C º OO347 325 6 University of Michigan - BU-R The 2.4s.2%-42. pasſault ºn this, Nais, , ºr 27-4-2 ºzzº- º - % - 428-24) Žº Z. 4- = “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “ will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” VOL. 8. For SALE, OR CHARTER TO ANY PORT. HE well-known, fast-sailing, teak-built ship, PLEIADES.–Should no f arrangement be made within a few days for Sale or Charter, the “Pleia- des” will return to Java via Singapore, receiving cargo at Whampoa. Apply to ARTHUR SAUNDERS KEATING. FOR MANILA. rTNHE French vessel, TOURVILLE, Captain Pigaux. For Freight or Passage apply to B. GERNA frt. FOR SINGAPORE, RHIO, AND BAT AVIA. - º HE Dutch hark Louis A. To sail immediately, with or without freight. Apply to A. S. KEAting. FREIGHT TO LIN TI N. rRHE syde N, Captain Burd, will leave Whampoa about the 1st January. Apply to Jardine, Mathrson & Co. - - - - - FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER. - rTh; fine teak-built ship, ANNA ROBERTSON, Captain Alexander Nairne; Register tonnage 447 Tons. Apply to JARDINE, Matheson & Co. or to D. Mc. Culloch, Esq. FREIGHT TO HAMBURG OR HOLLAND. N the well known teak built and fast sailing vessel SYDEN, of 800 Tons; John Burd, Commander. Tenders will be received by Captain Burn or Jardine, Matheson & Co. TFORTHE STRAITS AND MADRAS. HE CARRON, Captain Wilson. For freight apply to - T Jardisr, MATHEson & Co. TENTH CANTON INSURANCE OFFICE. Paºlº intending to apply for Insurance are requested to give previous - notice, in order that the vessels in which they propose to ship may be duly surveyed, (free of expense to the assured,) before commencing to receive cargo. JARDINE, MAtheson & Co. General Agents. DECIMA cowpaNHIA DE SEGURO DE CANTAO. . . A* pessons que pertenderem fazer applicacoens para Seguro nesta officina sno provenidas para darem previa noticia a fim de que os Navios sobre os quaes forem of recidos os riscos possao ser devidamente examinados antes de comecarem a receber carga. JARDINE, MAthlson & Co. General Agents. & OUTH American Copper, 2,300 piculs, on board the ship"Porcia” at Lintin, for sale by F. S. HAthAway. Canton, December 2nd, 1834. No. 4 Old English Factory. FOR SALF. The Teak-built Ship ERNAAD. For particulars apply to D. & M. RUSTOMJEE. FOR SALE. British ship of about 450 tons, built on the western side of India, and it for any voyage. Intending purchasers may learn particulars from JAR dise. MAthesos & Co. - R". quantities for ships to enter the Port free of the Cumsha and measurement dues, may be had at Lintin. Apply to A. S. KEating. SURVEYOR FOR LLOYD’S. -- - AVING appointed Mr. William MacKENzik, (late commander of the ship * Hormajee Bomanjee) as Surveyor of shipping on our behalf, public notice thereof is hereby given for the information of parties requiring the servi- ces of such an officer; settling with him for the same. John TEMPLEton & Co. Agents for Lloyd's HIBB12RT'S PALE AI, E. ALE ALE in butts from HIBBERT, so well known for his extensive supplies sent to the United States, may be had on application to R. MARKwick & Co, OR SALE, two Factories; for particulars Canton, 11th December, 1834. -- - TT NOTICE.--- - UST received and for sale at R. MARKwick & Co. few cases Genièvre de Hollande, from the celebrated House of Graham & Co. Rotterdam. Canton 22d December 1834. R. Edw ARDs. 3 American Hong apply to NOTICE. INDEMNITY INSURANCE OFFICE OF CALCUTTA. Tº ISKS for all parts of the world will be taken by J. Goddard, Agent for the office in China Payable in case of loºs by * Messrs. Gregson, Melville & Knight, Agents in London - do. do Messrs. Gilmore & Co. ,, in Calcutta * W ANTS a situation as Clerk, a Young Gentleman who can be well recom: mended, and has been for sometime in a London Counting House. Enquire of the Editor. | Tuesday, JANUARY Grº, 1835. CHARLES GRANT. No.1. STATEMENT OF THE BRITISH TRADE, - Foº the year ending March, 1834. Price 25 cents. Apply at the Canton Register office, No. 4 Danish Hong. THE HINESE, U () MM ER, IAL GUIDE, S” at the Canton Rºgister office, No. 4 Danish Hong. Price 8 I.50 Cents. M. PRICE 50 CENTS. NU 1 Ivi'. - ISKS will be taken in Wiccajee Merjee's Constituents Insurance Office of Bombay, on the same terms as heretofore. RUSSELL & Co. Agents. TO RENT. ( ) Nº. half of one of the neatest and most convenient Factories in Canton, newly furnished. For particulars apply to No. 3. Imperial Hong. - R. MARKwick & Co. PROSPECTUS. of An Historic Al Sketch of the Portuguese SettleMENTs IN ChiNA; AND or the Roman Catholic Church ANd Mission IN ChiNA. Gratefully bearing in mind the kind reception with which friends and acquaintances were pleased to welcome two “Contributions to an historical sketch of Macao” (which they did me the favour to accept in 1832 and 1834) I have ventured to presume that a more elaborate essay on the same subject may afford some satisfaction to those who are desirous of obtaining well authenticated facts concerning the Portuguese settlements and the Roman Catholic missions in China. And, thinking that a division of the subject into distinct parts would facilitate the reference to any events, which may deserve the attention of the reader, I have adopted the following plan. CoNtENTs. 1. TEM por ARY settleMENTs. Preliminary 1. Li AMpo—LY ANGPo—NING Po. 2. Chi Nch Fw–Cha N-chow—Cha N-chow-foo, 3. TAM Ad—SAN-sha N or St. Joh N 4. LAMPAcAo. Chapter 1. Fixed settleMent At Macao. Historical NARRAtive. Chapter II Topog Raphic Description. Chapter III Division. 1 Parochial districts. Public buildings—. Churches viz. Parish churches—collegiate churches--convents—monastery — hermitages—Senate "ouse— Fortifications: Monte—Guia—St. Francis—St. Peter—Nossa Senhora de Bomparto–Santiago, or the Bar-fort. 2. Ports: Typa–Inner harbour. Chapter IV. Population Preliminary, 1. Cla tes. Natural subjects:—Free —Slaves. Industry. Chinese vassals Four villages—Four Pagodas—Campo. Freigners. Library—Museum. 2. Public education. King's schools—Royal col., lege at St. Joseph, Seminary and college ancient at St. Paul. 3. Charitable insti- tutions. Misericordia–Asylum for female orphans—Asylam of Mary Magdalen.4. Hospitals. St. Lazar for lepers--one civil another Military Hospital. • * Chapter V (, over NMENT. Perliminary. I Pure municipality for 250 years. SEN Ate “Camera” 1. Domestic political influence on its mem on its sub- altern officers—on the Christian population in general—on the military depart- ment—on the ciril department—on the chinese population. 2. Domestic econo- mical influence; on receipts; on expenditures. CoNstitution of Macao. Preliminary 1. Sfx Ate, members of the—their duties—their prerogatives. 2. Gover Nors, the presidents over the Senate. Is the head of the military; their means of defence. 3 M wister, vice president; Judge of the customs. 4 IRoy Ai. Chest. Its singular fate, actual administra- tion of receipt and disbursement lts state at the end of 1833, Chapter. VI For big N REL-tions. With Portugal, Goa, the Dutch, the BRitish, politically. With China 1. Politically–Tribute, Ground rent. 2. Judicially. In civil cases, In criminal cases, In commercial cases. History of the trade. Hoppo, Measurement. Duties, Ship-building. 3. Diplo- matically, Euroys. Thomé Peres, Diego Pereira, Gil de Goys. Ambassadors. Emanoel de Saldanla, Alexander \letello de ouza e Menezes, Francis Xa- vier, Pacheio e Sampayo, 4. Convention AL PAct. Mandarin influence. 5. Cor- Relative 1 Ntercourse. Succour against the eastern Tartars; Auxiliary aid. against pirates. With JAPAN. Catholic mission; Commerce; Diplomatic. envoys. With MANILA; With T 1Mor; W Ith 13 at Avia; With Goa, Com- mercially. With Malacca; With S1AM, Commercially, Diplomatically. With Cochi Nci'i NA; Commercially; Political missiou. Actual state of trade at Macao. 3. Suburb AN Settle MENts. Green island:Oitem or Oiteng; sundry lodges. Of the Row AN catholic church AND Missions is cºis A. Preliminary. 1. Roman Catholic church at MacAo. Ring's patronage, Hierarchy, Erternal rites, 13 otherhoods, Processions, jury i ground, Church. iºmun ty, Bonire, Objections to clinese recreations at Macao, Actual state of the Roman C, tholic religion in the bishoprick of Macao. 2. Row AN CAtholic Mission in CHINA. Preluminarv. Missionaries, Papal legates to China: Cheries 'I nomas Maillard de Touruan; Charles Ambroise Mezzabarba; Two Carmelites. SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTFR, description of the city of canton; republished from the Chinese Repository with the editor's permission. What could not properly, be embodied in the cursory description of distinct matter has been added in an Appendix. The work will be enrich- al- AN *: [5] C3 C25 2 THE CANTON REGISTER. ed with four lithographic prints: two of them representing the funeral monu- ment of St. Francis Xavier, erected on the island San-shan, or St. John; two are plans of Macao; one of them drawn probably in 1655, the second delineated in 1834; one to face 'he other. The frontispiece of the work exhibits a lithographic view of the great landing place “Praya grande” at Macao. A copious index will refer the reader to the contents of the work, which will make out, it is supposed, from 350 to 370 pages in full size octavo, in- cluding the supplement. Were the author in his former prosperous situation he would have sent his manuscript to the press without troubling any body; but his inability compels him to solicit assistance. Many years ago he employed a principal part of his property in establising a Free school, in which children of both sexes, whose parents were unable to defray the expenses of their education. are taught, together with reading and writing, the historv and geography of their native country (Sweden), and also arithmetic, drawing, &c., so much as may be useful to youths, whose future destination shall be to employ themselves in any branch of the mechanical arts. By the last report (1833) from the directors of the Free-school, the founder had the satisfiction to learn that 221 boys were under the daily tuition of an excellent'professor, after the Lancastrian method. (a house was preparing for the education of young girls) Forty nine boys had that very year left the In titution, where they had previously been instructed, by hired masters, in the first principles of different mechanical occupations; and they were then, according to their choice, placed with mechanics, at whose hands each of them may acquire the requisite instruction for intelligent workmen. The residue of my little fortune has vanished. This urges me to trouble my friends and acquaintances. The necessarv means for publishing the new work will, I confidently hope, be granted by the benevolence of the honorable foreign community at Canton and Macao, and of mv distin- guished acquaintance among Portuguese philanthropists. To the former, a subscription list shall; be presented, and an advertisement in the Chronica de Macao shall be published, inviting the Portuguese Gentlemen, who wish to subscribe, to honour me, or in my absence, J. G. Ullman Esq. of Macao. with their names, designating the number of copies which may be required, and deposit for each copy one dollar, which shall be brought to the account of the subscribers. For strangers and those Gentlemen who may not have seen the circulated list, a list for general subscription will be open at the office of John Slade Esq. Editor of the Canton Register, and another at the author's house, or, he being absent, at that of J. G. Ullman Fsq. Should subscription lists be hereafter deposited at other places, it will then be duly announced in the public papers. The sum raised by subscription will be deposited at the w ll known and most respectable Firm of Messrs Jardine, Matheson & Co. By thir credentials the gentlemen, who may, by my request, have the goodness to attend to the printing and binding of the work in America, probably at Boston, will be authorised to draw on them for the amount of cost. That it may be moderate, and the price of the Book likewise, a delay of about twelve months before it can be ready and brought into circulation may elapse; the subscription lists may, therefore, remain open in foreign countries to the 1st of December, 1835; then be closed, and, with the amount of subscription, transmitted to Messrs Jardine, Matheson & Co., Canton. When the book can be deliverel, the subscribers shall be, through the medium of the Canton Register, and the Chronica de Macao, respectfully informed of what is to be added to the first deposit, when calling for the required copies. The net proceeds of the book are intended for my school, there to con- stitute a permanent Fund, the annual interest of which shall be converted into the purchase of treatises and books, which teach how to simplify and improve the operations of the mechanical arts. By degrees a small library will thus be formed, by which the young men, who had the advantage of being brought up at my school, and artificers of inquiring mind, may considerably advance their knowledge, and become efficient and estimable members of society. y ANDREW LJUNGSTEDT. Macao, 20th December, 1834. •== ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C. A N T O N. The Log A N (Am) has arrived from Samarang, and the ERNAA D, Gillet, from Singapore and Calcutta. The Ernaad spoke the DIANA, Dudman, for China, off Bootan in the Banda sea; and she also brings the intelligence that the MeRMAID, Stavers, and CAPTAIN Cook, Thompson, had returned to Singapore from the China sea. We understand that in a recent instance of a reference to the secretary to H. M. superintendents respecting a claim against a British vessel at Whampoa, ſor damage alleged to have been occasioned by her running foul of another, it was intimated that on a representation of the circumstances by affidavit, there would be no hesitation on the part of the superintendents in interposing their autho- rity to adjust the affair; in the event of the parties being unable to settle it among themselves. It having been sºb: sequently settled by arbitration, as all commercial, diſ. ferences ought to be, the interference of the superintendents was not required. We mention the circumstance, as ten- ding to remove the ambiguity which seems to prevail as to the extent to which the superintendents exercise their authority under the present anomalous state of affairs. We think it right to correct a mistake of a correspon- dent of the Chronica de Macao, who expresses sur- prise at the supposed fact that a reverend member of the church should have accepted the appointment of English master attendant. The editor of the Chronica should have known that this useless office has been abolish- ed by Mr. Davis, chief superintendent, as stated in a late number of the Register; and Mr. Gutzlaff (who, we pre- sume, is the reverend gentlemen alluded to) has been ap- pointed, on the same salary, additional chinese secretary to H. M. superintendents: in which capacity his well-known abilities and enterprise cannot ſail, to prove eminently useful. Friends as we are of free discussion, we are glad the Macao newspaper receives communications respecting English affairs, however unfortunate in point of accuracy has been his début. Hong or Security Merchants.--It may be supposed, perhaps, from the previous statements, that difficulties are occasionally experienced before a hong merchant can be prevailed upon to become security for a ship; but such is not the case. None of them has ever evinced any hesitation in this respect. The Americans, who have had as many as forty ships in one year at Canton, have never met with a refusal. The captain of a mer- chant ship may resort to any hong merchant he pleases, and, by way of making him some return for his becoming security, he generally buys from him 100l. or 2001, worth of goods. Individuals are, however at per- fect liberty to deal with any hong merchant, whether he has secured their ship or not, or with any outside merchant; that is, with any Chinese mer- chant not be long ºng to the hong. So that, though there are only 10 hong merchants at Canton, there is, notwithstanding, quite as extensive a choice of merchants with whom to deal in that city, as in either Liverpool or New York.—[Mc, Culloch's commercial dictionary, 2nd Ed. Page 233.] * We have quoted the foregoing paragraph in order to correct the mis-information it contains, which, singular enough, is printed in italics, in order, we suppose, to attract the readers' attention, and to impress on his mind that it's accuracy is undoubted. It is of great importance that the real state of the open market of Canton should be well known to the world, and we, therefore, think it our duty to correct any mis-statement concerning it that may come to our knowledge, and particularly so when supported by a name so eminent as that of the author of the commercial diction- ary. The H. NG, or licensed official merchants of Canton, are the only class of the chinese community with whom foreigners are allowed to deal, or who are allowed to deal with foreigners. Any other chinese merchant subjects himself to the notice of the local government if he deals in those articles of commerce, transactions in which are confined to the hong merchants by an edict of 1828. And in the Canton Register of the 11th of movember, is a late edict on the same subject; and which forbids “Any other class than the commercial men of the hongs to clandestinely enter the barbarian factories. Should any presume to go into the barbarian factories, or as shopmen buy from or sell to the barbarians he shall immediately be punished as a chinese traitor.” We do not say that these restrictive laws are much minded either by natives or foreigners; but at this present time three outside merchants are prisoners within the city, confined under a charge of traitorous communication with foreigners. One of them, Powshong, of old China street, has been there for some months. This is the chinese act of premunire, and the penal code allows the government officers a fatal facility in applying it. In our last number we quoted the opinion of the philo- sop!.ical author of the commercial dictionary on our right to vindicate our rights in this country by force: and which, we are proud to say, accords so perfectly with the petition, of the British subjects in China to the king in council, lately forwarded by the Charles Grant. LORD NAPIER. º (From the Singapore Chronicle of the 6th Nov. 1834) LoRD NAPIER has been blamed by the Canton press, for not having proceeded when once engaged in hostilities to ulterior measures; such as ordering the ships' boats up to Canton fully manned & equipped—by which, it is presumed, every concession desired, already verbally made, would have been gained, and his Lordship's views accomplished. 4 Tºº CAINTON REGISTER. These circumstances, and a feareflosing the vantage ground we hold of the chinese in any approaching treaty, induces us British to submit to every encroachment at present in silence. In the meantime, the common cause of foreigners here is most materially retrograding! We are losing the hard got remnants of former remonstrances. As no exclusive commercial treaty is ‘contemplated by the English, I wonder much the American and other foreign imerchants do not anproach Loo, and, founding cn the emperor's edict of november, sav, “Tavor us with a cony of the tariff which your emperor alludes “to as ruling this open market! And when sending us copy, pray please send “another to the hoppo's office, so that it may cease to be a dead letter.” 1st January, 1835. Your's truly, DELTA. . P. S. By the way, you place lord Lansdowne as premier; I think this is an error of press, as the Java papers and my own private letters name lord Melbourne to that office. We ar too far from home to judge of men and the change power makes on them; but from early associatiou I would prefer “Lamb, lord Melbourne,” to any name now going, as premier, excepting always lord Durham, whoſas when Henry Brougham came in from represent- ing Yorkshire to he chancellor) would in himself be the principles of justice and freedom personified, . HINDOC) COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISF. The new firm of Carr, Tagore and Co. is announced to-day. The second member of this firm is Rahoo Dwarkanath Tagore, some time De- wan of the Salt Board, which Oſice he vacated about six weeks ago for the pornose of commencing the career of a general Merchant and Agent. The bircumstance is worthy of notice, since it is the first instance of a Hindoo adopting European habits of business in Calcutta, and entering into the eld of agency and foreign commerce on European principles, although the Parsees long since set them an example at Bombay. (Calcutta Contrier, Oct. 1st, 1834.] BEN YOWSKY'S TRAVELS. ( ('oncluded from Vol. 8. Page 2 7. ) This attack having enraged the count's men, they deter- mined to be revenged on the natives; and, as they were uncontrollable, the ount agreed to direct their proceedings. About seven in the evening, I caused the boats to tow our vessel to the river of the massacre, where I anchored. At three, I ordered forty-six com- panions on shore, commanded by Messieurs Crustiew, Kuznetzow, Baturin, Wyndbladth, and Stephanow; and we only waited for Don Hieronimo, who arrived at four. They then proceeded inland, and we heard nothing till about three quarters after six, when the noise of the musquetry convinced ine that the action had began. Soon after I saw a number of islanders retiring towards a steep mountain; and then it was that my companiºns on board directed their pieces at them, and made a dreadful slaughter. These unhappy men, seeing themselves pressed on one side by my troops, and on the other by the islanders, under the condu" of the Spaniard, threw themselves pros. trate upon the gronnd. I was then forced to declare to my whole party, that I would fire upon them if they continued the massacre. On this mes- sage, the parties contented thcmselves with making prisºners, the number of whom amounted to six hundred and fo, ty-three. The ki!"d were reckon- ed and proved to be eleven hundred and i'y-six. What irprised me the most was, that among the wounded and prisoners there were a great number of women armed in the same manner as the men. On the 30th of August the count encamped on shore, the Spaniard having erected huts for hitſ and his men by the assistance of the friendly indians, who set a guard at night, to protect the camp from the attacks of the allies of the nation with whom they had been at war. . . At day-break, Don Hieronimo presented his family to me with a great number of his friends, and likewise acquainted me that Huapo, a prince of the country, was coming to express his gratitude for my having avenged his subjects upon the two nations who were their enemies. He informed me, that Huapo lived in a town about thirty or thirty-two leagues distant inland; that the central parts of his dominions were well civilized, as was also the whole western part of the island; the eastern coast only being possessed by a savage people, among whom, however, he excepted the territory belonging to Huapo, which was inhabited by a gentle and industrious race. He added, that the Prince Huapo could muster twenty, or five and twenty thousand armed men, notwithstanding which he was often disturbed in his capital, either by the Chinese party, or their allies. After this information, he insinuated that it would be easy to conclude a treaty with this prince, to form establishments, in his country, the produc- tions of which consisted in gold, crystal, cinnabar, rice, sugar, cinnamon, silk, and particularly the most beautiful kinds of wood, might form advan- tageous branches of commerce; in exchange for which they would receive a qnantity of hardware, iron, and European cloth, to the prout of two hundred per cent. to the sellers. Such was our conversation, when it was interrupted by the arrival of the Banini, or ºperal. The habits of this General consisted c. ... long red pautalon ", chinese half boots, a white shirt, with a vest of blºck, and a red surplice, or outer garment, which had some buttons of coral, set in gold. His head was covered with a bonnet of straw, exceedingly pointed, and the upper ex- tremity was ornamented with horse hair, dyed red. His arms consisted of a sabre, a lance, and a bow, with a quiver, containing twenty-five arrows. The troops who attended him were eutirely naked, except a piece of blue cloth round their middle, and their arms were lances and bows. Our repast was not of long duration, The Formosian General eat with astonishing rapidity, without speaking a word; and after he had devoured a quantity of rice, with some pieces of roast meat, he rose, and began to chew his betel, and smoke tobacco. As I was desirous of limaking my court to him, I followed his example, though my palate suffered for it. After dinner we walked round my camp. When we came near a battery, Bamini requsted me to order some cannon shot to be fired. I immediately gave * : The pautalou is a close garment fitted to the body, and all of one piece from head to foot. T. orders to fix a butt at five hundred paces distance, and pointed the pieces myse f. At the second fire, the boat which the islanders had exposed as a butt, was broken in pieces; at which the Formosian General testified the greatest surprize. To increase his astonishment I gave orders to my com- panions to take their arms, and fire at a plank at eighty paces distance. Very few of their shot missed; and as the plank was shot through, this exercise gave him great satisfaction, and induced him to spare no flattering expres- sions on the occasion- About eleven'o'clock, Don Hieronimo returned to invite me, in the name of the prince and see him; and he brought several horses, though the distance was very short. I immediately mounted, and soon arrived at the Prince's tent, His appearance struck me at first sight. He was between thirty and thirty-five years of age, about five feet three inches high, of a strong and vigorous make with a lively eye and majestic carriage. Upon being introduced to him f found Mr. Crustiew already in great familiarity with him, who said to me in Russian, this youth would do our bunsines, if we proposed to remain at Formosa; and his good disposition would permit him to assure me, that I might be King of the island whenever I pleased. He had scarcely spoken when the Prince addressed me by our interpreter, assuring me, that I was welcome on the island; and that he had heard, with the greatest satisfaction of the manner we had treated his enemies, for which he thought it proſer to make his grateful acknowledgements. To this he added, that he had no doubt but that I was the person whose coming was announced by the Pro- phets, who had foretold that a stranger should arrive with strong men, who should deliver the Formosans from the Chinese yoke: in consequence of which he had determined to pay me a visit, and make me an offer of all his power and forces to support and obey me. This commencement changed my system, and the Spaniard insensibly led me to play a new part, by assuring the Huapo that I was a great Prince, who had visited Formosa, with the intention of satisfying myself concerning the position of the Chinese, and to filfil the wishes of the inhabitants of the island, by delivering them from the power of that treacherous people. The prince Huapo afterwards made six demands of the count; the following being the fourth, in the count's own words: “whether I would accept the concession he would make “me of the province of Ha-vang sin; which, with its cities, “towns, and inhabitants he would cede to me in nerpetuity, “on condition that I should support him with Europeans, “until he should have driven the Chinese out of his domi- “nions, at which period he would yield up to me his whole “kingdom.” The count, after replying to the six requisitions, toºk the command of the prince's army, fought and defeated his enemies. The following is his more detailed account of the island. he island of Formosa is called by the Chinese, Touaiouai; and by the natives Paccahimba. It is one of the finest and richest islands of the known world. The soil, in an infinity of places, produces two harvests of rice and other grain, with a great variety of trees, fruits, plants, animals and birds. Cattle, sheep, goats, and poultry, are very abundant here. This island is intersected by great rivers, lakes, and waters, abounding with fish. It has many commodious harbours, bavs, and sounds on its coasts. Its mountains produce gold, silver, cinnabar, white and brown copper; and likewise pit coal. The island of Formosa is divided into eight principalities, three of which, situated on the western side, are governed by the Chinese, and peopled by the same nation. Every year an ambassador arrives from China, to receive tribute from these three provinces, which is raised by a poll tax; and the emperor of China keeps five hundred vessels for the purpose of annually exporting this tribute, which consists of a large quantity of rice, wheat, millet, salt, beans, raw silk, cotton, gold, silver and mercury. The gover- nors of these three provinces continually extend their possessions, either by alliance or intrigue, in such a manner, that they have obtained several towns and districts from their neighbours. The inhabitants of the island are civilized, except those who live on the eastern coasts. They are of an effeminate disposition, without any marks of courage; given to indolence, and are indebted to the goodness of the climate for their preservation, as the soil supports them with very little labour. If we except the three chinese provinces, the mines on the island are no where worked, They are contented to wash the sand to extract gold out of it; and if they find pearls in the shells, it is by mere accident. . The common people of Formosa are cloathed only in blue cotton cloth; the towns are always built in the plains; and the villages are upon the mountains. The houses of people of condition among them are extensive and beautiful, but plain. Those of the people are mere huts; and they are not permitted to build better. Most of them are covered with straw and reeds, and are divided or separated from each other by rows of pallisadoes; their moveables are nothing more than what nesessity has rendered indispensible In the houses of men of rank, there are advanced rooms, in which they eat, receive strangers, and divert themselves. The apartments of the women are always separate, and apart from the house. Though they are built within the court, no one is permitted to approach them. In this country there are no inns for traveliers; but those who are on a journey sit themselves down near the first house they come to, and the master of the house soon after receives them, and entertains them with rice and some flesh meat, with tobacco and tea. The only commerce of the inhabitants of Formosa is with some Japanese barks, who touch here, and with the Chinese. The count afterwards draſted a plan to colonize For- mosa and then continued his voyage to Cauton.—From the foregoing extracts is appears that Formosa is a vulnera- ble point of the chinese empire; and, both from the count's narration and the late rebellion, it may be safely concluded that the boasted tender compassion and reasonable rule of the celestial government are there also but mere names; the subjugated Formosians have not yet felt any transforming influence from their conquering exemplars. THE D&Autºbºt tº BIS, NEllis, “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. VOL. 8. Tuesday, JANUARY 13th, 1835. No.2. ºs. wº- FOR SALE, OR CHARTER TO ANY PORT. HE well-known, fast-sailing, teak-built ship, PLEIADES.–Should no T arrangement be made within a few days for Sale or Charter, the “Pleia- Apply to des” will return to Java via Singapore, receiving cargo at Whampoa. FOR SINGAPORE, RHIO, AND BATAVIA. - HE Dutch bark LOUISA. To sail immediately, with or without freight. Apply to A. S. KEATING. FREIGHT TO LIN TIN. HESYDEN, Captain Burd, will leave Whampoa about the 1st January. Apply to JARDINE, MAtheson & Co. FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER. - HE fine teak-built ship, ANNA ROBERTSON, Captain Alexander Nairne; Register tonnage 447 Tons. Apply to - JARDINE, Matheson & Co. or to D. Mc, Culloch, Esq. FREIGHT TO HAMBURG OR HOLLAND. N the well known teak built and fast sailing vessel SYDEN, of 800 Tors; John Burd, Commander. Tenders will be received by - CAPTAIN BURD or JAR pink, MAtheson & Co. - FOR TIHE STRAITS AND MADRAS. The CARRON, Captain Wilson. For freight apply to JARDINE, MATHEson & Co. : Fº) º Fºr EIGHT OR CHA is TER. Hi E line Bark, HELVELLYN, Captain, Boadle, 320 Tons burden, for Live apool or LoNDoN. Apply to - Thom As DENT & Co. TENTH CANTON INSURANCE OFFICE. ARTIES intending to apply for Insurance are requested to give previous notice, in order that the vessels in which they propose to ship may be duly surveyed, (ſree of expense to the assured,) before commencing to receive cargo. JARDINF, MATHEson & Co. General Agents. DECI A1A UOMPANHIA DE SEGURO DE UANTA(). Spessoas que pertenderem fazer applicacoens para Seguro nesta officina A \, sao prevenidas para darem previa noticia a fim de que os Navíos sobre og quaes forem of erecidos os riscos possao ser devidamente examinados antes de comecaren a receber carga. JARDINE, MAtheson & Co. General Agents. S”. American Copper, 2,300 piculs, on board the ship“Porcia" at Liniia, * for sale by F. S. Iſ Athaway. Canton, December 2nd. 1834. No. 4 Old English Factory. FOR SALE. The Teak-built Ship ERNAAD. For particulars apply to D. & M. RUST (, MJF E. FOR SALE. British ship of about 450 tons, built on the western side of India, and fit for any voyage. Intending purchasers may learn particulars from JARDIN E, MATHEson & Co. ICE, in quantities for ships to enter the Port free of the Cumsha and measurement dues, may ire had at Lintin. Apply to A. S. Kratino. COMMERCIAL INSU RANCE COMPANY. NOTICE is hereby given that, in future, policies will be granted, payable 1. three months after notice of loss, instead of six, as heretofore. TURNER & Co. Agents for the Commercial Insurance company. NOTICE. - - - NHE Proprietors of the Albion Hotel respectfully beg leave, to return their most grateful thanks to their friends and the Public in general for the kind prompt and (as far as circumstances admitted) effectual assistance they received, at the late calamitous fire on part of their premises. ==== ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. c AN to N. The RU BY, Warden, and WILLIAM Wilso N, from Calcutta and Singapore, DIANA, Dudman, and SUMATRA, [Am] Roundy, from Batavia, are the vessels arrived in the week. Newspapers, containing important intelligence from Europe, have come by these opportunities, but they reached us too late for making any extracts. The ship SARAH, Whiteside, arrived in England on the 20th of July; dates of sailing, from China on the 23rd of march, from the Cape on the 9th of June. This vessel was the first that sailed from China as a Free trader, under a license from the select committee; and, although “we defy t “, * ~~~~ ARTHUR SAUNDERS KEATING. augury,” we trust the information of her speedy and safe passage will be pleasing to our readers. Right of Petition.—A gentleman, who has been some years resident in Canton as a British merchant, had lately occasion to petition the governor of this province on some circumstances connected with his own affairs. He wrote a petition to the governor, which was translated into chinese, and delivered it to the senior hong merchant, Howqua, for presentation to his excellency. The petition was returned to him from Howqua, accompanied with an insolent note, which was signed by the three senior mer- chants, Howqua, Mowgua, and Puankedua, describing the subject as too trifling to be intruded upon the governor, with some other irrelevant reasons. The petitioner then determined to present the petition at the city gates, where he was accompanied on the 7th inst at 12 o'clock by several of his friends, of the mercantile community of Canton, who had been informed of the first cause of petitioning, and of the refusal of the hong merchants to present the petition. On their arrival at the Tsing-hae mun (water gate) the attendant officers made their usual blustering opposition ; but admittance through thc first gate was obtained, and, two deputed military officers, the Tsung-Hee and the Qwang-Hee shortly arrived. The petition was presented to them, but they refused to receive it, except through the hong-merchants. The petitioner would not submit to the indignity of again requesting How- qua and Mowgua to forward his petition, and the officers went away. The English, who were there assembled, were determined to assist the petitioner in carrying his just re- solution into effect, and they consequently remained in the confined space between the inner and outer gates, and sent for provisions, which soon arrived and were heartily fed upon. During the time from one o'clock till five the hong merchants and linguists, amongst whom Mowgua Junior was the most active, made various propositions, all of which were peremptorily refused. At length the Tsung and Qwang Hees came again, and renewed their former offers, and said that an order had arrived from the emperor directing the local officers not to receive any petitions unless they were sent through the hands of the hong-merchants. This assertion the English did not believe, and they asked to see the edict, and enquired why it had not been com- ununicated to the foreign residents in Canton. After a rather noisy discussion, not very well understood on either side, a proposition was made that the petition should be presented in this manner; the Qwang- Heč and Mowgua were to place their ilands simultaneously upon it: to this the petitioner agreed, but in the very act of deliverance chinese trickery and cunning defeated their own plan; for Mowqua snatched the petition, whilst the Qwang-Hee, although standing up, did not ex- tend his hand to it : the paper was, of course, instantly re, overed from Mowgua; and after some little time the officers again retired. Abont six o'clock the party of Euglishmen returned home, excepting the petitioner, who was left alone, well provided with food and clothing; for the weather was cold. Towards nine o'clock the Tsung and Q wang-Hees again returned, and offered to receive the petition from the hands of the petitioner; but he told them that the mendacity of their country was now so notorious that he required witnesses of his - 6 THE CANTON REGISTER. own nation to be present, and the chinese at length consented that he should despatch a note for two only of his countrymen; and they would not, on any account, admit a greater number. The petitioner replied that two would do in this case as well as two hundred; the messenger with the note was on the point of leaving for the foreign factories, when the arrival of Fan-kweis at the outer gate was reported. After a close reconnoitre by the chinese two Englishmen were admitted, of known respectability here, both commanding British ships. The petition was then presented to the Tsung-Hee by the peti- tioner, attended on each side by his newly arrived friends. Mowgua, who was standing by the Tsung-Hee's side, again, in the very act of presentation, attempt- ed to touch the petition with his finger; at this insidious motion the petition was instantly withdrawn, and Mowqua was informed that his scheme had failed. He then abandoned his low tricks, and the Tsung-Hee ex- tended his three fingers and received the petition, and informed the petitioner, through the linguist, that he had been sent by the Tsung-tuh (governor) on purpose to receive the petition, and to say that the governor was much engaged at present, but that the petition should have his early atten- tion, and a reply would be given in two or three days; and he (the governor) hoped that the delay would not affect the peti- tioner's interests. The Tsung-Hee's manner was so grace- ful, and the tone of his delivery so good, that his words were pleasing, notwithstanding the vile and clumsy medium through which they passed to the comprehension of the petitioner. During all this protracted discussion 6 hong merchants, two linguists, and a strong military guard were present. We have been informed that an answer from the viceroy was sent to the petitioner just 30 hours after his departure from the city gate; and this answer promised redress of the wrong complained against. Thus, the few British concerned, by a little firmness, have regained to their countrymen the important boon of direct communication with the government, which Howqua had attempted to deprive them of. *- The tone of the Chinese edicts plainly shows the fear government entertains about the consequences which may arise from their behaviour towards lord Napier. Now, the hong merchants are again denounced as guilty; who, standing between two fires, have no other alternative but to endure and to besilent.We can by no means exempt them from blame during the late transactions; we also admit that their position is a very difficult one; but if government has to ascribe every disturbance to their treachery, or inposition, it is high time that it should change the system, and place no longer reliance upon men whom it has denounced as traitors. If, on the contrary, they are merely accused of base acts, in order to palliate the guilt of the officers, and to throw the whole blame upon a body of merchants, government openly avows that it is ashamed of its own proceedings, and declares before the whole world that it has been guilty of unjustifi- able aggression. This confession being now befºre the public, there is no longer room to question whether the chinese officers have justice on their side or not; their own words should be taken as conclusive. Let us take them at their word and both judge and act accordingly. In the present case the impositions complained of ought to be noted down as real and acknowledged grievances, to be redressed by those who found them out and possess the power of taking them away. In a rational point of view the last edict speaks volumes, and it is to be hoped, that it will by no means be forgotten in our future discussions. We should here again advert to the injustice of brand- ing native merchants, who engage in foreign trade with the hateful epithet of traitors. Is it then culpable to trade with foreigners! is it against the laws? If so, let it be at once denounced as a lawless proceeding, and an entire stop be put to foreign commerce. But if government sanctions the trade by levying duties upon it, and nevertheless continues to disclaim against the persons who enrich the treasury, we consider its cant about traitors, not only as scurrilous abuse, but also as a sure proof, that it does not respect its own laws. When will there be an end to such edicts. lf inter- course with foreigners is contaminating, we wonder that these pestiferous mortals are still worthy of imperial com- passion. Yet we wish not to quarrel about words. Our trade can never be respectable, if the property and cha- racter of the native traders are not under the protection of the law. In case the monopoly of the hongs is to continue, it will be very desirable to insist upon regulations, which will place it once for all beyond the grasp of the lowest and highest functionary. Yet, if the individuals engaged in it are either willing to retire or acknowledge that under present circumstances they can no longer maintain them- selves, ought they not honestly to represent their case and petition for the dissolution of the hong. We are not advocates for innovations but for improve- ment. Nevertheless, we state our conviction, that a free trade on one side and a strict monopoly on the other can never coexist. One of them must foresee and prepare for its ruin. As, however, the latter is decrepid, and tottering in its very foundation, whilst the other possesses youthful strength and irresistible power, we are at no loss to which we have to assign the future victory. It is a matter of moment, that the hong merchants should seriously consider their situation, and instead of flattering themselves with the hope of better times sincerely goto work, lest their affairs, being past remedy, might lead to inevit- able ruin. Calm deliberation, impartial investigation of all circumstances, and a resolution adopted and carried into effect accordingly, is all that is wanted, in order to produce favorable results. - We have often wondered at the narrow policy observ- ed by the Chinese government in regard to trade. Much we ascribe to the education through which the Chinese can- didates for office have to pass. Confucius lived at a time, when the country was still in a low state of civilisation, without trade and manufactures. He himself very seldom alludes to such an important branch of industry, which is both necessary to the subsistence and improvement of human society. It is rather astonishing, that this great politican should have overlooked the very soul of a common wealth. Mang-tsze seems to have had some idea about barter, monopoly, and division of labour; but he merely hints at these subjects. These books are then studied! in them the quintessence of all political wisdom is found! can we then wonder, when the deciples are not wiser than their masters! All chinese statesmen are persuaded that agriculture alone adds to the capital of the community, and that commerce is at the best uothing else but a mere transfer of goods, by which more persons are injured than benefitted. We were never so forcibly struck with the truth of the above remarks than when reading Soo-tung-po, a most enlightened civilian under the Sung dynasty, who lived in the eleventh century. All his writings, most of them on politics, in various forms, bespeak avery penetrating mind, deeply versed in the art of ruling a people. His views are liberal; he lifts the veil of futurity and lays down prin- ciples for good government, which a member of parliament would not be ashamed to avow. Yet when he touches upon trade he is most violently opposed to its very existence. At that time the Chin-chew men traded to a very great extent to Corea, a branch of commerce which has long been lost. That country used to send its customary tribute-bearers, but the government, at that time not being over anxious about the homage paid by foreign princes, calculated the expenses which every embassy entailed upon the imperial treasury,and, therefore, declined in future that honor. The Coreans, desirous to keep up the intercourse with China, principally on account of the Ke-tans, the inhabitants of Leaou-tung, a brave and warlike people, sent some priests with a golden pagoda in a Chin-chew junk; in order to persuade the emperor by this present, to invite a new embassy. Soo-tung- THE CANTon REGISTER. " " ' " po, who was charged with the examination of this matter, takes occasion to represent, in most forcible language, the injury arising from commercial relations with other count- ries; and after having made some invidious remarks upon commerce in general, he prays the emperor to put an entire stop to all foreign trade, which was at that time, principally carried on from Hong-choo and Chin-chew, and apparently in a flourishing condition. Yet he confesses himself to be unable to check it wholly on account of the many traitorous merchants, with whom the land swarmed. The court not exactly adopting his views, winked at the growing evil; and, after some prohibitions, things continued in statu quo; just as all regulations that are in open defiance of the inclinations of the people in our time. The same Soo-tung-po took the most effectual measures during a time of starvation in Che-keang, but expresses his astonishment, that, notwisthstanding the reduced prices for which government sold grain, the poor people suffered extremely. He, of course, charges gain-seeking merchants with the evil, because they bought cheap and would not sell under the market price. We believe that there are many Chinese patriots who fall into the same errors as that celebrated writer; yet, if they are as honest as he, they will be open to conviction, and learn, from foreigners, how they can benefit their country by giving a free scope to commerce. If we, in our negotiations with the Chinese, keep this prevailing pre- judice constantly in view, and endeavour to convince them of their errors, we should still hope to open the eyes of some influential men. It will be long before Adam Smith is understood in this country, but the time may come when the hoppo at Canton and the board of revenue will act up to the same principles laid down by that writer. (From a correspondent.) FREE TRADE TO ALL THE PORTS OF THE CHINESE EMPIRE. [ Continued from No. 51, Vol 7th Page 204. J Canton, as an emporium, possesses great natural advan- tages. The Choo-keang is a deep, splendid river; the numerous islands at the mouth present few dangers to the navigator; and we know no portin any other part of Asia, which can vie with Canton in this respect. It has inland communication by water with both Kwang-se and Yun-man; and, if we except the Meilin mountain pass, possesses inland water communication with all the provinces, which stand in connection with the great canal and the Yang-tsze-keang. When compared, however, with other emporia in the chinese empire it labours under great disadvantages. Situated in the south western corner of China, as distant from the capital as London is from Constantinople, it has to fetch the produce it exports from a great distance. Not a tenth part of the foreign exports are grown in Canton province; the black teas from Keen-ming-foo district in Fokien, have topass about 750miles overhills and mountains ere they reach Canton. The green teas from Ganhwuy must make a tour of 1000 miles, entirely inland navigation; and the best and greatest part of the raw silk from Chekeang undergoes the same transit. The foreign imports are subject to the same tedious conveyance ere they reach the consumers. It is very evident that the price of both is thereby greatly enhanced. The policy which prescribed this course did not only throw great obstacles in the way of trade and injured both the foreign as well as native merchants, but wronged the cultivator still more. The duties, which government draws from the transit, are trifling when compared with the advantages which might accrue to the grower, if he could sell his produce at a harbour, the nearest to his home. Yet, even leaving the interest of the people quite out of the question, government itself is the sufferer by this unnatural arrangement, and must sooner or later perceive the absurd- ity of forcing so large a trade into this channel. If the black teas were sent down upon the Ming river, what sunnecessary expenses might be spared ; and the ships loading at Fuh-ohoo might both benefit themselves as well as the chinese. Would it not be far more profitable to both parties, if the green teas and raw silk were exported from Ning-po, Hang-choo and Shang-hae? No rational person can make any valid objection to such proposal. If ever the matter is brought before the snpreme government. we ought to expatiate upon this subject, and clearly state the true nature of the case. Enemies to a liberal com- mercial system may adduce similar instances of a crooked policy in Europe, but one absurdity cannot surely sanction another. Will not posterity wonder that we so long acquiesced in this system? . Let us consider maritime China in a commercial point of view, to judge of the great advantages it holds forth. We shall commence with central China, the most important part, where an extensive field opens itself. Separated by mountain ridges from the southern and western parts, the richest provinces of the Empire, Ho-nan, Hoo-pih, Hoo-nan, Gan-hwuy, Keang-soo and Che- keang, are all so situated as to communicate in one way or other with the Yang-tsze-keang, the girdle of China. Their natural resources, the dense and flourishing popula- tion, the spirit of enterprise which pervades them, renders these territories a scene of mercantile bustle. But the inland trade greatly exceeds that carried on by sea; to the latter, however, we can only direct our attention. The principal emporia of central China, are Ning-po, Hang- choo, Choo-san or Ting-hae, Shih-po, Cha-po, in Che-keang, and Shang-hae in Keang-soo. Ning-po lies 12 or 14 miles up an estuary,which is about half a mile wide at the entrance, with from 5 to 6 ft. depth. Vessels, drawing more water cannot proceed up to the city, and anchor opposite to Chin-hae-heen. The anchorage, however, is here very safe and the communications with the city as easy as that with Canton from Whampoa. As both British and Portuguese merchants have formerly advanta- geously traded to this place, which,according to all accounts is now more flourishing than ever, we have only to retrace our steps and return to ancient custom, so laudable in the eyes of the Chinese. Raw silk would here be the staple article. Hang-choo, the capital of Che-keang, is more remark- able for its inland navigation, (as it is situated on the Tseen- tang, and the great canal commences at the city,) than for its trade by way of sea. But it is a city larger than Can- ton, with ample resources, an industrious population, large manufactures, and acommanding situation for carrying on an advantageous trade with the northern provinces. It is the Venice of China. Chapo, north east of Hangchoo. at the sea coast, would, perhaps, less attract our notice, if it were not the only place from whence the chinese carry on a monopoly with Japan. If all our attempts to re-estab- lish our commercial relations with that country should miscarry we must endeavour to send our manufactures from Cha-po. Chu-san, on account of its insular position, is the general thoroughfare of junks, which .#from Kwang- tung and Fokien to Keang-soo, Shan-tung and Chihle; from hence arises itscommercial importance. It is to Ning- po, what Macao is to Canton. Shih-po, possessing a famous harbour, and standing in connexion with Tae-choo and Wan-choo, the southern ports of Che-keang, claims greatly our attention. There is a lively trade with small craft to this port. As an intermediate port between Fuh-choo and Ning-po, it is very conveniently situated, and will in the course of time maintain its ſame. We look upon Shang-hae as another Anvers; but the trade to this place is more flourishing and has a far wider range. Here we might most conveniently load our green teas. Supposing that it were possible to introduce either on the Woo-sung or the Yang-tsze-keang our manufactures to the central provinces, this port would far out-weigh Canton in commercial importance. The harbours just mentioned are between 27° and 31° Lat. Within so small a distance are so many emporia, and no proof can be stronger in favor of the immense trade of these ports. No arguments can disprove the assertion that woollens will j. better in provinces were they 8 THE CANTON REGISTER. are adapted to the climate, nor that all manufactures will find a much readier sale where the consumer himself can exchange them for his own raw produce. - The northern ports of China, in which we include those in Shan-tung, Chih-le and Leaou-tung, ought to be viewed quite in a different light. We can expect here little in return except specie, unless the inventive genius of free trade finds new articles which has frequently been the case, Teen-tsin, as the emporium of a large capital, is of the utmost importance, and nothing would be so desirable as to establish a permanent trade to this port, notwithstanding the natural disadvantages. As long as Kae-choo and Kin-choo continue to employ so large a number of craft for the annual exportation of Mant-choo produce, our ships will also find there a market. Of Shan- tung we should express less hope; but Ting-choo, the northern harbour, and Kaou-choo the southern, are too little known to enable us to form a correct opinion of their commercial importance. South western maritime China, Kwang-tung and Fokien, with the islands Haenan and Tae-wan, has a number of excellent harbours. We regret that so flourishing an island as Hae-nan has scarcely even been visited by any Eu- ropean traders. The east coast of Kwang-tung, however, is better known, and we ought to endeavor to establish some commercial relations at least with Hae-eo and Ting-hae. The capital of Fokien, Fuh-choo, is the nearest large emporium to the bohea hills. Though unacquainted with the Ming river beyond the metropolis we can affirm that it is deep enough to carry the teas to this harbour. What risks and expenses might be spared, if they were brought hither, instead of making a tedious vogaye of 750 miles. Amoy may be compared with Amsterdam in times of yore. There is scarcely any produce in the country round, which it might export, but the great desideratum of trade, capital, may here be had in abundance. The harbour is, moreover, of easy access. We doubt whether there exists any dis- trict in China,which numbers so many substantial merchants. Tseuen-choo (Chin-chew) is far inferior to Amoy, and has besides a bad harbour. As it is, however, the nearest port to the ankoi hills, it is to be hoped that we can load in future the ankoi tea near the place of its growth. Formosa, so rich in produce and so densely populated, could surely employ a great deal of shipping. Judging by the native trade, which is exceedingly great, we may safely conclude, that if we had free scope in this country to extend our commerce, 300 cargoes at least might be disposed of annually. Let the free trade operate for 50 years; let us then compare our commerce with that of the present day, how great will be the difference! But ten years are quite sufficient to produce the most decisive results. (To be continued.) The following account of the destruction by fire of the house opposite the Albion Hotel, Macao, inhabited by the family of Mr. Perkins, an American gentleman, may be depended on as stating the unfortunate occurence correctly. F I R E A T M A CA O. (From a correspondent.) The fire was discovered about 1. 30. P. M. by Mr. R. Perkins in the roof of his dining room, close to the chimney, (from which, it appears, the fire had communicated to the rafters of the house). Mr. Perkins instantly gave the alarm, and as quickly were three of the proprietors, and several Europeans in the room where the fire was burning, who used every endeavour to stop its progress, but unfortunately the strength the flames had attained, and the wind blowing a fresh gale, directly on them, rendered every exertion of no avail. Seeing the impossibility of quenching the flames we turned our attention to saving the property of the persons residing in the house, in which we suc- ceeded to a considerable extent; but I regret to state, nearly the whole of our own furniture and stock fell a sacrifice;—to us aheavy loss. The alarm having quickly spread, but few minutes elapsed before Captain J. T. Lira, (aid de camp to his excellency the governor) arrived in command of a large escort of troops, who under his orders did most efficient service. Nearly all the Macao and European gentlemen were quickly on the spot and handsomely exerted themselves in labourious services, entering the lower apartments of the house at imminent perii and rescueing anything within reach The government, and a number of private engines were in attendance in a very short time after the commencement of the fire, but their good services were counteracted by the strength of the wind, which so encreased the fury of the flames, that in very little more than one hour this spacious house was reduced to a heap of ruins; fortunately it stood alone, unconnected with any con- tinuous block of buildings, or, with such a gale, the consequences ulight have been dreadful. Since going to press we have been favoured with some numbers of the Bengal Hurkaru, from which we extract the following important intelligence and remarks. HOUSE OF LORDS,--THURSDAY, July 10. STATE OF THE MINISTRY. The Marquis of London deRay, having heard the noble and learned lord on the woolsack state that only two ministers had resigned, aud having been told that in the other house the noble lord the Chancellor of the Exchequer had stated as much for himself and four other members of that house, and afterwards that the ministry itself was dissolved, felt called on by public duty to ask whether there was a government or not? Whether any indivi- dual in office still held the seals of office? and, lastly, whether auy one had been called on by his Majesty to from an administration? If there were no government, public business ought to stand over, and he would move the adjournment of the house. - The Lord Chancellor said his noble friend, late virtually, and still nominally, head of the government, was prevented attending the house, and he was the less anxious to come, because he could not have expected or anticipated the asking of any questions after his explanation of yesterday. “Up to this moment, I know of no resignations, but those of my two noble friends, the late premier and the late Chancellor of the Exchequer.” The Chancellor of the Exchequer said, in the other house, that three or four of his colleagues approved of, and concurred in, the propriety of his resignation, but he did not say that they had tendered theirs. The noble lord afterwards intimated that he understood that Earl Grey had, in this house, announced the dissolution of the ministry. Their lordships knew that Earl Grey had not done so, and he who told the noble lord that tale might have meant well; but he (lord Brougham) took leave to doubt it. What might be the ultimate consequence of the position in wbich the King, the government, and the country, were, in his opinion, causelessly left, he would not speculate upon. “I agree with the noble Marquis that it is inexpedient for Parliament to go on without an administration. If the reconstruction of the present cabinet, or the formation of another, should be delayed to the injury of the public busi- ness, why then, my Lords, Parliament has a perfect right to inter ºre. (hear.) But the period of forty-four hours is not too long. (Cheers.) His Majesty or those who advise his Majesty, have a task of no small difficulty, when you consider the state of parties—which uo man more bitterly deplures than I do, because it prevents (I will allow that) the forination of a ministry suited to the exigencies of the country. Consider the stata of the other house, and the impatience of the country ol, such occasions, and you will not think the sacrifice of twenty-four hours too great for the execution of that most res. ponsible, that almost hopeless, task. (Cheers.) In the present state of par- ties, since men will persist in being guided by party, and personal instead of public motives (no, no, from the opposition)—My lords, I do not refer to that side of the House. I reſer to all public men, and really mean no offence to any one. I speak the language of public precept and unſactious sentiment.” Lord ElleNBoRough reminded the noble and learned Lord that he had not stated who had the charge of forming a new administration. The Lord Chancello R.—“ Now that is just the question that I will not answer. Torture should uot col::pel ine to answer a question which my duty to my Sovereign forbids me to answer. (Cheering.) If I kuew nothing on the subject I could answer easily—(a laugh)—but because I do know, I will not answer. My answering the question would not betoken respect either to the King or the house. The Duke of Buck, NGHAM said the noblo and learaed lord had very energetically answered all the questions he had not been asked, but when the important question came, he said, “I know, but I wont’t tell.” Lord How ARD of Effingh AM said the noble and learned lord only the desired delay of a few hours before answering the questions. Adjourned. “Considering the circumstances under which the Cabinet which reckon- ed Lords Grey and Althorp among its members, has for some time past at- tempted to struggle, and in the midst of which these noble lords resigued, nothing is more obvious than that a clean sweep of the whole Administration has become absolutely indispensable. The rubbish must be wheeled away to the last barrowful before any sure foundation can be laid for a new build- ing. Good God! are we to have another downright fraud passed upon the rightful expectations of the country; Are we to have pntty and whitewash laid over ‘lath and plaster,’ and then told that such an edifice will stand the - hurricane of times tike these?” | We hope to see in his Majesty's councils men who are to be respected for talents and sound constitutional principles, men acquainted with public business, men who will consider the welfare of the state, and not be biassed tº by personal and political animosities;–who will carry on the government ho- nestly and determinedly, and who will consider it a dishonour to compromise with Agitators, Demagogues, or Destructives. It cannot be disputed that lord Grey has arrived at an age(senventy) when the mental and bodily faculties are incompetetent to the important task of guiding the Helm of State; and the same remark is applicable to lord Wel. lesiey, who, at the climacteric of seventy one, has the conduct of the govern- ment of Ireland. His vacillation, aided by the wisdom of his Son-in-Law, (who regarded O'Connell “as one of the few persons in whom he could con- Jide,”) for some time paralysed, and has at length given the fatal blow tº lord Grey's Cabinet. At the moment we are writing, nothing, final has been decided upon. attempt is making to re-establish the Whig Ministry, or, in other words, re-organise lord Grey's late Cabinet. A Coalition of Parties is sº cable; and, if we mistake not, the Tories are too judicious not to wi better, and possibly no distant, opportunity for their return to office. The house of commons has adjourned till monday, when some decisi to the formation of a ministry may be expected. In the meanwhile, re | busy, and lords Brougham, Durham, Lansdowne, and Althorp are nam their respective adherents as successors to the post of lord Grey. All for an United Cabinet; but none show how and where it is to be forme respect to the chief of the Military and Naval Departments, it is m badle that no change will take place: all parties esteem and respect and lord Auckland bids fair to be equally popular. (Tunes July - THE oasiºpsi industrause “The frce traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT, VOILs. 8. MANILA SINGAPORE AND BATAVIA. HE PLEIADES, J. C. Ross, will leave for the above ports with all despatch; receiving Cargo, should any offer, at Lintin or Macao; ARTHUR SAUNDERS KEATING. Canton, January 18th, 1835. FOR SINGAPORE, RHIO, AND BATAVIA. - HE Dutch bark LOUISA. To sail immediately, with or without freight. Apply to A. S. Keating. FOR FREIGHT OR (XHARTER. HE fine teak-built ship, ANNA ROBERTSON, Captain Alexander Nairne; Register tonnage 447 Tons. Apply to JARDINE, MATHEson & Co. or to D. Mc, Culloch. Esq. FREIGHT TO HAMBURG OR HOLLAND. N the well known teak built and fast sailing vessel SYDEN, of 800 Tone; John Burd, Commander. Tenders will be received by Cartain Burd or JARDINE, Matheson & Co. FOR THE STRAITS AND MADRAS. Tur CARRON, Captain Wilson. For freight apply to - JARDINE, MATHEson & Co. FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER. HE fine Bark, HELVELLYN, Captain, Boadle, 320 Tons burden, for Liverpool or LoNoon. Apply to Thomas DENT & Co. TENTH CANTON INSURANCE OFFICE. ARTIES intending to apply for Insurance are requested to give previous notice, in order that the vessels in which they propose to ship may be duly surveyed, (free of expense to the assured,) before commencing to receive cargo. JARDINr, Matiſtson & Co. General Agents. DECIMA COMPANH1A DE SEGURU DE CANTAO. A Spessoas que pertenderem fazer applicacoens para Seguro nesta officina sao prevenidas para darem previa noticia a fim de que os Navios sobre os quaes forem of recidos os riscos possco ser devičanente examinados antes de Comecarem a receber carga. JAR prwr, Mathesow & Co. General Agents. SOUTH American Copper, 2,390 piculs, on board the ship"Porcia” at Lintin, for sale by F. S. Hathaway. Canton, December 2nd, 1834. No. 4 Old English Factory. FOR SALE. The Teak-built Ship ERNAAD. For particulars apply to D. & M. RUSTOMJEE. - COMMERCIAL INSURANCE COMPANY. - OTICE is hereby given that, in future, policies will be granted, payable three months after notice of loss, instead of six, as heretofore. Ttſ R N E R & Co. 2 Agents for the Columercial Insurance company. NOTICE. - P I NHE Proprietors of the Albion Hotel respectfully beg leave to return their most grateful thanks to their friends and the Public in general for the kind prompt and (as far as circumstances admitted) effectual assistance they received, at the late calamitous fire on part of their premises. BRITISH CHAM I, ER OF COMMERCE OF CANTON. Ta General Meeting of the British Chamber of Commerce held on the 13th day of January 1835, it was resolved; 1. That until further notice any British merchant of Canton may become a member of the chamber, by stating to the Secretary his wish to that effect, and paying the established fees, 2. That, in order to afford the utmost facility for the adoption of such a improvements as experience may suggest, the regulations now existing be C declared probationary, and that they may be altered by a majority at any * special meeting convened for the purpose, after seven days notice and speci- Il fication of the object in view. By order of the committee, th - W. Sprotr Boyn, British Chamber of Commerce Secretary. pr. Canton, 13th January, 1835. wh. THE CHIESECOMWERTTTCTDE .S* at the Canton kºgister office, No. 4 Danish Hong. Price $1.50 Cents. foreiº - cultiv from advant s is WOR SALE, two Factories; for particulars Tapply to ell his • Canton, 11th December, 1834. pply even le. * NOTICE *tion Ist received and for sale at R. Marx wick & Co. few cases Genièvre de arrangem, Hollande, from the celebrated House of Graham & Co. Rotterdain. ity of forºnton 22d December 1834. black STATEMENT OF THE BRITISH TRADE, uu the year ending March, 1834. Price 25 cents. Apply at the Canton *essar. Register office, No. 4 Danish Hong. ng at . - t HIBBFRT"S PALE ALE. TPALE ALE in butts from HIBBERT, so well known for his extensive supplics sent to the United States, may be had on application to R. MARx wick & Co. R. Edwards. 3 American Hong ºversibay, JANUARY 20th, 1335. PRICET, INTO. 3. }so CENTS. AT LINTIN FOR SALE. ODIron assorted. Chain Cables 3 Inch to # Inch. Anchors, 1 cwt. to 17 cwt, Rose nails of all sizes. Iron spikes, 2 to 4 Inches. Cordage, assorted, 14 to 6%. Inches. Sheathing Copper, 18 to 26 ounces. Sheathing nails, 1% to 13 Inches. Canvas, Nos.1 to 7. Boat guns. Apply to Captain PARRY Ship “Hercules,” or to Canton, 16th January, 1835. JARD1Ne, Mathrson & Co. NOTICE. Pº to an order of His Majesty's Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William iu Bengal of the 50th day of September 1834, made in a certain cause (wherein Gabriel Wrignon is Complainant and Alexander Colvin and us are Defendants, and in another cause) The Creditors and Le- gaties of Joseph Barretto Senior Joseph Baretto Junior and Edward Bright- man are at liberty and are hereby required to come on or before the 31st day of December 1835 before George Money Esquire, the Master of the said Court, to prove and Establish their respective debts and legacies, or in default thereof they shall be excluded the benefit of the Decretal order of the said Court made in the above causes on the 24th day of December 1830. (Signed) G. Money, Calcutta Court House Master’s º Master. office the 20 October 1834. * ºn OTICE. - HE “Union Insurance Society of Canton” established on the 1st January 1835 for Marine Insurance, is now in action. Canton 19th. January, 1835. Thomas DENT. & Co. Secretaries, - SURVEYOR FOR LLOYD’S. H AVING appointed Mr. WILLIAM Mackznzie, (late commander of the ship Hormajce Bomanjee) as Surveyor of shipping on our behalf, public notice thereof is hereby given for the information of parties requiring the servi- ces of such an officer; settling with him for the same. .* John TrMrLEToN & Co. Agents for Lloyd's. NOTICE. INDEMINITY INSURANCE OFFICE OF CALCUTTA. ISKS for all parts of the world will be taken by J. Goddard, Agent for the office in China, Payable in case of loss by Messrs. Gregson, Melville & Knight, Agents in London do. do. Messrs. Gilmore & Co. ,, in Calcutta - NOTICE. ISKS will be taken in Wiccajee Merjee's Constituents Insurance Office of Bombay, on the same terms as heretofore. RUSSELL & Co. Agents. TO RENT. NE half of one of the neatest and most convenient Factories in Canton, newly furnished. For particulars apply to No. 3. Imperial Hong. R. MARRwick & Co. ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID, C A N T O.N. We have not received any report of arrivals this week; the number of vessels despatched has been greater than usual. - MR. DAVIS. On board the Asia, captain Wolfe, Mr. Davis, the chief superintendent of British commerce and the late president of the select committee, and his lady and family are passengers. Mr. Davis was, we believe, the second member of the honorable company's establishment who made the attainment of the written language of China an object; having been preceded in this useful course of study by Sir George T. Staunton, Bt. Mr. Davis became a hard student immediately on his arrival in China; and has persevered in his honorable task until the present time. His name became early known to literature, to which he has been more devoted than any other member of the China service, and he has reaped his reward in his distinguished literary reputation. We believe he was the first who clothed a IO THE CANTON REGISTER, chinese play in an English dress; and his other translations have been numerous. He is also well known as an original writer. We trust that his presence in England will be beneficial to the interests of the free trade to this country. We beg attention to the-following quotation from the last number of the Repository, which bears upon the most important of all questions to residents in this country; and we look forward with great interest to its promised consi- deration in the next numberol that talented and pleasing work. Knowing as we do that the great Creator has guaranteed to man dominion over all the earth, we are not, on any account, or under any circumstances, to shrink from a proper consideration and discharge of all the duties, whether social, religious, or political, which are devolved upon us by that guaranty. Hence arise the relative duties among nations. To a consideration of these duties, and the claims they impose, we shall proceed in our next number. There are views entertained on this subject, and supposed to be right, which, we apprehend, will be found to be quite the reverse. These views grow out of the position that nations have no responsibilities in reference to other por- tions of the human family. We propose to examine this position: and think we can show, that nations are under obligations to each other; that China, as it regards her relation to other nations, is in a position of open violation of the law—thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself; and that, in such an attitude, they not only may, but must, remonstrate with her, and, if they cannot persu- ade, compei her, if they can, to a course more consistent with their rights and her obligations. From the Chinese Repository. December, 1834.—No. 8. chINA civil service. “It was very naturally apprehended, that the gentlemen of the late China Civil Service would find themselves a good deal embarrassed on their t-ansfer to India by the unknown tongues” of the country. We were, there- fore, not a little surprised to hear yesterday that one of those gentlemen, Mr. Clarke, passed for the Bengallee language in the College of Fort Wiliam on the 22d instant, having entered it only on the 24th ultimo, without any pre- vious study. Such rapid proficiency in any of the Eastern languages is without a precedent in the College annals. But Mr. Clarke has already the reputation of being a good Chinese scholar.” Dear Mr. Editor, The annexed notice in the Hurkaru gave me great pleasure. I look upon the individual interests of the honorable Company's servants in China to have been sacrificed to a desperate chance, played in Leadenhall street, further to mystify the public for other 20 years, and to which throw of the dice candour and common honesty to their servants was made to yield. So it pleases me to see Mr. Clarke, well known here for industry and talent, cut out his own road to independence. The subject has created some interest in Bengal; and 28 days are thought wonderfully short to acquire a language: but I conceive a common-sense elucidation is open. Bengallee is one of the easiest of languages, and the assiduity, quickness and perseverance of Mr. Clarke are of the first order. I may speak to what I have seen years ago as to Mr. Clarke's power over the impracticable Chinese. I wandered with him over some islands, and came on a group of peasantry, lads and lasses; he got amongst them, spoke, and answered fluently: and his jokes were much appreciated and applauded: and, I believe, it is a received fact that it requires more colloquial knowledge to give a passage of Foote or of Moliere, than of Addison or Corneille: I there- fore consider that at the age he had then attained, Mr. Clarke was a first rate Chinese scholar.—One company's servant (now here) was, by the hong-mer- chants, considered to write purer chinese; but I know no man (not even Gutzlaff) that I would sooner have speak for me to the people of Canton than Mr. Clarke. I hope the discriminating and impartial judgment of lord William Bentinck may reward the quickness and zeal shown by a good appointment; and in doing so he will be holding out a stimulus to industry, and placing a gentle- man in the employ who (ceteris paribus) has shown that some essential qualifications are not wantiug, DeLTA. REPUBLICAN SPAN ISH DOLLARS. We hear a proposal is in contemplation to attempt introducing into Canton circulation the dollars of the new south American states, which, though of equal fineness with the regular Spanish dollar, have not hitherto been received in payment by the Chinese, owing to the comparative novelty of the device they bear. We wish well to the project in view; and, as having some relation to the subject, we publish the following edict, issued in 1825 on a question very nearly similar in its nature. The success of the appli- cation then made to government would seem to suggest the adviseableness of a similar application on the present occasion. Edict from the hoppo, fixing the currency of dollars; received from the merchants 4th May, 1825. Tseih, hoppo of Canton &c. &c. to the merchants. “I received a communication from the viceroy to this effect” On the 27th day of 2nd moon, the Nanhae and Pwan- yu heens presented an address, saying, that on the 3rd day of the 2nd moon, they had received the mandate of the viceroy acquainting them, that the hoppo had made a com- munication to this effect. “The merchants presented to me a petition from the American foreign merchant Cushing, stating as follows. “We, foreigners, bringing dollars in our vessels, there are among these dollars some which are called Kow-tseen, " but which are of the same standard as the + Fan-meen dollars which have always been imported, and they originally circulated freely: but lately it has been customary with those who dealt with me, to charge a discount of 4 or 5 candareens on each of these dollars before they would receive them. It is entreated that an order may be issued, giving to the Kow-tseen dollars a current value equal to that of the Fan meen dollars'; and so forth. I, the hoppo, forthwith directed the two beens, in conjunction with the merchants, to take some oi both species of dollars, and cause them to be assayed, by the government assay officer, at the office of the heens. If the two sorts of dollars were really of equal value, they were immediately to inform me of it, and at the same time to issue a procla- mation, declaring the same, and requiring all persons to receive them as such”. The two heens forth with caused the merchants to proceed with them to the heens office, carrying with them specimens of both sorts of dollars, and the government assay officer was ordered in their presence to assay each sort separately in a crucible. The result was as follows: the total weight of 14 Kow-tseen dollars, (alloy included) was 10tales Om 6c; weight of sysee, St. 9m 8c; sysee per each tale, 8m 92c. 64414. The total weight of 14 Fan-meen dollars (alloy included) was 10t 0m 7c, weight of sysee 9t. On 2C; sysee per each tale, 8m 950. 7299. The inferiority of the Kow-tseen dollars in comparison with the Fan-meen dollars per each tale=8m 9c5c. 7299– 8m 9c 2c. 64414=3cash. 08576. Estimating the dollar at 7m 2e this will give to each Kow-tseen dollar a com- parative inferiority of 2Cash. 221. The heens submit whether it will not be advisable to cut off the decinal parts and issue a proclamation to all merchants, artisans, soldiers and people, to receive each Kow tseen dollar at a discount of 2 cash for the sake of public convenience. “The above information coming to me the viceroy it is considered expedient, (according to the proposition of the ſheens) to, request the hoppo to issue a general proclama- tion to all merchants, artisans, soldiers and people, to receive each Kow-tseen dollar at a discount of 2 cash for the future.” The above coming to me the hoppo, it is fit that I issue this mandate to the hong merchants; that they may transmit it to the foreign merchants and require their obedience thereto. Taou-kwang, 5th year, 3rd moon, 9th day. * Money on which there is a discount * Foreign-face, same times called Kwei-meen, Devil’s-face FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE CH IN ESE EMPIR E. We have never heard that the potentates of Asia were at any time anxious to maintain the balance of power and to wage war in order to restore it. Little interested in the fate of neighbouring states, they either fought for self preservation or conquest, and sought accordingly for for- eign alliances. China, comprising in its boundaries the most fertile parts of central eastern Asia, could find little interest in carrying conquest over immense deserts or cloud capped mountains, and every attempt to overstep the natural boundaries have more or less proved injurious to the country. , Having seldom an occasion for invoking foreign help, and being taught by experience, that the wolves of the desert, whose help was called in, instead of protecting the sheep devored them, the Chinese always hesitated ū lean upon foreign auxiliaries ; and only when matters were past remedy, they adopted so desperate a step. That there have been exceptions of traitors who, fortifying them- selves with foreign aid, ruined their country and benefited themselves, can easily be imagined. - THE CANTON REGISTER. As the Chinese can derive so little profit from foreign states, they either view them as objects of dread or con- tempt; treating the one with suspicion and deceit, and the other with the utmost scorn. This policy has been invari- ably maintained by all dynasties; and even the Tatars, who profited by the deviation from this principle, are at present its stanchest advocates. Unless China be drawn into the po- litical system of European powers, it will not, nor can it ever, yield up this repulsive policy. If the question were put to us, whether they have been the gainers by it or not, we should most decidedly answer in the negative; for the same distrust to foreign relations, the want of alliances, has often hurried China to the brink of ruin, and will continue to operate to its injury. Yet some persons, who are not acquainted with Chinese history, will admire the policy which has hitherto steered clear of all foreign relatfons; as well might the Chinese congratulate the savages of the Andaman islands or Dajaks of Borneo, for having been far more successful in this endeavour. The closest foreign relation is with Corea, a kingdom which, in the fullest sense of the word, may be called tribut- ary to China. A tribute bearer, repairs thrice a year from thence to Peking; the succession to the throne, the mar- riage of the king is regulated by imperial pleasure, yet no standing army retains this state in subjection to its liege lord; it is a vassalage dictated by fear on account of the neighbourhood of Mantchooria and China, and, though often interrupted, founded upon the most ancient caims. Yet, notwithstanding this diplomatic relation, the king of Corea is otherwise sovereign lord in his country; the tribute he pays is trifling; and the expences of the embassies are rich- iy repaid by the profits upon the trade, which the embas- sador and his retinue carry on the road and at the capital. Yet it is very astonishing, that there should be so little intercourse between the nations themselves, for both guard their frontiers with the utinost vigilance, and do not permit their respective subjects to over-step them. It is only at the annual fair at Tung-hwang, a frontier town of Mant- thooria, that Chinese, Mantchoos and Coreans can mingle in undisturbed friendship; yet their trade is restricted to a certain quantity, and there are strict regulations to pre- vent smuggling, which nevertheless are evaded. Two states therefore agree, that international intercourse ought as much as possible to be restrained, but as the state of mankind urgently demands some communication, either commercial or political, they have abridged it as much as it was in their power. Formerly, however, the Chinese pas; sessed for greater privileges than now. They then reprared to Corea as merchants or colonists; but in these enlightened times the coreans have found out that foreign traffic is ruinous, and colonists from other countries, were it even from the neighbouring Shantung, impoverish the country: thus it is necessary to prevent both from coperating to the great injury of the state. Nor are the natives allowed to visit other parts of the world, for fear of contaminating their morals and introducing improvements into their coun- try, which would be horrible treason. (To be continued.) A PARALLEL BETWEEN THE CHINES E AND ROMAN FM PI RES. Mankind, in their present state of imperfection, must be under the control of government, but it is difficult to decide, whether large or petty governments are more conducive to the happiness of the great multitude. Extensive empires, which number myriads of subjects, knit the great family of human kindred firmly together, and put a stop to destruct- ive wars, which are the natural consequences of divided and rival powers. What mankind gains in the establish- ment of peace, is again balanced by the loss of vigour in national spirit, which is nourished by the conflict of nations. Despotism is also more congenial to extensive empires, whilst freedom is the natural result in states which main- tain their existence by the valour of their citizens. Accord- ing to the estimate we form of national prosperity shall we decide whether China, when divided amongat many princes, enjoyed greater happiness than when united under one 11 common head:—whether the state of the western world, under the empire of the romans, was preferable to the existing condition of the great European commonwealth. Men in a savage state never submit in great numbers to one | eaſl; civilisation draws the bonds of society closer; the ambition and dexterity of individuals acclerates the union of tribes, and universal empire can only be founded upon the improvement of society. But, when once the edifice is erected, the builder becomes absolute master, and des- potisin follows soon, if not immediately, as the guardian of this huge structure. Infidels even must admit, that the mighty hand of pro- vidence turns the wheels of human events, though generally mysteriously to our mortal eyes. The wisdom of God, which ordained the rise and fall of great empires, did it for the welfare of mankind in general; though the existence of most of them might be called by a superficial observer a necessary evil, the pious historion can trace the incalculable benefits which have accrued from them to the human race. In the west of the great continent we recall the past grandeur of the Roman empire to our remembrance, whilst we continue to wonder at the colossus on its eastern ex- tremity. None of the great empires which rose succes- sively in Europe or Asia were either superior or even equal to the roman and chinese, which contest with each other the palm of eminence; but Rome can only point to the ruins of its grandeur, whilst China has but to shew the census of its people, to prove both its past and present greatness. Its origin exceeds by far the roman era, whilst its stability is peerless in the pages of history. Yet the rise of these two monarchies how different! A free people subjects the world to its sway by valour and grasping ambition, whilst the laborious and prolific Chinese multiply at a progressive ratio, and claim the soil for their own which they have gained from the flood or have contended for with the wild beast of the forest. The great impulse to extend their possessions, is to obtain ſoud for themselves and a numerous progenv, whilst the roman builds his empire upon the ruins of kingdoms. But both, by the most different methods, come to the same result:—the romans as conquerors, the chinese as cultivators. Here we have one family connected by similarity of language, character, man- ners, and religions; there we see numberless nations, entirely different, bow in mute submission to the drealful roman name. One compact material constitutes the edifice of the eastern; state many jarring elements the western's cºuld it be problematical which of them would exist the longest! In the romans it was the love of liberty which rendered them masters of the world; the chinese monarchy was called into existence by a general acquiescence in despotism. Both, separated from the rest of the world by natural boundaries, prided themselves on being the only civilized nations; but the romans had borrowed foreign aid; the chinese claim their progress in civilization entirely as their own. Violent tempests agitated the roman world, and the stately palace was swept away by an irresistible torrent from the north and east; the chinese structure, though often submerg- ed and falling in ruins, is yet, the materials remaining, very soon rebuilt. If the shock which China imparted to the west by driving the huns from its frontiers had been reversed, if the Germanic and Slavonic tribes had pressed the huns to seek new pastures in the fertile provinces of China, what would now have been the state of the world? Rome underwent a revolution in the minds of the people; a spiritual worship, the only true and acceptable one, destroy- led the temples and idols; but during the periods of darkness a monster arose npon the overthrow of idolatry, and claimed for the second time universal empire in the strength of its spiritual power. But China changed its opinions and its religions seldom or never, and though it adopted a foreign superstition nearly at the same time that Rome sunk back into darkness, this only tended to enslave the human mind still more, and to render it incapable of change. The roman emperor was regarded as the head of the republic, the first of a number of free citizens; the emperor of China is the father of all his subjects, aud 12 THE CAN"ON REºs"TER, moreover heaven's viceregent on earth. Such is the dis- similarity between these two potentates, that the former disguised the exercise of arbitrary power by the decrees of of a servile senate, whilst the latter considers it his peculiar privilege to be the sole sovereign of his will, and a tyrant under the tender name of father. No martial nobi- lity or stubborn commons, tenacious of property and their rights, contest in a representative assembly the acts of the Chinese monarch; his counsellors are his creatures, his censors are paid by himself, the government forms a com- pact body in which the people have no voice; the ground of their hope is in the mercy of rulers, but not in the acknowledgment of their prerogative. Though this creates union and vigour in the administration, it severs the bonds between the state and the nation; the subject loses his patriotism, and the government may rise or fall without calling forth sympathy in the breasts of the people. When the imperial dignity at Rome and at Constantinople gradually became equally despotic, a nation of slaves could silently brook the ruin of their native country, and behold with apathy the violent revolu- tions which generally placed a fortunate and bardy soldier upon the throue. In China, the succession of a line of princes is better appreciated; nor has military talent an equal scope to rise to such dangerous eminence. The roman subject, in comparison with the chinese, was a freeman; in one country, the terror of the military kept the nation submissive, in the other the civil administration enforces subjection. The roman emperor was the self- constituted general of his armies, the supreme pontiff and censor; the chinese is seldom desirous of personal martial glory, and he submits apparently to the harshest reprimands of his censors. Nevertheless, he derives his sole authority from the azure heavens, while the roman despot respected the will of the people or of his army. The most arbitrary acts of the former are laid before the nation in an official gazette, under the garb of lawful proceedings aud the ex- hibition of mercy and tender compassion; lies and absur- dities are skilfully blended with truth, and every advan- tage is taken to give the whole the appearance of justice; trifling occurrences are magnified into important matters, in order to hide the more serious affairs; and the whole is conveyed in dignified and often bombastic language. But their respective tasks of ruling over a great nation widely differ. Rome had subjected nations who spoke different languages; their habits, religion, and interests had nothing in common with each other; they still remembered the times when they were independent, and often bore the yoke with reluctance. Though the introduction of the greek and latin languages contributed towards assuaging their fierceness and engendering a public spirit, yet national distinctions never disappeared entirely. In China, however, the great bulk of the people write the same character and use the same language; they can have no private interests, no recollection of former liberty, and therefore unite will- ingly under one common head. Those nations who acknow- ledge the chinese sway are too powerless to resist oppres- sion with success. In the roman empire rival emperors could find great support and maintain themselves; in China two monarchies have often for a time co-existed; the tributary princes have entered a sharp contest for the highest dignity, yet the country has speedily been reunited under one sovereign. The roman empire was decidedly in a more flourishing state than the chinese has ever been in. The same freedom which diffused the vices, extended likewise the improvements of social life. The stupenduous monuments, the traces of which no time could efface, prove the bold conception of those who had leisure, talents, and riches to execute them. China, however, has only one “great wall', a few pagodas and canals, to prove the determined industry of a nation, which has no leisure for works of art, but studies usefulness in every branch. In the dress of the romans, their table, their houses, their furniture, the rich united every refinent of conveniency, elegance, and splendour; how far different the favorites of fortune in China! Few and monotonous are their enjoyments, but equally so their vices. 