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 – 7 The First Bridge, Yokohama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 — I Japanese CarPenters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 — 2 The Burial place of the Tycoons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 — 4 Beyond Odawara. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – 5 The Temple of Dzu Djiau Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 — 7 Country Shop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 1 The Campanile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 2 Satsuma’s Band. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 4 The U. S. Minister’s Residence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 – 5 The Kuruma. . . . . . . . . . . . * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 – 7 A Bluff Residence. . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 — I Midziya, or Water Coolie. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 2 Up-river View of Oungoura - from above Tana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 - 4 The English Minister’s Residence on the Bluff, Yokohama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 5 Taking to the Canoes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 7 Atsungi - Coyama in the Distance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 – 7 The Steamer “City of Yedo," as she now lies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – 1 Hostess, children and servants, in the garden of the Hotel, Tana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 2 Temples at Kamakura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 4 The Yedo Hotel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 5 Tana from the Hills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – 7 View from the Tana Hotel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 – 7 Japanese Garden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 — I Japanese Farm-labouring Woman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 2 The Yokohama Anchorage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 - 4 The French Legation, Yokohama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 5 The Temple of Giuni-Ten Homoco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 – 7 Mandarin Bluff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 1 A Friendly Visit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 2 The Foreign Cemetery, Yokohama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 4 Homura, looking South. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 - 5 The Rifle Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 – 7 View of Nagasaki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 1 Mendicant Nuns - (O Biku San). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 2 The French Barracks, Yokohama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 4 Takao, Formosa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 – 5 Nagasaki Dry Dock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 – 7 Satsuma’s Summer Palace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 1 Temple in Prince Satsuma's Garden. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2 Yokohama, from Noge Hill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10T 4 The International Hotel, Yokohama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-5 Nagasaki Harbour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7 Satsuma’s Cotton Mill, Kagosima. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 - 1 Tea-house Moosmies, Nigishi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2 On the new road, Nigishi, from the Beach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 T4 Nigishi, from the Hill, Mississippi Bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5 At Kagosima. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-7 Homoco Valley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12- 1 Satsuma's Factory, Kagosima. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12–2 The Grand Stand, Yokohama Race Course. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-4 Tea House at Nigishi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12- 5 The Race Course. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-7 Little Fusiyama, Simoda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13- 1 Unfinished Lighthouse, Cape Sagami. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 2 The First American Minister’s Residence, Kakasaki, Simoda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 4 Rock Island Lighthouse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 - 5 Simoda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 13 – 7 Simoda Harbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 1 Kakisaki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 - 2 Junk under repair, Simoda. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 T 4 The Gaiety. Theatre, Yokohama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 T 5 The Butcheries, Homoco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-7 The Eastern Bluff, Yokohama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15 – 1 Homoco Beach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 – 2 Kanagawa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-4 The Masonic Hall, Yokohama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15–5 From the Ruined Guard House, overlooking Homoco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15–7 Entrance to the River Sumida, Yedo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 — I The Saibansho, Yedo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16–2 Yedo, from Atago Yama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16–4 Asakusa, Yedo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16–5 The first houses on the Foreign settlement, Yedo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16–7 The approach to Shiba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 — I A Fire tower, Yedo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 – 2 Yoshida Iron Bridge, Yokohama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17–4 The Porch of Quannon Sama at Asakusa, Yedo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17–5 The Grand Gateway, Shiba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17–7 The Bund, looking East from French Hatoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 — I Village Scene: - The Pack Horse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 – 2 The Saibansho, Yokohama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-4 The United States Consulate, Yokohama. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18–5 A Village Street. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18–7 New Year’s Street Stall. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 19 — I New Year’s Street Stalls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 – 2 The Japanese Prison, Tobe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 — 4 Temple Ganjo-ji, Tobe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19–5 (The Ainos), 3 pictures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19–7 Kitagata no Amanome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 — I Comeya no Tskiba, or Rice Mortar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 – 2 The Oosima Lighthouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20–4 Temple of Wada no Misaki, Hiogo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20–5 Miokodji Yato. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . > x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20–7 Ishi-hashi, Cosima. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 — I The Bar, Osaka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 – 2 Temple of Honde-idji, Nagasaki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 — 4 The North-German Legation, Benten. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 – 5 Unfinished Lighthouse, Siwo-misaki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 – 7 The Bund, Kobe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 – 1 Koshi-moto, Oosima. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 – 2 Simonoseki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … 22-4 Hiogo, from the Hatoba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 – 5 At Simonoseki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22–7 At Nagasaki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 — I A Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23–2 The Mint, Csaka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 — 4 The Iron Bridge, Osaka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23–5 The Yokoska Naval Dock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23–7 The Court Yard, Fujisawa Dera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 — I O Shishi, Street Tumblers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 – 2 At Nagasaki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-4 The Pagoda at Shi Tenwoji, Osaka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 – 5 The Japanese Engineering Factory. Akenoura, Nagasaki. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 – 7 THE FAR EAST. AN II, I,USTRATKO || 0&T NIGHTLY NEWSPAPER, [Wol. I, No. I. YOKOHAMA, MONDAY, MAY, 30TH, 1870. [SINGLE Copy $1.00] º SIA, with its numerous races and shades of character, i although tritely and, truly honoured with the title § of the “cradle of civilization,” presents at this day so many varieties of this great principle, and generally so different from everything that now obtains in Europe, that it continues to command the engrossing interest of more advanced peoples. It contains almost every state of civil polity within the two extremes. It does not possess the wild savage as found in Australia and portions of the American Continent, nor has it the amount of learning and scientific attainment, which places Europe and the United States on so high a pinnacle; but between these extremes, all degrees of progress may be observed; each with its own title to attention. The characteristics of Asiatics, too, are as various as their civilization. The Bengalee meek, submissive and even cring- ing. The Malay hot-blooded and revengeful. The Chinaman quiet, plodding and mercenary. The Japanese quick, high- spirited and chivalrous. All have their own degree of bravery. But the Indian requires a leader, the Japanese would lead. The Chinaman imagines there is no learning, no science in the world that can improve his condition, or equal that of his coun- try; the Japanese sees promptly how far he has been in the back- ground, and is nervously eager to be taught. But the China- man who consents to learn goes in for mastering his subject, whilst the Japanese, directly he has “an inkling of knowledge,” is impatient of restraint and fancies he has all. Thus although there is much in the Japanese character that is captivating, there is also much that may, and often does, lead him into difficulties. Yet among all the races of the Far East, there is none approaching so nearly to the most civilized; nor any who will so rapidly acquire an equality with them, as the Japanese. But there are points about them which still more impress the foreigner in Japan. The fact, that what we found them in 1859 the Portuguese Missionaries described them to be in 1550 and in all probability they had been for centuries preced- ing, evidences the anti-progressive nature of feudalism when left to itself; and those who carry back their reminiscences of them, even in Yokohama, only some five or six years, saw them as to dress and habits as they may have been before the days of ~! KANASAwa.—THE TEA House. TIEHCIE IF A-1ER, IE_A_ST_ 3 plenty within an easy ride of Yokohama that in point of rug- ged grandeur may be mentioned side by side with Switzerland itself. Equestrians and oedestrians alike may go in any direc- tion they please and find themselves well repaid for whatever fatigue they undergo; for it is not easy to find any portion of the country that is not more or less charming to the eye. . The most frequented route taken by visitors to Yokohama, who seek to see all that is to be seen in a short time, is by Ka- nasawa to Kamakura and Daibutsz. In this our opening number, we present two pictures of this excursion—one of the great bronze idol of Buddha at Kamakura, known by the name of Dai Butsz—the great Buddha; and the other, the most fre- quented tea house or native hotel at Kanasawa, situate on the shore of Goldsborough Inlet, at a distance of about ten miles from Yokohama, and seven from Daibutsz; forming an agreeable halting place en route, and generally availed of by foreigners who give more than one day to the jaunt as their sleeping place. About the middle of the 12th century was born Yoritomo, the greatest of Japanese heroes. He made Kamakura, the place at which he had fixed his residence from aa early age, the eastern capital of the empire; causing it to assume much the same position that Tokio (Yedo) does now; —but the great idol was set up long before his day. We are told that one of the effects of the introduction of Buddhism into Japan, which took place at the beginning of the seventh century, was, that the sovereigns were content to abdicate after very short reigns. Dickson says: “This led to the successive appointments of mere children as em- perors. The ages at which several of the emperors, over a lengthened period ascended the throne, tended to rednce the position of emperor to a name, and to throw the entire power into the hands of the Ministers. The system began immediately after the iutroduction of Buddhism at court, and the minds of the boys and women who successively were nominal sovereigns of Japan were directed to the study of books of the religion, to the erection of magnificent temples, and to the manufacture of enormous idols and bells. In a note he adds:— Such as the enormous copper figures of Buddha at Narra, Kamakura, and Miako. Kamakura is now an unimportant village with only a few relics of its former splendour. Its natural position is pretty, without being striking. In addition to the great figure we have photographed, there is the plain unpretending tomb of Yoritomo; and besides some temples of less note there is the grand collection of temples the principal of which is dedicated to Hatchiman-sama, the son of the Empress Jinko Kozoo, who is worshipped throughout the empire as the god of war. A general view of this group of temples will be given in our next 1SSue. The figure of Daibutsz is about forty-five feet high, and it is said to have been originally covered by a magnificent temple, the stones of whose foundations are still seen. Tradition has it that it was destroyed during a great earthquake, by an incursion of the sea which swept away everything but the foundation stones and the idol itself. The interior of the figure is availed of as a shrine, and visi- tors generally enter it. The manner in which the great sheets of copper are welded together is better seen here than outside. But, sad to tell, the walls are at this day covered with the names of foreigners of all nations, who have thus abused the privilege so freely accorded them. In the raid the government of the Mikado is maki ng on Buddhism at the present time, many fine old monuments of the faith are disappearing. Amongst others, it was lately reported that this idol had been sold to a foreigner, and that it would be speedily removed and shipped to Europe as so much old metal. Without any sympathy towards idolatry, and admitting that so long as Daibutsz stands, it must command a kind of veneration from its old worshippers, we should be sorry to see it removed. It is a grand and beautiful remnant of antiquity; and as a mere work of art it is deserving of permanence; for it sits where it does, and silently but forcibly convinces the world that Japan had its artists and mechanics, and the culture their works imply, at a period when Europe was ignorant of her ex- istence. THE O MATSURI. Twº Two illustrations were taken instantaneously. The up- per one shews the crowd which occupied the streets, and the general appearance of the houses. The latter all had lanterns hung in front of them, and such as had upper floors had them thrown quite open, so that all the household and any friends who might call might see what was going on in the street. In the lower pi."ure is seen the manner in which the trium- phal cars were housed. There were about half a dozen of them, and for each ashed was erected similar to that shewn in the pic- ture. It simply consisted of scaffolding poles strongly and neatly bound together, with a good roof, and covered in at the sides and back with neat bamboo sudaris or blinds. On each side of the principal one, was a smaller one for platforms that were decorated and drawn after the large car in the procession. The figure at the top of the car shewn in the picture is the goddess TEN SHIo DALJIN, the spirit of the Sun, from whom the Imperial house is supposed to be descended. The dark disc at her back was of a blazing red colour, with long golden rays from its circumsference, to represent the midday sun. We may mention by the way that the embroidery with which the cars were hung was extremely rich; and although some of the mere walkers in the processions had but common dresses, the prin- cipal actors were very richly clad. We were informed that the dress of one of the females was valued at over $400; and secan believe it. (ſurrent 3tºm5. Cº. AT THE CAMP-On the 2nd inst a Concert was given at the Barracks to the soldiers of H.M. 1st Batt. 10th Regiment, at which. in spite of a most pitiless downpour of rain, Lady Parkes, Mrs. Norman and several ladies honoured the performers with their attendance. WISS RIFLE FETE-The Swiss residents in Yokohama are not nume- rous, but it is their custom to hold a “Tir National” in each year. to which in the most generous spirit they invite all-comers. For some rea- son the fête did not take place during 1869; but this year ample amends were made for the gap—and the fête of 1870 was the most spirited they have yet given. The principal prizes at the Pool target were won by Mr. Favre Brandt and Mr. Brennwald, both Swiss; but the two best prizes for exact firing were won by Sr*eant Brennan and Captain Fraser, both of THIE FAIR, E: A sºrº. BRITISH GARRISON PARADE GROUND, on the BLUFF, Yokoh AMA, DURING THE ATHLETIC GAMES, MAY 4TH, 1870. TETIE E'_A_LE, IE_A_ST. 7 zade the centre of a distriet of 10 ri, it was but natural to suppose that an immense number from all parts of this district would crowd to it, attracted doubly—by the curiosity to see the grandeur of the processions, end the great foreign port. The preparations had been made on a scale never before witnessed in this town. Several cars had been provided on which were borne exalted on high, figures of the Imperial ancestors, draped with rich Japanese embroidery, and hung with flowers. For these, well-built mat sheds were erected, and they had quite an imposing appearance even in the sheds. But their use was, to form the nuclei of a number of processions. They were drawn, each by three oxen, a number of musicians occupying the front and base of the car, and preceded by a long double row of pedestrians all dressed with a certain degree of uniformity, and bearing one sword of the Imperial pattern, to represent the protectors of the Mi- kadonic house, in contradistinction to the two sworded supporters of the Tycoonate. The processions were all on the same plan. First, a couple of men with the old familiar iron jingling rods, to clear the road. Then a well got up yakunin to lead the way: these were followed by little girls dressed as youths, two sworded, and then came alterna ely one of the sworded gentry and his servant, the latter carrying a huge fan, and a sort of camp stool for his master to seat himself upon at the pauses in the march. They advanced in double file, but with a considerable space between the right and left hand men, so that the marshals of the route could easily pass through. Every here and there in the processions were platforms, on which, as stoppages were made for the purpose, pret- ty and beautifully dressed children danced and enacted little scenes for the delectation of the crowd, and of the occupants of the houses, which were filled with gazers, just like the houses on the route of a grand pro. cession in Paris, New York or London. After those we have mentioned, and immediately preceding the great car, came a number of howling men, all dressed alike, and making, in combination with the drumming and piping of the musicians on the car, both day and night hideous in their proximity. THE O MATsūI—THE CRowd. Of these processious there were at least half a dozen, if not more They moved in and out of all the streets, great and small, and amid such a crowd of people as is not often witnessed here. The shops were closed to business, but all were open to receive the friends of the proprietors, and others who availed themselves of them to obtain a view of the streets and the on-goings. All the people were in their holiday costume, and order of the most perfect kind prevailed. The whole affair partook very much of a theatrical character, as none of the processions were composed of real officers, but representatives only. All the houses had lanterns hung before them, and the scene through- out the native settlement and all the way to the top of Nogé hill, was very brilliant and picturesque on both nights of the festival. They had two lovely days for their fête. Without pretending to com- ment on the religious aspect of the festival, we think it calculated in some degree to answer the political end designed, and as a mere amusement to the people it was a pleasant and joyous spectacle; novel, and much more sensible then the old Benten-sama festival. In the evening many of the Japanese threw open their houses to all comers, and wound up with hospitality as open as it was liberal. CAPTAIN Purves, R.N., has been appointed harbour master at this Port; and is expected to commence the duties of the office in a few days. THE CAR OF TENSHIO DAIJIN. The Queen's Birthday was kept throughout Yokohama as a general holiday. In the morning, the troops of the British Garrison were parad- ed on the Mumétchi, at the back of the settlement, and fired a few de joie; and in the afternoon, in spite of a steady rain, a more than ordinarily spirited regatta was held. The bund and hatobas were crowded with spectators, of whom the Japanese were by far the most numerous. IN THE BRITish Constar Court on the 25th instant, Captain Duggan of the clipper ship Am? Isador was fined $500 for refusing to take home three distressed seamen. His grounds for objecting were that the men had been applied for by other shipmasters, who wanted them, and were willing to pay them wages; and further that he had not room in his fore- castle for more than one—his ship being a clipper and already carrying an extra sized crew of picked men, who would be put about by more be- ing crowded into the forecastle; and it might lead to disturbances THE SPRING MEETING of the Yokohama Race Club came off on the 26th, 27th and 28th instant. The weather was delightful throughout, and on the whole the success was complete. The PARTY who accompanied H. E. Sir Harry Parkes on his trip. into the silk district have all returned. Their route was from Yedo to Nikko, 8 TIEEE IF A-Iº IE.A.ST. wºre, as is well known, the great Iyeyas, or Gongen sama, the founder of the late Tycoon dynasty, was buried. His shrine is magnificent and the scenery around it most noble. At Nikko the earthquake of the 13th inst. was severely felt. From Nikko the route was taken for the silk districts, with Onkayebashi as a centre, from whence a divergence was made to the volcano Asama-yama, stated by a contemporary to have broken out lately into active eruption. On the spot no one had see any- thing more than the usual state of activity. Indeed they only felt slightly the shock of the earthquake that was so severe with us, and could not assign any date to it. The volcano is always smoking. The party ascended it, including Lady Parkes, who now not only stands alone among foreign ladies as having reached the summit of Fusi-yama, the dormant volcano, but has looked down into the active crater of Asama-yama. It was a grand sight and awe-inspiring; and if not abso- lutely dangerous, it was extremely disagreeable from the thick clouds of sulphurous smoke that issues from it. The summit of the mountain is as near as possible 8,000 feet above sea-level. The ascent was very fatiguing to all parties, on account of the loose ashes and scoriae which offered no sound footing. The great Yedo plain was twice crossed, presenting an opportunity of observing the state of the coming silk crop which promises well. Alto- gether the excursion occupied 17 days; and was mnch enjoyed by all. N THE 15th instant about 4 o'clock, P.M. the boat of the Hylton Castle in which Captain Baker, Mr. E. Powys and two men were returning from a cruise, when about a quarter of a mile outside the lightship, was struck by a sudden squall which caused the ballast to shift, and the boat to fill and sink at once; fortunately the accident had been observed by Mr. Phren, the 2nd officer of the Ambassador, who quickly took a boat to the spot, picked them all up and took them back to their ship.– Esses. Wilkie &. Laufenberg, of this port, are building a steamer, which is destined to run between Yedo and the silk districts. She is only to draw when loaded, two feet, and will have two saloons on deck capable of accommodating 400 passengers. Her cargo capacity will be about fifty tons. N THE 16th a robbery took place at the residence of the Rev. M. Buck- O worth Bailey, H.B.M.'s Consular Chaplain. It appears that short before 8 o'clock, the family being still in the dining-room, they heard a slight noise above, which they attributed at first to the activity of rats; but presently, when the children went up stairs followed by Mrs. Bailey, the staircase being but dimly lighted, some one, who seemed to wear light clothes, darted by as if disturbed, and made his escape. On enter- ing one of the rooms, it was found that a quantity of underclothing had been carried off, and a bundle consisting principally of dresses was made up, and ready to be passed out of the window. Search being made in the garden on the side nearest the church, under a mat was found Mrs. Bailey's dressing and jewel case, broken open, and relieved of most of her trinkets, together with a roll of notes—value about $70—and a few coins. HE LINE of railway between Yedo and Yokohama has been deter- mined upon, and the site of the stations selected. We are given to understand that the number of persons travelling by land and water daily between the two termini and intermediate places exceeds 40,000 daily; and we can suppose this to be true, though of course comparatively few of these make use of the foreign con- veyances. Still there are several spirited coaching Companies whose coaches are always well filled, and two or three steamers, running daily. At a more reduced rate of fare, such as will be introduced by the railway if not before, the number of travellers availing themselves of conveyance would be multiplied perhaps tenfold; and crowds would be induced to travel who never have been in the habit of doing so. The progress there- fore of the railway becomes more and more an object of interest and desire; for it is impossible that this intercourse can be extended through- out the country without an immense advantage to every one in it. - Tº following comes to us from a correspondent in Yedo. It is dated 17th May. “It seems to me that this month is all holidays. You have a grand, Matsuri in Yokohama, and in Yedo to-day is a grand day. About thirty thousand troops of Satsuma, Choshu, Hosakawa, Stotsbashi, Hizen, Toza, and a good many other daimio's retainers, had a grand review before His Majesty the Mikado. The review commenced this morning at 8 o'clock and finished at 4 P.M.; the place of review is called Hawo Yama Koma- bano, about eight or nine miles from the Mikado's residence. His Ma- jesty went on horseback all that distance, and of course every body had a good chance to look at him. There were large numbers of tents for the retainers and soldiers, covering about one to one and a half miles, and also tents for different nobles. A large and beautiful tent, with His Ma- jesty's flag and banners flying very high, was pitched for His Majesty, and about half a mile distant from the Mikado's tent, a place was set apart for foreigners, of whom about twelve were present, including Co- lonel Shephard, the U. S. Consul. The review was very good, and there were eight field dieces. At 4 o'clock the review was finished and His Majesty returned in his chair to the Castle. The regiments of different Daimios in the front and behind the chair took about an hour and a half to pass. O' Monday evening, a party of civilians were taking a walk after their dinner. When abreast of the Vulcan foundry, they were stopped by several Japanese who had rushed after them from the guard- house in Homura, and who attempted to arrest one of the party whom they accused of having insulted them a short time before. It was ex- plained to them by one of the foreigners that it must be a mistake, as the accused person had been with them at the time the insult complained of had been given. This, however, did not satisfy the Japanese, and laying their hands on their swords some of the officers made as though they would take him by force. This his friends objected to; and as the Ja- panese would not listen to the quiet representation o the foreigners, one of the latter, becoming impatient, drew out his revolver, merely shewed it to them and used the expression, “Now, look here, you git.” The Ja- panese took the hint and “gitted” sharp. So long as they thought the foreigners were unarmed and would only act within the bounds of gentle- ness they were “bumptious:” but the mere sight of the cold iron entire- ly altered their views and they retired to the guard-house. The foreign- ers followed them and demanded a full apology, which was at once given by order of the superior officer. - - TIE-IIHE TET ALIE, IETE –A-ST - WILL BE PUBLISHED TW I C E A M O N T H. Nos. 2 AND 3 WILL BE DE LIVE RED ON THE 1 3 T H AND 27 T H J UN E. Printed and published for the proprietors by Wm. A. Milles, at the “Japan Gazette” printing office, No. 87, Main Street, Yokohama, 2 TIELIE E'_A-TER, TE-A-ST- effort was made under young Prince Charles Edward, which had a greater effect upon Caledonia than any otherevent ever had. And those who read the romantic accounts of those times that have been handed down to us, and the accounts of the late civil war in Japan, can- not fail to be struck with the singularly as- similated con- dition of the but what could they do against - the resources - of a Kingdom * So with Japan. Unable to give details, for they are always hard to obtain and very unreliable in this coun- try, we can only state ge- nerally, that the gallant Aidzu's party, ever faithful to the family of Gongen Sama, fought in the north with such bravery and determina- tion—the sam- Highlanders ourai and the and Japanese. peasantry alike Then, the and side by chiefs led their side—that not followers to TEMPLES AT KAMAKURA. the first lior Glen fin n an the secondforce where the standard of the Stuarts was unfurled; and the largest number brought by any of them to that gathering was only 700 men, whilst several took less than 100. So in Japan, whatever number Satsuma, Choshiu or other princes could command, they did not as a rule send them forth in great numbers to any one given point; and we are pretty sure that we are correct in say- ing that the largest army they had on any one spot at one time did not exceed 4 to 5,000 men supplied by all the princes. The most that Prince Charles Edward ever had under his command was not so many as this; and the Japanese generally were far more uniformly armed; all the samourai having their swords, and rifles of one kind or another. In some districts up north, the farmers turned out in behalf of the Tokugawa family, and like the same class who rose for the Chevalier, carried only such weapons as their occupations supplied. The hybrid appearance of the soldiery, now prevalent in Japan, was unknown ten yeas ago, and the retinue of princes had not that tag-rag-and-bobtail appearance that has since sprung up; indeed, so far as we saw, during the late civil war, the government troops were generally very respectably dressed and equipped. So was it with the soldiers in the service of King George. But records of the period tell us that the class loyal to their old royal line, had no appearance of soldiers at all. One lady, writing at the time, says that she could never forget “their squalid clothes and various arms; their rough limbs and uncombed hair; and their faces, in which were blended—pride, ferocity and ignorance.” These men, it will be remembered fought and conquered the regulars at Preston Pans, at Carlisle, and penetrated to Derby; they were victorious in several skirmishes and at the battle of Falkirk; sent under the Mikado's flag could boast of success; and the hun- dreds of wounded men constantly flowing into Yedo and Yokohama shewed how fierce and effective was the opposition they met with. At length, however, numbers and unlimited resources prevailed; and Wakamatz fell, and with it the Tokugawa cause. So at Culloden was the cause of the direct branch of the Stuarts once and for ever annihilated. We see then, what the Highlanders of Scotland were 125 years ago, and what the Japanese were up to the year before last. But there were other points of similarity. At that time the clansmen hated the name of trade as do the samourai of to day. And what is more, they do so as a rule to this very time. The '45 forced many things upon them. Among the rest, good roads all over the country, which not only admitted a flood of enlightenment among them, but en- abled tourists from the rest of the British Isles—and we may say, of the world—to become acquainted with the grandeur of the nature amid which they live, and the true nature of the people themselves. It taught them also that no bread is so sweet as that won by a man's own energies. So the late war is already bearing fruit in all sorts of improvements in this country; and the advent of foreigners opportunely provides the means of their developement. We cannot express too warmly the desire of foreigners to see all that the nation has lately suffered and is still passing through, working together for its good; and that the people may find the benefits even more rapidly developed than did the brave people between whose case and theirs we have drawn a parallel. TELE EA-IB, IE-A-ST- 3 (The 3|lu5tration5. TEMPLES AT KAMAKURA. HE Temples at Kamakura, which form the subject of two of the pictures in this number, are a group, erected on the same domain, and surrounded by large grounds, the principal of them being dedicated to Hatchiman, the god of war. The whole of these were burnt down within half a century, and the buildings here represented are none of them above forty two or forty three years old. This fact may give some idea of the veneration of the old government of the Shiogoons for the spot. True that for more than two centuries the glories of Ka- makura have departed—and that in the campagne surround- ings of the pleasant village, there is nothing but the temples and their belongings to give even the faintest idea of the place ever having been either large or of importance. Yet three hundred years since, the Tokio of to day—Yedo of two years ago—was but commencing to rise into importance; Kamakura was still the eastern capital; and such were the tra- ditional connections between it and the Yedo rulers, that these old temples always maintained a prominent place in their soli- citude and care. Many marvellous things are seen in Japan; and perhaps the condition of these two cities are among the most remarkable. When Europeans heard of . city in Japan whose inhabitants were counted by millions, how many could have believed that such a populous metropolis was but insignificant—say, when America was discovered by Columbus. The growth of New York is as nothing compared to Yedo. Here we see, by the simple removal of the seat of government from one spot to another, the absolute sweeping away of every trace of one important city, and the rise of another to a vastness exceeding that of London it- self before the days of steam. The Temple of Hatchiman Sama, at Kamakura, was periodi- cally visited by the Shiogoons, their families and the Daimios. The village is now almost confined to a long broad street, the middle of which is raised and forms an approach to the tem- ples—a distance of perhaps half a mile. The houses do not even continue unbrokenly throughout this distance, and are occupied principally by small shopkeepers and cultivators of the rich lands around. The raised road has throughout its length a succession of tori-i or portals such as are always at the entrance of Sintoo temples. Those spanning the road are of wood and quite low; but that at the entrance of the domain itself is a handsome structure, of two granite pillars supporting a granite block nearly twenty feet long. At the end of the raised way, the road turns off towards Inosima and Daibutsz, but an unrais- ed pathway—still crossed, at intervals, by tort-i, some of which are very massive—continues down to the sea shore, a distance of another half a mile. Hatchiman, in whose honour the temple exists and has hitherto been supported, was a Mikado of Japan whose birth was influenced by a miracle. Mr. Dickson tells the story us :- th “Another of these early events in the history of Japan which bears an interest even to the present day, is the invasion and conquest of the southern part of Corea, by the Empress Jingu Kogu, known by her husband's name as Chiu-ai-tenwo, in the third century. She accompanied him to the island of Kiusin, whither he went to put down a rebellion among some tributary states; but before the operation was accomplished he died, and she assumed the reins of power. After raising troops and col- lecting ships to transport them across the sea, she found her- self pregnant, but she was so fortunate as to find a stone which delayed her accouchement till her return to Japan. Having subdued the three countries of Sinra, Korai and Hakusai, and compelled them to give up their treasures and to promise to pay annual tribute to Japan, she returned to bury her deceased husband, and was soon after delivered of a son who was after- wards the Emperor O Sin, better known by his posthumous title of Hatchimang. Two older sons of her husband, by a concubine, asserting the rights of primogeniture, and probably doubting the virtues of the stone, raised an army to oppose the Empress. But ineffectually. “There is no incident more frequently taken for a subject by painters in Japan, than the Empress Jingu and her infant in the arms of the aged Take-ootsi, her prime minister. She is worshipped under the name of Kashi no dai-mio jin; but though her victories threw more lustre over the arms of Japan, in foreign warfare, than any previous reign, or, it may be ad- ded, any subsequent one, she does not seem to rank so high in the estimation of her subjects, or in the company of the gods, as her son. To the emperor O Sin, though unborn, appears to have been given the conquest of Corea. After his death A.D. 313, di- vine honours were paid to him. He was styled and worshipped as the god of war, and under the title of Hachimang dai Bosats, he is represented as an incarnation of the Buddha of the eight banners; the largest temples have been raised in his honour; and every village—almost every hill—has its Hatchimang goo, or shrine in his honour.” With reference to the miracle described above, there is to this day, at the back of the temples, a large boulder of an irre- gular oval shape, about thirty inches in extreme length by eighteen in breadth, enclosed within a low railing, and said to possess miraculous powers. Young married women visit it in numbers; and older ones, to whom the gods have not been pro- pitious, deem no remedy so efficacious to the removal of sterility. At Kamakura is a striking instance of the manner in which, what may be called the two national religions, Sintooism and Buddhism, existed side by side. The temples were unques- tionably originally Sintoo, and several of them are still so. But the principal ones are Buddhist—one in particular being crowded with images—both on the altar, and in row upon row along the sides. In our smaller group, at the right is seen what in fact is the most prominent edifice upon the ground; but those who have formerly seen pictures of it will hardly recog- mise it now, from the simple fact that of old it was surmounted by a go-rin, only seen in some of the more prominent temples patronized by the Shiogun's government. Its appearance is that of a tall staff spring out of the apex of the roof, supporting a number of metal rings, the largest at the bottom about twelve to eighteen inches in diameter, and decreasing in size as they ascend. They are about a couple of inches deep; and as a small space intervenes between them it has a light and rather graceful appearance. On enquiring of a priest what had be- TIELIE IET_ALIER, E.A.ST. GROUP of Twm PLES, KAMAKURA, JAPAN. 6 TIENIE IF.A.I.E, IE_A_ST- come of it, we were informed that since the present government had come into power it had been removed; but we could not quite understand whether they had ordered its removal, or whether it had been sold for its metal. A large bell, of very fine tone, which was suspended in the ordinary way a short dis- tance from this temple, has been sold for the maintenance of the priests; so that it would seem as if the Mikado has no care for these fine old relics of the old régime. THE CUSTOM-HOUSE SHEDS, YOKOHAMA. NHE wiew here presented, is of the Custom-house sheds for European goods; taken from the extremity of what is generally known as the English Hatoba, or jetty. Amongst the last works of the government of the Shiogoons, were several in connection with the improvements of Yokohama. Before the great fire of November 1866, there were two hatobas, each consisting of two jetties jutting out from the shore into suf- ficiently deep water for cargo boats to use them. One was known as the French or Western Hatoba, because it was in front of the portion of the settlement appropriated for distribu- tion by the French authorities; the other, by way of distinction being known as the English Hatoba, although one of its arms is at the commencement of Japanese town, and used exclusively for the Japanese shipping. About three years ago, the two jetties of this English Hatoba were extended—after a design sup- plied by Messrs. Whitfield and Dowson, civil engineers here— and a good boat harbour was formed, which has been very ser- viceable, particularly by enabling boats to land or take on board rºceetizers or cargo in all kinds of weather. The frontage be- tween the two arms is occupied by large sheds, also designed and constructed by the same firm, and behind these sheds, in the same enclosure, is the principal Custom-house. At the back of this runs the dividing street between the Japanese town of Yokohama and the foreign settlement. It is a noble street, 120 feet in width, and when the houses on both sides are all com- pleted, trees planted, and the road properly made, it will be a very charming boulevard. At the back of the Custom-house, on the Japanese side of this street, are the Government Godowns or warehouses; and opposite to them, is—the ugliest building in the place, perhaps in the East—the British Consulate, de- signed by an officer of the Royal Engineers; and whose turrets are seen in the picture, rising above the sheds. There is a scheme afoot for making a boat harbour on a more extensive scale still, at the other extremity of the settlement, taking in the whole space from the French hatoba to the en- trance of a canal that bounds the eastern side of the settlement, which, if carried out, will be a really valuable addition to the very limited accommodation of this kind that we have had hitherto. SHANGHAI. HE two little pictures on page 7, were taken from the Astor House Hotel, Hong-que, Shanghai. The first is looking straight up the river Woosung, the other across the em- bouchure of the Yang-king-pang creek taking in the British Consulate and the Hong-que bridge. Of the former, it is impos- sible to say that it gives anything like an idea of the animated appearance of the river on which Shanghai is situate. The little steamer, however, in the foreground is one seized by the Chinese on the Yang-tsze whilst engaged in contraband traffic, and being converted into a gunboat under the Imperial flag, is riding at anchor in all the dignity of a man-of-war. The approach to Shanghai by the river is very striking, from the great number of large ships seen in the distance, the numerous steam ers of all sorts and sizes, arriving, leaving, towing or otherwise plying. The banks of the river too, show the presence of foreign enterprize, in the factories and warehouses of different kinds. Sampans or native boats, glide in all directions—almost all employed by foreigners; and in the extreme distance, above the foreign ships, are the Chinese junks, so many in number and so regularly and closely moored, that their masts have the appearance of a barricade. The Chinese junks lie in front of the city of Shanghai; the foreign ships in front of the conces- sions outside the city. Of these the French Concession is nearest to the city; then what is known as the English Conces- sion; and below this, across the Yang-king-pang creek shown in the same picture is Hong-que in which is the American Concession. The bridge which connects Hong-que with the other side, was built by private enterprize, a company having been got up for the purpose; and until lately a trifling charge has been made upon every person using it. The municipal authorities have lately made arrangements for the abolition of the fee, which, although small, really amounted to a heavy mulct in the course of a twelvemonth. THE OFFICERS’ MESS HOUSE---BLUFF T is a most curious thing to contemplate—foreign forces on the territory of a friendly power—comfortably housed and in various ways privileged by that power. In the harbour of Yo- kohama float the ships of several of the governments who have relations with Japan. The French, American and English are very rarely without a naval representative there; but ashore, only the English and French have kept a military force. Both of them had ground allotted to them on the Bluff overlooking the settlement as long ago as 1864; and what is more, the Japanese erected the original barracks necessary for them. In point of fact, however, the presence of foreign troops has been a benefit to the country, for they have acted as a preventive; and troubles that would most undoubtedly have occurred had they been absent, have been avoided. In not one instance have the Japanese soldiers and those of foreign powers clashed, or shown any jealousy of each other; and generally they are excellent friends. In our first number we shewed the huts and parade ground of the British barracks, and to-day we shew the officers' mess-room, &c., with a group of the officers of H.M.'s 1st bat- talion 10th Regt., who kindly assembled when they saw what our artist was about. As all are good likenesses, we know we shall confer a pleasure on very many in the settlement in thus pre- senting them with a memorial of gentlemen, all of whom are respected, and several of whom very highly esteemed through- out the community. Of the various ways in which the presence of a regiment is rendered agreeable to a neighborhood, there is none more en- joyed than the public performances of its band. In this respect, the 10th has been particularly kind; and not only has every public occasion been enlivened by its presence, but during all TELIE IF A-IB, IE_A_ST- 7 the fine weather up to last season, the band has played on the Bund. This year other arrangements will be made, and the new Public Gardens on the Bluff will be the spot where their attraction will be availed of. But the spot on which the group of oncers is standing is twice a week the scene of a lively game of croquet—played by any of the ladies and gentlemen among the visitors who feel disposed, and avail themselves of the kindness of Colonel Norman and his brother officers, who have the band to play, and welcome all who choose to attend. UP THE RIVER, SHANGHAI. HoNGQUE BRIDGE, AND H. B. M'.s CONSULATE. Jhe period. A MEETING was held on the 31st ultimo, at H. B. M. Consulate, at which the Board of Foreign Consuls handed over to a Com- mittee appointed by those present, the charge of the Yokohama cemetery. A LITTLE before noon on the 31st May, a serious accident occurred on allotment No. 20. At the back of the large building lately purchased by Mr. Beato, and rented by him to Mrs. Green for a Hotel, a large pile of out-houses was being put up, one end of them covering the spot on which stood the room in which the former proprietor, the late Mr. Hoey, was recently murdered. Mr. Beato had pointed out to the contractor that the framework did not appear sufficiently strong to ad- mit of the roof being put up after the manner of the Japanese. The man said it was ; and his carpenters proceeded to draw up the timber for it, and to place it in position. Whilst they were lifting one of the heavier beams, it swung with snch momentum as to take the lowerframework out of the perpendicular, and down fell the whole structure with a loud and alarming crash. Several men were hurt, two or three being very seriously so. Dr. Hepburn, directly opposite to whose house the catas. trophe happened, had the wounded conveyed into his surgery, and did all for them that was possible. We do not hear that any have died from the effects of their wounds. A s Mr. Wollhardt, formerly a sergeant in our Municipal police force, was coming down to the settlement from the hospital, on the evening of the 1st June, some Japanese, carrying a cango up the hill, stopped, and placed it in such a manner across the road, as to block up the way. On remonstrating with them, they told him it was no business of his ; and some Japanese policemen coming up at the time, the cango men turned to them, and deliberately charged Mr. Wollhardt with first insult. ing and then robbing them. Of course this was denied ; but the police, deaf to the assertions of Mr. Wollhardt, and to his offers to go quielty with them and explain matters to their officers, bound his hands, and led him to the guard house in Homura. Here an official of a foreign Consulate recognised him and had him released. It is a significant fact that the aggrieved, an old police officer, did not carry the matter any further. Ews has been received from China of the operations of Mr. Ridg- N yard, the diver sent from England to recover the treasure sunk in the wreck of the Hamilla Mitchell. The first essay resulted in the recovery of 76,000 Mexican dollars. CHINAMAN, lately head servant at H. B. M.'s Legation, was dis- A. covered about a fortnight ago to be implicated in the forgery of kinsatz' (paper money.) He was handed over to the Japanese authori- ties, and by them sentenced to death; but for some reason or other, the execution has not taken place. HE LAND sale on the foreign settlement at Yedo, took place on the 2nd instant, a Japanese—or rather several Japanese—acting as auctioneer. It took about an hour to knock down the first lot—but al- together during the day, from 10 A.M. to 4 P.M., 25 lots were sold, the total sum realized being $94,000 ichiboos—about $23,500. HE P. & O. announce that they reserve to themselves the right to convey goods shipped on board their steamers, either by rail, as heretofore, or by the Suez Canal. Their fine steamer the China is to load at Hankow with Teas to be conveyed through the Canal. NE of the finest stores in the East has been built in the Main Street, O Yokohama, for Messrs. Kirby & Co., and was opened on the 6th inst. 8 TELE IF A-IR, IE.A.ST. TN I Ew season's teas have arrived in our market, and some exception- + ally fine have found buyers at very high prices. AMAGEs, laid at $1,000 were claimed on the 10th instant, in H. B. M.'s Provincial Court, by Mr. Bertrand, a French subject, of Mr. Howell, an Englishman, for libel. Mr. Howell, as Editor of the Japan Mail, had commented upon Mr. Bertrand, stating that he ought to be tried for manslaughter, he having kicked a Chinaman and caused his death. Mr. Bertrand called on Mr. Howell and told him of his mis- take, and the latter gentleman told him that if he would write to him a letter denying the accusation, he would insert it and make every possible amende. As Mr. Bertrand did not write the letter, Mr. Howell made enquiries for himself, and, having ascertained the fact that the China- man, although struck by Mr. Bertrand with a ruler, was really not hurt seriously, inserted an explanation and an apology of the most ample and manly kind, in his daily paper the Japan Mail Daily Advertiser. He also told Mr. Bertrand that if he thought he would sustain any injury from what he had written, he would pay him any sum three gentlemen chosen by Mr. Bertrand and approved of by himself, should name. He was then told that the affair had been placed in the hands of a lawyer; so Mr. Howell allowed the action to take its course. Throughout the whole business, the frank and open nature of Mr. Howell has been prominently exhibited. First, in the straightforward, outspoken charge. Then, on finding himself altogether wrong, in his equally honest avowal of his error. And lastly, in his coming into Court. avowing his responsibility and his willingness to bear the penalty of his own acts, should the Court so decide. Mr. Bertrand, however, declared in answer to a question, that he had not received any injury, and could receive none from such an at- tack—his character was too well-known as “bon garçon.” The Court therefore simply decreed him nominal damages, and Mr. Howell came out of Court with flying colours. Tº Yokohama Public Gardens are now opened. They were only proposed to be formed out of the wilderness on the Bluff, about three months ago, and our home readers would be surprised to see what they are now. This month they are open to the public without charge. The band of H. M. 1st-10th Regiment has played in them on the two last Saturday afternoons. From the 1st July, they will be open to all who choose to subscribe, or pay a small fee for entrance. This is neces- sary, as the rent paid for the ground to the Japanese government and the current expenses, have to be provided for, and of course there is no fund from which to take them, except such as can be raised by the contribu- tions of those who use the gardens. There is no respect of persons—they are open to all indiscriminately on the same terms; and they deserve every support, for they are certainly ornamental, and we believe that as great means for promoting the introduction of foreign plants and trees, they will be very useful. They do the Committee and Mr. Kramer, their superintendent, great credit. Tº Yokohama Public Library and Reading Rooms were opened on the 6th instant; and we predict for them a considerable amount of popularity. The Library is not yet supplied with many books, but its shelves have a few useful and readable volumes upon them, and will, ere long, we hope be respectably filled. The Reading room has an excellent supply of papers and magazines to start with ; and we hope to be able in future numbers to state that the large lecture or music room has been turned to good account. One great complaint made of old by visitors to Yokohama is now removed; and there is always now, a comfortable room in which to pass spare hours, and plenty of light reading to occupy the time. HE legal element in Yokohama has been but sparsely represented. Up to a couple of years ago, no one thought of engaging one to take a case into Court; but the advent of two within that period has created a demand which has generally been productive of more amuse- ment than edification to the public, and must have been often absolutely distressing to H. B.M.'s Consul. The bickerings of the two English law- yers have been anything but creditable; and we are thus led to express our pleasure in seeing Mr. Hill, an American practitioner, allowed to plead in Her Majesty's Provincial Court. In the libel case above alluded to, he was engaged for the plaintiff; and it was quite a relief to see a man doing his duty to his client, without slanging his opponent or bully- ing the Bench. T. lamp-posts ordered for the Government, in Shanghai, have ar- rived and are being put into their places, from whence our darkness is in future to be lightened. They are properly for gas—but as it is not likely we shall possess that inestimable blessing for some time, they will be illuminated with kerosene, HE Japan. Herald of the 7th June supplies us with this paragraph, which shows that the persecution of the Christians does not slumber in Japan: A handbill has recently been posted in various parts of Yedo, which runs as follows :- “One of the disciples of Jesus, who had been sent to the province of Tsu for safe keeping, escaped from his keepers on the second day of last month, and has fled to parts unknown. He was born in the province Hizen (Goto?), his age is 24, is of a florid countenance and light com- pexion, thick lips; speaks the dialect of Nagasaki, with a slight impedi" ment in his speech. “If any one shall find him, he shall report quickly to the proper au. thorities. And if any one shall harbour or conceal him, he shall be deemed a partaker in.his crime !" E are credibly informed that the Mikado has resolved to pay the Tokugawa family for the Castle at Yedo, and all the property confiscated. This is not to be by a direct sum paid down, but by an in- crease in the allowance of annual revenue to each branch of the family. If this be true, it is another feather in the cap of the young Emperor. D". is sold. This was lately stated by one of our local con- temporaries, the Japan Gazette, but though not contradicted, was half discredited. We are assured by a well-informed officer, that it is true. We are sorry for it. THE PERMANENT ARRANGEMENT OF **T* IEI IEE F.A. E. E. A. ST,” IS; THAT IT SHALL BE PUBLISHED ON THE 1st A NID 1 6th OF EVERY MONTH. The next issue therefore will be on the 1st July, instead of on the 27th Jnne as before announced. 0ffice No. 55 Main Street, Yokohama, OR “JAPAN GAZETTE” PRINTING OFFICE, NO. 87. Printed and published for the proprietors by Wm. A. MILLER, at the “Japan Gazette” printing office, No. 87, Main Street, Yokohama. THE FAR EAST. AN II, I, USTRATED FORT NIGHTI, Y NKWSPAPKR. [Wol. I, No. III. * ALM, contented and happy has been the lot of the Japanese during the long period that has elapsed since the days of IYEYAS. Favoured indeed by the gods must have been the land that has not known war for mºre than two hundred and fifty years; and more remarkably so a rich empire that has never suffered from foreign invasion. The annals of Japan go back into the remote past with only sufficient exactness to point out the very few salient points in its history. ' The establishment of the Empire, under the first Mikado, ZINMU, for instance, is recorded to have been about 667 years before the Christian era; and the line of descent from that day has been religiously chronicled; but no incidents of any interest are preserved of the next thousand years, towards the end of which was that invasion of the south of Corea by the Em- press JINGU, to which we made allusion in our last. Next ; Yº, Y *. comes the introduction of Buddhism, which occurred sometime during the sixth century; and from that period, we have nothing but the barest chronology until the advent of YoFITOMO, the YOKOHAMA, FRIDAY, JULY 1st, 1870. [SINGLE Copy $1.00] founder—not of the title but—of the power of the Shiogoonate. He it was who in the twelfth century managed to exorcise the power won by his sword though nominally conferred by the Mi- kado, into a virtual sovereignty; and from his days until these the empire has been governed by those who succeeded him as Shioguns. The next incident of prominence is the attempted invasion of Japan by the Tartar monarch KUBLAI KHAN in the following century; but that was so complete a failure, that nothing sen- sational has been made out of it, except by Marco Polo, who tells of one fortified place only being attacked, the garrison of which refusing to surrender were ordered to be put to death. “The heads of all were cut off except eight, who by the aid of a charm—a jewel placed in the right arm under the skin—were invulnerable against steel. This was found out, and they were beaten to death with clubs.” Von SIEBOLD in his Archives, has the following from a Japa- nese chronicle:—“KUBLAI KHAN having ascended the throne of the Mogul, looked towards Japan. That nation must ac- THE FIRST BRIDGE, Yokohama. 2 TIEEE IF A-Ire. IFE.A.ST. knowledge his sove- reignty; and in 1268 he called upon the ruler of Nipon to do so. His summons being unnoticed, as also two subsequent ones, in 1271 and 1273, his envoys being received but always dismissed by the Governor of Dai Sai-fu, a Mongol fleet with a Corean con- tingent arrived off Tsusima. The Mika- do appointed days of prayer; and the Shiogun having pre- viously made every necessary prepara- tion for defence, no decisive attack was ventured on. The without any indis- pensable necessity for exchanging their commodities with others. Still, it has become evidently a portion of the Divine plan for man's wel- fare and happiness that such inter- change shall be sought and carried out for the mutual advantage of nations; and it has been amply proved that such commerce is the primary civiliz- ing agent. Without it men, would have remained much as they were created; and barbarism would still be the order of invasion was mana- the day. ged without energy That which has or plan; and after turned the world hovering ashort time upside down has without any set pur- pose, the fleet left, only committing some slight depredations in Kiusiu." It is reported elsewhere to have been principally destroyed by the perils of the deep. Japan may therefore be said to have been free from invasion. And this is the more to be wondered at when its reputed wealth is remembered. The insular position of Great Britain is said to be its safeguard, and it undoubtedly has been. Yet it has been thrice invaded—twice successfully. Julius Caesar, looking over from Gaul to the barren shores of Britain, could not possi- bly have promised himself or to Rome any material increase of wealth by its conquest. True, we read that its mineral treasures were coveted; but what could these amount to in a country where those who dug them from the bowels of the earth were still in the depths of poverty and savagery? But in Japan Asiatic wealth was already attained at a very early period; and yet no conqueror, with his legions flushed with a thousand vic- tories, sought to add to his laurels, or increase the booty won at the sword's point from many peoples, by a descent upon her shores. But two invasions of a different character have been made upon her. First, that of the Portuguese missionaries in the 16th century—which was eminently successful, so long as they adhered strictly to their Christian teaching and forebore from civil intrigue. Then retribution came upon them and upon all who named the name of Christ, and their invasion was upset. And now comes Commerce. Two thousand five hundred years has Japan been an empire, and yet without foreign trade— a striking proof that nations are supplied by Providence with all that is needful for the human race produced from the soil, JAPANESE CARPENTERs. come hither also; and Japan will soon rejoice in this new invasion. She has suffered from it, in the outset, because it was hard for all her great ones to see the desirability of opening their lovely islands to the curious gaze—probably the aroused cupidity—of the outer world. But it is every day more apparent now that this in- vasion will be not only successful but highly beneficial. Hitherto an enormous expense has been entailed upon the go- vernment by its resolution to possess itself of all kinds of war- like appliances. Ships have been purchased—many of them very unsuitable for carrying guns—by the government and by the independent princes. Now there are no independent princes. The Mikado rules, and all the powerful daimios who had ships have handed them over to him. Thus he has a few fine ships of war—a nucleus for a navy. But of that, little need be be thought. A sign of the times is, that merchants both in Yedo and in Yokohama are talking of owning foreign built trading ships and steamers, for the legitimate purposes of busi- ness. They have long since seen how comparatively useless their own junks are—how slow, how small, how unseaworthy. They also now see the finest clippers in the world, arriving with immense cargoes of Rice, almost like magic, directly there is a demand for it; and they behold the enormous steamers of the P. M. S. S. Co., arriving and departing crowded with passengers and cargo—and other large steamers plying with a regularity that still astonishes them. Hitherto the merchants have not been allowed to own foreign built ships; and as Japanese build- ers have been obliged to adhere to their old model, no progress has been made in that direction. We shall see what the pre- sent talk ends in. The seed is swelling, and before long must shoot. TELIE E'_A-IR, IEE-A-ST- - ~ All foreigners as well as Japanese, in closing the mercantile year, which is here looked upon as the 30th June, have much cause to acknowledge that the period between the 1st July 1869 and the 30th June 1870, has been one of marked ad- vance. We do not say that it has been profitable to all to the extent of their expeciation, but even in that respect not many, we think, have much to find fault with. But the keel has been laid of a prosperous future in more ways than one. And what with the railway—the most important plank of all—the tele- graph, the mint, the throwing open of mineral exports, the per- mission to landed proprietors to mine, and the encouragement of the cultivation of all products required by foreigners, the prospects of the year that commences with this day are by no means unhopeful. It must be satisfactory for the Japanese to see that the invasion of commerce is thus turning out for good; and we trust that the land which now on its outskirts and at isolated spots sees the foreigner industriously and peacefully carrying on his plans for profit, will find its own merchants and all its people benefiting in such degree, that before long, the whole country may be thrown open, and the peaceful visitors to Japan may find a welcome throughout the length and breadth of the Empire. (ſhe $llustrations. THE FIRST BRIDGE. YOKOHAMA. HEN the treaties with Japan were first signed, the residence appropriated to foreigners nearest to Yedo was at Kanagawa, a long populous and business place, on the Tokaido, or great Eastern road between Yedo and Osaka, at a distance of about 24 miles from the Niphon Bashi, the bridge in Yedo from which distances are measured—corresponding to what was of old marked on English mile-stones as “the Stan- dard in Cornhill.” Kanagawa lies along one shore of a deep indentation of the coast line in the gulf of Yedo, and opposite to it was a long valley bounded by hills of an altitude of a hundred to two hundred feet above the level of the valley and of the sea. On the Kanagawa side the Tokaido continues it course at the foot of them ; but at the commencement of the valley, the land was originally swampy in the extreme, with a few patches of solid ground close to the sea, on which fishermen had made their habitation; and with several streams threading the valley from various points in the hills, and debouching into the sea. This swampy land and these streams were availed of by the government to isolate the settlement intended for foreigners; and when, in terms of the treaty which had been made in 1858, Kanagawa was opened on the 1st July 1859, it was founed that the ground appropriated to them was, not at the town usually known as Kanagawa, but nearly three miles from it, and by the formation of the coast line, nearly facing it. One of the patch- es of solid ground. spoken of, had been cleared, the streams passing it availed of to insolate it, and a causeway nearly a mile long had been made across one of the most swampy portions, to connect it with the Tokaido and the town of Kanagawa. The rigid adherence to treaty was demanded by the British Minister, who saw in these arrangements the old idea of isola- tion so long and so stringently enforced at Desima, Nagasaki. The fact of their being deep water off the place allotted to fo- reigners and not enough to float a man-of-war barge at Kama- gawa proper, decided the day, and merchants settling where they found all prepared for them, was more potent than all the ministerial protests. One of the streams entered the sea at the foot of the hills, or as they are called “the Bluff” on the western side, and is now extremely useful as a canal, both to Japanese and Europeans. It is crossed by three bridges, and will soon have a fourth. That depict- ed on page 1, is the first bridge—taken from the fence between the English Naval hospital, and the French Barracks. Gener- ally speaking it is crowded with boats, native and foreign, but at the time it was taken, it was singularly clear of then. Nine- tenths of the bridges in Japan are on this model, constructed of wood. The most prominent house in the picture is that of Dr. Hepburn, the author of the best—the only good dictionary of the Japanese language yet published. He is one of those invaluable men, the American Medical Missionaries. There is not a Japanese within reach of Yokohama, who does not know him, and there are very few who have not good cause for bless- ing him. The second house is the residence of Mr. McVean, the proprietor of the Vulcan Foundry further up the creek; and the next premises are the Yokohama Iron Works, in the occu- pation of Messrs. Whitfield & Dowson. From the former se- veral of the works in connection with ship building and steam engines in Yokohama have been turned out; and by the latter a small fleet of steam launches. Both are now hard at work, extending the usefulness of the port in one of the most impor- tant directions. JAPANESE CARPENTERS. OTHING is more striking to foreigners arriving in Japan, than the ease with which all the people adopt the simplest means to their ends. No persons in the world “make so light of work,” while they are at it as the Japanese; and whatever they do is with a cheerfulness worthy of all admiration. Their house carpenters are surpassed by none in the use of their tools. Everything they take in hand is done in a manner the reverse of European. For instance, their implements are light where ours are heavy, heavy where our are light. They saw by drawing the instrument to them instead of by the downward stroke as with us; and they plane by drawing the plane towards them instead of thrusting it from them. And so with almost everything. But their labour seems like half that of other peo- ple, and they sing after their peculiar fashion over their work as if they enjoyed it. True they will have an occasional sleep, and object to any work except in their own work-shops on wet days; but they are universally first rate mechanics. BEYONID ODAWARRA. HE TREATY limits for foreigners resident in the open ports of Japan are 10 ri—a little over 24 miles—all round the Settlements. This, on the Tokaido, in the direction of Osaka, takes us to a river—the Sakawa, about three miles be- yond which is the town of Odawarra, about twelve miles from Hakone and the Hakone lake. The windings of the road make the distance to be traversed by passengers considerably" 6 TIEHIE IF AIR IBE.A.ST. greater, and probably the actual measurement by the road may be over thirty miles. At this river, which is ordinarily forded in a peculiar manner, of which we propose ere long to give an illustration, guards generally demand of foreigners, passports, without which they ought not to be allowed to pass. But such is the comparative laxity in this respect now, that although there is no difficulty in obtaining the necessary document, few ask for it, and yet but little difficulty is experienced in getting “out of bounds.” From Odawarra the road gradually increases in interest, as we commence the ascent of the Hakone range of hills, the summits of which are about 6,500 above sea level. The number of foreigners seeking health or recreation at Mayano- shita and Dogashima, among these hills, is considerable, and ex- tremely welcome and well-received they are by the people. The hotels or tea houses are excellent, and every possible care is taken by the proprietors to make their foreign visitors comforta- ble. The days are gone when Daimios and their retainers oc- cupied their houses constantly; and now they say in plain terms, that they desire foreign patronage and prize it. The pictur- esque view presented on page 4 is a little beyond Odawarra—in the immediate neighbourhood of the sulphur and hot springs. The stream abounds in trout, and affords capital sport to piscatorial adventurers. THE BURIAL PLACE OF THE TYCOONS. S’KIDJI, the foreign settlement of Yedo, is so named from the fact of its being reclaimed ground. It is, however, only the name of a small corner of an extensive portion of Yedo called Shiba. Foreigners speak of the Tycoon's burial place as “Shiba.” It should be, the Tycoon's burial place in Shiba, just as we say, St. Saviour's in Southwark. From the days of the fourth successor of Iyeyas, the founder of the late dynasty of Tycoons, these beautiful grounds in Shiba have been appropriated for the purpose of Tycoonal sepulture. Iyeyas himself was buried at Nikko, about 100 miles from Yedo, where the first Temple in Japan was erected to his memory. His immediate followers were buri- ed at Ooweno in Yedo, until the fourth, who was buried at Shiba. At these three places—Ooweno, Nikko and Shiba, all the Shioguns are buried. At the last named, are six; and of these the first is he, the courtyard of whose tomb is presented. The gate into the inner court is beautiful, and the edifice seen over the wall to the left, is one in which a huge bell is kept. In the outer quadrangle are many stone lanterns, as seen in the picture. They are all of granite—all of one size, and given by the daimios whose names are graven on them, to the memory of the Tycoon. In the inner court are a number of bronze lanterns, of almost the same pattern; and the temple is very superb in its lacquering, gilding, carving, and general beauty. There is a solid bronze door, beyond which is the “holy of holies,” and within this none of the priests but the high-priest may go, and he only without shoes or sandals. He told us that the Tycoon was buried in a stone vault within these doors, seated in the same position as he would occupy during life; with his desk, tobacco bong, table and table furni- ture before him. Each of the six Tycoons has temples, shrines and enclosed quadrangles to himself; and a more beautiful spot can hardly exist in a great city. Two years ago, it was a matter almost amounting to impossibility to get into the quadrangles, far more the temples. Now, a silver or paper key of proper value will obtain admittance anywhere; and the visitor is well repaid for his trouble and his outlay. THE TEMPLE OF DZU DJIAU JI. TH IS temple is the great temple at Shiba, immediately adjoin- ing the shrine above alluded to ; and a noble edifice in every respect. It stands within a large quadrangle, the en- trance to which is by a huge gateway, itself more magnificent than ordinary temples. It has the advantage which few other of the great temples in Yedo have, that there is never any crowd about it. The spot has always been preserved sacred even from Japanese—and none but the most privileged approached it. The late changes have wrought to the breaking down of the old barriers, but as yet there is no flocking to it, or any particular regard shown to it on the part of the population. It is erected in honour of Gongensama, although his actual sepulchre is far away. The aristocratic name of the temple is San-sei-san. The period. A NITALIAN, cook on board the British Barque Carobel, made a des. - perate attack on the second mate of the ship, on the 11th instant, and threatened the life of the Captain. Some time before, whilst the ship was unloading, he asked the Captain for his discharge, and it was given. He decided, however, not to make use of it, and remained on board until just as the vessel was proceeding to sea, when he said he had again altered his mind and would now accept his discharge. Captain Ross replied that he could not have it, as there was no time for him to get an- other cook in his place. The result was—what John Chinaman calls— “a bobbery.” Presently, without any word of warming, he came out of the galley to which he had gone, rushed upon the officer nearest to him—the second mate—and with some weapon struck him a fearful blow on the back, which felled him, and another on the head, which quite dis- abled him. Proceeding aft, he met the Captain's wife, who, seeing his infuriated condition, spoke to him imploringly. He replied that she need not fear any harm, but that he would kill the Captain. "he Captain who had been forward, seeing how things were, Jºf a hand- spike, and as the fellow approached, felled him to the aeck with a blow across the heal. Thinking he had stunned him, he then went to get some irons, to have the men secured ; but the cook, coming to himself, jumped over-boarl anºl swam ashore. He then laid a plaint at the Consulate against the Captain, and was sent to the hospital. The mate was also sent there; and the ship was delayed for some days, that the charge against the Captain might be investigated. Of course it was dismissed; but the delay that had already taken place in the sailing of the ship, and aff unwillingness further to detain it, prevented Captain Ross from taking any further steps. Twº PRIVATES of the 1st Batt. Xth Regiment were committed for trial on the 13th inst... for having stolen $13 from a Japanese. It was a deliberate highway robbery. On the same day a man named David Duncan was committed for trial for a similar offence on a foreigner—a carpenter. On the following day, a private of the 1st 10th regiment and five seamen belonging to the British ship Thetsing were charged with housebreaking. They were punished with short imprisonment, and made to pay for the damage they had done. This was hardly a malicious row— but an attempt to get the house opened to obtain liquor. They were all more or less “tozie-mozie.” On the same day a Madrassee was ordered to be deported for creating a disturbance—his custom (almost) always of an afternoon—in Japanese town. He pleaded habitual giddiness, which made him look like drunk ; and which alone, and not inebriety, had occasioned his baving been up on six previous occasions before the TIETIE IF A-1E, IELA-ST- Consul. The three first named have been since tried and sentenced to imprisonment in the Hongkong gaol. I. HAs now been placed within the reach of the poorest inhabitant of Yokohama. Not only have Messrs. Burgess and Burdick a cargo of splendid “Wenham Lake” ice, but another of the “article” from Hako- date. And now there is machine made ice of capital quality obtainable Nothing equals the “old original” Wenham Lake. N Exciting incident happened on Saturday, the 18th inst., of a very unusual character :—no less than the stealing a child from the Bar- racks, by a Japanese girl. The infant son, a little over three years old, of Serjeant Gilbert, went to morning school, and not returning at the pro- per time, and no one of his school-fellows having seen him since school hours, apprehensions were aroused, and a search made for him. They were ineffectual all that day. The police were communicated with, and everything was done that could be. On the following day, Sunday, Mr. Lynes, of H. M. Store department, with Mrs. Lynes and their little ones were staying at a house near “ Daibutsz,” about twelve or thirteen miles at all times. 7 SHIP, the F. A. Palmer, carrying the San Salvador flag. was towed into harbour on the 23d ultimo, by a Japanese steamer: her fore and mainmasts being so severely sprung that she could not use them. As she came in, the yellow flag at the fore created a good deal of alarm, and reports got abroad that she had “a cargo of Chinese coolies" on board, and that half of them were either sick, dying or dead, from small- pox. Dr. Dallison was sent for, and examined every individual on board. His report of the ship, its accommodation and the condition of the Chinamen was most satisfactory. The sick man and the convalescents were all sent to the smallpox hospital; but of course the ship has remained so far in quarantine that none were allowed to land. The Chinese are 850 in number, and are quiet and well-behaved ; but the crew are mu- tinous, and have been, with a few good exceptions, brought ashore by the Japanese authorities and lodged in jail. Tº: SUBJECT of the murder of the late Mr. Hoey has lately again risen to the surface by the apprehension and examination of a man suspected of the deed. We quote from the Japan Gazette:— º: - - * -- º - - º - THE TEMPLE OF DZU DJIAU JI. from Yokohama, when their nurse-maid, a Japanese, saw a little Euro- pean child come along the road with a decently dressed, well-looking Japanese girl. The little fellow was crying and calling his mamma. With much sagacity Mrs. Lynes' nurse-maid, waited at the door until they came up, and then entered into casual conversation with the girl, and ending by asking her in to take a cup of tea. She entered without suspicion, and found herself a prisoner. The child was all right, except in its anx- iety to get to its mother, and had not been at all ill-treated. Its clothes were all on properly, and after a warm bath and a little kindness from Mrs. Lynes, such as motherly instincts alone know how to bestow, its 'sorrows ceased, and it waited patiently the return to its parents, who were immediately communicated with. The girl said that the child had lost his mother; and that the father, not being able to listen to his pite- ous cries, had given her $9 to take him into the country for a month. The motive is a mystery. But Japanese almost all say that the girl would have exhibited the child for a small sum, and that the people in the country, not having seen a foreign child before, would have willingly paid to see it. HREE PRIZEs in the Art Union of London fell this year to Yoko- hama. A work of art to the value of £30 to Mr. J. A. Frazer; one to the value of £20 to Mr. E. M. Van Reed ; and a chromo lithograph to Mr. Van der Tak, H. N. M. Consul. “Mr. Hoey, it will be remembered, was murdered in his house during the night between the 27th and 28th December last. “His servant boy, who was tied up by the two culprits, professed him- self unable to recognise their faces on account of the darkness. On the 22nd of January the authorities succeeded in arresting one Tetsugoro, who confessed to having been an accomplice to the murder. His story ran briefly, that he on the 27th December met in Yokohama an old acquaintance, Seikitchi, who made an appointment with him to meet at midnight on the bridge before Hoey's house. There Seikitchi told him that some four years ago he had been in the service of Hoey, and by him been badly beaten, wherefore he now had come to take vengeance. By threats Seikitchi compelled Tetsugoro to follow him over the fence into Hoey's compound, assist in overpowering and binding the servant and to keep guard over him while he himself dispatched Hoey. This actom- plished, they seperated. In consequence of the information given by Tetsugoro of the history and connections of Seikitchi, Japanese detectives were despatched to Osaka, Kioto and Yedo in search of him. but for a long time without result; and in the mean time Tetsugoro died in prison on the 27th May. His death was duly certified by the surgeon and his body exhibited to the British Consul. In consequence of the numerous circulars scattered over the empire, and containing a minute description of the person of Seikitchi as given by Tetsugoro, a man answering to this description and also bearing the name of Seiketchi was in the course of 8 TELIE E'_A-IR, E.A.ST. the month apprehended, and brought to Yedo, where however, the Japan- ese Government Official satisfied himself that this swas not the Seikitchi wanted. He was nevertheless sent to Yokohama, and on the 22nd o this month he was in the presence of Her Majesty's Consul subjected to a strict and searching examination by high Japanese officials. The servant of Mr. Hoey nd the sister of the late Tetsugoro were also there. The former did not recognise the man's voice, the latter declared positvely that this was not the Seikitchi who was the friend of her deceased bro- ther. The prisoner himself denied the charge, and asserted that he from the tenth to the twelfth moon, November to January, was at a place 150 miles distant from Yokohama. Nor did on closer examination his ap- pearance exactly tally with the description given by Tetsugoro : his tattoo was different, and a scar an inch and a half long under the eye was not there. It remains yet to be seen how far his alibi can be proved or not. B. M.'s Consul, Mr. Lowder, after long enduring the vagaries of . Mr. F. J. Barnard, a barrister practicing at this port, has at length suspended that gentleman from appearing in the court over which he presides; Mr. Barnard having, after calling most of his opponents in various proceedings “liars and swindlers,” added this above all, that he wrote a letter to a local newspaper, and paid for its insertion as an ad- vertisement, calling on the community not to believe the Consul him- self. Mr. Barnard has been in more hot water through the singular inability to control his tongue, than any man we ever knew. He has gone to Shanghai, we suppose to lay his sorrows before the chief judge. We would that if he return hither, he should be warned by the past and be a wiser if not a sadder man. Bºº. attempts have been less frequent in Yokohama than - they were wont to be; but on the 16th ulto, one was made at the Oriental Bank, evidently by a Japanese. The strong-room was attempted, but without effect, and although there were traces of the work of the booty-seekers, nothing was missed. NE of our local contemporaries reports that the Japanese Government O has accepted a large sum of money to leave the Buddhist religion unmolested. Thus saith the Japan. Herald: “Buddhism in Japan was sustained by the Tokugawa government ever since the time of Gogen Sama. It was, in fact, the State religion of the Tycoonate in contradistinction to the old Shinto religion of the Mikado's court, and anciently of the entire Japanese Empire. Ever since the termination of the civil war, and the abolition of the Tycoon- ate, a movement has been initiated by the present government to sup- press Buddhism, and to elevate Shintoism to its former position and power. Some time ago, the dominant sect of Buddhists—the Montosi- offered to the Government Eight Millions of Rios in order to be pemitted to practise their religious rites unmolested as before, and to retain also their ecclesiastical properties throughout Japan, and with the express object, as stated by themselves, of releasing the Japanese Government from their obligations to foreigners. This offer, when originally made, was refused by the Government, because it would have been a confession on its part of both pecuniary and political weakness; but it is said that within the past few days the proposition has been accepted, and a first instalment of thirty-five thousand rios has been paid. It is asserted that the Montosi sect is favourably disposed towards Christianity, but whe- ther so or not, the abandonment by the Mikado's Government of Shin- toism as the exclusive religion of the State is symptomatic of weakness or of duplicity, and likely to be attended with important consequences of a religious, as well as of a political character.” A” inquest was held on the 24th ulto., on the body of C. H. Fish, who fell overboard from the steamer City of Yedo on the 20th June. The investigation failed to elicit how the accident happened. HE body of a foreigner was found on the 28th June in the canal near Yoshiwara. It has not yet been recognized. HOKEI and Ah Ho, two Chinamen, and Minkitchi and Sinkitchi, two Japanese, were tried on the 29th ult., for being concerned in the forgery of kinsatsz at H. B. M.s Legation, on the Bluff. The offence having been clearly proved against Chokei and the two Japanese, they were sentenced fo death. Ah Ho was less culpable; and he is decreed three years imprisonment. WITH every desire to see foreign trade increase and Yokohama flour- ish, we confess to a very deep regret at witnessing the commence- ment of a Commerce which has been taken in hand by some Chinamen, much to the chagrin, we are happy to say, of all the respectable men of that community. A trade in young girls—literally sold into slavery 1 for once bought, their parents have no more right to them; and as they are being shipped off to China in small detachments, they are hopelessly cut off from all they can hold dear. Among the Japanese such a traffic on a limited scale is permitted. Parents and guardians may sell their female children, a husband may even sell his wife for a time. But in the case of young girls, the greatest care is generally taken of them-- they are more or less educated—they are taught all sorts of pretty win- ning ways, and many of them devoted solely to music and dancing. A small price only is paid for them—but they cost the purchasers a great deal of money before they are able by their charms to repay the care bestowed on them; and they are only purchased for a certain term; after which they are their own mistresses and generally get husbands directly their term is ended. During the period of their bondage, they are permitted at all times to see their parents and friends, and although it is a mistake to suppose that the life they are brought up to is approved of by the better classes of Japanese, they are free from most of the revolting manners of the same class in other countries; and in them, vice seems denuded of its deformity. But now Chinamen have com- menced the traffic in them, and the young things are being exported like any other produce to the far shores of Cathay, it is impossible to say what may be their lot. The Japanese authorities ought to interfere, and we have strong reasons to hope that they will. - THE PERMANENT ARRANGEMENT OF ** T H E F.A. R. E. A. s T', * Is; THAT IT SHALL BE PUBLISHED ON T H E 1st A NID 1 6th OF EVERY MONTH. 0ffice No. 55 Main Street, Yokohama, OR “JAPAN GAZETTE” PRINTING OFFICE, NO. 87. Printed and published for the proprietors by Wm. A. Miller, at the “Japan Gazette” printing office, No. 87, Main Street, Yokohama. THE FAR EAST. AN II, LUSTRATRD FORT NIGHTLY NEWSPAP gº. [Vol. I, No. IV. YOKOHAMA, SATURDAY, JULY 16th, 1870. [SINGLE Copy $1.00] * 0-NOTHINGISM, in the early days of foreign inter- sº course with Japan, seemed to be as much the plan of §º the government officials, as know-nothingism was lately with a certain political party in America. No- thing was more trying to the foreign representatives than the insuperable slowness with which anything was done, and the inflexibility with which old habits or methods were adhered to: Merchants too found the same annoyance with the lesser offi- cials, with whom any business had to be transacted. Nothing, in the least degree out of the ordinary groove would they do, and mild remonstrance or energetic appeal were equally ineffec- tual in moving them. All the old writers on Japan speak of, and Kämpfer particularly praises, the firm unchangeableness of the laws and the popular habits. They looked upon them from the job he was required to do—“to-morrow.” The merchant. would never make up his mind to a bargain at once—it was always “to-morrow.” And none could understand the haste in which foreigners lived and moved and had their being. But the old habits are fast changing now; and we think that the appreciation of the value of time is gradually laying hold of them, and they are among themselves using the telegraph and looking forward to the railway in a way that creates the greatest hopes. In fact, although there is not yet much celerity among them to boast of, the days of do-nothingism are fast passing away. The news brought from Shanghai by the last steamer—the massacre of the French Missionaries and Sisters of Mercy at Tientsin, reminds us that in one respectavery unwonted activity a philosophical has been exhibit- point of view; but ed, arising out. if there were any - of the foreign chance of the ob- - º question in Ja- jurgations utter- - |pan. From the ed by impatient º days of the great foreigners being persecution of the fulfilled on the christians, the devoted heads of massacre of the their supine tor- foreigners and mentors, verily the driving them they would be forth of the em- “anathema.” pire in 1,622–85 And as it was the native chris- with the officials so was it with all other classes. With them, how- ever, it assumed theshape ofnever by any chance doingtoday what could be put off till to-morrow. Invariably a me- tians have been permitted to ex- ercise their faith in peace. It is only since the readmission of foreigners, that the subject has come under the attention of the rulers at all; and chanic would do Count RY SHOP. their apprehen- 2 TIEEE E'_A-IB, E.A.ST. sions, lest our efforts should tend to proselytise the people, have caused them to shew to those who may become chris- tians what they may ex- pect at the hands of the government. Thousands of families whose only crime was their religion, have been ferreted out by the myrmidons of the go- vernment and been sub- jected to separation and to banishment, without trial or any kind of en- quiry. No doubt at all can exist that this has arisen from a desire to prevent by terror what they see they can avoid by no other means. The time is not far distant when all Japan will be open. It may be ten or twenty years, but all is tending that way, and the late Tycoon declared as much in his conversation In everything else the government is exerting itself for the good of the people. We do not in- deed approve of its acts in several matters of leading importance. But in this matter of perse- cuting for religion's sake she is condemned by the whole world. And the worst of it is, that having shewn so active a spirit of persecu- tion, the old immobility returns, and her govern- ors are deaf to remon- strances. There is no reconsidering; no chance given for the admission of mercy. There is no knowledge even, or en- quiry into the tenets, of their faith. They are simply christians — and on the mere name they are condemned, without appeal. Such is one of the steps, with which the with foreign ministers, before his fall. All the power the Japan- ese can put forth could not suffice to keep the country closed, if our governments chose to insist upon its being thrown open; and the present holders of power, knowing this, and fan- cying that we should have made the demand and insisted on compliance, used the professing christians as a warning to us of the consequences of any successful attempts in spreading the faith; and as a warning to the people against accepting it. When the real state of religion throughout the country is considered, this is very sad. For half of the people laugh at the absurdities they are told to believe, and really have no knowledge of the fundamental principles of Buddhism ; and few can tell the difference between that religion and the older religion of Japan—Sintooism. The so-called christians even, although suffering for their faith, have retained little but the name; and so far as we can learn, had neither priests nor churches. Indeed it is hard to conceive in what way they differ from the rest of their countrymen. We cannot therefore but deprecate the activity of the government with regard to them; and regret that, at a time when the eyes of the world are largely turned upon Japan; when all are observing the rapid strides she is taking in her endeavours to make up for ages of isolation, they should behold her taking so false, so disgraceful, a step as she has done in the case of the christians. THE CAMPANILE. government, of course urged on by the Kioto churchmen, inaugarated the return of power into the hands of the Mikado. Can they imagine that this was a fit way to render that power popular? If they do, they are very much mistaken. But however that may be, their attention may now be called to the proceedings in China. They will see that the days of Pappenburg and presentationaregone. The Chinese Government must undergo a very deep humiliation. It remains to be seen in what shape. In all probability the Emperor will have to make a very abject apology, and take the missionaries under his special protection, extending to them privileges with regard to their teaching and preaching, such as they had not before. He will have to pay an immense indemnity; and he will have to make such concessions to foreigners generally, as, although really for the good of his empire, he is very unwilling to make. His only alternative will be war. He may refuse to apologize. He may decline the payment of any indemnity, or the making any further concessions to foreigners. In that case, he will find himself in an infinitely worse condition. The Treaty Powers will then take at the cannon's mouth far more; for in addition to all these demands, his exchequer will be made to pay the expenses of the war. In any case, it is certain that the Tientsin massacre will lead to such humiliation for China, as we should extremely regret seeing Japan subjected to. TIETIE E'_A. IF, IELA-ST. 3 Japan then must set aside the persecuting spirit. She must allow her people to exercise their judgment in religion as in all else, and leave it to take its natural course, unmolested. Sure- ly the Mikado himself must like better that his subjects should serve him from love, than that they be compelled to serve him with a sword held over them. If his religion be a true one, it will stand against all opposition; if false, let it give place to one that is true. - If the government would see the country prosper, they will find it to their interest to take advice on other things besides finance, commerce, railways, and systems and appliances of war. They will be none the worse for carrying the spirit of progress into everything with which they have to do. - They must watch the course of events in China during the next few months; and they will see some of the evils arising out of fanaticism and superstition; and may profit thereby. ºn gluºnions. UR illustrations in this number, comprise—The Campanile of Mio-kioji. A Japanese Kuruma, or cart. A view of the American Minister's house, Yokohama. Prince Satsuma's Band–Buglers, fifers and Drummers ;—and a Country shop. COUNTRY SHOP. HE shop here depicted is at a little village on the banks of T. Logo—the river that of old formed the boundary beyond which foreigners might not pass in the direction of Yedo. As will be seen it is a crockery shop, and the sign which hangs to the right belongs to the next door, and proclaims it a sugar store. The building here shewn is a good sample of the better class of country shops. It is built fire proof; the walls being thick layers of mud, over a wooden frame, smoothly glazed, so as to present a beautiful white polished surface. Under the heavy tiling also, is a roof of thick mud. These ºre found sufficient to resist the short exposure to flame that most Japanese fires afford, and in Yedo or in any large fires, it is strange to look on a whole district desolated by the destructive element, the wooden dwellings swept away in toto, and these buildings still standing among the debris. THE CAMPANILE. APAN has ever been famous for its bells, many of which are very large—one in particular, of such a size as to throw the largest bells in Europe into the shade. Humbert tells of one at Miako, in a temple called the Temple of 33,333, be- cause that is the number of idols it contains. He says it is the largest bell in the world. We presume, therefore, that it is the same as that described by Klaproth, the height of which he states to be seventeen feet two and a half inches, and its weight two millions and sixty six pounds—just about five times greater than the great bell at Moscow. These bells are attached to temples, and are only used for striking the hours. They are generally suspended in such a campanile as that pictured on page 2, and are sounded by means of a billet of wood as seen in the photograph. Some of the campaniles are very handsome, although all of the same general design; but most of them, even those attached to large and important tem- ples, are as plain as this. Before the hills overhanging Yokohama to the South East were sold to foreigners for residences, there was a charmingly shady walk leading from their summit down to the Homoco valley on the other side of them, which was one of the most pleasant of all the approaches to the valley. A farm house or two stood on one side of it, on the other a spur of the hill rose abruptly, heavily wooded with trees of many kinds, from the full grown forest tree to the feathery bamboo, the trunks presenting every variety of arborescent form, their leaves de- lighting the eye with every shade of arborescent colour. At the foot of this precipitous bank or spur, separating it from the path, ran a clear rivulet, its sides lined with ferns of many kinds. Yet, strangely enough, not half of the residents who frequently passed that way, were aware that at the top of a high, broad flight of stone steps that sprung from the path up the side of the hill, stood a large temple and priestly es- tablishment. Now all the beauty is entirely effaced. The path has been widened, the rivulet is a dirty ditch and throughout its entire length Japanese shops of the humbler sort are built on both sides of the road. The pretty lane is now no- thing but a muddy street, and the country it led to is uglified by a dirty village stretching away on both sides of a road made originally as an approach to our once beautiful rifle range. The temple grounds on the hill are already beseiged by the ever increasing roll of the foreign tide; the Bluff Public Gar- den comes to their boundaries, and even now an arrange- ment has been or is being made by which some kind of con- trol over the trees of the domain is in the hands of the com- mittee. Yet, although it is so hemmed in on all sides by foreign residences and gardens, only a limited number of fo- reigners know of its existence to this day—so completely are all its buildings shut in, and hidden from view by the foliage amid which they stand. It is the Sintoo temple Mio-kioji. Our campanile is that attached to this temple; and many who are ignorant of its locality must have been struck with the rich depth and roundness of its tone as twelve times in the day and night, it is made to proclaim the flight of time. On our artists' visit to this temple for the purpose of taking the portrait of the bell and its thatch-covered belfry, his ears were saluted by the discordant sounds of instruments—bugles and flutes, as it seemed many in number, and all playing a different tune. On coming in sight of the temple he descried a number of young Japanese, most of them within the temple building, practising English tunes and military calls, on fifes, bugles and even cavalry trumpets. They were SATSUIMA'S BAND– NUMBER of youths, all of the class entitled to wear two swords, all belonging to Prince Satsuma. They are learning foreign music, under the tuition of Mr. Fenton, the band-master of H.M. 1st batt. 10th Regiment. We con- fess that the discord was no longer thought of, in the interest we felt in this first attempt to form a regular band of music in Japan. The master asked our artist to take a picture of the band, and whilst he did so, we gathered the information that these youths, about thirty in number, are living in this temple and in houses immediately in its neighborhood, and receiving instruction twice a day from Mr. Fenton. They have made such progress already, that they read and write music well. Their books were shown to us, and the ruling and copying, all 6 TIEITE IF A-TE, IELA-ST- done by themselves, were equal to the best of our manuscript books. They play all the bugle calls, well. They play easy tunes on the fife remarkably well; and that we might not be doubtful on this point, when they had fallen in, and stood in position awaiting the completion of the photographer's pre- parations, they played a number of marches and tunes— one being a hornpipe. The drummers were still better up to the mark; and we could not but express our interest in this experiment. As will be seen, some of the youths have quite the appearance of gentlemen, and all are remarkably intelligent and good-humoured. They seemed to like their occupation and their master very much; and the latter appear- ed to be enthusiastic concerning them. The most remarkable fact connected with the band is, that most of the instruments have been made in Japan—not on scientific principles by scien- tific instrument makers, but by mere turners and copper work- ers, imitating models given to them. Under these circumstances it is not surprising that the fifes are not perfectly in tune—but it is surprising that they are as nearly so as they are. The fifes are 4 keyed instruments, and cost one dollar and a half each—some being made in Yedo and some in Yokohama. In London the originals after which they were made cost twelve shillings. The officer standing in front with a stick, is merely appointed to look after those under instruction, and generally to command and superintend them. They ordinarily practise in their Japanese clothes; but the moment it was proposed by their master that they should dress themselves in their uni- forms for a picture, than two of the buglers sounded the call to “dress,” and although some had to go down to the village to change their habiliments, in ten minutes all were in their places, and as we have said, playing away as cheerfully as possible. For this band, instruments of all kinds used in military bands, and of the best quality, have been ordered from Messrs. Distin, of London. They are daily expected. And within three months of their arrival, Mr. Fenton expects his pupils will be fit for public performances of easy music. THE U. S. MINISTER'S RESIDENCE. HE advent of Mr. De Long as U. S. Minister to Japan was marked by the publication of despatches to his Gov- ernment, which elicited a great deal of comment in the Ameri: can papers. Among the rest of the demands he made upon the U. S. Government, was provision for a legation residence —a demand which seems to us a very reasonable one. On his arrival here, there being no American Legation, he purchased the house on the Bluff built by, and the private property of, his predecessor, General WAN WALKENBURGH. It has the advantage of a fine commanding site, overlooking the settle- ment, and with a fine view of the Yokohama valley and the harbour—but the grounds are very limited ; and the house itself is small. RURUMA. T is a remarkable thing that the Japanese, who have both two and four wheeled vehicles, and some decently wide roads, have never until now used carriages as a means of locomotion. The laws of etiquette that have prevailed have probably militated against it; as even when two nobles met in their morimons, on the highway, it was the rule that the inferior in point of rank should make as if he would get out of his, and etiquette demanded that the other should notice his act and request him not to do so. So too, it was a rare thing for a noble to mount his horse in the public street, be- cause he would have to dismount in case of meeting a greater than he. Now, things are so far altered, that there are coaches and carriages of all kinds plying between Yedo and *Yokohama, and they are mainly supported by Japanese. The common cart however, for the convenience of heavy goods or materials has long been in use; sometimes drawn by an ox, but generally by four men, in the way shown in the picture; two before, pulling; and two behind, pushing. They are of a somewhat clumsy construction, but the principle on which the wheels are made must be a good one, considering that although they have to bear great weights and often travel over very rough roads, they last a very long time, hardly ever breaking down or coming to grief; and yet they have no tires whatever. The coolies who drag them, after the manner of Eastern nations in general, keep step and pull together to a tiresome, loud, monotonous “Ha,” “Hoi,” alternately uttered by the two men in front. Some enterprising Americans, Messrs. JAMEs & WILsoN and Mr. CoPELAND have introduced horse drays, with which a large proportion of the foreign drayage is done in Yokohama, but such is the increase of work to be done every year, that the number of these native drays still increases—and at the Japanese wharf the number loading and discharging is always very great. The period. A” ATTEMPT is being made by the Japanese authorities to put a stop to the smoking of opium among the Chinese ; probably with a view to the prevention of its spreading amongst the natives. A notification has been issued forbidding the importation of the drug, and warning Chinamen that any who are found with it in their possession will be pun- ished, besides having all their stock seized. In order to carry out this edict, the female employées of all the Chinese houses have been called up before the officers of the Saibansho, warned against the use of opium, and ordered to report in case they should know of any being in the houses where they are. Japanese espionage may work wonders, but it will never put a stop to opium-smoking or gambling among the celestials. Isºlº reached us by the mail steamer from Shanghai, to the effect that a massacre had taken place of all the French Roman Catholic priests and Sisters of Mercy at Tientsin. the Shanghai Men's Letter. A" Tientsin, a large establishment holding some 200 children, has been under charge of the Sisters of Charity. They have worked well and zealously for the education of the Chinese children, and so far with every success; but after the proclamations were posted at the northern ports, their work became difficult and dangerous. At last notices were posted, exciting the people to destroy the mission- ary houses and churches. The people collect in hundreds, and were soon given to understand by their leaders what was needed of them. The Chinese authorities in the meanwhile, as every where else at such times, did nothing or worse than nothing; they helped on the riots in an under- hand way. On the 19th June, a crowd assembled in the native city, one and-a-half miles above the foreign bund. After a time the French Con- sul, who lived in that quarter, succeeded in inducing the people to dis- perse. They moved away but still exhibited signs of hostility to For- eigners. Dr. Frazer, a physician at Tientsin, met the crowd and narrow- ly escaped a beating by the swiftness of his horse. On the 20th, some French priests were beaten. and the French Consul, Mr. Fontanier, noti- The following is from TIEIIHE E'_A_IE, IE-A-ST. 7 fied H. E. Chung-how at the Yamén, of the fact, and requested him to put a stop at once to the tumult. About 12 M. on the 21st June, the French Consul and guests, Mr. Thomassin, Secretary of legation at Pekin, and his wife, (both of whom had but just arrived out from France,) toge- ther with Mr. Coutris were at tiffin, when a multitude of excited Chinese came towards the house, shouting and yelling, and demanding that all the children should be given back to them. Stones and other missiles were thrown at the Consulate, breaking the windows and damaging the table around which the lady and gentlemen were seated. The Con- sul and his friend Mr. Thomassin put on their uniforms, and went out to endeavor to disperse the mob. They found the Chinese would not obey; therefore leaving the lady for a time in the house, they all went towards the Yamen, an eighth of a mile distant. On the way there Mr. Thomassin, finding the matter wearing a more serious look than he had at first ex- pected, returned to protect his wife. Mr. Courtis here became separated from his friends, and the French Consul and his Secretary walked into numbers overpowered her, and she was killed by the blow of a sharp in- strument on the back of her head. The Consulate buildings were then burnt and destroyed. In the mean- while the Convent house of the Sisters of Charity and the French Cathe- dral were being assaulted by the mob. A priest at the doorway was killed, and ten women quickly shared the same fate; but in a more hor- rible manner. Most of them were beaten, their clothes torn off, and then they were seized. and placed on their heads against the convent wall, and hacked to pieces in the most savage manner—their eyes dug out, their breasts cut off, and every cruelty that savage brutes can effect, too sicken- ing here to narrate, was perpetrated. One of the sisters named Louise, and well-known as a faithful and constant attendant at the hospital in Shanghai, was reported to have escaped in a Chinese dress, and thus con- cealed by some Chinese female friends until night; when attempting to go back to the convent, her European shoes discovered her to be a white woman, and she was quickly taken and killed. Her body was thrown into \ ºw \ THE KURUMA. the Yamen and demanded an interview with Chung, the military Gov- ernor of the province. The crowd pressed all about the Consul, using threatening language. Chung could not or would not help him. It is known that the Consul fired off his revolver, but it is thought to have been accidently discharged while he was being pushed and crowded in the audience chamber. At all events there was no one hurt by the pistol, which would not have been the case had it been raised. The Consul, finding himself hard pushed, and without the chance of any help being afforded by Chung, turned and left the Yamen for his house. He had not gone many steps before he was seized by the Chinese, his uniform torn off, his body beaten, and eventually cut and stabbed with knives and spears. His death must have occurred about the same time as Mr. Tho- massin's; the one near the Yamen, the other near the Consulate. Mr. Thomassin was fated never to see his wife again; he fell beneath the spears of the Chinese. The sight of blood now warmed the ruffians to their appointed work, and they rushed to the French Consulate. Madame Thomassin met them bravely at the doorway with a pistol in hand. One, two, and some say three, Chinaman fell before her pistol shots, when the river. The Chinese burnt the Cathedral and Convent buildings, ana, it is snpposed at least sixty Chinese children perished in the cellars of the building, where they had fled for safety. The bodies of the sisters were thrown back into the buildings after being killed, and burnt. Their charred remains were afterwards collected by the orders of Chung, and sent down to the Foreign quarter of Tientsin. The butchery did not end here. A Russian officer, Mr. Protopopoff, with his wife, married but the day before, were riding with a Russian gentleman named Basscoff, near the French Censulate, when they were set upon by the mob and killed. Their bodies were thrown into the river. Mr. Chalmaison and Madame Chalmaison, Mr. Simon, Secretary at the French Consulate, were the further victims of the Chinese. Mr. Coutris was the only Frenchman in Tientsin who escaped with his life. He was concealed after he managed to elude his pursuers, and made his appear- ance in the foreign settlement the following night after the massacre. Mr. Staman, a German, with his family, escaped, being hid in a stable some thirty-six hours. 8 Tºº F.A.E, IE.A.ST. From Mr. Coutris we have been able to obtain the name list of the slain, and they are as follows:- Henri Fontanier, French Consul at Tientsin, Mr. Simon, Secretary of the Consulate, M. Thomassien, French Interpreter of the Legation at Pekin, and wife, guests of the French Consul. Pere Chevrier, a Catholic priest, Mr. Protopopoff, a Russian officer, and wife; Mr. Bascoff, a Fur merchant. Sister Louise, an English subject, with Sisters of Charity Mary, Louisa, Victoria, Theresa, Josephine, Vincenta, Orelia, Eugenie; Monsieur and Madame Chalmaison. The Chinese next turned towards the Protestant Mission. Here they found that their would-be victims had fled. The houses and chapels were destroyed, after which, having completed their work of destruction, the mob disappeared as quickly as it had formed. - N the 6th instant, an affray took place in the streets of Yokohama, between some Malay seamen of the P. & O. Steamers Ottawa and Ca- dis, which ended in the death of one of them and the severe wounding of another. - HE mutinous crew of the San Salvador ship F. A. Palmer have been tried by a mixed Court, composed of Japanese and Foreign Consular officers. Six of them were sentenced to 10 days imprisonment in irons in the Japanese gaol, and six to thirty days. B. M. ships Salamis and Barrosa left for China on the 9th instant. H, The Salamis with Admiral Kellet on board, goes to Chefoo, the Barrosa to Shanghai. The French frigate Venus left the following day. H.M. Ironclad Ocean, which arrived on the 14th, is expected to go to Nagasaki to await the Admiral's orders. NYedo, with a view to relieving some of the existing distress, the I Government has ordered the deepening or a portion of the outer moat of the Castle, opposite one of the Yashikies of Prince Mito. All who choose to work at it may; the plan adopted being that every one who carries the mud from the water's edge to the place where it is to be thrown has to pass a certain narrow space, where stands an officer who drops a single cash on each load. The number of men, women and children of all ages so earning wages to keep them from starvation is prodigious.” - OWARDS the conclusion of the late war, an explosion happened on board the Kerranee, one of the Imperial men of war, which caused her to sink. She was raised some months ago, by the Japanese without any foreign assistance, and having been docked and refitted, is now ready for sea. A PUBLIC recreation ground is being laid out in Yedo, at a spot which commands one of the finest and most extensive views of the city; and we are informed that much of the ground formerly covered by the houses Tycoon's of retainers—hatamotos, is to be cleared and planted with mulberry trees. Th; most prominent local incident that has happened in Yokohama since our last issue, has been the death of Captain Gilfillan, whilst undergoing an operation under the influence of chloroform. Deceased having been unwell for some time previously, had taken a trip into the country with some friends; but having no appetite, and consequently being unable to eat, had not the strength to perform the journey, as he essayed to do, on horseback. On his way back he was so exhausted, that he fell from his horse and dislocated his shoulder. He was brought into the settlement in a Japanese cango, and taken to the International hotel. In the afternoon of the following day Dr. Dalliston was sent for, and tried to set the shoulder—but the pain was so great that Capt. Gilfillan declared he could not bear it. It was determined therefore to admir, ster chloroform; and there being several persons present, one of whom in particular, had both experienced its effects on himself, and used it in the case of others, Dr. Dalliston proceeded with the operation. Altogether about an ounce and a quarter was administered, when, without any kind of warning, although according to the evidence at an enquiry that was held next day before H. B. M. Consul, every care was taken short of sending for another medical assistant, the action of the heart suddenly stopped, and with a gasp, life became extinct. All that could be done then was immediately put in action, but without result. The enquiry took rather the form of a preliminary trial of Dr. Dalliston than of a Coroner's inquest—and instead of examining him as the principal wit- ness, the Consul warned him that anything he might say might be used against him, but not in his favour; so that the Jury had not the advan- tage of hearing the only competent witness as to the cause of death. The verdict brought in, in dead opposition to the evidence both of the medi- cal witnesses and of those who were present, who knew anything about chloroform, was that the death arose from the effects of chloroform ad- ministered by Dr. Dalliston without a proper degree of care. The Consul then bound over Dr. Dalliston in very heavy sureties to appear if called upon to take his trial for “wilful homicide.” The decision and every- thing connected with the Consul's action in respect of the trial has met with universal reprobation throughout the entire settlement. THE PERMANENT ARRANGEMENT OF ** Tº H. E. F.A. IFE IEE A S T , ” IS: THAT IT SHALL BE PUBLISHED ON THE 1st AND 16th OF EVERY MONTH . Office No. 55 Main Street, Yokohama, OR JAPAN GAZETTE” PRINTING OFFICE, NO. 87. Printed and published for the proprietors by JAMES, B. ANGLIN, at the “Japan Gazrrrr" printing office, No. 87, Main Street, Yokohama. TIETIE ETA-IP, IE.A.ST. 3 Two centuries and a half ago all this was going on. Time which works changes in everything has been true to its tradi- tions here. It has worked wonders. Throughout the east, the Dutch succeeded in displacing the brave and enterprising Portuguese. And subsequently were themselves supplanted by their old competitors, the English. The company that wrought so powerfully for Holland is still in existence in a modified form, and is still represented in Japan. The com- pany that represented the enterprise of England in these days was the means of adding to England's crown its most valued gem—the richest possession over which any European sove- reign has sway. But as a trading company it is long since de- funct. It was found that its action—though per se full of vi- gour, full of enterprise—proved an incubus on the general in- terests of Commerce. The monopoly was therefore swept away, and then arose that active spirit of honourable rivalry which has added so vastly to the wealth of the world. We say “of the world” advisedly—for although individuals suf- fered through the breaking through of the old monopolies—the great mass of traders benefitted largely; and the full develop- ment of free trade in all its various branches has admitted all nations to bear a share in the enormous trade of Great Britain, to their mutual advantage. There was a time when we thought that free trade would be a fine thing for Japan. Under its present circumstances we are not of that opinion, but we believe that the time may come when it is so. At present we desire that the road of enter- prise on which they have fairly entered, may be traversed cautiously. But they will find it much to their interest to study the history of the nations with whom their own tradi- tions are most intermixed, and found their plans of action on the natural deductions. Holland, though small, has ever been able to hold a free and independent position among nations by reason of the wealth which the enterprise of its merchants ac- cumulated, and the bravery of its warriors protected. Great Britain, sea-girt like Japan and no larger, occupies her pre- sent position, not only by her commerce and her bravery, but by the high character of her merchants and her justiciary, and the generous and impartial manner in which she deals with all the world. Every man of every nationality knows that in a British Court he will obtain an honest judgment, whether for or against him; and that, under all circumstances, the dishon- est dealer must be judged at the bar of public opinion as well as by the legal tribunal; and condemnation is sure to follow any reprehensible transaction. By comparing the position of the commercial powers with that of the military, a lesson may be learnt which of all others Japan most requires. Amongst the greatest advances she could make would be to encourage individual enterprise among her people. They are fast learning the lessons of commerce. It is for the govern- ment to facilitate their carrying them out to their fullest, most natural and most profitable extent. The 3'lustration; he illustrations in the present number require little further description than is given in their titles and in the “Canoe trip." The view on the river of our friends just “taking to the boat,"andthe up-river view above Tana, in the direction of Oung- oura are described in the notes of the up-river trip; the village of Atsungi from the river more properly belongs to the trip down the river which was undertaken the following day, and which will be described, and illustrated by some very interesting views including one of Inosima, in our next. “The British Minister's residence on the Bluff, Yokohama,” is the large house to the left in the picture; the house to the right is that of the Secretary of H. B. M.'s Legation; but as the present holder of that important post, is generally resident in Yedo, there is a talk of the house being appropriated as the residence of Sir Edmund Hornby, the Chief Judge of H. B. M. Supreme Court for China and Japan, who is expected by the next steamer. The small picture entitled “A Bluff Residence,” represents the house belonging to Admiral Sir Henry Keppel, K. C. B., and in which he resided during the short time he was able to be in Yokohama towards the latter period of his command in these regions. From its situation and its proprietor, the bluff and brave old seaman, it is doubly entitled to the name we have given it. MIDZIYA, OR WATER COOLIE. hese men are in requestin by far the greater portion of the foreign settlement of Yokohama. In most cases they are paid a small sum monthly to supply a certain quantity of water daily; whilst in other cases, they are regularly engaged with the other servants of the house, and are employed in all the heavy or coolie work, in addition to their water carrying. The ground on which Yokohama was built originally was always terra firma, and beautiful spring water is found at a depth of a few feet below the surface ; but the larger portion of the settlement now, is ground reclaimed from a salt swamp; consequently there is nothing but salt water to be obtained by digging, and the supply for these quarters has to be brought a considerable dis- tance. In all the streets of the towns and villages throughout Japan are large public wells, from which anyone may draw water on a payment of a very trifling sum; and generally these are the sources of supply. But recently an enterprising French- man, M. Gerard, has completed the laying down of pipes, through which he conveys very superior water from the gullies about a mile from the settlement, into the centre of the re- claimed ground. In future, therefore, the supply will be un- failing in all seasons, which it can hardly be said to have been hitherto; and as the price is low, no doubt, all will use the soft water from the hills. But the midziyas will still be to the fore, as he makes use of them to carry water to the houses, in preference to allowing it to be laid on by pipes. There have been one or two water schemes started; but M. Gerard went to work and has been at great cost to complete his undertaking. His trouble, outlay, and above all his public spirit, have been conspicuous, and we trust will be found to be renumerative. (The period. HE BLUFE PUBLIC GARDENs, which were got up some four or five months ago with some difficulty, are now in a state of incertitude, by reason of the differences of opinion among the members of Committee. Mr. W. H. Smith, who undoubtably was the moving spirit in their con- TIETIE ET.A.I.R. E.A.ST. 7 whilst one might be seen with a long pole across his shoulder, gress was but slow for the first hour or so. We at last reached on either end of which were perched two or three tame cor- a lovely pool some 500 yards in length,f a paddle on which morants also on their way to the river side for their day's and along the beautiful wooded banks quite made up for the avocation. previous hard work, the air being quite laden with the scent TAKING To THE CANoes. 