0 Amongst 31 62 70 the poorer classes misery seems to have been the same, but the number of wretched beings appears to be much larger in China. Whether this is to be ascribed to the division of property, or to the great population, or to the administra- tion of government, we shall not undertake to determine. Both nations, however, are chargeable with the horrible crime of infanticide, which continued to be practised amongst the romans, until Christianity asserted its benevo- lent sway. The love of letters, almost inseparable from peace and refinement, prevailed in both countries; but what advantages the chinese have possessed above the romans, by being early enabled to avail themselves of printing! What would the state of the world now have been, if printing had been invented as early as the age of Augustus! (To be continued.) Persian ideas of the E.I company. (From a correspondent) The confusion of ideas so often entertained about the H.E.I.Co. and the king of England, through the more distant portions of Asia, may be faintly figured by the extract under. Conolly's travels. Vol. 1. Page 285. Scene, Meshed, presence of Allee Meerza. The Shahzadeh wished to know whether I was a servant of the king of England or of the compa.ice. “Of the latter, themselves the devoted servants of “His Majesty the king of England, and emperor of the seas.”— “Companee che chees ust?” asked the prince;” what is the company t” I was about to explain the mystery of the twenty-four stools, when the Vuzeer con- fidently answered, that Sir John Malcolm was the company. I would have corrected him, but no, he was quite positive. “Ask me,” said he, with the air of a man entirely master of his subject, “ask me, I possess information on that score; Sir John Malcolm first came as Elchee to the king of kings, and then went to Bombay and became coompanee.” It was plain that any assertions on my part would be lost, and, considering that the honorable court might be more unworthily represented, I suffered the Wuzeer to abide in his concei and bore the reproach of not knowing so much about my own country as di a man who had never left Irān Thus does this anomaly deceive the world. In leadenhall street, its unpretending and apparently powerless existence is manifested by twenty four old gentlemen, at one time the presidents at a tea sale, at another the legislators for India, and then poring over their own ledgers and balance sheets! In India its presence is known by a standing army of 100000 sepoys; in China by its dealings in tea; and in Persia its embodied personification is a worthy but somewhat talkative baronet! Can any one doubt that the moral strength of Great Britain is lessened by these useless delusions. Mºreorologicºi, DIARY FOR DECEMBER. Threr M. B.A.R. - e-A-> night. noon. WINDs. © 1 55 68 30:20 NE a NW. fine weather light vble. breeze. 3 2 55 68 30:20 N a NE-do. moderate breeze. # 3 49 65 30:35 N a NW. do. —do. ); 4 48 65 30:30 N a NW.-do. —do. 2 5 51 65 30:30 N a NW. do. —do. * 6 50 66 30:30 N a NW.-do. light breeze. - O7 50 67 30:30 SE. foggy first part, mid. &latter fine, lt. br. ©8 49 70 30:25 N. fine weather light breeze. A 9 51 68 30:30 N a Nby E. do.— —do. § 10 50 68 30:30 N a NNW.—do.—do. }ſ 11 51 68 30:25 E a SE.—-do.—do. § 12 56 70 30:05 E a SE.--—do.—do- 5 13 60 74 30:10 SE a NW-do. do. wble. O 14 60 74 30:10 N a SE. -—do. do. © 15 63 70 30:20 E a N. cloudy 1st part, light breeze.lat.mod. f 16 58 70 30:15 E a SW. fine weather, light and vble breeze. ; 17 60 62 30:15 N. cloudy, light rain latterly, mod. breeze. Xſ 18 52 56 30:20 N a E.-do.—first part, mod. br. latter lt.br. * 1955 62 30:20 N a SE.do.most part, light br. variable. º, 20 52 65 30:20 E a SE. fine weather mod. breeze. O21 55 68 30:20 E a S.—do.—light breeze. 22 59 70 30:20 E a SE. cloudy—do. 3 23 63 71 30:10 SE a E.--do.—most part, rain latter part. ; 24 58 64 30:20 N a NNW.—do.—with lt. rn.at times, mod.br. Yſ 25 58 64 30:20 N a NNW. cloudy throughout, mod. breeze. * 26 58 64 30:20 E a SE.-do.—do. * 27 60 7.0 30:20 E a SE. fine weather, light breeze. O2S 60 7.0 30:15 E a SE. do. do. (929 60-70 30:20 E. a SE. foggy 1st part, mid.&latter fine: & 30 61 70 30:20 N a SE. cloudy throughout, light breeze. 30:15 NE a E.—do.—do. THE § Gºlfº \! {3D} º Sº Nºt?, “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “ press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. VOL. 8. =- PRICE 50 CENTs. ºv:spaz, JANUARY 27TH, 1835. No.4. ) MANILA SINGAPORE AND BATAVIA. - HE PLEIADES, J. C. Ross, will leave for the above ports with all despatch; receiving Cargo, should any offer, at Lintin or Macao. patch; § go, A R THUR SAUNDERS KEATING. Canton, January 18th, 1835. FOR SINGAPORE, RHIO, AND BATAVIA. HE Dutch bark Louis A. To sail immediately, with or without freight. Apply to A. S. KEATING. FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER. HE fine teak-built ship, ANNA ROBERTSON, Captain Alexander Nairne; Register tonnage 447 Tons. Apply to JARDIsr, Maturson & Co. or to D. Mc. Culloch, Psq. FREIGHT TO HAM BURG OR HOLLAND. N the well known teak built and fast sailing vessel SYDEN, of 800 Tons; John Burd, Commander. Tenders will be received by Cartain Burn or JARDINE, MAtheson & Co. TENTH CANTON INSURANCE OFFICE. ARTIES intending to apply for Insurance are requested to give previous notice, in order that the vessels in which they propose to ship may be duly surveyed, (free of expense to the assured,) before commencing to receive cargo. JAR pixº, MATHEson & Co. General Agents. DECIMA COMPANHIA DE SEGURO DE CANTAO. - spcssons que pertenderem fazer applicacoens para Seguro nesta officina A. sao prevenidas para darem previa noticia a fim de que os Navios sobre os quaes forem of recidos os riscos possno ser deyidamente examinados antes de comecarem a receber carga. Jatoi wr, Matirtson & Co. General Agents. OUTH American Copper, 2,300 piculs, on board the ship"Porcia” at Lintin, for sale by ... . F. S. HATHAway. - Canton, December 2nd, 1834. No. 4 old English Factory. FOR S.A.L.E. HE Teak-built Ship ERNAAD. For particulars apply to I D. & M. RUSTOMJ EF. BRITISH CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF CANTON. Ta General Meeting of the British Chamber of Commerce held on the 13th day of January 1835, it was resolved; 1. That until further notice any British merchant of Canton may become a member of the chamber, by stating to the Secretary his wish to that effect, and paying the established fees. 2. That, in order to afford the utmost facility for the adoption of such improvements as experience may suggest, the regulations now existing be declared probationary, and that they may be altered by a majority at any special meeting convened for the purpose, after seven days notice and speci- fication of the object in view. By order of the committee, W. Sprott Boyd, Secretary. British Chamber of Commerce Canton, 13th January, 1835. THE CIHNESE COMMERCIAL GUIDE, S” at the Canton Register office, No. 4 Danish Hong. Price 8 I,50 Cents. º HIBBFRT'S PALE ALF. ALE ALE in butts from HIBBERT, so well known for his extensive P supplies sent to the United States, may be had on application to R. MARKwick & Co. OR SALE, two Factories; for particulars apply to Canton, 11th December, 1834. NOTICE. UST received and for sale at R. MARKwick & Co. few cases Genièvre de Hollande, from the celebrated House of Graham & Co. Rotterdam. Canton 22d December 1834. STATEMENT OF THE BRITISH TRAI) E, OR the year ending March, 1834. Price 25 cents. Apply at the Canton F Register office, No. 4 Danish Hong. R. Edwards. 3 American Hong AT LINTIN FOR SALE. OD Iron assorted. Chain Cables Inch to # Inch. Anchors, 13 cwt. R to 17 cwt. Rose nails of all sizes. Iron spikes, 2 to 4 Inches. Cordage, assorted, 13 to 6; Inches. Sheathing Copper, 18 to 36 ounces. Sheathing nails, 1% to 1+ Inches. Canvas, ... Nos. 1 to 7. Boat guns. Apply to CaptaIN PARRY Ship “Hencules,” or to Canton, 16th January, 1835. JARDIN E, MAtheson & Co. NOTICE. HE “Union Insurance Society of Canton” established on the 1st January 1835 for Marine Insurance, is now in action. Canton 10th. January, 1835. Thomas DLNr. & Co. Secretaries. Payable in case of loss by OFFICIAL NOTIFICATION. URSUANT to instructions under the Royal Sign Manual, Sir George Best Robinson, Baronet, late second Superintendent, has this day assumed the office of the Chief Superintendent of British trade in China, vacant by the resignation of John Francis Davis, Esquire; and conformably to the provisions of the aforesaid Royal instructions, John Harvey Astell, Esquire, late third Superintendent, has succeeded to the office of second and Charles Elliot, Captain in the Royal Navy, late Secretary and Treasurer, to that of third Superintendent. Alexander Robert Johnston, Esquire, has been appointed by the Chief Superintendent to fill the office of Secretary and Treasurer to the Commission. By order of the Superintendents, A. R. JOHNSTON, Macao, January 19th, 1835. Secretary. | OTICE is hereby given that the undersigned is ready to receive sealed offers, on or before noon of the 18th February next, for the purchase of the Cutter LOUISA, together with all her stores, armament, &c. &c. It is requested that the words “Sealed offer” be superscribed on the envelope. -. Lists of the stores, armament, &c. may be procured in the course of a few days at Messrs Markwick and Co. at Macao and Canton. By order of the Superintendents, A. R. Johnston, Secretary and Treasurer. FOR SALE. Small batch of Choice old MADEIRA WINE, imported from the well known house of Blackburne & Co. in wood and in bottle. , At $260: per pipe.—or $10 per dozen. Apply to Canton, 24. January 1835. SURVEYORTFORT TOYDS. AVING appointed Mr. William Mackenzie, (late commander of the ship H. Hormajce Bomanjee) as Surveyor of shipping on our behalf, public notice thereof is hereby given for the information of parties requiring the servi- ces of such an officer; settling with him for the same. Jolis TEMPLEToN & Co. Agents for Lloyd's. NOTICE. - INDEMNITY INSURANCE OFFICE OF CALCUTTA. ISKS for all parts of the world will be taken by J. Good ARD, Agent for the office in China, R. Markwick & Co. Messrs. GREGson, Melville & KNight, Agents in London do. do. Messrs. Gil. MoRE & Co. ,, in Calcutta TO RENT. - ( )N; half of one of the neatest and most convenient Factories in Canton newly furnished. For particulars apply to - No. 3. Imperial Hong. R. MARKwick & Co. NOTICE. - * UBSCRIPTION to the Canton Register and General Price Current. per annum $ 16 payable quarterly. Do. 6 mo. 10 - ra- Do. 3 no. 8 : do. in advance. Do. to the Register, annum 12 do. quarterly. Do. 6 mo. Do. 3 mo. . : do. in advance. Do. to the Canton General Price Current per ann. $ 5. - Subscribers taking 25 copies of the Price Current will be charged for their Extra numbers 10 cents, other subscribers 15 cents each number. HARGES for advertising in the Canton Register and Canton General Price Current. Vessels for freight &c. 85 Advertisement, not exceeding seven lines, each insertion, 1 do, Continued for 3 months, - - -* ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N T © N. The MERMAID, Stavers, from Calcutta, is the only vessel whose arrival this week has been reported. By her we have received some Madras and Calcutta papers, all of old dates. On the departure of Mr. Davis, the late superintendent of the British trade in China, Sir George Best Robinson, Lt. succeeded him in that important and onerous &z-3 × *~~~ ~~~~3. Tºra oANTon REGISTER. - 1 5 perhaps had any state such well disciplined troops. Yet the feeble chinese prevented the overthrow of their monarchy by timely submission; whilst the romans fought until the undisciplined barbarians had learnt their tactics, and, adding their natural valour and fierceness to their acquire- ments, became irresistible. Yet a higher power presides over the destinies of nations, and the chinese empire was reserved until this time for a higher purpose than human É. is able to discover. It is the only one which has out- lived the most fearful revolutions, and preserved its ancient character. Hoary-headed, and belonging to an age long gone by, it stands amongst its youthful contemporaries of the west, who have divided the spoils of Rome among them. selves. We ought to reverence old age, and learn from it wisdom; but when it has declined into dotage, we can only pity its whines and resist its arrogance. The Civilized world versus CHINA. The inhabitants composing the different nations of the globe are but tenants for life % certain attributes of the portions of the earth respectively alloted to them, by the great maker of us all, to afford them subsistence and enjoy- ment. That great granter never disponed to king, man- darin, or emperor, the air we beathe, the sun which warms and give us light, the water we drink! or any property which is not possessed as a reward for labour; which he doomed all human beings to earn their daily bread by: How is it then that China, occupying a noticeable por- tion of the globe, is permitted to oppose itself to those laws which our beneficent maker said, let be established? The first words of God, after the deluge, were, “encrease and multiply, and people the earth.” They follow this com- mandent themselves, but deny it to other men. . They deny shelter to ships in distress, food!—in case of want, even water!—they refuse to the small portion of foreigners in China, air and healthful exercise. How is it that these base and immoral acts are tolerated? because China is strong?—No!!—because Europe has been hood-winked! DELTA, FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE CHINES E EMPIRE. [ Concluded from No. 3, Page 11. J Japan was formerly less repulsive in its political inter- course; yet China has, nevertheless, had little communication with that country, which from thence received its literature and civilisation. Even until now it is not better known to the chinese than Scandinavia to the romans. The ar- rogance and ambition of Kublae viewed it as an easy con- quest; but his ill success taught the japanese to look upon the chinese with contempt, and, instead of waiting for a descent upon their coasts, they proceeded to make piratical excursions on the long indefensible shores of China. The japanese, thereby, rendered themselves very odious, and their invasion of Corea, in the sixteenth century, made them an object of terror to the chinese monarchs. The diplomatical intercourse, which then existed between the two countries, was the work of necessity, and ceased as soon as the peace was concluded. In this instance, however, the chinese so far descended from their customary dignity as to despatch em- bassadors to the japanese. The intercourse now carried on between the two countries is strictly commercial, and we see the chinese in Japan placed just upon the same footing as they would like to put foreigners. Though even im- perial merchants are embarked in this, trade, and govern- ment itself has engrossed the principal branch, the chinese supercargoes subject themselves to greater indignities than any other nation, without being able to appeal for redress to the court at Jeddo. There existed once a friendship between these two countries, which had arisen from the similarity of literature and religiou, the chinese were here the masters and the japanese their humble pupils. Chinese literature, however, soon reached the same height in Japan as in the mother country; both countries, therefore, became competiors. The Budla priests, who proceeded from Chekeang province to Japan, met with greater honors than their literary companions. The odour of their sanctity was so great as to encourage others to cross the sea in hopes of amassing riches from the liberality of their bigotted votaries. A solitary priest, from the island Pooto, may now occasi- onally find his way to Nangasaki; but he remains there as despised and neglected as in his own country; for the ja- panese have a numerous swarm of priests of their own. The foreign rejations with Mongolia are of a different nature altogether. The Aimaks, or tribes, whose territory bordered upon Mantchooria, and who had partly been ex- pelled from China by the Ming dynasty, were the natural allies of the Mantchoo, and joining their standards at the very outset for the conquest of China, they naturally shared the spoils, and had one common interest. But the relation between outer Mongolia and China was cemented as late as the reign of Kang-he. An attack of the calmucks found the mongols, whose ancestors were once the conquerors of Asia and Europe, in the most helpless condition. But being aided by the chinese, their inveterate enemies were totally routed, and their desire of placing themselves under chi- nese protection was accelerated both by a sense of gratitude and a fear of the growing power of Russia. They are strictly vassals, too poor to bestow any thing upon their liege lords, but eager to receive from their hands both honors and emoluments. They are on a similar footing with the chinese as the Rhine confederation stood with Napoleon, and will prove as dangerous enemies as they are useless friends. But the long state of tranquility in which they have lived, and the little interference of the chinese court in their domestic affairs, has rendered them averse to changes, which can scarcely be for the better. As they are the only gainers in their relation as vassals, they are neither too high-spirited to overlook their self interest, nor too warlike to disdain the fetters of a peaceful, though often vexatious, reign. China. itself has all the honor and expense to maintain such an alliance, which is necessary for the security of the northern provinces. In no reign, however, was the well adapted policy of the chinese so conspicuous as in that of the present dynasty; nor were they ever enabled to exercise so- undisputed a sway over the minds of these roving multitudes. The intercourse with Thibet assumes more the ap- pearance of a master with his servant, then that of one free country with the other. The grand object of China in maintaining its sway in that country, is to manage the priests, who exercise an uncontroled authority over the Mongols. As long as they have the Dalai Lama and the Banchin Endeni, with their numerous host of dependents in their power, the emperor is naturally as strong as the king of France, when the pope resided at Avignon. But when these priests have broken the chains which joined their interests to the chinese; when they stir up the minds of their blind votaries to revolt, they become a more formidable body, than even the Hassacs and Turkestans. It is, there- fore, no wonder that the chinese court most anxiously cultivates the friendship of these haughty priests, whilst it. keeps them in bondage. It may naturally be expected, that the Nepaulese and Bootanese must gradually share the fate of the Thibeteans, if the chinese continue the same system. The frontier of Cochinchina and China is marked by brass pillars, to prevent encroachment on either side. After such long and repeated aggressions, wars and bloodshed, both states have finally learned, that it is far more preferable to give up some miles of territory for the preservation of peace, than to wage war, and ruin a thousand fluorishing cities and villages. Yet both states are distrustful of each other's intention; and though Cochinchina is viewed as a tributary state by the Peking court, it has never given sincere proofs of its loyalty. An ambassador may occasionally go to the capital and repair thither as tribute bearer; but the Cochin- chinese monarch is far from acknowledging fealty, and has often proved to be an implacable though weak enemy. Thus there exists little friendship between these neighbours; nor is the commercial relations of these two kingdoms of 16 THE CANTon REGISTER. great importance. The harbours of Cochinchina are fre- quented by chinese junks, but few Cochinchinese vessels come to China. The reason for this is not to be sought in the existence of any hostile feeling and prohibition, but rather in the poverty and despotism of Annam. Siam tenders a voluntary homage to China, because self interest dictates this course. It is nothing but the empty pageantry of an annual embassy; literally a tribute bearer, for the sole object of presenting to the universal political father the produce of that country. The embas- sador, a man of low degree, does naturally not hesitate to perform all prostrations, and he is as insignificatly dismissed as received, without attracting any notice. The only point gained is the exemption from duties of those vessels which either brought the envoy or came in his train. However, the commercial relation of Siam with China is of far greater importance, and concerns the very resources of the former. . As it is conducted upon the most liberal principles, the trade naturally flourishes, and is still in a progressive state. It is very evident that Siam ranks very high in the imperial favour; yet heaven's son does not deign to interfere the least degree in its administration; nor does he extend his pro- tecting and mediating hand, whenever war or bloodshed would render such interference of the highest moment. Burmah haughtily refuses to acknowledge him as liege lord, whose armies have twice been beater upon its soil, but embassadors have passed between them; and the chinese have skilfully supposed them to be tribute bearers. The trade carried on in one of the frontier towns is under the surveillance of the officers, who have occasionally interfer- ed, much to the injury of the trade. The relative position of Russia to China has never been very friendly; but both parties have been anxious to main- tain peace. The Mongolian steppes, that intervene between the chinese frontier and Siberia, present insurmountable obstacles to a successful campaign. The chinese can naturally harbour no desire to encroach upon icefields; nor will the russians be desirous to engage in a quarrel to the ruin of their trade. Yet the north western frontiers of China are more accessible, and when russian influence has fully hrought the Hassacs Khirgis to subjection, China will have a dangerous neighbour. Nor can it be expected, that so powerful an empire as Russia will continue to treat the frequent feuds on the frontiers as mere trifles. China has long enough awed the neighbouring nations by grand- deur and pride; the veil, however, is now lifted, and we see this kingdom, in a weak defenceless state, hectoring and bidding defiance, whilst trembling at the consequences of hostilities, which under such circumstances cannot be avoided. - The maritime commercial relations of China with Europe and America are too well known to our readers to need any comment. The chinese government is of course afraid to extend this intercourse; which, notwithstanding all prohibitions, will continue to grow. But though apparently disregarding these petty barbarians, who, for the mere sake of gain, come such a distance, every well-informed chinese functionary is fully aware, that maritime China presents the most vulnerable part of the empire. As long as the coast remains unknown there is nothing to be apprehended; but every harbour, every bay has been visited by our shipping, and the imperturbable lethargy of our celestial friends will. very uncermoniously, be disturbed. If, however, the public officers have the tact to treat these intruders in such a manner as to leave them no cause of complaint, their presence is no longer to be feared. Once having learnt to abstain from petty annoyance, and to make justice the firmest support against foreign aggression, foreign intercourse will benefit, but never injure. RELEASE of IIING-TA E. Hing-tae the hong merchant, who was seized and imprisoned by the local authorities in August last, was released on the 21st instant. On this cruel act of shameful oppression lord Napier remarked in the following words:– “And I will also report to his (the emperor, Taou-Kwang) | “justice and indiguation the false and treacherous conduct “of governor Loo; and that of the present Kwang-chow-foo, “who has tortured the linguists, and cruelly imprisoned a “respectable individual, Sunshing (Hing-tae), a security “merchant, for not having acquiesced in a base lie, purpor- “ting that I arrived in Canton river in a merchant ship, “whereas, they are both aware that I made my passage and “arrived in one of the ships of war now at anchor in the “river.” (Wide lord Napier's letter to the secretary to the merchants meeting, september 8th, 1834, Register No. 37. Vol. 7) The foregoing extract is, at once, the condemnation of the local government and the eulogium of Hingtae:—he would not acquiesce in a base lie!—and he was deemed con- turnacious and imprisoned!—How he has been treated, and what efforts have been made to terrify him we have not heard; but we may probably say more on this subject in a future number. - ENG LISH M IN ISTRY A letter has just turned up per RU BY, which covered the following extract from the BEN GA L H U R KARU Ectra, of the 11th of movember, 1834; it being an extract from the Bombay Courier, received that morning in Calcutta, con- veying intelligence from England to the 18th of July viá St Petersburg and the Gulph. The Atitt Rohimon arrived yesterday from Bushire, which she left on the 30th ult. and brought English news up to the 18th July. We have not been able, as yet, to get any papers; nor indeed do we know whether any of a late date have been received by her, but from private letters, which just mention heads of intelligence without entering into details, it appears that Lord Grey actually resigned at the time specified in our last. Lord Mel- bourne is the new Premier; Lord Duncannon, who has been added to the English Peerage, is Secretary for the Home department. Lord Althorp it seems resigned with Lord Grey, but was prevailed upon to resume office. The cause of Lord Grey's resignation is stated to have been a difference of opinion in the Cabinet regarding the authority given to Courts Martial in the Irish Coercion Biſl. The unpopular clause has since been dropped. In the debate in the house of Lords on the 14th July, Lord Melbourne announced that immediately after the partial dissolution of the ministry, the king had charged him with the composition of the Cabinet; and that he had accepted this Commission only with the co-operation of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the concurrence of Lord Grey. The uew arrangements were not yet terminated. He subsequently stated that in consequence of the new composition of the cabinet the clauses of the Coercion bill against meetings would be suppressed; and that at present the discussion of the bill would not be continued in the house of Lords. This announcement occasioned a violent explosion on the side of the opposition. In the house of commons on the same evening lord Althorp made the same announcement that lord Melbourne had made in the lords, and proposed the adjournment of the house until the 17th, which was adopted. - On the evening of the 17th, lord Althorp proposed a new election in the place of lord Duncannon, and replied to a question of Sir Robert Peel that government persisted in the Irish tithes bill. But that the coercion bill would be brought forward with modifications. On the same day, on a ques- tion from Mr. Hume regarding the ecclesiastical commission for Ireland, lord Althorp replied that it had been submitted to the king and would be forth- with communicated to the house. The Times published on the same morning the new ministerial nominations. Lord Melbourne replaces lord Grey; lord Duncannon is Secretary of State for the interior, and is raised to the peerage with the title of lord Duncannon of Besborough. The department of Woods. and Forests with a seat in the Cabinet is given to Sir J. C. Hobhouse. Lord Althorp continues as Chancellor of the Exchequer. Mr. Hume has proposed an address to the noble lord requesting him to retain his situation. This had met with 300 signatures among the members of the House of Commons. The papers we have received afford no other news either regarding En- gland or the Continent of the slightest interest. From Persia the news is decisive and important. By a letter dated Tabreez, August 14th, it appears the Shah has named Mahoned Meerza (the eldest son of the late Abbas Meerza) heir to the throne. The uncles are said to be gradually reconciling themselves to this, which they at first considered a supercession. The young Prince has been received with . enthusiasm at the Capital, and has begun his Government with vigour. His minister—certainly the ablest man in Persia, though formerly one of the most indolent—has set to work con amore, and is doing more good than was ever expected from a Persian minister—reforming abuses—restraining the Priests—protecting the riots—upholding the authority of the Prince, and conducting the foreign relations with great tact and courage. In short it is added if he will only persevere in his present course nothing better can be desired. - The Russians comtemplating, it is presumed, the possibility of a rupture in Europe, are said to be wonderfully polite to the Persians, and not the less so since they have seen our officers and supplies coming in from all quarters. They have granted an additional delay of two months for the settlement of the crore of tomaums, and will give, it is supposed, a further delay if it be required, which it certainly will be. for the most part suſſering from fever, but are all convalescent. They were ; to move in about ten days to a camp formed on the borders of Turkey, partiſ for drill, and partly to co-operate with the Turkish forces from Lizeroon i putting down the predatory Koonds of the frontier. A. m We regret to say the Cholera has been raging at Bushire, and in mafiny . other places in the Gulf.-No ºther information has been received fro in the former place,—Bombay Courier, Oct. 25. Our officers have arrived at Tabreez, -º THE Q&\}{\@N Rººts\{N}{32 “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. Vºl. 3. Tºjº. L is Abb AG is o N MAN U FA C : U R is. - Any Gentleman willing to part with the above work will conſer a favor on a party desirous of purchasing it. Apply to the FDitor. or , 1, 1A. i., NO v 1. Considerable inconvenience and public expense having been incurred, by reason of the improper co:duct of certain masters of Priish merchant ves*ls in wil utiy leaving behind in this place, men belonging to the said vessels; Notice is hereby given, that this practice is contrary to Lay, and that the offence may be prosecuted by indictment or inform.ation at the Suit of is Majesty's Attorney General in the cºurt of Iinº's Bench at Westminster, as if it had been committed at Westminster in the county of Middlesex, and it is now declared, that the Superintendents will take measures to institute proceedings against any master or leasters of British merchant vessels found offending hercin in future. By order of the Suncrintendents, A. R. JG !! ~ :31'( , N. Secretary The ARGYLE, McDonald from Calcutta, and the RAss ELAs (Am.) Brewer, from the Sandwich Islands, are the only arrivals in the past week. Bo AT WITH Bo ATS CREW OF THE SHIP A R GY LE D Et Ai N E D BY Ti: E ('' ' ' ' 's E AT ST. Jo HN's. The holidays of the clanese new year have been sig- malized by a most indecorous act on the part of some of the government officers, holding, we believe, high rank. It will appear from the following letter that twelve British subjects were seized and detained by the Chinese to the westward, but whether by the local officers or by some Ladrones is uncertain. An attempt was made to bring the fact to the notice of the governor of Canton; but it was, for the tine, frustrated by the brutality of some military officers. Extract from Capt. McDonalds letter. “On standing over from Luconia for the coast of China we had a heavy gale from N E. lost nearly all our sails, and made the land to leedward of Sanciam, where I anchored for the night. Next morning sent the 1st. cutter to try and procure a pilot, with the 2nd. officer and eleven hands, who as soon as they landed were taken by the people on shore and made prisoners; the pilot that came on board about three hours afterwards gave us the informa- tion of our boats crew having been seized.” To represent the illtreatment and detention of this of. ficer and men, the third superintendent, Captain Elliot, R. N. accompanied by Mr. Gutzlaff, second chinese interpreter, and Captain McDonald, came from Macao in the cutter St. George, and casting anchor halfway between Wham- poa and Canton, pushed up in a small ship's boat, which they had borrowed from a Lintin opium ship, to the lauding place, Teen-tsze-ma-tow, where they went on shore, and entered the Chuh lan (, Bamboo rail) gate of the city about 8 A. M. on sunday the 1st of february .They carried an open letter, in which the circumstances were detailed, and also stating that “the affair concerned human life,” which was the reason of their presence in the city. After having advanced a short distance they were met by some officers who stopped their faither progress; and it is with extretire regret we learn that this opposition was accompanied by very rough treatment; Captain Elliot was twice struck over the head by one of his opponents, and—he being dressed in the uniform of a post-Captain of the British navy—the handle of his swºrd seized by the chinese, who fort!, with hurried the whole pºrty out of the city. It is said they then waited for about three hours outside of the gate, in hopes of their representation being received; but in vain; and about 11 A. M. without seeing, or com- municating with their countrymen, or other foreigners at Canton, they finally retired to the St. George at her an- chorage down the river; making use of a Chinese Sampan A., E.I.C.J.I.Y 3-tiº, i.835. Zi3. 5. 3 sºis. for this purpose, the ship's boat in which they lauded hav- ing been driven from the shore by the chinese, after which she made her way up to the factories. The above particulars were obtained ſrom Captain Mc. Donald of the Argyle, who made his appearance at the factories about 2 P. M. In the early part of the day a considerable sensation was excited atrong chinese as well as fore is ners, by the reported appearance of strangers at the gate, of whom noth- ing was known except that one was in uniform with sword, epaulettes and cocked hat: linguists were seen hurrying from the factorv to another, under pretence of ascertaining, for Howqua's information, who the parties were ; although we can scarcely suppose them to have been ignorant on this head. Presently, three lascars from the Lintin ship's jolly boat were descried, who inade known, after a good deal of cross examination, that they had come up, towed by the St. George, with the party alluded to as passengers, some of whose baggage was in the jolly boat. On this being examined, Captain Elliot's cocked hat case was observed, with his name engraved on it, which gaye the first clue to the discovery of who they were ; and some British subjects fort!, with hurried to the gate, in order to render assistance iſ required. They arrived too late however; for no foreign- er was there to be found ; and the affair was rendered only still more mysterious, for what had become of the petitioners, whether they had obtained an audience or were made prison- ers in the city, or what other fate had befallen them none could conjecture. The next step was to make for the St. George, to see if the party could be heard of there; and two gentleinen started on this errand. But before they returned the mystery was cleared up by the report of Captain Mc. Donald, as above given. It is satisfactory to learn from the gentlemen who saw Captain i.iiiot and Air. Gutzlaff in the St. George that they suffered no personal injury whatever from the violence offered to them. Captain Elliot spoke of taking up a ship to proceed to St. John's and obtain the release of the captured boat's crew. In this we apprehend no difficulty will be found; for the Chinese government will be naturally anxious to disavow the unlawful seizure, and punish it's perpretators, for which end measures are in progress, at the requisition of the agent for the Argyle, made through Howqua. - Commending as we do the zeal of H. M. superinten- dents on this occasion, we cannot but deeply regret that they should have allowed one of their own body to be helplessly exposed to insult from clinese underlings, as appears to have been the case; while the occurrence adds one more to the lamentable catalogue of failures, which tend to embolden the chinese in their conteii!; trious course of conduct toward the British authorities. And this, it is to be feared, may be ultimately reflected on British mer- chanis; who have hitherto never failed in obtaining atten- tion, and, rot unusually, satisfactory answers to remonstran- ces made at the city gate. It is mºcł, to be wished that the third superintendent had affºrded his countrymen an oppor- tunity of supporting him at the gate; and had this been done, even after the first repulse, we have not a doubt that the same success would have attended the mission as we had lately the pleasure of recording in the case of a British merchant; who, with the support of his friends, maintained his post at the gate for a whole day, and at last, by evincing a deteratination to pass the night there alone, if not attend. ed tº, he succeeded in , having his address received by the Kwang-Heep at 8 P.M. - We have no hesitation in saying, however, that we con- sider it derogatory to any British functionary to go through 18 Tºº CANTC J REGISTER. the humiliating form of presenting an address at the gate. And we earnestly join in the prayer contained in the late petition to His Majesty, that he will not “permit any future commissioner to set his foot on the shores of China, until ample assurance is afforded of a reception and treatulent suitable to the dignity of his commission.” In our columns will be found the translation of a letter signed “Habakkuk", taken from the Chronica de Macao of the 19th instant, and also some observations on it from our correspondent, Delta. We are extremely glad to know that the columns of the “Chronica de Macao” ate open to such communications; the collision of ideas and opinions is always productive of good and encrease of kuowledge. For ourselves, we invite the most unrestrained discussion on the China question, not in the least fearing that the policy of Great Britain will be such as to do her honor. Delta, very good naturedly, supposes “Habakkuk” to have been ironically inclined when he penned his epistle to the Editor of the Chronica de Macao; but we are sure that, he was in most melancholy earnest; and we consider it as the ridiculous attempt of an anonymous and unknown indivi- dual to weigh in his own small balance the thoughts and deeds of others. His assumption and presumption are not small when he tells the would that his letter is neces- sary to repel the pretensions of the English in China; which he is modestly pleased to term unwise, unjust, and very absurd. Argument he has none, for he has no premises. But he bas allowed himself the liberty of pronouncing on a question in which the honor and important mercantile interests of the British nation are concerned; and that with a bold latitude wholly unbecoming anyone when diſ. fering in opinion from the many When we take his own assertion for the goodness of his heart, he must allow us to doubt the soundness of his head; for he seems to forget that all his assertions cut both ways: and a complaint of the opium trade coines with a good grace from a native of that country whose merchants first introduced it into China, and still persevere in its introduction as far as their means can allow! His lament, therefore, for the small progress made by the true religion should be rung in the ears of his own countrymen, who certainly first opened the gates for the introduction of this most odious drug, and still do all they can to keep them open. - FIRE AT M A CA O. DESTRUCT 10 N of St. PA U L’s CHURCH. On Monday night the 26th instant this ancient and superb edifi e was totally destroyed by fire. From it's conspicuous situation, standing on almost the highest ground within the walls of Macao, the grand and awful sight of the blazing pile was visible to the whole city. The fire originated in the guard-house, which was a part of the build- ding, and occupied by soldiers. The church was built by the jesuits in 1602. We hope to see a full account of this melancholy event in the next Chronica de Macao. COMMERCIAL POLICY OF TU R K EY. The chinese are said to be a people either just above or just below the turks. There may be many points of resemb- lance between the two nations, as there are, indeed, between all Asiatics; but that the tusks hold the highest place when their foreign and commercial policy is considered there cannot be a doubt. The following extract from Mic ul- loch's Dictionary of commerce will prove the right of the moslems to be esteemed as a far more liberal nation than the self-sufficient sons of Han. (2d edition, page 384) Commºrcial Policy of the Turks.--It is singular that as respects com- merce, the policy of the Turkish government, whether originating in design or carelessness, is entitled to the highest praise. “No restrictions,” says Mr. Thornton, “are laid on commerce, except in the instance of a general prohibition of exporting the articles necessary for the support of human life to foreign countries, especially from the captal, where alone it is rigorously enforced ; and this impolitic restraint will no doubt be remov- ed, when the Turkish government shall become sensible, that what is that scarcity which is sometimes experie.ced. With this one exception, commerce is perfectly free and unfettered. Every article ºf foreign or domestic growth or manufacture is conveyed into every port, and over every province, without any interference on the part of the magistrates, after pay- + ment of the duties. On this subject 1 speak from actual experience, and may appeal to every foreign or native merchant in Turkey for its general truth.” (Present state of Turkey, vol. i. p. 82.) The duties, too are extremely moderate being only three per cent. on imports, and as much on exports; so that in almost all that relates to her commercial regulations, Turkey is entitled to read a lesson to the most civilised European powers; and this she has done in a very able manner, in an official paper published in the Moniteur Ottoman, in Sep- tember, IS32. We extract a few paragraphs from this very interesting document. “It is recognised throughout Furope that it would be useful to the great majority to substitute, for the system of prohibitions, that of liberty, which theoretical men advocate; the difficulty is, to find means to separate the future from the past without a violent rupture. Hence the difficulties of government in satisfying all the exigencies of agriculture, industry, and commerce, driven in a circle where every measure in favour of one, acts immediately in an inverse sense on the other. The endeavour is vain to establish, between so many crossing interests, a factitious equilibrium which absolute liberty of exchange alone can give. “Thus, one of the most important questions which occupies the meditation of statesmen in Furope, is, to discover how the palings which pen commerce tip in harrow spaces may be thrown down without shocks that might endanger public order. “Good sense, tolerance, and hospitality, have long ago done for the Ottoman empire, what the other states of Europe are endeavouring to effect by more or less happy political combinations. Since the throne of the sultans has been elevated at Constanti ople, commercial prohibitions have been unknown; they opened all the ports of their empire to the commerce, to the manufactures, to the territorial produce of the Occident, or, to say better, of the whole world. Liberty of commerce has reigned here without limits, as large, as extended as it was possible to be. “Never has the divan dreamed, under any pretext of national interest, or even of reciprocity, of restricting that faculty which has been exercised, and is to this day, in the most unlimited sense, by all the nations who wish to furnish a portion of the consumption of this vast empire, and to share in the produce of its territory. “Here every object of exchange is admitted, and circulated without meet- ing any obstacle other than the payment of an infinitely small portion of the value to the Custom-house. The chimera of a balance of trade never entered into heads sensible enough not to dream of calculating whether there was most profit in buying or selling. Thus the markets of Turkey, supplied from all countries, refusing no objects which mercantile spirit puts in circulation, and imposing no charge on the vessels that transport them, are seldom or never the scenes of those disordered movements occasioned by the sudden deficiency of such or such merchandise, which, exorbitantly raising prices are the scourges of the lower orders, by unsettling their habits, and by in- flicting privations. From the system of restrictions and prohibitions arise those devouring tides and ebbs which sweep away in a day the labour of years, and convert commerce into a career of alarms and perpetual dangers. In , Turkey, where, this system does not exist, these disastrous effects are unknown. - “The extreme moderation of the duties is the complcment of this régime of commercial liberty: and in no portion of the globe are the officers charged with the collection, of more contiding facility for the valuations, and §. decidedly conciliatory a spirit in every transaction regarding commerce. “Away with the supposition that these facilities granted to strangers, are concessions extorted from weakness! The dates of the contracts termed capitulations, which establish the rights actually enjoyed by foreign mer- chants, recall periods at which the Mussulman power was altogether pre- dominant in Europe. The first capitulation which France obtained was in 1535, from Soliman the Canonist (the Magnificent). The dispositions of these contracts have become antiquated, the fundamental principles r, main. Thus, 300 years ago, the sultans, by an act of mun ficence and of reason, anticipated the most ardent desires of civilised Europe, and proclaimed unlimited freedom of commerce.” Dear Mr. Editor, Some of my friends came to me a good deal excited, and informed me there was a formidable attack in the new Macao newspaper on our recent petition to our sovereign. I got hold of the letter alluded to, signed “Habakkuk’; ºnd you may judge of my surprise and pleasure when inste d of an opponent I found we had to hail in “Habak- kuk,” a zealous (though perhaps not a prudent) friend to ºur cause. The mistake originates naturally enough; “Haha'kuk” either writes in another language and is badly translated, or he is not sufficiently versed in Portuguese to deal in irony; for it turned out my friends had mistaken his irony for argument and his argument ſor irony. I am not much astonished at this: in matters merely personal it is not everv one who knows when the laugh is with him: or at hin: so in “Ha'akkuk” we have another assistant:-long may he continue to write. Yet that others, not so well versed in our chinese politics as you, Mr. Editor and I are, may run into no mistake, I just touch on two or three points to throw into stronger relief the irony contained in it: thus, a series of horrid crimes, and wrongs, and rashnesses are iſ ustered up against the English petitioners; and then we are told the “venerable,” Mr. signed it: “any one who runs - - - - - may read:” – is it not plain th Habakkuk’s intention i intended as the means of securing abundance, is, in fact, the solo cause of y re. it not pl. at Hab: l is to show the absurdity of one of this gentietnam's prudence and goºdness signing a document if it had contained snch serious faults' Again, the illustration of the “Bees:”—there must be a Bee in that bonnet that cannot perceive it is the over-pre- { THE CANTON REGISTER. 19 valence of dromes in the hive “Habakkuk” means-to drive at. He goes on to talk of the want of gratitude of the Fnglish towards China: can any irony be stronger than this!—From Jack on the forecastle to the venerable premier of Great Britain, will any Englishman be found to say he feels one article of gratitude to the chinese –They have traded |. with us—for their own gain—but gratitude!—for what have we to be gratefnl?—is it for contempt?—is it because they call us, “Misbeliever, cut throat dog, and spit upon my Jewish gaberdine?”—Is it for barking us (as their emperor calls it) till hardly the inner rind is left?—is it for starving, imprisoning, and ultimately causing the death, under insult, of a nobleman, the representative of our country?—gratitude! the feeling of jack is to express his sense of gratitude through a long 18 pounder; and the per- suasion of the venerable earl must be, “We will best show then our “gratitude by making ourselves respected.”.” Yet my silly friends could not discover irony in the word gratitude, as applied by an Englishman to China. So again, on the immensity of the commerce; the larger it is, the more desirable to have it on equitable terms: as if the silk would be allowed to rot, or the tea-trees to wither, because an English ship paid £100 of port dues instead of £700, - Then, can a harder hit be given to those who put all sort of things into our petition, which it does not contain an allusion to, than where Habakkuk talks of, “dirision of “kingdoms and provinces";-when the force we petitioners specify; as sufficient is an express declaration we want no divisions nor no provinces, or we would have asked for 40 regiments of Sepoys and half as many of British troops, to attempt such an object. - On the subject of opium alone, my worthy friend, Habakkuk, seems a little out of temper; and had he not began by stating he was not a morador, his tone would have led me to suppose that it was the crime being coin- mitted at Lintin not at Macao—not the crime itself which galled him. - Religion is a subject I never myself touch on; but it is known to me ti at an influential party of venerable men here consider acquiescence by H. M. in the prayer of our petition as most likely to benefit the propagation of true religion amongst the chinese. I now make my bow to “Habakkuk,” and sincerely hope soon to see him resume his strain of argument, only a little better translated; or, what may suit as well, I pledge myself to make his productions intelligible to my country- Illen. D F LTA. PETITION OF BRITISH SUBJECTS AT CANTON. (From the Chronica de Macao 19th January, 1835.) Mr. Editor, -- I beg of you as an especial favor to publish in your journal the following exposition, which is much required to repel indiscreet, unjust, and very absurd pretensions. I am not a chinese, neither am I a native of Macao, nor am I a morador of the city; but I am born with a good heart which always leans to the side of reason and justice; therefore I cannot be indifferent to a hostile and cause- less aggression, such as is a certain petition of the English in Canton and Macao;-and among others who have not shunned it is the venerable Mr. —in which they direct their sovereign to attack, injure, insult, and humble the chinese empire: this empire. the patriarch of monarchies, that is to say, one of the oldest, that has maintained itself for many thousand years by the maxins of its own laws, which resemble more the wisdom of the Bees than any known work of the sciences of the philosophers from which sorung the Machiavellian policy of Europe, where they attack sach other without warning, and dism ºmber kingdoms and provinces as we divide victuals. These Fng i-h, Mr. Editor, have, by this proceeding, shown themselves most ungrateful to the chinese: they have not remembered; or, blinded by their pride, they have not calculated the worth and the immens: quantity of the produce both of their Asiatic possessions and of the mother country which this great empire consumes; that she promotes a most extensive navigation, by which a vast number of European sailors and officers are main- tained, of whom many retire every year most wealthy to aggrandize England. They have not taken into account that about 20 millions of the precious metals are exported to their part of Asia as well as to Europe, besides the return of their ships freighted with what is required for the increase of their mercantile circulation. They, on account of their long consciences, have not feared to commit the crime of wringing from China, yearly, an incaiculable sum of money, the proceeds of the introduction of 15 a 20,000 Chests of opium, a drug which only serves to pervert the morals of China; and, after the manner of the ºuccane rs, to avail themselves of Lintin and Capsingmoon for the better introduction of this article, which the most immoral of all ideas could alone excite to the injury of the health and social system of a nation which, until this detestable introduction, ever was the soberest and most vir- tuous of any known; which never did the least ill to Europe, either in thought or deed; whose population of 360 millions is solely employed in cultiva- ting the soil, from whose industry the whole world is supplied with that which is most necessary. What a want of calculation!—what blindness in these men who only listen to the dictates of bullying pride:—this is the eason why the true religion is with so much difficulty propagated in this empire; and what terrible consequences may not be produced by what these botheaded gentlemen seek —but the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. Yet it may be hoped that H. B. M. William the 4th, in his council of wise ministers will not assent to such requisitions, with views of maintaining and establishing the royal rights that he enjoys. I am, Mr. Editor, Your obedient Servant, HABAKKUK. * We are happy to learn that the trials which are being made in England, to ascertain the rate of sailing of many of the ships lately built by the surveyors of the navy on improved principles, are not disregarded in this distant qnarter; but that they have given birth to a spirited emulation between the American and British ships at Lintin. It is well known that the merchant vessels of the United States are the ſastest that sail the seas; their builders having paid more attention to this most essential quality of a ship than to construct them for the stowage of large cargoes; although we have heard that their skill in ship-building is lately so much improved that the vessels now built in the U. S. and called, by way of sobriquet, “Kettle-bottoms,” combine great capacity with extreme speed: the ventricle of the elephant with the limbs of the greyhound. However perfect a ship may be in her pro- portions; although her lines are all lines of beauty, her rate of sailing must depend greatly on her trim, and on the size and rake of her masts and yards. A report of a trial between the American brig John Gilpin, Captain Walsh, and the British brig Fairy, Captain McKay, has been handed to us, and we publish it with much plea- sure, being convinced that such rivalry must be productive of good; and we are sure that sea-commanders are as proud of the speed of their vessels as ever were the owners of Eclipse or Childers. They started twice, and the Firy weathered, both times, about a mile and a half on the Gilpin. Fach time the Fairy started about fifty yards on the weather quarter of the Gilpin, and whilst standing on the starboard tack the Fairy both fore reached and went to windward; in stays the Fairy went round in a much shorter time, and on the larboard tack she went equally fast to windward, but the Gilpin fore-reached about one point from the time they tacked, until she bore up, but was altrays a'raft the Fairy's beam ; both trials were much alike, and equally in favor of the Fairy, she having given the Gilpin her loyals. We understand the British brig Governor Findlay is also entered for a trial. We shall always be ready to give puºlicity through the columns of the Register, to such praise- worthy exertions. - ETIQUETTE IN CHINESE TARTARY. (Calcutta Journal, Vol. 5. No. 263. Pages 375 & 461.) In these holiday times, when all business is cast to the winds and pleasure alone is regarded by the chinese, we beg to submit to on r readers some illustrations of chinese cha- racter in almost the farthest west of their extensive yet compact empire. - - - The first following extract is from the fourth of a series of letters describing a tour in the Himalaya mountains in 1821; and the second is from some remarks, “On the letters from the Himalaya.” - Tour in the Himalaya.-Hearing of a Lama who was conversant in Hin- dºnstance, and could write the Tartar language, and under the expectation of being stopped by the chinese at Bekhur, I thought it judicious to make use of his talents in communicating to the Garpan, or Governor of Garoo, by ºtter, my wish to pass the frontier, and tender my respects to his authority. I sent for him, and on the 18th we conversed toge her upon the subject: he prºved himself intelligent and completely familiar with three languages, viz. 1 indee, Tartar, and Koonowuree; he could also write the Nagree, Tankree, and the Tartar characters, Oome and Ochen, carve upon stone, and make wooden blocks for printing sacred sentences. He was acquainted with the comp'aisance exacted by the Chinese in their correspondence, and had been in the habit of writing to them on the part of the Bussahir Rajship. In the course of conversation, he told me signiicantly that H. and P1 marred thºir hºes, by sending to arol, so adverse a token of friendship as a sword. This being received as a challenge to fight, was returned; and with it the sentiments of the Chinese so impressively designed on the hierogly- phical painting, which all at Soobathoo saw; and further, the material omis- sion of a silk scarf to accompany the present, agreeably to the usage of the country, was a quite sufficient reason for uot accepting it, had it been the ſiuest specimen of British ingenuity. T H E Q&\}{N}\l RººtSºlºlºo “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. voi.e. Turisday, FEERUARY loſº, 1835. PRICE INTO. 6. }sº CENTS. : (Advertisements, see Price Current. ) ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N T O N. The American vessel DUNCAN, Randall, from Liver- pool the 2nd of september, has brought English papers up to that date, but they do not contain any important news, or matter of great public interest. The parliament was not to meet until february, and some severe remarks on this delay and neglect of the business of the nation were made by the London press. The British vessels, Upton CASTLE, Duggan, from Singapore and Calcutta, and VESTAL, Taylor from Manila and Sydney, have also arrived at Lintin. We have been kindly favoured with the loan of some English papers, of august and the 1st of september, brought by the Duncan, from which we learn that earl Grey has been received with much distinction in the north of England. Several addresses were presented to him at Newcastle, and a public dinner was to be given to him in Edinburgh, on a day aſter the 15th of september. Whether the lord chancellor Brougham would be present was not known; but it was supposed, if these two great men met, that some secrets relative to the dissensions in the cabinet, which occasioned the dissolution of lord Grey's ministry, might escape from both, unless they were extremely cautious. It is said that lord Durham may be the new lord lieutenant and Sir J. C. Hobhuse, Bt.. the secretary for Ireland; and Mr. Speaker Sutton elevated to the peerage, and succeeded in the house of commons by Mr. Littleton, the late secretary for Ireland. A reform of the house of peers is freely discussed by the press in England, as being absolutely necessary to give due effect to the late reform of the house of com- mons. The only reform that can be impressed on that assembly, called by one of their own body, lord Chesterfield, “a hospital of incurables,” is the making it elective instead of hereditary: and here some of the nicest and most secret springs of human nature and policy will be touched. We consider the honors of the peerage to have been much too profusely scattered—and that for some not very honorable political purposes—ever since the accession of the house of Hanover. If you have a house of peers, the “valiant and the wise only should be separated from the mass of mankind” to compose it. So says fra Paolo, of Venice. Ireland is still distracted by the religious and political agitation of both orangemen and romanists. A great meet- ing was held in Dublin by the high church party on the 15th of August, and a grand banquet given to lord Winchelsea, who had left England for the express purpose of attending the meeting. Lord Roden presided. This proceeding, of course, immediately originated a similar one from the adherents of O'Connell, to whom a dinner was given at Waterford on the 16th of August. In another column will be found some extracts from the Morning Herald and Courier, relating to the claims of the officers of the maritime service of the E. I. company. The presided over the company's China establishment (when Mr. Drummond), is alike honorable to himself and to the highly respectable body of officers whose cause he has volun- tarily advocated: well designated in the Morning Heraldas. the most useful class of servants the company ever possessed. We offer our sincere congratulations on the successful issue of the ballot at the E. I. house, and on the tardy justice thus publicly wrung from the court of directors. The news from Portugal is interesting. Don Pedro and the young queen returned to ſlisbon on the 7th of august, highly gratified with their visit to Oporto. The cortes were to assemble on the 15th, and the liberty of the press was to be one of the first subjects to occupy the atten- tion of the members. In another column will be found a short account of the meeting of the cortes. In Spain the civil war is prosecuted in a rather desnltory manner by both parties; but the Biscayan partisan, Zumal- acarreguy, has been accused of some very barbarous deeds, even of fusillading the wretched inhabitants of some poor villages. The Spanish minister of finance, M. de Toreno, brought forward his plan on the 7th of augnst, which caused an alarm amongst the holders of Spanish bonds in London, where a meeting was called on the subject, Mr. Weeding in the chair. A full account of the proceedings will be found in the morning Heralds of the 19th and 22nd of august. An ex- press from Madrid of the 23rd of august brought the intel- ligence that the finance project of count Toreno had been rejected by a majority of the committee of the procuradores, who had come to the determination of paying off the whole of the cortes bonds, with the full amount of the interest due upon them. - A large majority of thc committee showed a disinclina- tion to recognise the debt contracted in France since 1823; but the question was not decided. Intelligence received from Bayonne on the 1st of september represents Don Carlos and his immediate followers as being in a wretched state of destitution, and continually moving before pursuing parties of the royalist forces. The project of succession to the Spanish crown was introduced in the chamber of proceres on the 8th of august. Don Carlos and his children are to be cut off for ever. *The insurrection in Syria, which had begun to assume an aspect sufficiently alarming to the power and inde- pendence of the ruler of Egypt, Mahomed Ali, has been crushed. - CHINESE TARIFF. We have already adverted in a former number to the necessity of establishing a regular tariff. If any such pro- position were made the answer would be, conform to old established regulations and let the hong merchants pay the duties for you. But as we all know that the old established regulations put a stop to every improvemeut, we ought for a moment to over-look them, and ask for regulations equally well ſounded upon old custom, and, in fact, still more venera- ble on account of their pre-existence to the present order of things. But, whilst we demand a regular tariff, let us not forget, testimony of lord Strathallan, one of the ablest men who ever ' that this is in strict accordance to the laws of the celestial 22 THE CANTON REGISTER. empire. According to the imperial law, the tariff is to be stuck up in every customhouse, to prevent extortion. Even under existing circumstances, as printing in China is very cheap, a chinese copy with a translation might be placed in every foreign merchant's office, and the amount of duties paid according to this tariff. Nevertheless, if the hong merchants will perform the friendly office of paying before hand, let them do so, we have not the least objection. Our new hoppo, having come lately from the very abode of compassion, will, doubtless, oblige the whole foreign community by furnishing them with a true copy of the tariff. Experience has shown that excessive duties, instead of increasing, powerfully contribute to diminish revenue, at the same time that they give rise to a vast amount of smug- gling and demoralisation, which it is impossible to get rid of otherwise than by reduction. This general principle applies still more forcibly to China. Would there be as many ships at Lintin, if the duties were not so high, or would smuggling be carried on to such extent? For the mere sake of self interest, and increasing the imperial revenue, the present system should be changed, and both parties will doubtless be thereby benefitted. We would ask, who is at present the greatest loser?—is it not the imperial treas- ury?—how long will our celestial friends be in learning to promote their true interests in a direct way! It is, besides, the bounden duty of government, to make the interests of a few submit to those of the many; and there is plainly neither sense nor justice in inflicting an injury on the public by imposing duties, not for the sake of revenue, the only legitimate purpose for which they can be imposed, but to enable a limited number of individuals to linger on in disadvantageous businesses. This principle, which amounts to a truism, is laid down by McCulloch. and strongly calls to our mind the system of hongs. Is not the con-soo fund, and any similar imposition, a bane to the revenues, and would not the advantage be far greater if the hoppo and his underlings received high salaries, and were put out of the way of temptation? Let it not again be said, that every independant state has a right to levy duties at pleasure. This maxim we will not contest, for it would be unreasonable to con- tradict it; but we assert, that no government has any right to introduce fraud and extortion to the detriment of its own and foreign trade. - We are aware, that it profits very little to talk of our grievances, when redress is considered utterly impossible; but we wish to weaken the argument, which is constantly brought forward to counteract every improvement, that ſo- reigners ought to trade according to the laws of a country where they reside by the compassion of the autocrat. If fraud and extortions can be considered synonymous with laws, the social order of the human species is dissolved, and every tyrant has an unbounded scope for carrying his unjust views into execution. Situated as we are, we nevertheless do not doubt but our affairs will soon be placed ou a better footing, and we are therefore anxious to dwell upon the most essential points for the success of our trade; and amongst these we consider a regular tariff, as holding a prominent rank. PORTUGAL. The session of the Portuguese Cortes was opened on the 15th instant, by the regent, Don Pedro. The day was magnificent. The spacious and com- modious hall of the deputies was crowded by all who were fortunate enough to obtain tickets of admission. The British, French, Spanish Swedish, and Belgian ministcrs, with their secretaries, occupied a tribune on the left of the throne, opposite that provided for the royal family, who were attended by admiral Napier, the bishop of Coimbra, and several persons of distinction, with the members of the household. A gallery was filled with ladies of rank, and altogether about a thousand persons were present. About one o'clock the national air was played by the band to announce the arrival of the regent, who took his seat in a chair under the throne, and having desired the peers and deputies to be seated, proceeded to read his opening speech, which is too long for insertion in a weekly paper. It secms to have given satisfaction to the Portuguese–The Albion, September 1st, 1834. THE EAST INDIA COMPANY'S MARITIME SERVICE. This is the day appointed for the ballot at the East India House, to con- firm the amendment of Mr. WEEDING relative to the compensation to be awarded to the Company's maritime service; and, doubtless, the scrutineer's annºuncement will vindicate the character of the company from the obloquy of illiberality, from a partiality of conduct toward a most meritorious set of men, which would sadly tarnish the past munificence of these merchant Princes of the east. In the ordinary transactions of life it is often very difficult to account for the motives which influence men in their actions; but * Confess that it is still more difficult to explain the real motives of the court of direction towards the most useful class of servants they ever possessed. Poverty is not the cause, for one of their proprietors, in an able letter, which appears in this Journal, showed to the contrary, and thus confirmed our pre- Yious assertion that the court was not entitled to that plea. This also exposes the hollowness of that mock sympathy which has been expressed for the in- *rests of the natives of India, since the commercial assets of the company have been proved sufficiently ample to meet the extra charge. As the com. Pany were never before placed in their present situation, they cannot want * Precedent to guide them in compensating the officers of the service who have lost their employment in consequence of the abrogation of the company's monopoly, which is admitted on alf hands to have been arranged with the gºvernment on terms highly advantageous to the interests of the whole body of proprietors. - But if a precedent be necessary, we have one in the instance of the more than liberal compensation awarded to the company's supercargoes at Canton, whose occupation, like Othello's, ceased with the company's monopoly. We, therefore, put it to the common sense of the directors and the proprietors, whether it would not be an act of marked injustice to give almost princely Pensions to the men who loaded the company's ships at Canton, and doom the active and gallant fellows who conducted those valuable cargoes through the Perils of a long and dangerous voyage into the port of London, to a pittance scarcely equal to what has already been awarded to some of their menial servants, and which, if the station in life of the two parties are considered, will not bear comparison. It is unnecessary for us to combat the other and numerous arguments put forth on the part of the close-listed trustees of the Indian territory. It would be like fighting a succession of vapours. But to return to the point, the justness of these claims has been admitted, and, as we have said before, if the principle is good, it is equally good to act upon it. We need not again urge the merits of the service; the past value of their ex- ºrtions on behalf of the company's interests is too well known to the proprie- tors, and their services in their country's cause are too well known to their countrymen to need further commendation from us. We trust that the result of the ballot will show that the spirit of an equitable generosity has annulled the bitterness of party feeling and the undue influence of patronage. The maritime servants of the company will then receive no more than their due, and we have no doubt that the Indian minister will sanction the vote.—The Morning Herald, August 20. COPY OF A TESTIMONIAL, VOLUNTARILY TRANSMITTED BY LORD VISCOUNT STRATHALLAN, LATE CHIEF of the Ho N. EAst INDIA CoMPANY's F Actor Y AT cANton, TO THE COMMITTEE OF COMMANDERS AND of FIce Rs of the MARITIME service. - Having been in constant and intimate communication with the command- ers and officers of the Honorable East India company's maritime service during a residence of 20 years in China, and possessing ample opportunities of appreciating their worth, I can bear an unreserved and impartial testimony, not only to their professional merits as seamen and navigators, the latter unrivalled, I firmiy believe, by any other service in the world, but to their unremitted attention to the interests of their employers, to the efficiency of their ships at all times, both in a political and commercial point of view, and to their attachment to that service of which so many have shown themselves such bright ornaments, and which, indeed, needs no other proofs than the distinction to which numbers of it have attained in other arduous and res- ponsible situations, filled by them on their retirement from that service, often tending alike to the advancement of science, and to the security and protec- tion of that great national property committed to their charge. There can be, I should imagine, but one opinion of the advantages that have been derived from the meritorious discharge of those duties by the com- manders and officers of this distinguished service, composed of men often of high birth, and of the best education, and who, as far as my information goes, have invariably looked upon themselves as especially attached and belonging to that great and powerful company, whose service they entered at an early age, looking forward confidently to a provision to support them in their declining years, should they fail acquiring a competency while health and the approbation of their employers admitted of their continuance in it; and I cannot but suppose, when the suppression of the company’s pursuits was determined on, entailing the extinction of this highly useful and dis- tinguished maritime service, that it must have been in the contemplation of the legislature to grant an adequate compensation to those members of it thus deprived of their bread, and who, from age and other adventitious circumstances, could not find other employment; nor can. I doubt that his Majesty's government and the East India company will, in furtherance of the expressed opinion of the legislature, deal equally liberally by this class of company's servants, as I understaud has been done by others: (Signed) STRATHALLAN. Hayes-grove, August 14, 1834. Yesterday, a special general court of proprietors was held at the East India house, for the purpose of taking a ballot on the question, whether the scale of compensation to the maritime commanders and offie&rs of the East India company's service should be increased, the plan of the court of directors having been considered as too limited. An unusual degree of interest was attached to the result of the ballot, not only with reference to the claims of the parties most interested, but in con- sequence of the difference of opinion which exists between the court of directors and the general court of proprietors, as evinced by the decision of the last meeting held at the east India house, when the resolution of the court of directors, that the minute containing the scale of compensations to be awarded to the maritime officers should be confirmed, was negatived by a considerable majority, and the amendment of Mr. Weeding, for increasing the award, adopted. The following are the resolutions on which the ballot took place:– “1st. That, in the opinion of this court, it was the intention of the east India company, evinced by the terms of the compromise which they entered into with his Majesty's government, and which has been confirmed by par- 24 - THE CANTON REGISTER. the medical treatment of Europe, was, we believe, made by Mr. Pearson, when he commenced vaccination some years ago. As expressive of chinese feelings, as well as indicating the distance from their abode to which the names and fame of English surgeons have reached, and the mode of chinese repayment in the #3: lae-seng, coming life, we subjoin three letters of thanks from Chinese who were cured at the opthalmic hospital. LETTER IX. “where'er he passes, flowers spring up; where'er he stops, all is divine;” just as when clouds open, the mºon is seen. He preserves light, and diffuses Glearness, even as when water is clear, every ripple is perceived. I myself saw his wonderful art, and his skillful hand, and his medicinal preparations. Both the prince and his minister were skillful and expert; and their disposi- tions towards their patients, the same as those of parents towards children. I am ashamed that I have not rare and valuable gems to recompense you with. I am only able to prepare a few expressions on a card. I now present a coarse fan to show slightly my sincerity, and as a token of gratitude for your deep and unfathomable favors. Looking upwards I pray you to cast a iuminous glance at the respect and reverence, which I can no longer support in silence - Your junior, Ho Kungleen bends his head and bows. e Letter XIII. I was long afflicted with a disease of the eyes; year after year, I request- ed eminent doctors to cure me; but their medicines were not at all eilicacious. Suddenly it happened that a friend, a neighbour of mine, came to my house to inquire after me, who asked me, as I had this disease of the eyes, which I had so often endeavoured to cure without success, why I did not go to Macao, and myself entreat the English nation's doctor to cure me: and he told me that I should then be sure of success; that this doctor was the first of doctors, and more clever than all other men; that he was expressly sent to benefit the world, and bestow favors and kindness; that his name, had spread into the four quarters of the globe; that far and near men hear of and know him; and that those afflicted with diseases of the eyes, who have taken his wonderful medicines, and felt their divine efficacy, are thousands and thousands. I, on hearing this, “did not regard the distance of 1000 le"+ and can now see distinctly with both eyes, and by your happy influence am again enabled to behold the light of heaven, and can even observe the “autumnal fibres.” I am ashamed that I can offer you no recompense; I rely upon this proof of my gratitude as a recompense for your profound kindness. Presented at the board of the English great and eminent doctor, by the grateful Leang Shayyung of Shuntih district; who bows and worships. - LETTER XIV. Note of thanks from Tsae Ye for the cure of his arm, to the English nation's surgeon, Colledge. I, Tsae Ye, of Mongha (village) on the 7th of the 9th moon, when going to the village, met on the way a ship captain, riding about for amusement. We encountered each other in a narrow part of the road, where there was no room to turn off, and avoid one another. Hence I was kicked and trodden down by the horse, and my arm broken. Deeply grateful am I to the English nation's great doctor for taking me home to his worthy abode, and apply- ing cures; so that in about a month I was perfectly healed. Ye, is, indeed, deeply imbued with your profound benevolence. In truth, it is as though we had unexpectedly found a divine spirit, giving life to the world. On earth there is none to match you. Ye, sleeping and waking, thinks of you. In this life, in the present world, he has no power to recompense you; but in the coming life he will serve you as a horse or a dog. To the English nation's great doctor. TsAE YE, with his whole family imbued by your favor, bows his head, and pays respects. We have been favored with a Sandwich island news- paper of eight pages quarto; it is printed and published at Hawaii, or Owhyhee. From the wood-cuts which it contains we observe that the editor is informing the natives on natural history; and in this number,-the pepa 3. buke 1.--the elephant is described. We also infer, from two other wood cuts, that the history of Jonah has been choseu as good reading for the christian neophytes of these islands; but we are somewhat puzzled to account for the reason why a whale should be exhibited as the great fish that swallowed Jonah for his disobedience. In the list of the ships that have touched at the harbours of Honolulu and Oahu, the names of the ports they belong to are given in a kind of Anglo-Owhyhee dialect, and the orthography fixed after the pronunciation of the natives; e.g. London, in this new system, is Ladana; New Bedford, Nu Bedefoda; Bristol, Berisetola ; Falmouth, Falemauta, Nantucket, Nanetuketa, &c., If this plan is judicious, with respect to the names of places we do not see why it should not also be applied to the names of ships and their com- manders; for instance, the George Holmes, captain James, would be, Georgiana Holmesina, capitatana Jamesina; and the Portsmouth, captain Boston, Potesemauta, capita- tana Bosetona. But, surely, those children of nature are not to be taught either faith, hope, or charity, through the medium of their own soft, lisping but meagre vernacular; the English language should be the channel of conveying English ideas and European science. They have but one character, the roman, and the teaching of all the present languages, of which that is the vehicle, would not be difficult. Suggestions have been lately thrown out of applying the alphabet of the west to the written languages of the east, including even the symbolic characters of China; and we trust the schoolmaster in Owhyhee will, when recollecting those hints, make letters, which convey sounds, subdue them, and not be subdued by them. The organs of the young generation would soon become perfect, by constant practice, in pronunciation. The following shipping intelligence has been handed to us by a friend, it having been conveyed in a letter from a correspondent at the Sandwich islands. The ship Helvetics, of New London, Captain Brewster, was wrecked near the entrance to the harbour of Honolulu, in october last; the whole of the crew and part of the cargo were saved. The ship W111 1AM PENN, of Falmouth, captain Swain, arrived in november from the Navigator islands. While there she lost two boat's crews, including the first and second officers, three boatsteerers, three seamen, and four natives of Oahu. They were cut off by the native islanders; or at least it is supposed so by the captain. On the 10th, 11th, and 12th of september there was a very severe typhoon on the coast of Japan, in which several whaling vessels met with disasters, and one was totally lost. She was seen bottom upwards by captain Crocker, of the Cambria, two or three days after the storm, with her sterm and side stove in; but the sea was so high that they could not board her. Some days after the gale, Captain Britten, of the Armate, picked up several casks, spars &c branded with the name “Governor Clinton”; and thus the lost vessel is sup- posed to be truly ascertained. The Govornor Clinton was a whale ship from Lag harbour. The following trait of chinese official ceremony, at the induction to office of a public functionary, is illustrative of that submissive and profound awe of all the acts of govern- ment which it has ever been the policy of the rulers of China to impress on the minds of the public officers as well as the mass of the black-haired people. Letters from Kiakhta, dated the 6th of July, report that a new Dzar- goutchi, (1) named Tsin, arrived on the 29th of June at Maemachin from Peking, who, the chinese say, belongs to a well known and con- siderable family. The day after his arrival he received the seal of his predecessor, Foo-sang-ha, who returned the same day to the Ourga (or camp of the mongol viceroy) to resume his former duties. The delivery of the seal was made in the following manner: in the middle of the ya-mun, or public court, a table, with the chinese judicial appendages, was placed; then the Boch- ko, or secretary, and the servants of the Dzargoutchi brought from the inner apartments, under a º of nine guns, a casket containing the seal; it was placed on the table anſ opened; they then lighted before the seal two wax- candles and a bundle of sweetsinelling sticks; the new Dzargoutchi, in the presence of his predecessor, made three genuflections and nine prostrations before the seal; he then seated himself close to the table, and impressed the seal on his first report, addressed to the superior authorities at the Ourga, and announcing his entry on the duties of his oice; the seal was then replaced in the casket, and the two Dzurgout.chi left the public eourt. Tsing-laou-yay, or the lord Tsin, is 30 years old, and wears a transparent white button. (1) Dzargoutchi is a mongol word, and means judge or arbitrator; he is the local chief of Maemachin, the chinese entrepot of commerce, situated about 120 russian toises to the south of Kiakhta. ---------------- * > ------------- -------- METEOROLOGICAL DIARY FOR JANUARY. . Trier M. B.A.R. a"º-º-º- night. noon. WINDS: }ſ 1 65 74 30:05 SE, fine weather, light breeze. & 2 66 74 30:00 SE. first part, fine, mid. cloudy, mod. breeze. h 3 66 74 29.90 SE. most part cloudy, at times a fresh breeze- O4 70 76 29:70 SE. fine weather, most part a fresh breeze. © 5 70 S0 29:70 SE. N a NW.f.w.first&mid.