8 A.M. found us down at the noisy river side, and our of numerous white and yellow lilies peering out of the dense canoes awaiting us in a branch of the stream. A long stretch foliage, and pretty little cascades came showering down of rapids lay for at least a mile before us, to combat through the lower shrubbery. which we had to set to work and tow our craft up the This luxurious mode of travelling, as may be presumed, - ATsUNGI—00YAMA IN THE DISTANCE. edge of the stream; this was by no means pleasant work did not last very long, for we soon found ourselves at the foot owing to the loose stony bank, over which walking alone of still worse rapids, in shooting across which we got into a was quite an undertaking much more so having boats in tow; series of eddies that at first whipped us off down stream, until and a wading shoe having been lost in the torrent, our pro- t—See Illustration page 8 TIEEE, IEFA E, E.A.ST. suddenly meeting a counter whirlpool, we were shot round in an opposite direction, the suddenness and the pace quite taking our breath away for a few seconds; and this was only a slight sample of what we saw before us in the shape of rapid broken water. Taking refuge in a deep, clear and in- tensely cold pool, apparently issuing from an under spring, as the temperature and colour of the water were totally differ- ent from that of the river itself, we landed to reconnoitre the course ahead of us: there we were witness of an extraordinarily exciting fishing scene of natives and cormorants. First came two men alternately jumping and swimming down the rapids, sometimes only knee deep, sometimes with nothing but their large straw hats visible above the stream, and going at a pace perfectly regardless of the rocks or force of the torrent, dragging with them a broad stretch of netting ; following them was a large flock of some 30 or 40 cormorants, most assiduously appearing and disappearing in their dives, apparently after vagrant fish. In their rear came more men also joining in the reckless chase, and threshing the water with poles and planks. They were past us in a few seconds, and we eventu- ally saw them finish their haul in the pool we had just pad- dled over—the whole flock of cormorants most obediently com- ing to land when called by the men. It was most amusing to watch the eagerness with which these birds joined in the chase as long as it lasted, and the utterly indifferent manner in which they came to shore and availed themselves of the sunshine to plume themselves. Whilst some stood perfectly mute with their wings outstretched to the breeze, another group were gabbling away to each other in their harsh gutteral notes, all apparently perfectly contented with their present mode of existence. At this point in the river we found that by trans- porting our boats across an intervening bank we might save ourselves half an hour's hard work of towing; this we did, and, alternately shouldering each other's craft every hundred yards, got safely over to the opposite side. Here again con- stant rushes and drops in the river kept us hard at work tow- ing for another hour, when we had the satisfaction of alighting on another deep, quiet reach where we moored our canoes alongside some rocks, off which we had some capital headers, and a refreshing swim then setting to work, we cooked an excellent breakfast, with the aid of our car ttle apparatus. A couple of plates of hot soup, Irisi w and poached eggs were served up in a few minutes. We had flattered ourselves that we had dodged the natives by encamping on this inaccessible bank of the river, but they managed to espy us and somehow came across in their flat bottomed boats, soon forming an admiring group of country boys and girls, who were, however, very well behaved and apparently highly astonished at our craft and cooking. About noon we again set to work, towing up some very rough rapids; the river swept down with terrific force un- der a steep forest-clad range of hills, and at one place itérush- ed into a sharp, precipitous gorge in the mountains, where the torrent came to a dead stoppage, eddying out in formidable whirlpools, through which we were of opinion it would have been almost impossible for our tiny craft to have lived. Another half hour's towing brought us out on the Oung- oura reach, the site of the cross ferry from Hatchogee, and just 6 miles above Tana, up which a fresh breeze was blow- ing, to which we gladly set sail and span away at a rattling pace over the light tide running. Passing the beautiful scenery of the ferry and round some noble rocks, here forming a bend in theriver, a magnificent view opened out of the rapid stream wending its way between densely wooded hills covered with forests from the river side to their summits. We were now fairly amongst the Ooyama range of moun- tains, and much regretted that time would not admit of a fur- ther exploration of this most interesting, and to Europeans, unknown country; as from the native map we could trace the river away through these hills, taking its iource as far inland to the westward as Fusiyama itself. Here at 8 P.M., after having landed and stretched our legs, we put our boats to rights preparatory to the voyage down, and decided on not attempting to drop down and pass the gorge and its whirlpools. So after paddling back past Oung-oura, we took up to the left of the river and where its course was diverted up a large weir, ending in a series of mill streams and another weir—all of which gave us a rather lively time of it, transporting our canoes over the drops in the weirs—with any amount of bump- ing over shallow branches and jumping in and out of our craft to lighten them over the brooks. 4 P.M. once more saw us safely launched on the broad river, away down which we went at a tremendous pace, having great excitement in the rough seas of the rapids, leaping up us high as our shoulders on either side, but oddly enough few of them broke fairly over us or our craft. A very fair estimate may be formed of the stiffness of our morning's work, and the force of the stream from the fact that we dropped back to Tana in an hour, over ground that we had taken no less than five hours to ascend; in fact it was quite a pleasant novelty being thus able to retain our seats, and enjoy the luxury of floating down with a six knot current; more particularly as our feet were in a sad state of irritability, after so much toiling over the loose and slippery stones of the morning's trip. Soon after at 5 P.M. we landed at Tana, and having sent for our coolies had our boats carried safely up to “Yoshi- diah,” the tea-house; settled down comfortably, preparatory to our anticipated long journey of to-morrow. (To be Continued.) PUBLISHED ON T H E 1 St A NID 1 6th OF EVERY MO N THI. 0ffice No. 55 Main OR Street, Yokohama, “JAPAN GAZETTE” FERINTING OFFICE, NO. 87. Printed and published for the proprietors by JAMES R. ANGLIN, at the “JAPAN Gazette” printing office, No. 87, Main Street, Yokohama. TIETIE, IET ALIE, ELA-ST- 3 prietors interfere as they do with the foreign manager (who is jthing that is obliging and thoroughly competent), they ºnnot hope for real success for their speculation. The numerous empty rooms allowed of ample, accommoda- tion being found for the sufferers by the explosion of the Cºty of Yedo's boiler, and for some days the hotel was turned into an hospital. Gradually, however, all the patients have been removed, and it has now resumed its wonted appearance. TANA. pictures are given as taken as connected with the 3. #: . The #. of Tana, from the heights; Wiew taken from §. hotel; The hotel 5. with the mistress of the house, two children, four hotel servants and an old gar- dener. The weather was so bad that it was impossible for our artist to get good artistic pictures—and he was obliged to forego the down river views altogether. Inosima also was so constantly covered with mist, that he was obliged to defer taking it until another opportunity. The temples at Kamakura were taken in passing overland to Kanasawa. A small picture of these has already been given, but as all these temples, with the exception of Hatchiman-sama (on the top of the long flight of steps), are sold to carpenters in Yokohama, and are actually in course of demolition, our artist thought a full-sized plate of them would be acceptable to Qur readers. . They will see that the courtyard, which used to be so quiet, is now occupied by old women's stalls, and noisy children are playing there. Ali the lower temples have lost their interior decora- tions and altars, except one—that with the large prayer cylin- der—and that is closed. Ichabod! Truly the glory of Kamakura has now departed, and in a few days the temples depicted on page 4 will be things of the past. Whe period. TH: 1st of August will in future be essentially a black letter day in the annals of the intercourse between Yedo and Yokohama. For nearly two years the communications have been increasing, and not only do we see that the road, hitherto innocent of wheels, is now covered with wheeled vehicles of many descriptions from the four horse coach to the one horse chaise, but steamboats have been plying regularly, and both by land and sea the passengers have been legion. One of the steamers was owned solely by foreigners, the others by Japanese. The former was built here, and was the first boat of her size and capacity turned out by our local yards. Her boiler was high-pressure, and of peculiar construc- tion, and had recently been overhauled, and had new pipes throughout, by professional boiler-makers. For many months she had been running with somewhat defective tubes, but with care, the boiler had held out, and we doubt not that with care it would have continued to do its work without danger; but the carelessness or ignorance of a man, evidently no engineer, but who was permitted to act as such, led to a disaster of a most fatal character. On Monday, afternoon, the 1st of August, just as the vessel was unmooring at the Hatoba, Yedo, to start for Yokohama, the boiler blew up, hurling nearly or quite 150 persons into the water, wounding almost every one, and killing an American missionary Mr. Cornes, his wife, one of their infant children and their English nurse- maid, Mr. Cassidy the acting-engineer, and very many Japanese. The moment the noise of the explosion was heard, all the foreigners in the settlement, and great numbers of natives rushed down to the wharf to ascertain the amount of damage done, and afford relief to the sufferers, The first on board was an eminent Japanese surgeon—Dr. Mats'moto,- educated at the Dutch hospital, Nagasaki, and formerly attached to the Court of the Tycoon—who happened to be walking with Mr. Schnell in the garden of the Hotel, close to which is the wharfat which the accident happened. He was quickly followed by others, Japanese and foreigners, and all outstrove each other to rescue the j most of whom were struggling in the water, and to ascertain whether there were any bodies on board. They found but few. The boiler had exploded laterally, parting in the middle. The forward part dashed through everything into the fore cabin, killing all therein, with the exception of a little baby who was in its nurse's arms—the nurse was killed. e other portion of the boiler blew out astern, tearing up the deck and everything else, and was so completely broken into little bits, that no bulky portion of it could be found. The Captain, Mr. Crowninshield was on the bridge, immediately above the front of the boiler, but he was only thrown overboard with the bridge itself and a portion of the paddle box. The passengers on deck were all blown into the water but one, Mr. Skinner, late chief engineer of Japanese steamer Tomio Maro, who, though very much scalded himself, ing a child's cry in the cabin, went down and found the baby—four month's old—belonging to Mr. and Mrs. Cornes lying slightly scalded, and no distance from it, the dead nurse. Baron von Siebold. of the Eng- lish Legation, was early on board and found the body of Mr. Cornes quite nude—his face scarcely recognisable, his breast laid open and his heart actually across his neck. He also found Mrs. Cornes and her eldest child about 18 months old; besides Mary Simmons, a young girl 13 years of age, the daughter of a soldier in H.M. 10th Regiment who was nurse. maid with Mrs. Cornes. The Engineer's body was found the next day- and many Japanese were found in the cabin, under the portion of the boiler. Several Japanese were drowned or so injured by the explosion as not to be taken out of the water alive. The wounded were quickly as possi- ble conveyed into the Yedo Hotel, which for the nonce was converted into a vast hospital. Dr. Wheeler, R.N. of H. B. M.'s Legation, was sent for and lost no time in responding to the summons, and from that time, so long as there remained a sufferer in the house, he was unremitting in his devotion to the wounded. Telegrams reached Yokohama about 4.30 P.M., and Dr. Orton, of H. M.'s 1st 10th Regiment, Dr. de Jong, and others hastened up—and though four or five hours had elapsed and Dr. Mats'mo'o and Dr. Wheeler had been hard at work since the disaster, so numerous and so bad were the wounded, that all found plenty to do all through the night. The Japanese proprietors of the hotel, at first shewed no great willingness to receive the wounded ; and probably they may be somewhat excused, when it is considered that the number of the injured was very great, and there was no apparent prospect of receiving any re- muneration, either for the accommodation or the necessary things that were demanded of them. In marked contrast to their conduct, may be mentioned that of Mrs. Green, of the Grand Hotel, Yokohama, and her sister, Mrs. Anderson: who immediately on ascertaining the terrible na- ture of the accident, packed up a quantity of º: that women know are requisite in such cases, and drove up to the hotel to see what they could do towards alleviating the anguish of the patients. There were about 150 Japanese on board, at the time of the explosion. The following is a correct statement of the injury done to foreigners:— H. W. Crowninshield, Captain; not injured, but much shaken and bruised. Mr. Cassidy, Acting-engineer; body much broken, death must have been instantaneous. Mr. Cornes; found perfectly nude, anterior. rtion of thorax and head and one arm blowu away; other injuries,— §. instantaneous. Mrs. Cornes; much scalded and limbs injured— death instantaneous, dress torn. Child of Mr. and Mrs. Cornes; skull blown off from nose to occupital bone—death instantaneous. Nurse girl; scalded and bruised, dress torn—death instantaneous. Mrs. Cornes's young baby; scalded on hand, leg and face—doing well. Mr. Wills; fractured humerus of left arm, incised wound on lower anterior portion of tibia—doing well, not scalded. Mr. Skinner; badly scalded on legs, arms, hands, &c., and burned rescuing a child—doing fairly. Mr. Milne (S. S. Aden); badly scalded. Mr. Black; cut on head. Mr. Daniels (S. S. Aden); badly scalded. The Japanese officials return the following as the number of Japanese on board including crew: l --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- 9 Since dead from injuries received ... --- --- ... 62 Under treatment --- --- --- --- --- ... 64 Unhurt ... --- --- --- --- --- --- ... 18 Tetal ... ... 153 An inquest was held in Yedo before the U. S. Consul, Col. Shepard, on the bodies of Mr. and Mrs. Cornes and child, and a verdict returned :- “That Edward Cornes, Mrs. Alida Cornes, Edward D. Cornes and others came to their deaths by the explosion of the boiler of the steamer City of Yedo, at the city of Yedo, on the 1st day of August, 1870. That the said explosion was caused by ignorance and gross carelessness on the part of the person acting as engineer, and by that person allowing the water in the boiler to reach a dangerously low point.” The inquest on the bodies of Mary Simmons and the Engineer Cassidy, before the English Vice-Consul Mr. Robertson and a Jüry was:— “That Esther Simmons and R. Cassidy came by their death on the 1st August, 1870, on board the American steamer City of Yedo when on the point of leaving Yedo for Yokohama, that death in said cases was caused by the explosion of the boiler of said steamer; such explosion resulting from the neglect and incompetency of R. Cassidy, the person in charge of the engine.” The jury is also desirous of recording its opinion that this sad accident resulting in such deplorable loss of life might have been averted, had even ordinary care been exercised in the appointment of a fit and proper per- son to take charge of the engine during the temporary absence of the engineer, Mr. Gargen. Mr. Crowninshield, the master, has had two hairsbreath escapes within nine months, having been one of the three surviving officers of the U. S. S. Oneida which sunk last November after a collision with the P. & O. steamer Bombay. The Revd. Mr. Cornes, has recently been engaged at the Kaiseijo. or college in Yedo, as one of the professors. He was leaving for a month's holiday, which he intended to spend with his family among his friends in Yokohama. One grave now holds him- self, his wife and their eldest child, lying side by side ; and it is sad to ass and mark the small mound between two larger ones in the cemetry. e surviving infant has been taken by Dr. and Mrs. Hepburn, (attached to the same mission as Mr. Cornes), and will remain with them until it is strong enough to be sent to the relations in America. vanxwww.xſ rv partawa T, ^^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ • • • • • • • • • • • • • "…t, Svrſºr ſaevaer. №， Eraer, ſt！ E TEP_ALIER, TE_A_ST. \!\!\！\!\,\,\!ſae |- -|- №： ， ， ， |-№.-ſae The Yedo Hote:L. 6 TELIE IET_A_IP, E-A-ST- It is with great pleasure that we record the liberality of the Japanese government; who, taking into consideration the services of Mr. Cornes, although he has been but a short time in their employ, granted $900- three months pay—to his representatives, and have allowed $50 as the salary for the portion of the current month. This $950 is divided thus- $50 to the Japanese servant girl who was injured—$100 to the parents of the English nursemaid who was killed, and $800 to the surviving baby. A CANOE CRUISE. FRoM TANA, via INosmA AND KANASAwa To YokohamA. TANA, 19th June, 5 A.M.–It was not a promising morning for our long journey, the clouds hanging heavy and low. Our minds had been made up, however, to start, rain or sunshine; so after an early breakfast, and a settlement of that all im- É. item, the tea-house bill, we packed up and ordered our aggage to be carried direct to Inosima, (9 ris), a nice tramp for our coolies. Having then had our canoes carried down through the vil- lage to the pretty ferry opposite Khozawa, we launched them at 7 A.M. and went away at an exhilarating pace, with a sweeping current of some 5 or 6 miles an hour, leaving an amused crowd of natives astounded at the idea of our be- ing bound for Yokohama via Inosima and Kanasawa. Very little exertion was required to keep our craft going, as we only paddled sufficiently to keep steerage way on them and have them under command. For some six miles, the river wound, alternately along and under the right and left banks of mulberry and corn plateaus, which rose perpendicularly about 80 feet above the bed of the river, and extended for several miles inland on either side. Some delightfully deep pools, eddied beneath these plateaus, completely overhung with foliage, and from out of the wood- ed tops peeped thatched cottages all but hidden by the trees. scenery of our up-river excursion yesterday; we were, how- ever, in a measure recompensed by the rapid improvement in the length and depth of the reaches, and the capital pace at which we were borne along, the stony bottom of the river ap- parently flying from under us as we sat quietly in our craft and looking over saw the lighter coloured stones flash past us like the luminous gleams in a ship's wake. A most charmingly wooded village bordering on the river side was passed just above Atsungi, and the ferry at the latter lace we whisked past at half-past 8 A.M., just an hour and a alf from Tana; very fast travelling, the distance being some 12 miles, and taking into consideration the extensive winding of the river between these two places. Once past Atsungi, owing to the level nature of the country in its neighbourhood, we opened out a magnificent panorama” of the Ooyama range, only some 5 miles distant, every tree and É. of green sward and dark forest being distinctly visible, eginning from the bright green of the Ee-yama ridge, fol- lowing up ridge upon ridge, from 700, 1,500 to 2,500 feet, until the eye reached the forest clad peaks of Taan-zawa, and Ooyama standing out distinctly, some 6,000 feet, in the upper sky, the effect being heightened by some beautiful wreaths of white clouds, which were creeping up their sides, giving us every promise of a fine day after all. Fusi-yama with its few streaks of snow now left, towered out away beyond Ooyama, adding its picturesque cone, as a finishing touch to one of the most effective views one could wish to commemorate. The country on the left hand side of the river still retained its plateaus of corn and mulberry, but some distance from the river bank; below Atsungi, however, to our right, the country was perfectly level away for miles to the southward and east- ward of us, the only high ground visible being a hill in the Pretty winding F. led down to the river's edge, where lay Odawarra direction. generally a flat bottomed boat or two. We had to shoot a few ugly rapids—not so dangerous from the broken water, as from the extreme rapidity of the stream —gliding over long shallow stony beds, over which we had very little choice of way; as, on being borne rapidly down to- wards them, nothing beyond a º line of water could be seen, drops of from 8 to 10 feet occurring. Before any opinion could be formed, down we were amongst the broken water, and bumping over the stones, with the unenvi- able prospect of being thrown broadside to and rolled over in a second, should one larger than the rest catch our keels. Luckily, we escaped with a severe bumping only; as the force of the water dragged us over everything, and in half an hour, (4 past 7), we passed the large clump of firs, on an island in the middle of the river, so conspicuous from the Tana road. No villages of any importance were passed for the first hour or so, and #. few people were seen except an occasional fish- erman using rod and float. A few cormorants, also carried on their avocation close to us, scarcely deigning to notice us, as we shot past them. Below the plateau districts, the country rapidly began to open out on each side of us; the river banks being low, with trees—such as willows, osiers, &c., overhanging the wa- ter, reminding us much of English up-river scenery. The soil of the banks here seemed to be loose, stony and friable, and was protected from the action of the river, by most extraordinary shaped bags and baskets of bamboo work, some 40 to 50 feet in length, filled with large stones. In many places these large coils of basket and stone work were wound over large trees that had purposely been felled parallel with the river banks. Huge weirs, supported by high cross stakes, now frequently extended across the extensive stony bed of the river, diverting the main stream into several branches, the most direct one being always difficult to decide upon; and in most instances, these branch streams were wretchedly shallow, causing us any amount of bother and fre- quent jumping out. The hilly districts now began to be rapidly left behind, and it was with no little regret that we saw them fade away be- hind us, after the pleasing reminiscences of the charming From below Atsungi to the sea, a more enjoyable river for canoeing could not be selected, all the reaches being of consi- derable length and depth, and the rapids few and far between, it was lucky that it was so, as one of our boats had already received considerable damage, and was with difficulty kept afloat for the rest of the drop down. At half-past 9 A.M., about 8 miles below Atsungi, we pass- ed the village of Tamura, the villages on either side being completely hidden amongst dense masses of foliage and clumps of trees. The country was now perfectly level on either side of us for miles and miles, more particularly direct ahead, and we soon saw that we were ra i. approaching the coast. Half an hour's more travelling took us past another village, Baanio and the Tocaido ferry, below which place, on our left, we noticed a long line of embankment, most carefully made and faced with turf enclosing some park-like grounds, but which we regretted we had not time to land and examine. Boats of a more seaworthy build began to appear moored to the banks, the bed of the river moreover became sandy, the long reaches spread themselves out into large lagoon shaped pieces of water, the banks assumed a wilder character and were covered with large beds of rushes and reeds, apparently a breeding place of wild duck, as out of them we put up several flocks; at last we made out some junks anchored in an inlet of the sea into which the river also branched, and above them on the high beach stood a fishing village and an avenue of weather-beaten firs. We ought to have taken this inlet being a much shorter cut to the sea, as we afterwards found out; but on ºft up the last lagoon, we found ourselves hemmed in by a hig bank of sand, round the corner of which, the river edged itself out in very modest proportions to the sea. At half past 10 A.M., just 34 hour's work, we hauled ºur boats up on the sand and made the Pacific, estimated 28 miles from Tana, the ominous booming of the surf on the very stee beach warning us of the character of the element, we next ha to deal with, and Inosima we soon made out some 8 miles to north-eastward and to windward of us. * See Illustration in our last number, page 7. TEIE ERA-IR. E.A.ST. an hour was here spent repairing the damaged canoe; .#: swallowed a hasty snack, we determined on push- ing on, knowing that if a breeze once got up on this stormy : We .# stand but a small chance in the surf of the Pacific, as although we could distinctly see that the ocean was 7 coast, but were hauled up a long way on the sand; we were, however, glad to notice many boats out at sea; auguring no gales at least for the next few hours. Numerous fisherifien soon collected, around us, but we found them a remarkably civil set of fellows, and as they freely volunteered to do any- TANA FROM THE HILLs. comparatively smooth outside, very heavy rollers came thun- j on. . beach, their roar having been distinctly heard over a mile inland. Numbers of Japanese were at work along the steep beach hauling in large dredging nets and their boats lined the thing we could suggest, we gladly availed of their services in launching us through the surf. . At 11 A.M. taking our boats down into the last wash of breakers, after battening ourselves in all tight, we stood by, awaiting the #. of three or four heavy rollers—then availing of a lull in the breakers, with WIEw FRom THE TANA HoTEL. B TETE, IET_A_º, E.A.ST. a good run they launched us canoes and all, safely outside of the surf and with comparatively a slight plunge or two only. Once outside the rollers we found the sea just rippled by a light North Westerly breeze which freshened us up after the long and warm morning's work, and it was extremely .# jº. over the grand swell rolling calmly in from seaward, adternately hiding us from each other's view; the sea, more- over, was of a delightfully pellucid emerald, and so buoyant after the fresh water †. that my heavily laden craftºil- now both our stores) felt half as light again to the paddle. As may be imagined, we lost no time in dawdling, but kept on at a steady pace of 5 miles an hour, passing inside of a long reef of rocks about a mile from the river's mouth, amongst which the ocean swell was pouring grandly. Another reef was also passed about noon, noticeable from Inosima from the fact of one its high rocks strongly resembling a junk's sail in the distance. Whether from nervousness, or perhaps owing to its height and our positions so low on the water, Inosima appeared to be * º long distance off, and we never appeared to be nearing it, but gradually the wind fell and the sea becomin as smooth as a lake our progress rapidly improved, so muc so that by half-past 12, we rounded the outer edge of the Ino- sima reef and paddled right up the deep gully between the rocks to the mouth of the cave. Here owing to the surge of the swell and heavy rise and fall (some 4 feet) of the sea, some discretion had to be used in jumping out, and we soon had our boats hauled up high and dry on the rocks. Inosma:—Here we had our long looked-forward-to plunge in the deep blue sea of the crevasse between the rocks, which picked us up wonderfully after our long journey, (some 35 miles), and we sat down at the mouth of the cavern and cook- ed a capital plate of hot soup and tiffin. Of course we were surrounded by the usual lot of lads who frequent this place, and who dive so remarkably well, disappearing in the dark depths of these chasms to reappear with small sprigs of coral, hideous cuttle-fish and other marine oddities and curios, which they readily offer for sale. On noticing the careful manner in which they bandaged their fingers with strips of rags, they told us that it was done in order to avoid the poison of the bites of the adders (mamoushi) by which several of them had previously been bitten, shewing us large cicatrized wounds caus- ed by the inflammation that had supervened. Some two years since, when, on a visit to this place, several of our party who were non-swimmers, were on the point of walking into the shallow portion of this pool, when we were much disgusted at seeing one of these hideous flat creatures quietly edging its way amongst the loose stones of the bottom. It had yellow and black blotches; and although no natives were then present, we soon saw the character .#, reptile, and the swimmers con- tented themselves with a plunge at the outer and deep end of the inlet. After a hurried visit to the interior of the cavern, which we lighted up with magnesium wire, an experiment, by the bye, that amply repays one for the slight trouble of ºf 8. small packet of that article in one's waistcoat pocket; we left at 2 P.M. for the ºf...; fishing village of Kataseh. Inosima, it is well known, is situated on the Pacific, outside of the long promontory ending in º Sagami, (which takes its name from the river on which we had descended this morn. ing), and then up the Uraga Channel to Kanonsaki; and in i. to get round which by sea to Yedo bay, would have necessitated a long and somewhat hazardous journey of 30 odd miles, we had therefore decided, in having our craft car- ried across the neck of the isthmus. Daibutsz and Kamakura, some 8 miles only, to Kanazawa. * A few minutes' paddling took us round the bold cliffs and reefs of rocks of §. Northern end of the island against and over which the ºasing swell still rolled, and away down in the clear blue of the apparently unfathomable depths, could be traced enormous wreaths and masses of variegated sea- weed stretched out like the arms of gigantic polyphii r 3. encircle *#.whoº venture into their º: de º ince roun e island, after passing a e fishi #. perched high up on its rocks, º Were º: .the surf, and running our boats up the long sandy beach at Kataseh, i. out without any trouble. Then getting our craft should- : by some fisherman, we had them carried up to the tea- ouse. At 8 P.M. here we met our ponies, sent out the day previous in order to carry us to town, 5. we been detained by bad weather outside; and after driving a hard bargain with the rascally squeezes of this village, we at last had the satisfaction of seeing our boats trotted off overland for Kanazawa, follow- ing them on pony back. But few rides offer such a variety of scenery as that between Kataseh and Kanazawa; first the glorious canter along the hard sands, with the surf rolli ;º to the horses' feet; the wild and scanty covered san - ording a striking contrast to the charminglywooded and F.§. up which the road wends on turning up from the beach; the strong scent of the enormous white #. now dotting all the hill sides, smelling doubly fragrant after the strong sniffs of the kelp and sea-weed strewn beach. Then the fine village opposite Diabutsz where one has a final E. at the Pacific, and crosses the open extent of corn coun- try beyond, on which the farm people were all hard at work getting in their unusually luxuriant crops; huge bon-fires of stubble wreathing the landscape with light blue smoke. With a sad shudder at byegones and a congratulatory con- trast at present times, one passes the ominous corner of the Baldwin and Bird tragedy and turns up the fine avenue of firs leading to the temples of Kamakura. A quiet ride through this secluded village, makes one wonder how it could ever have been possible that this was once the site of a capitol of Japan; and one longs to be able to ask the old gnarled trunks of the temple trees and weather- worn, moss-covered monuments, for some few sketches out of their portfolios of olden scenes, and what tales they could tell us of those feudal days! After passing occasional travelling priests and prettily hedged cottages and gardens, one begins to leave the temple-crowned" and wooded hills of Kamakura to the left, and again the scenery changes to those numerous beau- tifully wooded ravines and gorges that open on to the Kanazawa districts, passing a series of rocky glens, with their dense vege- tation and little cascades of rivulets crossing the road, and odd recesses in the rocks, crowded with quaint little stone idols, with grotesque monkeys carved on their bases. Once in the Ka- nazawa valley, one is forcibly reminded that again is reached “civilized” Japan, by the “ohio, tempo sinjo’’ dialect that now pesters one up to the immediate vicinity of Yokohama itself: and this is all the more noticeable after a few days ab- sence in the interior. On riding past the tea-houses, up came our canoes full trot along the broad street in capital time, and for which we did not begrudge the coolies their squeeze after all, for by 6 p.m. we were once more in our craft and paddling past Webster island. Here again our good luck ... us; for with a calm sea, a nice light Southerly air behind us, and a strong flood tide, we found ourselves making rapid progress across the bay, and by 7 P.M. we were actually abreast of the high cliffs of Treaty Point, and putting on a “spurt” up along the Homoco reach, we were home and landed at half-past 7 P.M., in capital time for a nice bath and dinner; having done the whole dis- tance from Tana, some 50 odd miles—in 94 hours; out of which we had paddled 43 miles in 63 hours—very fast travel- ling—but then it must be remembered that the Sagami river took us down at least six miles an hour with its current. . Thus ended one of the most successful and enjoyable cruizes imaginable, wind and weather having been quite *::::. ly fine and favourable—not a rule I'm afraid with Yokohama water excursions generally. * See illustration page 4. Printed and published for the proprietors by JAMES R. ANGLIN, at the “Japan Gazette” printing office, No. 87, Main Street, Yokohama. THE FAR EAST. AN II, LUSTRATRD FORT NIGHTI, Y NEWSPAPER. [Wol. I, No. VII. YOKOHAMA, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 1st, 1870. [SINGLE Copy $1.00] 3 ENERAL principles are supposed to govern the world and all things in it. General principles are so % º universally looked upon as the law of nature, go- Ağ vernment and social life, that they become the foun- dation of every calculation, argument or investiga- tion. But general principles have just had a violent wrench in Europe, well calculated to shake the popular faith in them. According to the old established principles civilized nations, although sometimes going to war for a mere “idea,” were wont to put in motion every effort of diplomacy before declar- ing it; and of late years several threatened conflicts have been averted through the earnest and honest endeavours of the ambassadors of the differing sovereigns, aided by the judicious advice of friendly governments. Between France and Prussia a very marked and important instance of this was exhibited within the past three years; when France having come to an understanding with the king of Holland, for the cession of Luxembourg, Prussia assumed an angry position, and war would certainly have followed, but for the mediation of England. Here general principles triumphed. All was in order. France coveted Luxembourg, as was most natural considering its strength and position with regard to Prussia. A strong fortress pushed right into Prussian territory would have been of immense advantage to France—more especially in the menacing attitude of the North-German kingdom. It was hardly less natural that the king of Holland should be willing, for a handsome consideration, to hand over to France a possession which was of no use to him, and, although sepa- rated from his own kingdom, might at any time embroil him with France or Prussia or both. It was quite impossible, ac- cording to general principles that the Prussian sovereign could hear of the Duchy being handed over to France, with- out alarm and without opposition; and it was as good an op- portunity for the two nations to commence active hostilities, which all the world gave them credit for thirsting after, as could possibly arise. But diplomacy stepped in ; and a word spoken in good season settled that difference amicably and satisfactorily. JAPANESE GARDEN. 2 TIETE IF_A_IE, IETE_A_ST- Since then I vernment of the prosperity France must of each nation have known h a s been that in taking steadily pro- the extreme gressing, and step of atonce the commer- Čial interests of both have become in themselves -guarantees for not hastily and without great provo- cation, dis- turbing the peace. Gene- ral principles would have given assur- ance that everything the govern- ment of each country could against Prus- sia, she must be adjudged by the whole c i v i li zed world, as hasty and criminalin the highest de- gree. Hohen- zollern was allowed to as- pire to Spain; France was angry and de- manded not only his with- drawal from the candida- do, would be ture, but a done to avert JAPANESE FARM-LAbouriNg Woman. promise that the possibility he should of a rupture—but here we say general principles are entirely at fault. The two governments may be said without straining facts, to be military; although the spirit of Germany is commercial and that of France becoming more and more so every day. The ambition of the former is, by “unification,” to attain supremacy on the continent; and this unification has only been partially attained, and that by the army and the needle gun. Were the army decreased, there would be no guarantee for the cohesion of the atoms of which the kingdom is now com- posed. Saxony, Hanover, Denmark, and several of the duch- ies would be sure to give trouble, and in all probability once more become as of yore; and Austria would hardly be able to keep her hands off of her old antagonist. For many years to come, that which has been won by the sword will have to be retained by it, and it will be no easy matter for Prussia to reduce her forces. Whilst she is thus armed to the teeth, it is equally futile to expect that France can disarm; and with two such armies, comparatively idle, yet in a state of perfect discipline and drill, and magnificently armed, how can jealousy be avoided? How can the military ardour be restrained? It has been found impracticable. It has over- come general principles. Prussia must have known that the candidature of a German Prince for the throne of Spain would have been resented by France. Yet one is put forward. And France must have known that she could expect no more from Prussia than the withdrawal of such a candidate, and yet when that has been attained she demands more. Prussia must have known that an uncivil reception of the French am- bassador would be felt as an insult personal to the Emperor and offensive to the French nation; and the Emperor and go- never again become a candidate. Prussia refuses to receive the French ambassador or accord an answer; and the Emperor and King, both rejecting the intervention of diplomacy at all, and refusing to receive any suggestion of a pacific character, set their forces in motion. This might really be a good lesson for Japan. She has an immense number of men who are totally unproductive—mere cumberers of the ground—useless and dangerous. The very existence of the Samourai—to whom we allude—in the vast numbers they are, supported by the heads of their clans, is a source of danger to the country. It is so because it induces princes who are too ready to be jealous of each other, to look forward to an opportunity of asserting their power; and thus the government, although apparently established, is not really so, and in the Parliament itself, the orators speak of deferring minor (meaning commercial) matters until the government is more secure. It would be well if the government of the Mi- kado would realize, that soldiers, beyond the really necessary force for defending the country and punishing invaders, be- come an element of danger. And when once, through the necessity of employing them, peace is destroyed, the mer- chants—the very life's blood of a nation—are injured, and the country itself to a similar extent. The French Emperor has said that the war will be long- We think so too. But every day that it lasts will be a loss of millions to each of the combatants in the disturbance of trade, apart from the great expense of the actual fighting men, their equipment and their sustenance in the field. The question was mooted last session in the Japanese parliament as to the doing away with the wearing of two swords. The majority were averse to upsetting the time- rr：EȚIE; IE" ALIER, E.A.ST. traerunt，|×！:::::::：-- ---- The Frence Lºganon, Yokohama. TIELIE IF.A.I.E. N accident, quite sufficiently serious, but which might have been much more so, happened on the Mumetchi on the 30th ulto. A party of sailors from ..H. M. S. Adventure were drilling under the charge of Lieut Bloxsome R. N. Suddenly the second in command, Lieut. Henderson was seen to stagger and fall. He had been struck by a bullet from a revolver, which narrowly escaping any vital parts passed through him, and struck a man behind, passing through the leg of his trousers, but only grazing him. Lieut. Henderson is now in the Royal Naval Hospital, doing well. The accident arose from the ricochetting of a bullet, which Mr. White, one of H. B. M's Consular constables fired towards a drain, as he was emptying the chambers of his revolver with the intention of cleaming it. IE_A_ST- 7 tribunal for reconciling differences, smoothing over diffculties, and promoting harmony. These requirements, you have satisfied in an eminent degree. You have organized an efficient Court, you have checked litigation, promoted good feeling, encouraged the ready settlement of difficulties, and in those cases where resort has been had to the final arbitrament of the law, you have pronounced decisions with which few people (if any) have had cause to be dissatisfied. The Community is also deeply indebted to you, for your valuable aid in the difficult task of forming a new Code of Re- THE TEMPLE of GIUNI-TEN, HoMo.co. THE CHIEF JUDGE. We publish below the address of the Community of Shanghai to Sir Edmund Hornby, in view of his departure from among them • SIR EDMUND GRIMANI HoRNBY, KNIGHT, Chief Judge of H. B. M's. Supreme Court for China and Japan. We, the undersigned members of the Foreign Community of Shanghai, in view of your approaching departure from the Set- tlement, avail ourselves of the opportunity to give expression to the feelings of esteem and respect with which you have in- spired us during your five years tenure of office here. - The establishment of H. B. M's. Supreme Court was in itself a matter of considerable importance to British residents, and in some measure to other foreigners as well. In order, however, that the full advantages expected from the institution might be obtained, it was essential that the first Chief Judge appointed should not only be a good and sound lawyer, but still more a man whose mature experience, power of organization, courteous demeanour and general ability, would render the Court not only a respectable channel for legal proceedings, but also, a gulations for the Municipal Government of the settlement; for your ever ready assistance in promoting all matters of public interest; and for the kindly and liberal spirit in which you have met all the calls for counsel and advice, which have been so frequently made upon you. In your private capacity also you have, by your genial character and the active interest you have always displayed in the social pursuits of the Community, deservedly gained the re- gard and goodwill of your fellow-residents. In parting from you, we feel that we are losing not only an able Judge, but a valued friend and counseller; and we trust that, after the temporary and well earned repose from your labours which you desire, you will return to the post you have so ably filled. Should you not do so, we hope that H. M. Go- vernment may find for you another sphere of action . while giving greater scope for the exercise of your talents an abilities, may prove congenial and pleasant to yourself. THE REPLY OF SIR EDMUND HORNBY TO THE ADDRESS OF THE FOREIGN RESIDENTS OF SHANGHAP. GENTLEMEN, -I thank you very much for this expression of satisfaction at the mode in which I have endeavoured to B TIEEE IF.A.I.E, IELA-ST- perform the duties appertaining to the Office of H. M. Chief Judge for China and Japan. You are pleased to say that I have checked instead of en- couraged litigation, and have endeavoured to conciliate differ- ences that have arisen between members of the community. Such, I conceive, was my duty, and in so far as I have been able to render members of the community either collectively or individually any assistance, I have done no more than what I conceive to be the duty of every official. Socially, every effort of mine to be on terms of friendship with each member of the community, and to encourage amicable relations amongst your- selves, has been more than reciprocated by you all. I cannot, however, take my leave of you without alluding to two or three topics in which I have taken, and still take, a great interest. In the first place, let me congratulate you upon the calm, busi- ness-like, I might well also say statesman-like, tone, in which, when called upon, you have discussed all questions of mercantile and political importance. While doing so, you have merged national distinctions, and spoken simply as members of one undivided community. So long as you observe this rule of con- duct, every expression of your opinions, will, I feel convinced, not only gain in importance and in strength, but will be en- titled to, and receive, from those to whom they may be addressed, the greatest consideration. You have recently entered upon a new form of Municipal Government, the strength and influence of which entirely de- pend upon the heartiness with which every member of the com- munity lends his assistance to its administration. Your Council have a very difficult duty to perform. It should be always borne in mind that it is not a body appointed to rule over you, but one whom you have yourselves elected, and who from a sense of public duty, have consented, voluntarily and without pay- ment, to sacrifice a large portion of their time in the service of the community. You have lately re-organized your Volunteers. Situated as you are, it appears to me that you are not only justified, but imperatively called upon, to provide adequate means for your own protection; and I trust that while, on the one hand, this Burgher Corps will never be used for offensive purposes, on the other, its organization will never be allowed to die out from neglect or indifference. Every able-bodied man in the settle- ment ought to be a member of either its active or reserve branch. In olden, times it was to their Burgher Corps that half the towns in Europe owed their progress and their liberties. The knowledge that they could defend their own, saved them frequently from attack, and secured to them in troublesome times, peace and prosperity. Events have shown that the Go- vernment of this country is trammelled by conflicting opinions amongst its own people, as regards its relations with foreigners; and you are, in fact, assisting it in the performance of its treaty duties, when you by timely precautions prevent, by the attitude you assume, the evil-disposed from taking advantage to your cost, of complications which have arisen, and are so constantly likely to arise, out of those very relations. The painful... and astounding intelligence we have just received of political disturbance in Europe, will, I am sure, make no difference in the friendliness of your relations with each other. Though you may be the subjects of rival and hostile governments, your mutual relations are of a far more intimate and holy character. You are members of one family residing in a strange land, exposed to common dangers and having common interests: whether your Rulers see fit to differ or agree, that cannot and ought not to affect you. War is a curse; but let it not, I beseech you, interrupt feelings that spring from mutual respect, kindly intercourse and private social relations. In conclusion, while again thanking you for the flattering proof you have given me of your ..esteem and good-will, permit me to offer you, without distinction of nationality, my grateful acknowledgments for the kindness and hospitality shown me during my residence in China, and to wish you all prosperity and happiness. (S'd) EDMUND HORNBY, H. B. M. Chief Judge for China and Japan. CHINA. A report was current some time ago that all the strong points on the Yang-tze-Keang were to be garrisoned. It is said that 2,000 Hunan soldiers are coming to garrison this place, and that they have already commenced to arrive. It is reported that Mr. J. A. T. Meadows has resigned his secretaryship of the Imperial Arsenal. Count Rochechouart is believed to have given the Tsung-li yamén till August 31 to give up the three heads which he has demanded, failing which he will haul down his flag and leave the country. - - A mandarin who has a reputation for more than average truthfulness, states that a Council of war was lately held in Peking, and out of eighteen or twenty who were present all voted for war except two, of whom Prince Kung was one. The Mandarin remarked that if they knew as innch about foreign troops as he did they would not be so rash. - Another, an ex-official, also considered to be a reliable man, says that Li-hung-chang's men have begun to arrive in the northern suburb; there are thirteen thousand of them he thinks. He says he knows war is determined on as the only ible course to be pursued, as the government Will not give up their officials at the demand of foreigners. The govern- ment would consent to the banishment of the three persons whose excution is demanded, and behead any number of roughs, and replace all property and so forth; but the execution of the officials, never. He further states that a general rising against foreigners is being planned throughout the Empire without distinction of nationality. . This is from a man who has no particular connection with foreigners, and no apparent interest or motive in advancing his view. . - It was reported that the government was impressing carts to convey foreign-drilled troops to Tientsin. The natives say the fight will begin about the middle of September. A protestant Mission Chapel outside the Ping-tze-men was, about miduight of August 1st, assailed by Cuinese soldiers searching for Ior- eigners. The commanding officer explained that he did so in obedience to orders from the Titu's yaneu. On investigation the explanation given was that the search was with a view to the foreigners' safety - - - - - - The example of Mr. Hart in withdrawing his family from Peking is about to be followed by three others, and more are likely to follow. Very severe, remarks are inade about Mr. Low, who has been at the hills with his family ever since the massacre. Mr. Wade has never been there more than 48 hours at a time. - Cheng-kwo-shwai is reported to have gone to Tientsin about the 30th July and mischief is expected. The officers of the Ashuelot proceeding to Peking in carts, strayed close to the “Nan-hai-tze" (South Park) a dangerous locality for for- eigners to approach at present, owing to the number of soldiers stationed there. Everything indicates that the appreheusion felt by almost every one is only too well founded.—Shanghai Evening Courier. Printed and published for the proprietors by JAMFS R. ANGLIN, at the “JAPAN GAzrrrr!” printing office, No. 87, Main Street, Yokohama. THE FAR EAST. AN II, I,USTRATRD FORT NIGHTLY NEWSPAPER. [Wol. I, No. VIII. ºf ONESTLY, and no doubt thankfully, the Queen of º º England is able to commence her recent neutrality º: proclamation in these full words:-"Whereas We :* are happily at peace with all Sovereigns, Powers and States.” It has not often been the privilege of the monarch of Great Britain to declare that England is at peace with all the world. What with India, Caffraria and New Zealand, the intervals between European belligerency in which she has been more or less mixed up have been well filled up; and it is a most happy circumstance that at the outbreak of hostilities between two powerful neighbours, she can call the attention of her YOKOHAMA, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 16TH, 1870. [SINGLE Copy $1.00] people to the fact that she is in the enjoyment of the most profound peace. Yet she is obliged to add to the naval and military estimates, to stop all her economising, cutting down of forces, to look after her men, ships and arms. It is plea- sant for Englishmen to be told by Mr. Cardwell that the British army was never in such a state of efficiency as at pre- sent; and we all have a very good notion of the efficiency of the national navy. And having our house in order, every act, every word of the Gladstone Ministry gives great confidence that it will be kept well and vigilantly guarded, that no doubt in the minds of the other Great Powers may lead them to run the hazard of involving England in the dispute. This is as it --- MANDARIN BLUEF. ſtºr-trae 1ºla. E, EÐA ST. Howuna, Looxing South. 6 TIEEE IF A-Iº, E.A.ST. supply. Mr. Brunton, the chief of the Government Engineering Depart- ment, informed the meeting that he had instructions to erect the lamp- posts as soon as the public had agreed to subscribe for the lighting. A Committee of three, consisting of Messrs. Benson, Pitman and W. H. Smith, was appointed to obtain necessary estimates, draw up rules, and raise subscriptions. The meeting then adjourned until the 17th instant, in order that the Committee might have time to obtain all information on the subject, and a definite arrangement be come to. In a circular it has sent round the Committee states that a tax of two cents on each foot frontage throughout the settlement would suffice for the expenses. We cannot conceive any one raising a difficulty on this sum. The public has been under an erroneous impression respecting the duties of the Japanese government regarding the lighting. There is a special clause in the Re- gulations drawn up years ago, by which this is made the duty of the in- habitants. Tus telegrams brought by the French Mail Steamer on the 7th instant and by the English Mail Steamer on the 14th instant, announcing the successes of the Prussian arms over those of France in the opening of this most unhappy war, produced a profound sensation here. Naturally the North-Germans were elated, and the French depressed and excited; and in one or two instances, slight disturbances took place between men of the two nationalities. Yokohama has always been one of the most fraternal settlements in the East, as regards the several nationalities of which the foreign residents are composed; and we are happy to say that the present state of affairs in Europe has made no difference in individual friendships. But men of the rougher stamp, who are not nice with re- gard to their neighbour's feelings, and pride themselves on saying what they think have once or twice come into collision, “endangering the peace of His Majesty” the Mikado. One little affair of the kind in which weapons were drawn produced a good deal of talk and some uneasiness, but the angry passions were allayed, and quiet restored before any seriqus harms was done. Th; French Mail Steamer the Godavery, started with the mails on board at daylight on the 13th instant for Hongkong; but returned to port within a few hours of her departure. As the Prussian corvette Medusa was known to be outside, it was supposed at first, that the Goda- very had been intimidated by her. It proved, however, that an accident to the machinery had compelled her to put back, and she is now at Yo- koska undergoing the needful repairs. The Medusa came into the har- bour in the afternoon of the 13th, and so far as we can learn, had no thought of molesting the M. I. Steamer. A NEW era has dawned upon the Bluff Public Gardens, and they have twice within the past fortnight been used for an out-of-door soirée. On the first occasion Messrs. Birch and Kohler made arrange- ments to give an exhibition of dissolving views, and the band of H.M.'s 1st batt. 10th Regiment attended to discourse sweet sounds for the gene- ral delectation. The attendance was very large, leading many to wonder where they could all have come from. The dissolving views were effect- ually dissolved by the bright moonlight, and were thus a disappointment to many. (Some of them have since been privately exhibited in town, and we can assure the public that they are superb when given, as they should always be, in the dark). There will be other opportunities of see- ing these views. The gardens were brilliantly illuminated with Japanese lanterns, which had the effect of making them look far larger in extent than they appear by daylight. The band of the 10th, which has really greatly improved of late, played a most excellent selection of music; but the great interest of the evening was centred in Satsuna's band, which has already had attention drawn to it in the columns and among the illustrations of the Far East. When we previously alluded to it, only eight weeks ago, Mr. Fenton, the band master of the 10th, who had had them under tuition for drums, fifes and bugles durin, some months, was daily expecting a full supply or the best regimental band instru- ments from the Mcssrs. Distin of London. These arrived in the Chieftain on the 31st July; and our readers may judge of the industry of the members of the band and of the assiduity of their master when they learn that they played in the gardens on the 7th Septem.ber—i.e. after only one month's tuition on these instruments, quicksteps and marches with exceeding spirit, and after the first start, which was a little hazy, in excellent tune. The applause that greeted them was loud and genuine. This is the first band of Japanese performers on foreign instruments, though probably they will be speedily followed by others. In the Chinese and Japanese Repository for 1865, there is a translation by Mr. Satow of the Diary of a member of the Japanese Embassy to Europe in 1862-63.” At page 367 is to be found the following description of European music and dancing at the governer's house in Hongkong : “In the afternoon I returned to the hotel, and in the evening went in “the suite to the governor's house, where 1 saw barbarian dancing. In “dancing each man takes a woman by the hand, and several couples “come forward; they separate and meet, assemble and disperse, advance “and retire, then suddenly went swiftly round and round. “Whilst doing “this they do not sing. Our countrymen did not care to listen to the “music, for all the sounds seemed alike and very die-anay. Soon after “twelve o'clock we returned to the hotel. All the Western nations have “this, and they call it tansu (dance).” From the above extract it will be seen that a considerable change must have come over Japan before they should commence to cultivate foreign music. HE second evening fête at the gardens was enlivened by an exhibi- tion of Japanese and Chinese fireworks—somewhat monotonous as compared with European displays, but sufficiently interesting. The band of the regiment again exerted itself in the public behalf, the gardens were illuminated as before, the attendance was good, and the whole successful. It is a great satisfaction to have the question practically settled as to the advisability of opening the gardens to these public fêtes. The public has fully expressed its opinion by the large attendances and the perfect order. Next year we look forward to many summer evenings being enlivened by such gatherings. HIP-BUILDING is not yet a very extensive branch of Yokohama in- dustry, but small vessels for propulsion by sails or by steam are: constantly being turned out by the various yards. Messrs. Wilkie and Laufenberg have recently launched a very pretty little steamer for river traffic, or for the passage between this and Yedo. She is estimated to carry 40 tons of cargo and a great many passengers. USIC has hitherto had but small chance in Yokohama, but whatever has been given of a good class has been fairly patronized. The drama has not yet put forth any very ambitious efforts, but in tº case of our Amateur Dramatic Corps has always been received with fe ur. It is therefore with great satisfaction that we see a building in the Main Street, approaching completion for theatrical performances. It has been built by one of our residents under an arrangement with the Amateur Corps, and we look to the enjoyment of many a performance within its walls. We hope, however, that an endeavour will be given to “slip in " a few trials of the “legitimate drama” amongst the burlesques and farces which too commonly from the staple of amateur theatricals in the east. We have several men of fully average merit, and a few of more than ordinary ability, and we are sure they could give us something of a high class if they would take the trouble. But before this new temple of the drama is opened, we have to look forward to a performance which will introduce music of a high order. The old farce of “Box and Cox” has, under another shape, been played during a prolonged season at the Gallery of Illustration in Regent Street, London under the title of “Cox and Box." Some beautiful music was written for it by Mr. Arthur Sullivan, whose name alone, among musi- cians, guarantees its quality, and as the characters in the piece thus al- tered, are three men, it is called a triumviretta. This is to be given by some Amateurs, preceded by a farce written purposely for the “” in which several gentlemen who have never before acted in Yokohama, will take a part. It is expected to be a very interesting performance, as things go in Yokohama, and if there be any profit, it will go to the fund for the new Organ for the Church. The room in which it is to be given has not been made known; but it is not the new theatre. TIETIE, IET_A_IE, IE.A.ST. 7 VERY interesting “Report on silk culture in Japan” by Mr. Adams, A H. B. M. Secretary of Legation here, has been published by autho- rity of H. B. M. Minister. It is the third report made by the same gen- tleman, and the three are most valuable as imparting an amount of in- formation to foreign merchants respecting the culture of this important staple in this country; and as shewing the Japanese the value attached to commerce by foreign governments. Mr. Adams says in the outset of his third Report:— “owing to the manifest which the Japanese government were evincing “in the matter of silk culture, it was considered that it would be not “only a courteous act, but one likely to prove of much benefit in an in- “ternational point of view, if a Japanese gentleman were associated in “my expedition this year. Accordingly, Matsuné Gonroku, son-in-law “of the Minister Daté, was invited, and formed one of the party. He “ was of the greatest assistance to me, both in smoothing away the little “difficulties which inevitably occur on such a journey, and in obtaining “for us more unrestrained intercourse with the natives. He also inter- “ested himself especially in the particular subject which occupied us, “and it is no small satisfaction to me personally that it has fallen to my “lot to be the first to associate a Japanese gentleman with foreigners in “an extended tour through his own country in the common interests of “Commerce." It is no part of the scheme of this little journal to enter at length upon any subjects whatever. It is merely a vehicle for the heads of intelli- gence connected with Japan, and for illustrations of such places in the country, and subsequently in other parts of the Far East, as are obtainable. But we cannot too strongly commend the labours of Mr. Adams ever since he came to Japan, in the cause of this branch of commerce. It has evidently done good amongst the Japanese themselves. Ten years ago, what would have been the reply of a Japanese gentleman, invited to take such a trip in the interests of commerce? This prejudice could only be overcome by exactly such means as Mr. Adams adopted; and on every ground, he deserves well of all concerned in commerce in Japan. º º * * N. - - º - º - - THE RIFLE RANGE. IR Edmund Hornby, the chief judge of H. M. Supreme Court in China and Japan, has been here during the last month, and has had less judicial business than was expected. He leaves about the 26th instant, en route for Europe 7 IW HERE has long been a talk of removing the British legation residence from Yokohama to Yedo. It would unquestionably be a great ad- vantage to the British Minister not to have to pass so constantly as he does at present ‘between Yedo and Yokohama, but it would be a great loss to the latter place. Sº, hundred Marines are to be stationed here. So much is known; and it is believed that they have already left England. The 10th Regi- ment will be very much missed whenever they go; and we fear that this must be on arrival of the Marines. There can be no doubt that the Royal Marines are the best troops to keep permanently in such a conntry as this so far as their usefulness is concerned, as the facility of moving them, or employing them either ashore or afloat, is so much greater. - KOBE. (From the Hiogo News). All writers on Japan are agreed on one subject, that the natives of these islands are truly a holiday-making race. Neither rain nor sunshine will stay them from keeping up a holiday, whether religious or secular, on its appointed day. Last Thursday and Friday were of that temperature commonly called sweltering—the sun beating down with great force; but despite the heat, the natives of Hiogo and Kobé turned out in great force, and most religiously carried various shrines from place to place, and yelled as is their wont when celebrating the feast of Ikuta-daijin. Proceedings commenced at daylight on Thursday, when the guardians of the sacred erections produced them from their re- S TELE ET.A.R. E.A.ST. tirement, and proceeded to put them together. This was quickly done, and the day was soon made hideous by the beating on all sides of innumerable drums. These shrines (or drum carts, as they might be called) are very well got up pieces of workmanship. They are of various sizes, ranging from nine to nineteen feet in height and from twenty-seven inches to three feet square. The panels below the drum, whith are about two feet in depth, are well carved, though the sub- jects are somewhat trivial, each side being ornamented with irds, &c., in relief. Above the body is a framework of poles on which the edifice is carried, and on that a railing of highly polished ebony, mounted with metal in every possible place. Inside the railing are the four posts which support the canopy above, and in the centre are four children dressed in their very best—both clothes and faces a mass of red and white. These,children have their lesson well prepared, and when put in their places round the large drum which forms the core of this gandy apple, they give time, by beats on the drum, to the bearers, who clap their hands, and shout and march in unison. The lower part of the canopy above is composed of panels of kiaki and a dark Chinese wood of a similar grain and hardness, which are carved in a manner that would put to shame the natives of many a more highly civilized nation than Japan. The subjects chosen are mostly incidents in the life of the goddess Ikuta daijin, who is supposed to have been one of the original founders of the Japanese world. The whole is surmounted by a band of red cloth, like an immense turban, with two mirrors on each face, one bearing in relief, in silver, a hare, pounding rice in a mortar, the other a raven. There are five of these erections belonging to Hiogo and Kobé, besides a shrine similar in shape to the above, but covered in and coated all over with brass. The largest “drum box” belongs to the first “quartier” in Hiogo, and cost some Rios 2,800 ! There are about 1,200 houses in the district, and of course it could afford to have.a good shrine. The whole of the paraphernalia was left at the temple by the race-course on Thursday night, and many worshippers paid their devoirs at the temple during the evening and then worshipped Bacchus at night. Early on Friday the proces- sions set out again, and proceeded to the bed of the Minato river, when al fresco parties were formed along the banks, the drums beating incessantly during the whole time. The amount of unripe pears and peaches, and partially roasted Indian corn, devoured by the crowd must have been immensé; but fortunately the Japanese constitution will endure, ap- parently, more ill-treatment than would suffice to give cholera to a whole regiment of Europeans. A repetition of the howling accompanied the fixtures on their road home, and before midnight they were all in pieces and stowed away again, ready for next time of asking. TIENTSIN. A son of San-ko-lin is reported to have solicited and been refused the Imperial sanction to command some of the troops now being massed towards Tientsin. Chen-kow-jui is said to have been in Tientsin for ten days, which coincides with the previous report of his having left Peking. It does not look like giving up his head to the French on the 21st, especially if he has first to be sent for examina- tion to the Provincial Judge at Pao-ting-foo as the Chi-foo and Chi-hsien are believed to have been. It becomes more and more clear that nothing can save China from a war with France; and nothing can teach the ignorant mandarins their duty but a severe punishment, which they will remember at least for the next ten years. Since the unfortunate repulse at the Corea the Chinese have been dreaming they can play with the French. This is a delusion which must be effectually dis- pelled; and as it is equally the interest of all foreign nations that this lesson should be taught, so it is their duty ty cordial- ly support the French morally, if they do not take a more active share in the war. By the Shantung we learn that large bodies of troops are moving towards Tientsin; Li and Ting are shortly expected to arrive there. The French ultimatum would expire on the 21st on which date it is expected that Count Rochechouart would haul his flag down and leave Peking. This comes from native as well as foreign sources, and is probably correct. A D W E R T H S E M E N T . The proprietor has much pleasure in announcing that by the “Aden’’ which arrived from Kobe on the 15th inst., he has received views taken in Osaka, Kagosima, and Formosa, which will commence to appear in the next number of the “FAR EAST.” He also hopes in the course of a mail or two to receive his first pictures from China and Hongkong. - THE PERMANENT ARRANGEMENT OF *T* IEI IEE F.A. E. E. A. s T,” IS; THAT IT SHALL BE PUBLISHED ON THE 1st AND 16th OF EVERY MONTH 0ſºce No. 55 Main Street, Yokohama, OR “JAPAN GAZETTE” PRINTING OFFICE, NO. 37. -- Printed and published for the proprietors by JAMES R. ANGLIN, at the “Japan Gazette” printing office, No. 87, Main street, Yokohama. THE FAR EAST. AN (I, I, USTRATED FORT NIGHTI, Y NEWSPAPER. [Wol. I, No. IX. ºMPERIALISM has its phases, as various and as re- º, markable as those of all other conditions of life; and º ºf a resident in Japan is apt to question, when he com- º pares the current of events in Europe with what he finds here, which holds the more enviable position— the ruler of France who is yet nominally an Emperor, the triumphant King of Prussia who seeks the title, or the Mika- do of Japan, who is de facto an Emperor? Surely the answer is very simple and easy. Over heca- tombs of victims Louis Napoleon marched ere he assumed the Imperial purple, and he has worn it for 17 years. Elected as President of the Republic which had only just been created by the will of the nation, he followed in the ambitious foot- steps of his uncle, and the strength of his name having placed him in the proud position of first citizen, he trusted to it to raise him yet higher; and at the sacrifice of honour, feeling, and every true and worthy instinct of human nature, he car- ried out his celebrated, successful but notoriously wicked coup d'état, which the French nation endorsed by voting him their Emperor. Though nothing that can be urged, no ar- YOKOHAMA, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 1st, 1870. [SINGLE Copy $1.00] gument that can be used, no necessity that can be insisted upon could justify or palliate that step, the nation forgave him and the world could only look on in wonder. But from that period onwards, none can deny that he has done much for France, and for civilization. During his reign, more real progress has been enjoyed by France than she had known for generations—so much so indeed, that many imagined that the flourishing state of Commerce would go far to counter- balance the emperor's evident leaning towards war. The King of Prussia, before his elevation to the throne was looked upon we believe by Germany, but certainly by all the rest of the world as a staunch champion of constitutionalism. But Bismarck soon took all that out of him; and after de- stroying the constitution Prussia enjoyed when he commenced his rule, and partially restoring it after his great successes in every direction in which his army was engaged with an enemy, he seeks now to abolish it as it should seem, by converting North Germany from a constitutional monarchy into an empire, of which he shall be the Autocrat. And if his present military campaign terminates as successfully as it - - 2 TIETIE IF A-Trø IE.A.ST. MENDICANT NUNs—(O BIKU SAN). has commenced, no doubt he will gain his end. But should he do so, can it be supposed that Germany, in the breasts of whose people the spirit of freedom exists as actively as in any nation, and where enlightenment, wealth and vigour are alike opposed to oppression, will submit” We have no faith whatever in the permanence of an Imperial régime over such a people. The Sovereign of Germany must govern by means of the national voice, and this must be heard in a legitimate National Assembly. In Austria the Emperor whilst retain- ing the title now governs by the Reichsrath; and in France the Emperor has lately yielded this point. If therefore the king of Prussia were to be proclaimed Emperor to-morrow, autocracy must be sunk, popular government with responsi- ble ministers be adopted, and the title alone remain. After all, it is a proud honour to covet—the title of Emperor of Germany; and if the King of Prussia can be content to wear it, and at the same time govern constitutionally, he is well entitled to it. But the Emperor of Japan holds a different position from either of his brothers of the West. By comparison his em- pire is but as a nutshell to theirs. In extent, in population, it may bear some comparison; but in point of knowledge, of science, of art, of everything—but good breeding, in which it is equal to either—where is it? Yet whilst Napoleonic power is but a creation of the present century, the French monarchy itself only dates from the fifth. Prussia too, was first deemed a kingdom in the year 1700, and the house of Brandenburg in whom vested the sovereignty, and of which the present king is the representative, took its rise in the 15th century, in the purchase by a small burgrave of Nurem- burg of the Marquisate of Brandenburg—for which he paid the Emperor Sigismund 400,000 ducats. All honour to the great and brave men who from such a beginning have made Prussia what she is to-day. And due honour be accorded to the talents and bravery, which, had they been guided by dis- cretion and humanity would have kept the name of Napoleon bright before the world. But how must the Emperor of Ja- pan look upon these men and their dominions? It is most natural that from the exalted position he holds as the descen- dant of a sovereignty which passes unbroken through more than two millennia he should look on with serenity and pride. That Japan has known trouble, and that his Imperial ancestors have had to assert their rule by the power of the sword is true enough. That during more than two hundred years, the active government of the empire has vested in a great and powerful subject is acknowledged; but that subject only dared to hold his authority from the man whose ances- tors are esteemed deities; and in the late conflict, he feared to point a sword against the sacred banner, or issue a com- mand in opposition to the Imperial will. The hearts of the princes and of the people alike quailed before the Mikado's flag, so that, of all who would have upheld the cause of the Tycoon, only a few stood firm, and they were overwhelmed by forces, many of whom sympathised with them but dared not disobey those who spoke in the Emperor's name. This is a most wondrous spectacle. It can never fail to * sume prominence in the minds of all who contemplate the present position of Japan. And now the young Emperor takes his ease in his castle at Tokio. No foreigner has any knowledge as to his daily life. TELIE E'_A-IR, E-A-ST- 3 Nominally, the Mikado is a student all his days; occupying himself with schemes for good government, and keeping at peace with his deified ancestry. All, however, is uncertain, and it must depend upon the tastes of the man himself, whe- ther he be a student, or a libertine; a slave to himself and his passions or a sovereign in deed as well as in name. One thing is certain that he has fallen on happy times for his nation in this:—that they are emerging from what may be termed dark- ness into light; and there is every probability of his people becoming enfranchised and enlightened by the force of cir- cumstances developing themselves gradually but surely; and he who has long been the mewed-up autocrat (!) of a sealed nation, will find himself the constitutional sovereign of a hap- py, enterprising and progressive people. France, Prussia, Japan! The past of France, the present of Prussia, the future of Japan! Empire, Kingdom or Repub- lic—France must remain great. Prussia too will hold the position her armies win. But Japan? We trust that her “baptism of blood” which happily was not very severe, may only clear the way for the advance of peace and all the bless- ings it brings in its train. That ambition may never blight her prospects, or embroil her with neighbouring nations. That her people and her sovereign may mutually strive not for the aggrandisment of their empire, but to render it re- spected by all other nations. (ſhe 3|lustration5. O BIKU SAN. N idea seemed to possess some of the early writers on Ja- pan, that poverty was rare, and beggars were unknown. But “the poor ye have always with you” is as true of this country as it is of all others, and begging is reduced to a system. There lives in Yedo, a potentate yelept the King of the Beggars, of whom we may some day have to write at length; but to-day our attention is claimed by another class. Of the crowds of natives ordinarily met with in the streets, none are more noticeable than the Mendicant Nuns (bikuni) or as they are called by the natives O Biku San. Their dress is not easily described, but their personal appearance is de- picted in the picture on page 2. Should a foreigner ask of a Japanese who and what they are, he may receive for an an- swer, “all the same as priests.” But they are in fact very dif- ferent. They are girls who are taken into what we might call nunneries for want of a better name—but their vocation is not so much to devote themselves to a life of seclusion, good works or prayer, as it is simply to beg from door to door. In various parts of the country there are large establish- ments devoted to their use, and in most places of any size or importance there are smaller ones. Here they are taken in, either as orphans, or if their parents are too poor to sup- port them and do not choose to sell them to a life of sin and dishonour, or, as it happens in some instances, if the par rents have little affection for them, and can pay a trifle to have them taken off their hands. The young things are clothed in the peculiar garb of the order, their heads are shaven, and they are fed and housed. In return they have to beg, to do reverence at every temple they pass, and give the proceeds of each day to the head of the establishment which they claim as their home. There are others in Japan, besides these mendicants who come under the title of bikuni. If a woman loses her hus- band, and resolves upon celibacy for the remainder of her life, on making her vow to the priests she has her head shaved, and thenceforward it is understood by all that she is “a widow indeed,” though not altogether dead to the world. She does not necessarily dress differently from others, nor does she especially exercise herself in any religious works. Public opinion may decide for itself whether she has been too happy or too miserable with her deceased husband; but her shaven head proclaims to the world that she desires no other. As a rule the mendicant nuns are debarred from matrimony so long as their heads are shaven, but if they desire to enter the married state, no compulsion is used against it. They allow their hair to grow and go their way; and many very respectable women, wives of men in good circumstances have in early life been of their number. *** Since writing the last paragraph, on enquiry of another Japanese, we are informed that they are not permitted to leave the order, but some do run away and get husbands. They would be prevented if they were caught in time. NAGASAKI. THE view of Nagasaki is taken from the Bungalow of Messrs. Glover & Co. In natural beauty of scenery, no country in the world can surpass Japan; and taken as a whole, no harbour in Japan can excel that of Nagasaki. It is varied in the extreme, having an island-studded sea, hills covered with wood, hills cultivated to their tops, and hills quite bare and rugged. Fortifications snugly esconced on the side of the hills, or boldly pointing their guns from the low islands. Villages dotting the beach, a fine and very pic- turesqué native town at the head of the bay, with a settlement of foreign built houses rubbing shoulders with it. Wessels of all kinds from the Western man-of-war to the Japanese junk, ride placidly at anchor, or move in or out, propelled by sail, by steam, or towed by a small fleet of Japanese row- boats. Then there are the several public works, such as the foundry, the patent slip, and now the dry dock—com- bining together to make a lovely picture. Fan-shaped Desi- ma too, at the inner extremity, and the island of Pappenburg at the sea entrance, lend an interest to the scene, such as no other port in the Empire can command. Nagasaki is now very far behind Yokohama and Kobé, in point of foreign business; but it was the open port of Japan when all others were closed. It was the port through which alone the Japanese kept up any knowledge of the outer world, and to which in each year one Dutch ship was allowed to come and discharge its cargo and load with Japan- ese productions. Circumstances too have given it much im- portance since the exchange of Treaties between Japan and other nations. Its proximity to the territory of Satsuma, of Hosakawa, of Chosiu, Tosa, Oowagima and a number of ·www.hoxox 'exowa wwq. honra， sae）, |- ----~--~~~~！！！！！！！！！！ ---- № ------_ ： |-|×|- |（~~~~|- |- № º ---- ”…T.Sv. №， ºr wraet №r-ELT, ºrº， №rmae trº_A_（PR, zºrla Sºrº. TAKAO, FORMOSA, 6 TIETE IF.A.I.E. E.A.ST. other powerful or enlightened Daimios made, it an entrepôt for their commerce, and being at a distance from the seat of government, these princes could act m ... more freely than they were able to do either in Yedo or Yokohama. Officers belonging to them were constantly resident there, and min- gled with remarkable cordiality with some of the leading foreigners, and thus was acquired, almost imperceptibly, a taste and strong desire for foreign habits. They established under the auspices of the Dutch, a Medical School, from which several clever native doctors have come forth, among others the well known Dr. Mats'moto; and a foundry at which some of their best Engineers received their instruction. Encouraged too by the success attending these, the princes have got from Europe, machinery, which they have taken to their own territories, and had erected under European su- perintendence. A patent slip too was opened on the 19th January 1869, on which during the first year no less than 30 vessels were repaired, one being a steamer of 1,150 tons. This success induced the government to commence the con- struction of THE DRY DOCK AT TATAKAMI, PICTURE of which in course of construction forms another of our illustrations. It is 460 feet long by 110 feet broad, with a depth of water over sill at neap tides of 21 feet and at spring tides of 26 feet. It is hewn out of the solid rock for the most part, and must prove very useful. The Coal mines at Takosima, worked until now by Messrs. Glover & Co., under a lease from the native authorities are producing such excellent coal, that the Princes of Kiusiu are ordering machinery from Europe, to develope the coal fields in their territories. In fact, in many ways has Naga- saki proved the cradle of Japanese progress, and we hope that the dulness that seems at present to pervade her, may pass away, and that she may still hold an important and honored position among the open ports of Japan. TAKAO, FORMOSA. ORMOSA, one of the most fertile islands in the world, although long known to traders on the China Coast, has only since 1860 been the seat of a British Consulate. Takao or Ape's Hill harbour is the nearest port to the chief city Taiwan, that is capable of receiving ships of any size. The troubles that long interfered with foreign trade in Formosa, were brought to a close, it will be remembered, by the spirited conduct of the late Mr. Gibson, the Consul, aided by Lieut. Gurdon in the Gunboat two years ago. The circumstances are so fresh in the memory of our readers that we need not further dwell upon these. Mr. Consul Swinhoe, the first Consul thus writes in the “Chinese and Japanese Repository” of November 1864:— “The island of Formosa has been long in possession of the Chinese. “The viceroy of Fohkien and Chekiang has to consider For- mosa as a Foo or district of the first of his provinces, and is bound by law to visit the island once every three years. These formal visits are lucrative to the high functionary, and anything but agreeable to the subordinates he goes to visit, for if they do not come before him with a handsome present their hands they run the risk of being shelved for the first trivial offence. To meet the emergency, the mandarins in their turn put extra taxes on the people, and thus, at the expense of all classes, the exalted kinsman of the emperor walks the path of duty, and returns, unlike most other tra- vellers, with a well-filled purse. Owing, however, to the present troubles in China, more than a decade has passed since the last viceregal visit to Taiwan. The Tai-wan Tao, or chief authority, of Taiwan resides at the Foo, or capital city. He is the chief magistrate, and has to make a circuit of the departments once annually. The next civil authority is the Tai-wan Foo, or prefect; then the Tai-wan Hien, or departmental judge; and lastly, the Taifang Ting, or marine magistrate. These are the chief civil functionaries resident in the capital. The chief military and nayal authority is the Chintai, who is at once commodore of the fleet and the com- mander-in-chief of the land forces. He also resides at the capital. The civil mandarins of Formosa are paid their salaries from the land-rents and grain taxes. These salaries are of nominal value. The Taotai, for instance, only receives 1,600 taels, or £600 per annum; but his emoluments are large, those drawn from the taxes on camphor especially. The yearly income he is said to make out of this, the most important trade of the island, is an almost fabulous amount. The Foo or prefect, besides court fees, lines his pockets from the immense salt monopoly of the island which he rules un- controlled. He has salt-offices, or Yen-kwans, at every place of any importance, and the toll is enforced with great rigour. The offices have regular and constant couriers running be- tween them and the capital, who are usually employed by the mandarins to carry official despatches. Foreign-manufac. cured salt is not permitted to be imported, and vessels are frequently made to discharge overboard what cargoes they carry of it before gaining admission into the ports. “The Hiens, or departmental magistrates, hold the Petty Assizes, and adjudicate in all cases of secondary importance. In their court, by legal fees and a process of intimidation, they generally manage to make pecuniary matters go smooth. “The Tings exact exorbitant port dues, all of which are set against the current expenses of their office. They are en- powered to lay hands on so many private vessels a year, for the purpose of eonveying rice to the imperial garner. These junks are paid a nominal freight, and are often detained idle for months. This the junkmen are too glad to escape by pay- ment of a moderate squeeze. This system has led to a seizure and embargo on all vessels that refuse to pay the toll or escape money. Use makes custom, and the Chinese now regard this exaction of the mandarins simply as Kow-set, or port expenses. “But the military offices of Formosa may be looked upon as so many gambling lotteries. The mandarinate of the cºin-tai is said to be the most lucrative on the island. * man Tsang who held this post while we were at Taiwanſoo had purchased the office with the present of 8.9% º: (£2,000) to the Tartar general of the forces in Fokien, * the previous incumbent, Lin, was ordered away tº the higher but less lucrative appointment of admiral at A*Y. But Lin, was not so easily to be deprived of the much-coveted berth, TELIE IFLA-TER IB.A.ST. 7 NAGASAKI DRY Dock. and by a counter-bribe to the Tartar general, got that worthy to see the necessity of ordering Tsang to accompany a draft of braves or militia-men to Foochow. Lin was on this return- ed to his original post. Tsang had only acted Chin-tai for eight months, and yet left the post with a clear profit of 4,000 taels (£1,000). “The military have another equally successful way of win- ning back their first outlay. At all the ports they have establish- ed their Woo-kow, or military port-dues; as the civilians have their Wan-kow, or civil port-dues. The military dues amount to about one-third less than the civil dues. The sum required of native junks varies generally according to their cargoes, the average being thirty taels to the one and twenty to the other. On foreign vessels at any port in Formosa, not open to trade, the exactions are usually made at fifty taels per mast, whether the vessel come in with full cargo or in ballast. At Tamsuy, since the opening of the port, these exactions have, of course, been done away as regards European vessels, and the regular tariff rates of dues and duties established. Great fear has always been entertained of the rebelling of the Formosans, and, to provide against this, soldiers required for service in Formosa used not to be enlisted on the island, but brought over from the main. In former years they were relieved yearly; subsequently, once in three years; but now it is too often a life service, the bones only of the exiled soldier being returned for burial to his native land—at least, when his relations come forward with the means to pay for their carriage. The yearly sum formerly given by the govern- ment for the maintenance of the army in Taiwan amounted to 200,000 taels. It is now reduced to a tenth of that sum. In the second month of every year a mandarin is sent to Foo- chow with a requisition for the money, and has to spend greater part of the year at the principal capital before he receives it. On these trips he generally speculates on his own account in fans, boots, and other goods. The trade-com- missioner assured me that the worth of the island was entirely eaten up by the rottenness of its administration, and that Taiwan, instead of being a valuable appanage to the crown, was a thorn in the side, and a drain in the purse of the pro- vincial government. The Pescadores alone contain a garrison of 2,000 marines, under a Hea-tai, or military commandant. For the maintenance of this detachment, a special mandarin is sent by way of Tai-wan-foo to Foochow for commissariat funds. Unfortunately, in every such matter the love of greed overweighs the sense of duty, and too many of the officers in command leave their posts defenceless, and put into their own pockets the money intended for the support of their men. As a special instance of similar conduct which came under my own observation, I would relate that while at Tamsuy we were living at a village which was officially recognised to have a garrison of 700 men. One evening, to the alarm and surprise of us all, it was announced that a disaffected village a few miles distant from us, intended to make a raid on us, to plunder the people and to murder the mandarins. The authorities fell into a paroxysm of fear, and had the gongs beaten to call the troops to arms. They beat the whole after- noon, and after much trouble succeeded in mustering 100 men. Nor indeed was the force known to comprise more; B TELE IF AIE E.A.ST. and yet it was down in the books as 700, and for that number the officer received supplies. “Takow or Ape's Hill harbour. The mountain call Are's Hill (from the numerous large monkeys, Macacus cyclopis, ºnat one time frequented º with its peak of 1,710 feet rises in hugh mass, its front sloping down into the sea and its back into the large plain. It stands alone conspicuous on the sea board, but er inland running northwards, Whaleback, and two or three other smaller hills appear to form with it a disconnected chain; but these are separated by a wide tract of level land from the great central chain. From Ape's Hill southwards, runs a mole which has disrupted into two blocks north and south, (the latter, called Saracen's Head). This disruption, about eighty yards wide, forms the entrance into the harbour, which is bound by the land on the one hand, and by a long low spit of sand on the other. There is a large mound of Fuller's earth at the foot of the hill, but the forma- tion is chiefly clay and limestone, abounding in great outcrop- ping masses of black volcanic rock, in many places scorched to a clinker, and mixed with fossiliferous limestone, Sea shells, and sea-worn pebbles lie embedded even near the peak, and a long stratum of oyster shells forms an exposed stratum under the soil on one band many yards above the sea-level. There appears every indication that the mountain is of com- tº: modern upheaval, and its botany may perhaps afford another good reason for .# so. I collected for several days, of every plant in bloom and found nothing new, nothing, in fact, that did not also flourish in the plains and low hills of the Chinese main. The only sign now given of volcanic action is the presence of the small sulphur stream on the inner side of the harbour which is covered at high tide. The break-water that the solitary Ape's Hill would form, would doubtless soon lead to the deposit of a long line of sandy coast, north and south, shutting in in shallow pools— the water discharged by the small rivers from the interior, And this is just what has occurred. Looking from the top of the mountain, the coast lines run in almost right lines, that on the south having entirely shut in the two or three small rivers that now empty themselves in the basin of the harbour, and thence through the cleft in the mole into the sea; and that on the north, where the rivers form pools which debouch gradually into the sea from shallow outlets. The southern sand-spit extends down to the Mong-soa hill which forms another breakwater, at the mouth of what would be an im- portant river, from its length and breadth, if not so shallow and barred. “The neighbourhood of Takowis well peopled, and well cul- tivated. The country abounds in bamboo, and banyangroves, in the midst of which cluster the houses of the colonists. These people are mostly Amoy and Chinchew Chinese, and seem good-natured, contented, and happy. Beyond this great southern river to the foot of the mountain chain, the colonists are mostly from the Canton district, near Swatow, and show but little submission to the mandarin rule, though the authorities have their emissaries as far south as Fang leau or Pong le, where the mountain chain slopes into the sea.” Çhe period. Y the Pacific Mail Steamer, which left for San Francisco, a more than usual number of Japanese took passage for Europe. Among them was a Mia—uncle of His Majesty the Mikado. In his party were several high officers belonging to the clans of Satsuma, Choshiu, Tosa and Bizen, and of the last named, we are given to understand, was the heir of the Chihanji. It was originally reported that Satsuma himself was going with some other princes, but that turned out to be a mistake. Nothing better could be desired for Japan, than that such men should travel, and see the world for themselves instead of through the eyes of their re- tainers, whose reports, at the best, must be strongly coloured with whºt they fancy will be to the taste of their lords. Th; question of street lighting has occupied the attention of two pub- lic meetings. At the first held on the 3rd September, it was agreed to subscribe for the lighting of the settlement, leaving it an open ques- tion whether the Japanese government is or is not properly liable for the expense; and a Committee of three, Messrs. Pitman, Benson and W. H. Smith, was appointed to ascertain the probable expense, draw up a scheme on which rules could be made, and the funds raised, and fe- port at an adjourned meeting to be held on the 17th September. On that day they gave in their report, to the effect thet the expense would be about $800 per month, and suggesting as “the fairest and most equi- table method” for raising the amount, a payment of 2 cents per month on each foot of street frontage. It was finally agreed to make no definite assessment for the present, but to raise the amount. if possible, by volun- tary subscription. The result of this has not yet transpired. THE telegraph between Kobé and Osaka is now open for messages in Japanese. The terms for transmitting messages in the native syl- labary are very low—only one boo for 150 katakana characters. The telegraph between Yokohama and Yedo has yielded most satisfactory returns from its very opening, and no doubt the same will be found of the Kobé and Osaka line. HE Hon. W. O. Seward, who was foreign Secretary of the United States under Presidents Lincoln and Johnson—i.e. during a period of eight years, arrived here by the China, from San Francisco, on the 25th ulto. He is on a trip round the world. A cleverly conceived but badly executed robbery took place at the En- glish Commisariat Stores on the day of the departure of the steam- er for San Francisco. Mr. Lynes, the foreman having got the signature of the proper officer for the delivery of certain stores, to be shipped on board H. M. S. Adventure, got a number of coolies together and ordered them to take down not only the proper goods, but a large number of bales of blankets, clothing, &c., besides to the Custom-house. He suc- ceeded in passing them for shipment on the Adventure, and had them placed in lighters, himself accompanying them. The officials, however, observed that when the boats were well out in the harbour, they took an- other direction than that in which the Adventure lay, and their suspicions were aroused. They sent after the boats, brought them back, and in spite of all that Mr. Lynes could say, had them landed and placed in the Cus- tom-house. This was late in the afternoon; and it turned out that Lynes had sold the goods to a Japanese merchant, received the money for them, and was in the act of delivering them, or had delivered them on the lighters. He had already shipped his wife and children on board the San Francisco Steamer, and now, under pretence of going to the com- missariat office to apprise his chief of the conduct of the officials, he went away to the hatoba, and got off to the steamer, which sailed before any- thing further was known. His absence the following morning, led to enquiries, and the whole of the affair was discovered. No less than 57 Bales were in possession of the Custom-house authorities, which the Senior Control officer at once claimed; and a thorough investigation is to take place to ascertain the extent of his depredations, N Amateur performance took place at the Chinese Theatre on the 28th September; the first of a short series, to be given for the benefit of the Church organ Fund. A sprightly little farce entitled ** “Irish compradore" written by gentleman who played the Princip" character, commenced the evening, and was followed by the trium” “cox and Box"—the music of which was written by one of ºngºnd's best musicians, Mr. Arthur Sullivan. Both pieces were exºgly Yell received by a very large audience, and it is expected that the triumviret- ta will be repeated. The music is of so high and so attractive **acter, that it cannot be heard too often. Printed and published for the proprietor by JAMEs R. ANGLIN, at the “Japan Gazette” printing office, No. 87, Main Street, Yokohama- THE FAR EAST. AN II, I, USTRATED FORT NIGHTI, Y NEWSPAPER. [Wol. I, No. X. * EENLY appreciative, as the Japanese have shewn # themselves, of everything in Western polity that º, has the appearance of improvement upon their own, gº the rapidity with which they have of late adopted P habits and systems that tend towards placing them on the same platform as other nations is very striking. Readers at a distance can hardly realize this fact. They are apt to look upon the Japanese as only half civilized beings, given to immorality, with a taste for first cutting down for- eigners, and then cutting them up. In the early days of intercourse, these were the principal topics—at any rate the most exciting ones—dwelt upon by writers on Japan. It was always the habit to blacken their character as deeply as possible with descriptions of their immoral tendencies, and then to find an excuse for them in the assertion that they see no wrong in them. And it was usual to dwell upon the YOKOHAMA, MONDAY, OCTOBER 17TH, 1870. [SINGLE Copy $1.00] atrocities that undoubtedly were committed on foreigners, and to represent the sword-wearers as villainous, bloodthirsty and cruel savages. Both of these views are false; and the sooner they are dissipated from the minds of those interested in Japan the better. There is evidently springing up among the more ambitious classes, a strong desire to see their country stand forth among the nations with an individuality and a character of its own. For centuries it has followed in literature its great neighbour China; and with the literature a certain tone was engendered, which, but for the real difference that exists in the very nature of the Chinese and Japanese would have permeated the whole people. It is fortunate for them that this essential difference has existed, for already they are taking a place in the world's race which will find them, if both go on as at present, in advance of the Chinese. In many respects they - - --- - == º -- Ai- º SATsUMA's SUMMER PALACE. TIEEE IET ALIE, IE_A_ST_ 3 ble. The reviews of his troops by the Mikado or high func- tionaries appointed by him; the keeping of His Majesty's Birthday with public rejoicings; and many other things, shew the broad views that have taken possession of the Court and those who are its counsellors, and that are spreading among the people. Our distant readers must not, from all this, run away with the idea, that all is accomplished for foreigners and their in- tercourse, in the country. We simply point out the changes and improvements as they pass before us—for it is impossible to witness all that is so rapidly developing itself in in Japan, without the deepest interest, and a feeling of something like affectionate solicitude. It is so different to all that we hear from China, that we cannot help instituting comparisons; and it is with an emotion of pride that we can call public attention to the fact that such comparisons are allin favour of the Land of the Rising Sun. (ſhe 3|lustration5. THE FRENCH BARRACKS, YOKOHAMA. N our last we gave an illustration of the French Barracks at Yokohama. They are good substantial stone buildings occupying a site on the opposite bank of the Canal to that on which the settlement proper stands, at the foot of a beautiful- ly wooded bluff, on the face of which are stone steps leading to the top, and to the original wooden buildings originally erected for them by the Japanese. Adjoining the edifices shewn in the picture, is a large space of ground, one half of which has been set, apart for a coal depot for the French INavy, the other portion as a parade ground. Including the hill itself the land enclosed for the French is a fine large piece, and at the top of the hill, it adjoins that appropriated for the English Barracks. It is gratifying to add that during the six years that these barracks have been occupied, the oc- cupants of both the French and English have always been on the most friendly terms; and their value as a permanent pro- tection for the settlement cannot be over-estimated. VIEW OF YOKOHAMA, FROM NOGE HILL. OKOHAMA, lying on a plain between two ranges of low hills—about 80 to 100 feet high, is commanded by a vast number of points from which fine views of it are to be caught, but only one or two permit of a photographic picture taking in the whole of it in one plate. This, however, is obtainable at Nogé, a very populous and busy suburb lying to the westward of the native town. This Nogé, a couple of years ago was some distance out of town: but within that period, ground has been reclaimed from the sea on one side, from a marsh on the other, and a fine wide street with large Japanese shops on each side, keeps the communication unbroken, so that soon, if Yokohama goes on increasing as it has done recently, Nogé will be looked upon as well within the boundaries of the city. It is amazing, to see, in every direction, the great spread of Yokohama. It is hard to estimate the number of its popula- tion; but we do not think we are far out in saying that there are roundly, within a radius of two miles, 800 Europeans and Americans, 2,000 Chinese, and 60,000 Japanese, in addition to 1,000 soldiers in the various barracks, and the floating population of the harbour, in which there are seldom less than 80, and sometimes over 100, ships. The railway, now in course of formation, will soon multiply these; and we should not be at all surprised to see the population double itself within the next five years as it has more than done during the last. In Yedo there are whole streets, whole districts, fast going to ruin, whilst with us building is going on so largely, that every month makes a difference in the surface of the land, and we firmly believe that if at the corresponding period of next year we again attempt to take a view from this same spot, the whole of the foreground will be covered with buildings. SATSUIMA'S SUMMER PALACE. HE Prince of Satsuma, ever since the opening of the Ports to foreigners has been more prominently before the world than any other Japanese noble. He has shown himself the most influential, the most ambitious and the most progressive man in the Empire; and although on one occa- sion he has come into armed collision with foreigners, and on another opposed with all his might the opening of Osaka to us; "although he was the foremost in the ranks of those who upset the Tycoonate, and had designs in so doing very different with regard to foreigners to those he has been mainly instru- mental in carrying out, yet we cannot withhold our acknow- ledgement of the manner in which he “accepted the situa- tion ” after the attack on foreigners by Bizen's clan in Janu- ary 1868, when the determined action taken by the foreign Ministers at Kobé wrought an entire change of policy at Kioto. From that time no one could have been more loyal to foreigners than Prince Satsuma. Once, in 1863, an Eng- lish Naval force had to go to Kagosima, his chief town, to inflict punishment for a cruel outrage committed by order of his relative Shimadzu Saburo. But time healed those wounds, and again in 1866, an English Admiral arrived there in a Line of Battle ship accompanied by two smaller vessels. This time, the British Minister, and Admiral went by invita- tion of the Prince, as his guests, and were most hospitably entertained in the Summer Palace, one end of which is re- presented in our picture. The gardens about the Palace, though small, are most tastily laid out, the back-ground being formed by a hill, up the front of which are miles of shady walks, with fine trees shading the sun from one's head, paths covered with a carpet of moss and fringed with ferns, and the perpetual music of a most clear brook, which gushes and bubbles along by one's side, until in the garden beneath, it forms a charming cas- cade, supplies the artificial streams and fish-ponds, and finally adding to its beauty and utility, turns a rice mill just outside the garden. THE INTERNATIONAL HOTEL, YOKOHAMA. HE building speaks for itself. It is one of the best hotels and most pleasantly situate of any in the East. “TTI EI ºpon xoºx ºwwww.oxox | - ~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ”JLSv ſºt ºſvaet №tTHĽur, 6 TIEHTIE ET ALIER, IEALST- THE TEMPLE IN SATSUMA'S GARDEN. 8 a simple little structure, without much ornamentation, but picturesque in its way. Adjoining the gardens is the foundry, a photograph of which shall appear in a future number of the Far East. Here Satsuma's people cast, without European aid, large cannons, shot and shell, and work a Steam Lathe. But of these things in ore anon. The period. REMARKABLE accident happened to one of our residents on the 31st ultimo. Mr. T. W. Miller was visiting a friend; and whilst walking with him in his garden saw another friend walking slowly along the road. Jokingly he took up a small stone saying “We'll soon make him move more smartly,” and threw it. As he did so, a curious snap was heard, and Mr. Miller said, “Oh, my arm has broken ; " and in a half fainting state he was led into the house. Surgical aid was very promptly obtained, when it proved that the bone about half way between the shoulder and the elbow had actually snapped. With some little trouble the arm was set, and although Mr. Miller was for some time confined to the house, he is now able to move about gently, and in two or three weeks may be convalescent. He had suffered somewhat from rheumatism in that arm of late, and in that state, the bone is frequently rendered very brittle. HE P. M. S. S. Co.'s Lighter No. 9, arrived on the 1st instant from San Francisco with a full cargo of lumber. She is built of iron and schooner rigged. The weather she encountered was often tempes- tuous, and she occupied sixty one days on the passage. ESSRS. Birch and Kohler finished their short series of entertain- ments on the 1st inst. They are quite as great favourites here as they are in every place they have visited; and the best wishes of all attend them. They have left for Kobe, Nagasaki and Shanghai. MAGNIFICENT review took place in Tokio on the 31st ulto., of all the troops in that city, before His Majesty the Mikado. HE Steamer Kanga-no-Kami is once more in our harbour and owned by a foreigner, Capt. Batchelder, who purchased her up horth, of the Japanese government. N the 2nd inst., Yokohama was visited by such a Typhoon as happily it rarely has to encounter. On Saturday the 1st Oct., we had a heavy fall of rain throughout the day, but it cleared up towards night, and only towards the morning of Sunday the 2nd instant did the glass give warning of what was to come. The following are the readings of the barometer and the course of the gale as observed on board the P. & O. S. Madras, as she lay in harbour. **** CENTRES TIME. BAR. WIND. of STORM 4. A.M. S. E. by S. S. W. by W. 5. , 29. 54. 6. ** 29. 50. South. West. 7. , 29. 42. s.s. W. W. by N. . 8. ** 29. 33. * > * > Aneroid. 2. 3. #4. A 9.45 29.27 10. , 29, 19. + š #2 3 * 10.40 29.20 11. , 29. 9. ##### * * 12.10 29.5 12. . . 29. 0. E: * = E: 1.30 29.16 1. P.M. 28. 94. S. W. by S. N.W. by W. 3.40 29.30 1.15 ..., 29. 0. 1.30 , 29. 10. S. W. by W. N.W. by N. 2.30 , 29. 25. W. by S. N. by W. 7.30 ,, 29. 42. West Norfh. About 2 A.M. it commenced to rain heavily, and the glass began to fall, and it continued to do so until midday when the gale was at its height. It reached its lowest point about 1 P.M., when it stood at 28.94, but from that it began to recover itself, the rain ceased, the wind fell, and thers was a comparatively fine afternoon. All then, who had not much dam- age themselves to occupy their attention, left their houses to pace the neighbourhood and mark the mischief that had been done. Dire indeed had been the ruin with which the storm-king marked his way. In the Japanese town, in the foreign settlement, at the Barracks, on the Bluff, hardly a house or tenement was uninjured. Homura, Ishi. kawa, and all the suburbs had also suffered. The Canal, the streets, and ' ' 've all the Bund gave evidenee of the elemental conflict; and we re- gret to add, that in some places, life had been sacrificed. On the water -i., in the harbour, the damage had been very great; and it seemed al- most incredible that such general injury could have been so quickly effected "or the bulk of it was done between 11 and 1. Amon the more prominent cases of damage on shore, were the fol. lowing —along the Yokohama side of the Canal all the factories are more or less injured. Mr. Pearce's forge-shop is thrown down; in Messrs. Harlow & Co.'s yard, a steam-boat, the keel and ribs of which had been laid, was entirely broken. At the “Vulcan Foundry" ashed was blown down, doing considerable damage; and at Mr. Cook's boat building yard next door, (No. 115) small injuries were received. Messrs. Wilkie & Laufenburg (No. 114) have been very severely dealt with ; their new sheds being blown down, and some vessels and boats they were building much broken. The machine shop at Messrs. Whitfield & Dowson's (Yokohama Iron works) which is strongly built of wood and stone, had some of the heavy stones thrown down, and falling on to some outbuildings, covering portions of machinery, sufficient breakage was effected to stop the working of the Steam Engine for a day, but all this was speedily repaired. On the opposite side of the Creek, at Homura, many native houses were completely destroyed. Many houses in the Main Street suffered very severely. Messrs. Ladage, Oelke & Co. had much of their roof blown off. The row of houses on Nos. 60 and 61, known as Bank Buildings are all injured, some by the sign boards being torn down, some the venetians, plaster and tiles displaced; one had a large shop window blown in bodily. But it is too long a list to attempt to give—the damages in the settlement. On the Bluff not a house was scatheless. The roof of Mr. Strachan's house collapsed, and the stables were unroofed. The windows of the Spanish Minister's house were much broken. The roof of Captain Brown's house was curiously riven. The Dutch Minister's flag-staff was blown down injuring the roof of his house. The small-pox hospital which is a series of huts like the soldier's barracks, had some blown down and all damaged. The barracks of the 10th Regiment were very much knocked about. Three huts were entire- ly crushed. Fortunately there was time for all the inmates to get out of them before they actually fell, and no one was hurt. As they were quarters of married soldiers, however, the wives and children were put to much inconvenience, and all the little comforts and possessions they had gradually got about them were buried in the ruins. Amid such whole- sale damage, it seems almost trifling to speak of fences broken and the removal of a few tiles, which some were so fortunate as to get off with. Returning to the settlement, the Bund at its eastern end presented a scene of desolation quite unexpected. The roadway which had been so well made and macadamized was a long heap of stones, all the earth which bound them together being was hed away by the wash of the sea which must have been very violent over it. The sea even reached the compound of No. 1, Messrs. Jardine, Matheson & Co., and left it in * very dilapidated condition. Both of the Hatobas had the huge stone” with which they were paved torn up and thrown about like so many pebbles. - Indeed, since the great fire of 1866, there has been no such devastatio" in our midst. Afloat, the following are a few of the casualties —Between 19 and 11 as the wind began to veer, all the men-of-war and most of the merchant steamers got up steam. The barque Gaucho and the steamer Attalante came together with a crash, the latter losing foremast, bowsprit and jib- boom, whilst her funnel and upperworks were greatly damaged. The former sustained but little injury. The steamer Otago was also run into TIETIE TET_A_LE, IE_A_ST- 7 NAGASAKI HARBour. by a barque that dragged her anchors. The Stag drove down upon her, and carried away fore-topgallant mast, topmast head, main topmast, mizen topmast, as she came across the steamer's bows; also having her bulwarks and stanchions on starboard side all stove in. The Otago lost bowsprit, figure-head and about 10 feet of covering board on the port side of the forecastle. The Stag began to drag early in the morning, as soon as the sea set in. The people on board the Otago seeing this, gave her all the chain they could : herself being only about 10 feet clear of the Tiptree with 75 fathoms on her riding anchor when the collision took place. The Abbé Bacon and N. G. Ship Andreas collided, each receiving considerable damage. The American Ship Fabius and the hulk Acorn came together, but no serious damage was done. The barque Arabia and the P. & O. Steamer Madras were also in contact without important injury to either. About 11 o'clock, the Powder hulk Emilie drove ashore on Kanagawa Spit. Now and then, when the squalls cleared, the seas could be seen making a clean breach over her. She will come off easily after discharging. During the gale, a foreign boat floated out of the creek, and becoming water-loggel, was blown towards Kawasaki. The Japanese Steamer Bahama got ashore, high and dry between Kawa- saki and Yedo—we believe she was stranded on Saturday evening about 6 o'clock. Besides these casualties, several vessels have dragged their anchors considerably. The gale had exhausted itself, the sea become smooth, and the weather mild by three o'clock, and the evening was quite calm. In Yedo, on all the coast and in the interior the gale has been felt. UR Amateur Corps Dramatique having now got possession of the New Theatre, that has been built for them in Main Street are busy rehearsing the Burlesque “Aladdin, or the Wonderful Scamp,” and a farce, with which to open their campaign in a few days. ER Britannic Majesty's Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs has addressed a circular to the British Consuls in China and Japan, on the subject of relief to distressed Britons. He tells them they must be very careful how they grant it, as the total allowance for China, "apan and Siam as allowed by a generous paternal government is £250 per annum. Perhaps our home friends will take the trouble to ascer. tain how many ports are open to our trade in these countries, and make a calculation of how much this sum gives to each Th; Yokohama Race Club have put forth a very good Programme for the forthcoming Autumn Meeting, which will come off on the 9th, 10th and 11th of next month. Twenty events are announced, to be supplemented on the third day by any matches that may be made. Moº absurd rumours got about the settlement on Friday the 14th instant, of a quarrel between the French and Prussian Ministers, and consequent preparation for war on board the men-of-war of the two nations now in harbour. One of our contemporaries said that the Minis- ter of Prussia had demanded of the Japanese Government, the surrender by the French of their barracks, arms and material now in Yokohama, as France “had ceased to be a Power." Another contemporary told us that the North German representative had threatened to bombard the French barracks, and hospital, if any North-German merchantman should be taken in these waters, by a French cruiser. It turns out that the re- presentatives of the two nations did not understand the Neutrality Pro- clamation of the Japanese government in the same way. One, the North- German, considered that a certain clause although omitting to define in so many words, that men-of-war and merchant ships alike should have the benefit of 24 hours' grace before they could be followed by a man-of- war of the other belligerent, virtually should be so interpreted—as in ac- cordance with plainly laid down International Law. The French Minis- ter held that the strict letter of the proclamation must be adhered to, which mentioned men-of-war only. The question was raised by a curious accident. The North-German Steamer Rhein had been engaged to go to the other side of the harbour to tow the S. S. Bahama off the shore on which she had been driven in the late gale. Directly the French gun- boat Linois observed her getting up steam, she did the same, and went out to await her outside the gulf of Yedo. An English vessel, the Vio- lette, coming in at the time, she obliged to shew her colours by firing a shot across her bows; thus proving the object with which she left the harbour. The Rhein meanwhile went over to the assistance of the Ba- hama, quite innocent of the commotion her getting up steam had caused. When the circumstances were reported to Mr. Von Brandt, the North German. 