--—-do. & 6 50 55 30:10 N a N by W.fine weather, —-do. : 7 41 50 30:35 N a N by W. cloudy —do. Aſ S 38 48 30:35 N a N by E. fine weather—do. * 9 39 48 30:40 N. do. do. * 10 45 50 30:40 N a N by W. cloudy ——do. O 11 46 54 30:30 N a N by W.—do.——— —do. @ 12 46 4s 30:25 N by W a NE-do.—with light rain. 1 13 47 50 30:20 N.— ——- do.—-—do.—moderate br. § 14 50 52 30:15 N a NNW.—--do.—most part a moderate br. }ſ 15 44 52 30:30 N. fine weather, fresh breeze. * 16 42 4s 30:30 N. cloudy --do- * 17 43 49 30:30 N. fine weather 1st part, mid. cloudy, lat. In- O 18 45 47 30:20 N. cloudy with rain, fresh breeze. @ 19 40 45 30:30 N. most part cloudy–do. & 20 30 44 30:40 N. fine weather do. § 21 29 45 30:40 N. —do.— do. Yſ 22 33 50 30:40 N. —do.—mod. breeze. * 23 3 4 51 30:40 N. do.——do. 24 36 51 O25 33 56 (926 40 60 J 27 42 60 30:40 N. —do.—do. - 30:30 N a NNW. fine weather, moderate breeze- 30:30 N a NNW. do.—light breeze. 30:40 N a NNW.do.——do. : —- THE ©Aliº ºf ºtSTNAI3. “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CIHARLES GRANT. voi. e." (Advertisements, see Price Current ) ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C. A N T O N. The Roy AN (Am.), Benson, from New York, LA G R A N G E (A m.) from the Society islands, and the CAPTAIN Cook (Brit.), Thomson, from Calcutta and Singapore, are the only arrivals of the week. BRITISH HOSPITAL AT W HAMPOA. The establishment of a British hospital at Whampoa or elsewhere is an event which will form a remarkable and honorable era in the history of our connexion with this country. It will also, we trust, be the means of encreasing the medical knowledge and improving the medical treat. ment of the chinese, amongst whom the profession is held in high esteem. That microcosm – man—will, ere long, be more familiarly known, both psychologically and physiologically, to the swarming crowds of this vast empire: for mav it not be expected that clinical lectures shall soon be delivered in the language of Confucius to admining classes of chinese medical students, and that the MoR Riso N school society will disperse the clouds of ignorance that now darken the chinese mind, and destroy the case hardened materialism which confines all their thoughts to the present, and insuperably checks any soarings after spirituality. All British subjects, resident in China, will, doubtless, co-operate in the foundation and support of an institution which must be productive of much certain good to their European and Asiatic fellow-subjects, and we hasten, therefore, to request attention to the following OFFICIAſ, NOTICE. i In conformity with the provisions of an act of parlia- ºnent, passed in the 6th year of his late Majesty's reign, Cap. 87, intituled “an act to regulate the payment of salaries “to British Consuls at foreign ports, and the disbursements "at such ports for certain public purposes”, Notice is hereby given, that James Matheson Esquire has been duly authorized under the hands and seal of the superinten- den's of British trade in China to convene a meeting of all his Majesty's subjects residing in or being at Canton, at 11 º'clock on Monday the twenty third day of February 1835, at the british Hotel, Imperial Hong, for the purpose ºf instituting a British hospital at Whampoa or elsewhere for the reception of any of his Majesty's subjects, either seamen or others, needing medical care and relief. By order of the superintendents of British trade in China. A. R. Joh Nsto N. Secretary and Treasurer. Macao, February 9th, 1835. In Virtue of authority to me, in that behalf given, under the hands and seal of his Majesty's Superintendents of British trade in China, I do hereby request and convene a Tuesday, FEBRUARY 17th 1835. No.7.3, ſº meeting of all his Majesty's subjects residing in or being at Canton, at 11 o'clock on Monday the 23rd day of February 1835, at the British Hotel, Imperial Hong, for the purpose of instituting a British hospital for the reception of any of his Majesty's subjects needing medical care and relief. Canton, JAMES MATH eson. 14th February, 1835. Notice is hereby given, that, in conformity with the provisions of an act of parliament passed in the 6th year of his late Majesty's reign cap 87, any of his Majesty's subjects residing in or being at Canton on the 23d, of February, 1835, and who shall have voluntarily subscribed any sum or sums of money not less than twenty pounds in the whole, nor less than three pounds by the year, for or towards the purpose of instituting a British hospital either at Whampoa or elsewhere for the reception of any of his Majesty's subjects, needing medical care and relief and being present at the meeting to be held on the 23rd of February 1-35, shall be entitled to vote thereat, and Notice is further given, that, pursuant to the provisions of the aforesaid, act, the superintendents will advance and pay on his Majesty's account for and towards the purpose aforesaid any sum or sums of money, not exceeding in the whole in any one year, the sums raised in that year by voluntary contribution. By order of the Superintendents of British trade in China, A. R. Johnston, Secretary and Treasurer. EXTRACTS FROM THE ACT 6 GEo: I v CAP. 87. XI. And be it further enacted, That in case his Majesty's subjects shall Where voluntary by voluntary subscription among themselves raise and contributions contribute such a sum of money as shall be requisite towards erecting, for defraying one half part of the expense of erecting, churches, hospitals purchasing, or hiring any church or chapel or build. or providing burial ing. to be appropriated for the celebration of Divine grounds, in any service according to rites and ceremonies of place where con- the uaited church of England and Ireland or of the suls are resident, church of Scotland, or for defraying one half part of such consuls are the expense of erecting, purchasing, or hiring any authorized to Building to be used as a hospital for the reception of advance sun equal his, Majesty's subjects or for defraying one tº the amount of half of the expence of pnrchasing or hiring any round such contributions. to be used as a place of interment for his Majesty's subjects at any foreign port or place wherein any consul general or cor- sul appointed by his, Mºjºsty shall be resident, then and in any such case it shall and may be lawful for such consul general or consul, in obedience to any order to be for that purpose issued by his M jesty through one of his principal secretaries of state, to advance and pay, for and towards the purposes aforesaid, or any of them, any sum or suns of Inoney not exceed- ing in the whole in any one year the amount of money raised in that year by any such voluntary contribution as aforesaid; and every such consul general or consul as aforesaid shall in like manner once in every year transmit to one of his Majesty's principal secretaries of state an account, made up to the thirty first day of december in the year next preceding, of all the sums of money actually raised at any such Port or place as aforesaid, for the several purposes, aforesaid, or any of them, by any such voluntary subscriptions as aforesaid and of all sums of money by him actually paid and expended for such purposes, or any of them, in obedience to any such order as aforesaid, and which accounts shall by such principal secretary of state be transmitted to the lord high treasurer, or to the lords commissioners of his Majesty's treasury, for the time being, who shall give to such consuls general or consuls credit for all sums of money not exceeding the amount aforesaid, by him disbursed and expended in pursuance "of any such order as aforesaid, for the purposes before mentioned, or any them. IV. And be it further enacted, That all consuls general and consuls appointed by his Majesty to reside and being resident at any foreign port or place wherein any such church or chapel, or other place appropriated for the celebration of divine worship, or hospital, or any such burial ground as aforesaid, hath heretofore been or shall hereafºr be erected, purchased, or hired by the aid of any voluntary subscription - 26 THE CANTONI REGISTER. or rates collected by or imposed upon his Majesty's subjects, or some person or persons for that purpose duly authorized by any writing under the hand and seal of any such consul general or consul, shall, once at the least in every year, and more frequently if occasion shall require, by public advertisement, or in any such other manner as may be best adapted for insuring publicity, convene and summon a meeting of all his Majesty's subjects residing at such foreign port or place as aforesaid, to be holden at the public office of such consul general or consul, at some time, not more than fourteen days nor less than seven days next after the publication of any such summons; and it shall and may be lawful for all his Majesty's subjects residing or being at any such foreign port or, place as aforesaid, at the time of any such meeting, and who shall have subscribed any sum or sums of money not less than twenty pounds in the whole, nor less than three pounds by the year, for or towards the pur- poses before mentioned, or any of them, and have paid up the amount of such of their subscriptions, to be present and vote at any such meetings; and such consuls general or consuls shall preside at all such meetings; and in the event of the absence of any such consuls general or consuls, the subscribers present at any such meeting shall, before proceeding to the despatch of business, nominate one of their number to preside at such meeting; and all questions proposed by the consul general, consul, or person so nominated as aforesaid to preside in his absence, to any such meeting, shall be decided by the votes of the majority in number of the persons attending and being present thereat;and in the event of the number of such votes being equally divided, the consul general, consul, or person so presiding in his absence, shall give a casting vote. XV. And be it further enacted, That it shall and may be lawful for General meetings may establish rules for management of such churches &c. subject to the sanc- tion of the consul, who shall transmit the same for his Majestys approba- tion. any such general meeting as aforesaid to make and establish and from time to time, as occasion may require, to revoke, alter, and render such general rules, orders and regulations, as may appear to them to be necessary for the due and proper use and manage- mont of such churches, chapels, hospitals, and burial grounds as aforesaid, or for the proper control over and expenditure of the money raised by any such subscription as aforesaid, or otherwise in relation to the matters aforesaid, as may be necessary for carry- ing into execution the objects of this Act, so far as relates to those matters, or any of them: Provided always, that no such rºle, order or regulation as aforesaid shall be of any force or effect, unless or until they be sanctioned and approved by the consul general or consul for the time be ng appointed by his Majesty to reside and actually resident at such foreign port or place: and provided also, that the same shall by such consul gend ral or con- sul, be transmitted by the first convenient opportunity for his Majesty's ap- probation; and that it shall and may be lawful for his Majesty by an order to be by him issued through one of his principal secretaries of state, either to confirm or disºlow any such rules, orders and regulations, either in the whole or in nºrt, and to make such amendments and alterations in or additions to the same, or any of them, as to his Majesty shall seem meet, or to suspend for any period of time the execution thereof, or any of them, or otherwise to direct or prevent the execution thereof, or any of them, in such manner as to his Majesty shall seem meet; and all orders so to be issued by his Majesty, in relation to the matters aforesaid, through one of his principal secretarys of state, shall be recorded in the office of the said consul general, or consul, at the foreign port or place to which the same may refer, and shall be of full force, effect, and authority upon and over all his Majesty's subjects there resident. BOAT'S CREW OF THE ARGYLE. We regret to say no intelligence has yet been received of the Argyle's boat and her crew, although it is now sixteen days since their case was brought to the notice of govern- ment by the appearance of captain Elliot with Mr. Gutzlaff and her commander at the city gate. In addition to the demonstration then made, we understand the superintendents have been streuuously exerting themselves with the authorities at Macao, in order to accelerate the rescue of the men, for whose lives we trust no fears need be enter- tained, although it is to be apprehended they may be subjected to much suffering from rude treatment and insuf- ficient diet.—We understand captain Elliot and Mr. Gutzlaff had proceeded to Casa Branca, to communicate with the officer stationed there; but we have not yet heard the result on their mission. We have lately learnt some further particulars of what befel captain Elliot and his party, when they attempted to present a remonstrance at the city gate. . Notwithstanding some superior officers were warned of their rank, when these gentlemen made a solemn appeal from the barbarity of the officer of the guard and his men, they ridiculed the idea of captain Elliot being a British officer—although he was dressed in uniform—and even two general officers, who were despatched from the go- vernor, refused to receive any paper unless as a petition.— It is true, the case was and is most important; the liberty and property of British subjects are concerned—perhaps, their lives. Yet the governor of Canton may have been altogether ignorant of the facts; and to receive official communications from those whose station, duties, and rank he has not only never acknowledged, but has most distinctly disavowed, when presented, without any previous notice, at the city gates, he may have, deſensibly, considered as irregular. It should ever be remembered that the chinese cities are forts and garrisons, and in garrisons the strictness of military discipline should never be relaxed in any case, whether of life or death. Captain Fremantle, when he delivered lord William Bentincks letter to the viceroy in 1831, was received coldly but officially; in that case, the chief of the company's factory gave notice of his coming, and requested that a time and place should be fixed for receiving the letter; the local go- vernment complied with this request; a procession of boats attended captain Fremantle to the place of reception; and the ceremony was conducted decorously on both sides; with civility, but not with cordiality, on the part of the chinese. This is a good precedent for future presentations of documents containing matter of solemn import. When we are dealing with the chinese government, the immortal words of the heroic Nelson should never be forgotten: this is not the time to be informal. Every unsuccessful effort, in whatever cause and by whatever means, made by foreigners in this country should be lamented as being a triumph for the arrogant chinese and a slur on the proceedings of the defeated party. How cautious, then, in our present defenceless state should we be in all our appeals to government; or, indeed, in attracting its notice in any way, unless supported by the justice of out cause and our legal and authorised manner of deinanding redress. - In the discussion which, sooner or later, must ensue with the chinese government, various matters will form the topic; nobody, however, in the least acquainted with the spirit which actuates it, will, for one moment, believe that it will lend a willing ear to our representations. There are a great number of persons who see great wisdom in this refusal to treat in a reasonable way with a foreign state, and consider that to bar all foreign influence is the para- mount duty of the government. We, however, differ widely from this opinion; for if any state rejects reason, and the proposal of measures whereby both parties may be benefi- ted, it scarcely can expect to be praised for it's wisdom. Has not China always acted up to this principle?– Were not the embassies sent away without having brought on an understanding upon any points in question!—Did not all applications at Canton, made with the same view, prove equally fruitless!—If the greatest displomatist, armed with iron patience, came to Canton, resolved to settle affairs, what would be his success?—He would be told to cor- respond through the hong merchants, to conform to ancient laws, and be quiet; depart, however, if you wish to introduce innovations, or we will stop your trade. What could he do against such repulsive treatment? If he remained, he would surely endanger the trade of his country; if he began to reason, he would be denounced as stupid and obstinate; what could he do otherwise, under such circumstances, than leave the country, where he would be perfectly useless. If, however, his negotiations are backed by force, and he can freely communicate with the ministers of he chinese cabinet, he will receive the same answer, only in language more polite. You come solely here for trade, why do you therefore trouble us with political matters?—His answer will be, To establish the trade upon a firm footing, and to free it from capricious restrictions and unnecessary interruptions: —upon this, the boundless benevolence of the emperor, and the pro- tecting care of the local officers, will be held forth as a suffici- THE CANTON REGISTER. ent guarantee for the safe continuation of the trade. If the negotiator is not yet satisfied with this assurance, he may as well return home, for the officers will exhaust his patience until he orders some frigates up the river. When this happens, the trade will be stopped; the nogotiation will be at an end, and the unhappy diplomatist must retrace his steps to obtain a re-opening of the trade: such will be the beginning and the end of all similar negotiations. The chinese have persevered in this system with undeviat- ing firmness, and have always defeated us; whilst we have been equally tenacious of following the old mode of patient- ly suffering defeat: that the former should maintain it, is no wonder, but that we ourselves should also continue to uphold it, is extraordinary. The next advice given in such a dilemma will be; let things be as they are, and conform to the laws of the country: we might quote, in answer to the latter clause, the often repeated objection, that they are not obeyed by anv individual; and to the first we might reply, if we leave things as they are we must expect a recurrence of the stoppage of the trade; all that we desire is to place our mutual relations on such a basis as to be made the care of the respective governments of Great Britain and China, whilst the trade may be continued uninterruptedly, freed from all political responsibility, and never to be stopped whilst the two nations are at peace with each other; and in insisting on these reasenable conditions we cannot be charged with acting against the laws of the country, for we only ask that the sources of complaint may be dried up. It is very evident that all endeavours of the British have tended to that desirable end, and the frustration of all their friendly and peaceful efforts is a convincing proof that the chinese are unwilling to concede any reasonable proposition with a good grace. They, therefore, place the British under the necessity of adopting other measures, or of leaving the chinese officers the sole arbiters of their trade; the latter, surely, will not be allowed; and the former will, sooner or later, be proved. - If it now be asked what measures ought to be adopted, the answer may be as easy as the execution is difficult: bring the chinese government into such a dilemma that instead of rejecting your proposº's with disdain, it will itself voluntarily make the same proposals to you: any thing short of this will be found unavailable. We have always much pleasure in complying with the requests of our subscribers, and we accordingly publish captain Macondry's letter on the notice of the sailing match between the Gilpin and the Fairy, which appeared in the Register of the 3rd of february; but we do not gather from this communication any fact that tends tº deprive the Fairy of the credit of being the best sailing vessel of the two. If the Gilpin was too deeply laden and out of trim, her captain, surely, should not have sailed her in a match twice against the Fairy, which vessel, according to captain Macondry's own statement, was also not in good sailing but in “light ballast trim;’ and, therefore out of trim as well as the Gilpin; but, notwithshanding the peculiarly unſavorable circumstance of being light, the Fairy weathered upon the Gilpin. We cannot, therefore, allow captain Macondry's objections to the justice of our correspondent's report to be valid, for we have too good an opinion of the smart and persevering captain of the Gilpin, with whom we have the pleasure of a slight acquaintance—to be improved we hope—to suppose that he would stake the sailing qualities of his fine vessel in a trial-match, if she was not trimmed to a hair. - To the Editor of the CANton Register. Lintin, February 8th, 1835. SIR,--I observe in your Register of 3d instant a notice of a sailing match between the Gilpin and Fairy, off Lintin. It would have been but just for your correspondent, who furnished the particulars of the trial, to have stated that the Gilpin was deeply laden with sugar, and much out of trim; whereas, the Fairy was in light ballast trim. I would also observe that on the tack last made, the Fairy's bearing was altered 3 points instead of 1 point. I mention these circumstanses as the parties interested are absent. I remain, Sir, Your obedient servant, F. W. M.Acon DRY, 27 Cive the IEvil his . UEl Dear Mr. Editor, Macao, 17th february, 1835: It has so seldom fallen to my lot to praise the chinese, that I hardly know how to begin; yet I think the undermentioned facts should be by you recorded. At the fire in the Tranéssa de Sé, when the house apposite to the Albion hotel was totally destroved—and which, at one period, looked very alarming— by much the best conducted, most effectual, and most orderly engine, was worked by the gang of chinese cooliesbelonging to the Tso-tang (the resident head chinese officer); who himself superintended in person: conduct like this covers a multitude of sins. In the destruction of St. Paul's church by fire the other day, a clock was burnt, which was a gift from Louis XIV (Louis le grand) to the Jesuits; and it struck the hour of 3 past 8 before the fire: so much for Parisian artists of that time. Your's Delta. - Tea Ports.—The lords of the treasury have approved of the under-men. tioned ports for the importation and warehousing of tea, viz.:-London, Liverpool, Bristol, Hull, Leith, Glasgow, Greenock, Port-Glasgow, Dublin. Belfast, Cork. Leave is also given for tea and other Eastern produce for the Glasgow market being trans-shipped into lighters at Greenock or Port Glasgow, in charge of revenue officers. Tea, as will as articles the produce of the Fast Indies, may be removed, under bond, from the original port of importation to any warehousing port in the United Kingdom, for the purpose of being re-warehºused for home consumption, with liberty to pay the duty any time within two years; and while at the port of importation, tea can only be deposited in a warehouse exclusively appropriated for that purpose, it may, on such re-warehousing, be placed in any warehouse legalized for other goods. STEAM NAVIGATION TO INDIA. The following are the resolutions of the Committee on Steam Navigation to India, as reported in the House of Commons:– 1. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this committee, that a regular and expeditious communication with India, by means of steam vessels, is an object of great importance both to Great Britain and to India. 2. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this committee, that steam navigation between Bombay and Suez having, in five successive seasons, been brought to the test of experiment (the expense of which has been borne by the India go- vernment exclusively), the practicability of an expeditious communication by that line during the north-east monsoon has been established. 3. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this committee, that the experiment has not been tried during the south-west monsoon; but that it appears from the evidence hefore the committee, that the communication may be carried on during eight months of the year, June, July, August and September, being ex- cepted, or left for the results of further experience. 4. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this committee that the experiments which have been made have been attended with very great expense; but that, from the evidence before the committee, it appears that, by proner arrange- ments, the expense may be materially reduced; and, under that impression, it is expedient that measures should be immediately taken for the regular establishment of steam communication from India by the 18ed Sea. 5. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this committee, that it be left to his Majesty's government, in conjunction with the Eas' India company, to con- sider whether the communication should be in the first instance from Bombay or from Calcutta, or according to the combined plan stggested by the Bengal Steam committee. 6. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this committee, that by whatever line the commºnication be established, the net charge of the establishment should be divided equally between his Majesty's government and the East India company, including in that charge the expense of the land conveyance from the Euphrates on the one hand, and the Red Sea on the other, to the Mc- diterranean. 7. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this committee, that the Steam Nav- gation of the Persian Gulf has not been brought to the test of experiment, but that it appears from the evidence before the committee, that it would be practicable between Bombay and Bussora during very month in the year. 8. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this committee, that the extension of the line of the Persian Gulf by steam navigation on the river Euphrates has not been brought to the test of experiment, but that it appears from evidence before the committee, that from the Persian Gulf to the town of Bir, which is nearer to the Mediterranean port of Scanderoon than Suez is to Alexandria, there would be no physical obstacles to the steam navigation of that riverdur- ing at least eight months of the year, November, December, January, and February, being not absolutely excepted, but reserved for the results of further experience. 9. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this committee, that there appear to be difficulties on the line of the Euphrates from the present state of the countries on that river, and particularly from the wandering Arab tribes, but that those difficulties do not appear to be by any means such as cannot be surnounted, especially by negotiations with the porte, Mahom t Ali, and the chiefs of the principal fixed tribes; and that this route, besides having the prospect of being less expensive, presents so many other advantages, physical, con.mercial, and political, that it is eminently desirable that it should be brought io the test of a decisive experiment. - 10. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this committee, that the physical difficulties on the line of the Red Sea appearing to be confined to the months of June, July, August, and September, and those of the river Euphrates to the months of November. December, January, and February, the effective trial of both lines would open a certain communication with the Mediterranean in every month of the year, changing the line of the steam vessels on botu sides according to the seasons. 28 THY, GATTTORY FEGISTER, 11. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this cominittee, that it be recom- mended to his Majesty's government to extend the line of Malta packets to to such ports in Egypt and Syria as will complete the communication between England and India. - 12. Resolved, That it is the opinion of this committee, that the expense of this experiment by the Euphrates has been, by an estimate which the commit- tee has subjected to the examination of competent persons, stated at L. 20,000, which includes a liberal allowance for contingencies; and the committee recommend that a grant of L. 20,000 be made by parliament for trying that experiment with the least possible delay. BEN Yowsky’s TRAv ELs. In the Register of the 30th of december and 6th of january last, we gave some extracts from these entertain- ing volumes, in which the count appeared in the character of a successful warrior, and as an ally of one of the then independent princes of the island of Formosa. We shall now view him as a merchant, and follow him to Macao, where he met with many difficulties, owing to the treachery of one of his associates, M. Stephnow. Friday, September the 16th. The pilot having returned on board, made me to understand his direction to weigh, and make sail along the coast, in order to put in at Tanasoa; and by way of explaining the reason, he said, Mandarin hopchin malas, Mandarin tanajou bon bon malto bon; all which I made shift to comprehend wonderfully well. I therefore made sail without delay, and stood along shore. At day-break, the pilot shewed me the bay of Tanasoa, into which we entered, and anchored in five fathom water, opposie a castle, which I saluted with three guns, and received the same number n return. The pilot immediately went on shore, and did not return till ten o'clock, when he appeared, together with a Mandatin, and an interprete. He demanded who I was; to what nation the ship belonged; where I came from, and whither I was bound To this I replied, that I was an European, and one of the nobles of Hungary; that the vessel had belonged to the Rus. sians, but having taken it from them. who were my enemies, it now belong, d to myself; that I came from Kamschatka; was on my return to Europe, and proposed to put in at Macao. The Mandarin wrote my answers with a har pencil, and said, he was surprized to see Hungarians arrive at China. He afterwards asked, what I was in want oſ; and being told that I wanted fresh provisions, he consented that a party of my companions should go on shore with the interpreters. I therefore availed myself of this permission, to send Messrs. Winbladth and Kuzneczow on shore, accompanied with six of our companions, to carry my presents to the governor. They consisted in a beaver's skin, and two sables. Saturday, September the 17th. At anchor at Tanasoa, before the town. At five, P. M. my otlicers returned, and brought word, that the Mandarin had accepted my presents with pleasure; and had sent me in return, a service of porcelain, with two chests of tea, six cows, and twelve hogs, with a quantity of poultry, and a kind of arrack. The associates brought an hundred different kinds of sweetmeats, and some toys, very nicely wrought. The interpreter acquainted me, that the Mandarin was desirous of purchasing some furs, but secretly; I therefore sent one hundred and fifty beavers, and three hundred sables; in return for which, he sent fix thousand eight hundred piastres, in three casks. Here I had additional cause to regret the lost of my fu s. My companions, likewise opened a trade with the inhabitants, and sold every scrap of bear's skin they could collect, The count arrived in Macao harbour in the afternoon of the 22d of september, 1771, and was received with attention and kindness by the governor, M. de Saldagn 1. On the 24th he dined with the bishop of Mitelopolis, M. le Bon, of French extraction, and then agreed with him to claim the protection of the French flag for his passage to Europe. It appears that, on the whole, the count was tolerably welltreated by the chinese authorities. The records of the company will, perhaps, be the best authority for the truth or falsehood of the offers which, the count says, were made by the English supercargoes. At Macao, October the 3d, 1771. A certain Mr. Gohr, Captain in the service of the English company, came to see me, and made me offer of services on the part of the Directors, and a free passage to Europe, provided I would bind myself to entrust my manuscripts to the company, and engage to enter into their service, and make no communication of the discoveries i had made. This proposition, so evidently interested, disgusted me; but I was contented to answer, that I was very sensible of the obliging offer he had made; but that, as I had accepted those of the French Directors, it was not in my power to change my determination: that with respect to my entering into the service of the company, it did not appear to me to be so easy; because it was not only necessary that I should be assured of a superior station, but that in the mean time all my people should be provided for; and that our common lot, and the execution of several projects should be secured. My answer surprized Mr. Gohr, who took his leave in an affected manner. The monent after his departure, I learned that Mr. Stephanow had accompanied him; and from thence I inferred, that I should still find new cause of discontent on his part, which accordingly happened, as will appear in the sequel. On the 4th of October, I received a letter from Mr. L'Heureux, Director * for the Dutch company. He sent me a present of cloth, wine, beer, * Or Supercargo, bri dy, salt provisions, and two thousand piastres. His letter and presents wºe accompaniel with the offer of a passage for me to Batavia, and the a surance that I should be received into the company's service. But, as he made the same proposal as the English, I refused the acceptance of his presents, except the liquors. - On the 6th, Mr. Jackson, an English merchant established at Macao, arrived with Mr. Beyz. They renewed the propositions made by Mr. Gohr, and showed me full powers, signed by the English council at Canton, to regulate the conditions of my engagement, aud to offer a present of fifteen thousand guineas. The first sinc qua man was, that the company, in con- sideration of my consigning my manuscripts, and entering into their service, should grant me a pension of four thousand pounds sterling, reversible to my children; and that they should settle on each officer a pension of one hundred pounds, and each associate thirty pounds; and that they should give ine every assistance in forming establishments beyond China. On the first con- dition the plenipotentiaries acknowledged,that they had not sufficient authority to conclude with me, and retired. after begging I would well consider their offers. This evening the governor informed me, that the four English gentle- men had been with him, and that he thought several of my associates were gained by the English. In fact, these gentlemen, piqued at their want of success, raised embarrassments annong my people, in which Mr. Stephanow was of wonderful service to them. On the 12th, I received a letter from Mr. de Robien, director of the French company at Canton, wherein he informed me that two of the company's ships, the Dauphin and the Laverdi, were ready to receive me and my people on board. The same day Mr. Kuzneczow informed me, that he had discovered a plot, at the head of which was Stephanow, who had engaged to deliver my journals and papers to the English, for the sum of five thousand pounds sterling; and to prove the fact, he shewed me a letter of Mr. Jackson, wherein that merchant asserted, that Messrs. Gohr, Hume, and Beg, were ready to pass the sum on the delivery of all my papers. On this information, I took all inv papers out of my chest, and put them into the hands of the Archbishop of Mitelopolis, unperceived by any of my companions. On the 25th of november, the governor, seeing my health established, and being determined to lodge ºne in future among my companions, informed me that during inv illness he had great debates with the chinese on my account, because the English directors had informed them, that I was a pirate, and deserter from the Russians; and that upon this information, the governor or viceroy of Canton, had required the governor to deliver me up, or at all events to make me depart immediately; and that he had obtained a delay till my recovery. For this reason he advised me to pretend that my illness still con- tinned, until the time the French vessels should be ready to sail. From his embarrassment, I perceived he was apprehensive that he might find my affair troubi, some to himself. I-therefore begged him to remain neuter, and undertºok to tº minate the business with the chinese myself. On the 26th, I secretly dispatched Mr. Hiss and Mr. Crustiew to Canton, with a memorial for the viceroy, and a letter for Mr. Robien, in order that he might present it at the audience of the chinese chief. - My deputies did not return till the 3d of December; when they brought me a chopp, or permission to wait upon the viceroy at Canton. This imperial officer sent a superb vessel, with sixty-four oars for me, and caused a letter to be written to me, importing, that he was informed of the falsity of the insinuations against me, and hoped to convince me of the justice, which the chinese knew how to render to heroes like me. This disposition was very flattering; but my satisfaction was of short duration, for on the 5th, which was fixed for my departure, the Mandarin, Hopno of Macao, let me know, that if I did not intend to travel as far as Peking, it was of no use to go to C unton, as the viceroy had nothing to communicate. This sudden change surorized every one, and especially the bishop of Mitelopolis, who was strºngly interested in my favour. I was in doubt with myself this day, whether I should go to Pekin. I was greatly affected; for I should have been exceedingly gratified with the view of the capital, and interior pºrts of the chinese empirº; and a favoura'le opportunity now presented itself: pet to have embraced it, would have required me to abandon, my project, a def ºr my return to Europe. It was not till after much deliberation, that I at last determined to give up my intention of going to Canton. On the 7th, the bishop of Mitelopolis inform 'd me, that he was informed by the secretary of the hopoo, (a christian in secret) that the declaration ºf his master w, s fałse, and that the viceroy was angry at not seeing me. He att-hºſted this conduct to the intrigues of Mr. Jackson, and endeavoured to ps suade me to write another memorial to the viceroy; but as I thought this step of no advantage to my in erests, I refused to comply with his advice, being contented with being permitted to remain undisturbed at Macao. On the 26th, having received information that it was necessary I should be provided with a chopp, or order of the viceroy, to permit me to enter the river Tigu, I sent Mr. Hiss, as my commissioner for that purpose, to the viceroy. January the 1st, 1772. M. Hiss returned with the order, which cost me four hundred and fifty piastres for three boats, which had been permitted to carry myself and people to the mouth of the Tigu. On the 14th, we quitted Macao, where the governor saluted me with twenty-one guns, from the principal fortress; and aſter a tedious passage, we arrived at last at the mouth of the Tigu; where we were very civilly received by a mandarin, though he at first refused to permit us to go on shore. The sight of a purse of piastres, however, abated his severity; which was so much altered by this circumstance, that he offered permission for us to take lodg- ings in the fort. His conplaisance was very acceptable, for the ships did not arrive till the 22d ; and in the me in time I was at liberty to ride out on horseback, accompanied by some Tartars. On the 22d, we at last saw the two ships; the first of which was the Dauphin, of sixty-four guns, commanded by the chevalier de St. Hilaire. on board which I embarked, with half my people; and the second was the Laverdi, of fifty guns, which received the other half. After our embarkation we sailed for the isle of France. T IIIE DASILADA! isºtºrSºls., “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. vol. 8. FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER TO LUNDU, N. HE bark ATWICK, A 1 340 tons Register, Captain Hugh McKay. To load Whampoa. Apyly to Thomas DENT & Co. Canton, 23rd February, 1835. FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER TO LONDON. Th; brig NESTOR, Captain Thibaut. Apply to Thomas DENT & Co. Canton, 23rd February, 1835. FOR FREIGHT OR PASSAGE TO HAVRE. HE French ship TOURVILLE, Captain Pigaux, daily expected from Manila, will sail early in March. Apply to B. GERNAERt. Fort NEW YORK. Th; ship ARNO, Captain Williams, having a large portion of her cargo engaged, will receive early despatch. For freight apply to Canton, February 16th, 1835. Russell & Co. FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER TO LONDON. HE fine Teak built ship, ARGYLE, of 600 Tons, Captain Alexander Macdonald—Tenders will be received by Joseph CRAgg. Canton 16 Feburary 1835. FREIGHT TO HAMBURG OR HOLLAND. N the well known teak built and fast sailing vessel SYDEN, of 800 Tons; I John Burd, Commander. Tenders will be received by CAPTAIN BURD or JARDINE, MAtheson & Co. CANTON REGISTER FOR 1834. FOR SALE, a few sets, bound, at half the subscription price; 36. ANGLO CHINESE KALEN DAR FOR 1835. * IN the press, and will shortly be published. Orders received at the Canton I Register office, No. 4 Danish Hong. TenTH CANTON INSURANCE OFFICE. ARTIES intending to apply for Insurance are requested to give previous P notice, in order that the vessels in which they propose to ship may be dály surveyed, (free of expense to the assured,) before commencing to receive cargo. JARDINE, MATHEson & Co. General Agents. DECIMA COMPANHIA DE SEGURO DE CANTAO. spessoas que pertenderem fazer applicacoens para Seguro nesta officina A sao prevenidas para darem previa noticia a fim de que os Navios sobre os quaes forem of recidos os riscos possao ser devidamente, examinados antes de eomecarem a receber carga. JARDINE, Matheson & Co. General Agents. OUTHAmerican Copper, 2,300 piculs, on board the ship"Porcia" at Lintin, for sale by F. S. HATHAwar. Canton, December 2nd, 1834. No. 4 Old English Factory. OR SALE, two Factories; for particulars apply to R. Edwards. Canton, 11th December, 1834. 3 American Hong STATEMENT OF THE BRITISHTRADE, OR the year ending March, 1834. Price 25 cents. Apply at the Canton F Register office, No. 4 Danish Hong. Ew Cases of BATHGATE & Cos. SODA WATER, iu glass bottles, at $3 per dozen. New Quart wine bottles at $5 per 100. FEW sets of Byron Gallery in Quarto and Octavo. Quarto $104—Octavo 74. Apply to R. MARKwick & Co. SURVEYOR FOR LLOYD'S. - AVING appointed Mr. William MacKenzie, (late commander of the ship Hormajee Bomanjee) as Surveyor of shipping on our behalf, public notice thereof is hereby given for the information of parties requiring the servi- ces of such an officer; settling with him for the same. John Trurleron & Co. Agents for Lloyd's, NOTICE. INDEMNITY INSURANCE OFFICE OF CALCUTTA. ISKS for all parts of the world will be taken by J. Goddard, Agent for the office in China, Payable in case of loss by Messrs. Gregson, Melville & Knight, Agents in London do. do. Messrs. Gilmore & Co. ,, in Calcutta FOR SALE. LANK ENGRAVED BILLS OF EXCHANGE, at $3 per 100. Apply at the CANton Register Office, 4 Danish Hong; or at 25 Cents per set, apply to R. MARKwick & Co. TO RENT. ON: half of one of the neatest and most convenient Factories in Canton, ' newly furnished. For particulars apply to No. 3. Imperial Hong. > R. MARKwick & Co TUEsday, FEBRUARY 25th, 1835. PRICE INTO. 8. }so CENTS. : A CARD. Mº. HENRY Wright, Andrew Johnstone and Alexander MATHEson, are admitted Partners in our establishment, which now cºnsists of William JARDINE and James Matheson, with the addition of the above named gentlemen - - Canton, February 20th, 1855. JARDINE, MATHESON & Co. COMPANION TO THE KALEN DAR FORT832, A gentleman wishes to obtain half a dozen copies of this work; and, it being out of print, will be glad to purchase them, if in good condition, at double the original price. Apply at the office of the Canton Register. ANTS a situation as BOOKKEEPER, or TASSISTANTinTan | QFFICE, a young man, who is well acquainted with the general routine of business. Apply to the Editor HIBBERTSTPALETALE. - - - ALE ALE in butts from HIBBERT, so well known for his extensive supplies sent to the United States, at $35 per butt. Apply to R. MARKwick & Co. NOTICE. UST received and for sale at R. MARKwick & Co. few cases GENIEVRE Q DE HOLLANDE, from the celebrated House of GRAHAM & CO. Rotterdam, at $5 per dozen FOR SALE. Small batch of Choice old MADEIRA WINE, a consignment from the well known house of BLACKBURNE & CO. in wood and in bottle. At 8260: per pipe.—or $10 per dozen. Apply to Canton, 24. January 1835. R. M. Arkwrck & Co. - I — . NOTICE. HE “Union Insurance Society of Canton” established on the 1st January 1835 for Marine Insurance, is now in action. Canton 10th. January, 1835. Thomas DENT. & Co. Secretaries. THE CHINESE COMMERCIAL GUIDE, S” at the Canton Register office, No. 4 Danish Hong. Price & I.50 Centa. - ATLINTINTFOR SALE. OD Iron assorted. Chain Cables # Inch to # Inch. Anchors, 13 cwt. to 17 cwt. Rose nails of all sizes. Iron spikes, 2 to 4 Inches. Cordage, assorted, 14 to 6%. Inches. Sheathing Copper, 18 to 26 ounces. Sheathing nails, 1 to 14 Inches. Canvas, Nos.1 to 7. Boat guns. Apply to Captain PARRY Ship “Hercules,” or to Canton, 16th January, 1835. JARDINE, MAtheson & Co. NOTICE. ursuant to an order of His Majesty's Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William in Bengal of the 30th day of September 1834, made in a certain cause (wherein Gabriel Wrignon is Complainant and Alexander Colvin and us are Defendants, and in another cause) The Creditors and Le- gaties of Joseph Barretto Senior Joseph Baretto Junior and Edward Bright- man are at liberty and are hereby required to come on or before the 31st day. of December 1835 before George Money Esquire, the Master of the said Court, to prove and Establish their respective debts and legacies, or in default thereof they shall be excluded the benefit of the Decretal order of the said Court made in the above causes on the 24th day of December 1830. (Signed) G. Money, Calcutta Court House Master's Master. office the 20 October 1834. The deceased TDavid LiMoRD SHAw, late eommander of the Danish bark MARIA. Notice is hereby given unto all whom it may concern that the sum of twentyone Spanish dollars and eighteen cents has been paid into this Con- sulate, for balance of proceeds of the personal effects of David Limond Shaw, who died on board the Danish bark Maria, in the China sea, in or about the month of October, 1833. JAMES MAtheson, Danish Consulate, His Danish Majesty's Consul Canton, 10th February, 1835. in China. NOTICE. St UBSCRIPTION to the Canton Register and General Price Current. S per annum $ 16 payable quarterly. #. #. 1. ; do. in advance. Do. to the Register, annum 12 do. quarterly. #. º . . do. in advance. Do. to the Canton General Price Current per ann. $ 5. subscribers taking 25 copies of the Price Current will be charged for their Extra numbers 10 cents, other subscribers 15 cents, each number. HARGES for advertising in the Canton Register and Canton General, Price Current. Vessels for freight &c. $5 Advertisement, not exceeding seven lines, each insertion, 1 do. Continued for 3months, 6 32 THE CANTON REGISTER. of office and the wiles of diplomacy. Great Britain can, without auxiliaries, grapple with this question; and her success, even if accompanied with pri- vileges and the most endearing marks of the softest im- perial compassion, need not excite the envy of other na- tions:—for, being renovated by celestial examples, her benevolence will become as diffusive and all-embracing as that of her great prototype. - - MR. Thomas WErding A few days ago the officers now here, who belonged to the east India company's late maritime service, dined on board the ORw ei,L at Whampoa, when they manifested by s bumper toast, with three times three hearty cheers, their high esteem for Mr. Thomas Weeding, who brought forward, and Sir Charles Forbes, who seconded, the amendmend lately carried by ballot in the court of pro- prietors of east India stock, for granting a just and liberal compensation to their maritime service for loss of em- ployment through the abrogation of the honorable com- pany's monopoly. The health of the ladies who attended to ballot on that occasion in their favour was also drunk with great enthusiasm, and, lastly, the health of all the proprietors who supported the amendment. This does not appear to be the first instance in which Mr. Weeding has been indefatigable in the cause of the service; for we understand that, through his influential exertions with the court of directors, he was mainly instrumental in procuring for the surgeons their late augmentation of pay and privilege; his disinterested zeal in behalf of the service may, we presume, be not a little heightened by the circumstance of tis having been formerly in it; for, on reference, we find him surgeon of the H. C. ship BoDHAM as far back as 1796; and, lastly, surgeon of the GLAT to N. which situation he resigned in 1806:—if our supposition be correct it—to say the least— redounds much to Mr. Weeding's credit; and, whether the measure finally passes the grand ordeal of the board of control or not, justly entitles him to the best felings of the service. CANTON. Gover Nor Loo. Report not long since stated that his excellency would shortly retire from office, a step which his numerous infirmities must render very desirable, alike to himself and to those subject to his government; though many, perhaps, are willing to have an inefficient, rather than an oppressive ruler, This report has latedy been contradicted; and a fresh one has now taken place of it. His excellency is still under sentence of degradation; it is said, the sentence will shortly be put in execution, and that the lieut-governor of kaougsoo will be sent to supply his place. WAR witH CHINA. A Chinese officer at Macao, in the enjoyment of the otium cum dignitate, has of late taken a fancy to read the newspaper. We suppose his name may be found on the list of subscribers to the Chronica de Macao; but we are not aware whether he reads in person or by proxy. In this paper (perhops in the letter of the psends prophet Habakkuk.) he has found information of an intended war between England and China, to be declared some time in the course ef the current year; and has report- ed the same, officially, to the governor. We believe this opertion to be more than a mere on dit. Court of Justice Canton. The case of Aming and other outside merchants, imprisoned for the crime of having made money, (a circumstances which excited the cupidity of their accusers,) is expected to be shortly; brougbt to a close the accused individual having consented to pay the demands and costs. The case of the linguist of the ship Fort William, who was imprisoned, at the same time with Hingtae, for having permitted lord Napier and suite to come up from Whampoa in the boats of that ship, would speedily be decided, were it not for the obstinacy of the Anchasze, (judge) who refuses, it is said, to pass sentenee against him. Hopes are held out that his life may be saved, by a secret appeal to Peking, through the medium of a diligent censor. ARGY LE's BoAT's CR Ew. Mr. Hudson, the second officer of the Argyle, has favored us with a report of his unfortunate adventure on the west coast, where he had landed for the purpose of procuring a pilot. We do not consider that the chinese government have been inattentive or neglectful on this occasion; but the conduct of the natives deserves the severest reprehension, and we consider the owners of the Argyle have fair claim for compensation to the amount || value of their boat. A statement of the treatment received from the Chinese by the boat's crew of the Argyle after landing. i On the 20th of January 1835, left the ship Argyle at 7A. M. in the 1st cutter, to try and procure a pilot our crew consisting of myself two seacunnies and nine lascars; landed on a sandy beach, saw some small huts | about a mile from where we landed walked up to them, but could not , make the people understand us, returned to the boat, and foundanum || ber of chinamen, armed with bill—hooks and choppers, in the actof robbing her; several things already having been taken away; ran to the boat, I attempted to launch her, but did not succeed, she filling fast with water, I, found she was stove; by this time an immense munber of chinamen having collected round us from the boat and immediately broke her to pieces and carried her off with every thing belonging to her; walked up to a point abreast of the ship a number of chinamen still following us, endeavºured to make a signal to her by waving my shirt, but, from their not sending: 1. boat, supposed they could not see it; we had not been long here before the . chinamen attempted to strip us of our clothes, having taken from me my boat cloak comforter from my neck, shoes and stockings, and a silkhandlºr. chief from my pocket, likewise my shirt, besides cutting the but tons off my - clothes, which they were in the act of doing to all of us, having knºcked down the seacuynin who attempted to resist, and after taking from him his knife and cutting his pocket off to get a needle and palem; they drove us to a village about three miles from the beach, where we were all put into a room and locked up for about two hours, when they brought us some rice and sweet potatoes to eat; having given us some straw to sleep on, lockedus up for the night; next morning they let us out, when I made signs that I wanted a boat to go to the ship, which they would not give us, the seacunnry having got up a tree saw the ship getting under weigh; she stood off and went out of sight. Here we remained two days, when the master of the house we were in took me to a small town, where 1 was put in a room anda certain number of chinamen allowed at one time to come and look at me, after remaining here about three hours, we were on our return when an old chinaman called from among the crowd, abler, Portuguese, senorh!-l immediately answered, and took him with us after some trouble to get the old fellow to go; on our return, before we arrived at the house, saw º standing in and from her appearance supposed it to be the Argyle, which find now was the ship; through the intrepreter I asked for a boat to go ºff promising him 50 dollars, and to remain mself as security, providing he would send the rest of the people on board; he would not cymply, bnt pro- mised to send us to Macao; we remained here sixteen days sometimes they gave us one meal per day of rice and sweet potatoes, sometimes two, found several things belonging to a vessel that had been lost at this place; on the 16th day at 8 P.M. left this place and proceeded to yung-kong, was taken before the mandarin who sent us on to Canton, the person in charge of us riding in his chair, while we were obl.gcd to walk without eithershoes" stockings till we were all very much fatigued, when they gave usaba, which arrived with us at Canton, on the 17th February, and on the 18th we were taken before the mandarins, examined and released. Whampoa, Ship Argyle, February 20th, 1835. C. A. HUDSON, 2nd officer Ship Argyle. LAND SEEN FROM THE RUBY. At 2 P.M. saw from the fore topsail yard a low sandy island, bearing NW, about 10 miles, and at 3 P. M. this island bore WBN distant 10 miles; that will place the island to be in Lat. 8.39. N. Long. per three throno. meters, in 112.3 East. This small island lies in a SSE and NNW direction, and is about 10 feel high; it is a white sandy and coral beach, with some blackstuff like serweed growing on the top of it. On the SE extremity of this small island saw a large piece of wood sticking up, which at first we thought to be the mast of some small vessel or boat; but upon a nearer view found it to be a large drift tree hove upon the beach on it's end;sticking up, we discerned this treealmost as soon as we saw the island. | On its eastern side we saw several black rocks above water, and one of them pretty, high, say 6 or 7 feet, the others were just a-wash, and may be covered at high water; they project a very little way from the island; and, from what Isaw,it appears to be quite bold within half a cable's length allround. The NNW end of this island is the highest part of it, and in circumference I think it is about one mile. We saw an immense number of birds and a great quantity of drift wood passing us, and a current running strong to the NE with fine smooth water; we steered between it and the west London shoal, and saw no other danger. Ship Ruby, [6th December, I834. WILLIAM WARDEN, Commander China Sea. RAPID SAILING.-The brig John Gilpin, of Baltimore, 1ſt Baltimore about two years since, and arrived in Batavia after a passae of 82 days: proceeded thence to Canton in 11 days; from Canton to Meila in 5 days; from Manila through the Straits of Sundy, round south of rew. Holland, to latitude 48 or 50 degrees to Valparaiso, in 85 days, audºm Valparaiso to Lima, in 6 days and 17 hours; making an aggregate dist 3e of 34,920 miles in 186 days, it hours; averaging a fraction more than on "dred and eighty- three miles per day. We have the above from an authenº, and inºred. ible as it may appear, it may be relicãomas correct.-Nº"**ing Post- s — = sland the a lat; , an: andº islaº ha 'cur alº ld THE ©4\1 MONT Liê ĐQºlş' Nº. 32 “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. VOIL. 8. TUESDAY, MARCH 3RD, 1835. PRICE INTO. 9. }sº CENTS. } FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER TO LONDON, OR ANY PART OF THE WORLD. HE ship CAPTAIN COOK, Wm. Thompson Commander, A. 1. 452 tons Register. Apply to JARDINE, Mºtheson & Co. FOR FREIGHTTORTCHARTER TO LONDON. HE bark ATWICK, A. 1.340 tons Register, Captain Hugh McKay. To load at Whampoa. Apply to Thomas DENT & Co. Canton, 23rd February, 1835. FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER TO FRANCE. HEbrig NESTOR, Captain Thibaut. Apply to Thomas DENT & Co. Canton, 23rd February, 1835. FOR FREIGHT OR PASSAGE TO HAVRE. HE French ship TOURVILLE, Captain Pigaux, daily expected from Manila, will sail early in March. Apply to B. GERNAERt. FOR N E W YORK. HE ship ARNO, Captain Williams, having a large portion of her cargo engaged, will receive early despatch. For freight apply to Canton, February 16th, 1835. Russ Ell & Co. FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER TO LONDON. HE fine Teak built ship, ARGYLE, of 600 Tons, Captain Alexander Macdonald—Tenders will be received by Joseph CRAGG. Canton 16 Feburary 1835. * FREIGHT TO HAMBURG OR HOLLAND. N the well known teak built and fast sailing vessel SYDEN, of 800 Tons; John Burd, Commander. Tenders will be received by Cartain Bund or JARDINE, Matheson & Co. CANTON REGISTER FOR 1834. FOR SALE, a few sets, bound, at half the subscription price; 86. A NGLO CHINES E KALEN DAR FOR 1835. Is the press, and will shortly be published. Orders received at the Canton Register office, No. 4 Danish Hong. TENTH CANTON INSURANCE OFFICE. ARTIES intending to apply for Insurance are requested to give previous notice, in order that the vessels in which they propose to ship may be duly surveyed, (free of expense to the assured,) before commencing to receive cargo. JARDINE, Mathrson & Co. General Agents. DECIMA COMPANHLA DE SEGUIRO D12 CANTAO. - Spessoas que pertenderem fazer applicacocns para Seguro nesta officina sao prevenidas para darem provia noticia a fim de que os Navios sobre os quaes forem of recidos os riscos possao ser devidamente examinados antes de comecarem a receber carga. Jardise, Matiitson & Co. General Agents. SOUTH American Copper, 2.3TUTCuſ, on Toard the ship"Porcia" at Lintin, MY for sale by F. S. HATH Away. Canton, December 2nd, 1834. No. 4 Old English Factory. OR SALE, two Factories; for particulars R. Edwards. Canton, 11th December, 1834. 3 American Hong STATEMENT OF THE BRITISH TRADE, OR the year ending March, 1834 Price 25 cents. Apply at the Canton Register office, No. 4 Danish Hong. apply to EW Sets of Byron Gallery in Quarlo and Octavo. Quarto $10}— Octavo 873. New Quart wine bottles at $5 per 100. Apply to R. MARK wick & Co. NOTICE. IND EM NITY INSURANCE OFFICE OF CALCUTTA. ISKS for all parts of the world will be taken by - J. Godda Rd, Agent for the office in China, Payable in case of loss by Messrs. Gregson, Melville & Knight, Agents in London do. do. Messrs. Gil Moh E & Co. ,, in Calcutta FOR SALE. LANK ENGRAVED BILLS OF EXCHANGE, at $3 per 100. Apply at the CANton Register Office, 4 Danish Hong; or at 25 Cents per set, apply to R. MARKwick & Co. AT LINTIN FOR SALE. OD Iron assorted. Chain Cables Inch to # Inch. Anchors, 13 cwt. to 17 cwt. Rose nails of all sizes. Iron spikes, 2 to 4 Inches. Cordage, assorted, 13 to 6}. Inches. Sheathing Copper, 18 to 26 ounces. Sheathing nails, 11 to 14 Inches. Canvas, Nos. 1 to 7. Boat guns. Apply to Captain Parry Ship “Hercules,” or to Canton, 16th January, 1835. JARDIN 1, MAtheson & Co. SURVEYOR FOR LLOYD’S. H^ſ. appointed Mr. WiLLIAM MackeNzie, (late commander of the ship Hormajee Bomanjee) as Surveyor of shipping on our behalf, public otice thereof is hereby given for the information of parties requiring the servi- *" of such an officer; settling with him for the same. John TEMPLEToN & Co. Agents for Lloyd's. OFFICIAL NOTICE. Considerable inconvenience and public expense having been incurred, by reason of the improper conduct of certain masters of British merchant vessels in wilfully leaving behind in this place, men belonging to the said vessels; Notice is hereby given, that this practice is contrary to Law, and that the offence may be prosecuted by indictment or information at the Suit of His Majesty's Attorney General in the court of King's Bench at Westminster, as if it had been committed at Westminster in the county of Middlesex, and it is now declared, that the Superintendents will take measures to institute proceedings against any master or masters of British merchant vessels found offending herein in future. By order of the Superintendents, A. R. JOHNSTON. Secretary BRITISH CHAMBER OF COM M Elto E OF CAN TO N. T a General Meeting of the British Chamber of Commerce held on the 13th day of January 1835, it was resolved; 1. That until further notice any British merchant of Canton may become a member of the chamber, by stating to the Secretary his wish to that effect, and paying the established fees. 2. That, in order to afford the utmost facility for the adoption of such improvements as experience may suggest, the regulations now existing be declared probationary, and that they may be altered by a majority at any special meeting convened for the purpose, after seven days notice and speci- fication of the object in view. By order of the committee, British Chamber of Commerce W. Sprott Boyd, Canton, 13th January, 1835. Secretary. NOTICE. UST received and for sale at R. MARKwick & Co. few cases GENIEVRE DE HOLLANDE, from the celebrated House of GRAHAM & CO. Rotterdam, at $5 per dozen FOR SALE. Small batch of Choice old MADEIRA WINE, a consignment from the well known house of BLACKBURNE & CO. in wood and in bottle, At $260: per pipe.—or $10 per dozen. Apply to Canton, 24. January 1835. R. MARKwick & Co. THE CHINESE COMMERCIAL GUIDE, S” at the Canton kegister office, No. 4 Danish Hong. Price & I.50 Cents. \ NOTICE. HE “Union Insurance Society of Canton” established on the 1st January 1835 for Marine Insurance, is now in action. Canton 10th. January, 1835. Thomas DENT. & Co. Secretaries. TO RENT. ( )N; half of one of the neatest and most convenient Factories in Canton, newly furnished. For particulars apply to o. 3. Imperial Hong. R. MARKwick & Co, A CARD. Mºi. HENRY WRight, ANDREw Johnstone and Alexander MATHEson, are admitted Partners in our establishment, which now consists of Willi AM JARDINE and JAMEs MATHEson, with the addition of the above named gentlemen Canton, February 20th, 1835. JARDINE, MATHESON & Co. COMPANION TO THE KALEN DAR FOR 1832. gentleman wishes to obtain half a dozen copies of this work; and, it being out of print, will be glad to purchase them, if in good condition, at double the original price. Apply at the office of the Canton Register. ANTS a situation as BOOKKEEPER, or ASSISTANT in an OFFICE, a young man, who is well acquainted with the general routine of business. Apply to the Editor HIBBERT'S PALE ALE. ALE ALE in butts from HIBBERT, so well known for his extensive supplies sent to the United States, at $35 per butt. Apply to R. MARxwick & Co. A. CARD. - Mr. Henry Fawcett and Mr. Thomas WINGATE HENDERson have been this day admitted Partners in our establishment. Bombay 6 December, 1834. (Signed.) ReMINgtoN & Co. OR sale on board the Bark LINTIN, at Lintin, Russian and English Canvass—Hemp and Manila Rope—Beef-Bread—Flour and other Stores, The deceased David LiMo ND SHAw, late commander of the Danish bark MAR1A. Notice is hereby given unto all whom it may concern that the sum of twentyone Spanish dollars and eighteen cents has been paid into this Con- sulate, for balance of proceeds of the personal effects of David Limond Shaw, who died on board the Danish bark Maria, in the China sea, in or about the month of October, 1833. JAMEs MAtheson, Danish Consulate, His Danish Majesty's Consul Canton, 10th February, 1835. in China. 36 - THE CANTON REGISTER. JURISDICTION OF THE ADMIRALTY. THE jurisdiction of the lord high admiral, or of the lords commissioners for executing the office, is over Great-Britain, Ireland and Wales, with the dominions and islands belonging to them: as also over all his Majesty's colonies, plantations, factories, and other settle- ments, dominions, and territories whatsoever in part beyond the seas. The admiralty hath cognizance of the death or maiming a man, committed in any ship riding in great rivers, beneath the bridges 15 Ric. II. thereof near the sea. . C. 3. S. 2. But if a man be killed on any arm of the sea, where the land is seen on both sides, the coroner is by common law to inquire of it, 3 Rep. 107. and not the admiral; for the county may take cognizance of it, and where a county may enquire the lord admiral has no jurisdiction. All ports and havens, as has been before observed, are infra corpus comitatus, where the admiral has no jurisdiction; and, between 3 Inst. 113. high and low-water-mark, he and the common law have it by turns, one upon the water, and the other upon the land. The admiral hath power to arrest ships for the service of the king or commonwealth; and every commander, officer, or soldier of 13 Car. II. ships of war, shall observe the admiral's commands, &c. on pain of death, or other punishment. C. 9. The lord admiral hath power to grant commissions to inferior admirals, &c. to call courts martial for the trial of offences against Ditto. the articles of war, and these courts determine by plurality of voices, &c. An admiralty process is made out in the admiral's name, who has under him a judge, commonly some learned civilian; and though the proceedings are acoording to civil law, and the maritime law, of Rhodes and Oleron, the sea being without the common law, yet by Seel land12. stat. 28 hen. VIII, murder, robbery, &c. at sea, may be tried by special commission to the lord admiral, &c. according to the laws of England. W. III.C. 7. The admiralty is said to be no court of record, on account of its proceeding by the civil law. 4 Inst. 133. But the admiralty has jurisdiction where the common law can give no remedy; and all maritime causes, or causes arising wholly 6 Rep. upon the sea, it hath cognizance of The admiralty hath jurisdiction in cases of freight, mariners wages, breach ofcharter-parties, though made within the realm; if 2 Cro. 216. the penalty be not demanded; and likewise in case of building, mending, saving, and victualling ships, 3.c. so as the suit be against the ship, and not only against the parties. - Mariners wages are contracted on the credit of the ship, and they may all join suits in the admiralty, whereas in common law they 1 Salk. 32. must all sever; and, on the contrary, the master of a ship contracts on the owners credit, and not the ship's, and therefore he cannot prosecute in the admiralty for his wages. - It is allowed by the common lawyers and civilians, that the lord admiral has cognizance of seamen's wages and contracts, and debts, Wood's Inst. for making ships; also of things done in navigable rivers, concerning damages to persons, ships, goods, annoyances of free passage, &c. of 818. contracts, and other things done beyond sea, relating to navigation and marine trade. But if a contract be made beyond sea for doing of an act, or payment of money within this kingdom, or the contract is upon the sea, 2 Bulst. 322. and not for a marine cause, it shall be tried by jury; for where part belongs to the common law, and part to the admiral, the common law shall be preferred; and contract made beyond sea may be tried in B. R. and a fact be laid to be done in any place in England, and so tried here. Where a contract is made in England, and there is a conversion beyond sea, the party may sue in the admiralty, or at common law. 4 Leon. 257. So where a bond is made and delivered in France: An obligation made at sea, it has been held, cannot be sued in the admiral's Heb. 11 court, because it takes its course, and binds according to the common law. The court of admiralty cannot hold plea of a matter arising from a contract made upon the land, though the contract was concerning 3 Lev. 60. things belonging to the ship; but the admiralty may hold plea for the seamen's wages, &c. because they become due for labour done on the sea; and the contract made upon land is only to ascertain them. Though where there is a special agreement in writing, by which seamen are to receive their wages in any other manner than 1 Salk. 31. usual; or if the agreementat land be under seal, so as to be more than a parole contract, it is otherwise. See Hob. 79. If goods delivered on shipboard are embezzled, all the mariners ought to contribute to the satisfaction of the party who is the 1 Lill 368. sufferer, by the marine law, and the cause is to be tried in the admiralty. By the custom of the admiralty, goods may be attached in the hands of a third person, in causa maritima & civili, and they shall March's Rep. be delivered to the plaintiff after defaults, on caution to restore them, if the debt, &c. be disproved in a year and a day; and if the 204. party refuse to deliver them, he may be imprisoned quosque, &c. Godb. 260. The court of admiralty may cause a party to enter into a bond, in nature of caution or stipulation, like bail at common law; and if 1. Shep. he render his body, the sureties are discharged; and execution shall be of the goods, or the body, &c. not of the lands. §. §h 33 eel Salk.33. Some sailors clothes were bought in the parish of St. Catharine, near the Tower, London and were delivered in the ship: on Owen 122. a suit in the admiralty for the money, prohibition was granted; for this was within the county. The same of a ship at Blackwall, &c. Hughes Ab. But the admiralty may proceed against a ship, and the sails, and tackle, when they are on shore, although alledged to be detained on 113. land; yet upon alledging offer of a plea, claiming property therein, and refusal of the plea, on this suggestion a prohibition shall be had. 1 Show. 179. The admiralty court may award execution upou land, though not hold plea on anything arising on land. 4 Inst. 141- And, upon letters missive or request, the admiralty here may award execution, on a judgement given beyond sea, where an IRoll's Abrid. Englishman flies, or comes over hither, by imprisonment of the party who shall not be delivered by the common law. 350. When sentence is given in a foreign admiralty, the party may libel for execution of that sentence here; because all courts of Sid. 418. admiralty in Europe are governed by the civil law. - Sentences of any admiralty in another kingdom are to be credited, that our's may be credited there, and shall not be examined Raym. 437. at law here; but the king may be petitioned; who may cause the complaint to be examined; and, if he finds just cause, may send to his amdassador where the sentence was given, to demand redress; and upon failure thereof, will grant letters of marque and reprisal. If one be sued in the admiralty, contrary to the statutes 13 and 15 R. II. he may have a supersedeas, to cause the judge to stay the 10 Rep. 75. proceedings, and also have action against the party sueing. A ship being privately arrested by admiralty process only, and no suit, it was adjudged a prosecution within the meaning of the 1 Salk.31,32. statutes, and double damages, &c. shall be recovered. And if an erroneous jndgement is given in the almiralty, appeal may be had to delegates appointed by commission out of chancery whose sentence shall be final. - The lord high admiral of Great-Britain doth, by virtue of his place, appoint in divers parts of the kingdom, his several Stat.8 Eliz. substitutes, or vice-admirals, with the judges and marshals, by patent under the great seal of the high court of admiralty, which vice- C. 5. admirals and judges do exercise jurisdiction in maritime affairs within their several limits; and in case any person be aggrieved by any sentence or interlocutory decree that has the force of a definitive sentence, he may appeal to the high court of admiralty. Besides the above-mentioned vice-admirals, &c. the lord high admiral hath under him many officers differing in degrees and qualities, as some are of a military and others of a civil capacity, some judicial and others ministerial; so that the marine jnrisdiction may justly be deemed a separate commonwealth or kingdom, and the lord high admiral be reputed as a viceroy of it. There is, under this court, a court of equity, for determining differences between merchants; and in criminal affairs, which is commonly about piracy: the proceeding in this court was formerly by accusation and imformation, according to the civil law, by a man's own confession, or eye-witnesses, by which any one was to be proved guilty before he could be condemned; but that being found inconvenient, there were two statutes made by Hen. VIII, that criminal affairs should be tried by witnesses and a jury, and this by a special commission of the king to the lord admiral, wherein some of the judges of the realm are ever commissioners, and the trial, according to the laws of England, directed by those statutes. There seems to be divisum imperium between the common law of England and the admiralty; for so far as low-water-mark is observed in the sea, is counted infra corpus comitatus adjacentis, and the causes thence arising are determinable by the common law; yet when the sea, is full, the admiral hath jurisdiction here also, so long as the sea flows, over matters done between the low-water mark and the land, as appears in Sir Henry Constable's case. THE vasiºpsi is an isºlars. - “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. -- Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. VOL. 8. (Advertisements, see Price Current.) ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N T O N. The TRINCU Lo, (Brit.) Hingston, from Liverpool viá Manila, and the TREMoWT, (A.m.) Cunningham, from Manila, are the only reported arrivals. In our last number we endeavoured to assist the Editor of the Hurkaru in forming a just opinion of the contents of the letter from Canton which he had withheld on account of it's personalities; and we now confidently refer him to our report of lord Napier's speech of the 16th of August, which will completely dissipate any mystification in which this simple and straight-forward matter has been shrouded. It is now due to our inpartiality and independence as an Editor, and to our personal character and honor as a man, to republish in our columns the following extract from the Hurkaru of the 16th of last december. We shall say little at present; indeed only to affirm that, a short time after the dissolution of the meeting of the 16th of august, we received a verbal communication from a party (through his confidential clerk), recommending us in our capacity of Editor of the Canton Register (from which paper he had withdrawn his subscription so far back as the 25th of february, 1834) to impress on the minds of the British mercantile community an attention to lord Napier's speech. We hailed this communication as a good omen; and although we did not require such prompting, we still thought the message gracious, and rejoiced that the touching words of lord Napier had not been addressed to careless or unfriendly hearers. Bengal Hurkaru Dec. 16th. 1834. We bave before us a China letter of a late date, entering into considerable detail on the late and present state of affairs there, and we should be glad to publish it entire for the sake of the new view which it gives of the late lord Napier's proceedings, but for the frequent introduction of the names of individuals whom we should not be justified in bringing before the public. Without, however, adopting implicitly the opinions and statements of our correspondent, and desirous only of placing on record all that is thought and said on this difficult and obscure subject, we shall briefly lay before our readers those particulars in the communication to which we have referred that have not hitherto appeared. . AIſ, or nearly all, our information has hitherto been derived from the Canton Register, and we are warned to receive its statements with caution, as it is in the hands of a small party who do not speak the sentiments of the general body of the British merchants in China. For ourselves we are free to confess, that if this character is deserved, the warning with which it is ac- companied was needful to us, for from the paper itself we have not been able to discover the party or factious sentime:ts of which it is the alleged organ. We have seen no sentiments professed and no doctrines taught in it which do not identify its principles with the general interests of ºritish trade and the honor of the national character. To the guidance of this faction, lord Napier is alleged to have surrendered himself. The circumstances leading to the stoppage of the trade are thus explained. In the progress of the negotiations, lord Napier's letter to the governor sent to the city-gate was refused, and he in his thrn refused to receive the hong merchants officially. They then requested a meeting of the British merchants, on which lord Napier, at a meeting convened fºr the purpose, recommended them not to attend the meeting to which they had been invited. Their consequent refusal to attend was answered in four long Chops by the hong merchants, which were delivered to the gentleman whose name was first in the list of British merchants, and he, before the other British merchants had time to consider the course to be pursued, replied to the communication of the hong merchants in his own name. The rejoinder of the hong merchants announced the stoppage of the trade, which is thus represented to have been caused by one man, and he a private merchant acting without authority on behalf of all the British mer- chants at Canton. We cannot vindicate or explain such an assumption on the Tºast, Az, March loth, 1835. No. 10.).; , ; --> part of this individual, if it actually took place as alleged; but the imputation of improper motives to that gentleman will not be supported, unless it can be shown that his reply was different from that which the body of British mer- chants would have sent if they had been fully consulted. There are some most bitter and unfortunate feuds existing in the mercantile society of Canton, arising partly out of private causes, and who is to blame we know not and do not inquire; but it is evident that these dissensions inflict a national injury, by preventing that combination of exertions without which it is impossible to cope with the Chinese. If the merchants of Canton value their own reputation not only in the eyes of the Indian but of the British community, they will at least keep these disgraceful contentions out of public view, and prevent them from exercising any influence on measures of public policy towards a people with whom there is greater difficulty in negociating than with any other with whom we have mercantile relations. There are various other details given, some of them new but unimportant. The chief question of interest, now in relation to this subject is, What is to be done? We suppose that nothing will de done by the Superintendents in China, until they receive fresh instructions from the home authorities, adopted to the new circumstances in which the trade is placed. With reference to the expressed and reasonble wish of the Editor of the Hurkaru, that some one of the British merchants in Canton would “–give a full and faithful exposition of the recent transactions”—it is, we fear, not likely to be gratified. The task, indeed, is not easy. Events are too recent, opinions too prejudiced;—there are too many clashing interests, and—we regret to say it—too much estrangement; and no individual thus—“cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in”—can trust himself, or be trusted—in an attempt so delicate. The halo of distance from these events is required by the writer who should commit himself to the labour of describing them fully and fairly. At present, a judicious man would beinclined to say— “nothing that is false, rather than all that is true.”—Never- theless, very sufficient information on the “recent transac- tions,” is not wanting; and we have much pleasure in referring all those who are desirous to become acquainted with the commencement, progress, and termination of lord Napier's mission to Canton, to the chinese Repository for november, december, january and february last; in which valuable per- iodical will be found—not only relations of events—but opinions and conclusions, which are the more deserving of attention as coming from a quarter removed in great measure we believe, if not wholly, from either party or national feelings on the subject. There is only one point on which we shall endeavour to inform the Editor of the Hurkaru. He observes, in the above quotation, that—“In the progress of the negotiations lord “Napier's letter to the governor sent to the city-gate was “refused, and he in in his turn refused to receive the hong “merchants officially.”—Which observation seems to imply that the two refusals were correlative. This was not the case. Lord Napier never intended to communicate official- ly with the hong merchants, and never did. He obeyed his orders in endeavouring to open a communication with the viceroy of Canton; and his lordship's first proceeding, after his arrival, was to send the secretary to the com- mission, accompanied by the interpreter, to the city gate with a letter addressed to the viceroy. But this letter was refused acceptance because the word petition was not written on the envelope. If the governor had received this letter he would then have been officially informed whether lord Napier “were an “officer or merchant, and of the cause of his coming.” But Loo, the governor, with the most unstatesmanlike obstinacy, and the most barbarous rudeness, refused to learn why the British union jack was again flying, and why a British man- of-war was anchored in the China waters. He said, forsooth, 38 THE CANTON REGISTER. - 2- > that lord Napier's letter was not properly addressed, which was false; he was saluted with his usual titles; but it was a letter that was sent to him, which inplied an approximation to equality: from this the fistidious chinese shrank; and the long course of misunderstanding and recrimination “ns” d —followed by the stoppage of the trade, and the placing ‘lord Napier under the ban of the celestial empire, denying him wood and water—and, finally, gonging him to death. – All lord Napier's efforts and measures were shamefully con travened by a party here: this is an un doubted ſuct; but the modus operandi of these nefarious proceedings we do not. know: yet thus much we will say, that we have heard from an anthority highly creditable, and who was intinate with lord Napier, that his lordship's illness was caused as much by th: conduct of some of his own conntry men as by the iniinical and rude treatment of the Chinese. Burke has observed, “in the foreign causes that tend “to raise, depress, and sometimes to overwhelin a com- “munity” - that –“it is often impossible to find any propor “tion between the apparent force of the moral causes and “their known operation. We are, therefore, obliged to “deliver up that operation to , mere chance, or, more “piously and more rationally to the occasional interference “and irresistible hand of the Great Disposer.— The death “of a man at a critical juncture, his disgust, his retreat. “his disgrace, have brought innumerable calamities on a “whole nation.” The words are Burke's, the Italics are our own, We publish a translation of a second letter—or rather the first from the true Hahakkuk:"—and Delta's reply. We doubt iſ Habakkuk is the primum mobile in all this vituperation of lord, Napier. We rejoice, however, with Habakkuk, that there is one journal in Macao which may be a vent for the pent-up breathings of our secret ºnemies, who have vainly attempted to discredit the Canton Register in the Calcutta and Bombay papers. - We should conclude from Habakkuk's talking—not from his truth or his reasoning—and his selection ºf his un-euphonious nom de guerre, that he compares us Britishers with the ancient Chaldeans—“being a bitter and hasty nation." Be it so. There is a great question pending between Great Britain and China; an I although we do not wish to —“March “through the breadth of the land, to possess the dicelling “places that are not" ours—yet, in this matter, our" judg- “ment and our dignity shall proceed of" ourse ves. Vi AtoR's letter arrived too late for us to give it that attention it deserves, and which we wish to bestow on it: His questions, however, should be proposed to the law officers of the crown of Pngland, and to the king in parlia. ment assembled; instead of to the editor of a paper. Never theless, we hazard an opiniºn that an embassador at an European court has some degree of power over the subjects of the state that appoints him. It is true, in Europe the powers of representatives are settled by mutual treaties or conventions. But in the absence of a treaty—as in ('hina provided the representative of Great Britain can be – and we think he can constitutionally be—invested with coercive powers over British subjects – whether would any delinquent trust to the administration of his own country's laws by his own countrymen—or to the chinese law and lawyers?— Fur we presumeneither Viator nor any one else will pretend to argue that the British subjects resident in China are uncontrolled by any law of Great Critain or 'hina: being free from the operations of the laws of the first as being planted in a foreign soil - and, as being foreigners. not subject to the laws of the second. If this is the case, how long they will continue to have constituents who will trust men thus without law, and —free as nature first made man, Ere the base laws of servitude began, When wild in woods the noble savage ran. is a question worth their consideration. And also, in this argument, the oath of allegiance is not to be forgotten, We have already given our opinion on the power. at Macao, of H. M. superinteudents. They are out of the limits of their commission: a fact which, we think, renders it a nullity. The following extract from Mc. Culloch's dictionary will, perhaps, satisfy Viator that a kind of imperium in imperio may exist y’ the mutual agreement of two states: and tºe principle ouce being admitted, it’s “xtension. in order that it should hear on all possible cases, is neither diſli- cult nor unconstitutional. - Other states have occasionallv Øiven to consuls similar powers to those conceded to them in Turkey. Thus, in the treaty between Sweden and the United states of America, ratified on the 24th of July, 1818, it is stipulated tl at the consuls appoint, d by either goverruit nt to “site within the , , , ,- nions of the other, or their su'stitutes, “shall, as such, have the right of acting as judges or arbiters in all cases of differences which may arise between the captains and crews of the vessels of the nation whose affairs are intrusted to their care. The respective governments shall have no right to interfere in these sort of affairs, except in the case ºf the conduct of the crews disturbing Jublic order and tranquilliiv in the country in which the vessel may happen to be, or in which the consul of the place may be obliged to call for the intervention and support of the executive power, in order to cause his devision to be respected; it being however, well un !erstood, that this sort of judgment or arbitration “annot deprive the contending parties of their rights of anpealing on their return to the judicial authorities of their country.” 