8 TIEEE EA-IB, E.A.ST- representative, he addressed a letter to M. Outrey the Minister for France calling his attention to the impropriety of the conduct of the French Admiral if he seriously intended attacking and capturing North German merchant ship's leaving the harbour; and observing that it would be a breach of Japanese neutrality to make Yokohama with its French Bar- racks, commissariat, Coal depôt and hospital, a base of operations for belligerency. M. Outrey replied, upholding the Admiral's acts; and stating that the proclamation clearly alluded to men-of-war only. Mr. Von Brandt then consulted his colleagues, and as they agreed in his view of the principle of international law, he went to Yedo, pointed out certain passages in “Wheaton" to the Japanese ministers aud left the subject for their consideration. In three days the foreign ministers re- ceived a communication from the Japanese government, announcing that they had added two clauses to the original proclamation by which they merely specified in terms what was admitted to be the law of nations. They had acted injudiciously, in not consulting foreign ministers before they altered a proclamation to which all had been parties; and the French Minister refused to recognise the change. And so the matter stands. HE S. S. Bahama was safely floated from her perilous position on the Kawasaki shore on the 13th inst., by Mr. Dowson, (of the firm of Whitfield & Dowson), and Mr. Pagden, and is now safely anchored in our harbour. Wr are sorry to report the loss of the barque Akindo, Captain Scott long and favourably known as a trader in Chinese and Japanese waters. ESTERDAY, Sunday the 16th October, was kept as the Birthday of His Majesty the Mikado. He is 20 years of age. In Yedo the officials entertained the foreign Consuls dinner at Hama Goten. In Yokohama there was a review of the Japanese troops from the Nogé bar- racks, by a Mia—uncle of the Mikado, Oowajima, and several Kugés. The Yokohama officials entertained the foreign Consuls at dinner, when the health of the Emperor was drunk and responded to in a most cordial manner. In Yedo to-day there is to be horse-racing on the foreign system. OSAKA. (From the Hiogo News.) CoNTRARY to the expectations of many, the typhoon reported in our last covered a very large area. The Oregonion felt the brush of it, and the heavy sea the centre had left, on her pas- sage from Shanghai to Nagasaki; the Coringa brings us news of its having been felt in Nagasaki; and by the Adventure we learn that in Yokohama, it proved fully equal to the gale of August last year, when the Nautilus cruised round the har- bour, spreading destruction on her path. Fuller particulars will, of course, soon come to hand, but if we are to credit the off-hand statement of one of the witnesses of the gale, Yoko- hama, from Homoko to Benten, must be a mass of ruins. The camp, the houses on the bluff, the settlement and the native town, are all reported to have suffered severely; while serious damages are reported to have happened to the steamer Attalante, and the American barque Abbey Bacon is said to have gone down at her anchors. We only hope that rumour, with its wonted spice of exaggeration has stretched a point, and that we shall find that a few of the houses have been spared. Nearer home, however, the gale showed its terrific powers with deadly force. Of the pilot boats which were down the bay at the time, one is driven ashore and seriously damaged and one is coming in dismasted. One of the compradores lost a boat and four of the crew, the rest and the European for- tunately escaping. Another boat has been severely handled by the waves, but reached home safely. All who were out in the gale say that the violence of the storm was something dreadful to see. One man saw four large junks capsize close by him, and expected the same fate every minute himself. The whole of the bay on both sides is reported to be covered with cargo and pieces of wreck—bale goods, tea boxes and masts all thrown pell-mell on the beach. If this blow has been felt on the West Coast we shall not have heard the last of its effects for a long while yet; that part is dangerous at all times, but when a typhoon happens the destruction must be very great. On Wednesday evening we had a typhoon far exceeding in violence that of the 2nd instant, and I believe the worst we have had siuce the port was opened, I have not been able to learn what has been the effect of the storm in the city, but judging from the mischief done on the Settlement and in the foreign quarter I expect to hear of some serious accidents. During the whole of Wednesday night the wind blew furiously, and the rain fell in torrents. The barometer belonging to one of our store-keepers fell to 28.50, he reports. When day broke yesterday morning the effects of the typhoon were to be seen in walls stripped of their plaster covering, and roofs of their tiles and shingles. Bamboo fences were laid low and wooden lookouts were either demolished or were canted over, So as to look anything but safe. The greatest mischief done by the wind in this neighbourhood was done to the Racket Court. The sky-lights were smashed, and some of them torn completely from their places. Shingles and roofing boards were blown from the roof and lay strewn around. But worse than the wind was the effect of the tremendous rainfall. The rivers rose higher than they have done since the famous flood of July, 1868. The Kumi Yashike, the foreigners' quar- ter was covered with water, the street near the French Hotel being in parts between 3 and 4 feet under water. Several houses inhabited by foreigners and hundreds occupied by Japanese were flooded out. As the waters continued to rise r 12 o'clock it was feared that serious disasters would happen. Alarm drums were beat and fire bells rung about 5 p.m., and up to midnight. The waters, which continued to rise 10 p.m. began at that hour to fall, and as I write at 10 a.m. there is but a few inches in the Yoriki-matchi. Rice has risen 30 per cent. retail since the typhoon of the 2nd instant, but now I fear yesterday's work will cause it to rise far higher. The P. M. Steamer Costa Rica from Yokohama confirms the remarks we made in our last issue with reference to the Cyclone which passed over these Islands on the 1st and 2nd of the month; it seems she was in the right hand semicircle while we in Nagasaki were in the left, and that the centre over the Island of Oosima at the entrance of the Kii Channel, moving in a Northerly direction. The Costa Rica was of course very much nearer the centre than ourselves, and felt the force of the storm very severely, in fact she had a hard time of it, for the main steam pipe having become accidentally disorder- ed it was necessary to stop the engines, and had it not been for the excellent seamanship displayed by Capitain Williams in bringing his vessel up with a sea-anchor, there is no knowing what havoc the wild waves would not have committed with his noble ship. It gives us much gratification to note that the Costa Rica comes out of a very severe ordeal º, ; acille confirming the high opinion already entertained of the - Mail Steamers, and reflecting the greatest credit on. Captain; Officers and Crew; the passengers are loud in the praise” of all concerned.—From the Nagasaki Shipping List. Printed and published for the proprietor by JAMES R. ANGLIN, at the “Japan Gazette” printing office, No. 87, Main Street, Yokohama. TIEEEE ETA-IR. E.A.ST- 3 But the fact of the non-abdication of the Emperor and of no na- tional expression of the public will regarding his deposition having been given, places the country in a very anomalous situation. Who can give to Germany the guarantees she re- quires? Rightfully, none but the Emperor. But will the nation ratify his deeds now? We think not. The provisional go- vernment is self-appointed. If the nation had made its voice clearly heard, the decision would have been accepted by the King of Prussia; but as it is, it does seem impossible that he could treat with M. Jules Favre otherwise than, through Court Bismarck, he did. Under these circumstances, appear- ances point to a continuation of the war until France has driven the German army once more from her soil, or Prussia crowns her past victories with some great and decisive suc- cess. The luck may turn—but it can only be by some pro- minent military genius coming to the front in France, such as hitherto this war has not shewn she possesses. Çhe period HE YOKOHAMA RIFLE ASSOCIATION held its annual shooting fête on the 17th and 19th instant. The competitors, however, for the various prizes were so numerous, that al. " a prº e could no be completed in the two days, and there yet remains a sufficient number of events to be decided to occupy another afternoon. An appointment had been made for last Monday to shoot them off, but a sad and fatal accident to one of the officers of H. M. 1st Batt. 10th Regiment prevent- ed it, and no unoccupied day has since offered. At this time the Asso- ciation holds the proud position of Champion Club of China and Japan, having been well in advance on the occasion of the match between Hongkong, Shanghai and Yokohama. Whether the championship could be retained now, we should like to have an early opportunity of seeing, but it is being supported with great spirit, and has about sixty members. The number of prizes was large, and the entries for them so great, that in one instance, where the third prize was half entrance money, the value of that was greater than the Cup which was the first or the Snider Carbine which was the second prize. In that case, it was decided by the Committee, that the winners of the 1st and 2nd prizes should select in turn. The competition was remarkably open, only two out of the whole list being reserved for exclusive competition among the members of the Association. The rest were open to all comers. The weather was good for the marksmen, although not particularly in- viting to spectators. The results so far as established are as follows:– THE RESIDENTS’ CUP. 1st Prize, Silver Cup, presented by M. J. B. Noordhoek Hegt, Esquire, $25; 2nd Prize, Sporting Carbine (Snider) presented by A. Barnard, Esquire; 3rd Prize, Half entrance money. Five shots at 500 yards. n to all comers. Any Rifle 0.577 inch bore, carrying ammunition of the British Service pattern, or the Service Rifle, at present used by the Naval or Military forces of any nationality serving at Yokohama at the time of the meeting. Entrance $2. 32 entries. points. ties shot off, Capt. Fraser, 10th Regt., ... 17 ... — 10 Private Gowring, m ... 17 ... --- 9 , Hume, » ... 14 ... ... - Capt. Fraser subsequently won the “Association Cup,” and not being permitted to retain both, selected the latter, by which Private ;Gowring received this first prize. BANKERS' CUP. 1st Prize, Silver Cup, presented, value $30; 2nd Prize, Half entrance “NORTH LINCOLN" CUP. 1st Prize, Silver Cup value $45, presented by the officers of H. M. 1st Batt. 10th (North Lincoln) Regiment. 2nd Prize, Half entrance money. Five shots at 200, 400 and 600 yards. All comers, British Garrison ex- cepted. Any Rifle. Entrance $2. 13 entries. 200 yards. 400 yards. 600 yards. | Total. Dr. Dalliston, --- 14 16 9 39 C. Favre Brandi, ... 16 4. 9 37 Serjeant Wydell, ... 14 15 6 35 jº . B. Noordhoek Hegt, 11 15 8 34 J. Favre Brandt, ... 16 16 0 32 ASSOCIATION CITP. Value $50. Open to Members of the Y. R. A. only. Entrance nil. Five shots at º and 600 yards. Any Rifle 0.577 inch bore, carry- ing ammunition of the British Service pattern. 13 entries. Captain Fraser, --- --- --- --- 42 points. M. J. B. Noordhoek Hegt, --- --- --- 37 m. Mr. Milsom, ... --- --- --- --- # ** -- C. Serjt. Brennan, --- --- Captain Fraser having previously won “ The Residents' Cup. and be. ing debarred by the “Rules” from taking two prizes, selected this. V.—ALL RIFLES COMPETITION. 1st Prize, $30; 2nd, $10. With half entrance money added in the same proportion. Five shots at 500 and five at 700 yards. All comers. 13 ENTRIES. Mr. Hegt, ... --- --- --- --- 24 points. C. Serjeant Brennan, ... --- --- --- 21 -- Corp. Horne,... - --- 17 -> VI. MEDAL OF THE NATIONAL RIFLE ASSOCIATION. Five shots at 200, at 500, and at 600 yards. Civilian Members of the Yokohama Rifle Association only. Any Rifle 0.577 inch bore carrying ammunition of the British Service pattern. Entrance nil. Mr. Hegt, ... --- --- --- 38 points. Dr. Dalliston,... --- --- --- --- 31 -- Mr. Favre Brandt, ... --- --- --- 23 -> Mr. Milsom, ... --- 22 -> CONSOLATION PRIZE. 1st Prize, $20; 2nd, 10. Five shots at 500 yards. . Any Rifle. ... Open to all (non-commissioned officers and men of any service excepted) who have entered into any of the preceding competitions, but have not won a prize of $10 value. Entrance nil. - points, 13 --- 13 --- 0 SERVICE CONSOLATION PRIZE. money. Five shots at 300 yards. All comers and any Rifle admissible. Entrance $2. points, ties shot off. Private Allen, 10th Regt., ... (Snider) ... 15 ºx Owen, -> --- *: ... 14 ... 3 * Clark, , ... , ... 14 ... 2 1st Prize, $15; 2nd, $10; 3rd, $5. Five shots at 200 and five at 400 yards. Open to non-commissioned officers and men belonging to the Army or Navy of any nationality, who have entered into the preceding competitions and have not won any prize. Competitors to use service rifles of their respective countries, which are at present in use in Japan. This was commenced, but has yet to be concluded. Besides the above, there is a second series of money prizes for all comers with any rifles; all which have to be decided on a future day. *...* We gave a photograph of the “Rifle Range” in No. Far East. ties shot off. J. O. P. Stearns, 2 Mr. Hodgson, of the WO capital performances have been given by the Amateurs who we mentioned as having commenced a series of dramatic and musical en: tertainments in behalf of the Church Organ Fund, at the Chinese Theatre. The first was on the 17th ulto., and consisted of two parts, viz.:-a mono- logue introducing several of the best Jacobite songs, by a short history of the '45; and a capital little farce “The Chops of the Channel,” in which all engaged did their parts admirably. The second performance took place on the 28th, and consisted of a repetition of Sullivan's triumviretta, “Cox and Box,” followed by “Incompatibility of temper.” These efforts of our Amateurs have been much appreciated by all who have attended them ; but the last was interfered with by several circumstances which prevented the andience being so numerous as usual. We believe there is to be one more, if not two, of these performances. We know not whe- ther they have been as productive as was anticipated, but we do know that if not, it has been for no lack of exertion or of talent on the part of the Amateurs engaged. 'hovºg srhl xowa ‘rhistor N ºorwow axx ani. No -|------|- ， -|× - --- - - ”JLS”vº， ºſvrae №t-Braet, frr：№rri; iſſº_ATER, THE A ST. Nigishi, rhow the HILL, Mississippi Bay. B TIEEE E'_A_IP, E.A.ST. striking the gongs at the various temples warning them to prepare against the encroaching of the rivers to the destruction of the crops; as it is, all the paddy-field are completely sub- merged, A large junk in course of construction alongsides Jiutei's Hotel floated out of her stocks, and had to be loaded with large heavy stone in order to keep her from floating away altogether. On Friday the current ran so strong through the river that native passenger boats could not get further than Temposan; consequently passengers had to land there and trudge it the rest of their journey. Sad havoc has been made of the roads round about the Mint; the road in front is for the most part three feet deep in mud, whilst at the rear it is a matter of wading knee deep in water before effecting an entrance. On Sunday, at 7 A.M. the ceremony of opening the Iron Bridge (Kori-bashi) took place, great excitement prevailing throughout the day on account thereof. The whole lines of streets on each side were crowded with spectators, all anxious to embrace the opportunity of being the first to cross the bridge after the ceremonial inauguration. The procession was headed by the two oldest inhabitants to be found thereabouts, a man and his wife, supported on either side; the former was stated to be 106 years of age. This was so ordered, that old age as well as youth should acknowledge the benefits of modern time and intercommunication with the outer world of Japan. Immediately behind the aged couple followed a high Sai- bansho officer on horseback, accompanied by several other officers, the usual paraphernalia of Japanese ceremonial—pomp and display–dancing in attendance. So soon as the procession was fairly on the bridge, the gates through which they had entered were closed; but when it had passed over they were again thrown open, and the bridge was free to the public. It requires no stretch of imagination to conceive the crowds that swarmed thereon; they met from either end in the middle, when, a stoppage taking place, the multitude simultaneously jumped up and down in order to try the strength of this novel construction, but it withstood all attempts to shake it. During the whole of the day crowds were continually pass- ing and repassing over the bridge, evidently under a feeling of excitement which their own customary pastimes do not create. In the evening the lamps were lighted, the people dispersed to their houses, and the city once more reposed in quietude. CHINA. (From the North-China Herald.) The North-China Branch of the Asiatic Society held a meeting on Friday evening, when T. W. Kingsmill, Esq., read a paper on the Tertiary deposit of Northern China. According to Baron Richthofen, this extensive formation is subaereal. Mr. Kingsmill combats this view, and maintains that it is a submarine deposit. Dr. Macgowan read a note on Bull-fight- ing in China. It appears that in some places this is becoming a favourite amusement; but Chinamen do not fight the animal, they merely pit bull against bull. A case showing to some extent the mode by which the Chinese contrive to render nugatory treaty stipulations with regard to tariff, even within what might be called foreign supervision and jurisdiction, came up at the Mixed Court, on Thursday. On the previous day, a Chinaman stopped a coolie, belonging to Remé & Co., while carrying a sample piece of habit cloth to a shop in the Maloo, and claimed a tax of Tls. 0.4.6. In vain the coolie represented that the cloth was foreign property, the parcel was taken from him, and put in a sort of bonded shop till he should procure a paper to that effect. Mr. Remé at once placed the matter in the hands of the Municipal Police, justly deeming it a flagrant interference with treaty rights. The case was heard before Chén and Dr. Jenkins, the American Assessor; and the inquiry then opened showed a state of things by no means satisfactory. It appear. ed that the man belonged to the Yang-poo-kung-tso hong, which has bought the privilege of levying taxes on Chinese in the settlement, and that there are some fifteen collectors employed ln looking after this revenue. Mr. Remé urged that these squeezes were very injurious to the interests off- reigners, and oppressive to the Chinese in the settlement, who had to pay Municipal taxcs. In this instance the amount was one half the Customs' tariff. Chén said the man had committed a serious offence in having asked for the impost on a public road and on goods not a Chinaman's, but in itself the tax was perfectly right, only its collection should be gone about privately and quietly. The principals of the Yang-poo- kung-tso hong would be sent for, and questioned as to how they came to make such a mistake as to stop this cloth on the way, and doubtless they would discharge the man This, how- ever, will only be an apologetic punishment, for this particular misadventure, and the system will remain untouched. We learn that Mr. Annecke, the Censul for the North-German Confé- deration has already taken up the matter, and has demanded that the squeeze-collector should be delivered over to him, in order that he might be brought before the Taotai, and the ille- gality of his occupation be represented. Art. XXIV of the Prussian Treaty specially stipulates that the Customs Import duty shall free goods throughout the Empire, with the exception of the Transit duty; and as no doubt the other Foreign trea- ties bear the same stipulation, we hope the Consuls generally will unite, and with the Municipal Authorities endeavour to put down the system, at least in the Settlements. News, which reached us by a former steamer, from PEKING, that a settlement had been proposed by the Chinese Govern- ment, regarding the Tientsin massacre is repeated, with an in- portant explanation, in communications brought more lately. There seems to be no doubt that movement was made by the Chinese Government to get out of the difficulty. But it wº by an Imperial mandate banishing the late Fu and Hsien of Tientsin, with a number of the actors in the tragedy, and order ing the decapitation of fourteen more. This show of justiº however, has not, we believe, been recognised by the Forº Legations, and is not therefore an arrangement to which ºl acceptancé has been given. It is looked upon as altº. insufficient, if not even derisive; and we hope that any º: short of the demands first made by Count Rochechoua", " continue to be firmly repelled. - - - at Printed and published for the proprietor by JAMES 8. ANGLIN, at the “JAPAN GAZETTE ". Printing 0thce, Mo. 87, Main Street Pokohama. | | | | | | | | º | º | º | | º | | | º | | º | | º º | | | | º º º | | º | | | º | | | | | | | | º | | º | | | | | | | | THE FAR EAST. AN II, I, USTRATED FORT NIGHTI, Y NEWSPAPER. [Wol. I, No. XII. : ERRIMENT and wisdom allied, we have the au- : thority of song and proverb for saying, are very good things., Wisdom alone is not so universally attractive : whilst mere merriment unguided by wisdom is decidedly bad. Since our last, Yokoha- ma has had its Autumn holiday for the three days racing ; and we doubt not that it was well and pleasantly spent by most of bur local friends. After all that has been said and written about the lotteries and other matters connected with the Rac- ing, we do not believe there is a tythe of the gambling here that is witnessed in every other place where we have come across the sport; and it is very rare to hear of any large amounts being lost or won at our little meetings. The greater number of those who support the turf here, do so for the mere pleasure and amusement it affords, and not for gains either of prizes or betting. YOKOHAMA, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 16TH, 1870. [SINGLE CoPY $1.00] Money! “He that wants money, means and content, is without three good friends.” “My friend, get money, get a large estate By honest means; but get—at any rate.” Shakspeare three hundred years ago, and Quintus Horatius Flaccus nineteen hundred years ago, came to pretty much the same conclusion as regards the possession of money, and to this day the same tale may be told in every country under the sun, that he who lacks money, means and content lacks three most valuable friends. A general report has lately been circulated that there is to be another race meeting to which we doubt not, many of our fellow residents would like to go, and in which they would probably find as much interest as in those of the past week. A Race Meeting at Yedo, at which it was hoped and HoMoCo WALLEY. 2 ºlºr=[E IF.A.I.E, IELA-ST. SATsUMA's FACTORY, KAGosmA. believed that Japanese would enter into competition with foreigners for the honour of the course ! Already the Japanese have inaugurated public races; the government presenting prizes to be run for, and the great men of the empire attending, sitting “cheek by jowl” with the plain commoners, and in one instance at least, taking part in the jockeying. But there was no betting, no gambling. It is against the law, and was not allowed. At that meeting, there were none but Japanese ponies and Japanese riders; and as the inferior classes are not allowed to ride, that is equivalent to saying that the jockeys were “gentlemen riders.” It was said that about 300 ponies competed in the various events; but whether this was so, or is an exaggeration, there is no means of ascertaining. It does not matter. It is suffi- cient that the sport, which they have copied from foreigners, actually came off; that certainly one scion of the Imperial house was present, perhaps more; that foreigners had a place set apart for them, and that the few who were there, were most kindly accommodated, and every attention paid them by the Japanese high officials and gentlemen who saw them ar- rive. Of the races themselves, we cannot speak, as we were not able to witness them; but that everything was conducted in the most orderly and efficient manner, all who were there are glad to affirm. From information we have received, it seems that the Ja- panese are not unwilling to contend with us, even allowing China ponies to show their pace on the Yedo course. But as yet rumour is in advance of fact, and so far as we can judge, we do not think the meeting will come off this season. In these dull times as regards business, it is well for a small community like ours to have some object on which to concentrate its attention ; and this would have been found to a small extent, and for a short period, in the anticipated Yedo Races. In all probability they would be largely atten- ded by foreigners; and the coaches, steamers and hotels, laying themselves out to provide all the necessary accommo- dation, would reap a fine harvest. It would be gratifying to see Japanese gentlemen combining with foreigners in this matter; and it might be the means of widening largely the social intercourse that is now rapidly springing up between us. Everything that breaks down the barriers, and promotes more intimate relations of this friendly nature is good. Mer- chants may come among us and sell their Silk and Tea and buy our Imports, but what does all that amount to ? The foreign merchant and the Japanese do not approach any nearer. Neither crosses the threshold of the other's private household ; and the two are not yet on an equal social plat- form. But the Japanese mind is rapidly expanding to the true character of things; and although there is still, and may long be, a feeling of dislike in the minds of the class entitled to wear swords, to the mere trader, the infusion of the former into the ranks of the latter, which has taken place so largely since the overthrow of the Tycoonate, will go far to raise the standard amongst merchants; and the large operations in which all the princes are more or less engaged, through their Kerai, with merchants of their own country and with those who come from afar, will also produce a greater respect for the native mercantile class, and cause them also to feel their "asanoo xov.g. www.hoxox ‘oorwig oorvaſ) º L --- º “ º s. ·|－|- |- ===----ſiiſ ----*****,,,，， "…LS VEĽ ºſv. BI RBD-ELJI, frr：№rrº， №º_A_TER, TEĽA ST. TRA HOUsa at Nigis HI, G TIEEE E'_A.I.R. E.A.ST. TEA HOUSE AT FOOT OF THE CLIFF, NIGISHI. IT is nothing in itself; but gives a good idea ol ºne kind of rest-houses that are quite common in Japan, and of which several have sprung up along the road-side, to attract foreigners to sit down and rest, and take a cup of tea, or lounge away a little time munching a Japanese cake or sweet- meat, and chaffing or submitting to the curious scrutiny of the attendant nymphs. These pass their remarks to one another, and pull ones' appearance, dress, jewellery, demeanour, per- sonal peculiarities to pieces as unmercifully as the most co- quettish or quizzical she, that ever drove a poor fellow crazy, heaped mountains of other people's hair on her pretty head, or uglified her lovely shape with suburbs of crinoline. The Ochayas or tea-houses are the hotels of Japan. Some of them are very large indeed; but although they differ in point of size and excellence according to the trade they do or anti- cipate, and the character of their customers, generically they are all the same. All the lower or ground floor is open throughout. The kitchen or cooking place is here, and every one who likes to look may see everything that goes on there. As visitors arrive, they are shown either to the upper floor or such portion of the house as is to be allotted to them, and a room is formed by sliding panels, (all made of one size and composed of a neat and light wooden framework covered with paper), into grooves made for their reception. The floors are covered with neat and very clean straw mats, which are the sole furniture. The mats are all of uniform size, six feet by three, and the grooves in the floor and ceiling for receiv- ing the sliding screens to make the rooms, are from twelve to eighteen of these mats in size. If, however, the party be very large, by leaving down one or more sets of slides the room may be as large as is requisite. In mere rest-houses such as that in the picture, which are intended more for the refreshment of pedestrians by day, than for the accommoda- tion of travellers by night, it is a common thing for Japanese to engage apartments on the upper floor, order a big feast, and with plenty of saki (wine produced from rice) and such means of amusement as the house or village can afford, go in for a jollification. Foreigners usually just enter, accept a cup of pale Japanese tea, boiling hot, without milk or sugar, and a rice cake or two, and in a few minutes continue their walk. The tea-house keepers make them very welcome, however; for whilst they give no trouble, and consume al- most nothing, they are apt to throw down in payment, a coin of at least ten times the value a Japanese would pay for even better entertainment. Proceeding up the hill at Nigishi, from this tea-house, we come to the southern extremity of the Race Course. THE RACE-COURSE, FROM THE NORTH. Nº photographic picture can give any idea of the beauty of the Yokohama race-course. It is formed by bank- ing up a dip in the plateau behind Mississippi Bay. The ground was level on the two sides and at the southern end, but a gully established itself between them, and took its course right down for a long distance, until ultimately it de- bouched on the plain shown in the first picture. The upper portion being banked up as seen in our illustration gives a noble course of one mile and a few yards in circumference. The Japanese government having obtained the necessary land from the farmers, fenced it in, and handed it over tot. Race Committee on condition of their paying a rental of 1,600 dol- lars a year, but on more than one occasion they have sub- mitted to a reduction. The picture is taken on the rorth. side. THE GRAND STAND. A. MAGNIFICENT view is obtainable from the Grand, Stand in every direction. Straight to the front, is the fine sweep of the course, and beyond, cultivated fields and wooded hills, with Mississippi Bay studded with Japanese sailing boats, the entire gulf of Yedo with ships and steamers of all nations entering and leaving the port, and in the far- distance the coast line of the opposite shores of the gulf. Turning to the left, the eye catches the road to Yokohama following the undulations of the soil, and over the Bluff with the numerous residences built within the past three years by foreign purchasers of the land, is seen Yokohama and the shipping in the harbour, with Kanagawa in the distance. Still turning to the left, the eye wanders over the indented plateau, everywhere cultivated or well wooded until it reaches the great Ooyama range of hills reaching a height of some 6,000 or 7,000 feet, and as a background towers up, the most beautiful as well as the grandest of all, the symmetrical form of Fusiyama—the matchless mountain—the pride of Japan and the admiration of all who see it. It is ...ible to people living nearly two hundred miles apart, but no better view of it can be obtained of it than from this epot. Turning further in the same direction the original view we started with somes back, and one is forced to admit that a more beautiful or per- fect panorama it is hardly possible to conceive. But though so fine to the eye of sense, it is too distant to be equally so in a photograph. We have therefore contented ourselves with merely giving the Grand Stand as it appeared on the race days, and describing what may be seen from its top. FACTORY, KAGOSIMA. NOTHER picture of Prince Satsuma's Manufactory at Kagosima. It was only in process of preparation when this was taken—but now it is in full work and all is as busy as the busiest of home Mills. To some friends who lately visited Kagosima, the fact of the various workshops and factories on the European system being in active opera- tion gave an impression of the vigour and intelligence of the Satsuma people, over all that they had met with elsewhere in Japan. A striking feature of Kagosima too, is, the num- ber of people in European dress. But one thing that is pecu- liarly characteristic of Japanese was observable:—that in their eagerness to go ahead they try to run almost before they can well walk. It is a fault on the right side; but it is a great one. Öhe period. Tus early portion of the month was taken up more or less by most classes in Yokohama, in speculating on the “ comingaevents” shadowed forth for the 9th, 10th, and 11th of the month. The Autumn Meeting of the Yokohama Race club, appointed for those days, though TIEEEI. IF.A.I.R. E_A_ST_ 7 THE RACE Course. presenting no new features of interest, form a kind of oasis in the desert of our existence; for since the commencement of the war in Europe, that has been very dull indeed. Invariably the race days are looked forward to, as a holiday, and many who do not care for the sports, go in for the holiday, and take excursions into the country, or to Yedo, or go down the gulph, for which the three days give them ample time. The races themselves were but thinly attended; and even those most interest- ed in them did not consider the meeting, on the whole, so satisfactory as usual. The weather during the two first days, was all that could be de- sired, neither too hot nor too cold, but bright and cheerful ; and the number of Japanese present was greater than at the two last meetings Still the Grand Stand looked comparatively deserted ; and notwithstand- ing that the events were for the more part well contested, the old spirit was certainly wanting. The absence of the Steeple Chase and even the Hurdle races diminished the interest of the public in a wonderful degree. The 11th was so wet that the racing was deferred until the 14th, and the sport on that day had more spirit in it than on either of the other two days. We regret to find that at the next meeting, one of our most liberal support- ers of the turf will be absent; so that unless new blood is infused into the sports, we cannot anticipate any improvement. We must hope that before the spring things may improve. The following are the resnlts of the various events : 1.—CLUB CUP. PRESENTED–For China Ponies. Winners of more than one race at last Spring Meeting excluded. Weight as per scale. Entrance 25. Once round and a distance. Mr. Morrisons's --- ... Garry Onen... --- ... 1 , R. Field's ... ... Mitrailleur ... ... ... 2 , W. Henry's ... ... Cobham ... ... ... 3 2.—MAIDEN STAKEL, Value $125. For Japan Ponies that have never won a race. Weight 11st. Entrance $5. Half a mile. Mr. Skram's ... --- ... 0n'en Glendoner 1 , Oldham's R. E.... ... Torpedo --- --- ... 2 , R. Field's --- ... Sans Espoir ... --- ... 3 3.—CELESTIAL CUP. PRESENTED.—For China Ponies, Winner of the Club Cup excluded. Winners of more than one race at the Spring Meeting 7lbs.extra. Weight as per scale. Entrance $5. Three quarters of a mile. Mr. Crawford's --- ... Southern Cross --- ... 1 , Morrison's --- Platcatcher ... --- ... 2 , Shiers's... --- Omio ... --- --- ... 3 4,-NIPPON CHAMPION PLATE. ºlue $150. For Japan Ponies. Weight 11st. Entrance $10. One Inlie. Mr. Ecallaw's -- ... Samourai --- --- ... 1 , Skram's --- Paddy Whack --- ... 2 , Von Zittau's ... ... Antelope --- --- ... 3 5.—HACK STAKES. Value $75. For all Ponies that have been ridden as Hacks in Yokor hama for six months previous to date of entry and not entered for any other flat race at this meeting except the Consolation Plate. Winners of any flat race excluded. Weiget 12st. Entrance $5. Once round and a distance. ,, R. Field's --- Dick ... --- - ... 1 , William's --- ... Drum ... -- --- ... 2 “, William's --- Cobneb --- ... 3 6.—CHALLENGE CUP. Value $150. For China Ponies. Weight as per scale Entrance $10. Two miles. Mr. Crawford's --- Southern Cross I , Morrison's --- ... Shylook --- --- ... 2 , Morrison's --- ... Garry Owen --- ... 3 7.—FAREWELL CUP. PRESENTED.—For Japan Ponies. Winner of the Nippon Ch - Plate excluded. Weight 11st. ppo ampion Entrance $5 Once round and a distance. Mr. Skram's --- ... Paddy Whack --- ... 1 , Skram's --- ... Thady o'Grady - ... 2 , Oldham's R. E., ... ... Torpedo --- --- ... 3 THE FAR EAST. AN II, I,USTRATED FORT NIGHTLY NEWSPAPRR. [Vol. I, No. XIII. º ATIONALITY is one of the strongest bonds that § ºf bind individual men to each other. Nationality is equally powerful in its effects on communities in re- ference to their connection with a parent state. And these facts are well proved by our nearest neighbour, China. In that vast Empire, so many different dialects exist that it sometimes happen a mere river separates those who can read each other's written, but cannot understand each other's oral language. Yet the Chinamen of Canton and Hainan claim kindred with the Chinamen of Pekin and Ransoo, and the borderers of the Amoor or the Yangtsze Kiang with the dwellers of Santa Foo and the fishermen of Ya-long Kiang. What matters it that they inhabit re- gions two thousand miles apart 2 They all acknowledge one sovereign, the heavenly ruler, the Son of Heaven; and they are equally Chinamen. So of all other peoples, it matters YOKOHAMA, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 1st, 1870. [SINGLE Copy $1.00] not how far asunder may be the particular spots where they were born; those who claim the same protection—be it Impe- rial, Royal or Republican, and obey the same national laws, meet where they may or under whatever circumstances, are countrymen still, and the fact constitutes a brotherhood hardly surpassed by that of actual family ties. But nationality has qualifications. Various provinces of the same state, whilst claiming the common name, have often characteristics differing so widely, that they seem to be, and indeed, in many instances actually are quite distinct in race. European nations produce examples of this in a greater de- gree than any others. Thus Austria has a prodigious variety among its subjects, who differ as greatly in every other re- spect as they do in their language ; yet all greet each other in a foreign land as Austrians. To a lesser extent is this the case with North Germany, with Switzerland, with France and LITTLE FUSIYAMA, SIMoDA. 2 TEEE EAE tºr- -- even witlı Great Britain. oPPosition to the central There are many Englishmen to whom it will be news to be told that in the United Kingdom there are to be found men, women and chil- dren, who do not speak a word of English. In Ire- land, in Wales and in the Highlands of Scotland such people live ; but all find a rallying point under the old Union Jack, and though they may not understand each other's lingo, they will fight shoulder to shoulder for their Queen and country. But war and discord may devastate a nation, even when its foes are those of its own household. Civil dif- ferences, ill-governed pas- sions, and, very often, perso- nal ambition may combine to place men as rebels against constituted authority, and produce hatred and bitter- ness far exceeding any cre- government at Yedo. It will be remembered that one rumour told how Prince Satsuma had declared that he would open Kagosima; but that he would have no treaties and no Consuls, and those foreigners who visited his territory should be under the same laws as govern his own people. Wery big talk, but quite impracticable. Now we hear nothing of this kind. All the more important nobles haveplaced themselves, their clans, their ships and territories, unres- ervedly in the hands of the Emperor, and there is no place throughout Japan where his “writ runneth not.” The effects of this are gradually unfolding them- selves. Not only are Japane- se from the extremes of the Empire visiting all quarters of the globe, everywhere ated by the differences bet- ween rival empires. In several of the European States it is seen at this very day; and in China, the government is never without such troubles. Japan has had one short year of civil strife, after a period of two hundred and fifty years of peace; and a traditionally warlike people have seen the form of government, that had secured this long freedom from hostilities, annihilated, set aside and put alto- gether out of the way, with a coolness and indifference which to Western notions seems well nigh incredible. London ap- prentices and London trained bands, on more than one occa- sion in English history, saved the crown; but in Japan, none but the fighting class put forth a hand on either side. All looked on, in sorrow it is true, but without any outward sign of sympathy; and resignedly accepted the altered rule without one act of remonstrance or of opposition. And now foreigners see a greater amount of life in the go- vernment than ever could have been displayed under the old system—when the acts of the most enlightened Tycoon were hampered by the jealousies and foreign antipathies of the Mi- kado's Court. Yet we frequently hear expressions of appre- hension lest the present state of things should be opposed by some of the old daimios and their clans, sword in hand. We do not believe it for one moment; but we look to actual facts and see the improved nationality that has lighted upon the Empire. Only four years ago, we used to hear constantly of Daimios, who, nominally independent princes, were desirous of throw- ing open their ports to foreign trade. They proved that they were not absolutely independent, by not daring to do it in UNFINISHED LIGHTHouse, CAPE SAGAMI. received with kindness and consideration for the sake of their nationality; but in their own country much is transpiring that gives them a firm footing in the regard of other nations, and affords the very best promise of the future. Among these things, in our opinion the greatest, because the most unselfish, is the manner in which they are planting light- houses on the most dangerous points of their coast. These may truly be considered the nation's contribution to other nations. Their coasts have always been provided with small lights to serve as beacons for their shore-hugging junks; and as yet they have comparatively few vessels of their own to derive benefit from lights of a more expensive character. But on the representation of the dangers of their coast, and the value of lighthouses to foreign merchant ships, being made to them by foreign ministers, they agreed to place them in cer- tain positions pointed out to them. They have engaged En- gineers and artisans from Europe, practically acquainted with every detail connected with such works, and are proceeding on a scale, which may well astonish those who call to mind that up to twelve years ago, the Japanese refused to have any part in the comity of nations. Two of our illustrations to-day, will give some idea as to the character of these works—whi up to the present time they are carrying on without receiving any light dues, or any aid from foreign funds. It is a # noble national contribution to the commerce of the ºr and we trust that ere long their own merchant ships mºy be numerous and important enough to make the light.” Prº cal benefit to themselves as well as to foreigners; that their national flag may be seen waving to the breeze in ºy fo- reign harbours; and their nationality may be recognised, hon- oured and respected wherever ships can float or * travel. TELIE, IET-A-R, E-A-ST- 3 Çhe 3|lustrations. N our article we have touched upon the lighthouses which the Japanese are erecting round their coasts. A trip which the thoughtful kindness and courtesy of the Engineer- in-chief of the department, Mr. Brunton, invited us to take to Rock Island and Simoda, both opened our eyes to the vi- gour with which the government is prosecuting the works and also to the magnitude of the task they have undertaken. No wonder is it that they require a commodious, fast and powerful steamer to be devoted exclusively to the service. No wonder they require a large staff of practical Engineers and mechanics from Europe. The aggregate of labour is so vast : the difficulties to be overcome are so numerous and so great, that we can but express our warmest admiration of the pluck and public spirit displayed. On the coasts of Japan, the present scheme of the govern- ment is to establish sixteen lights—two being light ships. The rest are all lighthouses. Of these, three are already completed under the charge and superintendence of M. Verny, the French Engineer in chief of the Government Dock and Arsenal, in course of construction at Yokoska, about twelve or fourteen miles from Yokohama. Of these three, one is on Kanonsaki, a headland jutting into the gulf of Yedo, a few miles below. Yokoska. The second light is at Kamisaki, away on the opposite side and at the extreme entrance of the gulf. The third is The remainder of the lights, besides beacons and, buoys, are under the charge of the Lighthouse department, at the head of the works of which is Mr. Brunton. The works are at Benten, at a distance of about a mile from the foreign settle- ment of Yokohama. Here the foreign employés have good substantial and handsomely built dwelling houses; and there is a good yard in which many of the engineering operations are carried on ; and from which one lightship, now in use at the entrance of the port of Yokohama, has already been turned out; and another lightship, destined for Hakodate is being proceeded with, and is far on towards completion. in this establishment are either prepared or provided all the paraphernalia requisite for the works of all the lighthouses round the coast; and from hence they are shipped on board the fine steamer Thabor, recently purchased of the M.I. Company, and in her they are conveyed to their destination. Would our readers know what is thus conveyed? We would say—everything. Or, we might put in practice a Scotch idiosyncrasy, and answer one question by asking another— What is not ? To-day we give five pictures, all associated with our trip ; and they include a view of the unfinished lighthouse that is being built at Cape Sagami, and one of the lighthouses all but completed on Rock Island. Cape Sagami is only about 25 miles from Yokohama, and is situate about half way up what we may call the neck or entrance into the gulf, before it widens out towards Yedo and Kanagawa. It is only some ten miles below the Kanonsaki lighthouse, and it will be a very valuable light by itself as well as in combination with Kanonsaki. At this spot, there was no village of any kind, and the site of the proposed building was a rugged bush-clad knoll, to which everything had to be brought. We say every- thing. First coolies, wood, stone, lime and other ingredients for mortar, mechanics, tools, all materials for building dwell- ingsfor the workmen, labourers and superintendents, withstores of all kinds both for natives and foreigners. There was no- thing but water that could be found in the locality. All these things had to be conveyed by native junks or in the steam- er; and it would be worth the while of our local friends to take an occasional sail down the gulf so far, to see how the operations are carried on; the landing jetty ; the inclined plane on the hill side up which everything is hauled by windlass, railway fashion; the stones used in the construction of the lighthouse; the busy scene exhibited by the numerous arti- zans at work upon them, shaping them with geometrical exact- ness to take their places to a hairs-breadth, so to speak, in the circular tower in which the great essential, strength, is combined with perfect symmetry. But as we have a still more important spot to visit, and one that we are pretty sure, very few of our readers ever will have the temerity to approach except under similar favourable circumstrinces to those which operated in our behalf, we will leave Cape Sagami ; and after a spell of some five hours we approach Rock Island. But not yet to land. It is only now and then, often at considerable intervals that a landing can be effected; and then only at one little cove in the island. we are therefore obliged to make for Simoda Bay in which we anchor, in sight of, and about six miles distant from, the Rock. And as we must lie here until the weather moderates, and we may be enabled to visit the Rock, we will occupy ourselves awhile at our anchorage. We are bound to give our local readers credit for some knowledge of the country they reside in, if not from actual ex- perience, at least from the perusal of those books which have treated of the subject. But friends at a distance, (and strange- ly enough, we always think of them more particularly when we give our descriptions of, or remarks upon, the places and the people of the Far East), may not be so well acquainted with the history of so far-away a land as Japan. Simoda has an especial interest; inasmuch as it was the port that was opened for the residence of Americans, when Commodore Perry succeeded in making that Treaty which was the opening wedge of foreign intercourse with Japan. Hither came the first American Minister-resident; and here he resided long before any practicable commercial Treaty was arranged between his country and Japan. We had no sooner cast anchor and made all as snug and secure as in such a harbour it could be, than our kind-hearted commander, Captain Brown, who knew that in this trip plea- sure was with us to be combined with business, suggested that we should land and visit the temple, in which Mr. Harris and Mr. Heuskin dwelt together so long. Our photographer, Mr. Michael Moser, who was assistant to the photographic artist who accompanied the late Austrian Expedition to the East, landed with us with all his paraphernalia, and the view on page 4 is the result of his visit. Captain Sherard Osborne, R. N. in his very interesting little book, “A cruise in Japanese waters” has given us so interesting an account of Simoda, both in respect of its having wºong ºnrwwwww xi ºtonºomsºrg º,a，i，n，rw ºtvorwºorw iawn， mae ”JLS”vrae ： Tºrae termet， ºr（Errºr. Tº Aiº xer:A.S.T. Roox Island LIGHTHOU5£. 6 TIETE 337 A.I.R. Tº A.S.T. been the residence of Mr. Harris, and of the fatal visit of the Russian frigate Diana, in 1854, that we cannot do better than quote what he says :— “We neared Cape Idzu, a mountainous promontory, at the extreme end of which the port of Simoda stands; and if the Japanese had ex- º: an invasion of their country by the countrymen of Commodore erry, they could not have better foiled it than by inducing him to go to such a spot. It was decidedly picturesque, however, and under the effect of a fine unclouded day, with a blue sea sparkling and lashing itself up under the effect of a rattling west wind, the whole scene was one worthy of a painter's skill. The Retribution and Emperor hove in sight, and we pushed on under a heavy press of sail and steam for Simoda. Early in the afternoon we reached it; and after going right round the bay, and poking into every corner to look for shelter from the ground-swell, we plumped the anchor down, having satisfied ourselves that, however pretty the bay might be, it was no fit harbour for a ship, and that the Japanese had decidedly weathered the Transatlantic Commodore when they palmed off such a spot upon him as one.” “The last person to find fault with a port without good cause should be the seaman who had just reached one, however insecure, after having been tossed and shaken into a jelly by gales of wind in the open sea. On , the shortcomings, therefore, of Simoda in all the requirements of a harbour for men-of-war, and much more for mercantile purposes, we shall abstain from dwelling. Its deficiencies were so apparent to Mr. Harris, the American Consul-General, that, by treaty with the Japanese, he has resigned it for some safer and more convenient spot. Situated as it is on the extreme of a mountainous promontory which projects into the full sweep of the Pacific Gulf-stream, it is most difficult of access to sailing vessels, and lies in the most active volcanic region in Japan, if not in the world. Within sight of Simoda, the smoking crater of “Wries Volcano" serves as a beacon to remind the inhabitants by how precari- ous a tenure they exist upon the seaboard of the Idzu promontory. Only four years before our arrival, an earthquake, aided by terrible rollers from the sea, destroyed the town of Simoda and the greater part of its inhabitants. The Russian frigate “Diana," commanded by the present Admiral Count Pontiatine, was at anchor in the harbour at the time. She was wrecked ; but her gallant captain and crew were saved to give us an account in graphic language of the horrors of that terrible De- cember morning, and the heroic manner in which they stood to their shattered ship. “Whatever may be the demerits of Simoda as a port for shipping, no one can deny it is an exceedingly picturesque spot, replete with glorious combinations of turf-clad valley and wooded crag, sharp-cut cliff and rocky cove, mountain and ric ly-cultivated plain. One most romantic- looking corner in this picture was somewhat marred by a stiff white flag- staff and the American ensign. From this corner of Simoda Bay the Consul- General of the United States made his appearance, and most warmly we welcomed a gentleman whose earnest endeavours and great personal sacrifices are likely to bring about such vast changes in the future his- tory of Japan. Mr. Harris seemed a man well fitted to be the pioneer of the energetic Republic of North America. Earnest, enthusiastic, and clever, he is gifted with that self-reliance which carries his countrymen over difficulties, whilst we more methodical slowcoaches sit down and reason upon them until the time for action is past. He has had great success in acquiring for himself the friendship and confidence of the peo- ple and officials of this jealous and exclusive empire. He had visited, with both eyes open and a liberal spirit, most parts of the world—and, happy man, the world had neither hardened his heart nor blunted his power of º: the good and beautiful wherever it might exist. It was refreshing to hear his warm and sincere eulogiums of the Japa- nese people, though he did not go the length of attributing to them every transcendent virtue. He expressed a kindly and natural anxiety for the long course of misery and revolution that will most probably ensue, when the introduction of European civilisation and a different creed shall break down, and will not, at any rate at first, supply the place of, an existing system, which, so far as the material wants of the people are concerned, looks so perfect. The Consul had been much in our colonies and dependencies, and understood the Asiatic character well: he had been in Lucknow when still independent, and had feasted with its sensual monarch and princes; he had shared in Otaheitian holu-holus or native dances, and knew the missionaries and missionary-eaters of New Zealand. His admission to Japan with his secretary and interpreter, Mr. Hewskin, was the result of the treaty obtained by Cammodore Perry. which I have already mentioned. Having promised that an American consul should be permitted to reside at Simoda, the Japanese did not object when a man-of-war landed them, and sailed away; but they placed the Consulate on the opposite side of the bay to that on which the town was situated, and then watched the Americans closely.” As we shall give a small picture of the harbour in our next number we reserve this to accompany it, and proceed to quote what may have a more exact bearing on our pictures; and the additional motive exists, of giving our friends a very in- teresting picture of the early days of treaty intercourse. “The new town of Simoda was being built when we were there. The ruins of a Japanese city are by no means imposing; wood, thatch, and a small rº’icum of bricks, constitute the materials generally employed in a country where à man may naturally expect to rebuild his house more than once in a lifetime. The spick-and-span new appearance of, whole streets told its own tale; and the appearance of a formidable stone-faced breakwater, erected some feet above high-water mark, and fully thirty feet high, cutting off the pretty vale in which the town was situated from the waters of Simoda Bay, showed in what direction the greatest danger was anticipated, and whence they had suffered most dur- ing the late dreadful visitation. “Yet there was nothing in the appearance of the good folk of Simoda to lead one to suppose they fretted much about earthquakes, rollers from the sea, or the Vries Wolcano. Every one looked as happy and free from care as any people could do. The men welcomed us with a good-natured smile, and the women, young or old, seemed as curious to look at us as we were to look at them. Everybody appeared well to do—not a beggar was visible; possibly the earthquake had swept them off. Having de- scribed Nagasaki and its bazaar so fully, it would be mere repetition to dwell upon the bazaar of Simoda, further than to say that the articles here produced for sale were superior, and decidedly much cheaper.” On page 7 is a general view of Simoda lying as it does at the foot of the hills, and shewing the breakwater, which it will be observed by the foreground is now considerably silted up, and looks like a time honoured beach. The temple (page 4) is not only an excellent specimen of its class, but is most beautifully situate. At the back may be seen a large Japanese burying ground, but at the sides, on slight elevations, remain to this day in perfect preservation, the graves of several Ame- ricans who died whilst the U. S. ships lay in the harbour, and of Russians killed in the convulsions that proved fatal to their ship. Before leaving this spot we may draw our readers’ attention to the excellent specimen of thatching exhibited in the roofs of the building. The illustration on page 1, is Little Fusi-yama—a hill at the back of Simoda, not actually so high as the hills imme- diately surrounding it, and yet from its peculiar position and shape, offering itself as a landmark for a long distance at sea- And now we must pay our visit to Rock Island. Oh, when will all the stuff we have brought down for it be safely stowed on native junks to bear them across to it? And when will we have the opportunity of going 2 The wind is blowing pretty stiff, but from the North, the best direction for our obtaining a landing. So we start at 1 P.M. in a good Japanese boat, and, favoured by the breeze, arrive in the cove at Rock Island, in less than an hour and a quarter. And what a scene? A barren rock 2 Yes, but far more than that. Although its prevalent colour is red, it is a huge cinder. There is not a blade of grass upon it; nothing but here and there a small tuft of a plant very similar to our houseleek. But how are we to describe the scene? Ours is by no means the only boat there; for all those laden in the morning have arrived—and are delivering their cargoes. But even in the cove, the wash of the water is so great that in the most favourable spot, where crowds of coolies, sent with the boats, are landing the goods, at one moment the boat is wellnigh on the rocks, the next yards away; and as we attempt to land, the opportunity has to be watehed, and a spring made at the exact momen or we stand a chance of a bath. It was no easy matter” land our little bag and baggage, so it may be imagined "* it is to land a cargo of heavy goods. This Island is “” rock, but of the wildest possible character. It is “P” ºf all others demanding a lighthouse, both on * of its own dangers and the numberless rocks and reefs that lie in its neighbourhood. Here there is not by natu" " single THE FAR EAST. AN II, I,USTRATED FORT NIGHTI, Y NEWSPAPER. [Wol. I, No. XIV. YOKOHAMA, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 16TH, 1870. [SINGLE Copy $1.00] PEN to conviction as the Japanese government may be, and fast as their prejudices are disappear- ing, there are yet many traces of old times and modes of thought sºld feeling, remaining to this day. Naturally it is so, and we should have less confidence in the changes for the better that have taken place were it otherwise. Had the nation, from ruler downwards, merely turned round like a weathercock to the new puff of wind the advent of foreign intercourse brought up with it, without rhyme or reason, there could not be any expectation of its remaining constant to the new order of things; and the very fact of a remarkable tenacity in some directions, which to us seem of but small importance but to them are evidently matters of great concern, presents the best assurance to us that the changes they have made have not been carelessly, or thoughtlessly yielded. A marked difference in the character of the Chinese and Japanese is exhibited in this:—that the former cling with a determined and unreasoning bigotry to their old lights; whilst the Japanese suffer themselves to be guided by the light of science, political as well as material, in all the more important affairs. Thus the Chinese after having Treaty relations with for- eigners for twenty eight years, and business transactions with them more or less, at all times, are as unwilling to-day to admit the superiority of foreign arts and sciences, as they ever were. War has taught them the tremendous power of our battle engines, and slowly they are making a commence- ment to have fighting ships on a foreign model, and forts mounted with guns and other implements of destruction on the modern principles. They have also a certain proportion of their troops drilled and instructed by foreigners; but all SIMoDA HARBour. 