2d El. Page, 387. We publish ſrom the Oriental Repertory some extra, ts from the notes on the China Trade by Mr. Pigou, who was formerly at the head of the coup iny's factory; these notes were written letween the years 1754 and 1758. There are also some notices of Mr. A. Dalrymple, on the same subject. Redress for impositions and extension of the com- merce seem to have occupied the minds of the select com- mittees of those days with some degree of earnest; those points, which are now felt to be of such general interest. are, we trust, about to be dis tissed with more seriousness of intention than any affair connected with the British commerce in China has ever yet been able to obtain from H. M. government. “why Do the HEATHEN RAGF, AND The People - IMAGINE AVAIN THING.” ( from the Chronica de Macao, 21 February, 1835.) Mr. Taitor, Althºugh in Macao, there is but one periodical, it shall have an only Hah- la', kuk who is willing to enter the field in defence of the empire of thina against the aggressions of men possessed of heated notions, and irritated mºre; by insatiable anbition, because the innocent aspect which this empire presents to the whole world is to appease all the valiant A "am innons and warlike Attilas, in order to maintain untouched this great monument of admiration to the wise and to the researchers of antiquity; an it would be a surprise to all the other nations iſ, when quiet v reposing, a similar catastrophe should take place, as that which is premeditated against this empire; which has no cause to fear enemies, as she has not hitherto, directly or indirectly; offended the dignity or interfered with the interests of the representatives of the different nations who come to trade, in an empire (because it is to their advantage without being asked, without treaties or cºnventions), whose policy it is to maintain unaltered it's laws and customs; by which it is supposed they have succeeded in preserving the people in concord and due subjection, and will still continue so to do for many thonsand years which is not at all like the maxims or plans of the cabinets of the rest of the world, of which the emperor of China has no knowledge, neither does he take measures to be made acquainted with them: thus showing that he er tertains no thought of hºstile interference with them; for this reason, the emperor of China is only prepared to enforce his own laws among’ his own people, and keep off hordering enemies by the management and tactics invented by the Chinese themselves: — any treacherous attack upon the coasts by any one, would, therefore, be attended with no difficulty tho' possessed of very little know let'ge of warfare: but is it on this account that the petitioners display so much audacity with intention of making great plunder not satisfied with what they have done for several years past on the emperor's revenues, at Lintin and Capsinginoon. Let us proceed. Mr. Delta, to the argument of the petition by which the subscribers thereto are going to disturb and take up the precious time of his Britannic Majesty and his nºnisters for satisfact, on against the government of China respecting the occurrºnees which took place with lord Napier It is not our intention to enter, even by cour e º reasoning, on the cause why and how lord Napier came to Cºna, they being oints connected will the cab net, and therefore not to be discu-sº dº by ns; but we will only expose what occurred most remarkable in the conduct of lord Napier and of the government of China. on which occasion almost all the principles and rights of nations, so religiously ºbserved in all Europe, were set aside. Lºrd Nalier, having arrived at Macao. in a few days proceeded to Canton by the outside passave in a schooner, and it appears without giving previous notice to the viceroy of his arrival and the purpºses for which he came, insomuch that a hong merchant coming to Macao to enquire the objects of his mission arrived too late, he having already embarked. It is the well known establish- ed regulation in all countries in the world, that the greater the personage the stricter the formality, and that without delay his arrival and office shºuld be made known: consequently, the reception of the visit is always equal to the civility with which it is announced: and in China, more than any other part these formalities are looked for. Lord Napier, not minding or regardless of the authorities of Canton, or from being extremely unceremonious, landed at night, entered the factory, formerly, occupied by the company with his suite, and in the morning the Union jack, which had not been hºsted sins … THE CANTon REGISTER. the extinction of the company, appears at the masthead, by magical art. ... It is natural that the Chinese, seeing the Flag hoisted, gentlemen in uniform, rock'd ha", pages &c. walking in the company's hall, should feel astonished, and uneasiness be created in the minds of every one of the populace assembled; the subaltern authorities indagate who the gentlemen are and what they want, and carrv the information to their superiors. Lord Napier refuses to have any thing to do with hong merchants, saying it was derogatory to the re- presentation he was to assume in Canton to treat with merchants, and sends his etier to the viceroy by his deputies, who were not received. The hong merchants, some bearing insignias of honors. being a distinct class from the other merchants, are, on account of their slight knowledge of the Fnglish language, required to be the first to go to anv foreigner, thé he may be of the highest nobility, to enquire the nature of his business, and repo t the same to the respective mandarins. Lord Napier's reason for not conforming himself to such old established regulations does not hold good; for, with the exception of a few gentle men, who were attached to the service of the late company, still remaining here, he had no other to negotiate or associate with but English or Parsees merchants, and all these smugglers or promoters of the illicit trade of Buccaniers carried on at Lintin and on the coast of China, who, in the opinion of the public, a better judge than we are, do not appear to be on a par with the hong merchants. In the meantime, the viceroy sends the Qwang-chow-ſoo, and two other mandarins of some dignity, to call on lord Napier, who, according to report, presented themselves with due etiquette, to enquire personally of lord Napier the rers in why he came and what he wanted; and afterwards, as lord Napier referred them to the letter he had addressed to the viceroy, and which was not received, the inandarins intimated to him the order of the viceroy, to proceed to Macao, and there await the pleasure of the emperor respecting his coming and intended residence. Lord Napier, not only rejected their intimation but determined to adhere to his resolution; this measure irritated the Chinese authorities, and they then prohibited the supply of food to lord Napier and his suite until he should leave for Macao. The populace were frequently on the point of attacking the residence of lord Napier, but the viceroy prevented them by a strong body of Tartars, which was immediately placed to afford defence in case of need. The moment lord Napier became resigned, and wished to proceed to Macao, they immediately procured the necessary boats, in which the Europeans proceed to and from Canton, possessing every accommodation It pleased God to remove lord Napier to a better world, whilst stretchel on a bed surrounded by his illustrious family, administering every possible comfort, and he was conveyed the grave with every mark of respect. Tell me now, readers, in what ma ner were the Chinese the cause of that illustriou, nobl man's death, who seems to have been badly advised by those who surrounded him, and who were the planners for his coming, for which re; son, he showed a little obstinacy in his resolutions, which probably did not emanate from his heart. We cannot conclude this withont alluding to the too great remark Mr. Delta has made respecting Mr. This gentleman might well have declined signing the petition in question, because it would have inade no ifference nor produce any effect, remembering that it is more than 40 years that he and his brother have trod the territory of this celestial empire. His brother in a few years made a large fortune and retired to Europe, leaving behind him several chinese friends; and Mr. ——— was sufficiently possessed of means to make a greater fortune than his brother; he made two, and is abundanly provided to continue to live hap, y and independently, and leave plenty to his posterity. The chinese alone contributed to the fortune of Mr. and is there not a claim to an obligation, or, at least, to a regard for the empire where he resides, possessed of health and fortune, which we wish he may long enjoy.—Amen.— Mr. Delta, we had just accomplished our task, when we received intel. ligence by the last arrival that the vessels which left this in april last for Pngland, doubled the fortunes which they had acquired here by means of the illicit traffic at Lintin, and by acting in the capacity of buccaniers they will clear 80 a 120 per cent on the goods taken from the empire which they wish to overthrow. We will again repeat, what we have already expressed, what a want of calculation | What blindness! where, Mr. Deita, will the subscribers to the petition make 80 a 120 per cent if they dismant e this little church! Let the petitioners molerate or reform, then petition and appeal in a manner more suited to the times and with more discernment. The Chinese alteud to reason, and are sufficiently lenient to the Europeans. Macao, 14th February, 1835. * The True HABAkkuk." DEAR MR. Editor, So I see you was right, and Habakkuk is a “weak enemy," not an imprudent friend:—be it so, it is as old as Job, who said;—“Oh that mine enemy had written a book." But though he is our enemy I am nºt his, an I will only hope that in his next book he will reme mber Habakkuk. is one of the shortest in the Bible, and that he is in some manner bound to imitate the brevity of his great name-sake; for the rest, I mean to dissect Hibakkuk as a friend, not as a foe, and, to begin with the beginning, his motto—if Habakkuk is irreligious enough to put the words of our Maker into the mouth of the celestial emperor; łº, envy his taste, nor adopt his plan. Habakkuk assumes that neither the emperor nor his government la e done us any wrong, but have merely rul d their own people. Is it very likely that ninety or one hundred truders should all at once call out, with o it so nº wrong!—The emperor himself says, on paper, we have, by law, an wºn market at Canton:—this his operatives, ºn practice dely: is this a wrong, or no!—A thousand other wrongs could be instanced, not one good; but I am truly tied down by that brevity which l advise. Habakkuk, not contented with a tirade against the petition and Delta in this letter, vehemently attacks the late lord Napier's measures; haj- ply for me, these measures have, in the main line of conduct, approvers *nº defenders more impartial and far more able than myself namely, t e Canton Repºsitory and the India Press (in the acquisition of which latter air, since I last addressed Hibakkuk, we have a tower of strength), as the best tast of what our British countrymen will say. Yet, statements so falsey and so boljly inade must be said no to or left to silent con- 39 He finds fault with us petitioners taking up the precious time of H. B. M. in council with our complaints. Now, we, being free-men, assert that the very right to reign over us cºrries with it the necessity of his Miljesty of England listening to and redressing our just complaints, as he does so reign by the power, treasure, and blood of our fellow-citizens. Habakkuk objects to lord Napier not staying at Macao, bnt going to Canton. Was ſ. Napier's mission to the governor of Macao, a Portu- guese settlement, or was it to China!—Answer this, and you finish 'the question. I beg to differ with lord Palmerston as to the location of lord Napier's mission being confined to Canton; I consider Peking was the place, but surely not Macao, under any circumstances. - Pray, would Habakkuk, sending a political mission to Portugal, send it to Cadizº or to Oporto!—No—he would send it to Lisbon. The awkward hour of the arrival of lord Napier at Canton, Habakkuk knows, arose from the elements; this the public have been informed of over and over again. Lord Napier's conduct when here was, on the whole, Inost conciliatory, candid and mºnly. Had he determined to receive com- munications from the hong merchants, he might as well have staid in his comfortable quarters in Windsor castle: as to break through that system of applying for redress to the party doing the wrong, was indeel, the * sensible excuse for £30,000 per annum expended in his lordship approach.ug these shores; and, as I have said, it has, at least, had this good effect of showing that Peking is your place. With respect to Hibakkuks rom ince of the populace being akout to break into lord Napier's establishment, permit me, who on the spot was a keen observer, deeply inter-sted, and, in part, an actor in the scene, to assure him that the populace (up to the shop-keepers even) were entirely with lord Napier and against their own government; and that the first gathering of peºple (which never was considerable) was, caused by the coming down of about 300 ragamuffin tartar troops, who, whilst they remainel, payed at cards without ceasing, both night and day; they drew mats over our main entrances, and lighted strong lights at night, and all º and night did nothing but gamble, and stop supplies from reaching lord anter - Hibºk tº says, lord Napier, not content with rejecting the hong merchants, refused to receive government officers.—Not so!—Lord Napier received one set of government officers, and explained what he had to say through Mr. Morrison. The next set demanded the exclusion of Mr. Morrison, an to be spoken to only by their own linguists. Lord Napier knew, as we all know, that not one linguist unlerstands speaking three worls of English; an as to writ n : beyond the letter S on a bale of Surat cotton, they cannot write, or read, one word; so he rightly declined their services “as his interpreters,”—though he assented to any number of them coming as a chinese ch cle on Mr. Morrison; but other little, stuoid motives of pride, and chairs, which seem hidden from Habakkuk— helped to break up this intended meeting. - As to the causes of lori Napier's death, I sneak cautiously, and refer to the nºthentic reports of h’s strºn; but what I saw myself I have no reserve up ºn —Tºº 'hºrmon. 'er 97; imprisonment in an oven; depriva- tion aſ who!, one to is ºnd an acknowledged fever at that time attending lord Naotor . This well placed—and a relapse, caused by worse—treat- ment at Heangshan—and I will ask, what Hippocrates?—Or even stron- ger—a dear and devoted fumily?—could do to cure the effects of such unnecessary cruelty?—It is a national claim for redress!—And, without any revengeful feelin rs, unwise will that nation be which submits, unre 'ressed, to such a wrong!—Not for the past, but as safety for the future?— The chinese, IIa', 'kkuk sys, are unprotected on ther shores;– they should have well considered that before they deserved the res. ntment of England; for it is not the whinin - of Habakkuk, or their own false paper statements, that can longer screen thein. - Their hour has come! As ‘o the discussion about an in lividual in Habakku's letter, I alwnys thought it indel cate. But pray, if that judicious individual has made three or four fortunes, nnd lost two of them, what is it to the chinese. We prº- sume he gave value for the silks, nankeens, ten &c. he sent home; and the chinese, ºretting the value he asks, is the obliged not the olliger ?– As to Habakkuks tirade about Buccanºers, I suspect ho e o my cºuntry, so long as they break no law of England, and do not run counter to any moral principle, will not he deterred from eating their rolend ºr by such a dog in the manger as Habakkuk, Your's DELTA. * 6 March, 1835, Canton. - ro THE EDITon or THE can roN REGIsrex, Sir, There is a point of some importance, in reference to our country and Chinn, on which I should be most glad to take “counsels opinion.” It is as regards the nature and extent of the authority vested in any of his Britannic Majesty's subjects in this country. The Chinese, as all other nations, deny the power of any foreign potentate to establish laws (impe- rium in imperio) within their territories, excepting from this only the Portuguese, as far as concerns their own subjects in Macao. Now, in case, as is possible, of any disagreement of opinion or of interests between any of His Britannic Majesty's subjects in China and the superintendents for the time being, and the former refusing to conform to the advice or orders of the latter, whence would be derived their power to enforce submission to their enactments! or to what extent would their power go! We know that in the small settlement of Macao their orders would bear no we ght, and it may reasonably be doubted whether the “great Chinese na lon" would consider them deserving of more respect. In fict, is not us delegs. 40 THE CANTON REGISTER, tion of power in a foreign country to any subjects of the British nation an act of gross folly on the part of our government! For where, I would ask, is the power to come from! Can we or dare we land a part of ship's companies at Whampoa (that is supposing them willing to act as Bow street officers) to remove any obnoxious or refractory individual, when even his Majesty's superintendents and interpreter cannot go to the city gate with a petition without getting mauled and pelted, for which attack they can get no redress! - I know that it is said that his Majesty can grant to others power, in any country, over his subjects. This is a fallacy, he can do no such thing. What would become of his claim to this power in the U. States of America, in France, in Spain, or in Russia! Would it be recognised! It would not. It would be laughed at. And how can a power that would not be acknow– ledged valid elsewhere, be deemed so here! By the 53rd George 3rd it is said that power of deportation from this country was granted to the representatives of the east lndia company—So far as the right was in the houses of parliament they no doubt did so; but what was their power! Had they any? and if not (as was the case) how could they delegate to others what was not in them to exercise! Is it not plainly an absurdity growing out of the power of the east India company over the actions and persons of British subjects in their own territories in India, and which was thoughtlessly tacked on to it, though the circumstances of the east India company in the two countries were so widely different! In one country masters—in the other suppliants—yet arrogating the same juridical powers in China as in India. Is not such still the case! his Britannic Majesty's representatives are unrecognised, and yet have the power (nominal') to act as Magistrates in this conntry! Would it not be as well to point this out among the many, anomalies and blunders, which have marked the change in the state of things between England and China! The only case, which I am aware of, in which such power was approved of and admitted, was in that of the old Levant company and Turkey; but this was by positive and express treaty, without which the person and property of a British subject were as safe from their power as that of a turk—Can you oblige me by any information on these points, which have excited attention from others, as well as, Your humble servant, March 9th, 1835. WIAtoR. RFM Arks on the trape of CANton. (By Frederick Pigou, Esq. 1751.) As the Commerce of Canton suffers from several impositions, or new duties, exacted since some years, such as the present of 1950 tales per ship, and duty of 6 per cent, and as many bad customs have been introduced to our prejudice, it would perhaps be proper to send an embassy to Pekin. The ambassador must come in the king's name, but in a company's ship, he must never have been in China before; at least not in The company's service, or belonging to any ship, he must be a man of some rank, or figure, an officer in the army would do; he should be a man of understanding and probity, and not too haughty, he may be attended by Mr. Flint, in quality of one of his secretarys. It will be very easy to procure, from the court of Lisbon, an account of the necessary cere- monies, to be observed; and, if that be thought proper, leave for the ambassador to land at Macao, and wait there until he can proceed to Pekin. But the embassy may be sent, either from Amoy or from Canton, for to whatever place a ship comes, carrying a proper flag, which denotes that an ambassador is on board, the mandarines are obliged to give notice of it at court, and to entertain the ambassador, until he is attended thither by the persons whom the emperor sends for that purpose. The ambassadar, or one of his secretarys, should understand the Latin tongue. The ambassador must bring presents for the emperor, the most acceptable things would be, some pieces of our finest cloth, termºrht-silks, wrought-plate, wrought-glasses, and finest looking glasses, fine large undrilled and round pearls, sine landskips, all of the same size, a fine tent of yellow cloth, secured from the rain on occasion, by some han’some yellor corering. The ship that brings an ambassadºr, nays neither measurage, nor indeed any duties upon the goods she brings, or carries away, but they must be landed and shipped, in the ambassador's name and as that makes him a merchant, the ambassador from Lishon, would not suffer it, because it would have lessened him in the sight of the chinese, the measurage and present are however saved: presents to, and from, the emperor never pay duties, and the ship that carries an ambassador home, supposing it is not the same that brought him, is also free from the measurage, present, &c. upon declaring the purpose on which she is come. If the ambassador comes by the way of Canton, he may stop without the Boca Tigris, and there hoist the flag before mentioned. It would be honourable for the English nation, if she procured to other nations, the same privileges and favours she obtains for hereself; the not being used to this wav of thinking, has often lost us many advantages. In 1751, in the month of March, or April, the emperor's mother attained the age of 60 years, which called, by the chinese, her great birth day, it is an occasion of great rejoicing, and a proper one to solicit favours; the Canton merchants proposed to Mr. Misenor to send Mr. Flint to Ninkev, to meet the emperor there, and to solicit the remittance of the present of 1950 tales per ship, and some other grievances; and offered to be at the charge of his journey, and the presents to be made the emperor: Mr. Misenor refused to make use of this opportunity, lest, he said, other na’ions should reap the benefit of it. Had Mr. De la Barre staid one year longer in Chint, all the merchants think, he would have gone himself, to petition the emperor, to remedy the evils that now obstruct our trade; and they think he would have succeeded. If more than one port, was opened in China, for the trade of Europeans, the mandarines would be more obliging to them, than they are at Canton, for an emulation would arise among them, who should return to court the greatest sums of money for duties: and those who used Europeans best, would have the greatest number of ships come to them. The ambassdor may solicit leave, for a constant residence in China of the company's agents, and for building commodious houses and warehouses, wherever they chuse to trade. - It is written in the chinese books, that Europeans are a warlike boisterous prople, who always seek to invade the eastern countries, where they come to trade; for which reason they 'are not allowed to stay in China, but by the connirance of the mandarins; and they are not allowed to purchase, or build houses, least under that pretence they in time build forts; this prejudice begins to wear off. It has been thought that a constant resident at the court of Pekin would be serviceable to the company's affairs; such a person, skilled in some science, either Physick, Surgery, Painting, Statuary, Music, &c. and not medling in matters of religion, might, in time, be admitted to the emperor's favor, and if he was to marry there, and have children, he might enjoy more privileges than the missionarys do, who cannot live in their posterity, which indeed is one principal reason of their making hardly any progress in the cause they have undertaken, one person settling himself thus to advantage, would soon occasion the residence of many: and it is conjectured they had better enter the empire from the northward, than from the southward, however the first might accompany the ambassador. The ambassador may solicit at court the following articles. 1. The continuance of our privileges. - 2: A remission of the duty of 6 per cent, imposed since the settling the first tarif. 3. The remission of the present of 1950 tales per ship. 4. That we be allowed the same favours, and privileges in trade, which the emperor's subjects enjoy, and pay no more than the emperor's stated duties, on any goods imported, or exported. 5. That those who deal with us, or serve us, may enjoy as much liberty as the emperor's other subjects, at present they do not, for the man- darins force the merchants to make them presents; and the servants, that is the linguists and compradores, to pay them money. 6. That we may be protected by the mandarines, in all cases, and par- ticularly from the insults of the lower people. 7. That we be not made to pay duties on the import or export of our provisions, liquors, and other necessaries. 8. That effectual orders be given to prevent our goods being plundered on the river. 9. That the officers of the customs exact no presents from us. 10. That we may have leave to walk about the town, and to go from one place to another, particularly, to Macao, without being detained by the officers of the customs, or be made to pay for our chops. 11. That the access to the mandarins be made easy to us, and that the hoppo, or a mandariue for the purpose, be ordered to receive us at all times, and redress onr grievances. 12. That we have leave reside at Canton, or elsewhere, for the better carrying on our trade. On our part, we should promise to give the government no disturbance. Notes concerning the trade to China (by A. Dalrymple) About the same time,(1758) another alteration had taken place, in the mode of transacting the business at Canton, viz. by trading more directly with the country-merchant, who brought his goods to Canton; although from his ignorance in the english language, in a jargon of which the business of Canton is transacted, the agency of a hong-merchant was requisite, as well as for the security, to government, that the duties should be paid, and for shipping goods, which can only be done in the name of the hong-merchant who is security for the ship, It may easily be perceived that by so much as this new mode was beneficial to the European, it must be hurtful to the chinese hong-merchants, who were security to the government: for although, at the opening of the trade to China, it appears the chin, se government would have received the duties at Canton, immediately from the European; yet his ignorance of heir modes of transacting business, had induced him rather to pay his duties through the agency of an hong-merchant, and long established custom had sanctioned the mode at Canton, though at Limpo the English paid their own duties. The hong-merchants at Canton were the persons from whom the Mandarines exacted presents, so that their situations made them necessarily exposed to great expences, for which they were debarred from receiving any equivalent, by the immediate traffick with the country-merchant. As the agency with the country-merchant was confined to few individuals; and these in- dividual hong-merchants became little more than brokers between the European and country-merchant. At first the hong merchants traded jointly, for although, at the time, the Europeans declared, that they would transact no business with them con- jointly, yet their separate transactions were communicated to each other, and concluded in the Cong-long. It is questioned, whether this Cong-hong was established by an edict of the emperor, or only by an order of the Canton government ; because. in the year 1770, on application of the supracargoes, supported by a large sum of money, viz. 100,000 tales, or above £30,000, the Cong-hong was abolished; which, it is alledged, could not have been done had it been established by the emperor's edict: However since that time the hong-merchants, or members who constituted the Cong-hong, have continued to transact business on their separate individual account, though they still remaiu a body and assemble for purposes of a general concern, such as defraying the expence of presents, &c. From what has been already said, it is obvious, that the Chinese trade must lye under great disavantages, from the regulations under which it is necessarily carried on; and it is equally certain, that very great advantages would have attended a settlement of our own, in the vicinity of China, to which the chinese junks from all the maritime parts of that empire could have freely come: The pamphlet, I formerly published on the proposed settlement at Balambangan, has discussed that matter at large. + Some papers of the late M. Galbert say “the Con-hang was proposed by “the Tsongtou in 1759, and representations made to to the emperor on the “subject; who after several objections, authorised it in 1762,” whatever may have been the authority on which it was established, It certainly was esta- blished in 1759, at which time I was at Canton. DIED.—At Manila, 20th February last, MR. NATHAN L. Dur AND, of Milford, Conn. U. S. A. During a residence of a year at Manila, his amiable disposition and ageeable manners had won for him the esteem and affection of his associates, by whom his early decease is much lamented. Th E bºrºus islandsºnals. * “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. voi. s. FREIGHT TO LONDON. - HE DAVID SCOTT, Captain Owen, Teak-built, 737 tons; to sail with all despatch. Apply to JARDINE, MATHEson X Co. FOR ROM BAY. - THE GOOD SUCCFSS, Captain Durant, to sail about the 20th inst. will receive freight at Lintin. Annlv to JAR prx; MATHEsox & Co. tº OR FREI (; HT ( ) it (; H A RTF. It TO LONDON, OR ANY PART OF THE WORLD. HE ship CAPTAIN COOK, Wm. Thompson Commander, A. 1. 452 tons Register. Apply to JARDINE, MATHEson & Co. FOR FREIGHT TORTCHARTER TO LONDON. HE bark ATWICK, A. 1.340 tons Register, Captain Hugh McKay. To load at Whampoa. Apply to Thomas DENT & Co. Canton, 23rd February, 1835. FORTFREIGHTORTCHARTERTTOTFRANCE. HF brig NESTOR, Captain Thibaut. Apply to Thomas DENT & Co. Canton, 23rd F brmary, 1835. FOR FREIGHT OR PASSAGE TO HAVRE. HE French ship TOURVILLE, Captain Pigaux, daily expected from Manila, will sail early in March. Applv to B. Grit NAERT. FOR FREIGHT () IR CHA RTER TO LON 1) () N. HF fine Teak built ship, ARGYLE, of 600 Tons, Captain Alexander Macdonald–Tenders will be received by Joseph CRAGG. Canton 16 Feburary 1835. FREIGHT TO HAM BURG OR HOLLAND. N the well known teak built and fast sailing vessel SYDEN, of 800 Tons; John Burd, Commander. Tenders will be received by CAPTAIN BURD or JARDINE, Matheson & Co. NOTICE. R. JOHN WATSON will be admitted a Partner in the Firm of JAMES GOD DARD & Co. on the 1st proximo. Canton, 17th March, 1835. NOTICE. GODDARD will hereafter conduct his business under the designation •' s of JAMEs Goddard & Co. Canton, March 4th, 1835. CANTONTTTSTETTORTS.T. FOR SALF, a few sets, bound, at half the subscrintion price; $ 6. A N ( , 1,0 (CH IN EN E is A LEN 1) Air F(.) in 1835. Sºlº at the Canton Register office, No. 4 Danish Hong. Price 50 Cents. ! TENTH (SANTON INSURANCE OFFICE. ARTIFS intending to apply for Insurance are requested to give previous notice, in order that the vessels in which they propose to ship may be duly surveyed, (free of expense to the assured,) before commencing to receive targo. JAR DINE, MAT11 rson & Co. General Agents DECIMA COMPANIIIA DE SEGUIRO DE CANTA (). Spessoas que pertenderem fazer applicacoens para Seguro nesta officina sao prevenidas para darem provia noticia a fim de que os Navios sobre os tunes forem oſerecidos os riscos possao ser devidamente examinados antes ds •onecarem a receber carga. Jardisr, Mathesos & Co. General Agente OR SALE, two Factories; for particulars apply to R. Edwards. Canton, 11th December, 1834. 3 American Hong STATEMENT OF THE BRITISH TRADE, OR the year ending March, 1834. Price 25 cents. Apply at the Canton Register office, No. 4 Danish Hong. - - Fº, Sets of Byron Gallery in Quarto and Octavo. Quarto $10}– Octavo 87). New Onart wine bottles at $5 nor 100. Apply to N ( ) i. 1UE. IND FM NITY INSURANCE OFFICE OF CALCUTTA. ISKS for all parts of the world will be taken by - JAMEs Goddard & Co. Agents for the office in China, Payable in case of loss by Messrs. Gregson, Melville & Knight, Agents in London do. do. Messrs. Gil MoR E & Co. ,, in Calcutta - NOTICE. HE “Union Insurance Society of Canton” established on the 1st January 1835 for Marine Insurance, is now in action. Canton 10th. R. MARK wick & Co. January. 1835. Thomas DENT. & Co. Secretaries. A CAR D. M“. HENRY Wright, ANDrew Johnstone and Alexa NDER - - - MATHEson, are admitted Partners in our establishment, which now consists of Willi AM JARDINE and JAMEs Mathrson, with the addition of the above named gentlemen Canton, February 20th, 1835, JARDINE, MATHESON & Co. TUEspay, Tiarch 17th, 1835. PRICE No. 11.3sºs.; COMPANION TO THE KALEN DAR FOR 1832. gentleman wishes to obtain half a dozen copies of this work; and, it being out of print, will be glad to purchase them, if in good condition, at double the original price. Apply at the office ofthe Canton Register. - - HIBBERTS PALE AI.E.T. DALE ALE in butts from HIBBERT, so well known for his extensive I supplies sent to the United States, at $35 per butt. Apply to R. MARKwick & Co. A. CARD. MR. HeNRY Fawcett and Mr. Thomas WINGATE HENDerson have been this day admitted Partners in our establishment. Bombay 6 December, 1834. (Signed.) OR sale on board the Bark LINTIN, at Lintin, Russian and English Canvass—Hemp and Manila Rope—Beef-Bread—Flour and other Stores. ReMINGTo N& Co. - TO RENT. ON: half of one of the neatest and most convenient Factories in Canton, newly furnished. For particulars apply to No. 3. Imperial Hong. - R. MARxwick & Co., º AT LINTIN FOR SALE. • OD Iron assorted. Chain Cables 3 Inch to # Inch. Anchors, 13 cwt. to 17 cwt., Rose nails of all sizes. Iron spikes, 2 to 4 Inches. Cordage, assorted, 1} to 6}. Inches. Sheathing Copper, 18 to 26 ounces. Sheathing nails, 11 to 1* Inches... Canvas, Nos. I to 7. Boat guns. Apply tº Captaix PARRY Ship “Hercules,” or to Canton, 16th January, 1835. JAt DINE, MAthrson & Co. FOR SAI.E. * LANK ENGRAVED BILLS OF EXCHANGE, at $3 per 100. Apply at the CANtoN REgister Office, 4 Danish Hong; or at 25 Cents per set, apply to R. Markwick & Co. SURVEYOIR FOR LLOYD’S. AVING appointed Mr. William Mackeszie, (late commander of the ship | Hormajee Bomanjee) as Surveyor of shipping on our behalf, public notice thereof is hereby given for the information of parties requiring the servi- ces of such an officer; settling with him for the same. John Tºwpleton & Co. Agents for Lloyd's" NOTICE. -- UST received and for sale at R. MARKwick & Co. few cases GENIEVRE o DE HOLLANDE, from the celebrated House of GRAHAM & CO. Rotterdam, at $5 per dozen FOR SALE. A Small batch of Choice old MADEIRA WINE, a consignment from the well known house of BLACKBURNE & CO. in wood and in bottle. At $200: per pipe.—or $10 per dozen. Apply to Canton, 24. January 1835. - OFFICIAL NOTICE. Considerable inconvenience and public expense having been incurred, b reason of the improper conduct of certain masters of British merchant vesseſs in wilfully leaving behind in this place, men belonging to the said vessels; Notice is hereby given, that this practice is contrary to Law, and that the offence may be prosecuted by indictment or information at the Suit of His Majesty's Attorney General in the court of King's Bench at Westminster, as if it had been committed at Westminster in the county of Middlesex, and it is now declared, that the Superintendents will take measures to institute proceedings against any master or masters of British merchant vessels found offending herein in future. …] By order of the Superintendents, A. R. JOHNSTON. NOTICE, Sunscarrios to the Canton Register and General Price Current, - per annum & 16 payable quarterly. ; $. '...} do. in advance. Do. to the Register, annum 12 do. quarterly. Do. 9 no. § do. i Do. 3 mo. 6 o, in advance. Do. to the Canton General Price Current per ann. $ 5. Subscribers taking 25 copies of the Price Current will be charged for their Extra numbers 10 cents, other subscribers 15 cents, each number. R. MARxwick & Ce. Secretary HARGES for advertising in the Canton Register and Canton General Price Current. Vessels for freight &c. $5 Advertisement, not exceeding seven lines, each insertion, 1 do. Continued for 3months, 42 THE CANTON REGISTER. ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID, C A N T O N. The American vessel, TARTAR, Sturgis, from Batavia the 23d of January, is the only arrival in the past week. Adverting to the “Jurisdiction of the Admiralty” pub- lished in our ninth number, we now submit to our readers a further illustration of the powers of an Admiralty court. The opinions of the judges, lord Stowell and Sir Christopher Robinson, tend to prove that the powers of the high court of Admiralty in England extend only to engagements founded on sea risks. How far those powers can be legally extended in a foreign country—and particularly;in China—is just now a very important question. February 27th, 1827. The court of Admiralty has an undoubted jurisdiction over bottomry, bonds, which are founded upon sea risks and defeasible by the destruction of the ship in the course of her voyage; but the court—inclining that a bond, absolute and without dependence on the accidents of the voyage, was not subject to its cognizance,—dismissed a suit on such bond; the more willing- ly as questions of mercantile practice were involved more fit to be decided by a reference to merchants. Per CURLAM.If it be said that the ship is the first pledge in this bond, and, therefore, upon that prin- ciple, if it can be so called, the jurisdiction ought to act, I think that is not a principle which will support these bonds. This court, except upon the subject of prize, exercises an original jurisdiction upon the grounds of authorised usage and esta- blished authority. The history of the laws of this country shows full well that such authorised usage and established authority are the only supports to which this court can trust, except in respect to the subject to which I have alluded. There seems to be extreme difficulty in establishing a resident British authority in China that can legally claim jurisdiction over British subjects. In Europe the powers of an embassador and other public functionaries are based not only on the appointment of their own sovereign but also on the fact of having their credentials recognised by the country to which they are sent; and, we apprehend, their duties and powers do not commence until they are duly acknowledged. If this is the fact, it only serves to show how imperative it is on the British nation to establish forth with an acknowledged and equal relation with China; for until that is done no process of British law can be pursued in this country. We see no difficulty in carrying this measure into effect, provided the British government sends a naval force powerful enough to impress the public officers with the utter hopelessness of the success of any resistance. It will be but mercy to the chinese at once to demonstrate the most fixed determination supported by the most commanding force. Por, we presume, that II. M. ministers will no longer neglect the national honor and interests in this empire; nor continue to leave the persons and property of British subjects liable to the caprice of a chinese and a mant choo tatar; the first, the governor of Canton, and the second—who is a domestic slare of the im- perial family—the hoppo or chief commissioner of customs. We Wiator's letter, which will be found in another column. As Viator has not given us his name or address, we cannot coin municate with him; and we have, therefore, taken the liberty to expunge from his letter some of the abusive epithets which he has heaped on the east India company. The court of Admiralty, except upon the subject of prize, exercises an ori- ginal jurisdiction only on the grounds of au- thorized usage and established authority. We have heard that a hostile rencontre occurred a few days back between a boat on the strength of the Nan-hae- heºn's establishment and one belonging to the Healºg-shan- heg. The former of icer had agreed to protect the smugg- lers for a fee of £6 per chest of opium; and had even let out his own boats—which he had built for the purpose—to them. The boats belonging to the Nan-hae's establish- ment are of a certain length, but the boats be had thus hired out were much larger. The question was asked of him by the Heang-shan-hee, whether be had any boats belonging to him larger than the established size, and answered in the had written these remarks when we received negative. The Heang-shan-hee forth with seized two of the Nan-Jae-heen's boats, and they are still in custody. This transaction is illustrative of the public virtue of the officers of the Ta-tsing, or the purest, dynasty. Chinese Newspaper. There is only one gazette in all China; it is published at Peking, and called King-paou (the messenger of the capital;) but neither in it's contents nor form does it resemble the political gazettes of i'arope. The supreme tribunal of the empire, in which the ministers sit, is in the interior of the in perial palace at Peking. Early every day ample extracts of the affairs decided or examined by the emperor the day before are posted up on a board in a court-yard of the palace. Compilations from these extracts compose the an ºils of governme.t; and it is there that one must search for materials for the history of the chinese empire; which is the reason that all the public offices and establishments at P. king are ordered to make copies daily of the extracts which have been considered, and to preserve them in the archives. The provincial officers receive these extracts through their post-messengers, who are stationed in the ca- pital solely for the purpose of conveying them. But in order that the people may obtain some knowledge of the progress of public affairs, the posted extracts are, with the permis- sion of government, printed entire at Peking, without a single word being changed, or a single subject omitted. Such is the Chinese gazette; it contains all the ordinances that have been submitted to the approbation or presented for the examination of the emperor by the six ministers sitting at Peking, and by the several provincial authorities, as well as by the military commanders. Appointments to offices, promotions, sentences, punishments, reports of the diſ' rent branches of the public administration, are, consequently, “he principal matters contained in the gazette. The reports of the imperial officers on particular events are, by this paper, carried to the knowledge of the whole empire. Occasionally also one meets, in the reports of the provincial officers, with very interesting notices of natural phenomena. This gazette may subscribed to for a day, and for any longer time; and the delivery is stopped im- mediately when it is no longer required. The subscription is one tael and an ounce of silver, about ten shilliugs a year. The inhibitants of the metropolis alone enjoy the advantage of receiving the gazette every day at a certain hour; but as posts are not established in China, this pºper is only forwarded to other cities as opportunities occur; which is the cause of it's very late delivery in distant places. Japan. The present dairi (emperor) is the 121st successor of Zin mou; he has reigned since 1817; whilst he is living his name is not known to his subjects. The honorary title of his reign is Boon-zeo (in chinese Wen-ching). He resides at Wieako. — The Koo-bo, or Seogoun is the generalissimo of the empire; he resides at Yedo; in fact it is he who reigns; nevertheless, he affects a kind of dependence on the dairi, who is descended from the ancient japanese dynasty which commenced with Zin-mont, 660 years before our era. The word dairi (in chinese mae-le) strictly means the interior (of the imperial palace)—penetralia. They use it to designate the emperor, since it is not permitted to utter his name during his life time. The same observance holds good with respect to the Seogoun and the heir-ap parent, the first is called Gonſon marou, and the other Ne-soo marou, after the palaces in which they live. Arrival of the Russian mission at Peking. tº ºsº a The Petersburg journal of the 24th March (1831 contains the following article. They communicate to us, it is there said, the following extract from a letter by one of the members of our eccle- sistical mission in China, dated at Peking, the 14th of december, 1830. TETE: GANTON REGISTER. “An agreeable meeting was prepared for us at Tsin-ke, a suburb of the capital of China, where we arrived on the 30th of november; it was there all our kind fellow-country men met us: the physician, assessor of the college, Voitsek- horsky, who has conciliated a general conſidence in Peking, and has even deserved a monument in the court-yard of the hotel of the mission as a grateful remembrance for the cure of an important personage, as well as the students, Leonteusky and Voznessensky, with the members of the ecclesistical mis- sion. They accompanied us as for as the russian cemetery, situated at the very gates of Peking, and where the reverend P. Benjamin received his new flºck; the mission moved along in procession, the ecclesiastics in carriages, and the laity on horseback, preceded by on officer and ten cossacks, all well … ounted. “A crowd of irquisitive persons accompanied us as far as the russian hotel, which is remarkai'e for being ex- tremely well built and for the beautiful simplicity of the architecture. I’eter, the venerable archid-a: "rite, with ali the unembers of the old mission, came to receive us at the gates of the hotel. We hºrried to the church to return thanks to the Almighty ſor our prosperous voyage, and to call down fervently his blessings on our august monarch, and to invoke heaven for the glory and bappiness of our country. We cannot sufficiently praise the peculiar goodwill of the chinese commissi, ners, during the continuance of our journey, as well as the distinguished reception accorded to us at Kalqan F by the mºntehoo tutºr commandant of the troops. We are glad to inform our countrymen of the high consideration in which the russian name is held in the countries distant from China. * 3facao. The new municipal cham'er was installed on the 24th ultimo. In accordance with the decree of the 9th of January 1:34, it consists of five members. The feelings of the citizens are said to have been manifested with great energy; and the editor of the Chronica de l'acao argues, from the exhibition of the popular enthusiasm at the elec- tion of the members—and the vivas for the constitutional charter, the lady D. Maria the second, Don Pedro, duke of Braganga, the deliverer of the monarchy, for the Portuguese nation, and for the governor of Macaw, that the city is deserving of, and fully prepared for, a free constitution. The following gentlemen have been elected members of the new chamber. Joze Paptista de Miranda e Lima, president, Antonio Vicenſe Cortella, procurador fiscal, Joao Damascenas Coelho dos Santos, Joze Vicente Jorge, and Floriano Antonio Itangel. On the use of Tea in China, and the laſts respecting this article of Commerce. (By II. Iºtaproth.) The missionaries have furnished us with some detailed information on the culture and use of tea, but one is astonished to find nothing in their writings that can fix the era when the habit of using this beverage spread itself in China. In ſeed, even the chinese books contain but very little information on this subject. Yet, from many passages of ancient authors, we learn that the use of tea dates from the time of the 'i'sin dynasty, which reigned 235 to 4:9 of the christian era. In a book oa'led Che shoo, one reads that Wang-mitºff, minister of the public works under the Tsin, was very foºd of tea; he gave it those who visited him; and, from this habit, the custom became general. History relates that the emperor Wan-te, in the last part of his reign, towards the year 009, dreamed that a fairy changed his skull. From that time he was continually tormented by head-aches. A budlist priest advised him to search among the mountains for the leaves of the plant ming, and to drink it's infusion. This remedy cured him; and since then tea has been in common. use. It should be here remarked that ming is synonymous with cha, or tea. Cha was formerly called too. The wºrd tea, which is used in Europe, is, doubtless, the malay, Teh, which seems to be derived from the too of the ancient chinese. f The pass through the great wall, called by the chinese Chang-kea-kow. 43 As early as 780, a financial minister proposed to the emperor Te-tung, of the Tang dynasty, to impose a tax of ten per cent upon tea, varnish, and wood. This measure, as it regarded tea, was not adopted until 793, and then only on that which was sold out of the mountains where it grew. Under the reign of Moo-tsung (from 821 to 824) the imperial treasury was almost empty. Wang-po, inspector- general of the salt-pits and Lines, encreased the tax upon tea to fifty per cent. - Under the Sung dynasty, the government of Hoo-nan, charged with the harvest of new tea, proposed to the founder of this dynasty to encrease the price of this article; but Tai-tsoo replied:—“Tea is an excellent thing, which must not be made too dear, in order that the poor may not be oppressed.” Under the reign of Jin-tsung, of the same dynasty (from 1023 to 1063), great manufactories of tea were established. This commodity was then of two kinds: the first was called Peen-cha: it was the leaves dried by fire and then made into a mass like a piece of board; the second kind, called San-cha, was made with leaves dried equally by fire and reduced into a powder. They preserved it in porcelain vessels, like other perfumes. Under the Sung dynasty a person named Leke exported tea from the modern Sze-chuen province into Shen-se, and exchanged it for horses. It was under the Sung that they began to establish, on the bordering provinces of the empire, markets where they offered to the Tibetian colonies tea in exchange for the horses which they brought thither. - Under the Yuen, or Mongol tatar dynasty, they had Mo-cha, or powdered tea, and Ye-cha, or leaf-tea. This dynasty also established markets, where they exchanged tea for horses with the wandering people of the N. E. who, as the histor" adds, have been always very fond of it. Under the Ming dynasty, a similar market was esta- blished in Sze-chuen for the Tibetians, and four others in Shen-se for the Mongols. The way which the reigning Man-tchoo dynasty uses to perfectly understand their duties on the teas is very simple. No body can either sell or buy tea without a government license. This license consists of two permits which the treasury issue to dealers who wish to sell tea, and who have paid the duties. Here follow the contents of these permits. Tea permit, issued by the minister of finance. The minister of finance having received a report from the administration of teas in the district of............ I have carefully examined it, and find that it is in perfect conformity to the imperial decree concerning the teas, and with all local regulations &c. The minister, therefore, has caused this tea-permit to be made, containing the following heads, and which is given to merchants to prove that they are authorised to sell tea. 1. The merchant receives one of these permits for each box or basket of tea, of whatever quality, weighing one pecul. Upon one of these permits is marked the weight; the other, carrying half of the impression of the seal, au'horises the sale of the tea. These tickets are a sufficient guarantee for the merchants, if they have paid the price into the treasury. 2. The merchant who sells tea should possess the necessary tickets (for the purposes of trade). If he omits taking this precaution, his tea will come uuder the class of prohibited goods, and the proprietor incur the same punishment as those who sell contraband salt. (The goods are confiscated, and the offenders amlooed.) 3. When a parcel of tea arrives at a custom-house, the officer should carefully examin the tickets which accompany it. If he finds them accord- ing to rule, he will cut one corner; the tea can then pass, if there are not other un-declared goods packed with it. - If any one secrets tea in a house, and conceals it with an old permit, the master of the house is, as a receiver of stºlen goods, liable to the same punishment as the defrauder. 4. If tea is carried into a city, the mayor should examine the billets; if he finds them good, he will cut one corner, and permit the sale of the merchandise. * 5. He who forges false tea-permits, shall lose his head, and all his prope.ty be forfeited to the state. The informer shall be rewarded with twenty ounces of silver. - 6. If the proprietor of a tea plantation sells to a merchant unprovided with the necessary permits, he shall receive sixty blows, with the great bamboo, and the money which he received for the tea shall be forfeited. Regulations concerning the erchange of tea for horses. Each box or barket of tea should weigh ten catties. For a first rate horse twelve boxes shall be given; for a second rate, nine boxes, and seven for the worst, 44 THE CANTON REGISTER. This barter-trade with foreign nations cannot be carried on except at the prescribed places without the frontier. It is permitted to receive, in exchange from foreigners, the horses which have been presented to them by the chinese government. The tea coming from the plantations placed under the administration of the treasury, should be put into boxes, and equally divided, in the following manner, between the treasury and the merchants. The merchant who buys the tea, carries it to the board of management, which takes half in kind instead of duty, to exchauge for horses; the other is the merchant's, to sell. The military are forbidden to exchange tea for horses. When foreign.crs arrive at the frontier with horses to exchange for tea, they must be recived with kindness and good will. They are to be furnished with a sufficient quantity of fermcnted liquors and tobacco, at the expense of government. In the places of the province of Yun-man appointed for the exchange of tea and horses, three per cent only is to be levied on this trade. The Foo-yuen is expected to make every year a detailed report on the pro- gress of this commerce, and to send a list of merchants engaged therein. The use of tea was introduced into Thibet since the beginning of the 9th century. At that time, Chang went as embassador to the country. The Tibetians, seeing tea prepared in his tent, asked him what it was. He replied:—“It is a drink which dissipates sorrow and quenches thirst.”—The Tibetians desired to have some; he ordered tea to be served to them, inform- ing them of the difference between that of Choo-tseaſou and that of King-min. According to the annals of Corea, the introduction of tea into that country dates from the year 828. At that period an embassador of the king Sin-lo brought some small shoots of the shrub from China, which the king ordered to be planted on the mountain Che-e-shan. Tea was known in Japan in 810, under the reign of the dairi Sage-'em-o, but the introduction of the shrub which produces it did not take place until 815. Two budhist religionists, Mio-sio-nin and Ye-sio-min, from the Toga- no-o monastery, repaired to China, and from thence took some suckers, which they planted on that mountain. Siuce then the use of tea has been general in Japan. - To the Editor of the Canton Register. Sir, I have read your remarks on my letter of the 9th, inserted in your last, which to me appear to accord with my own view as to the judicial power of one nation within the territories of another. There is no doubt but that a formal renunciation by the one power in favor of the other, in reference to the subjects of the latter, will give the requisite right; but it must beborne in mind that the power is, in this case, derived from the nation in which the offender may have song.ht that refuge which is denied him here, and that he is, in fact, “given up" by it to his own. We know that this, in criminal cases, is reciprocated by many of the civilized nations of the world; but how can we look for the same in this?—In China no such feeling exists. If it's subjects choose to go to other countries they may be dealt with in any way that it may please the government under which they place themselves. Are they plundered?—China does not complain. Are they sacrificed?—The celestial empire makes no reprisals; sends no embassador; claims no satisfac- tion. In like manne: does China expect that those who voluntarily resort to this country, should conform to it's customs, and be obedient to it's laws. If villainy should be detected, or gross injustice call forth complaint, we are told that the great emperor cherishes compassion and benevolence towards distant foreigners, whom he, doubtless, considers as much cast of by their own sovereign as are his subjects in a foreign land. Is the foreigner not satisfied?—Does the barbarian iterate his complaint?—Then he is a dunning, whining miscreant, and the hong merchants, linguists, compradores, his hong-coolies, gate-keepers, &c. receive orders to instruct him. Let us sup- pose that the foreigner (an Englishman) betakes himself in his sorrow to the representatives of his country; that country whose boast it has been that it's subjects should be protected in every part of the world. In answer to his application he would, in all probability, receive a few civil words of condo- lence, expressive of the regret of the representatives of Great Britain that it was, for the time, out of their power to interfere. And this would be all.— For the time!—Aye ‘for the time”!—But, as Talleyrand said, “When will this long act have an end”?—Will the chinese ever, grant to barbarians the right to legislate according to barbarian customs in this central, flowery land?—Or witl Great Britain ever so far emerge from the darkness that enshrouds this question as to insist on some understood and just system, replacing the present uncertain and humiliating one?—How soon may not the fºragedy of Terranova, or the gunner of the “Lady Hughes", be again called or?—And if the call were made, in consequence of some accidental or justifiable homicide, who should gainsay it?—“Who has the power"?—Think of this all ye who are so loud in your cries for submission to the fiat of the emperor of China, or, in his stead, the governor of Canton, the hoppo, or the hong-merchants; for not even the last, little as they are considered by their own people, but are powerful enough to injure, to oppress, or to slaughter the haughtiest foreigner within their reach. I hear some say that they would not dare to do it. Not dure! Have they not done it? And done it unchallenged and unpunished?–Did Great Britain step forward to revenge the foul deliberate murder of the gunner of the “Lady Hughes,” or did the United States, in more recent times, deem the slaughter of one of her seamen deserving of any notice?–Not in the least; the supply of tea was at stake, and in the balance with this, justice, national honor, pity, and that protection which every subject justly claims as his right at the hands of his country, were as naught. It is true that, in our case at least, the insuperable bar of “the honorable E. I. company" stood in the way of all manly and dignified interference; but what defence has America?—Young, vigorous, and untrammelled, she might and ought to have set an example to the world which her elder but fettered sister had shrunk from, that tea, however great the luxury, may be purchased at too high a rate, the blood of her subjects, and, as a consequence, her own honor. Has this supineness no effect on the chinese?—Is it unnoted or forgotten by them?—Can any one imagine that their conduct towards lord Napier was not the more readily adopted and resolutely acted upon that they felt confident that no vengeance would overtake them?—Had the previously experienced faint-heartedness of foreigners no influence in their treatment of his lordship?—And is it not yet with them a doubt whether it will be avenged?—With them?—Is it not a doubt with ourselres?—And what more forcible argument can we seek for them than this very doubt? Hence, then, it appears that on neither side can we look for protection. In matters of arbitration, perhaps, the services of H. M. superintendents may be available; but these are not services for which the British nation will be willing to pay £35,000 per anuum. For this no secretaries, or chaplains, or assistants, of all descriptions out of number, can be required; nor would many commercial men be anxious to submit their cases for decision to people whose previous habits, did not fit them to grapple with the subjects on which differences of opinion might arise. I now come to the point at which I wish to arrive. Of what use then is the establishment, expensive as it is, now kept up at Macao?—I will answer— of none!—Nay more—worse than this, it is a positive injury to our cause A shade, the shadow of a shade—the remnant of the E. I. company, a name which no englishman should hear repeated in China without disgust; for to this company it is that we are indebted for our late humiliation, and the death of the first representative of England to China. The Chinese saw him mixed up with the servants of a tea company—they now see him succeeded by the junior servants of that company in rotation—what can they think?—They see some other servants of that com- pany still wielding the great lower of the means of India, which pass through their hands they; monopolize the tea trade, or, at least, control it in a great degree, and at a future time may monopolize it, if yet allowed to go en. What, I repeat can the chinese think?. They do think that the company is still paramonut though in abeyance, and that the whole of the late pro- ceedings here were a trick to terrify then into better terms. In what I say, Mr. Editor, I mean no disrespect towards any individual; but you must know that what I now say is the truth, and as such it is your duty to make it known; for whence can the people of England be made acquainted with the actual state of things in this country but through the press? Let the company, as they should do, pension of every member of their establishment here, as I am glad to see they have been compelled to do those of the maritime service; and this being atchieved, let us begin de novo; for, depend on it, so long as any of the old leaven remains so long should we be thwarted and foiled. Let us have new men and new measures, independence, vigor, and regard to national interests alone;—back these with a respectable force—- demand but what is just between nation and nation; be reasonable but be determined and firm; and depend on it, that the subjects of Great Britain would not long remain as now, in this country, despised and unprotected; nor would one of the most powerful nations of the world have to bend the knee to the most arrogaut as the most powerless. WIAtoR. Canton, March 14th 1835. - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ----- METEOROLOGICAL DIARY FOR FEBRUARY, The RM. B.A.R. - e-A- night. noon. w INDS. Ol 51 65 30:25 N a SE. fine weather, light breeze. 32 53 65 30:20 SE. do.————do. J 3 54 65 30:20 SE.———do.————do. § 4 56 66 30:20 SE.--—do. --——do. Yſ 5 55 63 30:25 E. do. mod. breeze. * 6 55 69 30:25 S a SE.--do. light breeze. P 7 55 69 30:25 S a SE. —do. —do. —do. OS 57 69 30:25 S a SE.--do.——do. —do. © 9 57 69 30:25 S a SE.--do. at times a mod. breeze. 1 10 56 69 30:20 S a SE.--do.--—do. light breeze. § 1 I 60 7.0 30:10 S a SE.--do.———do.——do. 2ſ 12 60 7.0 30:00 E a SE.—do. do.——do. * 13 60 70 30:00 SE.—do.— ——do. —do. 5 14 61 72 30:10 SEax.E.first part lt. br. mid.& latter fresh br. O 15 54 60 30:20 N a NE. cloudy throughout, mod. breeze. © IG 59 6S 30:10 E a SE.—do.—— light breeze. & 17 62 74 30:10 SE. ——do. most part, light breeze. ; 18 62 75 30:05 SE a NW. fine weather, light variable breeze. Yſ 19 60 70 30:10 SE. most part cloudy, mod breeze. £ 20 59 70 30:10 N. a NE. fine weather, mod. breeze. H 21 61 66 30:10 E. cloudy throughout, mod. breeze. O22 64 70 30:10 E a SE. ——do.——light breeze. Q 23 64 74 30:10 SE. cloudy with light rain at times, lat.fr. br. J 24 65 75 30:10 SE. fine weather, mod breeze. ; 25 64 74 30:10 SE. cloudy throughout do. 2ſ 26 6S 74 29.90 SE—do —with light rain—do. * 27 63 75 20:90 SEax.clay.lt.rn. 1st&mid.fr.br.lat.lightg&rn. * 28 52 55 30:15 N.E. most part rain, fresh breeze. Married, at the British chapel in Macao, on the 5th instant, by the reverend George H. Vachell, Henry P. Sturgis, of Manila, to Miss Mary Georgiana Howard, of Calcutta. The - - - (DASILNDS! Bººts, NBR, “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. WOL. 8. NOTICE. TUEsday, MARCH 24TH, 1835. No.12.% ºs.; == before they attained their present high offices; such as the HE Author of the “Historical Sketch of the Portuguese Settlements,” &c. in China, begs leave to inform the gentlemen who may honor him with their subscriptions, that the price of the book (consisting of from 370 to 400 pages, in full size Octavo) will be two dollars, payable on delivery. The editor of the Canton Register will be so good as to receive the sub- scription list at the end of this year, and to distribute the work when completed. The subscribers will be informed, in the Canton Register and the Chronica de Macao, when the book is ready for delivery: ANDREW LJUNGSTEDT. (Advertisements, see Price Current.) ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N TO N. The BoM.BAY CAstle, (Brit.) Wemyss, from Calcutta, and the (Am.) vessels HoRAtio. Howland, from Batavia, and LoNiro N, Brace, from New York and Sourabaya, are the arrivals of the week. We happy to inform our readers that four chinese, who have been confined inside the city for the last four or five months, were released on saturday last. Two of these men are very respectable shop-keepers, and two are, we believe, clerks to hong-merchants. We have been informed that money has been extorted from them under the pretext of their un-licensed dealings with foreigners, but to what amount we know not. The local government will soon find it impossible to con- duct the foreign trade through official merchants only. And the amount of duties will decrease so rapidly that new and liberal regulations must soon be enacted in order to protect the revenue and to preserve the whole of the chinese trading community of Canton from entangling themselves in the net of the law: so certain is it that, even- tually, unjust and impolitic laws frustrate their own ends, and become a mere dead letter, a satire on government, and the disgrace of rulers. We request attention to the proposition of Utilitas— which will be found in another column; and we beg to inform him that we would not only vote for it, but double the sum that we subscribed for the erection of a monument to the lamented lord Napier, as our mite towards a mode of com- memoration that will retain his memory in the mind of every succeeding generation by conferring a tangible and instant benefit; whilst, at the same time, the recollection of his devoted life will be combined with one of the best feelings of the human heart—gratitude. We publish a translation of a wordy edict issued from the hoppo's office. All foreign ships, including the country ships of India, are to be now secured with the same securities as were formerly those belonging to the E. I. company. The fetters and manacles for the barbarians are to be forged stronger and heavier, and the restrictions on their commerce are to be drawn closer and multiplied. | Such absurd decrees and ridiculous restraints are satisfactory proofs that the officers of government are utterly and disgracefully ignorant of the foreigners who live under their protection, and of the foreign trade—by ex- tortions from which they live themselves. It is quite im- possible to conceive that such folly can really have a place governor, the foo-yuen, the judge, treasurer, &c. They hold it to be beneath their official dignity to have any com- munication with the foreign merchants, and they will receive information concerning them and their affairs only through one channel, namely; the hong-merchants. It is these men, then, who have defamed the characters of foreigners to the local officers, vilified their motives of action, scandalized their morals, and, at the same time, have concealed the power of their different nations to avenge the contumely and wrongs they have so long suffered. Truly, when, by some means or other, the chinese government becomes better informed on all these points it will not be slow to punish the slanderers of foreigners and the deceivers of their own emperor and his officers: one of the greatest of chinese social and political crimes. MANTCHOO CONQUEST OF CHINA. [ Continued from No. 9, Page 35. J The Tatar chief, Teen-tsung, who afterwards changed the name of his reign into Tsung-tih, had been educated in chinese learning, and endeavoured to gain the hearts of his new subjects by accomodating himself to their customs, In this the Mantchoos were considerably the gainers, for they possessed neither arts nor sciences, nor any fixed rules of government. * * ~ * * he slumbering spirit of the chinese troops had, finally, been roused. The panic, at first infused by the rapid victories of the mantchoos, was followed by a jºi carnage of the ſoltroons who had fled in consternation, and were pursued by the tatar swift horse. A nºble lady, from Sze-chuen, headed a brave band of native soldiers, to inspire the cowardly chinese generals with courage. Such an example was not entirely lost upon Maou-wan-lung, a chinese general, stationed at the Ya-luh-keang, in the rear of the tatars. He had, however, nearly fallen a victim to some traitorous Coreans, who induced the mantchoos to imitate their dress, and thus to surprise the chinese troops: a stratagem that almost hurled the chinese army into ruin. The field of battle was now suddenly transferred to Corea; the mantchoos, having approached the capital, were sure of victory, when general Maou approached their rear with a numerous army. Such a sudden diversion brought on a bloody battle, in which, we are gravely told, the chinese, corean and mantchoo armies nearly annihilated each other. After all these disasters, the king of Corea succeeded in driving the mantchoos out of his dominions into Leaou-tung; and Tsung-ching, the reigning chinese emperor, offered, in the most humble terms, a treaty of peace to the undaunted mantchoos. E-wan, one of the commissioners chosen for this pur- pose, is said to have sold his imperial master by subscribing the most ignominious conditions. When the treaty of peace was to be ratified at Peking, the whole imperial cabinet flew into a rage, and determined to humble the overbearing conquerors. E-wan, however, being ex- asperated at the breach of trust, insisted that the mantchoos should dictate the peace at the gates of Peking. Daring as the proposal was the tatars gladly accepted it, and penetra- ted, in 1630, to the residence of heaven's son. Tsung-ching, though impotent, for the country was desolated by robbers , and rebels, was a man, and determined to resist to the last, The traitor, E-wan, met his doom, and the tatars, instead in the minds of men who must have given proofs of ability l of trying the emperor's constancy, betook themselves to 46 THE CANTON REGISTER. Tlunder, and advanced to the frontiers of Shantung. Loaded with the spoils of the industrious peasant, they returned to Leaoutung. . Here they might have lived and died in obli: vion, if the chinese army stationed on the frontiers had not neglected it's duty. The state of the finances threatened the dissolution of the empire. The unpaid soldiers began to mutiny, and to plunder the peaceful inhabitants. Several meritorious officers who had been unsuccessful in their campaign against the tatars, were summoned to court to be executed for their ill-success. Reduced to Jespair, they willingly listened to the proposals of the Manteboo prince, to taken refuge in his dominions. He kept his word, and remunerated the deserters so as to dazzle the eyes of the loyal soldiers. Yet the entire conquest of China would still have been impracticable, if other events had not co-operated in hastening the downfall of the Ming dynasty. (To be continued.) Summary of the 9th section of the Wan-heen tung- kaou, 3. jºr § % of Ma-turan-lin, on the examina- tion and employment of government officers.—In the choice which the ancients made of men for different employments they had most regard for virtue; dexterity and talents held but the second place. Yaou and Shun desired that the candidates should be examined on the nine cardinal virtues. The Chow dynasty enquired as to the virtues of those it employed; as for talents —they were than held in little esteem. The right of choosing and of presenting proper persons for public employments was reserved to the governors of towns and provinces; it was afterwards, under the Wei and Tsin dynasties, confided to the directing tribu- nal of the nine classes of officers. But both one and the other began by enquiring as to the esteem which the proposed candidate enjoyed in his birth-place: after having obtained favorable reports, they examined him on his - qualifica- tion for the post he was ambitious of ; this exami- nation being finished, he was presented at court, and it was thus that he was enabled to rise to the first offices in the state. Although this method was inferior to that of the ancients, who examined the virtue of the candidate, it at least served to find out meritorious people. Under the Suy dynasty it was no longer the same thing: all the preſeutures of the cities and provinces were given by the tribunal called Tseuen (or the measure), and dignities were not bestowed except by the Ko moo (or the model inspection). Now, since one tribunal was charged with filling the prefectures, and the examination was confined to a fixed model, two things have happened: the one is, that the lowest clerks, overseers of the verification of the tsih (or attestations of those sent up), possess the power of exalting or debasing the deserts of the candidates; the other disadvantage is that the choice of the learned is subject to a certain form, and this form having only for its objects exercises in verse and prose, the way to dignities is opened to the slender talent of com. position, Induction into public offices being then no longer accorded but by an examination of weak capacities, occupi- ed in pursuits the utility of which is very doubtful, such as eloquence and versification, mere clerks, whose duties should be confined to the examination of a register or such- like business, find themselves, by this arrangement, supreme judges of the candidates who wish to enter the public service. Consequently, the , principal end of the ex- aminations, to discover real talent and ability, is lost. Nevertheless, the two disadvantages which I have just noticed have been the established regulations for many centuries, and it is no longer possible to change them; for if they were changed there would be no longer any fixed method in the examinations, and it would become still more difficult to impede ambitious men. - - - It must also be considered that the ancients chose civil officers only for immediate employ. Under the three first dvnasties the laws were but few in number, but they sufficed to give a certain knowledge of the worth ofthe objects. Praise and blame were founded upon justice, the sage and the unwise were easily distinguished; for these reasons all those who were then introduced were generally admitted to dig- nities: that was not done by two methods. But in the latter ages.falsehood has eucreased from day to day; laws are multiplied, and the examinations are become a trade to get forward. The tribunal of appointments has become thatófin. ployments, and both roads are equally embarrassed. Under the Tang dynasty the examination of the learned was com. mitted to the board of rites and ceremonies, and the admis- sion to the board of appointments. It was then seen that these two boards, without concerning themselves about each other, changed the regulations every month and even every day; so that people presented by the board of rites were not admitted to employments and those who had not passed were employed. It is seen, then, that the road to learning and office is no longer straight and clear; and it is this circumstance that has caused me to divide this section into two parts, when it ought to have been in one only; in the first I shall treat of what belongs to the examination of the learned; in the second I shall speak of the charges: the whole will be in twelve books. The Fair of Nijni-Novgorod,Nº. a russian paper. It is known that the fair of Nijni. ovgorod, a city situated at the confluence of the Oka and the Volga, is the great mart for the merchandise of northern Asia, and for those goods which the russians buy from the chinese at Kiakhta. The fair only rally commenced in the first half of august. (1832) In spite of the slackness that was apparent in many pursuits, in consequence of the tardy arrival of the tea-caravans &c., from the mountains of Caucasus, yet a gºat many goods were successfully sold, and in general with some comparative advantage over the prices of last year. - The caravans of tea had been stopped, they say, on the Volga, by contrary winds. The arrival at the fair of the teas, of the goods of Georgia, Arnuenia, and of the "arºvan from Buckaria gave un grand mouvement to trade; but it is to be remarked that, for some years past, the opening of the fair has become later and later for before it was removed to Nijni-Novgorod, it was always over by the 6th of august, the festival of St. Macarius; this year the fair had not even began at that date. The sale of metals commenced immediately, and was Very soon, over. The following quantities had been brought: about 2 millions of russian pouds of iron, 13,000 of copper and more than 90,000 of cast metal. The iron was sold from 30 to 60 kopecks dearer than in the former year, and they have managed to sell not only all the iron brought this year, but all that provided last year, which was warehoused. The demand for iron was so great that it is probable double the quantity brought might have been sold. Metals were sold to the amount of from 9 a 10 millions of roubles, and with such rapidity that all the transactions were concluded in two or three days. A single caravan, belonging to the countess Polier, arrived a little too late, because it had not been despatched in time from Perm. The teas, which were unloaded the 14th of august, were, for the most part, sold the next day. The prices with twelve-month's credit being, for those of the best quality, 525 roubles paper ; the others from 450 to 300 roubles, and the brick-tea 140 to 150 roubles. It is said that these are advantageous prices for the Kiakhta mer. chants, because they have latterly had a very good barter for teas, and also that the water-carriage is 15 roubles per chest cheaper this year than the last. . The whole quantity of tea brought to the fair may be estimated at 28,000 chests of Peko (Baikovoi), and 3.000 chests of brick-tea. The goods brought from Teflis and Astrakhan were sold as follows: red cotton yarn 130 to 140 silver roubles per poud, and there were more than 6000 pouds;—fox- skins 6 silver roubles a pair; marten-skins 6 roubles 60 kopecks each. About 55,000 fox, 12,000 marten, and 10,000 hare-skins were in the market; 80 bales of silk from Chamakhi; 25 bales from Kauba; the quantites of other goods were inconsiderable. . The quantity of cotton-cloths brought to the fair appear THE CANTON REGISTER. to have exceeded the demand; nevertheless, they brought fair prices. About 40,000 pieces of Nankin were sold, but little demand existed for other chinese cotton goods. The winter caravan from Petropavlovsk and a part of that from Troitsk appear to be of still less importance. Until now only two parcels of shawls have been brought. Undressed leather sold successfully and at high prices. The prices of siberian furs were favorable. Abount 3,500 barrels of sugar were in the fair, but it was sold at moderate prices: the best refined sugar from 40 to 50 silver roubles. The quantity of potash was about 300,000 pouds. The russian silk-stuffs and ginghams sold extremely well; the cossacks bought great quantities. The goldsmith's trade was but dull, and fashionable articles in little demand. There were about 15 000 pieces of russian manufactured woollen cloth, 10,000 pieces of Maslovo and Meseritz, and 1,500 pieces of polish cloth, of all qualities; sales were 15 per cent in advance of those of last year, and the &loths selling from 4 to 6 roubles were most in demand. The fine cloths were sold at the same prices. Until the 20th of august, 2031 shops and 1516 stalls were occupied, for the sum of 400,058 roubles; compared with the passed year, there was an increase of 33 shops and 77 stalls, the rent of which was 4761 roubles. In general, it was a larger fair than last year's. . The most perfect order and the utmost tranquillity constantly reigned. The sale of wines, brandy, and strong liquors brought to the fair approximated to 2,810,000 roubles, namely wines and foreign spirits 260,000 roubles, the same, from Taganrog, 350,000, the same from the cossacks, of little Russia, 300,000 roubles, the same from Kizliar, Mozdok, Astrakhan, and corn-brandy, 1,900,000 roubles. The prices of these liquors have in general experienced an advance of from 10 to 20 per cent on the sales of the preceding year. The goverment of Nijni-Novgorod sent to the fair 25,000 pouds weight of cables, at a valuation of 150,000 roubles. The price of this article has ſallen from 5 to 10 per cent. In the demands for iron that for bars was the most active, which have advanced 15 percent on the prices of the last year, whilst plate and other iron have fallen from 5 to 10 per cent... It is thought that the advance ou bar-iron arises from half the quantity having been brought than in 1831, whilst there is a superabundance of the latter articles in the market. Hats and felt shoes and boots were brought to the amount of 520,000 roubles, and their prices were from 5 to 10 per cent higher than in the last year. There were purchased for the consumption of St. Petersburg 171,300 pouds of potash, and 57,000 pouds for different manufacturers. The price of this article varied from 4 roubles 60 kopecks to 5 roubles 50 kopecks, ac- cording to the quality. English cottomlyarn was sold from 77 to 100 roubles per poud of the numbers 20 to 46, of which 25,000 pouds were bought; of the same red, 3000 pouds sold from 177 to 235 roubles per poud. The mer- chants of Kiakhta have this year given the preference to english cotton-velvets dyed at St. Petersburg, over those from Riga. The narrow russian cotton velvets (velveteens) were all bought up for Kiakhta and for the consumption of the interior, at prices from 20 per cent higher than those of last year. The dealers in furs were very well satisfied with their sales. The fair was closed on the 6th of september with the usual religious ceremony, on which occasion the principal russian merchants of Nijni-Novgorod gave a great banquet. Dear Mr. Editor, The age of monuments being in full force here, I cannot do a better turn to society than to try--through your columns—to direct the stream of public opinion to some useful end. The grand “Wilberforce” meeting at York was the first time, in the energetic language of Henry Brougham, when the eyes of the public were opened to the non-utility—nay, even the non-durability—of bronze or marble to perpetuate worth, in comparison with the real good done to society; or, in other words, to make the object of veneration immortal, not by presenting to view a doubtful likeness of his decayed body, but by carrying | 47 into futurity the true deeds of the MIND of the object of regard: thus, as it were, entaiſing on worthy heirs the brilliant and beneficent deeds of the mind, which never does decay, in opposition to that body which, devoid of a tenant, is a mere worthless piece of clay. Apply this amongst us. If the memory of the author of the first Anglo- Chinese dictionary is to be preserved to his countrymen and the people of this land, where he passed his life and where he now lies in the grave, it will surely not be by a piece of bronze. And would it not be a far more affecting and useful way of cherishing the memory of the descendant of Mer- chiston, by instituting a chinese scholarship—either in China or at Malacca, through which means, morals, religion, and science may be disseminated in this empire—than by erecting a colossal statue bestriding the “Tiger's gate?"' The one is use, however small, the other is mere vanity, however great. To show that other parts of the world are opening their eyes to this mode of preserving the remembrance of the dead, I beg you will insert the annexed extract from the Bombay Durpun; and if this letter and that quotation induces any one man to vote for a scholarship or a school, in opposition to empty bronze or “a tinkling cymbal,” my object is gained. Utilitas. Macao, 20th March, 1835. Extract. While the European gentlemen are preparing to give a ball and supper we call our countrymen to show their sense of Mr. Newnham's character and conduct in a way more worthy of his merits, and calculated to preserve the memory of his name amongst us and our children: this cannot be better effect. ed than by establishing a scholarship similar to the one in honor of Chief Justice West—for which purpose subscriptions should be set on foot im- mediately. We doubt not that the European portion of the community will cordially unite with the natives in founding such an institution.—Durpun Oct. 24. - Edict issued from the hoppo's office. Pang, by imperial commission, acting chief commissioner of customs at the port of Canton, raised ten steps, again raised one step, and enrolled ten times, commands the hong-merchants and the others to make themselves fully acquainted herewith. The governor has transmitted a document, saying, “I, the governor, on the 28th day of the 1st moon of the 15th year of Taoukwang, united with you, the hoppo, and Te, the fooyuen, and respectfully reported to the emperor preventive regulations respecting the trade of foreigners; and the vermillion reply was received, ordering the governors of Chih-le, Fuh-keen, and Che- keang, and the foo-yuens of Keang-soo Fuh-keen, and Che-keang, to respectful- ly unite and consult together, and direct their subordinate civil and military officers to strictly enjoin the laws. Hereafter, when the foreign merchant vessels come to trade at Canton, when they enter the port, the hoppo is to be solicited to stamp with his seal and carefully write out a list of the goods, and not to allow clandestime purchases. Moreover, at every river's mouth if there are any foreign ships returning with foreign goods without the hoppo's seal—they are then to be considered as smuggled goods, and, according to law, examine and decide. Order the Tung-che of Macao immediately to strictly enjoin the pilots, compradors &c. respectfully to obey the orders. Hereafter, it is absolutely necessary, in accordance with the commands, to establish pre- ventive regulations, that the pilots in bringing in foreign ships may not form secret connections; for if the foreign vessels oppose the laws both in coming and going, and the foreigners secret themselves in small boats, and remain loitering about the villages on the sea--"ore, the pilots must be seized, ex- amined and severely punished; if there is dealing in prohibited goods and remissness in levying the duties, and the compradors neglect to report the same to the hoppo, forthwith, with severity, inflict punishment for the crime; decidedly, there must not be any indulgence. Moreover, communicate with the treasurer of Canton to consult with the criminal judge and to report to the emperor on the management of affairs; and immediately send civil and military officers to the coasts to obey and manage.—Further, officially enjoin on the hong merchants, linguists, and the others to circulate the orders amongst the foreign merchants of every nation, that they all may obey accordingly, without delay. And let reports be forwarded on all subjects. Do not oppose. Aspecial edict. The contents of another paper annexed are as follows, respecting the report on the preventive regulations concerning the trade of foreigners. Regulations as to the trade of foreigners were reported in the 25th year of Keen-lung (about 1750) and afterwards in 14th year of Kea-king and the 11th year of Taou-kwang, by the former governors, fooyuens and officers; and since, regulations have been consulted on, reported, approved, and obeyed.