2 TELE IS" AIR, IELA-ST- º +* -* Illum their efforts are to learn of us only the best means of driving us out of the country, and to purchase of us the materials that seem best adapted to this end. Recent occurrences in the Flowery Land, will have the effect of opening the eyes of our home governments to the real state of feeling in China towards foreigners, and a com- parison will, naturally enough, be drawn between the Chinese and Japanese. Such a comparison must be all in favour of the latter, so far as present appearances go. But there is this fact to be observed by our home go- vernments:—that one of the old customs the Japanese cling to most tenaciously, is the privilege of the military and the official classes wearing two swords. An effort was made to get the fashion abolished, but it did not succeed, and we do not think the prejudice in favour of it will die out in this generation. So long as it exists, there is always an element of danger to foreigners in a large armed population, ready as ever to shed their blood and run any risk at the word of their chief. It would be therefore the height of imprudence to withdraw the foreign garrisons from Yokohama. Their presence here is not in the least objectionable to the Japa- nese government, and acts as a preventive of evil. The go- vernment is nominally, and we think really, strong; but sinister rumours are always afloat, that point to probable trouble between the government and some disaffected districts. These rumours may be ill-founded; we incline to the belief that there will be no disturbance; but it is well to be prepar- ed. The day on which foreign forces are removed from Ja- KAKISARI. Pan, if that day come before the two sworded element is abolished, will be the commencement of uncertainty to foreign residents. As it is, we exist here and in the other Treaty Ports without any apprehension; and so long as the Japanese are at peace among themselves, and we have foreign troops here to protect us in case of need, we shall continue so. But should the troops be withdrawn, it would be a strong tempta- tion for the anti-foreign party to rise against the government and once more demand our expulsion. There is both economy and safety in the present garrisons; and that not only to the countries whose troops are kept here, but to the Mikado of Japan, and the whole of his dominions. We sincerely hope, therefore, that the expectations of those who imagine that the English garrison will be reduced to too great an ex- tent will not be realized. And we do not think it would be wise to take the foreign troops from here to employ them in China. Jhe 3|lustrations. SIMODA. HARBOUR. IMODA harbour can only be called so by courtesy. It S certainly is a deep indentation of the coast, with. walls of hills on all sides but its outlet to the open sea; and, it has small coves into which junks can run and a few small islands, under the lee of which they might find shelter; but for ships of any size it is by no means a desirable anchorage, as since TIEEE IF A-Iº, E-A-ST- 3 the great convulsion of 1854, it has afforded but indifferent holding ground; and in certain winds the sea is only a few degrees less rolling than outside. But the place has a notoriety of its own, to which we barely alluded in our last number; and which we will now describe from Captain Sher- rard Osborne's narrative, as quoted from the account of the Captain of the Russian Frigate Diana :- “H. I. M. S. Diana in Sinoda Harbour, December 23, 1854,-Nine o'clock a.m. ; light w. S. W. wind ; bar. 29.27 ther, 7 deg. R. (57.75 deg. F.) weather clear and agreeable. - “At a quarter past nine, without any previous indication, the shock of an earthquake, which lasted two or three minutes, cºsing the vessel to shake very much, was felt both on deck and in the cabin. At ten & clock a large wave was observed entering the bay, and in a few minutes Simoda was inundated, houses and temples swept away, while the junks before the town, forced from their auchorage, were seen floating in every direc- tion, one knocking against another, cracking and, sinking. In less than five minutes after this, the water was seen, rising and bubbling, as if agitated by a thousand springs, carrying with it loam, straw, aud other materials, receding and then returning with tremendous force, and com- pleting the destruction of the town, boats, and junks. Our men were ordered to secure the guns and boats, and to shut the ports. , During, this short time the bay was covered with thatch and ruins, which had been carried away by the receding water. “At a quarter past ten the frigate was observed to drift, when the second anchor was immediately dropped. Notwithstanding this, how- ever, the water, returning with greater velocity than before, forced her a second time from her position. The whole town was now one vast scene of desolation; and out of about one thousand houses, only sixteen were standing. At this time a cloud of vapour was observed over the ruins, and the air was strongly impreguated with sulphurous acid. “The sudden rising and falling of the water in so narrow a bay gave rise to numerous whirlpools, which caused the frigate to swing round with such rapidity that all on board became giddy. At half past ten a junk was thrown against her so with much violence that it was smashed to pieces and sunk immediately. Ropes were thrown to the men to save them from drowning; but only two seized them, the rest, rushing into the cabin, chose rather to die tuan to violate the law of their country, which forbids them without perhuission to go on board a foreign vessel. “An old woman also, in a small boat, was drifted alongside. She was quite insensible, and her rescue was not effected without several men be- ing exposed to considerable hazard. But their exertions were success- ful ; she soon recovered, and is still living. “After the frigate had turned once more round, and approached with- in fifty fathoms of a rock, the whirling of the water became so violent that she was flung from one place to another, and in about thirty minutes turned no less than forty-three times round her anchor. During this time she was nearly smashed against a rocky island, but fortunately she just cleared it. At a quarter to eleven the third anchor was dropped, hut it had not the effect of keeping her stationary; and when the sea receded, it left her on her side in eight, feet of water. While in this position it was impossible to stand, and all endeavoured to crawl to the upper side, fearing the effect of the next rise of the water. This speedily took place, and with great rapidity and violence, forcing the º into the midst of the bay, and causing one of the guns to break loose, when it instantly killed one and wounded several others of the men. Another effect of this rush was manifest in the frigate's keel and rudder, which were now to be seen floating near her. The rising and falling of the water were very great, the depth varying from , less than eight to more than forty feet; and these changes, at intervals of about five minutes, continued till noon, when it was discovered that there were thirty inches of water in the hold. * At this time a perceptible diminution in the frequency and violence of the changes took place, and this #. was embraced, and every available effort made, to lessen the influx of water. But scarcely had half an hour elapsed, when, before these operations could have been com- pleted, the rising and falling of the water became more violent than before. “Between this time and a quarter past two, when the agitation again became much less, the frigate was left four times on her side; and once, while thus laid in only four feet of water, the upheaving of the ground was so violent as to force her past her anchors (the upper parts of which were visible) and back again to her former position. “Continuing to decrease in violence and frequency, by three P.M. the agitation of the water, and the motion of the vessel consequent thereon, were very slow. She now floated in twenty-five feet of water, but within her hold it was observed to be rising at the rate of thirty inches hour. At this time a fresh west wind was blowing; the bar, stood at 29.87, and the ther, was 10°.50 R. (about 55°.63 F.) The bay was covered with ruins, on which men were seen walking; and at four P.M. we began to disentangle the anchors, the chains of which were so twisted that four hours were required to clear one of them. “During the ensuing nig it a fresh S. W. wind blew, and the pumps were working twice an hour, “We had now to obtain the consent of the authorities to our seeking a bay in which to repair the frigate, Simoda not being well adapted for this purpose. After some delay this was granted, and a suitable place was soon selected. Some necessary repairs having previously been made, we weighed anchor on the 13th January, and with a light wind left for the appointed place. The wind soon failed us, we were left drifting towards the breakers, and our position became one of imminent danger. But ere long a gale arose, and after approaching near- er the shore, all hope being abandoned, twenty fathoms were called out, and the anchor dropped. “On the 15th and 16th there was less wind, but the water in the frigate rose to such a height that grave fears were entertained as to the ssibility of saving her. The Japanese authorities sent a hundred junks to tow her to the bay, and on the 17th all hands were landed. This was not done without great difficulty (on account of the dangerous surf), which was particularly the case with the sick, who, wrapped in sails, had to be dragged through it. Next day (18th) the junks took her in tow; not a single man was on board, and the water already half filled the gun-deck. After proceeding a few miles, a small white cloud ap- peared; on perceiving which, the Japanese, panic-stricken, cut their ropes and fled. This appeared strange to us, but a storm speedily justi- fied the fears they had manifested. Had they delayed much longer, they would have been in great danger, and not improbably might have shared the fate of the frigate, which forthwith sank.” Such was the fate of the gallant frigate. Her crew and officers, I regret to say, were subsequently captured by the Allies, and treated as prisoners of war. KAKISAKI. HE village opposite to Simoda, is called by this name, tho literal meaning of which is Oyster point. It is a good mile from the town of Simoda, and it is here that is situate the temple in which Mr. Harris, the first American minister to Japan, resided; although it is always."ooken of by foreigners as Simoda. It is extremely picturesque, . hich way you will; and except the little patch on which the village abuts on the shore, there is not a level piece of ground near it large enough for a croquet lawn. Although, nowadays, foreig- ners but rarely visit it, we could not help remarking a kind of pleasure in the expression with which we were welcomed as we passed through the village; as if the natives, all of whom were of the humbler classes, remembered the days when Mr. Harris and his friend and interpreter, the ill-fated Mr. Heuskin, dwelt among them. The priest at the temple brought out a “Daguerreotype” portrait of himself, done by a Russian officer. He was very little altered from what he was at the time it was taken. It was well for foreignintercourse with Japan, that such aman as Mr. Harris washere atthetime when the French and English successes in China provided a powerful argument for opening this country quietly, without being forced to do it; as he repre- sented the Tycoon would be, by the same means as had been adopted at Pekin. Had he been content to rest where he was, inertly, without attempting to shew the Japanese their danger, we might never have got further than he had already done. But he saw the advantages of opening Japan to commerce, and the necessity of obtaining another and a better port for carry- ing on that commerce than Simoda. At this port it would have been simply impossible to have made any valuable trade. It is, as we have said, on an inhospitable harbour, and the background of hills so hems it in, as to offer every obstruction to an inland business; besides being nearly at the extremity of a long spur or promontory which cuts it off more effectually from the interior. *|| Milllllllllllllllllllllllllll . º TELE IF A-1ER. H.A.ST. 7 the projectiles just filled. It is supposed that one of these was accidentally dropped, and was fired by the percussion. It may however have been that, after the careless fashion of the Japanese workmen, one of them lit his pipe carelessly, and a spark was communicated to the powder. At all events, a loud explosion was heard all over Yedo, followed by a num- ber of isolated reports, each like a distant volley. At first it was thought +hat an attack had been made on the castle : and the Mikado himself, whose quarters were at no great distance from the spot, had his horse brought round, and moved to a palace nearly a mile from his usual re- sidence. It turned out to be what we have stated. The roof of the building was blown off, and two men who were inside were blown to atoms. The other two were outside, and although one was somewhat injured, the other escaped scot-free. It was thought that the officers who lent the godown for so dangerous a purpose, would be punished, but we have not heard whether they were so. HE Japanese officials of Yokohama have erected some of the lamp- posts, imported for the foreign settlement, in the native town. A rebuke to foreigners for not undertaking to supply the means of lighting. E. the Belgian Minister, M. tº Kint de Roedenbeck had an au- dience of His Majesty the Mikado on the 1st inst. N the 2nd inst., a Concert was given at the Club Germania, in aid of funds for Germans wounded in the war. It was fully attended, and the performance was excellent. A choir, consisting of men from the North German Ships Hertha and Medusa now in harbour, sang three quartetts with great effect, particularly one with which the concert opened “Die Wacht am Rhein.” Messrs. Ohl and Jaudon also contri- buted vastly to the pleasure of the audience by singing both soloes and a duett—the former giving a tenor song, with violin obligato by Kalli. wuda, which was extremely beautiful. But the greatest enthusiasm was created by Mr. Richard Lindau, who being encored in a song composed and sung by himself, substituted a German patriotic song for it. This roused his countrymen to the highest pitch, and nothing would satisfy them until he sang them yet a third and they seemed inclined even to THE BUTCHEREEs, Homoco. call upon him again; such is the power of national winstrelsy. The in- strumental music was confined to the Pianoforte, but gave the most genuine satisfaction. The Concerts at the German Club are always de- lightful : and this was well worthy of the performers, and the cause for which it was given. ON: of the excitements of the fortnight has been an action brought by one of the legal luminaries of our Little Peddlington, against Mr. W. G. Howell, the Editor of the Japan Mail. An article had appeared in the issue of that paper of the 3rd inst., entitled “ Lawyer's fees in Yo- kohama"—not only animadverting on the excessive charges made, but the inferior quality of the article supplied, by the representatives of the “Devil's own” in this settlement. Mr. Ross Johnson, conceiving that the remarks were pointed at him, as he declares that he is “ the only barrister practising in Yokohama,” brought an action against Mr. Howell, who in defence declared that in writing the article he had not thought of Mr. Ross Johnson, and further that that gentleman was not the only barrister here. Mr. Ross Johnson allowed himself an unusual amount of license, even for Yokohama, in his address to the Court, and made observations, evidently intended to allude to the éditors of our contem- poraries the Japan. Herald and the Japan Mail, which confirmed the public in their already freely pronounced opinion as to the school in which he matriculated, and the vocabulary from whence he draws his language ; and Mr. Howell in his undisguised plain spokenness, told Mr. Ross Johnson that he was a disgrace to his gown. However the Court gave its decision in favour of the editor, and against the barrister, much to the satisfaction of all who had witnessed the demeanour of the latter in the conduct of the case. Since the decision was made public, Mr. Howell has received a letter from Mr. Marks, another of our lawyers, calling for an apology of such a character as shall satisfy him, for the renarks in the article, which he deems applied to him. By order of the editor, the business manager of the newspaper, Mr. Prince, acknowledged receipt of Mr. Marks' letter, stating that no further notice woll be taken of it. The editor, however, had the letter and the reply inserted in the ‘Daily Advertiser;" as he said, in order that Mr. Marks should not be able to fight shy of going on E. TELE. IF.A.I.E, IE.A.ST. with his proceedings, as he had done on a previous occasion. We have not heard whether Mr. Marks is putting his threat in execution, but our readers will see that it is a “very pretty quarrel as it stands.” Th; Amateur Dramatic Corps has opened the season and the new Theatre with a first rate performance of the Burlesque “Aladdin, or the wonderful Scamp" and the farce “Little Toddlekins.” The house which has been specially built for and leased to them on very favourable terms, is thoroughly commodious for its purposes, and its acoustic quali- ties are good. The stage is sufficiently large for anything likely to be presented by the corps, and the scenery and properties are abundant and excellent in quality. The Amateurs themselves are mostly our old friends of whom we have had so frequently to speakfavourably;-and the spirit and success of their opening night augurs well for their retention of the hold they already have of the public approval. We cannot under- take in this little sheet to give a detailed account of the performances. But we may state generally that the acting was good in both pieces, and that the additions to the “lady” strength of the corps are such as will be valuable. In “Little Toddlekins,” the part of Miss Babicombe and Amantha were exceedingly well taken, and the “make up "in both cases better than the average. In the burlesque, Miss Burgess, was lovely as ever, but we regret to hear that there is a probability of her being lost to the corps ere long. The other old favourites, Mrs. Bantam, Miss Coventry, Messrs. Newcome, Keith, Brani, Warrington and Fredericks were in full force ; besides two or three new members, likely to be use- ful, and earn the applause of the public in their turn, The costumes, not all correct, were superb in all those characters that require such splen- dour—and the others were, if less pretentious, at least effective. No ex- pense, and no effort had been spared by all concerned ; and thus the re- sult was well earned. The Band of H.M. 1st Batt. 10th Regiment play- ed during the intervals; but the music incidental to the Burlesque was accompanied on a good Collard & Collard piano, in a manner superior to anything of the kind we have beeu used to at these performances. At the conclusion of the burlesque, all present declared that they had spent a most delightful evening. RISUGAWA Mia, Minister of war, recently paid a visit to Yokohama; and took the opportunity of going everywhere and seeing every- thing he could. He even visited the Butcheries at Homoco ; and dined quite privately at the International Hotel. REIGNERS have yet to take care of themselves, when out for exercise. On Sunday evening, the 3rd inst., Mr. Schinne, a Prussian gentleman was returning from a ride on the Tokaido, when a Japanese rushed forward and made a thrust at him with a sword. Fortunately his thick winter garments prevented any injury, and on Mr. Schinne turning his horse's head to the fellow, he made off as fast as he could. It was too dark to follow the would-be assassin with any chance of find- ing him ; and besides Mr. Schinne being totally unarmed it would have been madness to have sought further danger. He therefore rode into the settlement without delay, and reported the circumstance to the North German authorities. There is not the slightest chance of the cul- prit being caught. N accident, which caused a great deal of regret throughout the settle. ment, happened on the 7th inst., in the upsetting of a boat; by which Commander Brooks of H. M. S. Ringdove, Paymaster Bowles of H. M. S. Manila and J. Walsh, a seaman, lost their lives. The two for- mer were bound to the Kanagawa side, on a shooting excursion, and took the gig with four men. They were sailing swiftly, but when about two miles from the shore, a sudden squall took the boat and upset her. By the advice of Commander Brooks, all clung on to the boat; but from the roughness of the sea, they did so with great difficulty. Com- mander Brooks was washed off three times, but by the help of the others he managed to regain it. At length, however, weighed down by his heavy clothes and benumbed by the cold, he sank to rise no more. The seaman, Walsh, shortly followed him, and then Mr. Bowles. The remain- ing three, believing it to be their only chance, then with the aid of the oars made an effort to reach the shore, which they succeeded in doing. The body of J. Walsh, was found the next day—but up to this time neither that of Commander Brooks or Mr. Bowles has been recovered. Commander Brooks had seen a great deal of service in China and Japan, and was universally beloved by his officers and crew. He was a stout swimmer, and is said to have a medal from the Royal Humane Society for saving life. CHURCH MEETING. A MEETING of British residents convened by H. B. M's. Acting Consul, Mr. Robertson, for the purpose of considering the proposed extension of the English Episcopal Church, was held in the British Consulate, on Tuesday morning at 11 o'clock. Mr. Robertson took the chair; and having stated the object of the meeting, called on the Rev. Mr. Bailey, to give such information as was requisite. The Rev. M. B. BAILEY stated that it was proposed, in accordance with plans produced, to obtain increased church accommodation by means of a side aisle; which in addition to 100 new sittings would provide room for the new organ and a vestry. The Chairman read the specification as sent in by Mr. Bridgens, by which the work was to be done for $2,165 within 70 fair days. Mr. Shand said that he had a sum of money placed in his hands by a gentleman for investment, which he would be happy to let the Church Trustees have at once, on terms to be agreed upon. Another plan had been suggested by Sir Harry Parkes, which was, that ten members of the community should lend $200 each at a nominal rate of interest and His Excellency had offered to be one of the lenders to that extent. Mr. W. H. SMITH proposed “That on the statement of the Trustees, increased church accommoda- tion be provided.” Mr. MARSHALL seconded ; and the motion was carried unanimously. - Mr. McWEAN, being called upon by the chairman at the request of Mr. Bailey, to state his opinion respecting the condition of the present building, said that he had looked over it with Mr. Bridgens, and found it perfectly sound; and that the proposed addition would augment its stability. Mr. W. H. SMITH doubted whether all that was in the specification could be done for the money. He thought that a railing estimated a $280 had better be dispensed with as yet ; and proposed “That $2,000 be raised, to be applied to the Church such sum to bear interest at the rate of 12 per cºnti, of the church to be handed to Mr. Shand as security. Mr. Shand thought the proper way would be to make the repayment of the loan extend over say four years, and be a first charge on the pew rents. - Mr. Mollison seconded Mr. Smith's proposition which wº passed nem, con: ; but it was understood that as to the securiº ty, and terms of loan, the Trustees had better not be bound. but should be authorised to make the best conditions they could. - There being no further business before the meet”8, a vote of thanks to the chairman, it dispersed. improvement; The title deeds with - - - R. ANGLIN Printed and published for the proprietor, by JAMºº - - .."...", fººtrºng' offee, No. 87, * Street Yokohama. : ! THE FAR EAST. AN II, I,USTRATKO FORT NIGHTI, Y NEWSPAPER. [Vol. I, No. XV. YOKOHAMA, THURSDAY, JANUARY 5TH, 1871. [SINGLE CoPY $1.00] } EACE on earth, good will towards men. The sea- ! son brings with it the old message—but where is the fact The world to day can hardly hear of peace. There is an uneasiness pervading both east and west that seems to have no possibility of re- moval except by conflict. France and Prussia already count their slain by myriads, yet they know not how to stop ; and Russia not appalled by the terrible character of modern war- fare as carried on with arms she has not yet tried in the field, thirsts to render hecatombs of her own and other nations’ children to destruction. Even in America, whose heart we thoroughly believe to be sound, there continues to be unwhole- some rumblings which show that some turbulent spirits would be glad to see the old and deep-seated animosity they bear to England blossom in war. It is a gloomy picture for this cheery time of the year, and has taken the zest off of many a Christmas gathering. From the very moment that war was declared between France and Prussia, the baneful effects were felt throughout the whole world in the disturbance of commerce ; and if the demon spreads, and England is by any means drawn in, none can foresee the extent of the calamity. Yet, come what may, every Englishman must be gratified by the firm and decisive position taken by his government; and we must hope that should the din of war resound from arsenals as yet silent, the penalty will be paid by those who provoke it. But the infection appears to spread to the East. China fancies herself in full condition to challenge the power of her old conquerors; and Japan is said to have an itching to show to the Coreans the rapid stride she has made in the fight- ing trade. As usual, we suppose, China thinks her generals and other officers can learn as much as they want to know, and obtain all the experience they require, in their own celes- tial land. The Japanese on the other hand, are faithful to their character; and, acknowledging their inexperience, send officer after officer to the seat of war in France, to observe the tactics of the belligerents, and obtain lessons, to be applied, no doubt, on the earliest opportunity, either in Japan itself or wherever a foe can be found to fight them. THE EASTERN BLUFF, YokohamA. TELIE EP A-IR IBE ALST- 3 unlikely that their wish will be gratified. Officers may go to Europe to see the great doings there. Surely when they come back they will tell their masters something of the hor- rors of civilized warfare, as well as of the splendours of success; horrors that attend the victor to nearly as great an extent as the vanquished. Peace on earth ! The events of the few months that have elapsed since the declaration of war between France and Prussia, have done much to weaken national friendship in several quarters. Even now, as we think over the war that has occupied the world's attention so long, and imagine that a climax may have been reached which has put a stop to belligerency between the two combatants, we fear lest it may not be followed by civil disturbance in France, which whilst it lasts may do as much evil as the Prussian armies. Sincere- ly do we hope that evil may be averted. And no less do we desire tranquility for Japan. At present all seems going well; and there is no reason why it should not continue to do so. The next ten years ought to see an enormous stride in the country, if only peace, internal and external, can be preserved. Our readers will be surprised to hear that in Yedo not less than 3,000 students are learning the English language, in Government and other native schools, besides those who study it privately. Already, in positions of high trust and responsibility, those men are selected who shew advanced acquaintance with the outer world; and it is as thoroughly understood now, on all sides, that the ' is in a state of pupilage, as before it was believed be too perfect for improvement. A nis season, so joyous to foreigners, and so closely con- nected with the best interests of mankind, we desire to see no warfare waged here except against prejudice and ignorance. These two giants removed, the Japanese will be in a position to step side by side with foreigners not only in the great march of civilization, but in the army of the Prince of Peace. That will be a happy day for Japan; but until it comes, they will do well to do their part to cultivate not the evils of war and discord, but the blessings of peace on earth and goodwill among men. (Jhe 3|lustrationſ, KANAGAWA. T is now eleven years and a half since the treaties of Mr. Harris the United States Minister, Lord Elgin, H. B. M. representative, and Baron Gros on behalf of France, bore fruit in the opening of Kanagawa. Previously to that, the Dutch and Chinese had, for a period extending over two centuries, exercised a very limited though at one time a highly remune- rative privilege of trade at Nagasaki; and in 1857 Simoda and Hakodadi were opened by treaty to the Dutch. Simoda had, by Commodore Perry's treaty of 1854, been already ap- propriated as a residence for an American Consul; and here Mr. Harris as Consul General, resided patiently for three years, before he saw and seized the opportunity of making a better arrangement, and set on foot those efforts which re- sulted in securing for America the first commercial treaty with Japan. His success paved the way for subsequent foreign diplomatists; and on the 1st July 1859, the American and English Ministers landed formally and officially at a port all prepared for foreign trade—but bearing the name of Yokoha- ma, instead of that named in the Treaties, Kanagawa. It had been a mere isolated fishing village of most meagre preten- sions—built on a small patch of hard ground bounded on one side by the sea, at the back by a swamp, and on either side by the creek-like embouchures of a modest stream that flows down from the hills at a distance of some ten miles inland. A canal had been cut through the swamp at the back, uniting these two streams, and thus the place was a low island, evi- dently intended to enclose foreigners, as the Dutch had been hemmed in at Decima, Nagasaki. Messrs. Alcock and Harris, although they saw the great expense the government had been to in preparing this place for foreigners, at once protested against its being accepted as a fulfilment of the treaties. It was a good three miles from Kanagawa, to which it was united by a viaduct that had been made over a swamp about a mile in length, with bridges over two rivers, one of which was of considerable breadth. Kanagawa was looked upon by the American and British Ministers as the port of Yedo; and as the Tokaido, the high road that runs from Yedo to Osaka and Kioto, ran through it, they deemed it of the first importance to keep to the letter of treaties, and obtain a location for their nationali- ties at Kanagawa itself. The Japanese declared that they literally fulfilled the treaty, as the whole district was Kana- gawa; and an immense amount of diplomacy was expended on both sides—on the part of the Japanese to keep us to Yokohama, and on the part of the foreign representatives to secure Kanagawa—until at length, when the Japanese gave way, and appropriated land at Kanagawa where foreigners might locate themselves, the merchants had so settled to the collar in Yokohama, that not one of them would leave it. The Consuls were established at Kanagawa, but merchants did not follow them; and it was soon e vident that whatever may have been the idea under which the Japanese selected Yokohama, it was a most excellent choice, as it has a deep and thoroughly good anchorage; whilst the water is so shallow at Kanagawa, that no laden fore ign ship could get within two or three miles of it, at the least. Kanagawa then soon ceased to be the residence of any foreigners, but continued as it had been for generations a long town built on the sea shore, with one single road, the Tokaido, running through it; and almost every other house a large hotel for the reception of the long trains of princes, or others travelling to and from Yedo. It lies exactly opposite to Yokohama, the two occupying the sides of a bay, the apex of which is bounded by the viaduct beforementioned. The amount of business done in Kanagawa formerly, must have been considerable, judging by the size of many of the waterside godowns and the shops. The traffic through it was prodigious ; and as it is just a day's stage from Yedo, almost all princes with retinues made it their first night's rest- ing-place on leaving Yedo, their last on approaching the capi- tal. Since the daimios have been more free, and their resid- ence in Yedo for six months in every year has not been en- forced, a great falling off has taken place in this class of traf. fic ; and the decrease has been still greater since the few nobles who do pass backwards and forwards, travel with only a limited number of attendants in place of the large armed •w.wwe.waerwyr "…L.Sº THC ºcºrrº， №r-Er-L º bands that used to accompany them. Still the traffic is very large ; and although Yokohama has taken much of its old trade, the old town profits by the great number of persons always passing between Yokohama and Yedo. The fact of Kanagawa being the first real trading port actually opened to foreigners, will always preserve for it a certain interest; especially as to this day in official documents its name is preserved—the Japanese government offices in Yokohama being always mentioned as appertaining to Ka- nagawa. In itself there is nothing attractive about the place. At this time the works connected with the railway between Yedo and Yokohama are being pushed on vigorously, and the hills at the back are being cut away bodily to make the causeway between Kanagawa and Yokohama, for the trains to pass over. THE MASONIC HALL, YOKOHAMA. 8 a large quantity of space is in this issue devoted to an ac- count of the Masonic banquet on St. John’sday, we give a photograph of the Masonic Hall. It is the only building that we are acquainted with in Japan, that is built solidly of stone, instead of, as most are, a framework with a mere outward shell of stone. It has withstood all the severe shocks of earthquake experienced in 1870, without a crack of any kind, either in external stone or interior plaster. Mr. Whitfield, of the firm of Whitfield and Dowson, Civil Engineers and Architects, designed it; and his opinion that well built houses may be constructed of stone, to resist earthquakes as effectually as the ordinary wooden framed houses, seems thus confirmed. THE EASTERN BLUFF. NLY three years ago the bluff land bounding Yokohama was for the most part wild, with only here and there a patch of cultivation. Very early after the residence or foreigners here was an accomplished fact, there was a disposi- tion on the part of the Japanese government to appropriate it to the use of foreigners on very easy terms; but somehow the two parties did not quite agree; so nothing was done, and it was not until 1867 that the first land sale took place. Since then houses have been built by foreigners, and the ground has been covered with a rapidity, and to an extent, that is surprising. The view on page 1 of our present issue, is taken from a lot appropriated for a British Naval Hospital, and shews some of the private residences, and far away, the general's quarters on the Bluff, and at its foot the P. M. S. S. Company's premises and wharf; Yokohama itself being hid- den by the point. The shipping in the harbour and the Kanagawa shore are faintly seen in the distance. HOMOCO BEACH. IN these days of Rifle matches and volunteering, a place of any pretentions without a rifle range—good, bad or in- different, would be all behind the times. We have already given, in one of our former numbers, a view of the rifle-range —but before the government made us a present of that, the spot depicted on page 2 was used by our riflemen for practice and for competition. A space marked on the white cliff was the target, and the range was from just the other side of the boat TIETE IB" Arº II, A.S.T. that forms the foreground of the picture. The headland forms on the other side the extremity of Mississippi Bay; and of old there was a guard house, from whence could be seen every vessel that entered the gulf of Yedo. Of what use it was is very problematical, but it was beautifully placed, and had undu- lating ground about it that would have formed a fine site for a gentleman's residence. THE RUINED GUARD HOUSE. seen on page 7, with the fishing village of Homoco in the distance. Is ST. JOHN’S DAY. The great Masonic festival was celebrated on the 27th ult, by the fraternity in Yokohama assembling in the Yokohama Lodge, at the Masonic Hall, at 6 P.M., to hear an address on the nature and objects of Masonry. Comparatively few of the brethrenknew that such an address was to be given, but imagined that the opening of the Lodge was simply for the purpose of Joining formally in the gathering, preparatory to the banquet which was announced for 8 o'clock, in the International Hotel. Many, there fore, went to the Hotel direct, and missed a very excellent and interesting lecture. However the Lodge was quite full, and the brother who delivered the address had a good and attentive audience. An adjournment from the Masonic Hall to the Interna- tional Hotel followed, and at the latter place, at “8 o'clock sharp," nearly 80 brethren sat down to a most excellent dinner. It is no small praise to Brothers Curtis and Whymark, the proprietors of the hotel, to say that for this large number, the preparations were perfect. There was neither crowding of the guests at the tables, nor of the servants in waiting. The attendance was good, and the dishes, from first to last, were served hot, and with all the accompaniments. The president was the W. M. of the Yokohama Lodge, as the senior of the two local Lodges—Brother Rains. But with extellent taste and good feeling, at his side sat Brother Mitchell, the W. M. of the Otentosama Lodge, and they divided the proposal of toasts that fall to the W. M. between them. The usual Masonic toasts were given, and responded to with fervour; and after each, the Band of H. M. 1/10th Regt., which had performed during the dinner, played short and appropriate strains. Many of the toasts were followed additionally by vocal music; in which Brothers Wernede, Crane, Furniss, Dowson, Drummond-Hay, R. Brown and Black took part. The Worshipful Masters, Brothers Rains and Mitchell, were exceedingly judicious in the manner in which they pro the numerous toasts falling to them, expressing themselves tersely and to the point, and each returning thanks for his health being drank, in a few pithy but well chosen senten". Brother Rothmund in returning thanks for the offic” of the Otentosama Lodge, remarked on the gratiº aspect presented by this banquet, at which there were certainly more than a tenth part of the community, and yet there were very many brothers who had not been able to attend. Most of the speeches alluded to the pleasant manner in which the local Lodges worked together—several brethren belonging to both; TETE IET_A_LE, IE_A_ST_ dispersed, there was not one but could say that as they had been happy to meet, they were sorry to part, and would look forward to next St. John's Day when they might hope it as happily to ment again. Çhe period. HE loan contracted for the government by Mr. Lay in the London Stock Exchange, has been returned, and arrangements are being made to borrow a much larger sum, which there is no doubt of their be- ing able to do, on much more favourable terms. CONCERT made under the patronage of Madame Outrey and Ad- miral Dupré is to take place at the Gaiety Theatre on the 5th inst., for the benefit of French wounded in the war. Several ladies have con- sented to join in the programme. Y the last American mail, Mr. Ito, one of the Japanese Min'sters of Finance, left for America and Europe, on business connected with his department. Several merchants accompany him, at the Government expense. RDERS have been received by Mr. Morel to push on the railway works with all despatch. B. M's Secretary, Mr. Adams, is on a visit to one of the Southern Princes. We believe to Ooajima—Daté, one of the most able and practical of the Mikado's ministers. OR the past month Small-pox has been raging among us to an extent never before known. In Japanese town, in all the outlying sub- urbs, in Yedo, in the country villages, it is equally prevalent; and the foreign hospitals, civil and military, have all been full of patients. There are 32 patients in the civil hospitals, exclusive of the others: and al- though the per centage of mortality has not been so great as in former years, it has been considerable. There has been a perfect rush for vac- cination ; and in the English Barracks, every man, woman and child was subjected to this preventive operation. HE Paper Hunt season has fairly commenced, and some good runs have taken place. Some of the more active sportsmen have turned out regular “blazers” in red coats and the et carteras ; to the wonder of the plain folk, though no doubt immensely to the admiration of them- selves. IG8—by the prophet, pigs The Japanese have had a pig fever. It came like an epidemic—quietly and without warning. The vic- tims paid unheard of prices for all the curly tailed pigs they could buy; set an immense number of foreigners on the “lay ” of ordering wonder- ful quantities of pigs from all quarters of the globe; and when the orders were gone, the fever subsided. Pigs will arrive by hundreds— and the Japanese, if they purchase at all, will have them at their own price. The report is that they are going to feed their troops on flesh; and to begin with Pork. We wonder whether they have thought of planting orchards of apples for sauce. HE Japanese report that the Mikado is very uneasy in Yedo, and pines for the retirement of Kioto, whither there is a probability of his return ere long. O Fold, the time of our settlement used to be fixed for us every Satur- day by one of the English men-of-war in harbour firing a gun at noon. This has been for some time discontinued, and of late no two clocks -: or watches in Yokohama have agreed. The P. & O. Co.'s Agent, Mr. Dal. *ell, taking pity upon us, has arranged that a gun shall be fired at noon on Saturdays from the P. & O. Co's hulk Tiptree. Only those who "know the inconvenience we have suffered, can appreciate the boon M. Dalzell confers on the community. A* extensive fire broke on the morning of Tuesday the 3rd instant, at about half past four o'clock A.M., in a tea-hose in Ootamachi, and was not extinguished until 126 houses had been destroyed. Of these 31 in Benten-dori and 25 in Ootamachi, belonged to the better class of merchants and shop-keepers, and 70 were smaller houses situate in the back streets. By nine o'clock the same morning, the ground on which many houses destroyed had stood were boarded in, and little shanties run up for the owners and their families to find shelter in. The exact origin of the fire we have not learnt. HE schooner Success, Captain Kirby, arrived on Monday from Kobº, having made one of the quickest passages on record, 42 hours from Kobé anchorage to the entrance to the gulf. On Sunday, about 30 miles from land, a Japanese boat was seen just awash, and though no person or signals could be discovered, Captain Kirby lay to, and sent off to er amine. It turned out to be a fishing boat, which had sunk to the gun- wale ; three men on board were drowned—quite dead, but one boy seem- ed to breathe. Capt Kirby had him taken on board, and efforts were made to restore animation. After much perseverance, the poor lad began to recover, and as consciousness returned his surprise was great to find where he was. He said he was the son of the owner of the boat, who was one of those they must have seen dead. He was brought up to Yokohama : and the Japanese authorities communicated with. A good deed is its own reward. Any master of a ship who saved life under such circumstances would be commendable—for there was nothing to lead to the supposition that any living being was on the sunken boat. But when a vessel was flying a long—“making a passage"—and stops on such an apparently hopeless chance—the captain stamps himself as a man of humanity and feeling beyond the average. Captain Kirby is well known among us. This act of his will not diminish his popularity. OCK Island Lighthouse is now completed, and according to promise, the lights shone from its lantern on the 1st instant. We mention- ed that a distinguished party accompanied Mr. Brunton in the Thabor to inaugurate the event. The weather was unfavouraºle for the landing on the Island ; but it was effected—although they had to be pulled in an open boat from Simoda—a distance of six miles. This little trip will give the Japanese Ministers who were of the party, some idea of the na' ture of the works Mr. Brunton and his staff have to carry out. They will also be able to take credit to their country for so spiritedly and efficiently supplying this great boon to commerce-in lighting up their very dangerous coast, with a number of first rate lights. FIRE broke out a little after 12 (noon) to-day at No. 50, the re- sidence of Mr. Thorel. It being quickly discovered and plenty ºf buckets of water being at hand, it was got out before any great damag” was done—but it was a very narrow escape. A D W E R T IS E MENT, we have brought this number of the “Far East,” out on the 5th instead of the 1st of the month, as we were desirous that our composito” should enjoy as much of the holidays as possible. The next number will be on its own day, the 19* inst., and consists of V I E W S IN Y E D O. by JAMES...R.A.Nº. Printed and published for the proprietor, office, Mo. 87, Main Street at the “JAPAN GAzETTE ". Printing Yokohama. THE FAR EAST. AN II, I, USTRA'ſ KO FORT NIGHTI, Y NEWSPAPER. [Vol. I, No. XVI. YOKOHAMA, MONDAY, JANUARY 17th, 1871. [SINGLE Copy $1.00] § UAINT and queer as all things appear to be, both in China and Japan, when a foreigner first lands upon their shores, there is a great deal that is very attractive among the people in each. In Australia, and we should suppose in California, the Chinese are seen to the greatest disadvantage ; for, with the exception of a few shopkeepers and merchants, the bulk of them live in communities by themselves; work quietly by themselves, and keep themselves very much to themselves. They would hardly be heard of were it not that occasionally the jealousy of the other diggers or labourers is aroused by them ; and then rows take place in which the poor celestials take all the blows, but rarely retaliate. In Singapore, they are very dif- forent. There a fellow comes smiling into your room to ob- tain an order for whatever is his specialty, with the assurance and confidence of a full blown Britisher; and what is more, he claims to be a subject of the Queen, and rejoices in all the freedom and privileges thus secured to him. In Hongkong, he is of a different stamp. As a trader he evidences a very keen order of mercantile developement with a great spirit of enterprise. Generally good humoured, but too full of occupa- tion to pay much attention to anything or anybody except in the way of business. With a language of his own, which he calls English, he is off-hand in his habits and expressions to a degree very amusing to a new-comer. As a servant too, he is an object of curiosity and pleasure from his cleanly appear- ance, his celerity and natural aptitude for his duties, and the callous imperturbability of his demeanour. In Shanghai, he is not quite so attractive. There is more independence; more pronounced business habits; less apti- tude for accommodating himself to a foreigner's whims, and of course a less agreeable tout ensemble. ENTRANCE To THE RIVER SUMIDA, YEDo. www.x oowry xowa ‘ouax ”JLSVEBI ™I-vrae taet， L. TIETIE TE". ALTE, IE_A_ST- 7 THE FIRST Houses on THE FoREIGN SETTLEMENT, YEdo. tions, and the boundaries of the allotments well marked. On the 2nd June 1870, the sale of the land to foreigners took place, when for the first time in our experience a Japanese officiated as the Auctioneer. The sale consisted of 52 lots— the upset price was six boos = $1.50, a tsubo of 36 square feet, subject to an annual rent of 13 boos a tsubo. The aver- age price paid was a little over 7 boos a tsubo; and the total quantity sold was about 13,337 tsubos. But besides this plot specially cleared and laid out for us, foreigners have the right to rent Japanese houses in the district of Tsukidji, and several merchants, store-keepers and others have done so. The Japanese built a large hotel, also, adjoining the settle- ment, capable of receiving 100 guests or more; but under native management, nominally aided by a foreigner, it failed, and has recently been sold to another Japanese, who has begun far more prudently than his predecessors; but whether it can ever be made to pay is a problem yet to be solved. There is another hotel kept by a Frenchman in the native portion of Tsukidji; and this being a less expensive establishment to keep up, may possibly do better than its mighty neighbour. Although the city of Yedo has been now open to foreigners for two years, there are very few mercan- tile houses established there, and several who opened business in the settlement have closed again. Still there must have been good business done by some, and if the government would do away with a shortsighted monopoly system they have sanctioned, it would give all, foreigners and natives, a good chance. For two years no ill has resulted to foreigners walking un- attended through Yedo. But only yesterday an attack was made by a ruffian on two gentlemen. Our home friends must not suppose we are in any exceptional danger in that capital; for as a rule we consider that the streets of Yedo are as safe as those of London. (The period. N the 5th instant, a Concert took place at the Gaiety. Theatre, under the patronage of Madame Outrey, (wife of H. E. the French Minister), and Admiral Dupré, the French Naval commander in chief in China and Japan; for the benefit of the French wounded. It was unpleasantly cut short in the middle, by an alarm of fire; and it being found that the Commercial Hotel, a building only about a huudred and fifty yards from the Theatre was burning, the audience quietly left, and the Concert came to an end, just as the second part of the programme was about to com- In enco. The portion already performed had been very successful, the selection being good, and the execution such as to evoke loud applanse. Madame Outrey herself accompanied the opening quartette, and two ladies assist- ed in the vocal music, singing Mendelsohn's beautiful two part song “I would that my love.” A duet for Violin and Pianoforte, and another for flute and Piano were well worthy of the applause they received, and the song “None ver” was very pleasingly sung by M. Jaudon. The best of all. however, was the last piece played, Guonod’s “Meditation on Bach's prelude” arranged as a quartette, and performed by Mr. Herrell on the violin, M. Dubeux violoncello, Mr. Pearson on the Harmonium, and a lady on the pianoforte. This was a fitting termination to a most enjoyable entertainment, and had the patroness and her assistants thought º 2 T-BIE rºla -º, º a Sºº- A FIRE ToweR. YEdo. - much certainly cannot be said for the Japanese. With them almost every one we meet gives evidence of having suffered from the disease. Very few indeed are entirely unmarked. The Japanese themselves say that it is one of the diseases of children, and that all children have it, and once through it never take it again. The consequence is that generally speak- ing the adult population are wonderfully indifferent to it, and move about in houses where it is, and allow the sick as well as the attendants on the sick to move freely among them. In- stead of keeping juvenile sufferers in bed, the mothers, sis- ters, or nurses commonly take them on their backs in the nice snug warm way in which they usually carry their infants, and carry them out into the crowded thoroughfares. The children so carried wear a kind of red cap or cloth round their head, which tells, even when the face is not seen that the child is diseased. But the people have no fear. Every house that is infected has a piece of red paper hung up above the entrance, so that those who are tin.id may avoid it. But very few who have any business with the proprietors, or otherwise wish to see them, pay any heed to this warning; so there is no difficulty in accounting for the spread of infection. As to destroying the clothes worn by an infected person, they would not dream of it, although they might give a little extra care to the washing. Being then without any palliative or preventive; looking upon the smallpox as a disease that every child must pass through ; becoming after having had it in childhood quite assured of safety from it thereafter; experiencing no appre- hension from mingling with infected persons; and actually continuing to wear the clothes they have worn whilst sick, or whilst in attendance on the sick, and carrying sick children about among their neighbours, it would be wonderful if, when once the disease has shewn itself in a neighbourhood, it were not quickly spread. But the Japanese declare that until foreigners came among them, hardly any adult ever had the disease. They also say that the disease as exhibited now is one brought by foreigners and quite different to what they have been accustomed to. They see that amongst us adults of any age are stricken with it; and that too not only after vaccination, but after having previously had the disease itself. This frightens them a little; and leads them to speak of our having introduced a new form of mortal disease among them. Whether it be so or not let doctors tell. All we can say is, that it breaks out among them, and equally so amongst us—but whether they bring it to us or we to them—both or either—can only be a matter of conjecture. The fact that ships sometimes arrive with it on board, or that seamen are attacked after arrival in harbour before they have been ashore, points to the belief that it may be in the atmosphere. It is not only Yokohama that has suf- fered, and is suffering, but all the surrounding district, includ- ing Yedo itself. It has recently, too, appeared at Kobé, and we read of it as rife in various parts of China, not to speak of its ravages in the United States and Europe. We are therefore inclined to think that like the dreaded Cholera Morbus, whilst undoubtedly it may be and is com- municated from one to another, it is also generated in the sº- mosphere, and many take it who never approach the dis’ eased. TIEHIE IF_A_IF, IFE ALST- 3. One remarkable circumstance however, must be noted. It has been too frequently proved to admit of any doubt, that not only may those be attacked who have been comparatively recently vaccinated, but it may revisit those who have already suffered from it. One of the most recent fatal cases in Yoko- hama was that of a gentleman who, on the outbreak of the epidemic was vaccinated. Speaking to a friend on his sub- mitting to the operation, he remarked: “I’m going to be vac- “cinated, although there can be no fear of me, for I have al- “ready had the small pox.” Yet he was seized a few days afterwards, and succumbed to a short but very severe attack. It is quite an ascertained fact therefore, that under existing circumstances in this country the disease may be taken by foreigners who have had it elsewhere. This being kept in mind, it is very gratifying to see the energy with which Dr. Newton R. N. is using his influence with the Japanese autho- rities both in Yokohama and Yedo, to get them to take some decisive steps to oppose, diminish, and if possible banish the disease. At his instance they have already established vaccination stations, to which the people young and old may go and obtain gratuitous vaccination. He is endeavouring to persuade the government to make vaccination compulsory; and there is every reason to believe that were this yielded to, a speedy inprovement would be wrought. The great number of children who are now seized, will be year by year material- ly decreased; and consequently there will be so much less of the disease for the clear light atmosphere to waft to others. Dr. Newton has already done both natives and foreigners in Japan, a great service, in setting on foot, establishing, and superintending a Lock hospital in the neighbourhood of Yoko- hama, and teaching the Japanese the proper mode of manag- ing the institution, and treating the patients. He will make his name even more deserving of becoming a household word with them, if he succeeds in his battle against small pox. None can deny the benefit that has attended his former under- taking; and all most applaud his present action. It may be hoped and expected that next year we shall see the first fruits of his efforts in a great decrease of the disease. If by his persuasion and instrumentality vaccination becomes as gene- ral and as effective as in Europe, he will deserve a statue as much as did Dr. Jenner. (ſhe 3|lustrations. THE PORCH, QUANNON SAMA, YEDO. Th; title of the principle temple at Asakusa, as we in- formed our readers in our last number, is Quannon sama—being dedicated to the god of that name, who is sup- posed to have 36 arms and 100 hands. The crowds always about the temple, inside and out are prodigious, and it has been the remark of most who have written about it, that the whole scene has the appearance of a fair. About the large temple are great numbers of smaller ones, many mere shrines, but each having its votaries; and closely adjacent are some extensive gardens quite worth strolling through. There is also upon the temple grounds a little nook in which stands a small house where may be seen and purchased many remarkable birds and monkeys. The view of the porch of the great temple is the best our artist could get, by reason of the limited distance at which he could plant his camera. It will be observed, however that all the substructure of the edifice is of wood, the doors being handsomely lacquered and gilded. The large lanterns hanging down in front of the porch are far exceeded in size by others inside, and to the eye of a foreigner the appearance of the in- terior is as if there were a perpetual feast of lanterns. The population of this district of the city always seems to be much greater than that of any other. The Theatre street is here—for in Yedo the theatres are confined to one locality; and as the performances in these are by day and the people of all classes delight in theatrical representations of every kind, crowds from the extremes of the city flock thither. The place seems wholly given up to amusement. Skirting the long pathway to the grand entrance to the temple on both sides, are innumerable stalls of toy-sellers. And such is the gay and unsophisticated nature of the natives, that old as well as young enjoy the games they can there share in. Among other exhibitions in the neighbourhood, is one that would not disgrace Madame Tussaud, although the figures are of wood instead of wax. The groups are generally of homely scenes, such as one meets with in an ordinary stroll. Barbers shaving their customers; astreet row; men and women with their usual attendants walking or bargaining; and all kinds of such like subjects. They are life size very nicely carved and painted, and the clovies put on with all the care of the origi- nals. Mr. Mitford gives us—translating from the Yedo Hanjoki— a few characteristics of the locality:— At Asakusa, as, indeed, all over Yedo, are to be found fortunetellers, who prey upon the folly of the surperstitious. With a treatise on phy- siognomy laid on a desk before them, they call out to this man that he has an ill-omened forehead, and to that man that the space be- tween his nose and his lips is unlucky. Their tongues wag like flowing water until the passers by are attracted to their stalls. If the seer finds a customer, he closes his eyes, and, lifting the divining sticks reverently to his forehead, mutters incantations between his teeth. Then, suddenly parting the sticks in two bundles, he prophesies good or evil, according to the number in each. With a magnifying glass he ex- amines his dupe's face and the palms of his hands. By the fashion of his clothes and his general manner the prophet sees whether he is a countryman or from the city. “I am afraid, sir,” says he, “you have ‘not been altogether fortunate in life, but I foresee that great luck awaits you in two or three months;” or, like a clumsy doctor who makes his diagnosis according to his patient's fancies, if he sees his customer frown- ing and anxious, he adds: “Alas! in seven or eight months you must beware of great misfortune. But I cannot tell you all about it for a slight fee :” with a long sigh he lays down the divining sticks on the desk, and the frightened boor pays a further fee to hear the sum of the misfortune which threatens him, until, with three feet of bamboo slips and three inches of tongue, the clever rascal has made the poor fellow turn his purse inside out. The class of diviners called Ichiko profess to give tidings of the dead or of those who have gone to distant countries. The Ichiko exactly cor- responds to the spirit medium of the West. The trade is followed by women, of from fifteen or sixteen to some fifty years of age, "who walk about the streets, carrying on their backs a divining box about a foot square: they have no shop or stall, but wander about, and are invited into their customers' houses. The ceremony of divination is very sim- ple. A porcelain bowl filled with water is placed upon a tray, and the customer having written the name of the person with whom he wishes to hold communion on a long slip of paper, rolls it into a spill, which he dips into the water, and thrice sprinkles the Ichiko, or medium. She, resting her elbow upon her divining box, and leaning her head upon her hand, mutters prayers and incantations until she has summoned the soul of the dead or absent person, which takes possession of her, and an- swers questions through her mouth. The prophecies which the Ichiko !. during her trance are held in high esteem by the superstitious and vulgar. Hard by Asakusa is the theatre street. The theatres are called Shiba-i, “turf places," from the fact that the first theatrical performances were held on a turf plot. The crigin of the drama in Japan, as elsewhere, was reli. www.hoxox 'aportwą now I wou haox ”JLSVTſ.BC º TV. EL CEITEĽST, TIETE IF.A.I.E, IE.A.ST. THE FIRE TOWER. LL over Yedo, and in all the great cities of the Empire, are towers similar in their general design to that depicted on page 2. In smaller towns and large villages, their place is supplied by tall, strong ladders fixed perpendicularly. “The use to which they are put, is, to give alarm in case of fire. A Bell is suspended on high, and directly a fire breaks out, the direction is proclaimed by the mode of striking the bell. The tower pictured in the photograph is somewhat delapidat- ed; and is the only portion of the yashiski of Prince Aidzu that has been left standing since his gallant, but ineffectual effort in support of the Tycoonate. Çhe period. N THE 17th January, a meeting of the members of the Yokohama Race Club was held in the Chamber of Commerce room. Mr. Marshall in the chair. The yearly accounts were submitted, and the chairman read the following comparative statement of the total receipts and payments during the years 1869 and 1870 – RECEIPTs. 