— But now, reports have become a mere matter of form, and gradually a low course of conduct has been followed by the civil and military offieers. In the past year the English company was broken up, the merchants of the said nation are now trading on their own account, and there is no chief manager, although orders have been already given to the said foreign mer- chants to send a letter to their country that a taepan may be appointed as formerly to Canton to direct affairs. And now the trade of the foreigners is in confusion, and business is without a general comptroller. Certainly, regulations must be issued every-where that every-body may obey them. But the affairs of the present time are different from the affairs of former times; the English barbarian company is already broken up, and circum- stances now with what were formerly are not the same. Although the former regulations have been clearly explained—and instructions as to the debts due to foreigners, issued--still it is necessary to consult and devise and to add to the regulations. Already, I and the others have united with the two sze officers—(the treasurer and the judge) and have consulted about and planned strict regulatiºus to prevent excesses and the growth of local native traitors, by watching their motions and severely punishing their crimes. The pre- ventive regulations are advantageous and should be followed in sincerity; the hong m.euchants are strictly enjoined to be just and equitable in their deal- ings, and each have regard to his respectability—and to order all the foreigners to be imbued with the fragrant dew of imperial favor, and all to yield a trembling obedience and cherish a reverential awe; to look up to the high emperor, and tranquillize and subdue the barbarians from afar, and sincerely guard the seas with perfect intention and diligent union.—The whole of the consultations on eight regulations have been respectfully reported, and the imperial instructions have been humbly requested, Taou-kwang, 15th year, first moon, We have diligently consulted respecting the preventive regulations con- cerning barbarians, and have added the eight following. 1. The men of war convoying the goods of foreigners are not [allowed THE pastºpsi usandstºniº, “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. VOILs. 8. TUESDAy, TTARCH 31TH, 1835. No. 13.}ºis? NOTICE. HE Author of the “Historical Sketch of the Portuguese Settlements,” &c. in China, begs leave to inform the gentlemen who may honor him with their subscriptions, that the price of the book (consisting of from 370 to 400 pages, in full size Octavo) will be two dollars, payable on delivery. The editor of the Canton Register will be so good as to receive the sub- scription list at the end of this year, and to distribute the work when completed. The subscribers will be informed, in the Canton Register and the Chronica de Macao, when the book is ready for delivery. ANDREW LJUNGSTEDT. (Advertisements, see Price Current.) ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N T O N. The Lowjer FAMILY, Johnson, from Bombay, and the MARMARA, Pearce, from Manila, are the only vessels reported. Intelligence received, we believe by the latter vessel, has ended the anxiety which had begun to manifest itself for the fate of the SY Lph, Wallace. We have been informed she ran ashore on the coral reef off the N. E. point of the island of Bintang, at 7 o'clock P.M. on the 30th of January, the day she sailed from Singapore. The company's cruizer clive was despatched to her assistance the next day, followed by some other vessels. She is reported to be about a mile in upon the reef, and from appearances there is not much hope of saving her. Arrangements were being made for taking out the opium— of which there were on board the Sylph 1176 chests: but the surf was dangerous. On the 2nd of february other boats with experienced men on board left Singapore to go to her assistance. None of the crew were lost. A translation—which we have received from a friend— of the address of the new governor of the Philipines to the people under his government will be found in another column. The sentiments—so encouraging to religion and moral- ity and to the freedom of commerce—which H. E. has thus fully and frankly expressed, are consonant to his former career, and equally honorable to the Spanish government and to himself. As a proof of the sincere intentions of H. E. to improve the moral and social condition of the inhabitants of the Philipines, we are happy to inform our readers that the Press will be brought to the aid of public instruction, and that a newspaper will soon be published at Manila. Pwan-wan-hae (Punhoygua), one of the hong mer- chants who have not paid up the duties to government, and who, in consequence, had been detained in the city, was released a few days ago, having made an arrangement with the hoppo. He owes upwards of thirty thousand taels to government, and he has requested to be allowed to pay twenty thousand, and to owe ten thousand, which he is to pay off on an early day. The government seal has been removed, and the hong again opened. This hong merchant was formerly King-ching, or head clerk, in the hoppo-office. At 2 o'clock, on the 25th instant, the hoppo issued a Fung (une lettre de cachet) to the Nan-hae and Pucan- yu Heen magistrates, and directed them to go out of the - - city and Fung—or seal up—Wan-yuen ( Fatqua's J hong- It is said the hong owes upwards of Taels 200,000 to government for arrears of duties. The two instances of chinese domestic crimes, reported in to-day's Register, are submitted to our readers because they are illustrations both of the power of a governor's veto and of the weakness of the local government when it has to deal with a rich individual. - The penal code, section 284.—Parricide. directs that— “Any woman convicted of a design to kill her husband, husband's father or mother, grand-father or grand-mother, shall, whether a blow is, or is not struck in consequence, suffer death by being beheaded. In punishing this criminal design, no distinction shall be made between principals and accessaries, except as far as regards their respective rela- tionships to the person against whose life the design is entertained. If the murder is committed, all the parties concerned therein, and related to the deceased as above-men- tioned, shall suffer death by a slow and painful execution.” This law is applicable to the women in each of the twe CaSeS. In book 8. section 366. The penal code directs that— “Deliberate intrigue with a married or unmarried woman shall be punished with 100 blows. Violation of a married or unmarried woman; that is to say, a rape, shall be punish- ed with death by strangulation.” And section 368-directs that—“A criminal intercourse with the wife of a son or grandson, shall be punished with death, by being beheaded immediately on conviction.” These i. apply to the men, separately, in the two Cases. Further, section 369, on—Accusing an elder rela- tion of adultery—directs—“When a wife falsely accuses her father-in-law or her elder brother-in-law, of having obliged her to consent to an incestuous intercourse, she shall suffer death by being beheaded.” In the first case it will be seen that in China compassion and mercy sometimes temper law and justice, when proper subjects for the imperial clemency—or for the exercise of the discretionary power of governors of provinces—are produced. In the second case, the power of riches to ensure protection—for a time, at least—to crime in China, is also exemplified; whether they are used as bribes to seduce the government officers from their duty, or in retaining a large number of dependants, who can defy the local police force. From the profound secrecy of chinese domestic life we should think it difficult at all times to arrive at truth in affairs occurring under the family roof; or, without some palpabie fact as a ground of deduction, to distinguish between true and false accusations. Torture can elicit evidence, but not truth; and even truth itself, when divulged under torture, should not be evidence; for can the utterer be so perfectly master of his own heart and reason as to distinguish and to tell, when under the , thumb-screws or rack, the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth?–It required a considerable degree of moral courage in the chinese attorney to petition against a sentence passed by the board of punishments; and his success is another proof of the truth of the maxim:-Aide- toi et ciel tº aidera. In the Heen Po-lo of the Foo Hwuy-chow in the Pro- vince of Canton, lived a man who had passed his fiftieth 50 THE CANTON REGISTER. year. Both the father and son were literary graduates (Sew-tsae). The son married a wiſe who was “beautiful exceedingly.” From the time she entered the house this old man was daily lusting to know his daughter in law; but she was resolutely chaste, and he tried again and a third time without success. By and by this old fellow seduced one of his daughter in law's slave girls, and he tried to make her a go-between: but how ignorant was he of the rigid chastity of his daughter in law!—He could never induce her to submit. In the middle of the 8th moon of last year his son came to the provincial city to attend at the examina- tions; and on the same evening his daughter in law also went to visit in the neigbourhood. The father in law's heart immediately conceived evil thoughts, and he concealed himself behind his daughter in law's bed. She returned, entered her chamber, undressed herself, blew out the light, went to bed and fell asleep. The father in law then got into bed and wrapped his arms round her, entreating her to consent; she saw the difficult dilemma, and that she could not release her person. It happened that on the bed was a pair of scissars. The daughter in law—her mind being agitated—urged —scarce knowing what she was doing– manum extendit, forſicem corripuit, socero penein abscidit, who immediately died. The daughter in law was afterwards brought before the magistrates, and her crime investigated and reported to the emperor, who ordered the board of punishments to put the laws in execution, and be- head her. Afterwards, an extremely good attorney drew up a petition for her, and presented it to the great men.— The petition explained—that the daughter in law, having killed her father in law, should suſſer capitally; but, in this instance, this married woman was very young, and that she was an only child; further, that it was in the deep, dark night when she was embraced by her father in law, about to violate her. This was a time and an extremity that defied all laws; moreover, there was no way of deliverance open to her, and she could not but seize the scissars as a means of safety. Who would have thought that the father in law would not have desisted after his repeated attempts. Her mind was in the extremity of hurried and afflicting distress, and if she had not acted as she did, in the very nick of time, she could not have preserved herself from her father in law's constupration. Your excellency is urgently re- quested to save her life.-After the governor had looked at this petition, and found the cz planation very ageeable to reason, he sent the daughter back to her parents, directing them to find another husband for her; so this worthy attorney succeeded in saving the life of the daughter. More- over, a sum of money was ordered to be given to her as a reward for her chastity. In a few days, when the petition is returned from the board of punishments, the names of the of the parties may be known. A few days ago there was a rebellious wife, aged about 18 years. She was a native of Ho-ping heen in Hunty- chow Foo. the same place. They then poisoned the husband, and buried him in the ground underneath the bed. After- wards a native of the place, having obtained a knowledge of the aſſair, reported it to the officers, who in ºne diately des. patched ten police runners to seize the adulteress and her paramour. When they are brought to Canton they will be tried, and their crimes punished. On the 14th day of the 2nd moon the adulteress was brought to Canton. The judge has again sent a despatch for the adulterer—but he is one of the richest men of the district, and the police have not yet been able to apprehend him. - MACAO LOTTERY. --- We regret that we cannot give any information to Paul Pry on the subject of his letter—the drawing of the Macao government lottery by permission of H. M. F. M. And we agree with him in thinking that it is time the public should be informed of the intentions of the managing She committed adultery with a native of agents as to the time of drawing, or of the completion of any other measures they may have in contemplation. There cannot be a doubt that the lottery will be drawn, or the money paid for tickets be refunded. Our faith in- Portuguese honor and in the strict justice of the Macao government warrants the fullest confidence in this matter, and we have no hesitation in informing Paul Pry that we will close with his offer, albeit not over-credulous, and purchase his tickets at half-price. To the Editor of The CANToN REGHSTER, Dear Mr. Editor—“Hope I don't intrude" but I should be glad to know what has become of the first Macao Government Lottery, the prospectus of which was published in the Register of the 2nd December last, as also a notice from the agents, in the paper of the 16th of the same month, informing the public that the drºving was to commence on the 3rd January, but which, notwithstanding, has not yet taken place; having purchased several tickets, and these being hard times, Mr. Editor, I fear me point Non Plus will be soon in view; if therefore, you or any of your friends can give me some in- formation as to the probable fate of the lottery you will be confering an eternal obligation on your loving friend and ardent admirer for ever and a day. PAUL PRY. P. S. Some people tell me that, in consequence of being unable to dispose of all the tickets, the Macao Government intend to refund with interest to those who have already purchased; “tant mieux", as we say at Dun'irk, but, between yourself, myself and the post, I'm rather sceptical on this head, and shall, therefore be happy to part with all my tickets to any of your credulous friends at the small discount of 50 per cent. Canton, 25th March, 1835. P. P. - MAN TCHOO CONQUEST OF CHINA. . [ Continued from No. 12, Page 46. I The tranquillity, which pervades the chinese empire has often attracted the admiration of foreigners. For, comparing it with the constant wars and feuds which dis- tract other countries, praise is certainly due to a great nation, trained to habitual obedience, connected by a com- mon language, and united by similar manners. But as soon as the equilibrium. which exists between the ruled and rulers, is destroyed; when utter want changes the patient chinese into desperadoes, the most furious passions produce a sudden alteration in the chinese character, and they pounce tºpon each other with the fierceness of the tiger. The successors of Wan-leih had neglected to exercise a vigorous government, and to provide in time for the wants of distressed provinces. The people, therefore, being left without control and urged by starvation, gladly flocked to the standards of robber chieftains. The first seeds of disorder appeared in Sze-chuen, but the leaders were repeatedly routed (once by the celebrated lady who led an army against the tatars), and took refuge in the inaccessi- ble mountains of Kwei-chow. Years of scarcity in the northern provinces, where the crop had been destroyed by locusts, had reduced the inhabitants to despair. Two robber chieſs, Le-kung and Chang-heen-chung, appeared at the head of large armies, resolved to divide the empire between themselves. Having ravaged. Shen-se (1641) they marched into Homan. The capital of this province, being besieged by the rebel army, was destroyed by the cowardly imperialists, who endeavoured to drown their enemies by destroying the banks of the yellow river, and intadating the whole city. Lº-hung took in 1641 the title of Słun-wang, and, instead of living longer by rapine, he affected the behaviour of a benevolent prince; remitted all taxes, punish- ed the oſlicers as extortioners, and flattered himself with having gained the affections of the people. - The government had bitherto been under the sole management of an eunuch, a base and unprincipled man. At the accession of the emperor Tsung ching, however, he lost his power and influence; and his party, exasperated at the disgrace of their leader, only premeditated revenge. The court, therefore, was constantly kept alive by factions; and when Le-kung crossed the Hwang-ho, the chinese army, stationed to repel his inroads, deserted to the robber chief, and the last hope of the capital was thus cut off. IIaving, by secret agents at Peking, created a strong party in his favour, Le-kung found little resistance when Tºº GANTTORT Rºº. . he approached the gates. The eunuchs, anxious to hurry the devoted emperor into destruction, did not warn him of his impending danger. Tsung-ching, perceiving his inevitable fate, instead of dying the death of a defender of his country and throne, despatched first his danghter, and afterwards hanged himself with his girdle, having most earnestly admonished the conqueror to spare the innocent people. His example was followed by many grandees, and the trees of the imperial garden exhibited a dreadful sight (iG44). Le-kung acted like a tyrant; |the two infant sons of the emperor were inhumanly murdered; the Peking magistrates had to experience his wrath for having served a prince whom he accused of oppression, and whose body he ordered to be cut to pieces; and the city was given up to the plun- der of a licentious soldiery. There was still an army stationed on the frontiers of Leaou-tung, under the command of the celebrated Woo- san-kurei. Seeing his native country reduced to the last extremity, he had recourse to the inveterate enemies of China—the mantchoos—to deliver it from the oppression of the robbers. Even without stipulating a great reward for their services, they would have gladly obeyed the sum- mons; but, prompted by self-interest, they instantly joined the chinese army. Against such large numbers Le-kung could do nothing; he fled like a robber, having carried away immense treasures, and the tatars only pursued his troops to take from them the spoils. When they appeared as the deliverers of their country at the gates of Pe-king, they no longer contented themselves with the subsidies, but raised the son of Tsung-tih, Sun-che—a boy of 6 years under the guardianship of his uncle, Amawang—to the chinese throne. In vain did Woo-san-kurei remind them of their promise, and to fulfil the treaty; they were at first silent, but as soon as new reinforcements had arrived, both from Mantchooria and Mongolia, Amawang declared his firm intention of retaining the empire by main force. The ſame of this unexpected success very soon spread through the Scythian steppes, and the hordes of Mongolia, desirous of sharing in the general spoliation, placed their forces willingly at the command of Sun-che. Woo-san-kwei, having been proclaimed emperor by the chinese party, rather declined instead of contesting the honor with a bar- barian chieftain, who grew every day more powerful. The governors of the southern provinces had scarcely heard of these disasters when they recalled the grain Loats, and proclaimed Heun-kwang, the cousin of Tsung cling, to be eruperor. He generously offered the tatars half the empire for their share, but met with a stern refusal. Instead, however, of concentrating all his forces to establish his throne, he bestowed all his attention in regulating the court, where a new aspirant to the imperial dignity—either the real or pretended son of Tsung-ching—had roused his impotent jealousy. The tatars were not slow in availing themselves of this dissension; their army crossed the Hirang-ho, and the chinese fled with consternation, without having made the least preparation for resistance. Having advanced to the Yang-tsze-keang, their passage was dis- puted by the chinese fleet. Hwang-shwang, the comman- der, defended himself with the utmost bravery, and the mantchoos had already resolved upon their retreat, when a traitor killed the loyal admiral and went over to the tatars. The ephemeral emperor with his rival were taken prisoners, and the former was hanged on the walls of Pe" ºr 7. They now marched in three divisions to Kean'ſ-se, Hoo- kitang and Kwang-tung; whilst another prince of the ſing family—who adopted the title of Lo-wang, became the leader of the chinese party at Hang-choo in Che-keanſ. He enjoyed the dignity only for three days. Upon the appearance of the mantchoo army before t', city walls, and the mutiny of his troops, he surrendered his own person as an expiatory offering to the enemy, and earnestly entreat- ed the victors to spare the innocent people. The mantchoos, however, unmoved at this generosity, slaughtered the imperialists in cold blood, whilst those who tried to save themselves upon the Tseen-tang, found a watery grave. When they triumphantly entered Hang-choo they spar- 51 ed the city, being eager to push their victories to the southern parts of the province, and to engage the affections of the people in their behalf. In order to distinguish their friends from their enemies, they insisted upon shaving the head and the growth of a dangling tail, as the true badge of servitude. Against the introduction of this new custom, the national spirit of the chinese revolted, and they ſought with greater ardour for their hair than for their heads. The progress of the tatar army, therefore, was slow; they found resistance where they could least expect it; but after having beguiled the pirate Chin-lung, and gotten him into their power, the conquest of Fuh-keen and Kwang-tung was easy, whilst another army reduced the central provinces. (To be continued.) We submit to our readers some extracts from a rather scarº Portuguese book, the title page of which is as follows: “A treatise, in which are contained, at great length, affairs relative to China, and also some par- ticulars of the Kingdom of QRM Uz, by the most reverend Father Friar Gaspar Dá Cruz of the order of Sam Poiningos. Dedicated to the most powerful king Dom Sebastiam, our lord.—Printed with permission 1569. Second Edition. Lisbon, 1829. - Chapter 23rd. How the Portuguese were treated in times past by the Chinese, and how they armed themselves against them. As we have spoken several times before of the Portuguese captives in China, it will be a convenient thing to know the cause of their captivity when may be said many notable things. It is to be known that since th: year 54, they carried on trade with China very quietly, and without peril; and since then until now, not a ship has been lost, nor any other great disaster; there being, in times pas, many lost. For then there were constant wars. as it were, between the Chinese and Portuguese, and when armed vesseſ; were sent against them, they prepared to go away, or stayed about the places on the coast, much exposed, and when the tempests arrived many vessels were lost on the coast or on shoals. But from the year 54;-- Leonel de Souza, a native of Algarve, and married in Chaul, being Capitan Mor, consented to pay the duties, if the chinese would allow his goods to enter their ports. And from then was the trade at Canton begun which is the first port of China; and thither the Chinese brought their silks and musk, which were the principal articles of the trade which the Portuguese carried on with the Chinese. And in those secure. ports they were quiet, without any danger, , or being disturbed by any body. And the chinese have managed their trade very well until now. And it pleases many both great and small to trade with the Portuguese, and their faine has spread throughout China. So that many principal persons of the court come only to see, they having heard of their fame. Before the said times, arising from the conduct of rernain Perez d’ Andrade, there was didiculty in trading, the Portuguese were notallowed to land, and, to make them hated and de-ested, they called them Pan-kwei, which is to say, devil's children. Now they do not call us Portuguese, neither was this the name known at court when the duties were settled, but by the name of Fanjin, that is, peo, le of a foreign country. Here it should be said that by the laws of China the chinese are not allowed to navigate beyond the kingdom under pain of death. They are only allowed to navigate along the China coast. Yet neither along the coasts, nor to any part outside of China are they permitted to go without certificates from the authorities of the place they leave: in which certificates is stated where the trader is going, his route, a description of his person, and his age. If he does not cary this certificate, he is banished beyond the frontiers. The merchant who brings goods, brings also a certificate of those goods, and how he paid the duties on them. The duties are paid into the provincial custom-houses, and he who does not pay loses his goods and is degraded beyond the frontiers. Notwithstanding the above laws some chinese do navigate and trade beyond China, but these never return to China. Some live at Mºlacca, others at Siam, others at Patane, and scattered about mºny other parts of the south are those who leave without a license. Mºreover, of those who already are living abrºad some return in ships going to China under the prºtection of the Portº, lese; and when the duties are paid on those ships they gºt some of their Portuguese friends, to whom they give a per centage, to pay the duties in their names. Some chinese desirous of gaining the means of living, go concealed in those vessels to trade abroad, and return clandestinely, unknown to any— even to their kindred, so that it is never revealed, to avoid incurring the pains of punishment. This law is imposed because the king of China thinks that much communication of his people abroad may be the cause of insurrections; and because many chinese, from navigating abroad, turn ladrones and assault the sea-coasts, and neither does this caution prevent there being many chinese robbers along the sea-coasts. Those chinese who live abroad, and use to sail with the Portuguese, since the scendal of Fernao d' Andrade, began to persuade the Portuguese to go and trade at , Liampoo (Ming-po), because there were not in those parts cities nor walled towns, but only many and large villages of poor people along the coast, who were well pleased with the Portuguese, to whom they sold provisions, and thereby gained profit. In those villages, the chinese merchants who sailed with the Portuguese, had relations, and at known rendezvous these were received for their own sakes, and the Portuguese got through them to trade with the merchants in-land, and bartered their goods. And as those Chinese 52 THE CANTON REGISTER. who went with the Portuguese were those who mediated between the Portuguese and the inland merchants in buying and selling, they made very great profit from this trade. The petty officers along the coast also received very great profits from these dealings, for they took great bribes from both parties, as they allowed them to make contracts and to bring and take away goods. And, consequently, this traffic was long concealed from the king and the great officers of the province. After their trade at Ning-po had been carried on for some time in this concealed way, the Portuguese began to extend themselves by degrees, and went with their trade as far as Chin-chew, and the isles of Canton. And also, through bribes, to the other officers, allowed them willingly by all parties, some Portuguese had begun to trade even beyond Nankin, which is far distant from Canton, without even this trade being known to the king. ( To be continued. ) t ADDREss To The INHABITANTs of the Philipin E Isla NDS BY THEIR Gover Nor AND CAPTAIN GENERAL. Gratitude to the august queen-regent, who, in name of our high and mighty queen and lady, Isabella the second, has been pleased to bestow on me the government of these islands, would exact from me—even were it not a matter of duty—that, responding to such a distinguished mark of her confidence, I should devote myself incessantly to guard that peace which they so fortunately enjoy, and to consolidate that happiness which their loyal inhabitants so well deserve. They are, and ever have been, an especial object of our sovereign's care. It is my duty to regard them in the same light; such is my desire, and such will be my constant aim while I remain entrusted with the government of these islands. Separated by an immense ocean from those countries where I have had the honor to dedicate myself to the service aud glory of my native land, and in which the testimonials of my political career amid the changeful circumstances that I have witnessed would serve to stifle all hasty conjectures, I have deemed it proper and becoming to my own character to anticipate these by frankly coming forward with a short but sincere exposition of those principles which I propose to myself as a beacon in the administration of the countries over which Her Majesty has set me, and the means I intend to adopt towards their benefit. My first object will be to guard and defend, at all hazards, the sacred rights of our august queen throughout these islands. Their history is not unknown to me; and during the time I have resided in them I have been able to satisfy myself of the good intentions of their citizens. I therefore look forward with confidence—that their honor, their gratitude, and a knowledge of their true interests will, henceforward, as till now, ward off from their happy shores the insidious suggestions of the genius of discord; and—con- vinced that it is only under the shadow of the throne of the innocent Isabella they may live secure and fearless from the calamities and horrors which civil war has entailed on other countries, happy and envied whilst they enjoyed the protection of the Spanish flag—they will give me new proofs of that loyalty which has always distinguished them, I, as the careful guardian of the rights of the throne, as the bulwark of the peace, and prosperity of the people, at whose head I stand, will watch, day and night, over such a sacred deposit, over such an inestimable treasure. And if—which I do not fear— there should arise amongst us any of those wretches who shrink from the society of the upright, who abhor peace because it affords no mantle to their crimes, who foment and kindle the flames of rebellion, because they can only thread their way amidst anarchy and confusion—against such the law shall be enforced in it's utmost rigor. The punishment of the wicked shall guar- antee the safety of the good citizen. The morals of a country inspire distrust, or hold out a prospect of security: these are the test of it's civilisation or it's barbarism. Fortunately, those of the inhabitants of the Philipines, being guided by a pious aud enlightened legislature, and cherished by zealous ministers of the gospel, do not, on the whole, belie the un-remitting care and attention of the supreme government to direct them aright. Nevertheless, I cannot omit to state that respect for our holy religion, veneration for it's ministers, subordination to the laws, esteem for the constituted authorities of the country, and decorum in public conduct, are the principal guarantees of the security and the prosperity of the H. these are qualities which ennoble them. Dignity, virtue, and true ppiness were never yet found at the side of impiety, insubordination and disorder. It will, therefore, be one of my chief objects zealously to labor for the preservation of good morals, to support and strengthen them, and to correct those blemishes which might lead to their being corrupted. To effect this, therefore, a constant vigilance shall follow the footsteps of those who, without any known means of subsistence, make a profession of vice, and live by fraud and deceit; who roam about with unfixed intentions, who take advantage of candour, honor, and good-faith to involve them in their toils; these corrupt by their pernicious example, they are actual drones, the pest of society. In this abundant country, the productiveness of it's soil, the sim- plicity of it's culture—a mild and protecting legislature—the rapid com- munications which facilitate the export of it's valuable staples—and even of it’s scanty manufactures—have given such an impulse to production, that the industrious and persevering man cannot do less than take advantage of circmmstances, as advantageous as they are difficult to unite. He who in the midst of these should prefer a vile and degrading sloth to moderate ex- ertion—to an honorable means of obtaining a livelihood—is a wretch who is only anxious to enjoy his ease at the expense of his neighbour's sweat. My eye will be upon such. But the honorable man, the deservlng citizen, be his estate or condition what it may, will always find with m: a kind reception; at all hours my ears will be open to his complaints, and I will remedy them if they are just; I will listen to his prayers, and grant him the help he may require, if it be in my power. I will not permit that he be the play-thing of authority, or the victim of power. I will interpose between the oppressor and the oppressed, if the law be trampled upon; it's voice shall be heard, not amid the clash of the passions, but in the respectful silence of the temple of justice, as clearly and as distinctly pronounced as it is my determination never to see her venerable statutes despised. Convinced that at times it is not the depravity of the heart, but human weakness, or perverted judgment—the impulse of violent passions, which, unfortunately, induces men to deviate from the path which a sense of duty and the laws of their country have chalked out to them, I shall feel an earnest desire, a sincere pleasure in checking them for their amendment; and to obtain this end I will nse the solicitude of a father who is anxious to change his misguided sons into useful members of the family over which he presides. Thus, at one time armed with the sword of justice, and at another time soothing it's rigors with mercy; always inexorable with the wicked, and always protecting from their thousand snares the upright citizen, peace and safety will be established; and, thus complying with the wishes of the august queen-regent and satisfying my own, I will devote myself to the utmost to insure the prosperity of these islands. - From the days of Philip the second till our own time all our august sovereigns have bestowed unremitting attention to this most interesting object, as the numerous laws and royal schedules, perennial proofs of their wisdom and magnanimity, abundantly attest. But the immortal Christina, scarce yet recovered from her intense grief, way-laid by a reckless and turbulent faction, who are stirring up revolt against her illustrious daughter, surrounded on all sides by the wants of a great nation, probing their wounds and procuring their remedy; in fine, busied with all those weighty cares which are natural to a new reign, which beams on the world the dawn of Spanish regeneration—at the beginning of such an important task directs her thoughts to this distant handful of her loyal vassals. The supreme tribunals that have to take cognizance of their complaints and necessities assume a more expeditious and analagous from;-up-right ministers . and employés—whose services beyond sea, whose knowledge and experience equal the firmness of their resolves, are called to her conſidence. Sundry other measures for support and protection emanate from the throne; and the future happines of our ultramarine possessions will be guaranteed by the best wish s of a good and illustrious queen. It having fallen to my lot to put in force her sovereign will throughout these islands, I shall consider it an honorable task to give activity and impulse to the sources of their riches. Different royal decrees, issued especially since the reign of Charles the 3rd, of glorious memory, up to the present day, have had for object nºt only to protect the industrions laborer, but also to stimulate and support him by rewards, which added to the motive of private interest in a cºuntry whose fertile soil so abundantly repays the skilful agriculturist, ought to induce to every exertion in the culture and care of their valuable productions. I will see that the most wise and fatherly steps be taken; I will patronise to the utmost the first and noblest of the arts. I will examine minutely the obstacles that might cramp it's perfect growth; I will do all in my power to obviate them, and will neglect none of the ways and means that my authority may enable me to use in it's support. The first of these is, and ought to be in every agricultural country, to facilitate the export of it's surplus produce. Commerce, therefore, that channel of human wealth and knowledge—which has become the stay, the strength and the common soul of nations—will find in me all the protection which it's importance demands, and all that security which a government jealous of it's good-name can possibly hold out. Our wisest monarchs have opened their hards liberally to commerce no less than to agriculture; but ill-foundel calculations; information adultera- ted by impure motive, or mistakes arising from the ignorance of the age, have changed at times their protection, however well-meant, into useless, nay, perhaps, fatal interference. The enlightened government of our illustrious queen is even now discussing this important subject, and new royal decrees, loosing some of the fetters that have till now cramped the genius of commerce in these islands, foretell a favorable change in this branch of the legislature. For my part, in the sphere of my own power I will avoid all restrictions not absolutely necessary, nor shall I interfere, unless pe- remptorily called for. I will give individual enterprise all the scope that it requires, even until it trespasses on the royal commands, and it shall not want the succour that my authority can supply. This succour I will extend alike to native industry, and, as is my wish, so shall I exert myself to rescue it from the state of backwardness in which it is plunged. Such is my sincere desire to respond worthily to the unlimited confidence with which her Majesty has been pleased to honor me, by supporting and consolidating that happy peace and security which the inhabitants of these islands enjoy, and cherishing their wealth and prosperity. To put these resolutions in force I reckon upon the co-operation of all the authorities, more especially upon that of the royal council, of which I have the honor to b president; and from my personal acqnaintance with all of them, I may entertain a well-grounded hope that they will proceed in union and har- mony, not allowing a spirit of competition or ill-timed discord to stifle their zeal for the service of H. M. or the common good of these, her royal vassals. The boundary-line of the faculties and privileges of all is distinctly chalked out; not only will I respect it myself, but I will take care that it is trespassed by no other individual; and although, by the royal decree of the 8th of April last, H. M. has been pleased th grant me new powers of the most ample and unlimited nature, I will not make use of this great distinction and high mark of her conſidence, unless compelled to exert them in defence of the important trust committed to my care. I reckon likewise upon the loyalty of the distinguished army of these islands, as it may count upon my attachment and particular regard. I will end avour that every individual of it may look upon me as his comrade—a sharer of his fortine—interested in his welfare—in his advancement, and determined to honor and protect all those whose conduct may respond to my hopes. Although fully persuaded that the meritorious chiefs and officers at it's head will, as until now, know how to be grateful for the distinction and con: ſidence which H. M. has bestowed upon them, still, having been schooled by a long experience, I will not fail to inculcate the strictest discipline; and convinced that this is the true strength of soldiers, the nurse of warriors, and the support of the state, I will never look with an indulgent eye on the slightest breach of it's laws, I have thus given a slight sketch of the principles which I propose to act upon in the government of these islands. Having adopted them because I believe them just, I will support them with firmness because I consider them equally conducive to the fulfilment of my duty, and the accomplishment of my ardent desire for the happiness of this country. GABRIEL DE FORRES. Manila, 1st of March, 1835. BIRTH.-On the 26th Inst. at Macao, the lady of the reverend George Harvey Vachell, M. A. Chaplain to H. B. M. superintendents, of a son, THE (DANIENDS! Bººts, NAB, “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. VOL. 8. TUESDAY, APRIL 7TH, 1835. No. 14. Hºrs: OFFICIAL NOTIFICATION. URSUANT to Instructions under the Royal Sign Manual, Captain Charles Elliot, R. N. has this day succeeded to the Office of Second Superintendent of the Trade of British Subjects in China, vacant by the resignation of John Harvey Astell, Esq. and Alexander Robert Johnston, Esq. late Secretary to the Commission, has succeeded to the Office of Third Superintendent. Edward E. Elmslie, Esq. Senior Clerk on the Chief Superintendent's Establishment. has been charged provisionally, with the duties of Secretary & Treasurer, and it is requested that all Public communications may be addressed to that Gentleman. - By order of the Superintendents, EDWARD ELMSLIE, Macao, 1st April, 1835. Acting Secretary & Treasurer. (Advertisements, see Price Current.) ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N T O N. The LYR A, Billings, from Singapore, and the American vessel SAPPHIRE, Chewer, from the west coast of South America, vià the Sandwich islands, have arrived in the course of the week. The first season of the British free trade to China is now ended ; and we trust the word season will not longer be applicable to that trade, which henceforth will be carried on during the year and be cultinuous throughout ages. One hundred and fifty eight vessels under the British flag, of 82,472 registered tons, and exporting lbs 43,641,200 of tea, have traded to China during the memorable year of 1834: memorable hy many important events: memorable by the lesson read by governor Loo to lord Palmerston; and which we trust his lordship—if he is still the foreign secretary of Great Britain—has ere this learned by heart, and that he can and will repeat it memoriter greatly to Loo's satisſac- tion: memorable for the short, difficult, obstructed, thorny career of the lamented lord Napier on these shores: mem- orable by his precipitated death: memorable by the con- trariety of interests so cunningly and so collusively established in Canton by the permission granted to the directors to send there the agents of the company, non-trading by act of par- liament. The events of this celebrated year have fully proved the ability of British merchants to manage their own bnsiness in China without the intervention of an establishment in leadenhall su.e. t or an orderly factory in Canton. The conduct and appearance of the crews of the free traders have put to shame those of the company's ships, with their three days of unbridled license; and let but the British government protect it's subjects residing in China with it's strong arms of power and justice, the British character will then speedily rise to its proper, elevation in the opinion of this government and people, which it has never yet attained because it has never yet been known. Henceforth, give us a fair field and no favour, and we are conſident of the result. The rumour of the insurrection in the large, mountain- ous, and well-watered province of Sze-chuen (the four streams) is still increasing. It is said that the adherents of Chang-kih-urh, the mahommedan prince who caused so much anxiety to the emperor when he was out in 28, are rising to revenge his death. . They plead that as he surrendered himself his life ought to have been spared. The independent Meagu-tsze are, it is said, espousing the cause of this inurdered chieftain, who was hewn in pieces in the presence of the merciful emperor of China, and many of his relations beheaded. ) On the 18th day of the 10th moon one of the impºſal concubines was elevated to the rank of empress. The name of H. I. M. is New-yew-luh she. Necrology. In the 11th moon of last year, Tsaou-chin- witng, one of the cabinet ministers, inspector of imperial edicts, president of the Han-lin college, &c. went to ramble with the immortals, being 87 years old, aud having served three successive emperors. The emperor himself, with strict ceremonies and abundant kindness, performed his funeral solemnities. Tae-tun-yuen, the president of the Hing-poo, or tribunal of punishments, died on the 11th day of the 12th moon. -- On the evening of the 7th day of the present moon, a man named Le, living in Tsae-lan-hung street, had a wrangle with a friend about money. The friend disliking to be railed at, brought in more than ten ruffians into Le’s family house and commenced a bullying clamour; this Le's spirit could not bear, he seized a knife—used for cutting vegetables—and wounded one of the men in his right hand and another in his head. Some runners of the Nan-hae- heens interfered and stopped the quarrel, and recommended medicines and money should be given to the wounded men, and the affair was thus ended. Yesterday the comprºlor, cook, cowkeeper, and cooly of Mr. Jackson's, who were seized with their master and some other gentlemen in the 8th month of last year, when coming to Canton from Macao in a fast boat, were released from confinement in the city. The poor cooly was punished, as being a willing accomplice in this breach of the local regulations; and the others were let off, as they said they did not know that the boat had been hired by Mr. Jackson, and had taken their passage to come to Canton on their own affairs. What steps should the Expected strength FROM ENGLAND TAKE? Dear Mr. Editor, Here is a question for you and your readers; for certain as fate a force is to come, and as surely the good or bad management of that force is to secure it's success and our welfare, or it's failure and our further loss and degradation. The only way I can clearly explain the matter is supposing the envoy one entirely to secure public confidence, let us say the hon. Miountstuart Elphinstone; and the force sent precisely what the British merchants here have lately asked from their gracious sovereign. That granted, let him rendezvous his strength off the mouth of this river, take on board your inter- preters, fresh provisions and water (in large quantities), and any native pilots or charts the zeal of your countrymen may furnish you with. So supplied make for Amoy; let all the fleet anchor in shelter inside the bank, but let the line-of-battle ship—say the Caledonia of 120 guns—piloted by the steamer, enter the finest harbour in the world, and reaching up abreast of the town, let the envoy, receive on her deck a receipt for a letter from William of England to the emperor of China, demanding redress for the insults and injuries done to her honor through lord Napier, and this receipt from the highest mandarin the envoy must insist on, and if the receipt is not got be is to proceed to bombard the town till got. I suppose the receipt to be granted and he sails away, letting it be in writing understood that he goes to meet an accredited servant of rank of the emperor's, to settle, without bloodshed, his claims at Teen-sing, or that point of water he considers nearest to Peking, This operation should be repeated in Lat. 30. off Ningpo, only so chang- ed that the fleet goes outside the islands. A frigate, with the envoy on board, and a steamer going to Choo-san. Once more off Nanking!—And as soon as the gulph of Pe-che-le (shallow water) is approached, a safe anchorage for frigates and line-of-battle ships should be chosen, and the envoy, in a vessel of small draft of water towed by the steamer, should proceed to the mouth of the small estuary distant about 12 miles from Peking, where another copy of the letter to the emperor should be sent to the gates of Peking, in the care of an officer, attended by Mr. Gutzlaff, and a small select guard of honor, and intimation in writing given that the envoy demands the presence of a man of rank to hear our complaints. ------ If redress is granted, a specific demand should be made for the destruc- tion of the Bogue forts for the insult by them offered to our flag, and that destruction should take place in presence of, and be certified by, a command- 54 THE CANTON REGISTER, er of a British cruizer, and a distinct intimation given that, if this is not complied with, England will herself undertake the work of demolition of those forts. Loo, as the highest officer insulting lord Napier, should by stipulation, be degraded. These things complied with, and security given for the landing of a British envoy, the after treaty on amicable terms is a matter of ease and certainty. Suppose them not complied with, two or three stations in safe harbours by the largest ships are to be selected along the coast, and the trade of China (perhaps the largest coasting trade in the world) to be absolutely annihilated, taking such other steps of annoyauce as a good military judge may consider within his means for intercepting the imperial revenue in its progress to Peking. - §§, Mr. Editor, is the first programme of operations I would expect to be filled up with spirit and skill were the envoy I have hinted as the likely person to do the work; and it's triumphant success is about as certain as the rising of the sun tomorrow. 3rd April, 1835. AN ENEMY to HALF-MEASURES. We perfectly agree with an “Enemy to half-measures,” in his opinion of the difficulty of explaining away the matter between Great Britain and China, and also, like him, we despise half-measures, the paltry subterfuges of ignorant and weak men. We should be extremely glad to be more often favoured with the opinions of our “Co-mates and brothers in exile” on this very intricate question; namely:-What are the best measures for Great Britain to adopt towards China, combining at the same time a politic regard for her commercial interests, and a proper and dignified concern for her national character. In the resolution of this important question it must not be forgotten that the government of Great Britain have already passed the Rubicon. They have publicly and pressingly invited the people to enter into a trade—free on their side—with all the dominions of the emperor of China. A Superintendent and his establishment, entailing on the nation a large yearly expenditure, have landed in Canton, and been beaten back. The government and the king of Great Britain have been mentioned contemptuously in public official papers by a provincial governor of the celes- tial empire. The claims of the foreign trade for protec- tion, and the pretensions of foreigners to be civilised men have been derided—scorned. Their ignorance and rude- ness have fully proved that they cannot understand reason, and, therefore, are not to be ruled as rational crea- tures. Is it, then, either the duty of H. M. government, or the interest of the nation, that the false steps and imbecile measures lately taken and pursued, be retraced and aban- doned; or is it safer for the preservation of our present position to consider the acts of the chinese government as beneath the serious notice of a great people who presume to “teach the nations how to live”?— Paley laid it down as “a rule of prudence which ought “to be recommended to those who conduct the aſſairs of “nations,—“never to pursue national honour as distinct “from national interest'.-This rule acknowledges that it “is often necessary to assert the honour of a nation for “the sake of it's interest. Concessions which betray “too much of fear or weakness, though they relate to points “of mere ceremony, invite demands and attacks of more “serious importance.”—Utility is to be the test when points of national honour are debated. The same able writer further observes that “the pursuit “of interest, when regulated by those universal maxims of “relative justice, which belong to the affairs of communities “as well as of private persons, is the right principle for “nations to proceed by: even when it trespasses upon these “regulations, it is much less dangerous, because much more “temperate than the other.” i.e. the pursuit of honor. We presume to hazard an opinion that the interest and honor of the British nation are inseparable in their relations with China. It should be remembered that the Chinese are ignorant of, or do not allow, any “universal maxims of “relative justice as belonging to the affairs of (foreign or barbarian) communities.” argue in this question?—He would inculcate obedience to the laws of the state in which we live; but, if there were great grievances, cruelty, oppression, , and tyrannical encroachment upon natural liberty, he would also say, ‘that How would Paley himself. “if public expediency be the foundation, it is also the “measure, of civil obedience.” Arguing abstractedly, it is not difficult to prove that the exclusive system of the Chinese is a state of hostility to the rest of the world: they wave a flag of eternal defiance in the face of all mankind; and any nation may accept their challenge and take up the gauntlet which they proudly and disdainfully cast upon that earth which they claim as their own: this would be nothing more than a vindication of national honor and independence. But when a long-continued in- tercourse is abruptly broken off, property endangered and life threatened—a friendly herald rejected with contempt— his word, and the words of his king and government scorn- fully disbelieved—-an assumption made by special public edicts of universal empire, claiming the kings of the earth as the tributaries of China—it would seem to be the interest of all civilised nations that China should be made to recede from these demands of homage and respect; for, if they are submitted to any longer, and after what haspassed, how can the chinese believe that their pretensions are absurd, or contrary to the universal maxims of relative justice, so far as they understand them?— The conceited arrogance and haughty ignorance of the chinese will never be broken through but from without. Coércion must be used for self protection; it is merely the degree of self-assertion that is doubtful. And here we may also be guided by general principles. The means must be proportioned to the easiest and speediest attainment of the end. Fear is the single passion we have now to excite in the mind of China, and it is from that feeling alone we may ex- pect any acknowledgments either of general or particular rights. A fleet then, such as the chinese never saw before, led by a Cockburn or an Otway, at once plenipotentiary and commander in chief, should be the means of correcting all their idle notions concerning themselves and others. . After the late misunderstandings have been properly explained, admittance to other ports to the northward and eastward should be a sine qua non. For now, having only one point d'appui, we are necessarily constrained in our operations and entirely at the mercy of one provincial government. But when we are admitted to the ports of Fuh-keen, Chekeang. &c. trading unrestrictedly with natives freed from the incubus of a hong as the British people are now from the company, the reports of the governors of those provinces will be a set-off againts the mendacity of the Kwang-tung officers. A better order of things will naturally follow, and by degrees even the domestic manners of the myriads of China may be ameliorated by contact with European refinement. It is clear something must be done; and it is almost equally certain that something will be done; but defend us from a repetition of last year's specimen of British talent for establishing diplomatic relations with this empire, and from the infliction of company's servants in any leading public employment in this country: for brought up under an exclusive system, and legislating over subdued nations, they are either ignorant or too forgetful of the birth-rights of their fellow-countrymen. Eighty years ago (vide Register No. 10 page 40.) Mr. Frederick Pigou disapproved of a company's China servant being employed as ambassador to China. , Since then we have sent two embassies, both equally fruitless, It is now time for Great Britain to assume a higher tone, and protect the free trade, or that trade will be obliged to protect itself along the east coast of China: what will be the in- evitable consequence?—A smuggling traffic carried on in defiance of the chinese government, protected by armed private ships, and scenes of violence and perhaps bloodshed will be frequently occurring, equally discreditable to the to the executive of either country. All this can be pre- vented by judicious measures on the part of the British government: by selecting proper functionaries and adopt- ing a decisive conduct; but we again deprecate, with our correspondent, half-measures, and the employment in a leading public office in China of any persons who have ever called the court of directors their honorable employers: such a selection will, as it has already been proved to have THE CAN'ron REGIsraa. done, be only courting unnecessary difficulties, and arous- ing at the same time both the suspicion and the contempt of the chinese. We can never re-iterate too often that the preservation of the trade,-that is, it's continuance during all public discus- sions—should be the first object of the British plenipoten- tiary, and this can only be accomplished by the presence of a commanding naval force in the chinese waters. Any threat on the part of the chinese officers to resort to their favorite and hitherto too successful policy—a stoppage of the trade—chafing the mouths of the barbarians by a severe rhubarb-curb and a tight tea-rein—should be instantly re- taliated: for it is a declaration of war, a cartel of defiance, a manifestation of passive hostility: by thus being, “fire with?fire;” and “threatening the threat'ner,” their master- stroke, both of attack and defence, is parried, their guard beaten down, and they are left defenceless and must capitulate, for they have not the spirit of patriotic martyr. dom. All our remarks apply particularly to the civil and military officers of China; the people of every nation will favour a free trade. MANTCHOO CONQUEST OF CHINA. [ Concluded from No. 13, Page 51. I Hitherto victory had crowned all their efforts; but they were, for the first time, routed in a pitched battle fought in Keang-se. The chinese generals gaining confidence immediately created Tung-leih, a nephew of Wan-leih, emperor, who fixed his seat in Kwang-tung province, where he favored the christians, his mother and the em- press herself having become proselytes to popery and sent a flattering embassy to Rome. The N. W. provinces were likewise in a state of rebel- lion, and even the imperial city was threatened by Keang, a magnate who had revolted because the debauchery of some of the mantchoo grandees remained unpunished. The sudden progress of his arms made even the capital tremble. Sunche, the tatar emperor, although he had reached the age of manhood, was by no means capable of quelling this insurrection; and Amawang, his uncle and guardian, had to undertake the difficult task of overthrowing a patriotic leader who was bent upon the ruin of the mantchoo usurp- ers. Hemmed, however, up in a city near the great wall, he despaired of his fortunes, and whilst attempting to force his way through the tatar's camp he was slain, and in him fell the last stanch defender of chinese liberty. The end of Le-kung is unknown; he is said to have perished in an engagement with Woo-san-kwei. Chang- heen-chung, his former associate, however, a brutal monster in human shape, went on ravaging the central provinces, and fixed his government finally in Sze-chuen. He was the eneiny of mankind in general, and slew all indiscriminately. Having murdered several Ming princes, slaughtered their eunuchs, killed 20,000 priests in a general massacre, despatched the officious mandarins and invited the students to an examination, he put them all to death. A division of his soldiers, being unable to reduce the fortress of Nan-chung, was involved in a dreadſul punishment. He ſlayed some alive, and sent the skins stuffed out with straw to their native villages. When he was informed of the march of the tatars he killed the in- habitants without distinction, men, women and children, to prevent them rising in rebellion duriug his absence; the soldier's wives and the maimed and sick shared the same fate; and having thus disencumbered himself from all bur- dens he determined to annihilate the tatars. Being shot in a reconnoitering party, his whole army dispersed, and the mantchoo general, though he had been victorious, was sentenced to death. Yung-leih enjoyed his dignity only for a short time. His most faithful servants were either surprised by assault, or bought over. Kwang-tung surrendered ofter a most obstinate siege; the unhappy prince fled to Kwang-se, aud being there also pursued, he finally retired to Yun-nan. But the tatars were determined to hunt him to the last 55 corner of the empire; he fled to the king of Pegu, who struck with terror at the approach of a chinese army, delivered him and his family up to his enemies. Here he was ignobly strangled, but his wife and some princesses were permitted to die in retirement. The last ſaint struggle for chinese independence was made by Woo-san-kwei, then viceroy of Kwei-chow and Yunnan. He was joined by the governors of Fuh-keen and Kwan-tung, who, assisted by the famous pirate, Ching- ching-hung, might have bid defiance to the united army of the tatars, but they did not act in concert; they were jealous of each other, and, instead of uniting for their common interest, they fell single-handed into the hands of the mant- choos. The wise Kang-he was then upon the throne; he was equally great as a warrior and politician; he reconciled and fought, and proved far superior to all the rebels. Chin- ke-san, the descendant of the famous pirate, was the last who tendered submission—1683—after having been re- duced to the sole possession of Formosa. From this momeut the mantchoos exercised an uncontroled sway over all the country, and wisely mingled with the numerous chinese, blending their interests, and adopting their customs. We continue the extracts from Padre da Cruz's treatise concerning China; and it appears from the nar- rative of the venerable friar that smuggling on the east coast of China, through the officers of government, is not, by any means, a modern innovation on the customs of the celestial empire. (Continued from No. 13. Page 52.) Those contracts succeeded so well that the Portuguese began to winter at the islands of Ningpo, where they fixed themselves and in time got somany privileges, as to be able to establish their own laws and regulations and only a gallows and pillory were wanting. The chinese who went amongst the portuguese, and certain portuguese with them, became so, depraved as to begin committing great thefts and robberies, and even killed some people. Those evils increased so much and the complaints of the injured parties became so loud, that they reached not only the great officers of the province but also the king himself, who immediately ordered a very large fleet to be fitted out from the province of Fokien in order that it might drive all the ladrones off the coast, a principally those who frequented Ningpo; and all the merchants, Portuguese as well as Chinese, were considered as ladrones. The fleet being hastily fitted out, cruized on the sea-coast. And because the winds were uns. favourable for going to Ning-po, it made sail off Chin-chew, where finding some Portuguese ships trading they commenced fighting with them and stop. ped all kinds of goods from going to the Portuguese. Affairs were in this state for several days, fighting at times, in order to see if they might find a way of conducting their business; several days having passed, and seeing that there was no chance, they determined to go away without them. When this was known to the captains of the chinese fleet they sent by night, very secretly, a message that if they were willing to trade, and have goods through them, they ought to send them some things. The Portuguese being highly pleased with this message, made them a large and splendid present, secretly by night, as desired. From then and afterwards. they got as many goods as they wanted, those officers never troubling them again, and dissembling with the merchants. And after this manner they carried on trade in that year, which was 1548. Chapter 24th. How the Chinese armed themselves another time against the Portuguese, and what followed from this armament. In the following year, which was 1549, the coast was more strictly guarded by the captains of the fleet, and the ports of China with greater vigilance, so that neither goods nor provisions came to the Portuguese; but vain were all the caution and watch, as the islands along the land are so numerous that they run in a line the whole length of China; nor were the fleets with all their caution and vigilance able to prevent the Portuguese from receiving some concealed goods. But there was not enough to enable them to finish loading their ships, and to dispose of the goods they had brought to China. But at last leaving the goods that remained, in order to sell them, in two chinese junks, belonging to those expatriated chinese who had already left the boundaries of Chiua and traded under the pro- tection of the Portuguese: in those junks they put thirty Portuguese in charge of ships and goods, and to defend the ships, and go to some other chinese port, where they might be better able to sell the goods that were left in barter for the goods of China, and afterwards they sailed away for India. When the chinese fleet saw that only two junks remained, the other ships, having sailed, they came against them, being prompted by certaiu merchants on shore, who had revealed to those in the fleet that a great quantity of goods. remained in those two junks, and that a small number only of Portuguese remained to guard them. They then armed themselves secretly, as a snare, and placed some chinese careening in ambush on the shore, while from the armed places they made believe as if they were desirous of attacking the ships and , fighting, with them, for many were close by on shore, so that when the provoked Portuguese might go out of their ships to fight with them, and thus leave their ships defenceless, the 56 ---, - THE canton REGISTER fleet, which remained near, was ready to attack them behind from a bridge made from the shore to the water. Provoked in this manner, those who were left for the defence of our ships, being incautious as to the snare, some of them went out to fight with those on shore. The which those of the fleet seeing, who remained watching in ambush, attacked with great briskness and readiness the two junks, and killed some Portuguese they found in them, wounded others, and took the ships. The chinese Capitam Mor and the officers were so glorified and contented with this victory that it was a thing to be wondered at to see their joy. Immediately he began committing many cruelties on the Chinese who were taken with the Portuguese. And he strove to induce four Portuguese who had a better personal appearance than the rest, to say they were kings of Malacca. And to entice them he finished by promising them better treatment than the rest. And finding amongst some clothes a gown and cap, he questioned one of the chinese who had been taken with the portugdese what garment that was, and the chinese made him believe it to be the spoils of the kings of Malacca; and forth with he ordered three gowns to be made according to that measure, and also three caps, and he clothed the whole four uniformly after this manner, in order to show truly his trickery, and more glory for his victory. Besides, this mandarin became covetous of trying to purloin as many goods for himself as he could carry from our ships. So that he was willing to show conjointly his triumph over the kings of Malacca, in order to gain a great name, and glory with this people, and also that the king might, exalt and thank him for the service which he was desirous of showing he had performed, and also he desired to help himself with the goods which he took, in order to make a greater show to the people of China of his most glorious victory. And in order to be able to do this with greater safety, and not to be caught out in a lie, he executed the Chinese whom he had taken with the Portuguese, and killing some, he resolved to kill the others also. This coming to the notice of the Aitao, who was his superior, he was severely reprimanded for what he had done and ordered immediately not to kill any more of those who were left, but presently to come to see the Aitao, bringing with him all those people he had taken who were still a-live, as well as the goods. Now the mandarin, preparing to go his way to the Aitao, as he had desired, ordered four chairs to be given to those four who bore the title of king, that they might be carried with greater honor. And the other portuguese were put in cages, with their heads protruding, their necks being squeezed through a hole in the board on the top so that they could not draw in their heads, but some had them wounded, and were thus exposed to the sun and sky during the journey: thus they were obliged to eat and drink, &c. which were done with no little to rent and pain; and being placed within those cages, they were carried on men's backs. In this manner this mandarin conducted the booty inland with very great majesty, and carried before him four flags flying which had written on them the names of the four kings of Ala' acca, and when he entered the towns, and he entered with great noise and pomp with trumpets sounding and criers before, who proclaimed the great victory the mandarin had gained over the four powerful kings of Malacca, and all the principal men of the towns and villages came out to receive him with great feasts and honor, all the people gathering to see the new victory. As soon as the mandarin arrived with all his pomp and glory where the Aitao was, after given him a very detailed account of all that had passed and of his victory, he discovered his design and agreed with him that they should divide the goods between themselves, and that they should continue the deceit ºf “ , ” ings of Malacca, through which hot in it . . . . . . . . . ºr an i tha iks from the king. This being agreed to they both resolved that to keep tº is is secret it was a cº- sary to prosecute the plan the mandarin a d began which was to put to death all the chinese who had been made captives. And they forth with ordered the whole of it to be done, so that they killed upwards of ninety chinese, and among those who were put to death were some little boys. They left, however, three or four boys and one man, insinuating ( at their peril ) to report to the king all that they desired, which was to prove the Portuguese ladrones, and to try to conceal the goods which they had taken; making sure also through them of proving that the four actually were kings of Malacca; and as the portuguese could not speak the language of the land, nor in that land was any person who would intercede for them, so that they should at last perish, and they being reckoned powerful would compass the chd for them designed. And for this cause, and to increase the triumph of the victory, they did not kill the portuguese, but left them alive. Neither, however, could these officers do all this in such secrecy, and with so much safety to themselves as not to betray their fraudulent malice, and not without being generally suspected. And it was principally through the rumour of the murders and cruelties they had committed spreading in distant places; , for it is an unusual thing in China to put any body to death without the king's authority, as we have already said above. And still, in executions in this country justice is very slow and cautious, which is also proved by the above tale. Besides all this, many of those whom they killed had relations in the place, who were grieved for their loss. And by these, as well as by some mandarins, zealous for justice, and who did not wish to give their consent to so great evils and frauds, this trsnsaction was brought to the notice of the king, and it was proved to him how the Portuguese were merchants, who came to China with their goods to trade, and not ladrones, and how falsely four of then bore the title of kiugs, to the end that the king might confer on them great rewards and honors, and how they had usurped a very great quantity of goods, and at last, that in order to conceal all these evil deeds, they killed innocent men and children, which being made known to the king, he was on that account very mournful and sorrowful, and he presently, with great speed and diligence, ordered justice to be administered, as may be seen in the following chapter, which gives a long account of it. Chapter 25th. Of the dilegence he used to learn what people the Portuguese were, and how the eramination of witnesses and prisoners was made. As soon as the king was informed of all that has been said above, he immediately despatched from his conrt a Kin-chae; that is to say— a golden chop; and such officers are not sent except on the most important affairs. And with him two others also of great authority, one of whom had been a trea urer and the other a judge of a province, as inquisi- tors into this business. Recommending also the envoy that this same year he should visit the province of Fuh-keen, and the treasurer and judge of the said province were directed to aid the Kin-chae an " '' e two inquisitors, in all that might be necessary in this affair; chargins "le whole of them strictly that in this case they should act like faithful servants and friends of exact justice and the good government of his kingdom. And as this hap- pened at a time when all the provinces, were provided with new officers, the whole of the above-named commission came ſron court, and all entered the city of Foo chow with great pomp. And immediately on their arrival the whole of them began with very great diligence and care to attend to the business on which they came, and which had been so strongly recommended tº them. The two who came with the Kin-chae as inquisitors, presently esta- blished themselves in two large houses, having in the centre a large open court and on one side of the court were two large and very fine private rooms, an on the other side were others of the same kind. Each of the inquisitors took pºssession of one of the said houses. The prisoners were soon brought and placed before one of them. That one courteously referred them to the other, that he might first commence the enquiry, with many expressions of civility. The other directed them to return, with many thanks. And thus they were several times carried from one to the other, each being willing to give way to the other that he might first begin, until one of them gave in as vanquished and commenced. And as this affair was of very great importance, and strongly. recommended (to them), all that the criminals and accusers said these officers wrote down with their own hands. The Portuguese had great opposition from a chinese pilot of one of the captured vessels, and a chinese Christian boy, who had been brought up amongst the Portuguese from his infancy ; and , all this was done by the inimical officers, being Prevailed upon by gifts and prom ses; those officers (Louthias) being already deposed from office, and reputed as delinquents, as they were accused before the king; but although they were in this situation they were very Powerful and greatly befriended, so that they could draw from amongst the Portuguese, through their influence, a chinese boy who served them as linguist, so that not having anyone who could understand then, they could hot defend the right. The Portuguese then held up a petition in their hands which a chinese prisoner made for them, and presented it to the inquisitors, the which, when seen by them, they ordered to be delivered. And this boy was the cause of their deliverance, as through him they’ understood the officers of justice, and they were able to show very clearly they Were guiltless. They enquired of us after this fashion: the accusers were first brought, and being questioned by one of these officers, they took us to the older to be re-questioned. Ånd having much reexamined the * used between one and the other, the accusers were brought for examina- ºn. And thus the accused with the accusers were all questioned by: both those officers, and the sayings of each party were afterwards seen by both of them, that they might see if they clashed. And firstly, they asked questions of each one separately. Then they questioned all together, by which they m ght know if one contradicted another, or if they wrangled and reproved each other, and thus, by degrees, they tried to gather the truth of the case. In the course of those questions the pilot and the chinese christian boy were served with many stripes, because they cºntradicted each other in some things. And they always showed to the . officers that they were pleased to hear the Portuguese in their defence, which was a cause of great comfort to them. And it was also a great help to them that they never contradicted each other, as they all spoke one language. And when the Portuguese rejoiced in their reply, when they would know who they were, and that they were merchants and not ladrones, that they might order an enquiry concerning them along the whole coast of Chin-chew, where they shall learn the truth, the which they shall be able to know from the native inerchants, with whom they had traded in... y years, and also of those . people they shall know that no me of them were kid's, because kings never dº º themselves so much as to come with such a handful of men to traffic, and what before they had said to the contrary was a fiction of the officers (...wikissi), and for themselves to receive better treatment. (To be continued.) METEOROLOGICAL DIARY FOR MARCH, The R.M. B.A.R. a -A- night. noon. WINDS. O 1 45 50 30:20 N a NNW. cloudy throughout, mod. breeze. ©2 50 55 30:20 N a NE. do. do. A 3 53 65 30:15 NW a SE. fine weather, light variable-do. § 4 55 65 30:20 N. cloudy ———do.————do. 2ſ 5 60 65 30:10 SE a N. fine weather, ———do. § 6 57 64 30:10 N a N by W. cloudy, light breeze. 1, 7 55 56 30:20 N. –––––do. mostly fresh breeze. OS 53 60 30:20 N.——-———do. light breeze. (>9 57 65 30:15 N a NNW. 1st & mid.mod. latter fresh br. f 10 54 61 30:30 N. with light rain at times, mod.breeze. § 11 49 60 30:35 N. fine weather—— ———--—do. lſ 12 56 5s 30:15 N. cloudy, light ran at times, light breeze. 13 55 65 30:15 N a SE. ſine weather——do. * 14 62 72 30:10 SE.—————- do. lºtterly a fresh breeze. O 15 64 75 29.95 SE.-----————do.suily, light breeze. @ 16 66 72 30:00 E a SE. cloudy —lo. ——do. & 17 66 72 29:95 SE fine weather, at times a fresh breeze. ; 18 64 7.6 30:00 SE. do. first part, latter cloudy, light breeze. 2ſ 19 63 70 30:00 E a SE.cloudy, first part fresh a N.latter mod. ? 20 63 70 30:00 E a SE. cloudy, mostly a moderate breeze. 5 21 63 73 2:2 69 75 © 23 58 62 J 24 51 53 § 25 49 55 29:90 29:S0 30:00 30:20 30::30 SEas.most part cloudy,lt.rain at times, ſr.br. SE. cloudy——— moderate breeze. Nº a NNW. clay.lat. part rain, mostly a fr.br. N a NNW.do.throughout—do. N a NNE.———do.——-——do. 2ſ 26 50 56 30:30 Na NNW.———do.—-—---—do. * 27 52 58 30:30 N a NNW.——do.———do. * 28 51 5S 30:25 N a NNW.——do. most part a mod. breeze. O29 52 58 & 30 55 64 ... 31 (30 70 30:30 NaNN.W. cloudy, with light ra. at ti. mod. bl. 30:30 NNW, N NE. most part cloudy, light vble br. 30.3 ‘’’. ‘’, ' '. Inod. breeze. DIED. At Valparaíso iu november last, Thomas H. Patrickson, ºsq- (formerly of Calcutta) of tile hua... v. 3cwell and 1’atrickson. 58 THE CANTon REGISTER, One of the Europeans longest resident in China has left Macao in the Portuguese ship CAEs A R. Captain Ramos. We allude to Mr. Bletterman, formerly chief of the Dutch factory and afterwards H. M. the King of the Netherland's Consul in China. Mr. Bletterman accompanied M. Van Braam's embassy to Peking in 1794.5. His kindness and hospitality during his long residence in Canton endeared him to the foreign community, by whom his absence must be deeply regretted. Iu him we have lost one of those able men who were intimately acquainted with the chinese character, and who, during the palmy days of the different chartered monopólies, when the chinese were less suspicious and more confiding than they are now, did not neglect his opportunities of forming a just estimate of their national character. We wish Mr. Bletterman a happy passage, and that he may réassume among his country inen at Batavia that degree of official consideration due to him in vindication of his honorable character, and of which, by perverse aspersion and cruel calumny, he was once most unjustly deprived ; and that he may be received by his friends with the regard and esteem he so highly deserves. THE PROVINCIAL CITY. On the 7th instant, as a younger brother of an affluent family, named Hwang, went to perform the ceremonies oſ the spring festival at the tombs on the hills to the north of the city, fell from his horse, rolled down the hill aud was killed. On the 8th instant the Nan and Pwan Heens repaired to the black-dragon-king's temple in the city to supplicate for rain; the killing of animals for food was interdicted on that day, in consequence of the long drought. The Kwang-chowºfoo has issued severe prohibitions on several matters. Firstly, forbidding flower lanterns to be used in temples and private dwellings in the first month of the new year. Secondly, forbidding the use in the 1st and 2nd moons of handle-lanterns, fish-lanterns, gongs, drums &c. Thirdly, forbidding fireworks in the streets on the 2nd day of the 2nd moon. Fourthly, forbidding the running of dragon-boats on the 5th day of the 5th moon; and sixthly, forbidding extra- vagant expenditure at weddings, funerals, and in sacrificing. On friday, the 10th instant, Yaou, of Shih-urh-foo street, outside peace-and-plenty gate, being a little more than thirty years old and rather fat, went with his two sºns through the great north gate to worship at the tombs. The weather being extremely close and warm, made him per- spire greatly, and chancing to meet a hill-hole that con- tained some clear water, the, coolness pleased him much, and he stopped to wash himself. Suddenly he became chilled; and in returning, when he reached the western gate he was unable to walk farther. He then hired a shoulder chair to carry him home; but just before they arrived at his door he was a corse inside the chair. The bearers. seeing that he was already dead, were unwilling to carry back the chair, and a great clamour was made about it; afterwards, forty dollars having been paid for the chair, they immediately burnt it. on the 11th day of the present moon (8th April: ) The Nan-hae-heen, iºn; prayed for rain, forbade the killing of animals for food. The butchers, however, sold their meat secretly. On the 12th two of them were detected in selling by the Nan-hae-heen's runnels, who seized, and brought them before the magistrates. They were immediate- ly punished by twenty blows, and sentenced to wear the ollar and be publicly exposed for one month at the Hwang temple. - The Kwang chowºfoo has stuck up a notice at his office stating, that the examinations will cominence on the 18th of the moon (tomorrow). At the Foo exa: minations all the students of the Heen examinations must collect together early, that their names may be malked for admission into the public hall. If at the appointed time any do not arrive, but come later and then petition to be admitted, decidedly it will not be allowed. April 13th. For the last two or three days a long line of black vapour has been observed on the stones in the middle of several streets in the city, which has surprised and alarmed the multitude : and many have gone with lanterns to observe it narrowly. This is quite true ( says our chinese informant ). Knives and water have both been used to scrape or wash it off, without effect. On the 14th of the moon (the 11th instant ), this line of vapour was seen all the way from the western gate of the city to Te woo-foo street. It is not discernible in the day time, which is most extraordinary. There are different opinions concerning it. It is generally said that it is an indication of calamity by water, because water harmonizes with the colour of black, therefore a black vapour is a water-prognostic. It is said that the same appearance has been already observed at Fuh-shan, a large town distant about forty chinese le from Canton. IM prison Ed LINGUIsts. We are extremely sorry to state to our readers that the two linguists Kwan-ho (Atom, ) Yuen foo (Aheen, ) who were apprehended by the local government last september (having been implicated under the charge of chinese constructive treason), have lately been sentenced to exile. The unfortunate Aheen has incurred the severest dis- pleasure of the rulers of Canton, and is fated to undergo a punishment worse than death to a chinese; he is chung- keun peen-cae; sent to the ranks beyond the frontier: i.e. he is to be a slave to the tatar soldiery. The cause of this cruel and unjust sentence (for it is founded upon a false charge brought against him by the officers – a charge which they know to be false-namely; that lºrd Napier came in captain Rees's shºp, the Lord Amherst,)— is his being denounced as a Han-keen—a traitor to his emperor and country; and we may here observe that the words, Han-keen—chinese traitor—convey a much more intense meaning of uncaritableness, selfishness, faith- lessness, ingratitude, tr. achery, rebellion, and all the other unnatural crimes committed by that man who betrays his country, than our word – traitor. In chinese ethics, the Han-keen violates all the duties of social life; his want of fidelity to his emperor is ingratitude towards his father; he is the evil principle, the adversary of order, law, government, and of all human relations, personified. Judge, then, what must be that government which can knowingly institute a false charge of treason; pursue it to u sentence, and let that sentence take its course. Atom is only banished from the provincial city for three years, as having been the head linguist when lord Napier arrived, and for his negligence in that office, because he allowed him to arrive in the Lord Amherst. The lenity shown to Aton is attributed tº the liberal use of palm-oil; and by a further application of this unguent he may pro- bably obtain a remission of his sentence. Mr. Jackson's personal servant and the pilot employed last year by the Lord Amherst, have received the same sentence as Aheen. Thus, four men in the service of foreigners—for the linguists may in same sort be called our servants — have incurred the displeasure of their government and consequent punishine nt (three of them in extreme degree) for having been in that service, and for doing their duty. Are we not, then, called upon to protest against the exercise of such sickening tyranny! It is very probable that all our endeavours to save these men from their dreadful exile may be unavailing; still, is it not our duty to place on record our attempt by presenting in a body at the city-gate, proofs of their innocence, petitions in their favour, and our solemn protest against the accusations, trials and sentences?— There is yet time for the performance of this duty; governor Loo is now in the neighbouring province of Kwang-se, leviewing the troops, and will not return to Canton until THE can Ton REGISTER. next month; on his arrival, the sentences will be put in execution. Let us, then, see whether the foreign com- munity of Canton are not held in greater estimation and respect than is supposed even by themselves, or avowed by the government. The cause is a good one; the ceremonious punctilios of chinese official life will not be disturbed by any attempt to shock the F. of the buttoned and peacock- feathered officers by claiming an equality of rank and station. We shall simply be humbly presuming to set the government right on points concerning which they must have been mis-informed; for, can it be conceived that such dreadful punishments shall be suffered to fall upon innocent persons?—No!—When Loo sees the determination of the foreigners, if their representations to him are fruitless, to submit the truth of this case in a petition to H. l. M. transmitted through the governor of another pro- vince, either of Fuh-keen, Che-keang, Keang-nan, Shan- tung, or even Pe-che-le, he will listen, if not to the still small voice of conscience and reason, at least to the trun- pet-call of fear and self-preservation. We think that there is now a proud opportuntiy for the foreign merchants to prove their national character, to erase former stains, and to energe from that slough of despond and contempt into which the neglect or imbecility of their separate govern- ments have plunged them. We should feel proud if we could draw the attention of the foreign merchants to the case of these ill-treated men, which we have thus feebly endeavoured to advocate. Success or failure in the attempt will be equally honora- ble; but success will prove that the trade can, in some de- gree, protect itself; and this fact once established, how fast improvements will follow, if the spirit of union on all con- mon questions is cherished!