1869. 1870. Subscriptions ... --- --- ... $1,670 ... $1,840 Tickets of admission .... ... 1,455 --- 1,391 Profit" of stalls --- --- --- 85 236 Entrance fees ... -- 23 --- 22 Subscription to prizes ... --- --- 1,654 --- 3,487 PAYMENTS. Prizes ... --- --- --- --- 4,219 --- 4,284 Rent ... --- --- --- 1,000 --- 1,200 Keeping course... -- --- --- 449 --- 582 Keeping stand ... --- --- --- 352 --- 329 Cost of meeting... ... ". ... 392 ... 319 Printing... --- --- --- --- 183 --- 240 Balance in hand ... 803 --- 1,210 The accounts were passed. A motion was then brought forward by lºſt. Prince :- 1st.—That the Handicappers, Judge and Starter should not be owners of Ponies entered at the Meeting. 2nd—That elections of Committee shall be by ballot, the box being kept open four days. Mr. Barnard seconded ; but the motion was rejected. A vote of thanks to the retiring Committee was passed, and a ballot being taken for the new Committee, Messrs. Strachan, Helme, Scheidt, Robertson and Melhuish were eleçted. A vote of thanks to the chair. man terminated the proceedings: A HALF YEARLY Meeting of the Chamber of Commerce took place on the 18th January at which the Chairman, Mr. Marshall, pre- sided. The report having been read and accepted, several new members were admitted. As Mr. Marshall is about paying a visit to England, he announced that he would not be eligible for re-election as Chairman. A vote of thanks was tendered to him for his services whilst he had been in office ; to which he feelingly replied. Mr. Van der Tak was then elected Chairman for the Present year, Mr. Hooper, Vice Chairman ; Messrs. Geisenheimer, Melhuish. Johnson, Hurlbut, Mollison, Strachan and Greeven, were elected as Committee-men, and Messrs. Seligmann and Evers auditors. I? AFFORDS us great pleasure to report that Messrs. Dallas and Ring, who were attacked in Yedo on the Evening of the 13th Jan- nary, are progressing favourably towards convalescence, Th; United States and the the North German men of war in harbour have suffered severely from small pox—and for a time-communi- cation with the shore was all but cut off. The epidemic is now begin- ning to show a falling off in its violence both re and afloat. In the Yokohama General Hospital alone, there have been nearly 70 small-pox patients during the last three months—and this is quite apart from the military and naval hospitals of France, North Germany, the United States and Great Britain, which cannot have numbered, first and last, less than 100 patients, A PERFORMANCE of Acrobatic feats took place at the Yokohama Hotel on the 17th ult, by which a departing troupe of Japanese acrobats, who have been engaged by Mr. Page to travel to China, India, &c., were able to show their quality. It was a mere affair, got up on the spur of the moment, and unadvertised. But it was a spirited per- formance, and gave great satisfaction. The receipts—about $70, were handed to the Yokohama General Hospital. IT IS no wonder if North German shipmasters whose vessels are de- tained in various ports, by the fear of capture, should become im- patient of their unwilling idleness. A bold attempt was made on the 20th January, by the N. G. barque Persia to leave the harbour and put to sea. She hove up her anchor and set sail by 4 A. M., but by 6. A. M. the French corvette Dupleia had steam up, and went in chase. The barque perceived the state of things, before she had got out of the gulf, and bore up for the coast, so that she might be well within three miles of the land, and then returned to her anchorage. The corvette anchored down the coast, off Yokoska. GYMNASTIC club has been established in the settlement. A meet- ing was held on the 26th January, at the house of Mr. Bofel, at which Mr. Mottu presided. Having stated the object of the meeting to be to establish a Gymnasium in Yokohama, he mentioned that about $600 would be requisite to start with, to purchase all the materials. It was decided at once to form the Club, and about $330 was subscribed by those present towards the preliminary expenses. It has long been a desideratum in Yokohama, and we are heartily glad to see such an institution so spiritedly set on foot. Nº was received from England, by telegram, on the 21st ultimo, of the death of Dr. G. R. Jenkins, one of our oldest residents, and for a long time, the only English Medical man in the settlement. He was so well known and universally esteemed, that the intelligence caused great sorrow throughout the community. A FIRE broke out on the morning of the 23rd ulto., in a public house called the “British Queen.” It spread to a number of small tene- ments, mostly occupied by Chinamen, and cleared away a nest so closely occupied, that but for the sufferings and loss it entailed, it were a subject for congratulation. Although all the surrounding buildings are of wood, the flames were quickly subdued, and confined to a single block. B’ a telegram received by the last Mail, the total loss of the American barque Benefactress is announced. It occurred off the Cape of Good Hope. She was a regular trader between United States and this. port, and was on the voyage hence to New York, with a full cargo- of tea. Printed and published for the proprietor, by JAMES.R., ANGLIN, at the “ j. &# " Printing office, No. 87, Main Street Yokohama, Japan. 2 THE EAER. E.A.sºr. the admission have suffered of the Portu- martyrdom. guese priest- Our readers hood. The will remem- island of Kiu- ber that as siu had em- recently as braced the 1866, the new faith French Ad- with avidity, miral went to and prosely- Corea to pu- tes were coun- nish the na- ted by tens tion for the of thousands. murder of Among the some French christians priests; and were several that the Cor- very able and eans behaved powerful lea- so bravely, ders; and as that he was there was re- unable to ef- ally no valid ect his object. ground for a Why the descent upon Japanese Corea, the should enter- Jesuits dec- tain any de- lared that the sign against expedition the Coreans, was got up to WILLAGE Scene:—THE PACK HoRSE. we cannot at get these all compre- brave men and their christian followers out of the way; as, being himself a usurper, Taiko feared they might seize power, as he had done. Accordingly in the year 1592 he despatched a host of 40,000 men to Corea, where under the command of Konishi-sama, called by the priests, Don Augustin, the Japan- ese were repeatedly victorious and took many of the castles. Taiko-sama sent a second army to support Konishi, and sub- sequently a third—almost all of whom were christians—giving orders that the ships should return at once to receive him, as "he wished to share in the glories of the enterprise. Of all that host, a comparatively small proportion returned to Japan; and the conduct of Taiko-sama, in leaving them with- out sustenance or the means of recrossing the sea to their own country, gives some colouring for the assertion of the Jesuits, that jealousy of the christians was the principal motive for the expedition. Three of the conditions demanded by Konishi before he would make peace, were, that between Japan and Corea, trade should be free ; that the latter should pay an annual tribute; and that five of the eight provinces of Corea should be handed over to Japan. It is here well worthy of remark, that had the Japanese forces remained in Corea, christianity would in all likelihood have become the religion of the country. For some few years the provinces were held by Taikosama's troops; and under their protection priests of the Romish Church were admitted, established stations, and taught with very hopeful success. On the departure of the Japanese, however, they were driven out, and Corea has since then been closed against foreigners; the few devoted servants of the cross who have ventured to preach the gospel among them, having knowingly gone with their lives in their hands, and in most instances hend. According to the accounts given by themselves, the country is very limited in extent, and is not rich in products of any kind. It has neither silk, tea, nor minerals. Its rice crop often falls short in the colder districts, and is not of good quality at the best. If there be any country less provocative of cupidity than another, in the Far East, it is certainly Corea. It is remarkable that the design was attributed to the government directly after the close of the late civil war in Japan. The Mikado's troops had fought well, and in some fights, especially in the island of Yesso, under the very eyes of foreigners, they had advanced under a murderous fire, as steadily as veteran troops. It might have been, that their success led them to pine to carry their victorious arms against another foe. Whether it was so or not who can say? The report was spread; and as usual gathered as it flew; until it was said that a very experienced member of the foreign diplomatic corps was to be appointed to visit Corea as the Ambassador for Japan. It is for the home governments of the Western nations to decide whether it is worth their while to compel the Coreans to open their ports. We doubt their attempting it, unless under some unforeseen and very exceptional circumstances. But there would be something laughable in Japan undertak- ing an expedition against them. The Imperial exchequer is not so overflowing, that they are obliged to look about for means of scattering a surplus, and the Imperial army and navy are not so perfect in all respects as to be invincible where an European force failed. Japan must wait before she attempts foreign conquest. She has not yet recovered from the ill effects of her own internal struggle; and will not, with all her enterprise, for several years to come. TIEEE E'_A_IE, E.A.ST. 3 There is indeed, still, a struggle going on in this land, which is lamentable in its first effects. The government is endeavouring to put down Buddhism; to stamp out the last embers of Christianity, and to establish for all the people, the old religion of the country, Sintooism. In one respect it may do good. Buddhism, with all its beautiful dogmas, is but an idolatrous worship ; and it is much to be feared that the christianity of the poor natives who have been torn from their homes and exiled, is very dif- ferent to the christianity originally taught to them. Sintoo- ism outwardly is the worship of one Supreme Being under the symbol of a bright mirror, or a piece of pure white paper. As to its doctrines, they have been so mixed up with Bud- dhism and superstition that it is hard to say what they are. Probably then, the hundreds of thousands who will be de- prived of their old lights, may, instead of accepting the Im- perial gods, search for themselves; and learn the truth of the gospel. There are many Japanese now who read the bible. There are some who teach its contents to others. The first persecutions of the christians in Japan, nearly led to the evangelization of Corea. It is not impossible that the present raid may be the means of turning the attention of the people to the subject; and the sufferings of the martyrs may once more be the seed of the Church. (ſhe $llustration5. THE SAIBANSHO, YOKOHAMA. WELVE years ago, the Japanese government were pre- paring a place for foreigners nominally at Kanagawa, which was to be an open port, according to the treaties enter- ed into the preceding year. Within that period what changes have taken place! It is hard for old residents to realize that the large and flourishing town they now inhabit, not in a colony but in a foreign land, has grown from the smallest dimensions within so short a period, and under their very eyes. Looking too, to the peace- ful life they enjoy here, it is difficult to convince themselves that there have been periods during which they had good cause for auxiety as to their personal safety. If any one should be disposed to enquire wherein lay their peril, let him turn to Sir Rutherford Alcock's “Narrative of a three year's residence in Japan.” There will be found an account of the trials of a foreign minister indeed, but superadded thereto the dangers that awaited all foreigners in Japan, and more particularly in Yokohama and Yedo. It may be interesting even to “old hands” among ourselves to look back, and recapitulate a few of the features that have marked our acquaintance with this country. There are one or two still to the fore who saw Japan long before it was formally opened in 1859. There are some who accompanied Commodore Perry U. S. N. in his oxpedition, and there aro several who were amongst the earliest arrivals. These latter have known the vicissitudes that had to be endured from the commencement. They underwent the exciting times of the currency discussions; of the dispute as to the site of the set- tlement; of the successive murders in Yokohama and Yedo and on the road between the two; the attacks on the foreign legations in Yedo, the burning of the English and French legations and of the Tycoon's residence. They heard the order of the Mikado to the Tycoon to close Yokohama, and keep foreigners to Nagasaki and Hakodadi; and remember the hopeless attempts of the Tycoon and his Gorogio to obey the order. They saw the departure of the first embassy to Europe for the purpose of obtaining the consent of the Treaty Powers to the closing of Yokohama and to the postponement of opening Hiogo, Osaka, Yedo and Nee-gata. They have seen the whole foreign community living in a state of prepara- tion for flight—ready to embark on ships of war, appointed to receive them in case of alarm. They remember the assem- bling of the squadron for the punishment of Satsuma; the ar- rival of the French and English troops, and the formation of the combined fleet with which Simonosaki was attacked; and so they reached the end of the year 1864. During that five years they and the Japanese had begun to understand each other; but we fear that the knowledge thus gained was not of a character to increase the admiration of either for the other. Up to that time many obstructions had been thrown in the way of foreigners trading with the natives. The export of Silkworm eggs was prohibited, and after a most extraordinary business in silk, which in one year (1861/2) reached the large total of 26,000 bales, valued at the price of the day at about £2,500,000 sterling, the government prevented its transmis- sion to Yokohama, except in very limited quantities, and thus nearly put a stop to the trade for a time. After Simonosaki, however, things changed. We heard no more of having to turn out of our flourishing port. Ministers went down to Osaka, and obtained the Mikado's ratification of the Treaties, and other advantages ; a new era seem- ed to have been ushered in, and all seemed promising, until on the 26th November 1866 the great fire took place, which, destroying one third of the native and foreign quarters, swept away all the Japanese Custom house and Bonded warehouses, and left an enormous space to be relaid out and rebuilt upon. Advantage was taken of the clearance, to make a very marked division between the native and foreign settlements. They are now divided by a fine street 120 feet wide, on one side of which, at the end nearest the sea, government or official build- ings have been erected, and lower down, good strong houses and warehouses, as nearly fireproof as they can be made. The principal building on the Japanese side is the Saibansho, as shewn in our illustration on page 4. It is the principal go- vernment office, at which the governor transacts his business: cases are heard as between Japanese and foreigners; all ma. ters connected with land, granted, sold, or leased to foreigners are settled; and the municipal affairs generally both native and foreign are dealt with. Only two foreigners, beside the police,are employed by the government in this department— Mr. Benson the municipal Director, and Mr. W. II. Doyle. Both gentlemen are Americans. ·'www.hoxox 'ongnwarws war, "JLSVTEĽ ºÐ TV, E， ELECJI, --- "THE ET TF_A_TER, TE:_A_S'I'T ----------- THE UNITED STATES CoNsULATE, Yokoh AMA. 6 TIEEE FAIR EAST_ THE UNITED STATES CONSULATE. This building is directly opposite the Saibansho ; and con- tains under its roof, the Consular Court room; Consular offices; U. S. Post office; and the private residence of the Consul. The increase of business at this Consulate since the es- tablishment of the Pacific Mail Company's Steamers has been wery considerable, the energy of that company having of itself created the major portion of it. One large steamer in from San Francisco and one out, en route to and from China; a weekly steamer to Shanghai, via Kobe and Nagasaki; and another steamer kept constantly trading between this and Hakodadi;-all these not only make work for the consulate, but have done a great deal of good to the port. Since they have commenced running the trade in Tea between this and America has vastly increased, and now hardly any Japa- nese tea is purchased except for American account. The im- port trade too has been vastly augmented; and of course with these things, all collateral matters which produce work for the Consulate have multiplied. Whilst speaking of the Consulate, we may say a word of the Consul—Mr. Lyon. He is a man who Thas given strong and repeated evidence that his main desire is to do justice, and act uprightly in his office, as his immediate predecessor had done. And so far as the community at large is concerned, it has benefited by his vigorous dealing with the “loafers,” who still abound, but not to anything like the ex- tent they did on his arrival. In 1870, he sent upwards of 100 out of the settlement, shipping them to America, where they would be able to find work if they were willing to accept it. THE BUND, YOKOHAMA. YTHE road running along the front of the settlement skirt- - the sea bears this title. The dwellings in order from the left, are Messrs. Hecht, Lilienthal & Co., Findlay, Richard- son & Co., A. Heard & Co., the Yokohama United Club and Mr. Van der Tak. Beyond that, the houses are hidden from ‘Vlew. VILLAGE SCENES. N page 2 and 7 are two village scenes; the first being an old Japanese pony, which, having got rid of his load, stands in the middle of the road, his knees securely tied with the rope by which when in motion he is led. The packsaddle and the ropes for tying on the burden, whatever it may be, are quite characteristic. The other picture is a village street, and shews the slight manner in which the dwellings of the lower classes are run up. A man may build his house, furnish and stock his shop for $100 on the scale exhibitod in the picture; and being content with very inex- pensive living, may have all he can desire and put by money on the profits of his little business. (The period. HF, best information with which we can commence our record of the fortnight, is, that the Small pox epidemic has so died out that only There are almost always some cases among the Japanese, and we can now report that they are not more an occasiºnal case is now heard of. numerous than ordinary. The epidemic may therefore be said to be at an end. It has been very severe, and the deaths from the settlement, the merchant ships, the men-of-war and the foreign garrisons, amount to up- wards of 30. A very unseemly dispute arose towards the close of last month be tween the late Belgian Consul for Yokohama, and the Consul for Yedo. Certain transactions between a Japanese and the latter in his capacity as a merchant and a Japanese, had been brought before the former, whose authority the Belgian Minister, on his arrival here, did not support. The Vice Consul therefore sent in his re- signation, which was accepted. The fact of his having ceased to be Vice- Consul was notified by Mr. Geisenheimer in the columns of two of the local papers; and this produced a letter from the Minister in which he spoke of Mr. Geisenheimer having received his “demission" on account of his animosity against the “Comptoir Belge,” a company of which the Consul, Mr. Strauss, is the chief director in Yokohama. Mr. Geisenheimer replied, stating that if the Minister attached to the word demission, the meaning that he was dismissed from office, it was a deviation from the truth; and as to his feeling against Mr. Strauss, he know little of him except that he had committed certain acts, of which he expressed his opinion in very plain terms. Mr. Strauss then sent Mr. Geisenheimer a letter calling him by names calculated to lead to a breach of the peace. The letter M . Geisenheimer denies having received; but as it produced no answer, Mr. Strauss, through the columns of the Japan. Herald, called on Mr. Geisenheimer to “place himself at his disposal.” The latter re- plied, that if Mr. Strauss would submit the transaction which Mr. Gei- senheimer had stigmatised as -lacing him beyond the pale of gentlemen, to the considerauon of ....J - --lants, and they acquitted Mr. Strauss, he would then meet him on any ground he chose. Such a pub- lic challenge was the best way of preventing anything in the shape of a hostile encounter; but Mr. Strauss took the more reasonable course of indicting Mr. Geisenheimer in the North German Consular Court, for libel. The case is still pending. It is one of the most polyglot trials we ever knew. German, French, Japanese and English are spoken by turns, and as the case, though in reality a very serious one for the parties con- cerned, has from the nature of the correspondence in the papers, produced a large amount of amusement, the following letter, which appeared in the Japan Gazette on the 14th inst., may aptly find admission here :- To the Editor of the Japan Gazette. DEAR SIR, Referring to the report in this morning's Mail of the Babel of tongues used in the trial, some such judgment as the following, which, if render- ed, might enable all parties to follow the matter:— Il est evident que le témoignage von die wohlgebornen herren in die- ser case has been given in kotoba majitta kiredomo taksan mudscashi. Aberwenn aller die circonstances sont bien considered there is but little doubt anokome no yaksoku etait le point d'appui of the bobbery. Kome okuremasen kerebale plaignant a saisi le bargain money, y sin duga tenia razon if the native understood it so. Shikase nagara moshi der kaufmann ein dato hat un le Japonnais avaitun autre ensu imagina- cion the Court is of opinion que l'affaire est bien melangée, Yours truly, Yokohama, 14th February, 1871. HE canal on the southern side of the settlement, has been nominally T deepened by the Japanese, to an uniform depth of 4 feet at low water, in accordance with the convention entered into as far back as 1865. Practically the work has been confined to a small channel, about 15 or 20 feet wide in the middle of the bed. The stoppage to traffic, therefore, that always proved an obstruction to business at low water, is not much relieved now, as hardly a day passes without some detention through cargo boats and coal barges getting stuck in the chan- nel. The foreign representatives who were parties to the convention, did not trouble theºlves aºrt the matter, although their attention was repeatedly calº tº it by the Press, THE FAR EAST. AN II, I, USTRATRI) FOBT NIGHTI, Y NEWSPAPER. [Wol. I, No. XIX. YOKOHAMA, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 1st, 1871. [SINGLE Copy $1.00] HE third year Meiji, or the reign of the present * Mikado is numbered with the past, and the fourth º: is ten days old. We have seen the new year usher- \ ed in both by the Japanese, and the Chinese resi- dents—but with far less hilarity on the part of the former than we have been accustomed to and we imagine that the hard business habits of foreigners must be telling upon them; rendering them regardless of their old holidays and jollifications—or at all events, less demonstrative. The year that is past will be a memorable one for China, as having witnessed that dreadful tragedy at Tientsin, where- by foreigners were awakened to the volcano on which they were seated in that mandarin-ridden country, and the depth of the hatred with which they are still regarded among the literati and the influential. In Japan, if the year has presented a better appearance on the whole, there have not been wanting symptoms, which have caused, and do still keep alive, feelings of apprehension and distrust. The govern- rank; ” but it has in most instances made them governors of their old territories, so that practically they are much as they were before, except that they are a good deal freer. It has to be seen, whether they are as powerful. The government has been very anxious to bring the forces of the realm under the sole authority of the Mikado, but in this they have not been successful. At this moment Yedo is guarded not by what we should call imperial regiments, but by the soldiers of special Daimios; and it is difficult for foreigners to comprehend where the line is drawn between these troops and such as are solely the Mikado's. All that can be said with regard to the political attitude of Japan during the course of the year that is gone, is, that in spite of much intrigue, and constant rumours of ill, the peace has been preserved, and on the surface, there is a general appearance of progress. But it closes inauspiciously. There have been troubles in the Sinchiu district, not more than thirty or forty miles from Yedo, and troops had to be sent to quell them. Of this, we should think but little, were they altogether isolated. But every day the ment, howe- ver, has been successful in upholding the laws in general, and its own dec- rees in par- ticular ; and -- - apprehen- sions so oft * expressed, L - and by our- -- º selves tried to be reasoned away, increa- se; and the aims and acts whenever it of certain lea- has been call- ding men— ed upon to notably Sat- act, it has sunna – a ro shewn both altogether in- firmness and explicable, activity. It unless some has nominal- great move ly, if not re- ment is on ally, done foot. The Mi- away with kado has been much of the resident in old fendal Yedo during system, re- I- - - the whole ducing the - _--, -º-º- º year. He has ancient bar- ..º.º. wººl lſº sº hºtº On two or ons into sim- T TT three occa- ple “men of NFw YEAR’s STREET STALL. sions, actual. 2 TIEEE E"A-Bº IEA's T. ly appeared as eminently in public; and peaceful and he has given - pro gressive. audiences to But with the foreign Mini- appearances sters and that are be- others, in a coming more style quite and more pal- new to Japan, pable, it is to and mostgra- be feared tifying to that all is not those whom so bright as he has thus ithasseemed. honored. Yet Satsuma is one of the ever the pro- promine nt - |..., minent name. runnours of * lt was Satsu- the day, 18, - -- ma who was that his very the head and throne must front of the be upset; and rebellion a system ap- which put proaching re- down the publicanism Tycoonate established : and placed —an idea so the Mikado startling that in his true calm reason- and ancient ers naturally NEw YEAR’s STREET STALLs. position. It call it absurd. was Satsuma The fact of such a rumour finding prominence, however, shews how impossible it is, in this country, to attempt to state what the true state ofthe government is, or to predict the future. The 3rd year Meiji, estimated on foreign principles, would appear to have been far more progressive, were it not for what is forcing itself into observation at its close. The govern- ment has established for itself confidence in the minds of for- eigners that may enable it to carry out great plans of internal improvement and public benefit; and if it is strong enough to oppose the intrigues that are besetting it, all will be well. But, if Satsuma or any other of the plotters should succeed in carrying out their schemes, all such confidence would de- part, and Japan might find itself in a most trying position. With all his ambition, there is no question that Satsuma is the most go-ahead man in the country; and some say that his " objection to the present rule is, that it attempts to combine the old system of isolation and obstructiveness with the new one of enlightenment and advancement. It is quite true that this is the case; but we believe the government itself would endeavour to get over this, were it not for the pressure from without. It is not an easy thing for a whole nation to turn over abruptly from one system to another diametrically oppos- ed to it, in a year or two. Wisdom would surely prompt to a patient development of the new ideas. But some are of opi- nion that Satsuma has gone so far, and involved himself so deeply, that he is now driven to desperation and will proceed to any length to rid himself of his liabilities. Did we see nothing of evil looming before us, we should have been inclined to have spoken of the past Japanese year, who was ever looked upon as the champion of the beneficial charges that have been taking place; but it is Satsuma who is now said to plot the overthrow of all that has been so re- cently set up. Satsuma is therefore “The Great Incompre- hensible” of Japan. It is he who renders the task of esti- mating the true position of the country so hard. It is he, who being the most powerful noble in the country might do more for its good than any other. But what he will do— and how his designs tend, the year now just commenced may determine. (ſhe 3|lustrations. NEW YEAR'S STREET STALLS. Lºr all countries with any kind of civilization, the Japan- ese usher in the New Year with great preparations and outward signs of rejoicing. They commence a few days be- fore the close of the old year to set their houses in order, by thoroughly turning them inside out, cleansing them, and re- newing old and worn out articles, such as the mats of the floors, the paper windows, the cooking and washing gear, with such other things as their circumstances admit of their indulg- ing in. To this end, in all the towns and villages, stalls are permitted to be erected, after the manner of our fairs, and as all the articles sold there are considered to be both good and cheap, the multitude of buyers is considerable. The decora- tions for the houses are also sold at these stalls; and as these 8 TELE FAIR EAST". It is to be feared that the Chinese people will fail to see in the circumstances attending that chastisement, a snfficient reprobation, by their Government, of the massacre; and in that case, what guarantee does the chastisement offer against a repetition of similar crimes? Furthermore, what proofs, or even assurances, are given to the Foreign Representative that the chastisement has reached the actual culprits, those who were at the head of the plot, and who arranged it? Should not the Government of his Majesty the Emperor of China, in the interest of its dignity and its honour, and to escape responsibility, institute a rigorous enquiry such as I have never ceased to demand, and at which delegates of the Foreign Representatives at Peking may be present in order to convict and to punish the principal culprits, whoever they may be?” HE Murder of Hirosawa Sangi, member of the Imperial Council, as described to us is one of the coldest blooded affairs we ever heard of. He was asleep with wife by his side when the man entered. The man must have got into the garden and thence into the hoase without being heard, and as his wife awoke, she saw the sword of theassassin descendand kill him by splitting his skull. She was about to scream, when the man put his hand on her mouth ; and told her to be quiet or he would kill her too. He then gagged her, and tied a cloth over her mouth; and taking the ribbon attached to his sword, he tied her hands and fastened her to the wall. He then returned to his victim, and raising the head by its hair, grimly looked it vengefully in the face—addressing it in such language as—“Ha! here you are at last—I've killed ye. —Take that too —and that, and that"—cutting off a member, such as the nose and ears as he spoke. He then made several slashes at the body—breast, arms, legs, and wound up by piercing the already mangled corpse with the point of his sword. When he could no longer wreak his devilish nature on the dead, he turned to the woman in the most deliberate manner, wiped the sword with the bed clothes, and returned it to its sheath. He then told her that he was about to unbind her, but if she uttered a sound he would strike her dead. He then removed the bandages from her face, and untied her hands; and asked her whether there was any money in the house, threatening if she refused to tell him, she should die. As however, his sword was sheathed, she hastily cried that she did not know and ran screaming away. The alarm being thus given, the fellow made good his exit, and has not yet been captured. Our informant does not connect this with the band of men who were said to have gone to the Daijokwan. He says the man is almost sure" to be taken, as there are strong reasons for suspecting who was the murderer. When the friend of Hirosawa went to take up his body, and examine it, they found that it was so hacked that it was impossible to lift it by any member—his arms for instance were merely hanging by pieces of flesh, a doctor had to be obtained to tie the body together for sepulture. His head was not severed from his body, but it would have been useless attempting to re- cognise him by his features, from the manner in which he had been mutilated. There were in all 13 wounds. Hirosawa was a high officer of Choshiu's clan. The Daijokwan, contains among its members, men of Satsuma. Nabeshima, Choshiu and Tosa. A conspiracy has been discovered to kill all of them; but we cannot quite fathom the seat of the conspiracy nor its motives. It is also uncertain as yet, whether the murderer belonged to the conspirators or not. If he be captured and his crime brought home to him, that will probably be re- realed. Meanwhile the excitement in Yedo continues. PIRATES IN SHANGHAI HARBOUR. A”. half past two yesterday afternoon, two men, whose wet clothes showed they had been in the water, rushed into the Hongkew Police Station saying their boat had been seized by pirates. As soon as a few well-directed questions had given coherence to their excited utter- ances their statement was found to run as follows:—They were boatmen, who with two shipmates started in their boat, the ordinary small coast junk. with a general cargo and three passengers, for some place in the large island of Tsung-ming, outside Woosung. They had got to a dis- tance of about 150 miles from Shanghai when, probably about Saturday afternoon, a more powerful boat ran alongside of them and seven armed men boarded their boat and clapped them under hatches which they battened down. Some of the pirates took charge of their prize, the others remained in their own boat. The ideas of the four boatmen and three passengers as to time and place became of course very vague after this. But yesterday afternoon two of the boatmen managed by ingenious excuses to get on deck for a little. To their great delight they found themselves at the foot of Shanghai harbour, not far from Gibb, Living- ston & Co's. godowns. Seing a foreign ship close by, ;hey made sure the pirates would not use their pistols so close to foreigners, and leaped si- multaneously into the water, swam ashore, and used all dispatch in reaching the Police Station. As may be supposed no time was lost in looking after the marauders. two constables in a sampan with the bamboo screen down, crept hastily down the river. The pirates, as soon as they saw the boatmen get ashore became apprehensive of consequences, got up anchor and made for Woo- sung; but the wind was dead ahead and their progress was so slow that the Police sampan was soon within a few yards of the captured junk. But, making sure of their prize too soon, the police pulled up their bamboo screen and were no sooner seen by the pirates than the latter put their helm hard up, and giving a full spread of sail to the wind, boldly headed back for Shanghai. This bold movement dis- concerted the plans of the police who were, of course, soon left far behind. Scanning eagerly every nook and corner of the harbour as they came up, the police at length found the boat lying at Canton Road Jetty, but, as was to be expected, all the pirates had made their escape. But as both the boatman, and the police can recognize the persons of the pirates, it is to be hoped that the desperadoes may yet be heard of; though with such possibilities of concealment and escape as Shanghai and its neighbourhood affords, the chances are greatly in their favour They are all Cantonese, and certainly their daring tactics more resemble what we occasionally read of as occurring between Hongkong and Can- ton than anything we have heard of for years in these northern waters —Shanghai Evening Courier. STEAM-SHIP BUILDING IN JAPAN. IT is always a pleasing to the journalist to record scientific and me. chanical progress of any country and especially of one like Japan anxious to become placed on a footing with western nations. We have from time to time noticed in our columns the progress being made in the branch of work executed at this port, for, and on account of the Japan- ese, as set forth in the heading hereto, and we now publish a few parti- culars with reference to the Sakata Maru, lately launched at Hiogo. She is intended to ply a passenger trade, to and from Kobe and Osaka, and we believe she will be ready to take her trial trip in about another fort- night. From her appearance we should say that she will prove the most comfortable boat on this line, to travel in, and as such will be one additional public advantage gained for the snmmer season, when the re- sidents and visitors enjoy an excursion to Osaka and back and especially so when it can be made with ease, comfort, and a sense of safety. with reference to the last, we are glad to hear that our suggestions for securing the same have taken effect, and that the Sakata Maru will be in charge of a foreign engineer ; there can be no doubt in the minds of the Japanese themselves that in order to guard against the contin- gencies of accidents, loss of life and property, such appointments will be necessary for some time to come, and that equivalent advantages will be gained thereby. The Sakata Maru is 75 feet in length and 12 in breadth, whilst great care has been taken in the building of her, both as regards solidity and comfort. Her engines and boiler are being put in by Mr. J. H. Wignall, of the Hiogo Foundry, and we understand that her machinery is very superior. We trust that the career of the Sakata Maru will prove a successful one, exempt from accidents, and a payable concern.—H. & O. Herald. Printed and published for the proprietor, by JAMES R. ANGLIN, at the “JAPAN GAZETTE ". Printing office, No. 87, Main Street Yokohama, Japan. TIEEE E'_A_E, IE-A-ST- 3 for themselves, as a rule; but whatever their chief orders, they do. So long then as the chiefs can be kept to their al- legiance, there is little fear for the rest. Discussion may arise, and even the extreme doctrines of radicalism or republicanism may be propounded, but so long do such things take to cul- minate in Japan, that the Mikado himself may have been converted before the public at large begins to care how or by whom they are governed. It is most ardently to be hoped, that the government may see the folly of persecuting any of its subjects for religion's sake. This, more than anything else will lead to outcry, and to dissensions which may terminate otherwise than as the oppressors intend. At present we are hopeful that all the troubles said to exist throughout the empire from north to south and east to west, will be got rid of without resort to war, or to the injury in any shape of the Mikado or his go- vernment. But anything like interference with the people's religion is full of risk, and calculated to turn the best friends into the deadliest foes. Jhe 3|lustration5. KITAGATA NO AMANOME. Th; village pictured on page 1 of our present number was, three years ago, some distance outside of the settle- ment; from which it was so completely cut off by the barracks of the English garrison stationed on the Bluff at Yokohama, that it could not have been spoken of even as a suburb. It was a few houses, either themselves belonging to farmers, or with commodities for supply to the farmers round. It is now completely surrounded by foreign residences; and its trade is principally the supply of foreign spirits or groceries to the Camp, or to foreign buyers, with a few shops to supply its greatly increased Japanese population. Running down at the back of the South Camp, it forms the commencement of the New Road; and we dare swear few of those who pass through it daily ever thought it would make such a pretty picture. The view is taken from the lower end, looking up- wards. MIORODJI YATO. LITTLE below Kitagata we come to the village pour- trayed on page 7, in which is situated the rice store depicted on page 2... Every one passes through it on the way to our Rifle Range. COMEYA NO TSKIBA. T HE Japanese have the knack of attaining their ends by very simple means. The illustration on page 2, re- presents a Rice Mortar; and it is used for bruising the bran from the Rice. The modus operandi will be fully comprehend- ed from the picture. After the rice has been well pounded in the mortar, it is passed through a winnowing machine, and the nice white rice is now ready for consumption, and the bran—for what would our readers think? For Soap . It is put into little bags, and used at the bath houses. The bag and its contents being saturated, a kind of white ooze comes from it on pressure, of a very saponaceous feel, although it does not make any lather; and this was the universal lubri- cator before foreigners introduced soap. As it is, the majori- ty of Japanese use it still, but those who have been about foreigners, if unable to afford to buy a bit of soap, dearly love to steal a little from time to time, from their masters, and to carry it triumphantly to the bath. The Comeya or Rice-shop is of the same importance as our Bakers at home—rice being the staple food of the Japanese; and the native rice is of very fine quality. During the sea- son 1866 when the harvest failed, and government for the first time permitted the importation of rice, even the very poor shewed wonderful fastidiousness as to their acceptance of Chinese and Saigon rice. They said it made them ill. And they said so until all classes believed it. They soon got over this squeamishness, however, when they found they could afford no better. - By the kind invitation of Mr. Brunton, our Photographer made a second trip in the Japanese Government Steamer Thabor, on its last round of visits to all the lighthouses on the coast He has returned with a most interesting series of pic- tures, the majority of which will appear in successive num- bers of the Far East. In our next, we will give more infor- mation respecting the lighthouses than we have hitherto done. In this we have but time to present a couple of views taken en route. The first is OCSIMA AND ITS LIGHTHOUSE. HE Photograph represents the back of the Lighthouse taken within its inclosure. Oosima, as its name im- plies, is an island; but, not as its name implies a large island; for, to our judgment it is not above 10 miles in circumference. It is divided from the main land by a strait about 4 or 5 miles wide, on both sides of which are numerous villages in cozy inlets and sheltered glens—and numberless junks lying lazily and happily, (if junks can be happy) after their rude buffetings on “Japan’s shipwreck coast.” For some 30 miles before reaching Oosima from the North, the coast tends easterly so that Oosima is somewhat sheltered from the strong winds blowing from the North. And here the calm waters seduce whales to their destruction; for there are many com- panies of fishermen whose employment for the season is, exclusively, whale killing. The seaward point on which the Lighthouse stands is about 160 feet above the level of the sea; and outside, on the edge of the cliff, stands a cottage—the station of look-out-men, the head fisherman and a superin- tendent Yakunin. The Yakunin acts more as a Purser or Clerk to take notes of spoils, &c. than as a fisherman. Immediate- ly below the hut are anchored two or three large boats laden with whale nets, and a dozen whaleboats each with a crew of 16 men. There they lie day after day, returning to their homes on the mainland at night; listlessly smoking and chattering, and as amiable as though no whale-murdering propensities ever could disturb their apathy. The look-out man through his rude but good Japanese telescope, spies a whale in the distance. A horn of vast dimensions both in size and sound is blown, a signal is shewn, and wild life animates the boatmen and the shoremen; then Pandemonium is broke loose; then frantic movements and discordant yells shake the rocks. The boats proceed beyond the whale and "nanoſaunot’ſ wrotsoo shū, "…SvT： ‘№vaec rºtºttaet,|- 6 TIEEE EPA IP EAST_ frighten him through a passage of the rocks—across which they spread a net; then they drive him back towards the net, he gets entangled and his last hour is come; for frightened by yells, (the whale if he had no ears could hear them), he becomes an easy prey to the bold butchers who so hack him and cut him in his defenceless state, that they rival civilized nations in their dance of death over a prostrate foe. We were informed that a medium value of a whale is 1,000 rios —and that 20 were caught at the one station during the present season. As we observed, the Lighthouse is built on a point about 160 feet above the level of the sea and can be seen at 22 miles distance. It is an admirable structure—of its sort not to be surpassed in Europe. The Japanese under instruction soon become expert masons. In looking at the Lighthouse and its surrounding walls and buildings we, for a moment, fancy ourselves in Europe, so widely different is it from the Japa- nese style in everything. It should beget reflection in a Japanese meditative mind. The Light is revolving, the clock- work beautiful in the extreme, and so clean in every part that a British man-of-war captain could not see a speck to find fault with. Although so high from the water, yet during the Typhoon, the waves went right over the dome, lodged a crab on the parapet and threw another down the chimney of the store room. It would be interesting could we know the thoughts of those crabs while being whirled on high; and, afterwards, when they had landed in, to them, such very strange places. This Oosima Light is for what is termed “a rounding point”—most vessels make it in coming from the North- ward. It is also very useful as indicating a port of refuge in the Straits between Oosima and the main land. TEMPLE NEAR THE LIGHTHOUSE AT WADA-NO-MISAKA, HIOGO. YE did not take any view of the Hiogo Lighthouse. It will be an elegant and strong Wooden Tower about 60 ft. high. The Lantern is not yet erected, but in a short time will be completed. The point on which the Light- house is built is the Western point of the harbour of Kobe —called Wada-no-misaki. It was proposed to make the Martello Tower the base of the Lighthouse, but the Japanese authorities refused to grant it for the purpose. The Temple itself is pretty and the approach to it is of that solemn, religious character which noble trees confer, and which the Japanese good taste and poetic feeling rarely dis- pense with in their sites for religious structures. The bridge, though having the usual form of Japanese wooden bridges is composed entirely of granite—piers, beams, roadway and all. The period. JAPANESE official was cut down by a two-sworded man, at Kawa- saki, on the 4th inst. He lived only a few hours after the assault. The assassin at first, on being arrested, feigned madness, but ultimately admitted that he was paid to take the man's life. OKOHAMA has now its Rowing Club : an association that ought to Yº. productive of much pleasure and amusement during the next few months, on our fine harbour. Th; ANNUAL Meeting of the Yokohama General and Small Pox hospitals was held at the Chamber of Commerce Rooms on Tues- day, 14th inst., H. E. Sir Harry Parkes in the chair. The following are the reports of the Committee and ºf Dr. Dalliston, as presented to the Meeting :— RE PORT OF THE YOKOHAMA GENERAL AND SMALL POX HOSPITALS, FOR THE YEAR ENDING 31st DECEMBER, 1870, The Committee of the Yokohama General Hospital, now lay before the public the Report for the past year. On the "st January of that year there were remaining in Hospital 23. patients; and up to 31st December the admittances were 380, in all 403 patients treated against 270 in the previous year. Of these 403 patients, 59 were charity patients, and inmates were received from twenty different nationalities. Dr. Dalliston's Tabulated Report, now on the table will be found full of detail, and will show the great usefulness of the Hospital. 65 cases of Typhus fever being admitted in the early part of the year and no less than 74 cases of Small pox up to 31st December. And the Com- mittee may here mention that from the 8th February, 1870, to 8th Feb- ruary, 1871, the total admissions forthis dreaded scourge was 121 cases. At the last meeting held on the 15th March last the building fund was in debt to the then treasurer $828.06, which was further increased in all to $996.80. In the month of June part of the late Mr. Malcolm's legacy amounting to 984.68 was handed to the treasurer, and the debt to Mr. Wilkin was then paid off. A further sum of $225 due to Mr. Malcolm's estate is expected by every steamer from Shanghai. The Committee would beg to remind the friends of the Hospital that much remains to be done to make the premises as complete as the committee wish to see them. The typhoons of last year did considerable damage to the Small-pox huts, which had to be repaired at some expense. The balance sheet for the past year is as now before you ; it is as follows :- Dr. Balance in hands of Steward 31st Dec. 1869... $ 84.51 -- -- Treasurer 31st Dec. 1869... , 672.72 Receipts on account Patients , 13,791.10 Donations Malcolm's and others... ... , 1,162.68 Balance due Treasurer.............................. ,, 1,212.27 $16,923.28 - Cr By General charges account........................ $ 1,557.62 , Stewards and boys wag . , 1,670.72 , Dr. Dalliston's salary... .... , 1,842.00 , Medicines, &c.............. ... , 822.83 , Mess account .................................... , 8,540.58 ., Furniture account ... .... , 585.93 , Fuel account.......... --- .... , 890.83 , A. J. Wilkin, Cash................... .... a 996.81 , Balance in hands of Steward.................. -- 15.96 $16,923.28 = leaving, * Committee regret to say, a balance due to the Treasurer of $ 1,212.27. It is however now two years since any appeal has been made to the community for Subscriptions, and the Committee feel confident that their appeal for aid will be liberally met. During the past year beyond the receipts from patients, only $ 178 has been received, (the legacy from Mr. Malcolm having been reserved to pay off the balance due on building fund) whereas in the previous year $ 2.653 were received from various sources. The Committee would strongly bring to notice the number of Charity patients that have been taken into the institution and treated for various diseases during 1870, thus relieving the Community from perpetual ap- plications for relief, and from the sight of miserable objects; and saving the lives of many who would otherwise have died in the streets. Expenses in this way have been heavy and also in the destruction of bedding and many items connected with the Typhus and Small-pox epidemics—the Hospital has also to bear the funeral expenses of all charity patients of whom ten have died during the past year. TIEHCIE FA E. E.A.ST. 7 The Commit- tee would men. tion that when the funds were subscribed to build the pre- sent Hospital it was made con- ditional by many subscrib- ers that desti- tute men should be admitted into the institu- ti n. The Commit- tee have to thank several gentlemen for donations of clothes, papers, &c., &c., which are always ac- ceptable and useful. A great want of old linen to be used as bandages, &c., is much felt, and any that and can speak could be spared - highly of the by the º general conven- :"...l."º MIokodji YATO. ience, and fitness ceived. of this hospital With a view to economise as far as possible, in December last, the Committee called for tenders for supplying the Hospital with stores and provisions of all descriptions for the ensuing year. Several tenders were received, and after a careful comparison of each it was decided to accept that of Messrs. Kirby & Co. The Committee will be able in the course of a few months to report how this system works. The Committee having found that occasionally destitute men have been sent from other open ports in Japan to Yokohama for the purpose of being admitted into the Hospital, the Secretary was requested to write to the Board of Foreign Consuls, requesting that any such patients transmitted to this port be provided with a guarantee for the payment of expenses to be incurred in their behalf by the Consul to whose na- tionality they below: Letters were accordingly sent to Hakodadi, Hiogo. and Nagasa-º. The Committee have great pleasure in thanking Dr. Dalliston, Sur- geon of the Hospital, for his untiring energy and zeal; also Mr. Lot" Hospital Steward, who though suffering from an attack of Small-pox during the height of the epidemic, remained working at his post. in the usual form; by which it will be seen that theincrease of patients has been very large. The total num- ber under treat- ment dur ing the year preced- ing having been 270, whilst the present tables shew that 403 cases of disease have been cared for during the past year. Soon after the compilation of the last Report, the new build ing was in a fit condition to re- ceive patients. I have had near- ly a year's ex- perience of it The Committee during the past year has lost three of its members, Mr. Lowder. Mr. Fraser, and Mr. Kahn; and have been joined by Mr. R. Robertson. Mr Robison and Mr. Hurlbut. The present outgoing committee consists of Mr. R. Robertson Mr. R. D. Robison Mr. C. Robecchi Mr. F. Geisenheimer Mr. G. Hurlbut 7....I. : - Mr. M. J. R. N. Hegt | Working Committee Mr. W. R. Dalziel Secretary Their term of office having expired it will be necessary to elect a fresh committee. W. R. DALZIEL. Hon. Sec. t hairman Treasurer Yokohama, 13th March, 1871. YOKOHAMA GENERAL AND SMALL POX HOSPITALS. FROM DECEMBER 31st, 1869, to JANUARY 1st, 1871. To the (ommittee of the ahore Hospitals, GENTLEMEN, I have the honour ºf presenting you with the Medical Report for the time included between the above dates, and have supplied the tables for our present wants, its capacity and resources having been sorely tried just now. When I last had the honour of addressing your general meeting in this form, I was so fortunate as to present a clean hill of health with regard to our most dreaded pest, since rely hoping that no severe epidemic of Small Pox would recur. Very soon after that time, we admitted our first case for many months—and we have never been since entirely free from them, with the exception of mine or ten days. Still there was no epidemic, or apprehension of one, in the settlement, nearly all those sick of the malady having ar, ºved in vessels from other ports of Japan, or from China. It was not until the month of November was well advanced that the number and severity of local cases warned us that the severest scourge of this fell disorder which Yokohama has yet known, was upon us. The total number of admissions from this cause in the year 1870 was 74 of whom 19 died. The daily admissions show that the disease is, at the present date, rather increasing than otherwise. In the months of March, April and May, we were visited by a severe epidemic of Typhus fever, a class of disease which has afforded, on the hospital site, a very high average of recovery ; a result which was very marked on this occasion ; the epidemic being very severe, and most of the cases of the worst class. There were admitted, of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th classes, 65 patients, and of these 60 recovered. Whilst of the Charity patients 10 were admitted suffering from this form of disease. of whom 5 died ; a fact significant of the mode of life of those whose ranks chiefly supply this class of our inmates. Scurvy has been generally conspicuous in these columns by the pau- city of its victims, this year however, we have received 14 cases—all of whom have recovered. Most of these were from one vessel. There were ten severe cases of frostbite, which occurred amongst seamen from vessels trading to Hakodadi, one of these died from typhus contracted in the hospital, another from acute bronchitis combined with his other sufferings. A third suffered amputation of both feet at the ankle joints, but recovered. There is no special remark to make regarding other diseases beyond those suggested by the statistics themselves. Several cases of operative 2 TELE ETAIR. E.A.ST. ------ THE BAR, Osaka. Kagosima, ostensibly for the benefit of his health, but really, as it was believed, and as the event proves, to bear a communi- cation from the Sovereign to his mighty Baron. We now learn that the mission has been quite successful, and that Satsuma will, ere long, make a reappearance at Court. At the present time, it would be a great misfortune should any governmental troubles arise in Japan. The public works inaugurated by the government are now assuming promin- ence in some cases from their completion, in others from their rapid progress; and anything that should operate to obstruct them would be a great evil to the country. We have during the past week, witnessed the completion of a great Dry Dock at the Naval Arsenal, Yokoska, about twelve miles from this port; and the Mint is to be opened at Osaka on the 4th instant. Lighthouses are one by one being finished all round the coast; the telegraph is in partial operation, and the railway is being pushed forward with spirit. All of these are works that require peace for their develop- ment; for without it, the money for their construction and maintenance will be withheld, and without money what can be done. The greatest want the country has is, facility of communi- cation. The telegraph and the railway are thus, the most important works the government have in hand. But years will yet pass, before the proposed railway between Yedo and the Inland Sea ports is available; and we are anxious that the first section between Yedo and Yokohama should be com- plete, as well as that between Osaka and Kobé, that the authorities may see how greatly they will be used, and how money will be circulated thereby. We are quite content that the Military and Naval services of the Empire be placed and kept in an efficient conditions and that Japanese officers should study the art of war in Europe; but our warmest hope is that they may never be; called upon to apply the knowledge they attain, in real war- fare. Their motto should be “For Defence not Offence,” and it should apply as much to their relations to each other as to Foreign nations. Öſhe 3|lustrations. HOUGH the kindness of the Engineer to the Japanese Government we are enabled to afford our subscribers views of objects of great variety taken during an extensive tour from Yokohama through the Inland Sea, round Cape Chicha- koff, the most southern point of Nipon and the return to Yokohama along the Eastern Coast. The fine Steam-ship Thabor, the tender for the Lighthouses left Yokohama on the 23rd February with Mr. Brunton, on a visit of inspection to the Lighthouses already erected by him, and others in course of construction: and we were in- vited to accompany him. It is gratifying to record the progress of the lighting of the coast of Japan; because the progress is rapid, efficient, and, made with a liberality, that we fear is but scantily ap- preciated by foreigners. The Japanese Government, when, TIETE IET ALIE, IEE-A-ST- 3 compelled by treaties, they undertook to light the coast, could have had no idea of the vastness of the undertaking. It is most probable their ideas were confined to their own crude system; yet, when initiated into the present system they did not flinch, but have boldly continued and, no doubt, will con- tinue this onerous work until it be so complete that foreigners shall have no cause to indulge in their favorite amusement— cavilling ! Already, the path we travelled is lighted at its most essential points; and, ere another year be past, it will be as well indicated, and by first rate work, as that on any coast of Europe. The following are the points on which Lights exist and those on which Lighthouses are being constructed. Lightship in Yokohama harbour; and Lighthouse on Ka- nonsaki erected by French Engineers. SAGAMI.-A Lighthouse, offices and dwelling houses built of stone, and in a style that will endure for ages. A brilliant light flashes from its lantern every 10 seconds. The ma- chinery is of the 1st class, and time, with proper care, will not influence its efficiency. Rock Island.—A Tower 60 feet high built of stone, with a fixed Light of the 1st Order. The dwellings and offices are also solidly built of stone. Oosima LIGHTHouse.—Stone, with a Revolving Light that dazzles the eyes with its brightness every half minute. Srwo-Misaki.-A strongly framed Kiaki wooden tower 60 feet high. At present it is furnished with a temporary Light apparatus. The apparatus intended for it was lost in the Elleray. (See illustration, Page 7.) Osaka LIGHTHouse.—In course of construction at the mouth of the river—will be completed in about two months. HIogo LIGHTHouse.—An excellently built wooden tower 60 feet high, finished and will shortly show its light. Awap.JI.—Eastern entrance to Inland Sea—being construct- ed of granite. Isaki —In the Inland Sea, being constructed of granite. RockUREN.—Western entrance of the Inland Sea, being constructed of granite. Three stone beacons are being built on rocks in Simonoseki Straits. NAGAsAKI LIGHTHouse.—This is a wrought iron tower made by Japanese, but strengthened, etc., and lighted by the pre- sent engineer with a temporary light, which he will shortly replace by a light of the first order. SATA-No-MISAKI—Cape Chichakoff—the southernmost point of Japan. A strong wrought iron tower, made at Benten, is being erected on a Rock, distant about nine hundred feet from Cape Chichakoff. A pinnacle of rock about five hundred (500) feet from the Cape is intermediate. The Lighthouse keepers will communicate with their dwellings built on the Cape, by means of cages running on suspension wires— one from the cape to the pinnacle—the other from the pin- nacle to Satanomisaki—one hundred feet beneath the latter dash and roar the angry waves among the rocks. We should not like to cross these dreadful gulfs in this manner for fear our readers would be debarred from the pleasure of paying their subscriptions. This will be an interesting work when completed. On Cape Chichakoff there is already a temporary light. We have made mention of several temporary lights. The word temporary may convey an idea of inefficiency or feeble- ness. It is not so; for this temporary Cape Chichakoff light can be seen from an island 25 miles distant, and many of the inhabitants of the island, during the holidays, made a voyage to Chichakoff to satisfy their curiosity concerning it. From the above list of works it is seen that our preliminary remarks were apposite. Hitherto no tax on foreign shipping balances a per centage on the expenditure incurred. We think justice is not satisfied in this case and that a tax should be levied proportionately as these works progress. In 1872 the treaties are to be revised. Then, of course, the dues from foreign shipping will have consideration. Let us hope a fair consideration; not arbitrarily following the amounts levied per ton in Europe, but upon the reasons upon which the tonnage dues are founded. The fair claim we conceive should be sufficient for a moderate per centage on the money expended, and sufficient to pay the current ex- penses of the lighthouse establishment. The exact ratio might be impossible to arrive at, but commerce does not vary so greatly yearly as to cause much error. Now, suppose, say a penny a ton would meet the requirements in England, it does not follow that a penny per ton would do so with the trivial Japanese commerce. The requirements are the same. There fore, if to meet those requirements a greater tax or due, be necessary, that greater tax should be levied; and if the levy be reasonable, we do not think it would be resisted either by the Shipping interest, or by foreign governments. THE ISHI-HASHI, OOSIMA. T OOSIMA, these is an extraordinary line of rocks, stretching about halfway across the Eastern entrance of the harbour, and forming an excellent natural breakwater. It is called the Ishi-hashi, or stone bridge. Just behind it is the favourite anchorage for wind-bound junks which seek refuge here. Of Oosima itself we gave a short account, with a view of its lighthouse, in our last. THE BAR, OSAKA. SAKA has always been considered by the Japanese, as the chief commercial port of the Empire. It is situate on a river about three miles from the bay. The view is taken from Temposan Fort, near the mouth of the river. Though all seems tranquil, the view embraces a bar that when the wind blows hard is impassable. Even with a moderate wind from seaward, the passage is highly dangerous, particularly in European boats; their keels strike the ground, they heel over, # with water and there is no escape for the luckless voyager, even though he be a good swimmer; for the boiling, raging surf would almost drown a fish. It was on this bar that Admiral Bell, with his flag Lieutenant and eleven seamen of the U.S. Navy met their deaths in the year 1868, and, no doubt thousands of Japanese have passed from life unrecord- ed, through this gate of Death. Frequent efforts have been used to remove the Bar, but unsuccessfully. Now energetic measures are being taken to make a channel across it; and two dredging machines with an infinite number of small boats are at work upon it. A Lighthouse is in course of construction in the fort at the mouth of the river and we hear will be completed and lighted in about two months from this date. "nºrwwwww.N. ºtrom-aqwoH ao ſriawaer, | – （ ， .· |||L| … №.|-|×|- |- · |（~~ |- （， ） |- |- *： „Sºrrº， º Tº”. Er ſºn （ECJ） TETE IFA E. E.A.ST. Koshi-Moto, OosſMA. those resources, to an extent never dreamed of by the wildest dreamers in either nation. Peculiarly the growth of peace are all these developements. Indeed without peace they can- not flourish. We come to the east, bringing as it were peace in our hands; but strangely enough both of the sovereigns to whose territories we thus come immediately make themselves ready to battle. In China, to this day they will have none of the western appliances which of all others are most cal- culated to benefit them and strengthen the government. They will not have telegraphs or railways, by which rapid intelli- gence could always be received by, and orders be transmitted from, the government; but they go on drilling their soldiers and making or purchasing arms; all of which is calculated to impart to them a false confidence, and lead them on to their ruin. They will, trusting in their military strength, again commit some such act as that they have so easily got over at Tientsin, and then they will have to be once more dealt with by fire and sword. In Japan they are wiser. They do not neglect their drill- ing. They continue to train their army in the best manner they can, under the superintendence and the tuition of Euro- pean officers. But they are paying attention, at the same time, to the arts of peace. In the public works of which all newspapers in this country have spoken so much of late, we have a most excellent guarantee of peace. The government would not spend all the money they are laying out in Yoko- hama and its neighbourhood, if they had the faintest idea of foreigners being made objects of attack there. They would not push forward the railway works, if they were apprehen- sive of civil commotion, during which these would be certain of destruction. Nor would they make the first lines from the two foreign settlements of Hiogo and Yokohama to the cities of Osaka and Yedo, respectively, if they were not fully satis- fied that the traffic on these two lines would be large and permanent. Further they would not allow such an establish- ment as the Mint to be under foreign superintendence, were they not well assured that there is no probability of its treasure acting too strongly on the cupidity of their armed men. In fact, all that has been done lately in Japan tends to impart confidence. It is only in Commercial matters now that any cause for discontent prevails. In China there is at least this advantage, that the people are essentially traders. There is plenty of combination among them, no doubt; and such as to act very prejudicially on cer- tain articles from time to time; but the field is so much larger in China than in Japan, that there is always a market more or less, for all kinds of goods. It is not so in Japan- The monopolies fostered by the government, and private as- sociations of merchants and shopkeepers, are a heavy incubus on trade; and one that can hardly be overcome until the rail- way and telegraph are complete. Then we may hope to see competition increase sufficiently to enable foreign merchants to sell their goods to better advantage, and, not being confin- ed to one narrow circle, to buy on a better system than at present. In other columrº, we give a short account of the opening of the Mint at Osaka. It must be a work of time before the new coinage becomes circulated throughout all the provinces of "masoxox18 *：DS"vººr ºcvrae taet, ſraetºrſ， tº A （E ººr:_A_Sºrº. - Hiogo, ſºow. THE HAToba, TIEEE E'_A_E, IELA-ST- 7 AT SIMONoSEKI. enthusiastically, and was followed by “All Sovereigns and Rulers of Powers in alliance with Japan.” To this Sir Harry Parkes replied:— Your Excellencies—In rising, in the mame of my colleagues and the other national re- presentatives present, to thank you for having drunk to the health of the Sovereigns and Rulers of our respective countries, I feel I should endeavour to acknowledge not only the courtesy which has prompted that toast, but also the generous and friendly feelings of which this entertainment affords a signal proof. I feel that my colleagues and the other gentlemen in whose names I speak will expect me to assure Your Excellencies that we fully appreciate the high motives which induced the Mikado's Government to undertake this important and most useful work, and that we heartily congratulate Your Excellencies on its accomplishment. We do not omit to remember that this work was one of the earliest enterprises of the present administration; that in was undertaken in unsettled times, in the face of grave political difficulties, and that its execution has been impeded by various causes; some at- tributable doubtless to the position of the site and the distance from the seat of Govern- ment, while others were occasioned by accidents, such as fire on shore or disaster at sea, and were therefore unavoidable and beyond control. But when we see that the results before us have been achieved in little more than two years of labour, we cannot but be impressed with the earnestness which Your Excellencies' Goverment must have devoted to the task, and with the fidelity and ability with which you have been served by those Foreigners (cheers) who have been entrusted with these ser- vices, and who I am proud to know as countrymen of my own. We trust that this success will encourage Your Excellencies' Government to persevere steadily in that course of progress, and in that desire to work in cordial and common ac- cord with Foreign Powers, which we cannot doubt you have adopted when we observe the attention Your Excellencies' Government is devoti' g to public works of the most useful and practical kind, and in which the assistance of Foreign skill is largely and willingly engaged. May we not see in the purity and excellent workmanship of this coin-(display- ing a New Dollar)—the product of one of those works, a symbol of that honesty of resolve and thoroughness of action which we trust will ever characterize the Government of the sovereign of this Realm 1 May we not hope that in obtaining a wide circulatiºn, not only in Japan, but it may be in neighbouring countries also, the currency will ever carry with it the confident assurance that the Mikado's Emblems, the use of which is now revived, are an undoubted guarantee of the intrinsic worth, and that the policy of His Majesty's Go- vernment may ever be as distinguished by the ring of the true metal-(ringing the dollar) —as that which is so sterling a recommendation of the new coin!-(Lond applause.) The President then proposed. “The Foreign Ministers,” M. Outrey replied and proposed “Their Excellencies, the Ministers of the Mikalo." Major Kinder, the Director of the Imperial Mint, returned thanks. H. E. Senor Rodrigues Munoz here made a most enthusiastic speech and proposed the health of the “Ladies," evidently performing his self-allotted duty con anore. Mr. De Long, rising, called attention to the significant fact that they had met almost un- der the shadow of a building which symbolized, as it were, the era which was passing away. The cannon whose thunders they had heard reverberate from those old walls had seemed to him as if they were remonstrating against the innovations we are witnessing. look at the change which had come over the ancient mobility of Japan, whose representa- tives we see around us. See them shaking hands with foreigners of every condition—hob- nobbing, as I may say, with them. I care not by what foreign influence the work of im- provement is done. I want to see this nation advance, and glory to him who leads it the furthest. I beg you will drink to the healths of the President of this Meeting, and of the other Japanese Ministers. Okuma-san-ji, having delivered a few appropriate remarks through the medimm of an interpreter, luded by proposi --- to cial intercourse between Japan and Foreign Countries. Mr. Gay being called upon to reply, said he had much pleasure in responding to the sentiment which had just been uttered. The proceedings now over, an adjournment took place to the river front where an immense crowd had assembled, to witness a display of fireworks. It was a novel idea to foreigners to see these by day. But they were of a kind well worth seeing under proper circumstances. They were in devices, and some of the latter which were proved by the decline of daylight, were really good. But the happy day was not to pass off without accident. Late in the evening, a fire broke out in some houses opposite to the mint on the other side of the river, which were quickly destroyed. The next day was a holiday in Osaka, aud, the people were admitted to see the building and the works. Crowls in Japan are not different from elsewhere. The immense pressure on the gates, burst them open before the time, and several persons fell as they gave way and were severely trampled upon and hurt. It is even feared that some were fatally injured. In conclusion, we can but express the hope that this noble institution may be to the Japanese nation, all that is expected. In its establishment, they have shown an intelligence beyond that of any other people in the Far East, and their enterprise desires success. Öhe period. N interesting letter has appeared in the Japan Gazette on the treat- ment of the Native Christians, banished from Ki 'siu. It purports to have been written by a gentleman who recently had an opportunity of visiting the interior, and accidentally discovered that he was in the immediate neighbourhood of a number of these poor exiles. The follow- ing extracts will prove of interest:- “On board the same steamer which bore me to the South, was a young man who had been in Japanese employ, on the West coast of Japan, where he saw the cruel treatment to which the Christians there are subjected. But as the substance of what he saw has already in some of B TELE EAE E.A.ST. the Yokohama papers, I will not renarrate it. I will only say!that, on one occasion, immediately after I had learned from his lips how the Christians were poorly fed, unclad and imprisoned among beggars I fell into conversation with a Japanese fellow-passenger of some rank, who as- sured me, very emphatically, that the Christians were all treated most kindly, were well fed, clothed, and furnished with employment by which they could support their undivided families. I could not disprove what this Japanese said, but preferred to believe the consistent story of my fellow foreigner who was an eye-witness of what he related. At length I reached my destination, and met officers of rank, one of whom in- formed me that he had control, under the Mikado's government, of the exiles. He praised their good conduct and constancy; saying that one man did the work of two men daily, and that but few could be prevailed on to recant." He gave their number as between five and six hundred : - - - - - At length the day for visiting the sea coast where the Christians were said to be confined came round, and late in the morning, surrounded by guards and officials whose dignified pace no efforts of mine could ac- celerate, we set out. - - - - - Next morning before the principal officials were awake perhaps, I left the house to shun the guards and see and learn all I could. I had not gone far, however, till two common soldiers came running and offering to ac- company me. I told them to return, which they did; but soon came again with two household servants who seemed to be honest men with nothing to conceal ; and when we asked them about the Christians, they told us that they wºre in the town through which we were then walking, They said nothing, and seemed to know nothing of others in the distant villages. Except that a few who had recanted were allowed to labour along with criminals, in the construction of salt works, with an iron ring round the neck. I asked to be led to the place where those in the town were confined, and the guards led the way to a large house situated in a low rt of the town and surrounded by a number of small mean houses #. the walls of which the mud had fallen off, leaving the bamboo and reed lathing bare and weather beaten. On the outside of these huts again was a ditch and a street. On walking, as far as I could go, around the compound, I saw that the huts were occupied by miserable looking people whom I found to be the poor of the place, beggars who were fed there at the public expense. e beggars children collected in full in view to gaze at a foreigner. I approached as near as possible to get a good view of the large building in the centre, in which the Christians were said to be confined. It had been a large stable for Daimio's horses, on state occasions, such as may be seen in some parts of Yedo. This building was one with two wings, and a central portion, I could not go all around the compound, hence only one wing of this stable was visible from the accessible side; but I have every reason to believe, that the other wing was the counterpart, in all respects, of the one I saw. I could see clearly both the front and rear of one wing and could see that all the doors were fast closed up and the long windows too were shut, half-inch boards were nailed on so as to shut out the light. By counting I found that the length of the one wing was about sixteen ken; so that the length of both wings and the central part would be about forty ken; or two hundred and forty feet. An ordinary Japanese Jail is commonly built with upright posts, having intervals been them, so as to admit abundance of light and air, but here both appear to be shut out. This closing up of the windows and doors would protect the inmates from the cold, but the Japanese accompanying me said that many had died of the cold during the last winter notwithstanding; their clothing being scan- $y, most probably what they brought with them when banished. Speak- irº of a number having died thus, led me to ask where they were buried, and I was told the name of the temple, and we set out forthwith to visit it, to learn approximately, at least, the extent of the mortality by count- ing the graves. But on the way to the temple the guards took the aları. or recollected themselves, and told me that I could not be admitted to the burial grounds. They added that the dead were buried temporarily (kari iké) i.e. without religious forms—that no memorial could be erect, ed till the general government gave permission, that I could not ascer- tain the names of the dead, &c. - * + - - When I returned to my quarters, I found the official who had charge of the Christians awaiting my return. I told him that I had found the place where they were confined. He seemed annoyed; and when I asked to be admitted to see them he only answered by a wave of his hand be- before his face; as must as to say emphatically--no. I then asked if per- mission could be gained from the chief officer of the country. He answer- ed in the same manner, and added that permission to enter could only be obtained from the general government. He then informed me that only a few were confined in the house described above. This statement of his may be true. No one could look through the walls or windows to see whether there were few or many. There may be only a few because the rest have died during the long and severe confinement and of cold. And as to those in other places their condition may be no better than that of those confined in the stable. . This was about the last conversation held with the officials before returning to the place. The impression left on my mind is that the general government intends to exterminate them as their ancestors were exterminated more than two hundred years ago. If rything is to be done for them it should he done speedily.” GENERAL meeting of gentlemen connected with the silk trade in Japan, was held in the Chamber of Commerce Rooms on Friday 14th inst., Mr. Wander Tak, Chairman of the Chamber, presiding. The object of the meeting was to consider the subject of the deterioration in quality of Japanese silk, which has of late been so carelessly, and so badly made up, that the demand for it in the European markets has almost stopped. It was resolved that an appeal should be made to the silk producers based on suggestions read to the meeting by Mr. Jaquemot, and a Committee was appointed to draw up the document. It will then be presented to another General Meeting, and if approved, the interest of the foreign representatives will be sought, to get the document property circulated through the instrumentality of the Japanese Ministers: It is to be hoped the appeal from the foreign mer. chants to the producers may yield fruit, and that the carelessness and dishonesty of the past few years may cease. A Th; Yokohama Rifle Association has held its annual meeting. It is in a healthy condition, and will commence the season with even more than the ordinary spirit. HE Burlesque “Black Eyed Susan,” is to be played at the Gaiety Theatre, on the 19th instant. It is the best thing the Amateurs have yet done, and is sure to command a good house. A FIRE which led to the destruction of four houses, broke out on No. 71, Main Street, on Tuesday the 18th instant. The flames were first observed issuing from the premises of Mendleson Bros., but the origin of the outbreak is not known. Fº Nagasaki we hear that the Japanese have for the first time, com- menced the punishment of hanging in the case of criminals con- demned to death. It is considered a more disgraceful death than decapi- tation. Th; steamer Yangtsze has been totally lost, a short distance from Na- gasaki. She struck on a reef at Ikisima, and all efforts to save her proved fruitless. Some of her cargo was removed, but only a small quantity—and it has been sold by auction at Nagasaki. APTAIN McCrea, of the U. S. Navy, has undertaken to surve INorthern Channel, from Bush Island to Shaweishan, in the tsze Kiang. The distance is about 38 miles. HE ship Andromeda, from Shanghai to Hongkong, was lost on Fish- er's Island, Pescadores, on the 21st February, and it is expected has become a total wreck. A mate and 16 of the crew landed safely at Tai- war"oo, Formosa, but nothing has been heard of the captain and the rest of the hands, who when last seen were trying to land on one of the Pescadores, the ang- TIS rumoured that the 1st Batt. 10th Regiment will leave this in July next, but their destination is uncertain. They will be replaced by 1,200 of the Royal Marines. HE Kobé papers report that Mr. T. Waters, late engineer at the Osaka Mint, has received an appointment as Consulting Engineer to the Government with a salary of $10,000 per aunum. PROPOSAL has been made to get up an association to encourage horticulture, floriculture, and agriculture in Japan, by holding periodical competition exhibitions, to which all—Japanese and foreigners —should be invited to contribute. HE libel case STRAUss v. HoweLL, has been tried this week, before Mr. Hannen, the Assistant Judge of H. B. M. Supreme Court, here, but the decision is not yet given. JAPANESE MEMORANDA. T is said that Prince Satsuma has betrothed his sister to the young Tokugawa Prince Kamenoske, who was placed by the Mikado at the head of his house, on the deposition of of the Tycoon in 1868. HIMADZU Saburo the father and principal retainer of Prince Sat- suma is daily expected in Yedo, to take an active part in tie govern- ment; the difference between Satsuma, and the government having been made up, and the Mikado having called him to his counsels. HE government is establishing a Postal Service, and a trial is to be T commenced immediately on the Tokaido, the high road between Yedo, Osaka and Kioto. Printed and published for the proprietor, by JAMES_R. ANGLIN, at the “jAPAN GAZETTE" Printing Office, No. 87, Main Street Yokohama, Japan. TIEEE E'_A_B IFE.A.ST- 3 directions are surpassingly fine. It is built at the foot and on the side of hills of very steep ascent; varied in their shapos, and rendered picturesque by the buildings, grave-yards, groves and mountain streams which are their conspicuous objects. Canals run through some of the wards of districts, bridged over with the ordinary wooden bridges common to the country, and covered with innumerable boats. The houses and warehouses are built to the waters' edge, some even over- hanging the stream. The view on page 1 is taken from the foreign settlement, just opposite to Desima the site of the old Dutch Factory. THE GROUP. Th; three figures on page 2 belong to the respectable tradesmen class in Yokohama. To the left is a little man whose features will be recognised by all old residents of Yokohama. He is Bunkichi, the well known Japanese tailor in Homura, whose shop used to be on the border of the Canal, nearly opposite the Yokohama Ironworks, formerly the lot adjoining the residence of the British Consul. The lad next to him is his son; and the old gentleman to the right is another tradesman his okii tomodachi (great friend.) They are all in their ordinary street costume. This sh'tateya (tailor) is one of the oldest attendants on foreigners; and is sent to by almost all ladies who require workmen to attend at their own houses to make up garments, or otherwise assist in the hundred and one different ways in which the personal adorn- ment of either gender is aided by dress. The little man rare- ly works himself at the needle, but he must have feathered his nest comfortably by the long steady-going trade he has been doing. His old shop is now pulled down, and all the other edifices in the same row are either removed or in process of removal to allow of the widening of the Canal, which has al- ready commenced there. All the householders of Iſomura within a certain distance of the Canal, have received orders to clear out by the end of July, as the land is to be sold to for- eigners. There is plenty of new ground being made for their reception, and so Yokohama keeps increasing. THE MINT, OSAKA. MONG the many good things that have been suggested to the Japanese by foreigners, and undertaken as re- productive public works, principally by means of foreign money, the Mint is one of the most important. It was talked of and promised years ago by the Tycoon's government, and we were led to expect its completion first in 1867 and then in 1868. We were informed that the machinery had been purchased in Prussia, and that it was very beautiful. But at the dates at which it was promised there were no signs either of the buildors or of the machinery. Then came the civil war in 1868, the upsetting of the Tycoonal rule, the pernicious tampering with the coinage, and the enforced currency of paper money ; the consequent disturbance of commerce, and finally the complaints of both Japanese aud foreigners. The latter managed to make themselves heard. One meeting in particular led to a most extraordinary result. A majority of the Chamber of Commerce adopted certain resolutions, which Were opposed by a very small minority. The latter, however, included the manager of the Oriental Bank in Yokohama. and he was a man who had warned the government on more than one occasion of the impolicy of their monetary muddling. He stood out against any unjust demands being made by foreigners on the Japanese, and the views of the minority ulti- mately prevailed. But in order to set the currency of the country on an improved basis, the foreign ministers, and particularly the English Minister, urged the necessity of carrying out new mintal arrangements, and by the assistance of the Oriental Bank, the fine minting machinery which had proved quite profitless in Hongkong, was purchased and trans- ferred to Osaka. The splendid building—by far the finest in Japan—which was built for its reception, was superintended by Mr. Waters, who had formerly erected some large and im- portant workshops and machinery at Ragosima, for Prince Satsuma. The picture gives a better idea of the exterior than any description we could offer. It is alike creditable to Mr. Waters and to his employers, the Japanese government. A description of the opening was given by us in our last; but as yet no public issue has commenced. The machinery is calculated to turn out $40,000 dollars and $160,000 subsidiary coins a day. THE IRON BRIDGE, OSAKA. N our issue of the 1st February, we gave an illustration of the first Iron Bridge erected in Japan—the Yoshida Bridge, Yokohama. The bridge at Osaka, which forms the subject of the picture on page 5 to-day was the second; and is a much lighter and more elegant structure. It was only opened for traffic some two or three months back. Both of these Osaka pictures were taken by a Japanese artist. YOKOSKA DOCK. UESDAY, the 28th March, was a gala day at Yokoska; an inlet about twelve miles from Yokohama which has been availed of to construct a noble Naval Dock and Arsenal. In our issue of the 1st April, we gave an account of the cere- monies at the opening of the Dry Dock, and a mote on the cost of the Arsenal. We need not therefore repeat what has already been fully described by us so recently. A photo- graph of the Dock, as it appeared when the water was being let into it to float the steamer which had been repaired in it, and whose exit was to complete the ceremony of opening, may interest our readers. Our photographer went down with the intention of taking a series of views of the locality and the Dockyard; but first through a misunderstanding of instructions, and then through the hindrances of the weather, nothing could be done worthy of presenting to our readers. He will seize an early opportunity of revisiting the spot, when we hope to be able to obtain such a series, as will give a good idea of all the works, and the beauty of the inlet in which they have been erected. JAPANESE MEMORANDA. T is contradicted that the daughter of Prince Satsuma has been betrothed to the Tokugawa Prince Kamenoski. HE Government have commenced a Postal system, which is to spread all over the country, after the manner of other nations. At present "www.so ºutry， naer, ºst,Sv. №， ºſvrae ſºtaer, ; : G TIEEE E'_AIR. E.A.ST. it is being tried on the Tokaido, the high road between Kioto, Osaka and Yedo. The rates of postage are not very dissimilar to those charged in England before the introduction of the uniform postage. Wr learn that 5 or 6,000 Satsuma troops are now under orders to proceed to Yedo, to increase the already large force that Prince has at the capital. The reinforcement, which will embark at Kagosima during the next fourteen days, is sent in consequence of the chance of settling, without recourse to arms, the differences which exist between him and the Prince of Chosiu becoming very remote indeed. This feud which commenced at the time Satsuma withdrew his troops from Yedo, has been continued very bitterly ever since; and time only widens it. Our informant states that native officials, who have the means of ascertaining, are of the opinion that the dispute can only be terminated by a trial of strength, and that this will take place during the coming summer. The strong feeling in favour ºf restoring the Tycoon which exists not only in Satsuma, but in other places; is much increased by the manner in which many of the officers of the late government have been treated by their successors—a circumstance which is much to be regretted al" though the general feeling is, that any demons' ration made to support this feeling would only result in an ignominious defeat.—Nagasaki Express. IVE Satsuma men have recently been executed here for the crime of burglary. The sentence was carried out by decapitation in the usual manner, and not by the recently adopted method of hanging.—Idem. HE Japanese government have requested Mr. Benson the Municipal Director, to obtain for them a census of the foreign residents in Yokohama. - - - (The period. OLONEL Shepard, the U. S. Consul for Yedo, has entered on his duties as Acting Consul for Yokohama. Tº 1st Batt. H. M. 10th Regiment will leave this in a few weeks. Their destination is Hongkong and Singapore. They will be re- placed by Royal Marines. ON the evening of 20th April, the Amateur Dramatic Corps gave a per- formance at thc Gaiety. Theatre, consisting of the farce of “A Cup of Tea,” and the burlesque “Black eyed Susan.” The house was a bum- per, and the performance tolerably successful. N the libel case, STrAUss v. Howell, judgment was given against the defendant for $600 including costs. The plaintiff's counsel has handed over to the treasurer of the Yokohama General Hospital the sum of $107, on behalf of Mr. Strauss, being the balance of the $600 after paying Court fees and plaintiff's law expenses. A GENERAL meeting of the subscribers and shareholders of the Bluff Public garden was held on Tuesday last, in the Chamber of Com- mence room, Mr. E. S. Benson presiding, and Mr. Amold acting as se- cretary. The garden was reported to be about $350 in debt; and a letter from Mr. W. H. Smith was read, offering to guarantee the expenses of the gardens for the season to the extent of $100 a month; but refusing tº take any part in the management, leaving that entirely in the hands of the Committee. After a lengthy discussion Mr. Smith's offer was neither accepted or rejected, but a resulution was passed that the Com- mittee in connection with Mr. Smith, should carry on the garden for an- other six months, if they can do so without increasing the debt; failing which, another general meeting to be called. It is sincerely to be desired that the gardens shall be made self supporting, and we do not at all see why they should not. A flower show in connection with the garden is to take place on the 16th inst, at which Japanese are to be encouraged by prizes to exhibit. HE P. M. S. S. Co.'s Steamer China arrived on the 24th ult; with telegrams to the 31st March. The news from France of the civil disturbances is very sad; and there is little in the way of commercial intelligence that is cheering. But the details of the wedding of Princess Louise and the Marquis of Lorne are interesting ; and their countrymen in the Far East are not behind their friends at home, in wishing them health, happiness and long life. The English Mail of the 12th March is since to hand, with telegrams to 10th April. BY the China a 'small troupe of Actors and Singers travelling under the title of “The Eureka Variety Troupe" arrived in Yokohama. They gave their first performance at the Gaiety Threatre on the evening of the 26th inst., to a good audience who by their constant applause shewed their satisfaction with the entertainment. HE U. S. men-of-war Alaska and Benicia left on the 24th April for Nagasaki to join the expedition that is about to proceed under Admiral Rodgers to the Corea. The object of the expedition is to make a treaty if possible, and at any rate to obtain some explanation or satisfac. tion for the murder of some American seamen. ſIVHE British Legation will most probably be removed to Yedo, on the departure of His Excellency Sir Harry Parkes, who is about visiting England on leave. By the time of his return, the requisite buildings will be completed in Yedo. Mr. Adams, H. M. secretary of Legation, who will act as Chargé d'affaires during the absence of Sir Harry, always resides in Yedo. So that we may look on the glory of the British Lega- tion buildings Yokohama, as departed. THE Lightship for Hakodadi, was launched on Saturday the 22nd April, after two unsuccessful attempts on the preceding days. She is to hold her own nnder the title of the Kaisho Maru. She was built at the yard of the Lighthouse department at Benten at a cost of about $15,000. She measures about 130 tons. She is to be moored off the harbour of Hakodate, and will shew a white light, visible some ten miles. The Thabor will probably tow her up to her destination in the course of a couple of months or thereabouts. A” accident that might have been attended with very serious conse. quences occurred on the 23rd April to Mr. Brennwald, the Swiss Consul General. He was discharging a breech-loading rifle, when the breech flew open, and the charge exploded, injuring him severely in the face. The sight of one of his eyes was thought to be endangered. but that misfortune is not now apprehended. It is not even feared that there will be any permanent disfigurement. Fº Nagasaki we learn that the Mikado's government, desirous that all open ports shall be under the charge of a native Prince res- ponsible for the safety of the foreign residents, has placed Nagasaki under the protection of the Prince of Higo. A new governor has been installed, who is one of Higo's high officers, and by this time, in all probability, the soldiers of that clan, 500 of whom had already arrived, are in full occupation of the guard houses throughout the district. The Nagasaki Gazette is of opinion that, although some apprehend trouble in conse- quence of the jealousy of another clan, there is no real reason for anti- cipating any outbreak. Th E Magasaki Erpress reports that the Patent Slip and Engineering Factory at Akanora, have both been closed ; and the construction of the Dock on the other side of the harbour, which has been going on for some two years is stopped. It appears that some irregularities have been discovered among the native officials, anent which an investigation is now taking place in Yedo ; and that in consequence of these pecula- tions the Patent Slip and Factory have been found to be non-paying, The Express says:— “We should think the high scale of charges fixed for the use of the Patent Slip contri- butes as much as anything to prevent its being worked successfully; these charges some time ago were the means of causing several vessels, both foreign and native owned, to proceed to Hongkong, &c., for repairs, which could be effected at about half what they TIEHE E'_A_IF E.A.ST. 3 limbs any better than his intellect. The other three boys are, bright enºugh, and whilst the one who has the drum *ontents himself with beating it and chanting everything that the others are to do. They go through their performance as he directs them. The only reason for their being called “Shishi,” sº far as we can see, is, that one meaning of the word is “a lion,” and they always wear on their heads a red cloth to which is tacked a wooden mask inform of a lion's head. When they perform in dusty weather, or when they do certain exercises, they let the cloth fall over their faces. There is a class of beggars, grown up men, who go about from house to house with their heads eneased in an immense wooden lion's head. They are called Daikagura, and pretend to drive evil spirits away from the houses before which they present them- selves. They sometimes are accompanied by a man with a drum, but often are content to carry a small metal disc, which they strike with a short piece of iron, about four or five inches long, and thus call attention of the inmates of a house to their presence. The movement they occasionally make, which some would call a dance, goes by the name of Shishimai–the lion dance. They and the children however, are in no way con- nected. . The latter run before pedestrians in the street, with their “haiken, dana san, haiken.” (look, sir, look;) and then they begin wheeling away in front. If they can succeed in getting any one to stop and witness their performance, or if any one tells them to play for the amusement of children in front of a house, the lad with the drum comes up and they go through a variety of acrobatic feats principally shewing the suppleness of their bodies. It may be well supposed that their avocation does not permit of their being very clean in their appearance; but they seem to be taken care of, as every now and then, they come out with their clothes nice and clean, showing recent intimacy with the wash tub. They like Yo- kohama better than other places; because oftentimes a foreigner, taking pity on the little creatures, will pull out a uarter ichiboo, equal to 6d. or 7d., or at least a tempo—about Id, whilst a Japanese will give a copper cash of which about 4 or 6 go to a tempo. It is really hard to tell how they could earn their sustenance among their own people, but that it seems customary for all beggars to receive something, however small the amount, at every house they call. It is a very rare thing to see one sent away without any contribution, and at many houses, boards are kept hung up on the doorpost, with a number of pegs stuck in them, on each of which is placed a cash—a coin which, our readers are probably aware, has a square hole in the centre. The beggar then in passing, in- stead of stopping to beg can go and take one of these; and al- though we have often seen them thus helping themselves when none of the people of the house have been looking, we have never seen them take more than one; which, however, they have appropriated quite as a matter of course and in the most business like way, and then passed on to the next house. The Shishi do not generally go in for these contributions. They depend on the chance patronage of passers-by, and we can only suppose they find it pay. AT NAGASAKI. T is not yet thirteen years since Japan was still closed against foreigners, with the exception of the solitary rt of Nagasaki. The º with the United States made y Commodore Perry had led to the residence of a represen- tative of the Great Republic at the out of the way town of Simoda; but except at Nagasaki, there was not a foreign- built house in all Japan; and even there, were only a few of the ugliest structures that could be called by the name of houses, to represent the architectural talent of Europe. The natural position of Nagasaki, and everything that was con- nected with the aborigines, was as beautiful as it is to-day, as it has been for ages past, and will continue to be for ages to come; but this lovely spot although the one to which all of the very few foreign ships that visited Japan first resorted, only gave residence to a small number of employés of the Dutch Trading Company, on the artificially formed island of Desima; and the prim squareness and stiffnoss of their build- ings only served to heighten by contrast the rest of the scenery. But now how different. There is a foreign town to-day, which, lying side by side with the old native town, and creep- ing up the hill sides, (on which beautiful gardens on a scale unattempted by the Japanese, have been laid out, with hand- some villas dotting the undulating expanse,) presents a most agreeable aspect from the water; whilst the English Church, with its spire pointing to the skies, becomes the most sugges- tive object as it is one of the most striking in the scene. It was in Nagasaki that religious persecution found its centre. Pap- penberg is at the month of the harbour; and Shimabarra but a short distance off. And it was in Nagasaki, that last year and the year before last, men, women and children, having been torn from their homes in the district, were dispersed to live a life of slavery in divers territories, or to be sunk beneath the waves from the deck of a steamer. At this moment the fate of these poor creatures—whose only crime is (let the government say what it will) that they bear the name of Christians and refuse to bow down in the Sintoo and Buddhist º occupy- ing the attention of many foreigners in Japan. But the Church on the hill side, under the protection of the British Flag, offers a standing and permanent protest to the deeds of cruelty that are done in Japan in the name of religion. With our next number which will be the first of the second volume, we shall commence a short history of Shimabarra, from a very old native manuscript, which has never before been translated and published; and we have a series of pic- tures taken in the island of Kiusiu, which we are sure will prove attractive to our subscribers. SHI-TENWOJI, OSAKA. NE of the lions of Osaka is the Temple of Shi-Tenwoji, with its fine Pagoda. Few visitors to this great commer- cial city fail to pay it a visit: and as the best route from the foreign settlement takes a direct line by the castle “two birds can be killed with one stone,” or two of the most interesting historical structures in Japan can be visited in one walk. The large area of buildings connected with Tenwºji occupy quite an important space in this great city. The distance from the foreign settlement to the castle is about two, and a half miles, and it may be as much more to Ten woji; but the walk is the more interesting from the fact that the most reliable native chronicles give to the portion of the city traversed, an antiquity dating as far back as A. D. 593; a period at which the national history of some modern nations had hardly com- menced. The road for over a mile before the Pagoda is reach- ed, is one mass of Temples and grave-yards. In an early number we shall give a panoramic view of the whole |...} and therewith a more detailed history of it, which will add materially to its interest. The meaning of the name is “The temple of the four Kings of Heaven.” The view on Page 5 is taken from the southern entrance. THE ENGINEERING FACTORY AT AKENOURA, NAGASAKI. HIS establishment, which has been long at work under the Superintendence of Dutch Engineers, is at this mo- ment closed under circumstances related in our last. It is a pity, for it was calculated to be one of the most useful repro- ductive works in the country; but it has been conducted in a foolish monopolizing spirit, and of course cannot stand its ground against the competition of the Hongkong, Shanghai and other private yards. The immediate cause of its stoppage, however, is the peculation of its native employés, which is now the subject of a government enquiry. ºr（EETTE， TEȚI ALTER, TEĽA ST. THE PAGODA AT SHI TENwoJI, OSAKA. E. TEIE E'_AIE EAST. 2.—TROTTING RACE. For all Ponies. Weight 11st. 7-lbs. Entrance $5. Three miles. No Race 3.-CHAMPION STAKES. For all Winners at the Meeting; optional alsº to beatenponies. To be handicapped at the close of the 2nd day. Entrance $10 for each race won; (compulsory.) Non-starters to pay a fine of $5. One mile and a quarter. - Will o' the Wisp.............. ------------ --------- ------------------ ..1 Moctezuma.......... Southern Cross............... 4–SCURRY SWEEPSTAKES. Of $5 each with $25 from the Fund. For all ponies. China Ponies 11st. Japan Ponies 10st. Quarter of a mile. Southern Cross....... ------------------- “........................ 1 Hard Lines... 2 Breter.................. ------- -- 3 5.—THE HUNT CUP. (If Practicable.) Presented. For all Ponies. Over a course selected by the Stewards. Winner of first day's Steeple Chase’excluded. Weight 11st. 7-lbs. Antelope............................................ FAREWELL Ball to Sir Harry and Lady Parkes is to be given by the community, at the British Consulate, on the 19th instant. WITHE long expected Organ for the English Episcopal Church at Yoko- hama, has arrived from Hongkong in the P. & O. steamer Madras. We suppose in about 6 weeks it will be put up and in complete working order in the Church. panese Memoranda. Dºğ the past fortnight, rumour has been more than ordinarily busy, for there has certainly been a good deal of movement among troops Ja punishing any of their subjects who may be convicted of wantonly damaging Eastern temples, or behaving in an unbecoming manner towards natives while engaged in their devotions. If the Japanese persist in continuing to act in the manner they have done during the past eighteen months, it is the duty of the Foreign Representatives at Yedo to enter a protest against it, which they could easily enforce by suspending the working of the powers given to them by their governments; as they are a great injustice to Europeans and Americans, if the native authorities are permitted to insult them with impunity.” SHANGHAI. HE U.S. Minister to the Court of Peking is to proceed to Corea, escorted by a strong squadron, under the command of Admiral Rodgers, U.S.N., to negotiate a treaty, and to obtain information about some missing American seamen, wrecked on the coast of the Peninsula. HE Chinese authorities in Shanghai, have issued stringent proclama- tions forbidding their countrymen taking tickets in foreign lotteries. PROCLAMATION has also been issued by the Taotai, forbidding women visiting temples to burn incense. The North China Herald says: “We print, elsewhere, a translation of a proclamation by the Taotai, forbidding women going to the temples to burn incense &c., and having especial reference to the festival at the Lung-hwa pagoda during the ird moon. The proclamation is a mºre farce. It is neither expected nor intended to have any effect. Women will go to the pagoda just as if the prohibition had not been issued, and probably the Taotais wife and daughters (if he has any) will go also-so will the wives of all the Shanghai officials. Our readers will remember that, about two years ago, Ting Footai issued a proclamation prohibiting idol processions. That proclamation was still hanging on the city walls when a monster procession took place. The fact is that, such things being fºrbidden by law, the officials are compelled now and then to go through the form of issuing a proclamation on the subject. Chinese generally disapprove of women going to the temples, considering it immodest and dangerous. Reports are frequently got up about the priests having criminal inter- course with their female devotes. Last year, after the pagoda festival, reports of this kind were in everybody's mouth, and assumed such a positive shape that it was said the Taotai had instituted formal inquiries, which proved that they were false. They were probably spread by some opponent of Buddhism, or by some one who wished to restrain his own women from going.” HE following is also from the N. C. Herald:— “Some excitement was caused yesterday by a repor: that a member of the Portuguese community had shot another, in a dispute arising out of some personal differences. It appears that Mr. L. A. Xavier, finding some scurrilous verses in circulation which contained matter of a libellous and offensive character affecting himself and friends, endeavoured to trace the authorship, and from evidence he was able to obtain, felt justified in concluding that Mr. A. A. E. da Silva was concerned with the in Yedo, or destined for the city. At one time it was said that fighting has actually commenced between the troops of the leading daimois, but we don't believe it. HE Prince of Arima, one of the Southern nobles has got into dis- grace, through a number of men from other clans, said to be ronins, having found an asylum in his yashiki. HE body of the Hirosawa Sanji, the member of the Mikado's Council, who was basely assassinated some two months ago, has received honourable sepulture in the Tycoon's burial ground at Shiba, Yedo, and a handsome stone has been raised to his memory. It is said that the government dare not carry out the law on his murderer. OOLISH reports are constantly reaching us to the effect that the Mikado has left Yedo. It is not so. One of the foreign Ministers had an audience of him only a few days ago; and we are informed that he frequently moves about the city with only a few followers. HE Mint at Osaka has received a large quantity of bullion to convert into coin; but as yet no issue has taken place. HE betrothal of the daughter of Prince Satsuma and Kamenoski the young Tokugawa chief, was to have taken place on the 9th instant, at Simpo in Tsuruga; we have not heard whether it came off, or whether there were to be any special ceremonies in consequence. HE Magasaki Erpress has the following most unpalatable piece of intelligence :— “The barbarous custom the Japanese have of trampling on the cross has been very recently observed in Higo, in which province we learn that an edict has been posted, informing the peasantry and certain other classes that they will, in future, be periodically required to perform this ceremony, or in default of doing so incur severe punishment. There can be little doubt that these demonstrations are intended solely to render foreigners, irrespective of creed, or nationality, contemptible in the eyes of even the meanest native; and as many of the persons who are compelled to take part in this act are exceedingly ignorant, nothing is more likely to raise a fanatical spirit among them. This appears to be the chief aim of the priests, who since the deportation of the native Christians from Urakami, have spared no efforts to attain their desired ends. As the priests and officials by working on the credulity of the people caused the outrages at Tientsin, we think, we have good reason to complain of such proceedings, which to say the least, is fraught with danger, as some of the people who are now appointed to guard this port are our protectors at the present time; but will have to go through the course of insulting our religion at another time. It is surprising that the Japanese should take up a position so inimical to foreigners, especially as the Treaty Powers have made provisions for ublication. The proof, however, was insufficient to fix the charge at aw, but Mr. Xavier was so satisfied of the correctnoss of his suspicion that he determined to take the law into his own hands, and inflict what he deemed merited punishment. Meeting Mr. da Silva in the Pekin Road, on Wednesday, he accordingly accused him of the authorship o the libel, and struck him a number of blows on the face with a horsewhip. Mr. V. P. Fonseca, who was also an aggrieved party by the verses to, was with Mr. Xavier at the time, and both were summoned; at the instance of Mr. da Silva, before the Portuguese Consul, on the charge of assault. The charge was heard yesterday morning, when Mr. Xavier was fined $1, and the case against Mr. Fonseca dismissed. The pºrties left the Court, and when they reached the Bund, close to the Club, Mr. Fonseca asked Mr. da Silva for an apology on his own account; and presented to him a written paper which he required him to sign. Mr. da Silva refused to do this, and Mr. Fonseca, saying he must take his satisfaction as Mr. Xavier had done, assaulted him with a horsewhip oil. the face. Mr. da Silva immediately drew a Deane and Adam's revolver, and fired five shots at his assailant at a couple of yards distance, hitting him with all except one, which missed fire. Fortunately the explosive material was weak, and though one of the bullets took effect in Mr. Fonseca's arm so severely that its extraction was difficult, and another entered the upper part of his left breast about a quarter of an inch, the majority only penetrated his clothes. Having exhausted the revolver, Mr. da Silva then threw it in Mr. Fonseca's face, inflicting a severe cut on the forehead. The wounded man returned to the Consulate, and was at once sent to Hospital, while his assailant was arrested and lodged in the British Consular gaol." JAMES R. ANGLIN, Printed and published the proprietor - inted and pubts for proprietor, e, No. 87, Main Street at the “JAPAN GAZETTE". Printing 0 Yokohama, Japan.