—The moral effect of the at- tempt only on the government and people will be incalcula- ble. Indeed, the more we consider the matter the more we are inclined to think that we have too hastily concluded that any of our efforts may be unavailing; we recall the misplaced and cowardly doubt; we shall succeed; we shall save these men to their families: of this we are so convinced that we could support it with the asseveration of “my uncle Toby.” If any other persons feel as confident as we do on this subject, the duty of the foreign community is clearly indica- ted: and should they neglect this great opportunity of doing so much good to others—of self-justification—and of the windication of common rights—they will become a party to the cruel and tyrannical measures of this government, share the guilt of it's officers, and be exposed with them to the execration of the people. ENGL1sh MARKETs. By letters from Manila we have learnt the following intelligence. the brig Sagueway had arrived at Manila from Liverpool, with dates to the 29th of october. Some teas imported from Singapore per Columbia went off at an average advance of 4d on precediug sales, until they came to a lot declared to be spurious Bohea, when a discussion took place between sellers, buyers and brokers, and the sale was stopped. It is supposed that the objectionable parcels were teas imported in Junks into Singapore- The common's house of parliament was burnt about the 20th of october, supposed to have been done by incendiaries. Parliament had met and was prorogued to the 25th of november. The Sorerega, a new bark belonging to Glasgow, arrived on the 29th of march at Manila from Batavia. The expected junk from Nanking had arrived in Manila bay. Sever i shipowners of Manila, employed in the rice, trade, petitioned the governor to prohibit the exportation of rice and paddy in foreign vessels; but the governor promptly and officially replied that the trade should be free to all flags until it appears there is an actual scarcity. It is thought at Manila that the question is settled for some years. - Portugal. Don Pedro is dead and the Marquis Palmella regent; public affairs were going on satisfactorily, and the state of the country was pros- perous. Splin. Don Carlos was rather gaining strength, and it is said Dom Miguel is with him. The following ſetter from a known correspondent states that the ships at Lintin have the authority of the chinese naval officers to remain at that anchorage. We agree with the writer in thinking that this is a very important admission, although it is in direct con- tradiction to the eighth regulation of the edict lately issued from the hoppo's office (Wide Register No. 13, page 48). This permission puts an end to all accusations as to smug- gling on the part of the foreigners. We shall not go into the question how far Lintin belongs to China, or any detached portion of the territories of any country belongs to it if that country cannot hold by it's own power and defend at the peril of war all it's possessions. It cannot be doubted that the governors of Kwang-tung. Fuh-keen, and the other maritime provinces of China, could put a stop to the trade at Lintin and along the east coast, if they had talent and nerve to combine and direct their forces to that end; or rather if they were so minded. But no:—they are fully convinced that the orders they receive from Peking are not to be literally interpreted; and it is a well understood arrangement that the foreign trade is to be made to supply, by all manner of means, the deficiencies of the government salaries, from that of a governor of a province down to those of the tidewaiters of the hoppos. The government of China, then, is the universal smuggler!—It allows it's oilicers to con- travene it's own laws; winks at all their delinquencies; and encourages a contraband trade not only by impossible and ridiculous restrictions, but even invites it's own functiona- ries to engage secretly in it. The government of China is like the Eleusinian mysteries: there is an esoteric and exoterio doctrine. Our initiation into the former is going on by degrees; and as we advance in the profound arcana we doubt whether the emperor and his officers will not think it politic to admit us into the priest-hood. The pusillaninity of the chinese masters of the four seas, referred to by our correspondent, is amazing. A war-boat carries a number of men, well armed with shields, pikes and other weapons. That one European and four Lascars in a jolly boat should drive these fellows where they liked is almost incredible; but such is the ſact, although utterly unaccountable. The men employed in the army and navy of China must be the most worthless of the nation; and we do not believe we should do the officers, civil and military, any injustice if we applied the same epithet to them. Brig...... Lintin, March 31st, 1835. To the Editor of the Canton Register. My Dear Sir, - Having lately had occasion to anchor off Chuenpee for a few days, we were a good deal bothered by mandarins coming alongside to make enquiries as to our intentions. Receiving no satisfactory answers, they told us we must immediately depart, or that a war junk lying at anchor in shore would drive us out, as no vessels were allowed to proceed so far up without a license and pilot. Our answer was simply, that it did not yet suit our con- venience to depart, and that if the war junk troubled us we should certainly repel force with force. Yes, they said, that is true; but you are not permitted to remain here, and we shall get into trouble, if you do not go away. Why do you not go to Lintin, which is the proper anchorage for outside vessels. Now, Mr. Editor, this last is what I wish to draw your attention to: that a inandarin of some rank with mandarins of an inferior rank in attendance, pointed out the Lintin anchorage as being the proper anchorage for outside vessels, that is, vessels not intending to enter the port of Canton; that he ordered us to go there, and assured us that there we were permitted to reinain. As an instance of the extreme cowardice of the chinese navy, I give you the following, and vouch for it's correctness. In an bay, situated between this and the yellow sea, where an english vessel was lying at anchor, two mandarin war-boats dropped their anchors nearer to her than was thought convenient. A jolly boat, with an officer and four Lascars armed, was instantly des- pached, to insist on their moving farther off; as they appeared disinclined to acquiesce in this demand, the officer boarded the first boat and seized the whole of her arms, both great and small; then boarded the second boat, tumbled all the great guns overboard, seized the small arms, and made both quit the bay. I am, dear Sir, &c. An earthquake reel'd unheededly away. Childe Harold. Canto, iv. Ftanza Lºm. “And such was their mutual animosity, so intent were they upon the battle, that the earthquake, which overthrew in great part many of the cities of Italy. which turned the course of rapid streams, poured back the sea upon the riºr; and, tore, down the very mountains, was not felt by one of the combatants. Such is the description of Livy. It may be doubted whether modern tactics would admit of such an abstraction. (Notes to Childe Harold, Canto iv. ) “We had a little ball the other night at Mrs. Boothby's, and by dancing, did nºt perceive an earthquake, which frightened all the undancing part of the town.” (Horace Walpole's letters to Sir Horace Mann. Leiter ; Whether the passion of the English nearly a century ago for dancing rivalled the ardour of the combatants at the THE QBáAN!!NONI REGIS)[Nº. “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. VOIL. 8. MACAO LOTTERY. - O commence drawing on the 5th of May next. Application for Tickets to be made at No. 1 French Hong and No. 2 Dutch Hong. (Advertisements, see Price Current.) ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N T O N. The British vessels FAlco N, Ovenstone, FRANK Seawright, from Calcutta; and the Sov ER EIGN Campbell, Colon, (Sp.) and SYDEN, (Danish) Burd, from Manila, have arrived. By the Sovereign a report of the speeches delivered at the dinner given in Edinbrugh to earl Grey has been received; but we have not room for any extracts in our present number. The PRovi NcIAL city. April 16th. To day the Nan-hae- heºn has again issued a proclamation severely interdicting the slaughter of animals for food; and all public officers, high and low, are ordered to repair to the altars of the dragon King (the Neptune of China), to supplicate for rain. §. the 18th of the moon (15th instant) the Kwang- choic-foo attended the review of the military shooting on horseback on the eastern parade, and on the 16th he again went to the same ground and superintended trials of skill and strength, such as the sword exercise, lifting weights, drawing the strong bow, &c. To day (21st) the Kwang-chow-foo has forbidden the catching of fish as well as the killing of animals. An imperial edict has been received, dated in the first decade of the 10th moon, directing, it to be proclaimed throughout the empire that in the 8th moon of the present year, by an act of grace, in consequence of the empress-mother attaining her seventieth year, there will be in every province an extra examination of graduates who are candidates for the Keu-jin degree, and in the 3rd moon of next year, an examination at Peking of the successful Keujin men for the degree of Tsin-tsze. The following is an account of the perils of the sea- passage in a chinese fast boat, between Lintin and Macao. The night I left (the 12th), going over in a Lintin fastboat with nine men, we were stopped at 10 P.M. two miles from Lintin, and boarded by athief mandarin smug boat; she contained certainly one hundred men; down each side were planted a row of men, each armed, with a broad long dagger like a Spanish sword; six came on board us, and roused out every portion of the boat; I sat still, and when they had done, I told some of them who spoke English, that “they were fools and would lose their heads”, and I suited the action to the word. Edict Respecting South AMERICAN Doll ARs. Lew, heen of Heang-shan, and acting heen of Nan-hae, raised five steps, and enrolled ten times, and Chang, heen of Yang-shan, and acting heen of Pwan-yu, raised five steps and enrolled ten times, for the purpose of com- municating on the subject of a government, proclamation, On the 14th day of the 2d moon of the 15th year of Taou-kwang (march 12th) we received from the Kwang- chow-foo an official communitation, as follows. On the 20th day of the 2nd moon of the fifteenth year of Taoukwang, I received from the guardian of the prince and governor general of the two Kwang (provinces), Loo, an official reply. It is authenticated that the said heen (the Nan-hae- heen) has united with the Pwan-yu-heen, and they havejointly petitioned respecting their report of their assay of the qualities of the new-fashioned foreign money; and request TUEsday, APRIL 21st, 1835. No. 16.}ºis; that a proclamation be issued on their report. It is already proved to be in general use amongst the hong-merchants, shopkeepers, and brokers. It has been already proved by assay, that the quality of the fowl-money (Mexican dol- lar) compared with the foreign-face-money (Spanish dollar), is inferior in value one candareen, 4tº, and decimals of a cash; that of the tree-money (Bolivian Republic dollar) is superior 1, and decimals of a cash; that of the staff-dollar (Peruvian Republic dollar), is superior 4's and decimals of a cash. In compliance with the regulations of the 5th year of Taou-kwang ( 1825. Wide Register No. 3, page 10. ), le (cash) are to be the limit: i.e. the decimals are to be cut off. I have ordered the Kwang-chow-foo and the two Heens (Nan and Pwan) to issue an explicit pro- clamation. Hong-merchants, artificers, soldiers, and people respectfully obey the orders respecting the qua- lities and currency of each dollar. Such are the cir- cumstances. This coming to me, the Kwaug-chow-foo, it is pro- per that I enjoin the commands, prepare a document, and order the Heens immediately to issue an explicit proclamation (that the) hong-merchants, artificers, military, and people respectfully obey the orders respecting the qualities and currency of each dollar. Do not oppose. Such are the ciscumstances. This coming to us, the Heens, we obediently issue an explicit proclamation, for the purpose that the . merchants, artificers, shop-keepers, military, and people should fully inform themselves thereof. Henceforth, all of ye (the above-named), in the currency of the new- fashioned fowl, tree, and staff-money, are to observe the above proportions (which are again repeated). There is in the Kwang-chow-foo's office standards of the assayed dollars. It is absolutely necessary that all respectfully follow the dif- ferent currencies. It is not allowed to deceive by inferior and false money, purposely to cause difficulties. After this proclamation, if any dare oppose, or are denounced, or detected, they will be immediately seized and punished. Decidedly, indulgence will not be allowed. All should obey with trembling awe. Do not oppose. A special edict. Taou-kwang, 15th year,3d moon, 14th day. (April 11, 1835.) We recommend the foreign mercantile community of Canton to memorialize the emperor, to order, by his imperial edict, that the dollars of all the South American States be received as currency throughout the empire. Without this exertion on their part, we fear the circulation of all coins, excepting the old Spanish dollar, will be confined to the province of Canton. SYLPH'S OPIUM. A meeting of the consignees of the opium taken out of the Sylph by the company's cruizer Clive, shipped on board the Sophia, and brought by that vessel on to Lintin, was convened by circular, and held at the house of Dada- bhoy Rustomjee, the consignee of the Sylph, on the 16th inst. Mr. Jardine in the chair. A letter from Messrs A. L. Johnston & Co. and Mr. D. L. Shaw, of Singapore, to Messrs Thomas Dent & Co. and a bill of lading, also signed by Messrs A. L. Johnston & Co. and Mr. D. L. Shaw, which consigned the opium to captain Wallace, and, in his absence, to Messrs, Thomas Dent & Co. and Messrs Dadabhoy & Maneckjee Rustomjee, were put in and read. Various points were mooted: such as the power of Messrs A. L. Johnston & Co. and others, to put themselves in the place of the consignors, or to accept an abandonment; but as the 62 THE CANTON REGISTER. question involved many cases on which none present were prepared to offer an opinion until a further consideration of them, the only resolutions that were passed unanimously were, firstly; that captain Wallace deserved every praise for his couduct in transhipping the opium to the Clive, and for bringing it on to it's port of destination; and secondly, that a deputation of chinese brokers and others should be sent down to Lintin to inspect the opium, and that Messrs Dadabhoy & Maneckjee Rustomjee should arrange and despatch the deputation. The meeting then adjourned to the 18th instant, having fixed that early day to decide upon their measures as soon as possible, in order to enable captain Wallace to fulfil his promise of return- ing to the Sylph, and to endeavour to save her, which captain Wallace conceived to be his imperative duty to the owners of the vessel and the underwriters. ADJOUNED MEETING ON THE 18th APRIL. -- The same individuals, with one or two exceptions, assembled at the adjourned meeting, Mr. Jardine continuing in the chair. The minutes of the former meeting having been read, the chairman requested the opinions of the assembly. In the course of the meeting it appeared to be the general opinion of all present, excepting Mr. Inglis, Messrs Dadabhoy & Maneckjee Rustomjee, and captain Wallace, that the act of the parties at Singapore in making out a bill of lading for goods in transitu, however well intended for the benefit of all concerned, was an illegal and uncalled for proceeding, totally indefensible in it's results, and only to be excused at all as having been done under a misconception of their powers. It was thought generally, that the proper and legal course for captain Wallace, after he had landed the opium at Singapore, was to have taken sole charge of it er officio as master of the Sylph, and to have met the con- signees in China, and then arranged with them as to the mode of receiving payment for the freight and the delivery of the gargo; for all the marks being obliterated, there must be some common agreement as to the delivery. But now, through the interference of parties at Singa- pore, the goods laden on board the Sylph and transhipped to the Sophia, although they have arrived at the port of dis- charge, are not to be delivered to the parties to whom they are consigned, but to captain Wallace, who has in this case specially appointed Messrs Thomas Dent, & Co. and Messrs Dadabhoy & Mianeckjee Rustomjee his agents. There was much conversation on the subject, and captain Wallace offered to deliver the opium to the consignees, provided each and all would deliver up his bill of lading, and guarantee captain Wallace harmless for that act. To this Messrs Dadabhoy & Maneckjee Rustomjee were the only dissentient consignees present; it was objected that their dissent was founded on interested motives, inasmuch that, if the bill of lading from Singapore was acted upon, they would become the consignees of the whole of the Sylph's cargo, and thus be usurping a control over property to which they could show no kind of claim. Messrs Jardine, Turner, and Gibb, record- ed their protest against such a proceeding; and captain Wallace was solemnly warned that he was doing an illegal act, and rendering himself accountable to the consignees and underwriters. After some further consultation, captain Wallace, in a set speech, re-iterated his intentions of acting under the obligations imposed on him at Singapore, and his declaration of having appointed ..iessrs Thomas Dent, & Co. and Dadabhoy and Maneckjee Rustomjee, conjointly, his agents for the disposal of the opium transhipped from the Sylph to the Sophia; with instructions to pay the sums due on policies payable in Canton, and to remit the remainder to Calcutta, to answer the lien of one third, claimed by the Clive for salvage, and ten per cent for contingent charges; thirty five chests of opium having been left at Singapore, to meet the expenses incurred there. This declaration was received with great surprise by the meeting, and it was suggested that an application should be made to H. M. superintendents to detain captain Wallace in China; but nothing on this point was then decided upon. The meeting then dissolved itself. In the course of the evening captain Wallace sent round a circular to those interested in the Sylph's cargo, containing his determination “to act in the manner marked “out for him at Singapore for the realization of the “property in China, and as he was bound to return to “Singapore immediately, he had consigned the goods to “Messrs Thomas Dent, & Co. and Messrs D. and M. “Rustomjee, for realization by public auction as early “as practicable, and had directed them to remit the pro- “ceeds to the Bank of Bengal in Calcutta, to the order “of Alexander L. Johnston, Esq. W. D. Shaw, Esq. “and himself, as trustees for captain Hawkins and all “concerned in the property.” Protests were again entered on this circular. In the course of the meeting, Mr. Inglis, as representing the house of Messrs Thomas Dent, & Co. stated that he accepted the agency thus conferred upon them by captain Wallace, and considered that Messrs T. Dent & Co. had been named in the bill of lading from Singapore only that they might be moderators in the affair between the consignees and captain Wallace; that Messrs Thomas Dent & Co. would, in the usual course of business, charge a commission on all the transactions connected with their duty as agents for captain Wallace in the matter of the Sylph's cargo, but that the commission so charged should be remitted to the bank of Bengal with the sale proceeds, to await the award that might be given at the close of all the proceedings. Dadabhoy Rustomjee objected to transfer the opium to the consignees on their bills of lading on one ground, namely; that the opium consigned to him was old, and therefore more valuable than the rest: this objection was met by the proposal ot sort the opium, if it should be found possible so to do in the course of the sale; and to render separate account sales of each kind of opium; but this proposal was not received. The consignees at Macao had no opportunity of declaring their sentiments owing to the speedy departure of captain Wallace. The foregoing is a sufficiently correct detail of what passed at the two meetings. The result has given general dissatisfaction, and occasioned great surprise to all concern- ed, except to those who benefit by the singular determina- tion of captain Wallace. The course marked out to him, both by law and usage, appears to be plain. His vessel is stranded; there is a salvage-loss; the goods are transhipped— being all one commodity of different qualities and under different marks, which latter are obliterated—and are brought to the port of destination; the consignees meet, and the numerical majority, as well as, we presume, the majority of the goods, are willing to adopt any method that can meet the difficulties of the case, and to give captain Wallace, every possible acquittance, by delivering up their bills of lading, and by other means, if desirable; but they want and claim the possession of their own and their constituent's property, and endeavour to prevent any third party coming between them and the consignors; but from this and all other arrangements they are precluded by captain Wallace acting upon the advice of parties at Sin- gapore and here, and endorsing over a bill of lading which attaches property in transitu from the consignor to the consignee. We do not profess to give a legal opinion in this case; but we cannot help thinking that captain Wallace has made himself liable to an action of trover from every one coneerned in the Sylph and her freight. And we shall endeavour to collect in as small a space as possible some rules and opinions that bear on this subject from the authorities we possess and have access to. As a general rule, the right to abandon must necessarily depend upon the amount and not on the cause of loss. The insured are not bound to abandon in any case, and if sales are made adversely against the insured, or even if it were made by the master in case of extreme necessity, the insured would be entitled to recover for a total loss, without notice of abandonment. (Hughes on marine in- surance, page 387. ) THE CANTON REGISTER. The adjustment of a partial loss on goods sea-damaged, is by a comparison between the gross produce (not the net proceeds) of the sound and damaged sales; for the under- writers have nothing to do with prices, nor with losing and saving markets; and—“The insurer is not always in the “place of the assured; he is only guarantee to him for the “damage that may happen to the thing insured.” (Valin. Stevens on Average. passim.) The disposal however of the cargo by the master is a matter that requires the utmost caution on his part. He should always bear in mind that it is his duty to convey it to the place of destination. This is the purpose for which he has been intrusted with it, and this purpose he is bound to accomplish by every reasonable and practicable method. Every act that is not properly and strictly iu furtherance of this duty, is an act, for which both he and his owners may be made responsible; and the law of England does not recognize the authority of any tribunal, or officer, acting upon his suggestion or at his instance; but will scrutinize their acts as much as his own. A sale is the last thing that the master should think of, because it can only be justified by that necessity, which supersedes all human laws. If he sell without necessity, his owners as well as himself, will be answerable to the merchant and they will be equally answerable if he places the goods at the disposal of a Vice Admiralty court, in a British colony, and they are sold under an order of the court. such a court having no authority to order a sale. And the persons who buy under such circumstances, will not acquire a title as against the merchant, but must answer to him for the value of the goods. When the ship has arrived at the place of her destination, the master must take care that she be safely moored or anchored, and report his ship and crew, and deliver his manifest and other papers to the proper officers, according to the law and custom of the place, and without delay deliver the cargo to the merchant or his consignees upon production of the bills of lading and payment of the freight and other charges due in respect of it; and he has no right to detain the goods for wharfage, if the consignee tenders the freight, and requires them to be delivered over the ship's side &c. (Abbott on ships). We have looked through several books, but have not met with any case where the master declined to deliver up the goods to the consignees only because the marks were obliterated; and appointed his own agents to sell the goods, and to remit the proceeds to a bank where they must be totally beyond the control of all parties interested, either consignors, consignees, underwriters, or agents. By this act of captain Wallace it appears that no alternative is left to the consignees who are insured but to abandon; and should any consignee not be insured his property is arbitrarily detained from him and placed under the control of others for a time to which, at present, no limit can be surmisad. And through this forced abandonment the under- writers will—contrary to legal maxims—profit by the wrong done to the consignees, and be benefited by the saving market and prices in China: which the law never con- templated for them; for it should be remembered that the principles of assurance are for the benefit of the assured, not of the assurers. And where parties are willing to receive their damaged goods, to ascertain the damage, and claim only for it from the underwriters, that course which prevents such reception and adjustment, and removes the goods from the control of the only parties interested in them, namely: consignors, consignees, and underwriters, must be illegal. We think captain Wal- lace should have remained in China, and followed the directions of the majority of the consignees in number and property; it would have been as easy to ascertain the portion of the opium due to any particular dissentient consignee as it is to calculate a particular average from the gross produce of the sound and damaged sales. The plea of hastening to the assistance of the Sylph is not valid; for she is already in the charge of the agents of the in- surance offices; and at this present moment may be either a total wreck, or lyiug in Singapore harbour. If it is possible to float her off the reef, the attempt will not be delayed until captain Wallace is present. His private affairs may call him to Calcutta, but we presume to think that his duty to the owners and freightors of the Sylph should be first discharged; and that that duty would be more efficiently and satisfactorily discharged in China– where the freight of the Sylph now is—than in Calcutta. However, captain Wallace has followed the plan recom- mended by his advisers in Singapore and Canton. The result will prove whether that advice was sound, either in law or usage. We have copied from the Bombay Courier of the 13th of dec. the correspondence between lord Napier and the Parsee merchants in Canton in the month of 63 september last year. We first saw this correspondence on the 3rd of January, in the Singapore Chronicle of the 13th of no- vember. Now that we have possession of the opinions of the Bombay Courier and Bengal Hurkaru on the consistency of the men and the policy of their measures, we think it may not be uninteresting to the public—and particularly to our distant readers—to submit the whole in one view to their reflection and judgment. THE PARSEE MERCHANTS AT CANTON. We publish to day some correspondence, which has not hitherto appeared in print, between the Parsee merchants at Canton and lord Napier, relative to the late stoppage of trade at that port. This we believe has been sent to us as a justification of the course pursued by the former on the above occasion. The Parsees, however, it is to be observed, together with the British residents in China, agreed in the most formal manner to refer the China authorities to the Superintendent on all offi- cial matters, and stated their determination to consult his wishes and regulations as far as they had then been made known. Had this firm and politic step been followed up, as there was reason to suppose it would be, at the time it was taken, the result, there is ground to believe, would have been satisfactory. The Chinese were startled at the unanimity they found prevailing where previously they had seen only discord and opposi- tion, and signs of vacillation were apparent in their measures. At this critical juncture, they discovered a portion of the commercial community against which they were acting disposed to give in. They seized the favorable opportunity—a meeting was proposed at the Consoo house, and the Parsees, who, only a few days before had resolved to have nothing whatever to say to the Hong merchants on public matters, attended in a body, entered into a long discussion regarding lord Napier and the trade, and finally took upon themselves to forward a chop, or sort of mandate from the Chinese Government, to his Lordship. Now, how this can be defended on any grounds whatever we do not see. We are given, indeed, to understand from their letter to lord Napier that the Parsees apprehended the most dreadful consequences to their constituents from a continuation of the restrictions on trade; and that they were bound, therefore, in justice to those constituents, to adopt the course they took. But this can hardly be admitted as an excuse for the violation of a solomn engagement; and moreover, it does not appear that their constituents were differently situated from the constituents of the English merchants in Canton, who remained stanch; or that they, themselves, would have suffered more in proportion than others.-(Bombay Courier, 13th December.) - Dadabhoy Rustomjee and other Parsee merchants, or their friends at Bombay, have published a correspondence which took place between them and lord Napier, from which it clearly appears that the Parsee merchants at Canton, in opposition to the earnest recommendation and request of his Lordship and their own formal agreement, attended the meeting at the Consoo House to which they were invited by the Ho merchants. This of course had the effect of weakening the hands of the Chief Superintendent, and strengthening those of the Chinese by showing that lord Napier was not supported unanimously by the body of British merchants. We notice the fact only for the purpose of bringing into view every circumstance that led to the unfortunate result. We cannot but regret that so respectable a body of merchants as the Parsees, as British subjects enjoying the protection of the British Government, should have thus virtually leagued with the Hong merchants in opposi- tion to the only legal authority which they were bound to recognize— Bengal Hurkaru, 30th December.) To the Right hon’ble Lord NAPIER, Chief Superintendent of the British Trade in China. My lord, we, the undersigned Parsee merchants, beg leave respectfully to address your lordship on the subject of the extreme difficulties in which we find ourselves involved by the present position of affairs between your lordship and the Chinese government. In common with all British subjects we hailed your lordship's arrival here with joy, and looked for the happiest result to the trade and wellbeing of fore- igner in China. We did not expect that the change in trade could be brought about without some difficulty, and were prepared to postpone our individual interests to the general good. We received the first order of the stoppage of the British trade as one of the customary measures of the Chinese govern- ment in such cases, and thought it would soon yield to your lordship's lineasures. we can, however, no longer conceal from ourselves that the affair has as- sumed an appearance which does not hold forth promise of early adjustment; and we therefore respectfully lay befere your lordship this our memorial, and point out to your lordship the dreadful consequences which must result to Sur constituents, whose interest we are not authorized to colomit by any act of our own, and whose commercial existence may perhaps depend upon the consequences which must ensue to them if the present stoppage of the trade be not speedily removed. The months of august and september are those in which the principal sales of Cotton, &c. are made here, and the chinese buyers, though accustom- ed to the arrival of several ships at a time, may form most dangerous combinations against the importers, when the large quantity which will arrive during the present difficulties comes to be brought into market at once. 66 II. Row AN CATHolic Mission IN Cº in A. Preliminary. i. Misionaries. 2. Papal legates to China. Charles Thomas Maillard de Tournam; Charles Ambroise Mezzabarba; Two Carmelites. SUPPLEM extan Y C : A PTER. Description of the city of cantox; republished from the Chinese Repository, with the editor's permission. What could not properly be e-bodied in the cursory descrintion of distinct matter has been added in an Apperdix. The work wiłł 'e enriched with four lithographic prints: two of then representing the fºntral rºorºnt of St. Francis Xavier, erected on the island Gaa-shan, or St. Moºn; two are plans of Macao; one of then diavi, probºb!, in 1695, the second deliº eated in 1834; one to face the other. The frontºshiece of the wor's exhibit: a lithographic view of the great anſ.in place “Praya grando” at . . ºran. A cº, icus index will reſer the realer to the contents o' tº, 2 vºor', which will make cut, it is supposed, from 350 to 373 pages in full size octavo, in- cluding the supplement. Were the author in his formiar prosperous situation, he would have sºrt his manuscript to the press without troº’iling arºdy; but hºs inability compels him to solicit assistance. Mary years ago be employed tº pº’i. part of his property in establising a Free scº ox! in which children - ºt. sexes, whose ſ arents were unable to deſray tile expenses of their education, are taught, together with reading and writing, t're history and geogre; 'iy of their native country (Sweden), and alº arithrie.c, drawing, &c. so : as may be useful to yout!.s, whose future destratiºn s.ail be to ev, themselves in any branch of the mechanical arts. Ily the irst report from the directors of the Free-school, the founder haſ the satiº. learn that 221 boys were under the daily tuition of ºn excellent º the Lancastirn method (a house was prepºring for the edicºt. girls). Forty nine boys had that very year left tº.e Institution, vº ºne tºey had previously been instructed, by hired masters, in the .irc. princi,'es of different mechanical occupations; and they were then, accorv.;; choice, placed with mechanics, at whose hands each of the in Scay acq the requisite instruction for intellitent work:nºn. The residue 6, In, little fortune has variºsi. my friends and acquaintances. ', be necessary nea- work will, confiden ly hope, he fracted by the bºrº foreign community at Cantoſ, acº Macao, and of ry di tance among Portuguese philanthropists. To the former, a sº shall be presented, and an advertisement in the Chronicº de l’. published, inviting the Portºgºese ge.:lemen, who ºr honor me, or, in Iny absence, J. G. Uſ!, ºr, Esq. of ſecto, v, it Tº designating the nºmber of topºes which riº be recºred. For tº: 3 ºn- those Gentlet.eu who may not lºve fee’; the circº tººd 'is', a lºº. . ; ; ºnl subscription will be open at the cºice of John Slºve, tº . Fºi, ºr oſ ºse Canton Register, and another at tº authº.'s house, or, i.e. º.g. abscºt, at that of J. G. Ullman, ºsq. Should subscription lig’s ºr hereºfter deposited to: p. ccs, it ... tºr be duly announced in the pub.c ºr rers. The price of the work wiłł be tºo dººrs, pnya’ The net proceeds of [...a book are intended fºr : y :c stitute a permanent Fund; the annual interest of yºu...' - into the purchase of treatists and books, which tºach how to gº, I'ſ rºº improve the operations of tºe mechanic..! arts, i, y drºrees & cº. All Iorºy will thus be formed, by which the you: ; men, who , 'd tº lº), a 3 of being brought up at nº school, end ºt::ces of: º, …, xi.;, ºr cº-- siderably advorce their knowledge, aid beco...e eli.c.e., an i cºal ave members of society. Ali; RE., I.J.J. CST:...T. Macao, 20th December, 1834. - *====== a +2+--------------- ********** ~ *- : ***** ---------> . . . . . ..."-- --> ALL LETTE is ºf bº. Pos, PAID. | — (ſ. ~ - T : *rī -- C CA IV 1' 9 II. The only reported arrival, sºce or last, is the Ame- ircan ship slip M. Aſ Y, captain ºur', er, f on New-York the 20th of Hovei.iber. We Save tº 5: ..eard that she has brought any intelligence of importance from A:nerica or Europe. Mr. Inglis presents his compliments to the editor of the of the Canton is egº-ter, and begs that he will record in the next number of that periodical: “That be is made, in the report upon the proceeding, “at the public meeting about the Sylph's affairs, to exºress “an opinion on the legality and propriety of the transac- “tions at Singapore, which he never intended to express, “and which Leither he nor those with whom Le acts appear “to have expressed, according to the secretary's report.” 22nd April, 1835. - We beg to be permitted to remark on the a!ove coº- munication, simply, that the canse of it appears to be jºure a matter of illogical inſe: ence tha: of direct assertion. We said in our last number that the act of the parties at Singapore in making out a biſi of lading for goods is transitu, appeared to all the meeting, except Mr. Inglis and Messrs. D.&M. Hºustomjee, to be illegal: but we think it is a non-sequitar—that it does not logically follow—to assert that we said those gentlemen expressed an opinion either º, C.A.T.T. C.T. º.º.º.º.º. on it's legality or propriety. In fact, at both the meetings, L. Rustomjee was altogether silent; and at the first meeting— if we remember rightly—Mr. L. Dent & Mr. Irglis declined to express any opinion on the acts of the parties at Singa- pore; and M. r. . nglis observed the same line of conduct at the last meeting. We are, therefore, quite willing to clear tº the obscurity of our expressions; and we regret that our report s.cu'd have been considered in any way either as too redºndant or defective, to convey to our readers a true and faithful accornt of what passed at the meetings, and of the opinious and sentiments of those who were present, on tie aſſair of the ty'pl;'s opium. S. L.P}X'S OPIUM. Tzar Mz. Tr:Trr, to the present prºse of aſ hirs the pnblic are much obliged to this ques- tion as a coºrce of cºn errotic.". 'ca'ad, it amuses mcgreatly. * º, Canton, getting a captain Robert Wallace ...is o. aſi.g. brit. This captain Wallace runs ºrmonsºs a cº-thin Iławkins and certain Singa- : a gent}r:mºn, ...o Inºy , ºtt have nº more right to at the ºn-insure; original ship, ers than they have to represent - These parties re-end the opium on a new craft, in Wallace, of the Sylph, doſſing his cºributes, apprºrs on the - - ºr frty 'e bºre signed his pº rºos tº E r º Čer'; eſtlis :: 2:... crº-fi as consºriºs o' th' . :* - fºr and Jºnd himself to zroyect and dº ºr to twenty other parties cºnsº, -º-º-º-ed, stepson board he 3ºlia, at Lintin, ~d tº ºccº; is a tº place. “: h--, tº a cºst. ... as a y, i.' oriºr or ’33rd: if so, herº is my ºf irº for 9 chrº, ºg.…' by cºta... ', witace; let ºne have my cº, I gº brºt a 3.04.” - ... as wºrd cºns ºr cºnsifies Wallace, ºn says—“gº crºtt have ºr c ºr cº, tºi. Iº, ics cºcººns one tº "rºc; cºnd I am cºntain jº. - ... a grº, each cºast ºting $15 Cº. — Me, y sell; i.ere cre tº . . ſars, reservin ºr fºr " 2nt." —“Eaſt t' ºr f':erº is the ºpiº.” ſci: it.”—“Coº?, Hº ; "—" T tºo ºrct.”——“Rere it in. Gºd -e ºry opiº.”—“Oh iſ 'ot ce: some f ends lºane Neen :::: i , , ºne, a 3 I nº tº ea tº ºn coºliºsion.” t.in' in ºf p, ope, g beiº dº royed by sa”-water, I ; but ra'er than hºve Celay or vºcrás, though … ºpium-sellºr, here is toº coºliscog, 312 pºrchest more, – ; ; ; ;… give ine my property.”—“{* …--3 va see. I have cqreed to scº ºil 5, gº ºn, c, a lod– c q i in tº Šank of Ecºat.”—“But I have cºcº sº. 2 … :: *, *y Prºv2.ſº sº. 6... as to Bºgºl, Ji', cc- cºpº, c. cºli, 3 ºuc, tº cº, without the returns ºf this coitº, I can- *-*. cº sº. for ºt, litt I voºr cºxor.” No.7, r. I'itor, I did cons...or it the dºtſ of a cºntain of a vessel, even on is: irºs, to carry on her cargo until tº rºd ºf her to "ge: .ºre, the emi cºncs; c.º.º. are made of ºvery charge and eaſºnse; but, instead of Joº-erº to his own signature, he grasps all. Cºcá hen-oasi-. IF. Titor, are we in a large commercial mart, depen- art on goo; ºth for our existence as merchan's:--Or are we in the ..ºe Jºse:::-Ce: tain it is that no leader of a Chap; 6... would have bºa, c. 29 ºtrociously to a captured caravan, as this sea-cºaia has to the ow.ºrs of His nich wrecked cargo. The captain of the Cººport would have ºut cr: a certain ransom; and, it being paid, he would have said:— “Co in peace.”—He would not have done as this sea-captain does: take glº-A: sneeringly tell us:—Cope to the autumn fair at Delhi, Gokhara, ; Cairo, and I will in.orm you what portion of your own you are to receive back—Tor to us, tie bank of Bengal is so. Canton, 22nd April, iS35. A SUFFERER. ſits, ºr ºn o ºr n ::... ºr "ct. d TH: E PROVINCIA L CITY. The long-continued drought is becoming a matter of serious in portance to the clinese: both the government and * : aid talk of little else. Fears for the the people tº fattire are excited in a great degree, and t.e dread of iºne...ding cºlºgities disturbs the clinds of this vain, self- su...ciect peºe. Catl.e 28th cºſ the moo!, (sºurday, 25th inst.) the Kiccº-cºot-ſoo issued the following ludicrous document, by which he as drawn upon himself the general ridicule of tle people of Cºntou. P.can, tºe Kwang-chotº foo, issues this proclamation. Now, the heavens for a long time have not sent down rain ; the drought is complete; prayer and sup- plication are without effect; and all hearts are dried up with a burning grieſ. Within the boundaries of I wang-tung is there not one extraordinary man, one wonderful scholar, able to drive away the dragon, and bring rain down from heaven?--Therefore, I proclaim to all | T. C.A.T.T.C. within the province, military, people, and all others, for their full information, that it will not be discussed whence he came, or whether he is of the feathered caps (Taou. sect), or dark silks (Budhists), should he be able by the powerful use of his magical arts to cause the sweet and fructifying showers of heavento descend; and I, the Kirang-chow foo, with a! due ceremonies, will regrest him to ascend the altar, and will offer to hiºn sincere wors!...ip and prayers; after rain has been obtained, votive tablets will be abundant'y offered, to pablish and illustrate his praise, Hasten, then, to the suinºnops; lose not the accepted tire. A special edict. The next day (Sºday, the 26th ºrii) the ſolic wing Pasquinade was attached to the Kican-ciotº-ſoo's earnest invitation. Kwang-chow-tae-show, yew Pwan kung, Ping she tso sze le pull tung. Kin chaou kew ya wooling ying, King jen chuh she ſang kett lung. Mr. I wan is onr noble lord-mayor, But his foolish acts make the people stare; When, in vain, he prays for a rainy day, Iie orders to drive the dragon away. (Signed) A MAst ER-LA Jolier. In the first decade of the present moon, a Fah-keºn man belonging to. A roy, was reºrºg, in the ! drcgow packet, carrying so ºne opium with hiº to seii at the Cºea hills. On the passage, he scolded his servant severely. The servant, being enraged, and knowing where he had concealed the of tºm, when they arrived at Nºn-Jeºng- Colt, denounced hire to the cystom-house officers, and brought them to examine the boat; and in turning out the boxes and cliests they discovered 100 baſ's of j, Žitº-s’ in (Bombay) opium. They indel'iately put the tea merchaut inirous, and forth with carried the ºpium to t.e nºgistrates. The tea-merchant, dreading the coº: sequences, and (', e loss of his reputation, offered a thousend dollars, and earnestly entreated that the aiſair might not be made known to the magistrates. The police consented and released liºn. And his servant, who had obtained a few taels of the money, not daring to return to the boat, ran away. 2: >< ar x r >{ We have great pleasure in layi; before our readers the following extract from a letter from captain Iennedy, of the brig Governor Findlay, belonging to tºe enterp, is- ing house of Jerdine, Matheson & Co. “In turning to windward though the straits of Nimo, on the 2nd of April, at 3 P.M. blowing a strong gale, ve were fortunate in saving the lives of nineteen wretched sufferers (v. hoºvere clinging to the wreck o a junk bºtton- up), with the assistance of a chinese boat, wºos attention we called to their distressed situation. She was a passase-boº", running from the town of Manoa to Tatoo, and had been nºset at day light that moºring will sixty- tight people or board, all of wºrp, I ſºar, re; shed, except the nineteen above accounted for. Several dead bodies near the sui ſace of the water foated past us when at anchor; and one poºr fellow, notwithstanding our most anxious though unskilful efforts, died shortly after he was brought on board. The conduct of my men was very praise-worthy on the occasion; for although it was a sharp, cold day, n any of them stipped of their own clothes for the purpºse of clothing these pºor unfortunates. We were watched through the straits of Nun. ” by two mandarin boats and two men-of-war-junks; one of Canton, and the other on the east end of the straits, an Arioſ junk.” This successful exertion on the part of a foreign vesse! would, in any other country of the world, cal! forth the acknowledgments of the local government; and the relations of the rescued men would know whom to thank for the preservation of the lives of their fathers, hºsbands, and brothers. But in China, although the very seat of corn- passion and mercy, such feelings will never be publicly expressed by the government; but how will they trumpet forth their own good deeds, when shipwrecked mariners are unfortunately cast-away on their shores!—Nevertheless, let this deed be placed on record, to be hereaſter referred to, if necessary, as a proof that the barbarian trade on the east-coast of China is not wholly useless to the Chinese themselves; and if they would learn, both from experience and example, their habits and manners might become humanized, as well as their naval skill and tactics improved. * * - --> * - * r * ~ * ~~~~~~ : , : " " - ... ***** f.; º ***** * * * * **i. 67 - - - - - ... cºnsider iſ a duty due to the memory and character ºf the late lord Napier, always to submit to our readers, in the pages of the Canton Register, every expression of oninion, worthy of attention, titat falls under our notice, concerning his short but eventful administratich in Canton. It is also a duty no iess due to ourse'ves, and the part which the Canton Register has always advocated since tho cominencement of the free trade, to avail ourselves of the approval of the public opinion elsewhere for our own stºport and the defeat of our enemies. It is, therefore, Yiº some satisfaction that we quote the following from the Caſcºida Corrier. - We derive for: car Chica tºne-s some fºrt'.er documents of interrºt relative to the late discussions with lord Napier. Amocº th m is the vice- roy's report to his own government. It would seem that his deportinent tºwards the “barbariºn eye” was a stroke of policy, studiorely shaped to checº our pretensions. “Of lat- (says the viceroy) the coin: ºrcial bºr- bºriº have grºdu:'y assºned a gºat degree of dºing: at this time of commºciº- c. nºw order of things, it is requisite that they should with sever-y be trougºt to order and direct, i.” Put he was most unwilling to core to extremitics, rereºing that ti.e. rerual duties on the English trade alre: produced 5 or 600,030 tae's. “In itself tº is a rects rot the treasuries of the revere to the value of a 'sair or a feather's down; yet the national recoºr-es being of irportance, we dare not neglect to calculate thorously iº devisiº, a coºrse of action.” The document has rather less than the usual ºvgnºn of boºst, and there is something like a confession - wer in the declaration t'ºt “the said birbarians, ercept in guns and fr; ºr lia e not irºs reculiar talet.” ".3 opinion of the chitese upon : : * * * of very little iſ portance. " .. e : h ºf h, oz the su' ject of a tº ſº, º cº- man, is about the fourth letter cºntre ºr tº: rººf ºearly in the s is, which they address- cd to the ºritiſh me, chant; before red any reply. This however they did at fast obtain, Lºt it was only *::on that I (r. Davis, as successor to lord Napier, could alo e take cognize ce ºf the matter. It is to be regretted tº at the merc', ants have nº a'c: ; coi.º.e.' tºmselves to the sial channel, irst rad of communicating sºarately vit': the chiccse func- The Parsee petition to tºe hoºg merchants and the letter of Miesºs. Whiteran ard others, while the trade was ste; ped, preyi.g. that the embargo might be taken off, cannot be regiº'ed otherwise than as a very irregular proceeding, and as tending to comproºice the king's representative in his negoatitions, and to bring his authority into contempt with the chinese. This it is clear they have done to some extent, from the manner in which they are allººed to by the viceroy.—Cºlcutta Courier, January 22. OBJECTIONs to TH: Es. As LisHMENT AND Cox- TINUANCE OF THz. E. I. CoMPANY's AG EN cy I N C III N.A. The lord chancellor, in his speech made at the dinner given in Edinburgh to lord Grey last september, claims for the administration, which succeeded the tory ministry in 1830, the credit of having “emancipated the trade of “India and China from the fetters of monopoly, and placed “on a new and solid and liberal footing the government of “an empire extending over more than seventy millions of “ctºr fellow subjects.” And his lordship complains that what he and his col- leagues have this done,—with other measures denounced also as being no!hinº, but which do not relate to our present stºlject—“is said to be nothing because they “could not make the China trade more open than they have “made it. *** A door cannot be more open than when fung “back to the fit.! swing of it's Ainge—than when thrown “Jack to the wall.” Now, we think, the lord chancellor, on the subject of the opening of the China trade, has claimed much more credit for himself and his colleagues than is due to him or them. The country itself had determined that question, even according to the admission of one of those colleagues, \! r. Charles Grant. And the resu't of their measures for the sperintendence—for the protection and promotion of of that trade has been already exemplified to the world, by which exemplification neither the British name and cha- racter, nor the trade, nor the measures, nor the men who conceived those measures, have gained any accession of reputation. The reliquias of those partial and restrictive measures still fetter the free trade in China, and shut out— albeit the door, according to the lord chancellor, is wide open—from that trade the money of British capitalists: we mean the establishment in China of company's. agents trading for the company in defiance of an act of parliament, 68 THE GANTON REGISTER. which they scruple not to set at naught, contumaciously and contemptuously dis-regarding the laws of their own country, whilst they preach up implicit submission to the hong-merchants and government of Canton. This measure is so utterly weak and contemptible—so easily to be seen through, and so certain to impede the efforts of the func- tionaries depated from the British government to protect the trade in China,-and which it fatally did those of lord Napier—that we cannot acquit lord Grey's administra- tian of having been a collusive party to the opposition and failure of their own measures: if the door was thrown open, the lock still remained, and a passe-partout was given to the directors of the E. I. company. We have premised these remarks as introductory to the following extract from the Calcutta Courier. From these papers (Canton Registers) we also copy a curious document bearing ten signatures of firms and individuals as mem- bers of the newly established British Chamber of Commerce, the object of which is to protest against the company's bill agency in China. We call it a curious document, for we have rarely seen so much ingenuity thrown away in stringing weak arguments together, for the purpose of undoing an arrangement not more advan- tageous to the company than it is beneficial to the general interests of trade, looked at in a comprehensive point of view. From the smallness of the number of signatures to it, we conclude the protest cannot be regarded as speaking the, sentiments of the majority of the merchants, although forwarded to the commission in a letter from Mr. Matheson, as Chairman of the British Chamber of Commerce of Canton, with a request that it should be laid before his Majesty's government in England and the right honorable the governor general of India, which request Mr. Davis, the chief superintendent, promised to comply with. We understand that this government has received the document through the official channel.— Calcutta Courier, January 21. We think the lord chancellor will not be able to defend this arrangement in a more explicit and satisfactory manner ‘than the Calcutta Courier has done: for we consider the foregoing justification curiously weak. Nothing is easier than to call names; to assert that an argument is weak or an arrangement advantageous. But this will not do. In the Statement of Objections (see Register No. 45. Nov. 11th, 1834, ) there are eleven paragraphs, each of which contain an objection to the company's agency in China, calmly indicated and temperately urged. The statement first submits that this procedure of the E. I. company is ..altogether illegal, being an infraction of the Acts 3rd and 4th. William IV. Cap. 85. and if this be true, all the acts of the company's agents are attainted. Now, it was the duty of the writer in the Calcutta Courier to refute the statement in detail, instead of sneering at it; but, as he is evidently a friend to this lawless proceeding, and has not done so, nor even attempted to point out it's expediencv, in a comprehensive point of view, we must conclude that he does not see his way through the question, or that he is unwilling to ruin a rotten case by too much handling. As to the smallness of the number of signatures, we beg to inform the Calcutta Courier that the sentiments of the majority of the merchants are expressed by those signatures; and that those signatures also represent the majority of the British trade to China, and of the private ships that frequented the ports of Lintin and Canton during the year 1834, which were 144, seventy seven of which were consigned to members of the Chamber of Commerce of Canton. And it would have been but just to the argumerit, and candid for the occasion, if the Calcutta Courier had adverted to the following notice in the Canton Register of the 11th of november, introducing the subject of the company's China agency to the consideration of the public. “At the request of some of our subscribers, we publish to day a paper drawn up by the British Chamber of Com- merce, setting forth the injurious consequences that must arise from the continuance, in China, of part of the East India Company's Factory, for the purpose of carrying on dealings in bills of exchange. “As it must be considered an er-parte view of the subject, we deem it right to state that we shall be glad to receive and insert any communications, with which we may be favored on the other side of the question; our columns being always open to the temperate discussion of every subject .* of interest to the Canton community. We may, however, observe that as far as can be judged from the tone of the commercial part of our society, it is seldom so nearly unani- mous as it appears to be on the present occasion. “Of the Canton Firms, whose names are not annexed to the “Statement of Objections” one, we learn, entirely con- curs in it, though accidentally prevented from signing it. Another house (one of the oldest here) has written a letter, which has been sent for our inspection, stating their “opinion is at present strongly opposed to the expediency “of any Company's remittance operations through China;” but as they are “aware strong grounds may be adduced in favor of the scheme,” they wish it to have a fair trial, before opposing it; and they dissent widely from many of the sen- timents in the statement. “Fair discussion having always a tendency to do good, we repeat the offer of the columns of the Register for this purpose.”—(Canton Register, Nov. 11th, 1834.) After re-perusing the statement of objections, and impartially and disinterestedly re-considering the matter, we recommend the Calcutta Courier to take another comprehensive view of the subject. We have the pleasure of submitting to our local readers some extracts from the speeches of earls Grey and Durham and the lord-chancellor, at the dinner given in Edinburgh to the ex-premier. All the speeches contain sentiments and assertions of great importance; and entirely disprove the boasted existence of the spirit of re-action in the British people. The determination expressed by ministers of still being learners is gratifying to the school-master; and we may say, in the words of lord Brougham, that that statesman knows but little of his duty who thinks he can ever close his book and repose on his acquired kuowledge, how- ever great it may be. Should any man be so self-confident and presumptuous in the present age—and wherever the press is free—he will be awakened from his apoplectic sleep— induced by the fumes of food no longer grateful to modern palates—by the thunderclap of the voice of unsatiated millions, craving for subsistence which he cannot supply. because he has not watched the alternations of the mental appetites of his countrymen. EARL GREY. - All this I trust will be corrected, and I live in sanguine hope that we will see, when these feelings have subsided, on the one hand the good sense of the people, on the other, the necessity to make concessions to popular opinion, to the spirit of the age, and to a desire of improvement with increased intelligence and order. This hope I will cherish, notwithstanding many things that have passad—notwithstanding the frantic declarations we have lately heard, not only on the other side of the Irish Channel, but on this coming from men who would provoke a desperate and fatal conflict. they do not see that a temporary success on their part—and even that, I warn them, is impossible—(cheering)—could not fail to entail consequences that would be almost fatal to them and the Constitution. And on what hope is the desperate courage, if courage I can call it, founded ? I am told that a reaction has taken place, or that a change is expected to take place. Many will tell you that it has already taken place—(laughter)—that those who have been eager in the cause of Reform have seen reason to repent their error, have renounced their former opinions, and are ready to embrace those whose every effort was to defeat the measure of Reform that has been atchieved. Reaction vain and delusive thought ! Who can see any symptom of such a state of things? Is it in the approbation that has followed me, so generally expressed by my countrymen since I left England? Is it in the expressions of regret and attachment which I have met with in every step of my way to this lace? Is it, lastly, in the meeting of this day 2 (Immense cheering.) Whatever their vain imaginations may tell them —whatever their wishes may suggest—however false statements may induce some of them to believe such a thing, it is hardly possible that any rational man among them can for a moment believe that any such reaction has any where taken place. No, gentlemen, the good sense and moderation in the people—their attachment to a King who so well deserves all their love —a sincere conviction of that wholesome form of government, the work of a thousand years, by which a degree of liberty has been secured to this country, at least unknown to any other nation of a peaceable and orderly disposition,-of this they may find symptoms enough even in the midst of the most enthusiastic expression called forth on an occasion like the pre- sent. But of a reaction—the advent of this millenium which they so earnestly desire and that happy state of things which they wish to see re-established, and in which corruption was nourished, and liberty repressed —reaction of this nature I am sure they may look for in every part of the country in vain; and take every meeting, great or small, they will find no sympton of it on which any rational man can found. TDIEd. At Canton, on the 23rd instant, Mr. Thomas H. Cabot, of Boston U. S. A. Aged 21 years 23 days. > SU PPI, EIM E IN. T. TO THE e a N e o N at z < * = z + at. CANTON, TUESDAY, APRIL 28th, 1835. LORD BROUGHAM AND WAUX. But, gentlemen, I also owe your kind reception to my Noble Friend having judiciously coupled my name with those of my most respected colleagues, the rest of his Majesty’s Ministers, some of whom are here present, and others not present, will instantly hear of the manner in which you have been pleased to honour them, and I can answer for them that they will be penetrated with the same gratitude which I now feel, and will be incited by that feeling of gratitude to disregard looking behind them except only to take examples by the colleague whose irreparable loss they have lately sustained—(Great cheering)—and to whose unparalleled services this most splendid and unparal’eled national testimonial is now so appro- priately paid ; but looking forward in all other respects, I hope that we shall, by the conſidence of our countrymen, be animated to proceed in the service of the people, supºorted by their conſidence, which is only to be earned by our own end avours, and supported also by the confidence of our master, I repeat our expectation, that we will continue to earn the approbation of the country. (Chºers.) Gentlemen, I have not before had the satisfaction of appeninº bºre an assemblage of my fellow-citizens of Edinburgh—ſ Cheers; since had the honour of being clothed with the attributes of otice. (Ren wººd chºring.) I have before met von in great numbers, upon an occasion vºn Loeral men were not in elevated stations,—when from the heights of State. no encouraging smiles of royal favour were half so discernable as were the frowns, the perennial frowns, under whose mortifying, but hºrmless, shade, we then persevered in our exertions for the people, and flourished notwithstanding.—(Loud cheers.) And I remind you of this in order to satisfy those who may look with an eye of envy perchance to the present meeting, and attribute its numbers to the favour of men in otice, hol'in r the opinions which you are met to-day to testify; but I have reminded you of an occasion in which there was no such pºssibility of misconstruction, for the citizens of Edinburgh flocked together to celebrate, in the shade of opposition, what they now exult over, and trium,' in the sºn shine of success, amd under the patronage of power. (Cheºs.) Cen"emen, upon that occasion I said out of office, (ard at that time with little prospect of ever being in it.) what I am now proud to repeat in the same words I used nine years ago, and which, I can sºv as conscientiously now, after being four years a Minister, as I did then in opposition, “My fellow-citizens of Edinburgh, thºse hands are clean.” (Immense cheering.) In taking office,—i holding it, I have sacrificed no feeling of a public nature, -I have deserted no friend—J have abandoned no principle—I have forfeited no pledge—I have done no jºb—I have promoted no unworthy man to the best to my knowledge, I have stood in the way of no man's fair pretensions to promotion,--I have not abused my patronage, I have not abused the ear of my master, I have not deserted the people ! (Lond and continued cheering.) And because I am of this Mi- nistry, (my Noble Friend is another, and I am one with him who never have feared the people.) I rejoice, and delight, and glory, in office and out of office, in every opportunity of meeting the people, to render an account to them of my steward-ship, and, face to face with them, telling them what I think, even when I may happen to think different from them,-and be vou well assured thºt that statesman only knows half his duty, and has only half learned what belongs to his place, who would rule men, who world administer the affairs of his fellow-su'jects, if he has only learned to light for the people, against the frowns of power, unless he can also, when he thinks the people are ill-advised, do good to the people according to his conscience, and in spite of the people themselves. (Loud cheers.) Gentlemen, such would be the course of my conduct, if unfortunately, it ever happened, and I never yet have seen the day, or the act of the people that could lead me to believe it could ever happen—that and the people should ever seriously differ in opinion. (Great applause.) I entirely agree in all those wise and statesman-like principles which have been so impressively, so clearly, and so convincingly expounded to you by my Noble ºriend who preceded me. Het the Govern- ment of the country, strong in the support both of the Crown and the people, proceed steadily, firmly and untiinchingly, to discharge their duty, by promot- ing the progress of liberal opinions, but let them not be hurried either out of their course to the right or to the left, or onward in their course faster than sound reflection, calm deliberation, and statesman-like prudence entitle them to go.(Loud cheers.) Some men, I know, nay a great number, I have no doubt honest, conscientious men, generally speaking of sound opinions, but some- what unreflecting, and who think that execution and action is every thing; and that all the time spent in deliberation and in preparation is time thrown away, some of those men blamed my Noble Friend and his colleagues in the year before last, which was the session 1833, and said they nºd done nothing during the Session. Why, Gentlemen, a twentieth part of any one of those nothings would have made the fortune of any other Ministry! (Great cheering. The applause here got so loud and frequent, that the Noble Lord, in allusion to it, observed — would take it as a cery particular froºr, my Noble Friend and myself have had certainly a degree of exertion and fatirie, and we are very much exhausted by the conſidence of our fellow-citizens, which has of late brought us into such frequent contact with them, and as I am about to address a few words more, you will allow me to remar'... that this applause must be exceedingly grateful to me, but it may make it dºicult for me to address you to distinctly as I would wish. (Hear.) Gent'en.en, I do not mean, because I don't require, and the presence of my Nobe Friend would restrain me if I had the intention, I say I do not mean to enter on a superfluous panegyric of that extraordinary Session in which we are said to have done nothing for this country, but I only mean to remind you of it, as some thought we were too slow, and did too little in that unparalleled era. Gentlemen, we em incipated the trade ef India and China from the fetters of monopoly, and we placed upon a new, and solid, aud liberal footing an empire extending over 70 millions of our fellow-subjects. * * * * But now, gentiemen, if I differ with them—not doubting their honesty— if I differ with them, only distrusting their overzeal, I differ a great deal more from another class; yes, ten thousand times more. I only differ with them (that is, the first) as to pace, the speed which they go at; but I differ with the others as to the direction in which I am to proceed; for they will either stand stock-still, in order to be safe, or in order to avoid change, will go to the south, while I am going to the north. (Cheers.) Therefore, with them I have an irreconcileable, and if I may use the expression, radical difference. Gentlemen, these men are most unsafe guides, or rather they lead you no where, so much are they afraid of every thing like change, and although they have an improvement in view, it is at such an unmeasurable distance- so far off, that neither their eyes, their children's, nor their granchildren's, with ever be able to descry. Reform on their lips pretends to have no object to commence with ; and as it was formerly remarked, their verb reform, is an imperfect verb which has only got a future tense. (Great laughter.) They say that all ought to be done guardedly and slowly, and in order to make sure of their being most slowly done, they move in such a way that the minutest eye that exists cannot discover that they have changed place at all. Now there is one exertion to which they have no objection—one change—one kind of movement in which they do not dislike any speed, however rapid—I mean their predilection of moving into mischief and retreating backwards. (Cheers.) And never in my life have I heard with greater astonishment than what I heard partially mentioned by my Noble Friend to night, and other friends around me, for I have not read the newspapers of late —I mean the late language of the most frightful, incredible description used by those who profess to be the friends of order—the haters of anarchy and changes, and those who cry out revolution when a bill is brought in to make the slightest amendment or correction of any abuse; and these gentlemen who testify their abhorrence to anarchy, their love of order, and I am afraid, I must add their lust for power and place—(Cheers)—the power which faction has lost in Ireland, and which its brethren in England will never rest satisfied until they have made blood-thirsty-attempts to regain, but which I now look upon as lost for ever, I mean the power of misgoverning the king's subjects for their own profit. (Loud and continued cheers.) Gentlemen, I need not add, that all their speculations about the unpopularity of reform—about the approaching and already beginn reaction which my Noble Friend explained—about the repentance in which the people are said to have made some progress—the repentauce of having supported the reform ministry, and still clinging by that ministry, are all vain and delusive. I can only state, that besides the answer to the doctrine of reaction and re- pontance which this vast assemblage presents here to-day, I have seen, and can tell them most conscientiously, and most truly, that I have seen not one single specimen all over Scotland, and I have traversed it to within forty miles of John-o’-Groat's house, and in all directions, Highland and Lowland, agricultural, commercial, and manufacturing, I have seen not one sample of reaction; and the repentance, if it does exist, hides its head so that I have never yet been able to perceive one single individual penitent all over the country. (Great applause.) Gentlemen, the truth is that you may guess by the rage of those short-sighted and—I should now state freely my impres: sions, for you have heard this evening of those mad, ill-conditioned, and ill disposed men, and, I may say, disloyal subjects, I say their discontent and spite arises entirely from mortified pride, from a thirst of place they cannot shke at the pnblic fountain, and from finding that, though they cry out about the repentance of the people, or the unpopularity of the reform doctrines—they, at all events, cannot tell where this great unclaimed dividend of popularity is to be found, for they cannot pretend that they possess one single fraction of it; and we shall still go on in our course, iirm, incompro- mising, unhesitating, and unflinching. We shall not be hurried on at any other race than we deem expedient for the people, and safe for the measures thems:ves that we are entrusted with preparing. We shall not take any other course on account of any thoughtless clamour from those impatient quarters to which I have already adverted, but deliberately devising what we deem just, necessary, sate, and expedient measures, we shall defy all o, pºsition from the other and the worser class of enemies—those who are against every reform, and who, if they were left to themselves, would renew over the people the reign of terror, and the empire of midnight darkness. (immense cheering.) EAR L DURHAM. The Noble Earl, after expressing his accordance with the general policy of Earl Grey, and at the same time mentioning that he had differed with them on some occasions, as all men of any pretensions to independence must sometimes do, said his Noble and Learned Friend, the lord Chancellor, had been pleased to give some very sound advice to some classes of persons, whom he thought too impatient in their desires for amelioration. Now, I myself. (the Noble Earl resumed) confess that I am one of those who regret every hour that passes over the exist gee of a knowledged and unreformed abuses. (Long and loud cheering.) I am, however, and I have no doubt you will agree with me, perfectly wºling to accept their correction, as dº iberately as our rulers wish, but it must be on one condition, that every measure of , oncession, must be in conforniy with those principles which we have contended for. I, gentlemen, o ject to the compromi ing of those principiºs, not to the deliberation with which they are to be conducted...I 'lie'ſ to the cliptings and pairings, and t e mutilation which must inevitably foilow in attempting to conciliate enemies who are not to be gained—(Great cheering)—and who requite our advances by pointing out our inconsistencies, an abandonment of former friends and principles, and then ascribing the discontent created in our ranks by their proceedings, to the cause that liberal feelings are no longer predominant in the country, and that it has returned to the Tory follies. Against such a course of policy I must ever protest, as pregnant with the worst consequences, as exciting distrust and discontent, when enthusiastic devotion is necessary, (Applause)—and on the other hand, by creating hopes that never can be realized, and placing weapons in the hands of those who will only use them to our destruction, and that of the great and important interests committed to our charge. With this frank and free exposition of my sentiments, which I never have concealed in any position in which I may have been unworthily placed, and which I never will conceal, I say, with this qualificatian, I am ready to agree to the utmost deliberation and ready to place conſidence in the declarations of this night, which will give an earnest of the tranquility which we have not perhaps on late occasions enjoyed. (Loud cheers.). And I am ready to grant such sup- port as an humble individual like myself, may be able to allord. (Cheers.) THE (DATIONDSi Rºtºls, NPR2 “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. WOL. 8. FOR SALE AT THE CANTON REGISTER OFFICE. OTICFS on the BRITISH TRADE to the PORT of CANTON, &c. by John SLApr. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 65, Cornhill. March, 1830. ALL LETTEl-S MUST BE POST PAID. C A N T ON . The American ship Reg ULUs, Vasmer, from London the 14th of november, and Batavia the 12th of march, has, at length, brought us some items of European news, which will be found in our pages, under various heads. THE PROVINCIAL CITY. April 28th. The Kwang-chow.foo has built a rain- supplication altar in his public court, and a Budhist priest ascended it to day, reciting the books of his sect, praying for rain. He appears about forty years old, of a dark com- plexion. He is to continue worshipping and praying for three days, when rain must certainly fall!—Whilst he is chanting his prayers, there are a number of men on each side, beating drums and gongs. On the altar is placed a table, on which are laid out a number of fragrant candles and some clear water. On one side of the table a staff is placed upright. The altar is without any covering to shade his head; and the priest has been exposed the whole day to the heat of the sun, which has been scorching; yet no signs of perspiration have been observed either an his body or face. A great crowd have been gazing at him. It is said that he has not tasted food, and that the heat has increased since he has been on the altar. - The Kwang-chow.foo and others have petitioned the Foo-yuen to shut the southern gate of the city, in order to impede the Le and loosen the Kang, thereby to excite the moisture of the earth. The people are publicly informed of the circumstances. The Le and the Kang, have reference to the occult mysteries of the Pa-kwa, and the shutting of the southern gate is connected with those superstitions. - - 30th. The inefficacy of the prayers of the Budhist priest still continues to excite the ridicule of the people, which has been exhibited in various lampoons, reflecting on the government officers: the following are some that have been brought to our notice Hwang teen chin noo wo Yue-tung; Kew yu woo ling, fan yew fung; Tseay wan, Tsang-jin, kin ke jih? Shang-yang wei keen, yew hokung! - Imperial heaven's dreadful ire upon our land is shed, In vain we ask for genial rains, the wind is sent instead; 0.praying priest of Budha, say, how many days may pass! For should the Shang-yang t not appear, you'll be written down an ass. Another of the lampoons says that; “Our learned mayor and the daring priest annoy and insult the gods, and encrease the crimes of men (by their repeated prayers)." The priest is a native of Sze-chuen province, and has visited Peking; and having learnt the praying-for-rain- craft, his efforts have been efficacious (it is said) in ano- ther district of Kwang-tung province; and the Kwang- ckow.foo, believing his words, permitted him to build an altar, and pray for rain. The priest, seeing that on the TUESDay, May 5TH, 1835. PRICE INTO. 18. }% CENTS { appointed fourth day no rain fell, petitioned the Kwang- chow-foo, requesting another earnest supplication for rain, and then to be allowed to go; but the Kwang-chow-foo refused, being dissatisfied with the numbers of people who were crowding the court, and fearing they might seize the opportunity to create a disturbance. He offered him five dollars, which the priest refused, and went away. The Kwang-chow-foo, fearing that the idle people on the road would insult and laugh at him, sent policemen with him as a guard far as the western gate. It is not known where he rested that night. It is said that on the next day (the 5th) he arrived at the Honan temple. There the priests gave him a bad character, and would not allow him to remain, but drove him away. It is known where he now is. The following lines have been written on the subject. Keen Tsang yin tuh, sung keu fung, yun, luy, yu; Tan kwan woole, kew chub jih, yué, sing shin; The fraudulent priest, lascivious and bald, chanting, drives away the wind, clouds, thunder and rain. The prayers of the avaricious and corrupt officers, cause the sun, moon, and stars to shine. - + A fabulous one legged waterfowl. We have already noticed the destruction, by fire, of the two houses of parliament. The following is an official account of the extent of the damage. HOUSE OF PEERS. “The house, Robing-rooms, committee-rooms in the west front, and the rooms of the resident officers, as far as the Octagon Tower at the south end of the building—totally destroved. * The Painted Chamber—totally destroyed. “The north end of the Royal Gallery, abutting on the Painted chamber. destroyed from the door leading into the Painted chamber, as far as the first compartment of columns. “HOUSE OF COMMONS. “The house, Libraries, committee-rooms, Housekeeper's apartments, &c. are totally destroyed (excepting the committee-roms Nos. 11,12, 13, and 14, which are capable of being repaired.) “The official residence of Mr. Ley (Clerk of the House)—this building is totally destroyed. “The official residence of the Speaker—The State Diningroom under the house of Commons is much damaged, but capable of restoration. “All the rooms from the oriel window to the south side of the house of commons are destroyed. “The Levee rooms and other parts of the building, together with the public galleries, and part of the cloisters, very much damaged. Spain. The civil war is still raging, and with encreas- ed ferocity on both sides. Donna Francisca Teresa of Spain, wife of Don Carlos, died at Portsmouth on the 4th of september, 1834, in the 36th year of her age. - Portugal. The young queen Donna Maria is to be married to her uncle in law, the prince Leutchenberg, son of Eugene Beauharnois, and brother of her step-mother the empress of Brazil, widow of Dom Pedro. A change had taken place in both the French and Por- tuguese ministries, but nothing certain was known of the new appointments. Admiral Napier had taken leave of Donna Maria, and returned to England. - We have published a letter from “Alpha,” remarking on the tenor and language of a “Sufferer's letter in our last number. 70 THE CANTON". IREGISTER. We do not perceive that Alpha has given us an ex- ample of that charity he has advocated so sentimentally in his long letter: he is unjust, both to a Sufferer and to the Editor of this paper. We do not know how long Alpha has been a resident in Canton; or whether he has taken any pains to inform himself of the character of the Canton Register; but, if he will give himself the trouble to look through the last volume for 1831, we think he will be convinced that no ipse dirit of a secret enemy ever has been, or ever will be, admitted into our columns: for Alpha should know that . Editor is answerable to the public for the contents of his paper, and that the mere assumption of a signature does not imply a wish to remain secret, if publicity is required by any interested party Again, a “Sufferer” did not refrain from expressing “his opinion until after the departure from this place “of the person whose character he is pleased to asperse.” A “Sufferer's" letter, although dated in Canton the 22d of April, came from Macao. The “Agnes" did not sal until the 26th, and the letter was published on the 28th of April. Now, the meetings held in Canton respecting the Sylph's opium were on the 16th and 18th of April; the proceedings at both meetings were reported in the Re- gister of the 21st of April. We do not know when the that Register reached Macao; but we think a “Sº ſerer' must have seen it before he wrote his letter, dated the 22nd of April. We, therefore, do not see any cautious forbearance on the part of a “Sufferer," in express- ing his opinion on captain Wallace's conduct: and the heavy charge of being a secret enemy, and aspersing—that is: stan- dering, calumniating—the character of an absent man is un- founded, and comes with an ill grace from an advocate of charity. A “Sufferer” attributes a motive to captain Wallace; namely: “Giving a commission to his friends!"—And he draws a parallel between captain Wallace and the leader of a Chappow; but this is not a forgery of false accusations: for such is aspersion or slander. Further, is there not something sinister in Alpha's assertion of the “impossibility of hearing in Canton “an impartial statement of the facts of captain Wallace's “case; indeed, of any case?”—The facts are known to all; and more than that, the motives of captain Wallace, as made known by his own circular, and quoted in the Register, are also in the possession of the public mind. And this assertion of Alpha's is, moreover, uncharitable to the whole of the foreign community in Canton, inasmuch as it supposes them to be prejudiced, i liberal, ignorant; and it is also uncharitable and unjust to the Canton Register, as a channel of publicity. Let Alpha point out the invincible obstacles to hearing i.e. reading, in the columns of the Canton Register, an impartial statement of any case interesting to the public, or even one involving merely per- st nal considerations, when publicity is courted. Neither can we see that “A sufferer's" letter has any “evil tendency in giring fresh vigor to that discord “and dis union at present characteristic of our little “community, and it hich makes us a the stºject ºf reproof “in publications of other parts of , the world.” For, the subject unatter of the letter is solely between captain Wallace and the “Sufferer.” The above quoted ill-placed allusion, which invºlves a most insidious inference, is, we think, much more replete with eril tendency; as it evidently hints that the aspersions (so cººd by ... iipha) of captain Wallace's chara tº r by “A Suſſer r," may pºssibly stain the characters of some of our little community: a “most lame and impotent conclusion.” . For the rest, we cordially agree with Alpha in his exhortations to union; but we scarcely think our columns would be deserving of the epithet “Fair," if we had declined the decorations either of “A Sufferer's" complaint, or Alpha's animadversions. The letter of Viator is fºll of queries which he, or any honest man, can answer satisfactorily; but we scarcely think that we have neglected our duty in passing unnoticed in of men so far removed from and unconnected with the British interests in China as are the members of H. M. commission. We attach no public importance to these movements; they aſfect only the personal characters of those concerned in them: and it is for their considera- tion whether their characters will be elevated by their laid up-in-ordinary states, and by their expecting or claiming salaries; and as to the latter, it will be for the con- sideration of the house of commons whether those expecta- tions or claims shall be attended to or allowed. But how easily a stop might have been put to the people's thinking! How much more dignified as public servants, how much inore respectable for individual character, would it have been if lord Napier's successor had immediately leſt the shores of China when his lordship died, and returned direct to England with his lordship's corse?—And, as it has since been sent home in the Orwell, there would have been no objection on the part of his lordship's family. The effect of such a decisive measure upon the Canton go- vernment would have been great; and equally so, we think, on the British government. It is true, in H. M. commission, “general instructions” under the royal sign-manual are mentioned, and we do not know what restraints those instructions may have put upon the locomo- tions of all the members of the commission; but, as we have seen several resi, nations followed by promotions, we must think that li. M. could not have been otherwise than pleased with his servants if they had resigned, or returned, immediately their presence in China became uscless—per- haps worse; and we are sure the country would have been pleased to save the money the commission has cost it since lord Napier's death: and such an honest and straight- forward course of action would have deserved the con- ſidence of the country on future occasions. But now, the commission is and has been a spectacle to the world. Repulsed ſrom Canton, residing out of their limits, endebted to the forbearance of the governor of Macao for shelter as private individuals, for, we believe, he does not acknow- ledge them in their public capacity, what can their country- men, what can the chinese, what can all the world think, but that their motions are governed only by consi- derations of pounds, slillings, and pence. The king of Great Britain should look aſter his own. His service and the “dignity of his crown, the honour of his flag, the glory of his arms” are at a woful discount in China. The rising and falling of the barometer of pay and allowances, not of the barometer of national honour, is the great object of keen regard. The report of the select committee of the house of com- mons on the Tea duties will be found in our columns. Perhaps it will not convey much information to our local readers; yet one fact is worthy of notice; namely: the cor- rect taste of the poorer classes in the qualities of tea. This universally diffused taste will always ensure a supply of good tea, and satisfactorily disproves the assertions of many, that nothing but rubbish will be imported for tea by the free trade. This correct taste is by no means surprising: simple habits of living preserve all the senses in the highest per ſection. It is well known that he who delights in froth- ing, cauliflower-headed pots of heary wet, should estabish h s domicile near a well-frequented coach stand: it is a saying in London. “the lower the neighbourhood, the better the porter.”—By parity of reasoning, the poorer the classes, the better the tea: that is, under the free trade more good tº a will be imported than under the company's monopoly. As to the very highest classes of tea—which, by the by, have never yet found their way into i2ngland—their importation will be best encouraged by low duties: as the importation of every thing else will be. º A report of the first sale of free-trade-teas will also be ſound in to day's Register, imported in the Frances Charlotte. This ship, with the Georgiana, Camden, and Pyramus, sailed immediately aſter the expiration of the company's charter in April last year. Some, whose wishes were fathers to their thoughts, chuckled with the idea “that they would soon see those teas sent back to China, as the pages of the Canton Register the movements of a set “the ships had sailed with un-signed manifests." Who was THE OASICNDY! Lººtºuts, Nº.82 “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. WOL. 8. Tuesday, May 12TH, 1835. No.19.} PRICE 50 CENTS (Advertisements, see Price Current.) ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N T O N. The American vessels, TARQUIN, Lothrop, ALEXAN- DeR, Hallett, and FRANK Li N, from Boston and New York vià Batavia, arrived, the first on the 6th and the two last on the 8th instant. The British vessel THE TIS, Clark, arrived also on the 8th inst. from Calcutta. By this opportunity we have receiv- ed Singapore Chronicles of the 28th of march, 4th and 11th of April; but our Calcutta papers have not yet reached us. The PRovi Nc AL City. May 5th. A fire broke out in a fish-monger's shop in Neu-joo-keaou (Cow's milk bridge) street in the western suburb. His dwelling and another were burnt, and his wife and son perished in the flames. A little daughter, who was in an upper room, frightened at the fire, and unable to walk through fear, stumbled, fell to the ground, and was killed. Thus, in a twinkling, (summer-shower time) one family has lost three of it's members: an event deeply to be lamented. A great many fire-engines were on the ground, and some of the foreign residents. The following is a translation of a paper, which has been pasted on the walls of Canton. A coarse exhortation to arouse the age It is really thought that it is the year of the water- Kulpa. There is now a great drought; calamities and mis- fortunes are heaped up; and it is a time of sorrow and grief Prayers are of no avail: all (these misfortunes) proceed from ourselves. Our hearts have long been hardened, and we have been discontented with our lots: the un-eradicated roots of error are many. Evil dispositions burstout like torrents over- throwing mountains; therefore heaven is annoyed with our repeated supplications. I offer advice to the men of the age. It is necessary they should examine themselves, and let no one think himself guiltless, and accuse others. Let all at once excite their hearts, and from their own feelings con- jecture those of others; constantly be contented in your stations; cherish with the greatest care filial duty and brotherly love; then, the harmony of relations, friends, yonth and manhood. In affairs do not indulge your own temper and wishes; depend not on talent and ability; presume not on riches and treat people contemptuously, and on high station to insult them. Be not covetous of ill- got wealth; think not on unlawful pleasures; presume not on strength and power; cherish not revengeful feelings. In all affairs, consult your heart and hold fast, by reason. Constantly correct yourselves, and be indulgent to the thoughts of others: certainly you will then be able to repent and renovate yourselves, and draw back the ſavorable will of heaven: seek and do all this with real sincerity, and it cannot be but the calamities will be changed into blessings. - On the evening of the 10th day of the moon (7th instan!) at 7 o'clock, the second son of old Mowqua, the hong-mer- chant—known amongst foreigners by the soubriquet of Bardolph, was taken ill with cholera while at his hong. He immediately returned in a boat to his residence at Honan. Upwards of ten doctors were sent for to feel his pulse; but not one was able to cure him, and he died at 12 o'clock. His son, Loo-ying-ke who is a military officer at the “Tiger's gate", arrived on the 12th of the moon at 1 o'clock, in a cruiser, to attend the shrouding of the body. It is the chinese usage to dress out the corpse in the finest and warmest clothing that the person's circumstances will afford; the clothes are of the same fashion as those worn by the living. A shroud surrounds the whole, and is sometimes bound to the corpse with cords. On the 11th of the moon (8th inst.) aſter the rain had fallen, the Kwang-chowºfoo ordered ten married women to sacrifice a sow at the south gate of the city. After the sacrifice, the sow's tail was burnt off, and it was sent to be nourished at the Hae-chang-sze, at Ho-nan. The south gate was then thrown open to the public. The meaning of the Kwang-chow-foo in sending married women to sacrifice and worship is not understood by the people. Great numbers of married women have for several days past gone to worship at the south gate, but the manner of their praying is not known An old fellow observed that the affair of shutting the sonth gate was utterly useless, as at Nan- kwan at Ho-nan, already more than 100 men had died of a complaint that has the same symptoms as cholera. Macao Lottery. We have not received any report of the result of the drawing of this lottery, but it is rumouredin Canton that a chinese compradore has drawn $3000, an ecclesiastic $ 1000, and the ſoundling hospital $ 500. A similar attempt to assist the funds of the SEAMEN's Hospit AL in China will doubtless be encouraged by the public; and we shall be happy to receive communications proposing any scheme for a lottery for that purpose, to be drawn about next Michaelmas. Macao Amusements and Exercise. It is known to our Canton readers that the only small space allowed for health and exercise to foreigners is at Macao; and that the sole place where a horse may, with safety, be struck into a canter, is just within the barrier. Last week this spot was made nearly un-approachable to all foreigners by the outrageous and violent conduct of a set of chinese spectators and actors in a Sing-song at the Joss house on the inner harbour. A foreigner, shortly and respectfully, represented this circumstance to the governor of Macao, and put H. E. in mind of a promise of protection to friendly powers. The redress was instant: that evening the race-course was as quiet and better ordered than any ground at Ascot. A. Bather. - We have much pleasure in recording any act of chinese hospitality; and therefore willingly insert captain Kennedy's letter, although it condemns us rather seri- ously: for we consider it a grave offence in a conductor of a public journal to reflect, too hastily, on communities or individuals; much more, then, to intrude on the public attention undigested remarks on the character of a whole people for active humanity, and doubts—perhaps unfound- ed—of the susceptibility of their minds to feelings of grat- itude. Having “swam in a Gondola,” we think we can appre- ciate captain Kennedy's exertions exactly in the degree 67 "THE CANTON" IREGISTER, A (b). UPON IMPORTS FROM CHINA. Charges Uharges in of mer- China of the Prime º º chandise d.º. º Sal previous year, at 6s. 8d. and De- at 5 per | Cargoes | cost an e Profit. not added to Loss at Nett Profit. .*.*...";... the Tael. º: cent on Commis. Charges. Amount. the Invoice, Sea the E. I 8. between the Amt. Sion. &c., at 6s. 8d. §º and China, from the sale the Tael. - ear 1829–30 inclusive, to - - - 9 £. £. £. £. 36. f. £. f. it. £. ". the latest Period (P) isg9–30. 1711.892 || 477.14%| 151.374 || 41.766|2.385674, 3,037,483 65.809 1,432 ºn |1>30–31. 1,765,598 || 517,856. 161,399 || 46,514 |2,491,867 3,227.987 736,620 Nett gain, 296 12,246 724,670 |1-31–32 ... 1,814,465 540.528|162,456 || 47,837 |2,565,286 3.219,130| 683,844 32,577 651,267 1532–33..] 1,795,344 506,76 | 158,983 46,767 2,507,554|| 3,179,667. 671,813|Nett gain, 441 | 672,254 i 7,087,299 Fº 634,712 185,884 9,950,181|12,094,20712,744,086 33,272 12,246 2,698,568 | * The China trade has been UPON EXPORTS TO CHINA *. conducted at an increased charge by the application of the Board's | rates, instead of the mercantile Prime Cost| Freight | Charges Supra Cargoes Sale rates of exchange, to the valua- & Charges paid in in China, Commission Total Cost Amount at Profit. tion of that portion of the funds for in England. England. at 6s. 8d. | paid in Eng- & Charges. |6s. 8d. the carrying it on which has been the Tael. Iland. | Tael. realized by means of supplies from - T India to the extent of -, - ... - fºgó1,559 £. £. jº. f. f. 38. £. Which added to the foregoing 1828–29 ..] 657,351 | 15,032 | 1,165 14,350 687,898 || 722,542 34,644 sum of - - - - 2,698,568 1829–30..] 530,435 | 10,718 1,007 11,541 553,701 || 652,065 98.364 - - 1830—31 .. 521,893 || 12,774 1,008 11,396 547,071 643,021 95,950 Would make the profit on the 1831–32..] 503,234 || 10,348 1,287 10,941 525,810 618,554 92,744 China trade, at the mercantile - rates - - - £8,660,127 2,212,913 || 48,872 4,467 48,228 (2,314,480 |ººls | 321,702 Or average per annum £915.031 | | An account of the total quan- (C). TotalCuantity of Portion of the Quantity - - - - tity of Tea, including that of th Tea, including sºld subject to a Duty & ||..Quantity of Tea remaining in the private trade, sold at the sales of — Private Trade, Total Sale - Warehouses in England unsold on 1st the E. H. company, in each year, sold at the Sales Price. 96 per cent 100percent March, 1834. . . . . tº. 42,104,000 lbs. from 1829inclusive,and ofthe tota pf the E. I. Co. Quantity afloat, or in the Ware- price of the same; distinguishin louses of the Company at Canton, such portion of the above quan: lbs. £. lbs. lbs. stimated upon the scale of the orders tity as was subject to a duty of$6'1829 . . . 29.399.582 337985. 5.375,09s 23724484||*.*.*.*.*.* of Pirector; ho p: ..e.f. that which was isão . . . .30612,484 || 3,487,427 5.010.313| 2002,172 cºunt ºf theºl purchases of the subject to a duty of 100 per cent.;1831 . . 31,022,086 3,498,902 6,916,691 24,105.395||eason having yet been received. . 29,500,000, (C) 1832 . . 31,094,389 3,438,44s. 5,112,025 25,982,364 - 1833 . . 32,954,330 3,561,836|| 10,004,084] 22,950,246. 71,604,000 lbs. | We beg to submit to our readers the following comparison cf the quan- tity, prime cost, and freight of teas imported by the E. I. company, with the quantity, prime cost, and freight of teas imported by the free-trade. †. average importations ofthe E.I. company, according to the fore- going tables, for five years, were lbs30,000,000, prime cost £1,771,824, freight £510 567, besides charges of merchandise at 5 per cent and the supracargoes' commissions. - - The importations of the Free trade in the year ending 31st of March, 1835, were lbs13,641,200; namely: lbs36,382,000 of black, prime cost £1,887,702; and lbs 7,259.200, of green, prime cost £526,313=#2,414,015, in 67 ships, tonnage, 34,982, at £5.10 per ton=t.192,401 for freight. The prime cost of the free-trade teas is estimated at the average prices of each description and quality; but this mode must be fallacious, and give a total wrong in excess. However, under this disadvantage, it is clear from the foregoing figures that there has been a saving in the prime cost of the free-trade teas of £92,266; and in freight of £539,411. The exchange of the last year fixes the valuation of the Tael at about 65.2}d. We have been favoured by an American friend with a Philadelphia - paper containing the , message of the President of the U. S. to the Senate and House of Repre- sentatives. - It is an extremely interesting document, and we regret that our limits prevent our publishing it entire. We may, however, return.0 the subject in our next number. The most generally important exposition in this state paper is the condition of the present relations of America with France; and of these circumstances an abridgment will be found in the supplement. The positions of America and France are not altogether irrelevant to those of Great Britain and China. France acknowledges a debt which she will not pay; China owes debts which she will not acknow- ledge: for, exclusive of the personal debts of the government- merchants to foreigners, all losses consequent on the various capricious stoppages of the trade should be paid by China. Yet a great nation should not be maximus in minimis: too covetous of money, although her due. The whole career of Louis-Philip proves him to be imbued with the beggar's vice: a love of gold: he is a fraudulent debtor; but when efforts are making to ameliorate the laws of debtors and creditors in private life; to protect the person of the former from the revengeful arrests of thc latter, it - 1 --- *-* *-* --------- *** - --------- - " -------1- :-----|------- I , the duty of a government to protect it's subjects every where, and to ensure to them the protection of all foreign govern- ments under which they may be resident; but this is plainly a question ºf simple power to be exercised between governments. France may choose to dare both the vengeance of America and the retributive justice of heaven: but unless America can force France to perform her treaties, she will scarcely consult her own honour in seizing on the persons and property of French subjects; we have no faith in that international law that dictates such a course. If France is too poor or too dishon- est to pay her debts. America should either grant her the benefit of the insolvent act, or assert her pretensions on the government property under the national flag in the harbours of Toulon or Brest: such are the measures demand- ed by American clemency, or due to American honour. It is the punishment of the king of the French and his government that is worthy the justice due to the American people, not the spoliation of private irresponsible individuals; as it will be equally becoming in the British government to oblige the court of Peking to re-imburse the losses of all British subjects, to retract it's insolent pretensions, and accord satisfaction for the repulse of lord Napier. AMERICA. PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. (Abridged from the Philadelphia Commercial Herald, Dec. 3rd, 1834.) Fellow Citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives: In preforming my duty at the opening of your present session, it gives me pleasure to congratulate you again upon the prosperous condition of our beloved country. The question of the North-eastern boundary is still pending with Great Britain, and the proposition made in accordance with the resolution of the Senate for the extablishment of a fine according to the treaty of 1783, has not been accepted by that Government. Believing that every disposition is felt on both sides to adjust this perplexing question to the satisfaction of all the parties interested in it, the hope is yet indulged that it may be effected on the basis of that proposition. With the governments of Austria, Russia, Prussia, Holland, Sweden and Denmark, the best understanding exists. Commerce, with all, is fostered and protected by reciprocal good will, under the sanction of liberal conventional or legal provisions. In the midst of her internal difficulties, the queen of Spain has ratified the convention for the payment of the claims of our citizens since 1819. The first instalment due under the convention of indemnity with the - r − 1. - 4 -- - - - - - - ..T- cr--- *------- 1 – . 1. – ... W. --------> --> -- - SU PPI, EIMI IE IN Tº TO THE C & N & © N at #2 & 3 s, & 33 at . CANTON, TUESDAY, MAY 12th, 1835. adjustment of our claims, and the anxiety displayed to fulfil at once the stipulations made for the payment of them, are highly honorable to the government of the two Sicilies.—When it is recollected that they were the result of the injustice of an intrusive power, temporarily dominant in its territory, a repugnance to acknowledge and to pay which would have been neither unnatural nor unexpected, the circuinstances cannot fail to exalt its character for justice and good faith in the eyes of all nations. The treaty of amity and commerce between the United States and Belgium. brought to your notice in my last annual message, as sanctioned by the senate, but the ratifications of which had not been exchanged, owing to a delay in its reception at Brussels, and a subseqnent absence of the Belgian minister of foreign affairs, has been, after mature deliberation, finally disavowed by that government as inconsistent with the powers and instructions given to the minister who negotiated it. This disavowal was entirely unexpected, as the liberal principles embodied in the convention, and which form the groundwork of the objections to it, were perfectly satisfactory to the Belgian representative, and were supposed to be not only within the powers granted, but expressly conformable to the instruc- tions given to him. An offer, not yet accepted, has been made by Belgium to renew negotiations for a treaty less liberal in its provisions, on questions of general maritime law. t becomes my unpleasant duty to inform you, that this pacific and highly gratifying picture of our foreign relations, does not include those with France at this time. The history of the accumulated and unprovoked uggressions upon our commerce, committed by authority of the existing government of France between the years 1800 and 1817, has been rendered too painfully familiar to Americans to make its repetition either necessary or desirable. It will be sufficient here to remark, that there has, for many years, been scarcely a single administration of the French government by whom the justice and legality of the claims of our citizens to indemnity, were not to a very considerable extent, admitted: And yet near a quarter of a century has been wasted in ineffectual negotiations to secure it. The executive branch of this government has, as matters stand, ex- hausted all the authority upon the º: with which it is invested, and which it had any reason to believe could be beneficially employed. The idea of acquiescing in the refusal of the French government to execute the treaty will not, I am confident, be for a moment entertained by any branch of this government, and further negotiation is equally out of the question. Our institutions are essentially pacific. Peace and friendly intercourse with all nations, are as much the desire of our government as they are the interests of the people. But these objects are not to be permanently secured, by surrendering the right of our citizens, or permitting solemn treaties for their indemnity in cases of flagrant wrong, to be abrogated or set aside. It is undoubtedly in the power of congress seriously to affect the agricultural and manufacturing interests of France, by the passage of laws relating to her trade with the United States. Her products, man- ufactures, and tonnage, may be subjected to heavy duties in our ports, or all commercial intercourse with her may be suspended. But there are powerful, and, to my mind, conclusive objections to this mode of proceed- ing. We cannot embarrass or cut off the trade of France, without, at the same time, in some degree, embarrassing or cutting off our own trade. The injury of such a warfare must fall, though unequally, upon our own citizens, and could not but impair the means of the government, and weaken that united sentiment in support of the rights and honor of the nation which must now pervade every bosom. Nor is it impossible that such a course of legislation would introduce once more into our national councils, those disturbing questions in rela- tion to the tariff of duties which have been so recently put to rest. Besides, by every measure adopted by the government of the United States with a view of injuring France, the clear perception of right which will induce our own people, and the rulers and people of all other nations, even of France herself, to pronounce our quarrel just, will be obscured, and the support rendered to us in a final resort to more decisive measures, will be more limited and equivocal. There is but one point in the controversy, and upon that the whole civilized world must pronounce France to be in the wrong. We insist that she shall pay us a sum of money, which she has acknowledged to be due; and of the justice of this demand, there can be but one opinion among mankind. True policy would seem to dictate that the questions at issue should be kept thus disencumbered. and that not the slightest pretence should be given to France to persist in her refusal to make payment, by any act on our part affecting the interests of her peo- ple. The question should be left as it is now, in such an attitude that when France fulfills her treaty stipulations, all controversy will be at an end. - 1t is my conviction, that the United States ought to insist on a prompt execution of the treaty, and in case it be refused, or longer delayed, take redress into their own hands. After the delay on the part of France of a quarter of a century in acknowledging these claims by treaty, it is not to be tolerated that another jarter of a century is to be wasted in negociating about the payment. The laws of nations provide a remedy for such occasions. It is a well settled principle of the international code, that where one nation owes another a liquidate debt, which it refuses or neglects to pay, the aggrieved party may seize on the property belonging to the other, its citizens or subjects, sufficient to pay the debt, | without giving just cause of war. This remedy has been repeatedly resorted to, and recently by France herself, towards Portugal, under circumstances less questionable. The time at which resort should be had to this, or any other mode of redress, is a point to be decided by Congress. If an appropriation chall not be made by the French chambers at their next Session it may justly be concluded that the government of France has finally determined to disregarded its own solemn undertaking, and refuses to pay an acknow- ledged debt. In that event, every day's delay on our part will be a stain upon our national honor, as well as a denial of justicé to our injured citizens. Prompt measures, when the refusal of France shall be complete, will not only be most honorable and just, but will have the best effect upon our national character. Since France, in violation of the pledges given through her minister here, has delayed her final action so long that her decision will not probably be known in time to be communicated to this Congress, I recom. mend that a law be passed, authorizing reprisals upon French property in case provisions shall not be made for the payment of the debt, at the approaching session of the Fench chambers. Such a measure ought not to be considered by France as a menace. Her pride and power are too well, known to expect any thing from her fears, and preclude the necessity of a declaration that nothing partaking of the character of intimidation is intended by us. She ought to look upon it as the evidence only of an inflexible determination on the part of the United State, to insist on their rights. That government, by doing only what it has itselfacknowledg- ed to be just, will be able to spare the United States the necessity of taking redress in their own hands, and save the property of French cit- izens from that seizure and sequestration which American citizens so long endured without retaliation or redress. If she should continue to refuse that act of acknowledged justice, and, in violation of the law of nations, make reprisals on our part the occasion of hostilities against the United States, she would but add violence to injustice, and could not fail to expose herself to the just censure of civilized nations, and the retribu- tive judgments of Heaven. Collision with France is the more to be regretted on account of the position she occupies in Europe in relation to liberal institutions. But in maintaining our national rights and honor, all governments are alike to us. If by collision with France, in a case where she is clearly in the wrong, the march of liberal principles shall be impeded, the responsibility for that result, as well as every other, will rest on her own head. Having submitted these considerations, it belongs to Congress to decide, whether, after what has taken place, it will still await the further action of the French Chambers, or now adopt such provisional measures as it may deem necessary and best adapted to protect the rights and maintain the honor of the country. METEOROLOGICAL DIARY FOR APRIL, The RM. BAR. e-A- night. noon. WINDS. § 1 60 60 30:35 NaNNW.clay, 1st pt.lt.br.asp.mid.&lat.fr.br. )(2 50 68 30:30 N a NNE, fine weather, mod. breeze. § 3 54 71 30:30 N a NNE.——do.—do. 5 4 56 73 30:30 S a SE.--—do.— light breeze. O5 60 76 30:30 S. do.— do. © 6 62 77 30:20 S a N.—-—do.— do. variable f 7 64 80 30:10 SE a N. do.—— do. & 8 64 83 20:90 SE. a NE. —do.—sultry-– do. Yſ 9 66 85 29.85 E a SE. do.———— do. 2 10 68 SS 29:05 SE. a E. -do. —— do. 5 11 69 80 30:10 S a SE. clay, at times a fresh br. lat. light main O12 69 80 30:05 SE. fine weather, mod. breeze. © 13 67 80 30:00 S a SW.—do. do. & 14 70 75 30:00 N a SE. clay, lt. rn. 1st &mid. mod.lat.fr. br. ; 15 65 70 30:20 NaB. clay, rn. in 1st part, mostly fr. br. M 16 66 74 30:15 S.E. cloudy most part, mod. breeze. # 17 64 72 30:10 N a. SE. do. with light rain at times, do. H 18 65 74 30:10 SE. do. —throughout O 1967 74 30:10 S a SW. do..with light rain at times, light br. © 20 66 76 30:10 N a SE. —do. —do—. vble 4 21 68 82 30:05 SE. fine weather, light breeze. § 22 68 80 30:00 S a SE.——do. mod. breeze. 2(23 71 84 29:90 SE. ——do. do. ? 24 72 85 29:90 SE.--—do. latterly a fresh br. b 25 72 80 30:05 SE a E.--do. fresh breeze. O26 72 81 30:05 SEaB. light rain 1st part, lat. cloudy, mod. br. (E 27 74 83 30:00 SE a E. fine weather - & 28 73 86 29:90 SE a S. fine weather, moderate breeze. & 29 74 89 29.85 N.—do.—at times a fresh breeze. 2[30 72 88 29:90 N. do.—moderate breeze. ; tº Nº. *-*** -------------- ------------------------a “The free traders appear to c'er, sº high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a frce “press is already maintained at Canton, and should their commerce continue to increase, their import: nae “will rise also. They will r gird themselves as the depositarics of the truc principles of British commerce.” tº sº. * *ry *** - 5 * * ** rºº.- e. 1: ". *f; #2's 3: A tº 3353.2 * * * * • * *** * *** ** CH.A.R. LES GRANT. * ret * * * *. - **** * * *-ºs- Pr[CF ºº:: º } 50 CENTS. ** * * *** * * * * *** FC R LIVE!, i' () () [.. HE Brigantine FRANK, Captain E. Searight; to sail on or before the i5th of May, from Whampoa. For freigºt ap ly to THGMAS DENT & Co. Canton. 27th Anril, 1535, TOR SALE AT THE CANTYRTPFG:STER OFFICE.TPrice ST TCTICES onthe B.RITISI TRADE to the PORT of CANTON, &c. N by John SLAnº. London: Smit! Fider & Co. 65, Cornhill. March, 1830. CAN TO N RºC I.S.T.R F O'R IS3 i. FOR SAY.F., a few sets, bound, at half the subscrintion price; $ b. TENTH CANT) N INSUR., NCE () is F. C. E. ARTIES intending to apply for Insurance are requested to give previous notice, in order that the vessels in which they propose to shºp may be duly surveyed, (free of expense to the assure",) before commencing to receive cargo. JARDINE, MATHEso: & Co General Agents. DEC1MA CGM.'AN HIA DE SEGURO !} E CANT.A*). Spessoas que pertenderem fºxer applicaccens para Seguro nesta officina sno prevenidas para darem previa noticia a fin ce que os Navios sobre (s quaes forem of recidos os riscos possao cer devidamente exºrainados antes as comechrem a receber carga. JAR disz, MAt:1}son & Co G, eral Areate - AYISO AL C () Aſ ERC () 4. XPERIMTNTADA LA CONVF N. L.N C1A DE EXPORTAR el Abaca en rama fien pºenzada, para proporcionar', a mu_ho menos costo que hasta aqui; se avisa al comercio, que en los cºmarin's de J. Agustin Scareila, situados a la orilla de este Rio, y frenſe a la nueva Adua- na, se preaza abaca por 4, rs. fardo de 2 picos, que miden menos de 10. pies cubicos, bien econdicionados y escuadratios—-La localidad de los Inismos camarines, properciona en todo tiempo 'a introduccion v extraccion de dicho articulo, pl.diendo prenzºrse en ellos, de 1.0. a 150. Iardos diariamente. Manila 28: de Febrero de 18'.5. Agustin Scarella. ON AG UST IN SCARELLA, of Manila, at nounces to the Coramer- cial public, that at his Godowns situated on the bank of the River, and immediately in front of the new Custom hºuse at Manila, Raw riemp is screwed at the rate of 4} Reals per Bale of 2 peculs, to measure 10 cubic feet, well conditioned and squared. The locality of the godowns affords the utmost facility for the shipment of the Heap, and from $110 to 150 bales may be screwed daily. Manila, 28th February, 1835. BRITISH CHAMP CR OF COMWERCETOF CANTON. Ta General Meeting of the British Chamber of Commerce held on the 13th day of January 1837, it was resolved; 1. That until further notice any British merchant of Canton may become a member of the chamber, by stating to the Secretary his wish to that effect, and paying the established fees. 2. That, in order to aſſord the utmost facility for the adoption of such improvements as czperience may suggest, the regulations now existing be declared probationary, and that they may be altered by a majority at any special meeting convened for the purpose, after seven days notice and speci- fication of the object in view. By order of the committee, British Chamber of Commerce W. Sºrort Boyd, Canton, 13th January, '835. Secretary. AT LIN TV N F C R SALE. OD Iron assorted. Chain Cables ; Inch to Irch. Anchors, 13 cwt. to 17 cwt. Rose nails of all sizes. Iron spikes, 2 to 4 Inches. Cordage, assorted, 1} to 6}. Inches. Sheathing Copper, 18 to 26 ounces. Sheathing nails, 14 to 13 Inches. Canvas, Nos. 1 to 7. Boat guns. Apply to Captais PARRY Ship “Hercules,” or to Canton, 16th January, 1835. JARDIN F, MATH rson & Co. FO & SAI, E. BILLS OF EXCHANGE, at $3 per 100. Register Office, 4 Danish Hong; or at R. MARI: wick & Co. NOTI ("E. INDEMNITY INSURANCE OFFICE OF CALCUTTA. ISKS for all parts of the world will be taken by JAMEs Goodard & Co. Agents for the offive in China, Payable in case of loss by Messrs. Gregson, Melville & Knight, Agents in London do. Messrs. Gil MoRE & Co. ,, in Calcutta NOTICE. HE Author of the “Historical Sketch of the Portuguese settlements,” &c. in China, begs leave to inform the gentlemen who may honor him with their subscriptions, that the price of the book (consisting of from 370 tº 400, pages, in full size Qctavo) will be two dollars, payable on delivery. The editor of the Canton Register will be so good as to receive the sub- scription list at the end of this year, and to distribute the work when ‘ºmpleted. The subscribers will be informed, in the Canton Register and the Chronica de Macao, when the book is ready for delivery. ANDREW LJUNGSTEDT. LANK ENGRAVED Apply at the CANton 25 Cents per set, apply to do. (JFTCIA i. NO : {{JP. Cº. inconvenience and public ºx: ense having been incurred, by reascº of the irooroº’er cºnduct of certain matters of British merchart vessels in wilfully leaving Lehind in this place, men belonging to the said vesse's; Noricz is hereby given, that this practice is contrary to Law, and that the o”nce may be prosecuted by indictinent or information at the St.it of His ºric-ty's Atorney General in the court of King’s Bench at Westminster, as if it had been committed at Westini.asier in the county of Middlesex und it is now declared, that the Supc;inter.dents will tºke measures to institste proceedin's a Jainst any rºaster or masters of Pritish Imerchant vessel foLI'd offending hercia in future. By order of the Sun-intenſerts, A. R. J () iſ ".S"t N. N. ( , !! (! E. T. H. Business heretofore carried on at Calºr, Lintin, and Macao, by Richard Markwick an’, Co. will from his date we conducted by Richard Maº wick, Rºbert Jºvar is, ºenry Skinner, & Cººs ºf rºwieſ, who have entered into co-partnership for t', it purpose, under the firm of Cºton, 7th. May, 1533. MARx wick, F Dº ARPs & Co. - STEVEYOR F OR LLG 1 º’s, - H. F. A.V.V.G appointed Mr. v . . . . .cx, .xziv, (late commander of the ship Hormajºº Bºnanjee) tº ºur eyor of shipping on or behalf, but c uotice there.cf is hereby cºver to th: ...ºrinºtiºn of parties requiring tie servi- ces of such an officer; settling with him ºr the same. jcis T, wrºtos & Co. Agents for Ilºyd's. STATEY! . .N I C F Ti, , , !!!, I'í IS, 1 'Tis A Diº, Fo: the year ending. Y'arch, 1834. Price 25 cents. Apply at the Canton Register office, No. 4 Tanish, I'onºr. COM I"A N 10 N. 1 O TH F. . . . . .N UA 1: i: ) i. 1832. A. gentleman wishes to of tain half a dozen copies of this work; and, it -* A being out of print, will he glad to pºrchase them, if in good condition, at double the original price. Apply at the office ofthe Canton Register. A NG},\) [HINES; KATEN DART FOR 1835. €ºt OLD at the Canton Register office, No. 4 Danish Hong. Price 50 Cents, }S) 3. Sarretºrv. Nes SALE, two Factories; for particulars tº ply to ſt. … lºw A. Ds. Canton, 11th December, 1834. 2 American Honº. N (\'ºlt . . - "THE “Union Insurance Society of Canton” established on the 1st f January, 1835, for Marine Insurance, is now in action. (Xanton 10th. January. 1535. 'Filoxi. As Dºxt. *. Co. Secretaries. TSSAT, CTBORTS Bºn CAN TON and MAC XO. - rN\HE *roprºtons of the MacAo Pass Age BoATs, beg leave to acquaint a the Public, that from and after the 16th instant, their boats will steit to and from Macao, on regular days (wind and weather Permitting.) Days of Starting from Macao for Canton. Mondays..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unica. Weavesdays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sylph. Fridays... . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - St George.—vià Lintin, Days of Starting from Canton for Macao. Tuesdays..... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .St George. via Lintin. Thursdays. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Union. Saturdays. . . . . . . . - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . Sylph. FAREs: $15 each passenger; payable at Macao. Passengers are hereby respectfully informed, that, in accordance with the Macao Government regulations against—Goods—Specie—or Luggage being landed at the Praya Grande, no baggage, beyond what is necessary for the trip, will be received on board ti.ese boats. Passºngers not complying with the above named regulations, will become answerable to the said (, overnment. N. P. Applications to be made, In; Canton—to Robert Ei, ward. Macao—to HENRY SKINNER. NOTIt E. Subscription to the Canton Register and General Price Current. per annum $ 16 payable quarterly. Crºnton 4th March 1835. F. . . º ; do. in advance. Do. to the Register, annum 12 do. quarterly. Do. A 6 no. 8 do. in adva Do. 3 no. 6 O. In advance, Do. to the Canton General Price Current per ann. $ 5. Subscribers taking 25 copies of the Price Current will be charged for their Extra numbers 10 cents, other subscribers 15 cents, each number. Cº. for advertising in the Canton Register and Canton General Price Current. Vessels for freight &c. $ Advertisement, not exceeding seven lines, each insertion, do. Continued for 3months, : 78 THE canton Radistan. Si Macao, 16th May, 1834. f, I am desired by the Superintendents to acquaint you, for the information of the Chamber of Commerce, that they have received directions from Viscount Palmerston to grant to the Shippers of Tea at Canton, certificates, stating the denomination of the different sorts of Tea shipped by them. It is to be observed, however, that such certificates are only intended to be received as evidence at the Custom House in England, and will not be considered as conclusive with regard to the quality of the Tea. The Superintendents request that this letter may be published in the Canton Register for general information. I have the honor to be, Sir, Your most Obedient Servant, Edward ELMslie, Acting Secretary. To, William Sprott Boyd, Esq. &c. &c. &c. Canton. The above having been submitted to the Committee is published in con- formity with the request contained in it. By order of the Committee. - British Ch Wm. Spaott Boyd, itish Chamber of Commerce Canton, 18th May, 1835. '; Secretary. ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N T O N. Arrived the British bark UNIVERSE, Brock, from London vià Batavia. Her dates are not so late as those brought by the American vessel REGULUS, a fortnight ago. There are various rumours afloat respecting the change of ministry, but we believe no one is in possession of authentic information on the subject. It is said Mr. Charles Grant is to be raised to the peerage as baron Glenelg, prior to being appointed governor-general of British India. The Forth, Robinson, and EMILY JANE, Boothby, have arrived, from Calcutta; and we have heard the QUEBEC TRADeR is also in, but we have not received any report. By these opportunities we have received the Half Weekly Calcutta Courier of the 4th and 11th of March. Rumours of insurrection in Chinese Tartary had reached India; they are probably connected with the disturbances in the province of Sze-chuen, noticed in the Canton Register of the 7th of April. Rain is again much wanted; for the quantity that fell a few days ago is not sufficient for the purposes of agriculture. It is said there have been heavy rains in the neighbour- ing province of Kwang-se; which is partly confirmed by the late high tides. THE PROVINCIAL CITY. The following is a translation of a native's account of a successful swindling transaction. In Oar street, near thek!. of great tranquil- lity, is the Bird's-nest shop Ke-ke, which has a thriving trade, and a Hing-kea, or fellow craftsman, brought a customer. It is a rule of the trade that when a Hing-kea introduces a buyer, he is rewarded with a gratuity of § 2 per catty on the Bird's nests sold. This gratu- ity is called Yung-yin, By-money. About ten days ago a Hing-kea, wanting some By-money, brought a beyond-the- river-customer (a native of the provinces to the northward of the Yang-tsze-keang) to Ke-ke shop to buy goods. He selected the very best, and being informed of the price, he ordered home some catties, requesting the shopman to accompany him to his lodgings, to receive the money; there they both went, and the birds nests were deli- vered. He then falsely said ; “My steward, who has “charge of my money, has gone out and not returned; you “can return here tomorrow and receive it. Decidedly, there “is no deception.” Ke ke's partner believed him; and seeing his dwelling, thought there was no reason to doubt, took leave and went back to his shop. The next day he returned for his money, but the man was not to be seen. He immediately sought for the Hing- kea who had introduced him, accused hin of being an accomplice in the fraud, and, therefore, he must certainly take him before the magistrates to be examined. The Hing-kea, fearing that he should be implicated, forth with hastily began searching for the swindler. Fortunately, the concurrence of circumstances was extremely a-propos, for he directly met him on the road; he immediatedy seized, took him to Keike and there left him. It was night and be could not be taken before a magistrate, and they were afraid of keeping him in the shop. There was no other way but to order a man to accompany him back to his lodging, guard him till next day, and then manage. They did not take into their account that the man left in charge might be careless. The swindler escaped through a window in the night time. Thus cheating the man out of more than 100 Taels worth of Bird's nests. Truly, he must be very sorry, thus to lose both money and man. These swindlers are called “Naked- sticks.” An apothecary was also victimized the other day by one of these “Naked-sticks,” who defrauded him of several pieces of deer's horns (used as a restorative by the chinese), to an amount exceeding 100 dollars. The fellow has not been seized; and the apothecary is deterred from applying to the magistrates by fear of the expenses. - MANILA. Letters from Manila contain the intelligence of the death of general Torres, the new governor of the Phili- pine islands. He died on the 22nd of April. In the Canton Register of the 31st of March we published a translation of General Torres' address to the people under his government. The accession of such a man to power was a cause of congratulation to all the friends of just government, and his presence in Manila was hailed with joy both by natives and foreigners. He commenced his career with the most promising aspects, his actions were consonant to his professions of liberal and just sentiments; and both evinced his sincere intentions to promote the welfare of the people committed to his charge; and to encrease the prosperity of the islands which he governed. His liberal views of commerce, and the encouragement he bestowed on all engaged in it's pursuit, were honorable to his judg- ment and disposition; and we are happy to announce that the esteem in which he was held by the inhabitants of Manila has been manifested by a subscription for his family, who are left in narrow circumstances. His death is generally considered as a public calamity, although his successor, the Teniente Rey, who holds the govern- ment until orders arrive from Spain, is described as possessing excellent intentions, and enjoying the fullest confidence of the inhabitants of Manila; and there is no doubt entertained that he will follow the same course of policy as his lamented predecessor. The latest news from Spain is favorable to Don Carlos, who is said to be gaining strength. This may increase the difficulties of the Teniente Rey, in governing a colony º by conflicting opinions and cherishing different opes. - Dear Mr. Editor, Lintin, 15th May. It may consist with your particular knowledge that two ºne, returning from the opium sale this day, though not drowned, were well- ducked and frightened; it is certain their safety for a short period was a matter of doubt. I call your attention to this event for the purpose of pointing out the unfitness of those Roads as a safe or convenient station for transhipment of articles of value, such as boxes of dollars or chests of opium, in a tideway of six knots. This is submitted to, having Hong-kong on one side and Cum-sing- moon on the other, both perfect harbours. Why Mr. Editor!—Why"— Because the merit of a proposed measnre is not considered here, but who proposes it!—And then a party-war begins, to endeavour to prove that two and two make five. Your's, A SUFFERER. We certainly saw the narrow escape of two gentle- men from a watery grave in the afternoon of friday last. Owing to the bungling and inattention to orders of the lascar bowman of a boat, full of passengers, leaving the Sette de Marco, she was placed nearly athwart hawse of a much heavier boat, made fast by a long painter to the larboard guesswarp boom. The tide was running at the rate of at least six miles an hour. As the fore part of the keel of the heavy boat passed over the larboard quarter and stern of the other, two of the passengers, while holding on, one on each bow, lost their footing in their own boat, and were carried away hanging on to the other, which fortunate- ly canted off and righted. They were immediately relieved from their perilous situation; one of them, however received some severe bruises on his left leg, which had been jammed between the boats when in contact. Had THE CANTON REGISTER, they lost their hold, it is extremely doubtful if they would have been saved, the tide was so strong. We think, with our correspondent, that a safer and more commodious rendezvous than Lintin could be found for the ships. This is an affair which so nearly concerns the interest of the insurance offices, that we cannot but suppose atten- tion will be immediately paid to it; for we hope party- feeling is on the wane in Canton; and trust that it never attained to that degree as to wantonly disregard proposi- tions which involved the safety of human life and pro- perty. Lintin can scarcely be considered as a very safe roadstead; and the transhipment of goods must, occasion- ally, not only be liable to long delays in blowing weather and strong tides, but even be attended with some danger, and extreme labour. We are not prepared to point out the precise spot which should be the dépôt for foreign goods; but, as the outside trade is more iſ..., to encrease than diminish, it seems proper for the interests and credit of the foreign mercantile community in China to bestow some pains in selecting the least objectionable anchorage for the shipping entrusted to their management. AMERICA. PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE. (Delivered to both Houses of Congress Dec. 2, 1834.) (Abridged from the Philadelphia Commercial Herald, Dec. 3rd, 1834.) We continue the abridgment of this document, from our last number. After explaining the state of the finances, and showing that after discharging all current appropriations, and the last item of the public debt (which was done on the 1st of January, 1835), an effective balance would remain in the treasury of 440,000 dollars. “That such”—the President proceeds to say, That such should be the aspect of our finances, is highly flattering to the industry and enterprize of our population, and auspicious of the wealth and prosperity which await the future cultivation of their growing resources. It is not deemed prudent, however, to recommend any change for the present in our impost rates, the effect of the gradual reduction now in progress in many of them, not being sufficiently tested to guide us in determining the precise amount of revenue which they will produce. Free from public debt, at peace with all the world, and with no com- plicated interests to consult in our intercourse with foreign powers, the present may be hailed as that epoch in our history the most favorable for the settleument of those principles in our domestic policy, which shall be best calculated to give stability to our republic, and secure the blessings of free- dom to our citizens. Among these principles, from our past experience it cannot be doubted, that simplicity in the character of the Federal government, and a rigid economy in its administration, should be regarded as fundamental and sacred. All must be sensible that the existence of the public debt, by rendering taxation necessary for its extinguishment, has increased the dif- ficulties which are inseparable from every exercise of the taxing power, and that it was, in this respect, a remote agent in producing those disturbin questions which grew out of the discussions relating to the tariff. If .# has been the tendency of a debt incurred in the acquisition and maintenance of our national rights and liberties, the obligations of which all portions of the Union cheerfully acknowledged, it most be obvious, that whatever is calculated to increase the burdens of government without necessity, must be fatal to all our hopes of preserving its true character. While we are felicitating ourselves, therefore, upon the extinguishment of the national debt, and the prosperous state of our finances, let us not be tempted to depart from those sound maxims of public policy, which enjoin a just adaptation of the revenue to the expenditures that are consistent with a rigid economy, and an entire abstinence from all topics of legislation that are not clearly within the constitutional powers of the government, and suggested by the wants of the country.—Properly regarded, under such a policy, every diiminution of the public burdens arising from taxation, gives to individual enterprise increased power, and furnishes to all the members of our happy confederacy, new motives for patriotic affection and support. But above all, its most important effect will be found in its influence upon the character of the government, by confining its action to those objects which will be sure to secure to it the attachment and support of our fellow-citizens. The views taken by the President of the U. S. as to the baneful effects of corporations in a free country, is of peculiar interest at the present time, when an enquiry is being carried into the corporations of the U. K. We can easily conceive that the President is of the same opinion as the lord Chancellor Thurlow as to the nature of corpora- tions; “That they have neither bodies to be kicked “nor souls to be damned.” It is clear that all power given to chartered companies is diverted from the legitimate possessor; namely: the government; and the very existence of privileged corporations is incompatible with equality of rights. Moreover, they soon become so powerful as to defy the government; and, what is worse, they are perpetuated: death relieves society from an individual extortioner, but corporations are immortal. Circumstances make it my duty to call the attention of Congress to the bank of the United States.—Created for the convenience of the government, | * . 79 that institution has become the scourge of the People.—Its interference to postpone the payment of a portion of the national debt, that it might retain the public money appropriated for that purpose, to strengthen it in a political contest—the extraordinary extension and contraction of its accommodations to the community—its corrupt, and partisan loans—its exclusion of the public directors from a knowledge of its most important proceedings—the unlimited authority conferred on the president to expend its funds in hiring writers, and procuring the execution of printing, and the use made of that authority— the retention of the pension money and books after the selection of new agents—the groundless claim to heavy damages, in consequence of the protest of the bill drawn on the French government, have, through various channels, been laid before congress. Immediately after the close of the last session, the bank, through its president, annonnced its ability and readiness to abandon the system of unparalleled curtailment, and the interruption of domestic ex- changes; which it had practised upon from the 1st of August 1833 to the 30th of June 1834, and to extend its accommodations to the community. The grounds assumed in this annunciation, amounted to an acknowledgment that the curtailment, in the extent to which it had been carried, was not necessary to the safety of the bank, and had been persisted in merely to induce Con- gress to grant the prayer of the bank in its memorial relative to the removal of the deposits, and to give it a new charter. They were substantially a con- fession that all the real distresses which individuals and the country had endured for the preceding six or eight months, had been needlessly produced by it, with the view of affecting, through the sufferings of the people, the legislative action of Congress. It is a subject of congratulation that Congress and the country had the virtue and firmness to bear the infliction; that the energies of our people soon found relief from this wanton tyranny, in vast importations of the precious metals from almost every part of the world; and that at the close of this tremendous effort to control our government, the bank found itself powerless, and no longer able to loan out its surplus means. The community had learned to manage its affairs without its assistance, and trade had already found new auxiliaries; so that on the first of October last, the extraordinary spectacle was presented of a national bank, more than one half of whose capital was either lying unproductive in its vaults, or in the hands of foreign bankers. To the needless distresses brought on the country during the last session of Congress, has since been added the open seizure of the dividends on the public stock, to the amount of one hundred and seventy thousand and forty-one dollars, underpretence of paying damages, cost, and interest, upon the protest- ed French bill. This sum constituted a portion of the estimated revenues for the year 1834, upon which the appropriations made by congress were based. It would as soon have been expected that our collectors would seize on the customs, or the receivers of our land offices on the moneys arising from the sale of public lands, under pretences of claims against the United States, as that the Bank would have retained the dividends. Indeed, if the principle be established that any one who chooses to set up a claim against the United States, may, without authority of law, seize on the public property or money wherever he can fined it, to pay the claim, there will remain no assurance that our revenue will reach the treasury, or that it will be applied after the appropriatium to the purposes designated in the law. The paymasters of our army, and the pursers of our navy, may, under like pretences, apply to their own use moneys appropriated to set in motion the public force, and in time of war leave the country without defence. This measure resorted to by the bank is disorganizing and revolutionary, and if generally resorted to by private citizens in like cases, would fill the land with anarchy and violence. It is a constitutional provision, that “no money shall be drawn from the Treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law.” The palpable object of this provision is to prevent the expenditure of the public money. for any purpose whatsoever, which shall not have been first approved by the Representatives of the People and the States in Congress assembled. 1t vests the power of declaring for what purposes the public money shall be expended, in the Legislative Department of the Government, to the ex- clusion of the Executive and Judicial, and it is not within the constitutional authority of either of those Departinents, to pay it away without law, or to sanction its payment. According to the plain constitutional provision the claim of the Bank can never be paid without an appropriation by act of Congress. But the Bank has never asked for an appropriation. It attempts to defeat the provision of the constitution, and obtain payment without an act of Congress. Instead of awaiting an appropriation passed by both Houses, and approved by the President, it makes an appropriation for itself, and invites an appeal to the Judiciary to sanction it. That the money had not technically been paid into the Treasury, does not affect the principle intended to be established by the constitution. The Executive and Judiciary have as little right to appropriate and expend the public money without authority of law, before it is placed to the credit of the Treasurer, as to take it from the Treasury. In the annual report of the Secretary of the Treasury, and in his correrpondence with the President of the Bank, and the opinions of the Attorney General accompanying it, you will find a further examination of the claims of the Bank, and the course it has pursued. It seems due to the safety of the public funds remaining in that Bank, and to the honor of the American people, that uneasures be taken to separate the government entirely from an institution so mischievous to the public pros- perity, and so regardless of the constitution and laws. By transferring the public deposits, by appointing other pension agents, as far as it had the power, by ordering the discontinuance of the receipt of bank checks in pay- ment of the public dues after the first day of January next, the executive has exerted all its lawful authority to sever the connexion between the govern- ment and this faithless corporation. The high-handed career of this institution imposes upon the constitutional functionaries of this government, duties of the gravest and most imperative character—duties which they cannot avoid, and from which I trust there will be no inclination on the part of any of then to shrink. My own sense of them is most clear, as is also my readiness to discharge those which may rightfully fall on me. To continue any business relations with the bank of the United States that may be avoided without a violation of the national faith, after that institu- t on has set at open defiance the conceded right of the government to examine its atairs; after it has done all in its power to deride the public authority in other respects, and to bring it into disrepute at home and abroad; after it has attempt- ed to defeat the clearly expressed will of the people by turning against them the immense power intrusted to its hands, and by involving a country otherwise peaceful, flourishing, and happy, in dissension, embarrasment, and distress— would make the nation itself a party to the degradation so sedulously prepared for its public agents—and do much to destroy the confidence of mankind in 80 THE CANTON REGISTER. popular governments, and to bring into contempt their authority and ef. ficiency. In guarding against an evil of such magnitude, considerations of temporary convenience should be thrown out of the question, and we should be influenced by such motives only as look to the honor and preservation of the republican system. Deeply and solemnly impressed with the justice of these views, I feel it to be my duty to recommend to you, that a law be passed authorising the sale of the public stock; that the provision of the charter requiring the receipt of notes of the bank in accordance with the power reserved to congress in the 14th section of the charter, be suspended until the bank pays to the treasury the dividends withheld; and that à"; laws connect- ing the government or its officers with the bank. directly, or indirectly, be repealed; and that the institution be left hereafter to its own resources and In eans. Events have satisfied my mind, and I think the minds of the American people, that the mischiefs and dangers which flow from a national bank far overbalance all its advantages. The bold effort the present bank has made to control, the government, the distresses it has wantoniy produced, the violence of which it has been the occasion in one of our cities famed for its observance of law and order, are but premonitions of the fate which awaits the American people should they be deluded into a perpetuation of this institution, or the establishment of another like it. It is fe','ently hoped, that thus admonished, those who have heretofore favored the establishment of a substitute for the present bank, will be induced to abandon it. as it is evidently better to incur any inconvenience that may be reasonably expected, than to concentrate the whole moneyed rower of the republic in any form whatsoever, or ecder any restrictions. Happily it is already illustrated that the ageacy of sºch an institution is not necessary to the fiscal operations of the government. The state banks are found fully adequate to the perform tace of all services which were required by the bank of the United States, quite as pron ptly, and with the same cheapness. They have maintained themselves, and discharged all these duties, while the bank of the United States was still powerful, and in the field as an open enemy; and it is not possible to conceive that they will find greater diffiuculties in their operations, when that enemy shall cease to exist. The attention of Congress is earnestly invited to the regulation of the deposits in the State banks, by law. Although the power now exercised by the exccutive department in this behalf, is only such as was uniformly exerted through every Administration from the origin of the government up to the establishment of the present bank, yet, it is one which is suscepti- ble of regulation by law, and, therefore, ought so to be regislated. The power of Congress to direct in what place the treasurer shall keep the moneys in the treasury, and to impose restrictions ºnct, the executive authority, in relation to their custody and removal, is unlimited, and its exercise will rather be courted than discouraged by those public officers and agents on whom rests the responsibility for their safety. It is desirable that as little power as possible should be ieft to the president or secretary of the treasury over those institutions—which, being thus freed from executive influence, and without a common head to direct their operatich. - ...ald bave neither the temptation nor the ability to interfere in the political conficts of the country. Not deriving their charters from the national authoridies, they would never have those inducernents io meddle in general elections, which have led the bank of the United States to agitate and convulse the country for upwards of two years. The power of the executive government of the U. S. to devote the public moneys to effect internal improvements in the country, is wisely questioned by the President. Such power would soon mix up the executive govern- ment with local feelings and predilections: speedily elevate it into a patron and degrade the citizens into clients. 'Regarding the first bill that had passed the two houses as “the entering wedge of a system, which, however weak “at first might soon become strong enough to rive the “bands of the union asunder"—-the President withheld from it the executive approval. By thus acting solely from his convictions and on his own responsibility, the President has put a final stop to government jobs, elevated the character of Congress and faithfully preserved the constitution of the U. S. in it's first simplicity. We are in no danger from violations of the constitution by which encroach- ments are made upon the personal rights of the citizen. The sentence of condemnation long since pronounced by the American people upon acts of that character, will, I doubt not, continue to prove as salutary in its effects as it is irreversible in its nature. But against the dangers of unconstitutional acts which, instead of menacing the vengeance of offended authority, proffer local advantages, and bring in their train the fººtronage of the government, we are, I fear, not so safe. To suppose that because our government has been instituted for the benefit of the people, it n.ºst therefore have the power to do whatever may seen to conduce to the public good, is an error, into which even honest minds are too apt to fall. In yie'ding themselves to this fallacy, they overlook the great coasiderations in which the federal consti- tution was founded. They forget that in consequence of the conceded diversities in the interest and conditiºn of the different states, it was fore- seen, at the period of its adoption, that although a particular measure of the government might be beneficial and proper in one state, it might be the reverse in another—that it was for this reason the state would not consent to make a grant to the federal government of the general and usual powers of government, but of such only as were specifically enumerated, and the probable effects or which they could, as they thouga", safely anticipate: and they forget also twe, paramount obligation upon all to abide by the compact, then so solemnly, anº" as it was hoped, so firmly established.—In addition to the dangers to the constitution springing from the sources I have stated, there has been one which was perhaps greater then all.—I allude to the materials which this subject has afforded for sinister appeals to selfish feelings, and the adaptation to the opinion heretofore so extensively entertained of its purposes of personal ambition. With such stimulants it is not surprising that the acts and pretensions of the federal government in this behalf should sometimes have been carried to an alarming extent. YANker. Notions. It is in New Englar" that you find Jonathan at home. In the other States, there is a mixture, greater or less, of foreign ponulation; but in New Frg'and the population is homogeneous and native — the emigrant does not settle there— the country is too full of neople, while the fertile soil of the west holds out superior attractions to the stranger. It is no lubber land; there is no getting half a dollar a day for sleeping, in Massachusetts or Vermont; the rocky soil and rough climate of this region require thrift and industry in the occupant. In the west, he may scratch the ground, throw in the seed, and leave the rerº to nature: but here his toil int-t never be remitted; and, as valor cornes of sherris, so doth prosperity come of industry. The southern planter who visits the east and finds time whole land a gardºn, wonders why the fat fields k-d the warm sky of his own region do not preduce the same picture, and in his endeavours at an explanation, ascribes it to the tariff—wher-as the difference in the two regions arises from the regular and natural operation of things: it is solely the effect of industry. What is Cape Cod but a heap of sand? yet it maintains thirty thousand people, and there is not a berga: among them. All the tariffs that could be devised never world ruin New England, were they framed ex proprio motu of Georgia or South Carolina. While the Yankees are themselves, they will hold their own, le: nolitics twist about as they will. They are like rats; throw them up as you please, they will come down upon their feet. Shut their industry out from one career, and it will force itself into another. *}rw up twenty sources of their pro-perity, aud they will open twenty more. —They have a perseverance that will never languish while any thing re- mains to be tried; they have a resolution that will try any thing, if need be, and when a Yankee says “I’ll try,” the thing is done. Roston is hut the fourth city in the Union as to population, yet in many points it may be considered the chief; a metropolis there never will be in the United Strtes--I mean for practical purposes—as London is to Great Britain, or Paris to France,—fºr Washington will never be a great city. There may be an overgrown population at New York, and there may be a Federal government for ever within the ten miles square, but reither of these, nor any other spot, will ever be able to assume to itself the whole powers of a metropolis. No city will exercise a moral dictation over the rest, or over the country; no city will give the tone in politics, or set the fashions in literatºre, for the whole Union. New York and Philadelphia owe their great population to the numbers whom they receive from the other portions of the Union, and the other side of the Atlantic. Boston has grown by internal angmentation only, or accretion from its immediate neighbourhood; in consequence. it exhibits nothing of that shifting and heterogeneous charrºwer which marks the great cities of the south. In those cities you find masses of people who know little of each other, diverse in origin, dissimilar in habits, discordant in tastes. difficult to calculate upon, or to combine for any common end; but the Bostonians are as one man—they know each other, understand each other; whatever anects one portion of the community, affects the whole; they nave a perfect unity of feeling and stability of character. This has ever been their peculiaritv, and to this it is owing that the revolution first exploded in their city. Had Boston been as New York, Faneuil Hall would never have bett, he cradle of American liberty. Whatever the Bostonians do, they do com- monly with great unanimity ari effect. To do a thing “in Hoston style” is proverbial through-out the country, as signifying a thing done with superior promptness and execution. With sixty odd thousand inhabitants, Boston will raise more money in a given time, for any public purpose, than either New York or Philadephia, with more than 200,000 each. It is the chief city too, for literature and the fine arts; for your Vankee, with all his thriftiness, is a huge buyer of books, and will bid higher for pictures than any body else on the western side of the Atlantic. As New England is to America what Tuscany is to Italy, so may we contintº the paralled, and compare Boston to Florence, which cities resemble each other a more points than one. Roston, like Fiorence, is distinguished for letters and the polite arts, for the talent of its citizens, for their early love of liberty, and for the appear- wnre of the city, the beauty of its situation, the splendour of its edifices, the cleanliness of its streets, and the general appearance of industrº, wealth and comfort; while for the orderly obaracter of the population, their sobriety of habits, and the correct tone of moral feeling tilat prevails among all ciasses, it may chalienge a comparison with any city, large or small, upon the enrth. Some well-intentioned but ignorant people, ºn their zeal to encourage the consumption of cold water, have been in the ha'it of telling one another that much intemperance has prevailed there; this is a totally wrong impression. I have seen more persons intoxicated at Rome iu ten days, than I have seen in Boston for ten years. Koston, however, is by no means the whole of Yankee-land. Paris, we know, is ałi France, and London may carry all England withersoever she listeth. Not so in America. Brother Jonathan, with all his guesses, is another guess sort of a person: the Yankees of the country cannot be led by those of the capital, except, perhaps, in the fashion of a go-to meeting coat, or the hue of a riband. There is a watchful jealousy among the In, whi. * is forever on the look-out, lest the capital should get an undue asceniancy; no matter what the pºint in question may be, it would create an alarin among the lowest yeomen of Berkshire and Worcester counties, were it to be noised abroad that Rºston had one feather's weight more in- fluence than was aflowed her by charter and section of the constitution. Urban influence can thus get no ascendaney; the city has not, like a great heart, all the life blood of the community at command; the country is all heart. All the great cities were occupied by the enemy during the re- volutionary war, yet was not the land conquered—I should rather say the people were not conquered. “Men,” says Sir William Jones,” and not cities, constitute a state.” There does not exist that diſſerence between town and country manners in New-England which you find in most other countries. Education, books, newspapers, and the facilities of communication between all parts, bring the different classes upon a level. The rustic dresses the same as the cit—when he undertakes to be dressed, discusses the same topics of news, and shows the same degree of information on common matters; and as to his speech and behaviour, he must be a rare animal among his neighbours who displays boorish manner, or talks bad English. “The land of steady habits” has sometimes been used as a nickname for the country; but nothing is more applicable. ?iabits are so stable, and the whole moral frame of society is so well organized among these people, that, were ali restraints of law removed, things would go on as usual: they are a law to themselves. 86 THE CANTON REGISTER. THE PROVINCIAL CITY. On the night of the 25th of the 4th moon (May 22nd) eight men, stripped to the shoulders, abruptly rushed into the dwelling house of Hoo, in Fragant-herb street, and seized some matrasses, coverlids, and various articles of wearing apparel. Hoo ran out of the door, and called for assistance to seize the robbers; but the neighbours had all retired to rest. Hearing the alarm of thieves given, the watchman and some others brought lanterns and came to help, but the thieves had got off with their booty. Many men then enquired as to the extent of the loss. The conversation was not finished when eight thieves again came, and went to another house, and began plundering. Luckily, the watchman and the others had not separated, they gave the alarm, pursued the thieves, seized two, and took them before the magistrates; the other six got clear off. The next evening, between 8 aud 9 o'clock, the same six thieves again came in the neighbouring Ya-ho- tang, Slender-lily-pond street—which is the abode of gay women—and began stealing. It happened that the Wae- wei, or sergeant, Chung and guard were going their rounds, and seized four of them. On the 27th day they were taken before the Pwan-yu-heen to be examined, with the articl, s first stolen. In their examination all the six said they were weavers; and for several months past, all the foreign ships that had come to Canton, had traded very little in silk-goods; consequently the weaving trade had become very bad; and they had no money to enable them to follow any other; that they had nothing to eat, and that it was hard to bear starvation; therefore, they had no resource but to go thieving, &c. Each man was sentenced to receive forty blows, and wear the collar for one month. - On the 29th of the moon (26th May), as a rather good- looking woman stepped outside the door of her husband's shop—-a small wine and grain store—at Kaou-ke in the western suburb, it happened that three or four evil-disposed youths were passing by. Seeing the good appearance of the woman, they stationed themselves before the door, gazing intently at her, and began to utterindecent language, which brought upon them the anger of the master of the shop, who drove them away. The youth's hearts were wounded; they became enraged, and both parties began to abuse each other. Not long after they had left, they returned, bringing more than ten accomplices with them, each grasping a sharp knife; and, greatly enraged, they began fighting with the shopman: but one cannot oppose many, and he was soon wounded and thrown down on the ground. The neighbours, seeing the sharp knives, did not dare to interfere. Luckily, there was a military sta- tion not very distant, with a sergeant She commanding; the neighbours ran and reported the affair to him. He, with some picked men, came and seized four of the rioters, and took them before the Nan-hae-heen. It turned out that all these men are cornelian-stone cutters. On the 2nd day of the 5th moon (28th May) the Ying- to temple, which is situated within the great south gate, was crowded with people, who took the image of Ying-to, who is a famous doctor of the second century, vide San-k:wo-che, the records of the three kingdoms—and para- ded it through the streets, accompanied by drums and young girls, selected for their good looks, and dressed up in ancient stage costume. The heat and noise were extreme. This idolatrons procession was made in consequence of the prevailing sickness, the people desiring to propitiate Ying-ter, whom former ages promoted to be a god after his death. The prayers of sick persons are addressed to Ying-to. - - Rumours of an insurrection in the northern province of Shaw-se reached Canton on the 29th ult. Fung-yang-foo is the name of the disturbed district. It is said that two Che-Heens have been killed. º In Tsang lane, near the gate of great tranquillity, outside the city, is the temple of the deified warrior Kang- Qu, g—a god of the Taou sect. On the 3rd of the moon— 29tla may—in consequence of the prevailing sickness, the inh abitants of the lane paraded the image through the streets, in order to subdue all noxious influences. Last sunday was the 5th of the 5th moon, the celebrated Twan-woo festival, when the chinese strive to excel in running Dragon-boats. Carpe diem is their motto on all holidays, and they abandon business and rush into enjoy- ment with that determination of living whilst they live which is now only seen amongst this peculiar people—and perhaps was only equalled by the roman Saturnalia. PETITION TO THE KING IN COUNCIL. By one of the late vessels from China we have received a copy of a peti- tion to His Majesty in council which has been forwarded by the merchants of Canton in consequence of the recent collision between lord Napier and the local authorities. The document is too long for insertion in our columns; but as it appears to embody the sentiments of the principal English residents in China, we shall take this opportunity of noting its leading features. The petitioners commence by stating that the extraordinary position in which they have been placed renders some representation from them to His Majesty absolutely necessary. They then advert to the fact that not one of the individuals appointed to superintend the British trade to China is allowed to reside within the limits over which his authority extends. They object to the powers given to lord Napicr. and particularly to the force placed at his disposal, as quite insufficient; and express their firm conviction that the most dangerous course that can be followed, in treating with the chinese government, or any of its functionaries, is to submit quietly to their overbear- ing conduct. They suggest, therefore, that the fullest powers may be given to the next chief commissioner, and that he be despatched to the east coast of China with a squadron composed of a ship of the line and two frigates, and instructed to require, direct from the court of Pekin, reparation for the insults offered to lord Napier, and remuneration for the losses sustained in consequence of the stoppage of the trade. Should he, howerer, fail to receive the satisfaction demanded they then proposed that the coasting trade of the Empire be stopped and chinese ships of war captured, until the desired arrangements are entered into; feeling confident, at the same time that, as soon as matters are fairly represented, the supreme government will be found ready to accede to any fair aud reasonable propositions. With respect to the appointment of a new chief commissioner they add that it is extremely desirable tº at no one known to the chinese as connected with the company’s factory be advanced to that post; and conclude by stating their utter hopelessness of obtaining any redress if the course hitherto pursued towards the chinese be persevered in by His Majesty's government. The petition is drawn up with ability, and arguments are brought for- ward at great length in support of most of the positions which are advanced in it. We think it cannot fail, therefore, to have considerable weight with the authorities at home.—Bombay Courier, 3 Feb. 1835. Fas est et ab hoste doceri is politic and wise; but less selfish feelings should govern us when our friends are either our instructors or approvers; and gratitude as readily prompts an acknowledgment for wisdom learnt from the experience and admonitions of our friends, as selſ pre- servation does to profit from the examples of our enemies. We are grateful for the notice of the petition taken by our Bombay cotemporary, although we may think that the important mercantile connexious of the two ports of Bom- bay and Canton should have induced him to have reviewed it at greater length, and expressed candidly the opinions of the British community of Bombay on it's policy and merits. We wish we had only the pleasing task of expressing our thanks to the Bombay Courier for his hasty notice of a very important document: important from it's intrinsic subject-matter, and important from the community which originated it: the body of British subjects resident in Canton; who have deemed it their duty to approach their sovereign with advice on a great affair and at a momentous crisis. But with our thanks we must express some degree of surprise that the Bombay Courier should have mis-under- stood any part of the petition, and attributed propositions to those merchants which they most certainly have never recommended. - In the above short notice of the petition by the Bombay Courier, para. 3d, it is said; Should he, however, &c. which we have printed in italics. Now, the Bombay Courier can only allude to the following passage in the petition: Your petitioners would humbly entreat your Majesty's favorable view of these suggestions, in the confidence that they may be acted upon, not only with every prospect of success, but without the slightest danger to the exist- ing commercial intercourse, inasmuch, as even with a force, not exceeding that which we have proposed, placed at the disposal of your Majesty's ple- nipotentiary, there would be no difficulty, should proceedings of a compulsory nature be required, in putting a stop to the greater part of the external and internal commerce of the Chinese empire;—in intercepting its revenues in their progress to the capital, and in taking prossession of all the armed ressels of the country. Such measures would not only be sufficient to evince both the power and spirit of Great Britain to resent insult, but would enable your Majesty's plenipotentiary to secure indemnity for any injury that might, in the first instance,be offered to the persons or property of your Majesty's subjects; and would speedily induce the Chinese government to submit to just and reasonable terms. We are, at the same time, contident that resort even to such measures as these, so far from being likely to lead to more serious warfare, an issue which both our interest aad inclinations alike prompt us to deprecate, would be the surest course for avoiding the danger of such collision. THE CANTON REGISTER. In the petition, the British merchants of Canton simply presume to assure H. M. in council of the facility with which Great Britain can resent insult from the chinese; but most assuredly they do not propose reprisals, should the next chief commissioner fail to receive the satisfaction demanded: such is a most absurd inference. The “should “proceedings of a compulsory nature be required,” point to something more than a mere refusal to give the satisfaction demanded. Compulsory proceedings can and will only arisefrom future acts of aggression on the part of the chinese government; and it is to prevent the necessity of such proceedings that the "merchants humbly suggest to H. M. in council that the next chief commissioner may be directed, previously to landing, to require ample reparation for the insults and injuries of 1834; and, when that reparation is accorded, then to commence his diplomatic relations with the chinese government, in order to adjust measures that may ensure future mutual safety and tranquillity. How false, then, is the view in which the Bombay Courier has placed the British merchants of Canton by his hasty and ill-considered abridgment of their petition!— Why, even if he had only taken the trouble to read and understand the marginal synopsis he could not have arrived at a conclusion so unjust. But we attribute the misap- prehension only to haste, or rather to hurry; and we trust that in the petition, the sentiments and wishes of the inhabitants of British India are embodied as well as those of the handful of their countrymen and fellow subjects who are resident in China, and feel oppressed and injured by the chicanery of her officers and the operation of her exclusive and alienahuman laws and regulations. INTRoduction of Buddhism iNto Chiva. The emperor Ming-te, was well versed in the doctrines of the ancient classics. He had an excellent teacher, and possess, d a clear understanding. His wife, the empress Ma-che, a daughter of the celebrated general Ma-yuen, was a most excellent woman, and greatly contributed towards rendering illustrious the name of her husband. In the year 65, he is said to have seen in a dream, a giant. This vision brought to his remembrance a saying of Confucius “that the holy one was in the west.” Upon the representation of the prince of Choo, his brother, with a deputation of eighteen mandarins, was sent to Hindostan (Teen-chuh), for it was rumoured, that a great teacher had risen in that country. They returned with Ho-shang, a Buddhist priest, who brought with him several of their classics in the Pali language, and presented the emperor with a large picture of Buddha. Thus the superstition which teaches nothing but the most absurd system of idolatry and atheism, entered China, where it has maintained its ground up to the present day. The prince of Choo, anxious to gain partisans, in order, according to a prediction, to ascend the throne, patronized this new doctrine. But instead of rising to so high a dignity, he lost even his fief, and was banished. We are astonished, that the Chinese, so averse to innovations, should have adopted Buddhism; and that an emperor, like Ming-te, who established schools and promoted education to a very great extent, should have introduced a religion, which enjoins a state of stupefaction and apathy, as the nearest approach to celestial bliss. Nevertheless all this took place. No further proof is wanting, that human reason is prone to error; and that we ought, with the deepest veneration, to receive the oracles of God, the only guides in the path of truth. From this period we may date the general spread of Buddhism over eastern Asia, which seems to have been hitherto confined to India. A Chinese Lady WRiter. Under his reign lived a celebrated lady, Pan-hwuy-pan, sister to the historian Pankoo. She was descended from an ancient, noble family, and excelled in learning, as in modesty. Married to one of the literati at the age of fourteen years, she acquitted herself of the duties of a wife and mother so excellently, that she has become a pattern for all succeed. ing ages. Her brother Pankoo, was just engaged in the revision of Sze-ma- tseen, and the composition of the history of Han, when she became a widow, and assisted him materially in his labours; when Tow-heen being disgraced, her brother shared, as a partisan, the same lot, and died of grief in a prison. The emperor to make up, at least, in some degree, for the dishonour done to the family, assigned to Pan-hwuy-pan apartments in the palace. Here she published the joint labour of herself and her brother, a history, which com- mences with Kaou-tsoo, and ends with Wang-mang, from 206 b. c. to A. D. 23. She became finally the instructress of the empress, and was the leading star of the imperial court. In this capacity she wrote her instructions for females, comprised in seven rules, in which she asserts that the female sex is the lowest of the human species, and that to them belongs the execution of inferior duties. Formerly, when a daughter was born, she was laid on the ground upon rags, where she was for three days forgotten and neglected. On the the third day the father presented her to the family, whilst he laid before her some bricks, her only toys. “Think on the degraded state, young ladies, which nature has assigned to you, and fulfil your duties accordingly! But the daughter does not always remain a daughter; when, having reached the state of maturity, she becomes a wife; and it is in this state of life that she has to show the most implicit obedience to her lord; her all belongs to her husband; she has nothing to claim, nothing to possess; her husband is her heaven, her all. Her husband possesses the most unbounded liberty; he may marry during the life of his wife, or after her death, as many wives as he chooses; but in a woman a second marriage is criminal. She has to obey the relations of her husband with pious reverence, and to serve them in every way. Even when she is repudiated and neglected, she ought to Hove and to obey her husband.” Such are the sentiments of China's greatest daughter upon her own sex; if she had said, you ought to be the abject §7 one sentence. But this most unnatural degradation of the fair sex rero; 3 with double force upon their oppressors, who will remain semi-barbarian- so long as they enslave the fairest and most virtuous part of the hulnau species. This celebrated writer died in the 70th year of her age, prai, ºf and regretted by all the learned of the empire. She is still considered as 91.5 of the best writers that China ever produced. Gutalaff’s History of China. Vol. I, Pages 250 a 254. REMARKs cowcrºning this oonDrtion of FEMALEs IN CHINA. It has been justly remarked that a nation's civilization may be estimated y the rank which females hold in society. If the civilization of China tº judged of by this she is surely far from occupying that first place which she so strongly claims. Females have always been regarded with contempt by the Chinese. Their ancient sages seem to have considered them scarcely worthy of their attention. The sum of the duties they required them tº perform is, to submit to the will of their masters. The lady, say they?. who is to be betrothed to a husband, ought to follow blindly the wishes ºf . her parents, yielding implicit obedience to their will. From the monent when she is joined in wedlock, she ceases to exist—her whole being is absorbed in that of her lord. She ought to know nothing but his will, and to deny herself in order to please him. Pan-hwuy-pan, who is much admired as a historian, composed a book of instructions for her own sex, in which she treats of their proper station in society, the deportment they shonla exhibit, and the duties they ought to perform. She teaches theni that they “hold the lowest rank among mankind, and that employments the least honorable ought to be, and in fact are their lot.” She inculcates entire submission to their husbands, and tells them in very plain termá that they ought to become abject slaves in order to be good wives. We cannot expect that these doctrines, inculcated as they are by a lady, who ought to advocate the cause of her sex, and by one held in so high repute as is Pan-hwuy-pan, will be overlooked by the “lords of creation;"especial- ly as they accord so perfectly with their domineering disposition in China. Confucius, the prince of letters, divorced his wife without assigning any cause for doing it; and his followers have invariably adopted similar arbitrary measures in their treatment of the weaker sex. The price which is paid to the parents of the bride consitutes her at once, a saleable com- modity, and causes her to be regarded as differing little from a mere slave. In the choice of a partner for life she acts only a passive part. She is carried to the house of the bridegroom, and there disposed of for life by her parents. The birth of a female is a matter of grief in China. The father and mother, who had ardently hoped, in the unborn babe, to embrace a son, feel disappointed at the sight of a wretched daughter. Many vows and offerings are made before their idols in order to propitiate their favor and secure the birth of a son. The mercy of the compassionate Kwan-yin especially, is implored to obtain this precious gift; but after they have spent large sums of money in this pious work, the inexorable goddess fills the house with mourning at the birth of a daughter. “Anciently,” says Pan- hwuy-pan, “the female infant was thrown upon some old rags by the side of its mother's bed, and for three days was scarcely spoken or thought of: At the end of that time it was carried to a temple by the father, accompanied by attendants with bricks and tiles in their hands.” “The bricks, and tiles,” says Pan-hwuy-pan in her comment on those facts, “signify the con- tempt and suffering which are to be her companions and her portion. Bricks are of no use except to form enclosures and to be trodden under foot; and tiles are useless except when they are exposed to the injuries of the air.”—Chinese Repository, Vol. II. No. 7. Nov. 1833. After the first column went to press, a friend favoured us with the intelligence that the MAvis brought news from England to the 15th of Dec. vià Singapore, and has informed us that Sir Robert Peel is first lord of the treasury, the duke of Wellington secretary for foreign affairs, lord Lyndhurst lord chancellor, and that the parliament had been dissolved. If the duke has really studied and can pass his examina- tion before his new schoolmasters, the reformed house of commons, we think he is in the very station he ought to be, if he is to be a cabinet-minister, and if he will honestly confine himself to the duties of that station. It is gratify- ing to see that we are all on the road to improvement, both schoolmasters and scholars; but, as we think no better is to be had, we earnestly recommend the Canton Registerto the duke as his vade mecum on our affairs. The &rnor Fila, has rumººn the ºut. dan brought safely back the adventurous party who left us in April last to attempt to penetrate to the Bohea hills of Fuh- keen. We regret to say that they failed in their endeavours to gain access to that highly cultivated and interesting dis- trict. They passed through the entrance of the Min river on the 7th of may in a pleasure boat, containing 13 men; namely: Mr. Gordon, the chief of the expedition, and the two reverend Messrs Gutzlaff and Stevens, Mr. Gordon's servant, a tindal and eight lascars; and to avoid Foo-chow-foo, the provincial capital, which stands on the left bank of the river, they made a détour amongst some islands, lost their way. were obliged to retrace their path, and eventually to pass Foo- chow-foo in the middle of the day on the 9th of may. The slaves of your husbands, she would have comprehended her seven rules in local officers allowed them to pass without speakiug them. S THE CANTON REGISTER. - - f They were followed, however, by some government vessels, who kept a respectable distance astern; and nothing occur- red to excite them but the beauty of the scenery and the highly cultivated state of the country, which gradually rises, on both sides of the river, to lofty mountains; and, occasional- ly, even abruptly from the river's banks; and where a flat spot intervenes between the banks and the foot of the hills, it is planted with orange and mulberry trees. . Of grains, more wheat and barley were observed growing than rice. They ascended the river against a very strong current for about 70 miles, when one day they were unexpectedly attacked from both banks, by a fire of matchlocks and swivels, which knocked away part of the gunwale of the boat, and wounded Mr. Gordon's servant, Lewis Fernandez, and one of the boat's crew. Properly considering it foily to persevere against such unexpected, determined, aud even treacherous opposition, they turned their boat's head, and during their voyage back were towed by a government boat through the passage in which they lost themselves in enter- ing. The chinese wanted to prove the tow a triumph: but they would not allow them even an oration; and cast off the tow-rope whenever the chinese forgot themselves. By proper firmness they not only extorted respect and attention from the chinese officers, but even some degree of servility. They rejoined their ship without any further damage, and anchored at Lintin last week. This hasty notice we have written from the kind verbal cominunication of a friend who was on the expedition. We trust we shall soon be able to publish a full at , correct account of the whole proceedings. CASE OF THE SHIP HERCULES. Mr. Weeding said, he had another motion to make to which he hoped the tourt would not object. It was for the production of such papers and docu- A. ments as might elucidate the reasons for withdrawing the license of the ship Hercules, which to him appeared most unaccountable and unjust. “That all papers and correspondence of the President and select com- mittee cf Supracargoes at Canton respecting their revocation of the license of the Hercules on the 11th July 1833, be laid before this court.” Sir Charles Forbes said, he would oppose the production of the papers, as the gentlemen in question had intimated, in a pamphlet he had published that he intended to bring the matter before another tribunal. Weie the matter to be decided by this court he would have no objection to the production of every paper connected with the subject. Mr. Weeding had hoped he should have the support of the hon, bart. in this motion, when he stated a few facts connected with it. He had not brought it forward with reference to individual interests, but as it referred to the interests of India. Here was a case where a property of a million and a-half of dollars embarked in the opium trade had been placed ... jeopardy by (as he understood ) the acts of the company's agents at Canton. He wished to know whether this was done advisedly or not? He asked only for information. He obſered no opinion whatever upon the case; and upon the nature of the information which he might receive with resp ct to it, would depend the course which he should take. If the court acceded to his motion, he took it for granted that the court of directors would give all the informa- tion which they had received relating to it. The motion not being pressed, the matter fell to the ground. STEAM COMMUNICATION WITH INDIA. The Court of Directors have given notice, that they have directed the go- vernment of Bombay to despatch the Hugh lindsay steam vessel on or about the 10th of february next from Bombay, so as to admit of her arriving at Suez in time to meet a branch packet which the Admiralty have intimated their intention of despatching from Malta to Alexandria, and which will leave Alexandria, on its return to Malta, on or about the 15th, and not later than the 20th of March next; and also that they have further directed that the Hugh Lindsay shall remain at Suez till the arrival of the London mail, which will be despat,hed by the Mediterranean packet from Faimouth on the 3rd of March next. Death of Morqua. This occurred on the 7th of May, about 10 o'clock, P. M. at his residence in Honan, AE. 49. It is not easy to determine whether the sensation produced by the announcement of this sad event, bears the strongest testimonyagainst the individual, or the native inhabitants of Canton who were acquainted with him. From all, except his relatives and personal friends, there seems to be one universal expression of joy, that he is taken away. It is proper, no doubt, to throw the ‘mantle of charity' over the misdeeds of the dead, so far as they have no connection with the living. It is possible, in the present instance, that sufficient allowance is nºt made for the circumstances of the individual. Being one of the senior merchants of the co-hong, he was often compelled to be the organ of the government; and in this way he sometimes drew down on himself censure when it was not due; He was, however, evidently unfriendly, to the extension of the rights and privileges of foreigners in this country. He possessed nominal rank; and has, we understand, been at the capital, where he formed an early oculuaintance with his excellency Loo, the present governorof this province. Great efforts are being made, by the employment of priests and nuns to secure for him an entrance into ‘the temple of heaven.' The coffin in which his body is to be laid cost $370. - Fuqua, it is said, continues to urge his request for a speedy removal intº banishment, that “he may not die in the midst of his troubles in Canton.' It was supposed that his family had secreted a large amount of property for private use; but his wives and daughters, six of the former and eleven of the latter, have testified before the hoppo that such is not the fact. His debts to the government, amounting to 300,000 taels and upward, of course cannot be paid. - Monday, 11th May. Imprisoned linguist. When the rumor went abroad, the other day, that the prisoners of Canton were to be liberated, the friends of Hopin immediately took courage and presented a petition with money to obtain his release. But the falling of rain or some other cause changed the determination of the authorities, (if indeed they had ever determined on per- forming such an act of justice,) and after delaying the petitioners four days, gave them a flat denial. It will be remembered that this man was imprisoned last July, on the false charge, that lord Napier came to Canton in a ship of which he was the linguist. The pilot, of the same ship, who was imprisoned at the same time, and who was also to be sent into banishment, is reported to have died on the 5th instant. Reports of this kind are sometimes manufactured by the underlings in the governmental offices: they accept a certain sum of money; his death is put on record; and the man, sometimes changing his name and sometimes not, goes free. - (Canton Repository for May, 1835.) YANkee Notions. The Yankees are distinguished, above all other men, for a certain capacity which, in the language of the country, is termed con- tricance; this is that sort of ingenuity, invention, or skill, which enables an individual to turn his hand to any occupation, or to devise a scheme for any sudden emergency. Thus, it a Yankee is crossing the Alleganies on horse- back, and is overtaken by a snow storm, he will jnmp into the woods with his hatchet, and in three hours time, will be riding over the snow upon a sledge of , is own construction. The records of the Patent office at Wash- ington exhibit a striking testimony of the superiority of these people in ingenuity; by far the greater number of inventions are from new England. A Yankee farmer is a sort of Jack at all trades; he not only delves the soil and goes to market, but he is carpenter, shoe maker, weaver, cooper, soap beiler, and more trades than these. He turns wooden bowls, nakes buckets, sets up shooks, weaves baskets, manufactures brooms, and invents various kinds of washing machines. In this last mentioned matter, the new England idgenuity is inexhaustible, and one would imagine that the “second virtue” of cleanlines had been elevated to the first rank in this land, such a wilderness of patent gimcracks have sprung up in the attempt to usurp the honors of old Dumb Betty. It is a Yankee's main study to be “improving” every thing; his very langunge brºathes this spirit, for he who occupies a tenement is said to “improve” it. To leave a thing no better than he found it, seems to him no fair usage of the globe via in babit. In travelling over the kingdom of Naples, and contemplating the wonders of that favored iand, its fertile soil, its genial climate, its admirable capaci- ties for commerce, and the contrast exhi'ited to all these advantages by the sloth and ignorance of its population, its beggars, and brigands,-1 have been struck with the whimsical imagination of the scene that might ensue were a plain Yankee taken from his plough-tail and placed on the throne of the Two Sicilies. His Majesty would begin a regular overhaul of the whole body- politic the morning after his coronation. “What's this I see?” says the King. “Where are your overseers of “he high-ways—your school commit- tees—your select men?—What idle fellows are these in the streets? What are these bells ringing every day? What means this crowd of ships lying behind the mole with nothing to do? or this marina, the water's edge of my great city, waere I see no piles of merchandise, no trucks nor dray-carts driving at out with goods, uor lalf the busines doing in a month that is done on Poston Long Wharf in two hours? Come, bustle, occupy; set the lazzaroni to work upon the roads; send the children to school; make a railroad here and a turnpike there; oridge this river and canal that; hang the Calabrian robbers: give the monks a rouse; go into the churches, and strip me those tº umpery shrines; sell the gold and silver and jewels with which they are heaped, and the interest of the money will support all the poor of the king- doin, for I'll have no beggars nor idlers while my title is Jonathan the first. People shall mind their business, for I will abolish these festas, which come every other day, and are good for nothing but to promote idleness.-Hence- forth there shall be uo festas but fast, thanksgiving, and independence. Set me up a newspaper in every town; take me a census of the population; fine every district that don't send a representative to the general court. I’ll have every thing thrashed and set a-bucking, even to the vernaculor speech, for dolce far niente shall be routed from the Italian.” Now Jonathan the first might not understand quite so much of the antiquities of Pompeii or the beauties of the Callipygian venus as Ferdinand the second; yet, if the Neapolitan would not make a profitable swap by the exchange, mine is no true “Yankee notion.” Macao, 24th May, 1835. To the Editor of ibe Canton Register, Bear Mr. Editor, "Tis no less strange than true that misfortunes never come single; another accident having occurred at Lintin since the publication of your last paper. Captain C's boat having capsized and he had, as I unaerstand, a very narrow escape. 1 perfectiy concur with your correspondent “A Sufferer,” that Lintin is, for several reasons, one of the very worst places t!...at could be chosen as an anchorage for tº:e numerous ships which isnain outside; and as this sºme outside trade is extending, and, from a variety of circumstances, will most probably continue to increase, and that to a very great extent, it is high time to consider of the most adva:tageous situation available, and which would prove the most eligibie, both in point of security and general convenience. In my humble opinion, Cumsingmoon on the Macao side has anany advanta- ges over all others; in addition to it's being perfectly secure, it has the same advantages as Liatin in point of couvenience, being in the direct line between Macao and Canton. As for Capsingmoon, it is considerably more exposed, in addition to which it is so very much out of the way, that ships on arriving, are frequently two or three days in working in, and rice rersa; the risk to the underwriters being thereby very much encreased, besides which, the com- munication between that place and Canton is in the bad months attended with much inconvenience, delay, and risk. Surely these facts (the truth of which almost very one admits,) offer a strong argument in favor of the Cumsing moon anchorage; and in discussing a question of such importance, where the safety ºf peºple's lives is considerd, and so much valuable property is at stake, the baneful influence of party spirit should for once be thrown aside, and the security of life, property, and convenience of the public be alone consulted. Yours, CoMMox sense. THE (DANIDAD\l REGISTNEB2 “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. vol. 8. Tuesday, June 9TH, 1834. no.2a.º. (+ see Price Current ) - ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID, C A N T O N. The British vessel Forth, Robinson, arrived on the 3rd instant, from Calcutta. Soon aſter the shipping intelligence had been printed off in our last number, the British vessels, M Avis, Reynell, and S1 R H E R B ERT TAYLOR, Steward, ſrom Calcutta, were reported. A few English papers up to the 3rd of december reached Canton by these opportunities. - It is not the métier of this ultra-eastern hebdomadal journal to comment upon the daily changes of ultra western official appointments. Neither shall we occupy our pages with anticipations of what may be there or here. These arrivals have not brought us any certain news. And we have not any local news of peculiar interest to communicate to our readers. The arrival of the governor is daily expected, from the neighbouring province of Kwang-se. Reports concerning the events in the disturbed pro- vinces of Shan se and Kwei-chaw are current, but of doubtſul authority. The protection of the late Doctor Morrison to the Canton Register must ever be reiner bered with gratitude by those who gathered both pleasure and instruction from his numerous contributions. But it should not he ſorgotten that the expenses of obtaining all that learned chinese lore, were defrayed by the company, who were well able to patronize a chinese scholar who so fully repaid them by his important services. Various facilities of obtaining local information from natives were also aſſorded under the auspices of that then influential body. But we have lost Doctor Morrison; and we think we do not wrong the public- spirited originator of the Canton Register when we say that, without the contributions of that first of chinese scholars, it would not long have been a record of occurrences interest- ing to foreigners. - We have only premised these remarks as an apology for the deficiency of the Canton Register in subjects of native interest. We are not forgetful of our duties, neither will we slacken our endeavours ; but we must solicit the indulgence of our readers whilst we are endeavouring to qualify ourselves better for our task. THE PROVINCIAL CITY. June 2d. This morning very early H. E. the military commander in chief went to the Shwuy-sze-Ying (Naval cantonment) to review the naval soldiers (marines”) below the banner; that is, the descendants of the chinese army which assisted the tatars to subdue the empire. After the review, he debarked from his boat at the foreign- factory landing place, and returned to his office through the west gate of the city. He was attended by a number of tartarized-Chinese officers, Tso-lings and Hee-lings (Majors and Lt. Cols.), wearing blue buttons, and Fang yus(captains), wearing chrystal buttons. The titles and duties of the ºtive army are very different from the emperor's own. Perhaps the British forces in India, european and native, may exhibit some striking similitudes in those particulars. June 4th. The three tribute-bearers from Siam—who ar- rived in the fall of last year—reached Canton about 9 o'clock this morning, and embarked from Tow-lan-poo-tow, the landing place of the premises occupied by lord Napier, when in Canton, as the British Consulate. Each of them were in chairs, with four bearers. - They have been treated very liberally by the emperor, who has conferred buttons, two blue and one crystal, upon them. They were accompanied by their own interpreter, who had a golden button conferred on him; he was car- ried in a chair by two bearers. He held an imperial pro- clamation in his hand. “These tribute-bearers are for the most part all opium-smokers,”—says our chinese reporter—“because I saw their servants carrying in their “hands the opium utensils, as they followed the chairs, “It was an extraordinary spectacle, both from the ap- “pearance and talking of them all; and I never before saw “public officers followed by their opium-smoking utensils. “No one smokes opium publicly in China: it would be “altogether disreputable; and it is always done secretly “or in private.” - June 5th was the birthday of the Nan hae-heen's mother. The usual visits and presents were made, and blessings invoked on her age. Within the official court a Peking play was performed. On the night of the 2nd inst. the late Mowqua's funeral rites were performed ; one of which is to burn a bamboo and paper model of his residence, that he may lodge there while on his long journey. The coffin was taken, in procession, to the Pih yun-sze, the white cloud buddhist temple, there to remain until his place of interment is select- ed. Priests, both of the Taou and Fuh sects, have been hired by his son, Ying-ke, to perform mass to obtain forgiveness of his sins. The absence of bigotry in the chinese character is admirable. They are wise enough to try to get to heaven by any gate; therefore they purchase the prayersofall their own religionists. Would it not be just as well if Romanist, Lutheran, Calvinist, Arminian, and Methodist would unité in their prayers round the bed of a dying brother; and aid him on his passage, when he has departed for that bourne from whence he will never return? The riches and resources of China have often been ex- tolled by strangers: many writers of topography have assert= ed, that it does not stand in want of any foreign produce, and that it can therefore entirely dispense with foreign trade. Situated in the best climates, possessing the most fertile plains, and enriched by the metallic treasures of its mountains, it has in itself sufficient, and is enabled to scatter with a bountiful hand its surplus: admitting this as an incontestable truth, it would be very preposterous to propose the extension of foreign trade upon the principle of mutual advantages. As, however, the wants of an over- flowing population cannot be supplied by the produce of the land, and a bad harvest invariably entails starvation, sºme reasons, exist, which are strongly in favour of measures, whereby an unrestrained importation of grains might be ensured. We should consider this as one of the greatest benefits conferred upon the maritime provinces, and should urge it inost strongly in favour of the freedom of trade. - We are aware, that the largest foreign importations would only supply the wants of a few, and that the govern- ment would rather see the people starve, than behold foreign THE CANTON REGISTER, * follows:—Of congou,3794 chests; of bohea ‘...º.º.) 518 chests; af pekoe, 307 chests; of hyson, 284 chests and 300 boxes; of gunpowder, 248 boxes; of twankay, 22i chests; and of hyson skin, 208 chests and 50 boxes, making a total of 5332 chests and 1084 boxes. The total deliveries of teas in the last three months, ending on the 1st instant, have been 7,754, 752ibs. ( Liverpool Standard, 5th Dec. ) ( Morning Herald ) Iu the Chinese Repository for May is an article on Fire Insurance in Canton, which we have republished, slightly abridged, in our columns of to day. The subject is one of much interest, both to foreigners and natives; and if the former would interest themselves in the establish- ment of Fire and Life assurance offices in China, such institutions would doubtless prove an approximating cause of freer intercourse with this peculiar people. From the saving habits of the chinese, and the self denying care with which they reinit from foreign parts pecuniary assistance to their families—for proof of which aimable traits of filial and parental affection, vide Gutzlaff's journal—we should augur success to the endeavours of the first projectors. When the nature of fire and life assurance is well understood by the chinese, the institutions and customs of the empire—of which the tilth commandment of the Jewish decalogue may be cal- led the exemplar—and their habit of early marriages, will scarcely fail to induce them to consider it a moral duty of life to use the saving and protective advantages thus placed within their reach. We weſl remember the fire of 1822, when—F“The “flowery gaiety and glory of Canton was at once consumed, “like the gaudy insect that rushes into the burning flame.” That fire could have been extinguished soon after it commenced, if the efforts of Europeans had been encou- raged; they could have pulled down the houses situated in the path of the flames; but this measure was too vigorous for the apathetic chinese, who absolutely remained shut up in their houses until they were literally burnt out. The wind from the northward, which freshened early on the morning succeeding the night of the fire, rendered it altogether impossible then to stop the progress of the flames, which were at that time raging in four or five parallel streets; and they rolled down towards the river with awful rapidity and roaring, sweeping before them a suffocating atmosphere of smoke. The wall flanking the English factory to the northward repelled the flames; and if the window opening to the westward from the kitchen into Sin-tow lan, or Hoglane, had been covered with wet blankets &c., it is probable the company's hong and warehouse would have escaped; for the fire made it's way through that opening and thence quickly into the dining hall and library; it then spread rapidly to the warehouse and thence to the Dutch factory. . The creek undoubtedly was a protection to that part of the suburb situated on it's eastern side; but the fire was capricious in many places, and it is not easy to account for the escape of some buildings. The writer of the article on Fire Insurance in the Canton Repository, truly remarks that the coolies employed in the foreign trade, both by natives and foreigners, have become expert firemen since that dreadful visitation; and from their enduring activity and sober habits it is highly probable that a Canton Hand-in- hand would easily raise an eſlicient establishment. It is to be hoped that the influential part of the foreign community will bestow their serious attention on this important subject. In the same number of the Repository are three other articles highly creditable to their authors. The first, on Education among the Chinese, and the second, on The Chinese government and constitution, contain much useful inſormation. The third, Notices of modern China, is doubt- less from the pen of a corresponding resident in Canton; and such a paper proves that there is a spirit of research and study among our very small community that may lead to the hap- piest results to foreigners and natives; whilst too much praise cannot be given to those who amid the almost incessant cares of a mercantile life can still find leisure for literary occupa- tion; and, what is still more deserving of praise, devote that leisure to subjects of local and immediate interest, instead of abandoning it to the pleasing but less useful pursuit of general reading. FIRE INSURANCE IN CANTON. From a Correspondent. f 41.-1.-1.--> *----. 41.2 ſº.-1.-- P------ was... fa. Af... - on r \, 9] tion of the nature and character of the risk, that would obtain on the establish- ment of a fire insurance society may not be useless. * …, If this inquiry be fairly followed in regard to the subject under considera. tion, it may be found to be not only of a practicable nature, but beneficial to ºre. of such a society, and highly satisfactory to our constituents at home. ºf . The untried nature of the subject renders it one of no small difficulty. Th great fire of Canton in 1822, stands athwart the subject, and threatens to everwhelm every rational notion we may be disposed to entertain, and without consideration, we are apt to conclude that that event is a panacea to every argument which can be adduced to show that the existence of the said fire has little or no weight in estimating the relative advantages or disadvantages of fire insurance in this place. The natural order of the subject seems to suggest an inquiry into the degrees of risk arising from the iocality of the place. This indeed is the most formidable, and perhaps the only, objection that can be urged. The proximity of houses, the narrowness of the streets, the coubustible materials that is to be seen in every direction, all combine to astound the casual or careless observer. Upon these, follow the great fire above alluded to, which closes his view of the subject, and fire iusurance is generally declared not practicable. These considerations alone, and they are certainly weighty ones, have induced many to form opinions averse to the question, and led them to doubt the applicability of fire insurance to Canto The diminution of fire risk must be deemed to consist, in the separation o of one risk from another or in their divisibility, and where this is not practica- ble, in the prevention of the extension of fire by strong partition walls. The great divisions of risks in China cannot be formed into more than four, of which Macao would constitute one, Honan on the opposite side of the river would form a second, and Canton divided by the creek, may be considered as making two more. It must therefore be admitted that so small a number is unfavorable to the object in view. But having fully admitted this objec- tion, there will be found, upon examination, a number of circumstances act: ing in mitigation; and could we only put aside the great fire of 1822, which is constantly coming before us as a knock down fact, (while all the reasons which render it a tangible object are lost sight of,) we might perhaps hope to make some converts; but in truth we are afraid to encounter it. - The writer of a prospectus which we have our eye upon in these observaz tions, proposes to confine the risk to be taken to European moveable property. This limitation reduces the subject to one of considerable simplicity, and we can consider: first, what would be the degree of risk attendant upon such property; and second, how those risks may be mitigated or reduced to the level of common fire insurance risks by proper and practicable arrangements. In the following observations we shall not, however, strictly confine ourselves to the division, but allude to the one or other, as the subject may seem to suggest. - We have observed that the greatest danger of fire in Canton arises from the contiguity of the houses, and the narrowness of the streets; but the degree . is different in the divisions we have point -d out. Insurance effected at Macao would not differ much from those in Europe; the houses and warehouses are generally separated from each other, and fire arising in one is not likely to be communicated to other buildings. - The same may be said of Honan; but in Canton, the contiguity of houses is uniform, except in the division formed b the creek. The position of the warehouses where moveable property woul be lodged, offers great facilities for the removal of it, from the fact that they are all on the river sile. This will presently be shown to be a circumstance, capable of being made so useful in the diminishing risks, as to reduce it below the ordinary level. The combustible appearance of the chinese houses, from the wood scaffoldings that are arised above them, induces us to apprehend danger in a greater degree than there is really any ground for. If à. is a source of danger, it is surprising that fires occur so rarely as they do. We shall find, however, that the sources of danger are much less in Canton, than they are in Europe, in regard to separate and distinct houses. - The existence of fires in chinese houses is but periodical. They aré lighted for culinary purposes twice a day only for a short period of time, and are extinguished when that object is fulfilled, which almost invariably occurs between sunrise and sunset. Their fireplaces, or fogongs as they are called are detached furnaces, having no connection with the walls of the house, an are generally placed upon brick elevations erected for the purpose. Their houses and roofs are entirely built of bricks and tiles as in Europe; and the anount of wood used internally is not greater than can be found in the struc- ture of houses elsewhere. The uses and existence of fires may therefore-bé considered as much less general than at home, where they are kept .# - b tº day and night, and several in the same house, and under very irregula cre and attention. Chimneys, which are the cause of many fires in England; fºrm no part of a chinese house; a mode of building that was probably induced by the short time fires were kept burning. At home, great stress is laid upon purtition walls; but in this respect, chinese houses are superior, as each one is built separate, and although placed in close conjunction, each has its own wall. But we do not conſidently assert this, although it appears to be thé get e.al mode of building. The solidity and thickness of the roof is a most remarkable feature, and would somewhat astonish an English builder, con- sisting of two or three layers of well burned tiles. Such appears to be the true features of chinese houses in relation to the influence of fire, and when these are contrasted with the nature of houses at home, the risk º fire taki place in any one, is much less in Canton than in London; and when we ad to this, the many fires that are burnt in one house in one place, and the few that are kindled in the other, it ceases to be a matter of surprise that so few ures occur at Canton. We now come to what appears to us to be of the utmost importance to § just consideration of the subject. This is the facility for removing goods front the place where the fire may occur. The writer of the prospectus proposes simply to insure foreign goods, the property of foreigners deposited in the hongs of the hong merchants, or chinese goods marked and numbered, add unquestionably known as foreign property. In fact, it appears to be merely his intention to protect the property of foreign merchants from the cohs sequences of fire, so long as it exists in a clear and tangible shape as such. The goods, therefore, according to his view, would be deposited in the hongs or warehouses of the hong merchants. These dre placed without exception on the borders of the river, and it does not appear to be a matter of difficulty to arrange some plan for a speedy removal of goods from danger. To enter into the various plans which might be adopted for this object, would too much lengthen the present uotice; but a sort 'of fire police might certainly be formed with the assistance of the hong merchants, or even without them, with the aid of our compradors under the superinten- dence of Europeans and other foreigners, who would no doubt readily devote --i- ~ * * *- - - - - - - - - - 392 THE CANTON REGISTER. surprise to us, that something of this kind has not been adopted before this time for the protection of the valuable property that often remains deposited where it is exposed to destruction by fire; but it does appear as if men, and “coolies, and boats, might be retained, and held in readiness in cases of -emergency, to act under the superintendence of Europeans for such protection. Each district or division might be marked out, and particular parties appro- ‘priated to each, and some general superintendence established for the organization of the whole. The chinese coolies have now become expert firemen, and are well acquain- ited with the use of the engine, and on all occasions of fire, animated no doubt by a common sense of risk, every-engine is speedily conveyed to the place of 'danger. At a fire that took place last year, in which thirty or forty houses are said to have been burned, no less than nine engines were counted on the spot; and most of them had arrived before any foreigners, who are sometimes quick in their attendance on such occasions. They are said to understand, and to E. in practice, the European system of tearing down or sacrificing one or two ouses for the preservation of those not on fire. These latter circumstances are mentioned principally to show that the chinese have acquired a certain knowledge of those tactics, and do actually put them in execution, which are considered most effectual in retarding the progress of fire. The example of Europeans has led them to appreciate the value of fire engines, and scarcely any hongs are without one or two of them, so that the supply may be con- sidered sufficient. - Although , we have chiefly dwelt upon the ficility there is for removing goods from the hongs of the hong merchants wh re they may be deposied, by means of the river, yet it is worth while to observe, that the ends of the hongs on the north are bounded by a street running parallel with the river; and although this street is not of so great width as to form a very effe, tual barrier to the progress of a fire, yet when it is combined with the circumstance of the solid brickwork with which each hong is terminated, it becomes a fact worthy of consideration. - - - We have said nothing of the fo eign factories, because the same reasoning applies to them as to the hongs, and perhaps in a much stronger degree. It will be remembered that in the fire ... little alarm was taken by Eu o- peans with regard to the factories until one or two hours after midnight; at least none took any practical steps for the security of their property. But when they did, a very considerable portion of it was removed. It is not necessary to pursue this subject any further. The instances adduc- ed will show that fire insurance may be put upon some pract cable footing; and although it cannot he said that these observations have placed the matter beyond doubt, yet the candid reader will confess that some approach has been inade to a better view of the subject, than has hitherto been entertained. Bombay Clipper.—The following are the proportions &c. ofthe vess-l launched at Mazagon on the 28th ult, and named, with the usual ceremony, “The lady Grant” by the lady of our new governor. Length between Perpendiculars - - - - 100.6. Ditto overall - - -- - - - 106,9. Ditto of keel for measurement ... - - - 85,4. Breadth of Beam for Ditto - - - - 24,4. Ditto Ditto, moulded - - - - 23,6. Depth of Hold in the clear - - - - 11,8. And admeasures 267 ºf Tons, or thereabout. - She has been built on the plan of the Baltimore Schooners, for great dispatch; is copper fastened throughout and coppered on a new principle on a Single bottom. She is intended for the opium trade to China.-Free Press, March 9. The following extract from the Morning Herald, which we find in the Spectator of the 1st November, will be interesting to our commercial readers: “The financial agency of the United States will be wholly undertaken by Messrs. N. M. Rothschild & Co., on and after the 1st of January next. Messrs. Baring & Co. are the present agens. Some disputes of no great importance are said to have led to this change."—(Cul. Courier, March 28.) We have much pleasure in again recording instances of the preservation of life by some of the east coasters. 'I hese frequent rescues from impending destruction cannot ſail to have their effect on the maritime population of Fuh-keen and Canton; and the chinese must consequently find that a closer acquaintance with barbarian friends is to be cultivated, as their lives may probably be saved, as well as profit made, by the intimacy. - Y4– × x< * X X- Brig , Lintin, May 28th, 1835. Dear Mr. Editor, Observing in the Register of the 28th ultimo an ex- tract of a letter from captain Geo. Kennody, stating the particulars of his having been the means of saving the lives of nineteen chinese, taken off the wreck of a junk near Namoa, and accompanied by some very just remarks from yourself, I have to state, for your further information, another similar fact. , Since that occurrence the lives of fourteen chinese have been saved by captain John Rees of the “Col. Young” (another of the vessels of Messrs. Jardine, Matheson & Co.) while at anchor in a bay in the neighbourhood of Chin-chew. During a severe gale, captain Rees observed a Junk strike on a rock near where he lay, and go to pieces. He immediately hoisted out his longboat, and with much difficulty and danger was the happy means of rescu- ing from death fourteen of her unfortunate crew. These he took on board the “Young” and kept them a day or two until the gale abated; when he took them ashore, and as they left him gave them a few dollars to enable them to return to their homes. When this circumstance became known to the villagers, some of them immediately came off to the “Young” to claim some dollars for those also of the crew of the Junk who had been fortunate enough to reach the shore by other means. This, claim was not of course acknowledged; however, the grateful inhabitants of the villages around, in return for the assistance rendered to their countrymen by captain Rees, sent off to him three joss- sticks and two small red wax candles. - *- : *-- - a 1--— — — — a -— — — if a 1-- - - - Junk driven on shore in a bay near Chin-chew, crew all saved; the other a junk, observed drifting before the wind at sea near chapel island, during the last voyage of the She was a perfect wreck, nothing but the foremast standing. Mainmast and all per upper works carried away. We ran down to her, and sent the jolly boat on board to lender assistance, if necessary. She was supposed to have been laden with rice, from the grain that was yet lying scattered about her decks, appearing as if she had been already boarded and plundered by fishermen. Not a rope was left; but four dead bodies were found, three in the cabin and one on deck, all lying on mats with their bed clothes wrapped around them, as if they had laid themselves down in despair. - From their greatly emaciated appearance they probably died from ex. treme thirst and suffering. As the bodies were in a state of putrefaction, they must have been dead some days, and probably before the Junk was plundered. I am, Your obedient servant, A CoastER. Manner of tea drinking in Uzbek Tartary. During the day I had seen a good d al of the people, for there were many visiters, and though most of them courted the great man, a few found their way to me in the corner. Nothing is done in this country without tea, which is handed round at all times and hours, and gives a social character to conversation, which is very agreeable. The Uzbeks drink their tea with salt instead of sugar, and sometimes mix it with fat; it is them called “keimuk chah.” After each person has had one or two large cups, a smaller one is handed round, made in the usual manner, without milk. The leaves of the pot are then divided among the party, and chewed like tabacco. . Yarkund. The period which has elapsed since the capture of Yarkund hrs no way diminished the precautions of the Chinese government. Yarkund is still considered but a out pos", and the communication between it and Pekin maintained in a mºst cha acteristic manner. The government of all the cities in Yarkund. The garrisons are recruited from boys of fourteen and fifteen, who are sent back after about as long a period of service. These soldiers of Alexander: they are Mahommedans, from the adjacent provinces, but dress as Chin se. They are never permitted to marry, or bring their families within fifteeu marches of the country, and are regarded as troops on foreign employ. The natives of the country rule, under the superintendence of the Ch nese oºſicers. The governor of Yarkund, who has the title of Hakim Beg, is subject to Casligar; and he, again, is under the Junjoom of Eela a large city, forty marches north of Yarkund. 'I he mode of cºmmunication with Pekin, or, as it is called, Bajeen, and their eastern provinces, is carried on with an arrangement and expedition purely ( hinese. The usual journey exceeds the period of five months; but an express may be sent in thirty-five days. Under great emergency, it is conveyed in twenty, and even fifteen days. “Oottungs,” or stages, where there are relays of horses, are erected every eight or ten miles, and one messenger is not even permitted to exchange a word with another. At each of these stages there are piles of wood, which are directed to be set fire to on the intelligence of a rising or invasion of the Mahommedans; and by this means intelligerce has been scnt from Yarkund to Pekin in six days, l have heard that fire-balloons are used instead of piles of wood; but I believe that in the latter we have the more simple and correct version of the tale. It was on this intimation that the last Chinese army was marched into Kokan; and it is said to have been assembled from all the cities of the empire, and amounted to 70,000 men. The military appearance of this body is said to have been truly singular. A great portion of the soldiers were armed with large m atchlocks, each of whico was borne by two persons. The Chinese of Yarkund interfere but little with the affairs of the country, and leaving it and its trade to the Mahommedan portion of the population, the authorities levy a duty of one in thiry; and their commercial regulations are just and equitable. The word of a Chinese is not doubted, nor does the tea ever differ in quality from the sample.—Burnes's travels. ~~~~~~~~ **-*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*. METEOROLOGICAL DIARY FOR MAY, - Thier M. B.A.R. - a "ºº-º- - night. noon. WINDS. $ 1 72 84 30:00 E a SE. fine weather, mod. breeze. h 2 71 85 30:05 SE.--———do.——do. Ö3 70 84 30:00 SE.———do.— light breeze. © 4 73 84 29.95 SE a SW.--do light vble. 1 5 73 82 30:00 SE a E. clay, with light showers in mid. part § 6 71 80 30:00 SE.---do-rain in latter part, mod, breeze. \{7 72 79 29.95 SE.——do.rain mid. & latter parts, fresh br. # 8 7477 29.85 SEaM.—do.—heavy rm.most pt. 1st pt.mod.br. h 9 67 76 99.80 N fine weather, mostly fresh breeze. O 10 62 64 30:05 N. cloudy, latterly light rain, fresh breeze. @ 11 59 64 80:10 N a SE clay.with It.rn at times, light vble br. 3 12 60 74 30:15 S. fine weather, light breeze. . ; 13 64 75 30:05 N.——do.——latterly a fresh breeze. ); 14 64 78 30:10 N. aSE.do. mºod. breeze, wble. * 15 66 78 30:05 SE’—do.————do. H 16 68 78 29:95 SE.—do.———do. " G) 17 71 82 29:90 SE.--do.————do. © 18 74 84 29:90 SE clay, with rh. 1st part mod. breeze. & 19 76 86 29:90 SEasS.W. clay. light rain at times—do. # 20 76 87 29.90 SE.cly.hy.rn thmr.&lght g mid.&lat mod.br. (21 69 75 30:00 NASEcldy,with rn.at times1stpt mod.br.latilt ? 22 74 80 , 29.90 SE. –—do.———do.——mod. breeze. * 23 75 82 29.85 S a SE.-do.—light rain at times, light br. O34 7.6 82 29:80 N a SE.1st pt.hy.rn.thndró:lghtg.mid&lat.rn. © 25 75 84 29:80, NE. fine wr, 1st&mid.light br.lat.clay.rn.ſr.br. & 23 78 79 29.85 E. clay, with rain, latter part by. rain,modbr. § 37 74 70 29.90 EassB.clay, with heavy rm. most part mod.br is left in the hands of A a tominedans, and there are not above 5000 Chinese , are drawn from the tribe of Toongance, who claim relationship to the army T H E DAlitº Dll tº distrials, “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “ press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. voº, e. TUFSDAY, JUNE 16TH, 1835. ---- - y PRICE 50 CENTS. No. 24. (Adrertisements, see Price Current. ) ALL Letters MUST BE POST PAId. C. A N "E" () N. Several vessels have arrived this week, but we have not yet received any newspapers from the ports whence they sailed. The American vessels, Ross END A Le, Wade, and BURLINGTON, Evans, from Sourabaya, LoN Do N, Brace, from Manila, and the British vessels, BEN cool, EN, Brown, from Liverpool the 14th of december, and the NER BUD DA, Patrick, and BA R RETTo JUNIOR, Saun- ders, from Calcutta, are those that have been reported. H. E. Loo, the governor of Kwan'ſ-tung and Kurang- se, returned to the provincial capital on the Sth instant. It is said that he is thinner in person and darker in complexion than when he left the city. We have been favoured with a file of Jarasche Courants for april, which contain London dates to the 20th of decem- ber. It is there said the following are some of the appoint- ments of the new ministry. Lord Aberdeen takes the colonies instead of the admiralty, and lord Gray is first lord of the admiralty. Lord Granville Somerset takes the woods and forests. Lord Lowther the chancellorship of the duchy of Lancaster. The board of control, lord Ellenborough, Sir Alexander Grant, and Messrs Planta and Sullivan. Advo- cate general, Sir John Beckett. Lord Combermere, either viceroy of Ireland or governor general of India. Sir James Scarlett, a peer. FLOATING BRITIS II II OS PITAL AT WHAM POA. We had the pleasure of informing our readers in the Register of the 27th of January that the first step had been made towards establishing in China a hospital for seamen ; and in the Register of the 17th of february was published the official notice of H. M. superinten- dents, authorizing James Matheson, Esq. to convene a meeting of all II. M. subjects in Canton for the pur- pose of instituting a British hospital at Whampoa or else- where for the reception of any of H. M. subjects, either seamen or others, needing medical care and relief. In pursuance of this notice a meeting was held on the 23rd of february at the British Hotel imperial hong; and at a general meeting of subscribers held at the same place in march, the following gentlemen were appointed a committee for framing regulations, namely; W. Jardine, Esq. (chairman) R. Turner, Esq. J. R. Reeves, Esq. Framjee Pestonjee, Esq. W. Blenkin, Esq. At another general meeting of subscribers held on the 13th instant—it having been adjourned from the pre- ceding day—at the house of Messrs Fox, Rawson & Co. the report of the committee was read and approved; and it was resolved that the committee should be empowered to appropriate a sum, not exceeding four thousand dol- lars, for the purchase of a vessel to be moored at Whampoa as a floating hospital. The time is now arrived for an appeal to the mer- chants and shipowners of the U. K. and of India general- ly, and more particularly to those engaged in the trade to China, in behalf of the Floating British Hospital at Whampoa. But we feel fully justified in making an appli- - cation on a broader basis, and we conſidently appeal to the British nation generally, to her colonies, and to her scattered sons—and where are they not to be found. And our appeal is for the British sailor, sick, diseased and crippled. Quae caret ora cruore nostro? In all morality, in all virtues—in all christian virtues— charity is the first; by the exercise of this one the ex- istence of the others is fairly presumed. That virtue is it's own reward is a trite observation, but we question it's truth. That self-approval is to be preferred to self-con- demnation is assented to as soon as heard; but the approval and encouragement of the world—particularly of the pre- sent world—are never found wanting to virtuous actions. Virtue, then, has its rewards from without as well as from within: that is, virtue in the abstract: a general course of moral and religious feelings governing our actions. Whilst self-denial is the basis of some other virtues, in the exercise of charity the natural feelings are in- dulged instead of being suppressed, and the heart is made better by a process at once purifying and most pleasing: this is the consequence of the general exercise of charity. In the particular exercise of that virtue in the instance of supporting the Floating British Hospital at Whampoa, self-interest—the pecuniary—the worldly inte- rests of all connected with British commerce are concerned. For it is clearly the interest of all merchants, adventurers, assurance offices, in short, of all mankind, that sailors, on whom their wealth and luxuries so much depend, should be preserved in health that they may do their duty. And when, by the exercise of their best feelings they ueces- sarily protect their best interests, what doubt can there be of their widely opening their purse-strings in aid of an institution so beneficial to a large portion of suf- fering humanity and so honorable to their national character. But that is not all. It is not intended to confine the benefits of this hospital only to British subjects. The natives of other countries will be freely admitted under the regulations made for the proper government of the institu- tions; and the chinese themselves, that is, the indigent, will be relieved gratis. We believe it is the intention of the committee to . publish for distribution a short account of the institution, of the principles on which it is founded and the regula- tions flowing from those principles. In the meantime, we trust that all those within immediate or speedy reach of it's coffers will hasten to aid the institution in it's outset; and let it be remembered that the trading season is fast approaching, when Whampoa harbour and Lintin roads will be studded with foreign vessels. We have not the least doubt that funds will be sub- scribed suſlicient to enable the committee to execute the first intentions of the subscribers and the purposes of the institution; and we entertain the most sanguine expec- tations that eventually—and in a short period—the Bri- tish hospital at Whampoa will not only be the source of the most wide-spreading good to the seamen of all nations frequenting the port of Canton, but that the natives them- selves and even the local government will take a lively interest in it's prosperity; and that pathology as taught in Europe may ere long dawn over the middle kingdom from the medical school of Canton. CHIN ESE INTELLECTUAL SYSTEM. When the waters had subsided, the human race des- cended from the high lands into the plains, and from the THE canton REGISTER. country from the state of degradation, stained by crimes, into which it had fallen, and to re-establish in it the ancient energy and purity. Confucius is by no means, the foun- der of a new religion; his doctrine only inculcates the amelioration of civil society; but he was very far from wishing to carry this reform by new institutions. There is nothing more perfect, he said everywhere, than the primitive institutions of the high-spirited sovereigns of past ages. Therefore, to snatch those institutions from oblivion, and to cause them to be generally known, he re-united, in works written for the purpose, history, natural philesophy, antiquities, customs and laws as well as the rules of music, which had been preserved from the commencement of the chinese monarchy to his own times. Of course, Confucius did not admit into these different selections, which, in all times, had been venerated by the chinese nation as sacred writings, anything that was opposed to his moral and practical doctrines. He not only rejected all the odes that contained a double meaning, but also, as a number of Laou-tsze's followers assert, many events and many customs which showed that the religion of reason had been observed in past ages by several sovereigns, and by a large portion of the chinese people. It cannot be said with certainty that Confucius did not acknowledge an Almighty being, superior to and governing nature; but it is certain that in his writings and discourses he has not expressed himself positively on this fundamental point of all religion and all philosophy. If his disciples turned the conversation on immaterial subjects, he either kept an utter silence, or gave evasive answers. One day he reproved one of his scholars by asking him if he was so well acquainted with the things of this earth, since he manifested so anxious a desire to know those beyond it. ( To be concluded next week. O We are still left without any English news later than the beginning of january: and the only subject of interest— beyond the sudden and unexpected change of ministry— is a reply from lord Melbourne to an address presented to him by the reformers of Oerby. That reply sets at rest the doubts as to the resignation or dismissal of the late ministry. Lord Melbourne says, “Upon this event “taking place (the loss of lord Althorp as chancellor of “the exchequer), it became my duty to take H. M.'s “pleasure as to whether he would command me to make “arrangements for filling up the vacancies which had been “thus occasioned, and H. M. was pleased to come to the “determination that he would not impose upon me that “duty, but would resort to other advisers. This is the “short and simple statement of the facts which have actual- “ly taken place.” Here the dismissal is clearly proved on the most satisfactory and surest evidence. On the foregoing sentence the Times argues thus.-‘‘With regard “to the dissolution of the ministry his lordship (lord “Melbourne) deals for the most part in general terms, “and these importing decided condemnation of the reports “which have been circulated by the press. In one ins- “tance only the late Premier states a distinct fact in “the affirmative—namely, that his efforts to supply the “place of lord Althorp in the cabinet were met by H. M. “with “an intimation that he would not impose such a “task upon him, but would resort to other counsellors."— “It would be interesting no doubt to ascertain, which lord “Melbourne has not given us the means of doing, at what “particular point of his lordship's communication with “H. M. and at what specific stage of his efforts to find “a successor for lord Althorp, this abrupt notice of the “royal disposition was afforded. Some unwelcome pro- “posal, we are convinced, must have been made to the “sovereign, for lord Melbourne nowhere says that the “intention to” resort to other counsellors “was notified to “him at an early stage of their deliberative interview at “Brigaton.” Now, we cannot discover any grounds in lord Melbourne's statement of his interview with H. M. for these refined conclusions of the Times. Lord Mel- bourne simply asks H. M. if he is to make arrangements for filling up the vacancies, and H. M. replies no:—he 1. t” *z, *-1-1 --- * :---------------- 1:--- 1 1. -- a -1.-1.-- I + ... --~~~~~~ 4. 95 that there was no deliberation in this interview which the Times is pleased to call deliberative. Moreover, lord Melbourne further says, “Iowe it to as gracious a sovereign “as ever minister had the honor and satisfaction of serving, “to declare that in coming to this determination, I believe “H. M. to have intended no personal slight to any man. “It was a decision of great public importance, and, there- “fore, to be made on public grounds alone. You will “observe that H. M. would not have discharged his duty “if he had permitted personal considerations, or a respect “to personal feelings to have influenced him at such a “crisis.” If, therefore, the fine-drawn inference of the Times is correct, and lord Melbourne did propose a successor to lord Althrop disagreeable to H. M. the king must then have determined to dismiss his ministers on that personal consideration alone, and lord Melbourne's declara- tion of his belief of the unprejudiced state of the royal mind must be untrue. For, supposing lord Melbourne had proposed some obnoxious successor to lord Althorp, whom H. M. disap- proved, would it not have been the proper course to have allowed his lordship again to see his colleagues in order to make, if possible, a more palatable choice?–Would not H. M.'s decided refusal be at once a personal slight to the pro- posed chancellor of the exchequer, and also to the whole of the cabinet, not unmixed, perhaps, with a little malice and revenge for the attempt to impose upon H.M. an of- ſensive minister?—The fact, as stated by lord Melbourne, appears perfectly intelligible, without endeavouring—as the Times has done—to prove either the incompetency of the ministry or the dislike and distrust of the king. We cannot now be many days without being informed in whom the king has been pleased to place his confidence, and whether the nation will follow him in his choice. The church is the word that is to make or mar an administration. If it is true that a majority of the English people are dissenters from the established church, and are therefore excluded from the universities and blighted with the stigma of being schismatics, it can scarcely be either hoped or desired that their claims and expectations will not obtain a fair and impartial hearing from the legislature of the country. Lord Kenyon, who, with Sir Robert Peel, who granted catholic emancipation, ingratis–is one of the champions of protestant ascendancy, has ad- dressed the christian protestants of Great Britain on the present crisis. He disclaims interference on political questions; yet we cannot understand how religion can be separated from politics in a country where a religion is made part and parcel of the law of the land, and where there is a church by law established. But lord Kenyon, being a protestant, has the following expression in his written address:– “Shall your king, like his sainted father”—This expression alone would lead us to doubt the purity of his protestantism, as well as his whole address ieads us to doubt his non-interneddling with politics. FRENCH CHARACTERISTICS. ( France, by H. L. Bulwer, Esq. ) - . . . polite Ness. We have arrived in France. We have seen Paris—the epi- tome of France—now lest us take within our view some of the characteristics of the French people. Many are those landmarks of manners in every nation which laws and circumstances will alter and efface; and many are those which laws and circumstances will alter, will modify, but which they cannot efface;—I proceed to consider both. What, reader, should I say of the ancient reputation which France enjoyed for politeness?... . . . . . , , , , , , “Je me recommande a vous,” was said to me the other day by an old gentleman dressed in very tattered garments, who was thus soliciting a ‘sou.’ The old man was a picture: his long grey hairs fell gracefully over his shoulders. Tall—he was so bent forward, as to take with a becoming air the position in which he had placed himself. One hand was pressed to his heart, the other held his hat. His voice, soft and plaintive, did not want a certain dignity. In that very attitude, and in that very voice, a nobleman of the ancient régime, might have solicited a pension from the Duc de Choiseul in the time of Louis XV. I confess that I was the more struck by the man- ner of the venerable suppliant from the contrast which it formed with the demeanour of his countrymen in general: for it is rare; now a days, I acknow: ledge, to meet with a Frenchman, with the air which Lawrence Sterne was Sö enchanted with during the first month, and so wearied with at the expiratiºn of the first year, which he spent in France. That look and gesture of the ‘petit marquis,’’ that sort of studied elegance, which, at first affected by the court, became at last natural to the nation, exist no longer, except among two or three grand seigneurs' in the Faubourg St. Germain, and as many beg. gars, usually to be found on the Boulevards. To ask with grace; to beg with as little self-humility as possible; here perchance is the fundamental idea which led, in the two extremes of society, to the same results; but things vicious in their origin are sometimes agreeable in their practice. , , , , 06 of it—like grace and beauty which beget inclinations at first sight, 'tis ye who open the door and let the stranger in.” I had the Sentimental Journey in my hand—it was open just at this passage, when I landed not very long ago on the quay of that town which Horace Walpole tells us caused him more astonishment than any other he had met with in his travels. I mean Calais. “Hail ye small courtesies of life,” was I still muttering to myself as gently pushing by a spruce little man, who had already scratched my nose, and nearly poked out my eyes with cards of “Hôtel ,” I attempted to pass on towards the inn of Mons. Dessin. “Nom de D . . ,” said the Commis- sionnaire as I touched his elbow, “nom de D . . , Monsieur, Je suis Français!”—and this he said, contracting his brow, and touching a moustache that only wanted years and black wax to make it truly formidable: I thought that he was going to offer me his own card instead of Mr. Meurice's. This indeed would have been little more than what happened to a friend of mine not long ago. He was going last year from Dieppe to Paris. He slept at Rouen, and on quitting the house the following morning found fault with some articles in the bill presented to him. “Surely there is some mistake here,” said he, pointing to the account. “Mistake, sir,” said the “aubergiste,’ adjusting his shoulders with the important air of a man who was going to burthen them with a quarrel—“mistake, sir, what do you mean?—a mistake do you think I charge a ‘sou' more than is just? Do you mean to say that? Je suis officier, monsieur, officier Français et j'insiste sur ce que rous me rendiez raison " " Now, it is undoubtedly very unpleasant to an Englishman, who has the same idea of a duel that a certain French “marquise' had of a lover, when on her death-bed, she said to her grand-daughter, “Je ne vous dis pas machere, de ne point avoir d'amans, je me rappelle majeunesse. Il faut seulement n'en prendre jamais qui soient au dessous de votre état.” It is doubtless very unpleasant to an Englishman, who cares much less about fight- ing, than about the person he fights with, to have his host present him a bill in one hand, and a pistol in the other. In one of the islands, which we ought to discover, whenever the king sneezes all his courtiers are expected to sneeze also: the country of course imitates the court, and the empire is at once affected with a general cold. Sneezing here then becomes an art and an accomplishment. One person prizes himself on sneezing more gracefully than another, and by a matter of general consent, all nations who have not an harmonious manner of vibrating their nostrils are justly condemned as savages and barbarians. There is no doubt that the people of this island are right; and these is no doubt that we are right in considering every people with different usages from ourselves, of very uncivilized and uncomfortable beha- viour. We then decidedly are the people who ought justly to be deemed the most polite. For instance—you arrive at Paris: how striking the difference between the reception you receive at your hotel, and that you would find in London! In London, arrive in your carriage! (that I grant is necessary )—the landlord meets you at the door, surrounded by his anxious attendants: he bows pro- foundly when you alight, calls loudly for every thing you want, and seems shocked at the idea of your waiting an instant for the merest triſle you can possibly imagine that you desire. Now try your Paris hôtell you enter the court-pard—the proprietor, if he happen to be there, receives you with care- less indifference, and either accompanies you saunteringly himself, or orders some one to accompany you to the apartment, which, on first seeing you, he determined you should have. It is useless to expect another. If you find any fault with this apartment, if you express any wish that it had this little thing, that it had not that, do not for one moment imagine that your host is likely to say with an eager air that “he will see what can be done—that he would do a great deal to please so respectable a gentleman.” In short, do not suppose him for one moment likely to pour forth any of those little civilities with which the lips of your English innkeeper would overflow. On the contrary; be prepared for his liſting up his eyes, and shrugging up his shoulders, (the shrug is not the courtier-like shrug of antique days, ) and telling you “that the apartment is as you see it, that it is for ‘Monsieur' to make up his mind whether he take it or not.” The whole is the affair of the guest, and remains a matter of perfect indifference to the host. Your land. lady, it is true, is not quite so haughty on these occasions. But you are indebted for her smile rather to the coquetry of the beauty, than to the civility of the hostess: she will tell you, adjusting her head-dress in the mirror standing upon the chimney-piece in the little ‘salon' she recommends— “que Monsieur s'y trouvera fort bien, qu'un milord Anglais, qu'un prince Russe, ou qu'un colonel du ième régiment de dragons, a occupé cette même chambre"—and that there is jnst by an excellent “restaurateur,” and a “cabinet de lecture’—and then—her head-dress being quite in order—the lady expanding her arms with a gentle smile, says, “Mais après tout, c'est a Monsieur à se décider.”—It is this which makes your French gentlemen so loud in praise of English politeness. One was expatiating to me the other day on the admirable manners of the English. “I went,” said he, “to the Duke of Devonshire's, ‘dans mon pauvre fiacre.” never shall I forget the respect with which a stately gentleman, gorgeously apparelled, opened the creaking door, let down the steps, and—courtesy of very courtesies!—picked, actually picked, the dirty straws of the ignominious vehicle that I descended from, off my shoes and stockings.” This occurred to the French gentleman at the Duke of Devonshire's. But let your English gentleman visit a French “grand seigneurſ’ He enters the anti-chamber from the grand escalier. The servants are at a game of dominos, from which his entrance hardly disturbs them, and fortunate is he if any one conduct him with a careless, lazy air to the salon.” So, if you go to Boivin's, or if you go to Howel's and James's, with what politeness, with what celerity, with what respect your orders are received, at the great man's of Waterloo Place— with what an easy ‘nonchalance’ you are treated in the Rue de la Paix! All this is quite true; but there are things more shocking than all this. I know a gentleman, who called the other day on a French lady of his acquaint- ance, who was under the hands of her ‘coiſfeur.” The artist of the hair was there, armed cap-à-pie, in all the glories of national-guardism, brandishing his comb with the grace and the dexterity with which he would have wielded a sword, and recounting, during the operation of the toilette—now a story of ‘Monsieur son Capitaine'—now an anecdote, equally interesting, of “Monsieur son Colonel’—now a tale of ‘Monsieur son Roi,” “that excellent man, on whom he was going to mount guard that very evening.” My unhappy friend's face still bore the most awful aspect of dismay, as he told his story. “By G–d, there's a country for you!” said he; “can property be safe for a momeut in such a country? There can be no religion, no morality, with such manners—I shall order post-horses immediately.” BokHARA. Trade with China. (From Burmes's travels.) Besides the Russian and British Indian trade, Bokhara carries on an ex- T.I., C.A.N.T.C.J. º.º.º.º.º. tensive and direct commercial intercourse with the chinese garrisons of Cashgar and Yarkund. A coarse kind of China ware, musk, and bullion, are received from that quarter, but the chief import consists of tea; and the extent of the trade, as well as the remoteness of the tracts by which it is brought, equally arrest our attention. The inhabitants of Toorkistan are inordinately fond of that beverage, which they drink at all hours: nine hundred and fifty horse-loads of tea, or about 200,000 lbs., have been this year brought from Yarkund to Bokhara. The greatest part of this quantity is consumed in Toorkistan, but little of it finds its way south of the Hindoo Koosh. The trade is carried on by the natives of Pudukhshan. These merchants praise the equity of the chinese, and the facilities of transacting matters of commerce with them. They levy a duty of one in thirty on all traders, which is very moderate. The tea is brought from the central provinces of China in boxes, by a tedious journey of many months. It is transferred to bags, and then sewed up in raw hides, as the boxes would not stand the journey. A horse. lord of 250 lbs. costs sixty tillas in Yarkund, and sometimes sells for a hundred in Bokhara: it is entirely green tea. The best tea found in Toorkis- tan is imported overland from a place called Tukht, in China, situated on the banks of a river, and sent by way of Astracan, in small tin or lead boxes. It goes by the name of “banca” tea, I believe from the tin in which it is packed: it sells for four rupees the pound, and is very high-flavoured. This tea is superior to any which I ever saw in England; and I have been informed that it retains its flavour from never having been subjected to the close atmosphere in a ship's hold or the sea air. The Persian trade is inconsiderable, from the unsettled state of the roads, and the hatred which subsists between the people, who differ in their religious tenets. The shawls of Kerman form the principal articles. Opium has also found its way from Persia to Bokhara, and is again exported to Yarkund and Cashgar, in China, where the same demand exists for it as on the sea-coast. In Bokhara it is sold for five tillas per maund of Tabreez.” These articles, as well as others of inferior note, are despatched by the route of Mieshid, in Khorasan. Bazar. My readers may now, perhaps, form some idea of the appearance of the inhabitants of Bokhara. From morn to night the crowd which assem- bles raises a humming noise, and one is stunned at the moving mass of human beings. In the middle of the area the fruits of the season are sold under the shade of a square piece of mat, supported by a single pole. One wonders at the never-ending employment of the fruiterers in dealing out their grapes, melons, apricots, apples, peaches, pears, and plums to a continued succession of purchasers. It is with difficulty that a passage can be forced through the streets, and it is only done at the momentary risk of being rode over by some one on a horse or donkey. These latter animals are exceedingly fine, and amble along at a quick pace with their riders and burdens. Carts of a light construction are also driving up and down, since the streets are not too narrow to admit of wheeled carriages. In every part of the bazar there are people making tea, which is done in large European urns, instead of teapots, and kept hot by a metal tube. The love of the Bokharees for tea is, I believe, without parallel, for they drink it at all times and places, and in half a dozen ways: with and without sugar, with and without milk, with grease, with salt, & C. With the twilight this busy scene closes, the king's drum beats, it is re- echoed by others in every part of the city, and, at a certain hour, no one is permitted to move out without a Tºrn. From these arrangements the police of the city is excellent, and in every stres large bales of cloth are left on the stalls at night with perfect safety. All is silence until morning, when the bustle again cominences in the Registan. The day is ushered in with the same guzzling and tea-drinking, and hundreds of boys and donkeys laden with milk hasten to the busy throng. The milk is sold in small bowls, over which the cream floats: a lad will bring twenty or thirty of these to market in shelves, supported and suspended by a stick over his shoulder. Whatever number may be brought speedily disappear among the tea-drinking popula- tion of this great city. Rigour of Mahommedanism. I have already mentioned the rigour of the Mahommedan law, which is enforced in Bokhara. A few additional instances will further illustrate it. About twelve years since, a person who had violated the law proceeded to the palace, and, in the presence of the king, stated his crime, and demanded justice accord- ing to the koran. The singularity of an individual appearing as his own accuser induced the king to direct him to be driven away. The man appeared the following day with the same tale, and was again turned out. He repaired a third time to the palace, repeated his sins, and upbraid- ed the king for his remissness in declining to dispense justice, which, as a believer of Mahomined, he intreated, that it might lead to his punishment in this world instead of the next. The ulema, or congress of divines, was as- sembled: death was the punishment; and the man himself, who was a moollah, was prepared for this decision. He was condemned to be stoned till dead. He turned his face to Mecca, and, drawing his garment over his head, repeated the kuluma, (“There is but one God, ond mahommed is his prophet!”) and met his fate. The king was present, and threw the first stone: but he had instructed his officers to permit the deluded man to escape if he made the attempt. When dead the king wept over his corpse, ordered it to be washed and buried, and proceeded in person to the grave, over which he read the funeral service. It is said that he was much alfected; and to this day verses commemorate the death of this unfortunate man, whom we must either pronounce a bigot or a madman. An incident similar to the above happened within this very year. A son who had cursed his mother appeared as a suppliant for justice, and his own accuser. The mother solicited his pardon and forgiveness; the son demanded punishment: the ulema directed his death, and he was executed as a criminal in the streets of Bokhara. . A merchant lately imported some pictures from China; which were immediately broken, and their value paid by the goverament; since it is contrary to the mahomedan laws to make the likeness of any thing on the earth beneath. On some subjects their notions of justice are singular. An Afghan plundered a caravansarai, and was sentenced to die; but permitted to purchase his blood according to the law if he exiled himself from Bokhara, because he was a foreigner. Before the arrangement had been completed, a second robbery occurred by a party of the same nation: the clergy decreed their death; and since they thought that the punishment of the first offender, together with the others, would present a more salutary and impressive example, they returned the blood-money, cancelled the pardon, and executed all the offenders. t A gold tilla is worth 13s. * Seven Pounds. hon. THE SºitMºi ººlººlºo “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” WOL. 8. FO R SALE. EW Holland Commissariat Bills on the lords of the Treasury in sets of f 100, 120, 250, 300, and 500—at 3) days sight. - Also Bills by the Court of Directors on the governor in Council at Bombay, at 60 days sight. THoMAs DENT & Co. Canton. 22nd June. 1835. NHE undersigned have formed a copartnership at this place and at - Batavia for the transaction of Cox, Mission 13t's Ness under the firm of 8. WAN Basel, Tori. AER & Co. M. J. St N N VAN BASEl.. Canton 12th June, 1835. G. M. To ELA.R. (Adrertisements, soo Price Cºrrent ) º-rº- ALL LETTERS rest PE POST PAID. C A N "3" (O N. Arrived the British vessels, MI AR 10 N, Tichards, ED- Mox ston E, Mc. Dougall, Is A BELLA, Rob ERTso N, Hud- son, from Calcutta, and LA D Y GRANT, Jeffrey, from Bombay. For other arrivals see Price Current. By the Isabella Robertson we have received Calcutta papers to the 29th of April. - Referring to the letter in our columns from “Gire me my own"—there cannot be a doubt that the Bengal govt. is decidedly wrong in addressing a public mail to private agents: for such and no more are the E. I. company's servants now resident in China. But we consider it altoge. ther indefensible in any one aspiring to the station of a public officer to impede or delay the delivery of private letters and newspapers by any second-thought-order; for snch the directions which the senior company's agent, impro- perly and without possessing any authority so to act, gave about three weeks ago to the posſm ster appointed by lord Napier and approved by the British community, appear to us to be: namely: that all packages directed to the cººpany's agents, although they m y be endorsed Post-office mail, are to be sent un-opened to their address. A packet of this kind is delivered at Lintin, and, if opened there, in a few hours the letters &c. may be delivered in Canton; but no, this is not to be. Trade is to be hood winked and private feelings outraged because, forsooth, the packet is misdirect- ed to the company's agents instead of to II. M. postmaster; and a delay of a week may arise from sending the packet from Lintin to the company's agents at Macao, and thence to Canton. What can be the motive for such an order?—We trust it will be altogether unavailing, firstly, by not being attend- ed to in the case of any packet containing letters—of which fact the postmaster, and others who have for years opened these packets must be tolerably good judges—and second- ly, by the Bengal govt. directing hereafter all public packets to H. M. postmaster. - We have been informed that the Dutch ship Admiral de Ruyter has arrived at Batavia with european news to the middle of february, but we have not received any Javasche Courants by the Zaanstroom, and we, therefore, can only communicate the above fact. A friend has favoured us with a printed report of the speeches delivered on the hustings on the 12th of January last, at the nomination of Sir George Murray—the master. general of the ordnance under the new ministry—and the Fox Maule, the rival candidates for Perthshire. Mr. Maule and his friends were received with the greatest distinction; Sir George Murray and his supporters with the most marked contempt and aversion. Mr. Small CHARLES GRANT, ru:55Ay, JJITH 22:5, 1835. Ego.25.).º, ; Keir, who nominated Sir George Murray, could not obtain a hearing, but the most indulgent attention was shown to Mr. Nairne, of Dunsinane, who uominated Mr. Maule, and to Mr. Condie, of Pit(juhanatrie, who seconded the nomination. Sir George Murray was not listened to, and during his speech—and be appears to have spoken for some time—sand and shingle were thrown upon the hust- ings. The sheriff, Mr. Maule, and the lord provost en- deavoured to preserve order, but the greatest confusion and noise prevailed during the continuance of Sir George's speech; consequently, hardly a sentence was heard. Mr. Maule, however, when he presented himself was received with great cheering, aud other demonstrations of welcome. He spoke at some length; we extract the following interesting part of his speech. - The subject to which I shall next allude, is one upon which, as it af. fects my honorable and gallant opponent, I should wish him to hear every word that I say. It is the relief of the Dissenters. (The whole assem- blage here observed perfect stillness.) During my canvass, I have all along made a point of avoiding allusion to this subject, except to the extent of stating my own opinions on it; but as I stated in my original address, that I conceived the Dissenters to have been ill-used at the hands of their late Representative, I feel bound, in this presence, to defend the charre. (Great cheers.) As I was on these very hustings at the time, I could not be mistaken as to the statement which Sir George Murray made, that he was a friend to the admission of i)issenters into the English universities. (Cheers.) I acquit him entirely of having pledged himself to Mr. Wood's bill, or the bill of any other individual, introduced or about to be introduced, into Parliament, regarding the Dissenters; but he certain- ly recognised the principle, that Dissenters ought to obtain admission into the universities; and, as a proof of his liberality, I may mention a circumstance which has occurred to my recollection at this moment, and it is this:—one of his own supporters, by way of consoling me for our defeat, said to me, “I believe you will find our man as good a Whig as your own.' (Cheers, and laughter.) Before going farther, I may explain in one word the mode of proceeding with hills before Parliament. When a bill is intro- duced, it is read a first time formally, in order that members may be put in possession of the subject. At the second reading, those who are against its principle, give their voices against it; but those who, though opposed to some of the details, recognise the principle, suffer it to go into commi -- tee, and, upon the third reading, if they find that the details have not betn annended to their satisfiction, they may vote against it, without being lia- ble to the slightest charge of inconsistency. (Cheers.) Now, Gentle- mon, Sir George Murray voted against the second reading of Mr. Wood's Bill, and left me no other alternative than to assume that he was adverse. to its principle. (Wehement cheering.) Gentlemen, in consequence of that, I, as an Elector, could not have supported him; and his conduct must now be judged by the constituency to whom he has appealed. (Immense cheering.) Before I part with this subject, let us compare lord Stanley's mode of acting on that question, with that of Sir George Murray. His lordship had expressed himself advorse to some of the details of the Bill; yet, recognising its principle, he gave it his suppºrt on the second reading. (Great cheering.) I shall now state my opinion upon this subject. As a friend of Civil and Religious Liberty, I recognise, in this Protestant country, the right of every one of choosing that path in religion which, he considers most conducive to his comfort here, and his safety hereafter, (cheers), and I shall be always an advocate of any measure, having for its object the relief of the Dissenters from those civil disabilities, and temporal inconveniences, which they suffer from a consºentions difference with the Established Church of the country. (Immens and universal cheering.) Frºm the occurrences at the nomination there can be little doubt that the ministerial candidate will be defeated; and as Perth is a trial country, the result of the election will be an index to the general return of members whom Scotland will send to the new parliament. A majority of 82 was in favour of Mr Maule at the close of the second day's poll. - The English papers have analyzed the address of Sir Robert Peel to the electors of Tamworth; and the rssult is that the confidence of the country has not been excited in him and his meaning by such minute investigation: the | whole address is a caput mortuum. - Sir Robert Peel says, “Then as to the spirit of the THE GANTON REGISTER. error; unless, indeed, the whole arrangement is a feeler thrown out to the traders in tea to inveigle them to appoint the superintendents to be the general tea-inspectors ex- officio; and when they are so appointed these officers will then grant certificates conclusive with regard to the quality of the tea: and H. M. government will thus have an opportumity of encreasing their salaries in proportion to their new and important duties. Should the merchants here be obliged to obtain these certificates we suppose the ship's tea manifest—which is also a sort of certificate, granted on the word of another— will be dispensed with. To the Editor of the Canton Register. Sir, Being somehow interested in one of the ships now in the port I take the liberty to ask you the meaning of one of the notices in your Price Cur- rent headed “official” It relates to the leaving behind at this place (no place mentioned) of men belonging to British vessels, threatening any so offending with prosecution &c. &c. Now, Sir, a friend of mine commanding a ship now here having among his crew, a mutinous discontented and insubordinate blackguard, turned him out of his ship at Macao, for the safety of his ship and the good management and conduct of all on board. Surely this is not an offence towards any one, or if it be it must be towards the Macao people, and so long as they do not complain I do not see how any one else can; I should consider it no affair of any British subject at any rate. It is said in the official notice that this is contrary to law—pray, Sir, to what law is it contrary? Is there any English law prohibiting me from ridd- ing myself and my ship of a troublesome fellow in any foreign port that I may touch at? If I am in the wrong and do the man injustice he may if he please bring an action against me in England, and I believe this is all that can be done in the business: at least so it appears to me. The official notice says further that this offence is to be proceeded against as if committed in the city of Westminster in the county of Middlesex. Of this I have no doubt. I did not know that Westminster was a sea port, or that any captains of ships took the trouble of going there for the purpose of leaving their men there; pray, Sir, did you? Canton, 19th June, 1835. NAUTICUS. In reply to Nauticus we beg to inform him that we do not consider it within the sphere of our duty as the Editor of this paper to explain, even if we were capable of explaining, every or any official notice that may be published in our columns. *:: We, therefore, beg to refer Nauticus for the information he seeks to the officer who signed the official notice. = Thus much we may say, the original of the notice is without date, either of time or place; and, for the informa- tion of the friend of Nauticus—who, as a British ship- master, should not be in need of such information—we beg to quote the following abstract of an act of parliament, from Steel's shipmaster's assistant, 19th edition, brought down to august 1830.- 58 Geo. III. c. 38, the title of which act is, “An act to extend and render more effectual the present regulations for the relief of seafaring men and boys, subjects of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, in foreign parts.” It recites that, whereas by an act passed in the eleventh and twelfth years of the reign of King William III. intituled, “An act for the more effectual suppression of piracy,” it is enacted, that in case any master of a merchant ship or vessel should, after the 29th day of September, 1700, during his being abroad, force any man on shore, or wilfully leave him behind in any of his Majesty's plantations or elsewhere, or should refuse to bring home with him again all such of the men which he carried out with him as should be in a condi- tion to return when he should be ready to proceed in his homeward-bound voyage, every such master should, being thereof legally convicted, suffer three months imprisonment without bail or mainprize; but no mode of prosecution is provided by the said act in case of offences committed against the same; and enacts, that from and after the passing of this act, all offences committed against the said act of the eleventh and twelfth years of the reign of King William III. shall and may be prosecuted by indict- ment or information, at the suit of his Majesty's attorney-general, in his Majesty's court of King's Bench at Westminster; and that in such indict- ment or information, the offence or offences shall and may be alleged to have been committed at Westminster, in the county of Middlesex; and that the said court shall be and the same is hereby authorised to issue a commission or commissions for the examination of witnesses abroad, and that the depositions taken under such commissions shall be received in evidence on the trial of such indictments and informations respectively. The Editor of the Canton Register, - Mr. Editor, A recent interference, by the agent of the E. I. company with the duties of the postmaster appointed by lord Napier, appears to me to de- mand your censure and steps to be taken by the public to secure the safety of their letters. - so long as the E. I. company were in every legal respect representing the government of Great Britain here, the custody of export and import despatches was appropriately placed in their hands, as a necessary consequence of their other powers; those now having ceased more than a year, it does seem dangerous to us merchants to give the possession ef letters, either out or in to private traders our rivals in business, as these parties strictly are; and I 99 think the matter calls for a representation through H. M. superintendents both to the home and the India governments. The government of Bengal may address their doers here in what form, under what privacy or seal they please; but an Indian post-office has no right, without the consent of our correspondents, to enclose in a private packet to merchants our letters, which should go direct to our postmaster. I hope to see you say some words of reason on this affair, because certain it is that a pure line of correspondence with our constituents, we will maintain at the bar of the commons of England sooner than lose. Your's, Canton, 18th June, 1835. - *GIVE ME MY own.” POSTSCRIPT TO OUR PRICE CURRENT. Saturday Morning, 12 o'clock. 15. Fenchurch-street, city. TEA. The tea market is unprecedentedly brisk. Congous are in great demand at 16. to 1; d. advance. TwANKAYs and Hysons 10 advance. “Free TRADe Stuff” called tea is pouring into the ports of London and Liverpool. The Yankees have shipped thousands of chests, prepared by the clever “Chinese Factors,” especially for the purpose. The HERBs, G Rass, and Leaves, of all sorts, have been collected in China, and “maurfactured” for the free trade merchants. We are receiving hundreds of letters daily, particularly from ºf py. NB and Scotland, and also from every town in England, complaining bitterly of the deep injury the writers have sustained from “free trade tea” sent by “the Factors.” A letter received this day from a large town in Ireland, states that several persons, from having used this “Stuff,” have been affected in a manner similar to the cholera. The fact is, that thousands of chests of this Stuff have been steeped in salt-water and re-dried. This is the Stuff now sent by the factors to the poor unsuspecting tea dealers all over the kingdom.—(Nickelson's Commercial Gazette and Grocer's Register of Useful Knowledge, Dec.20.) We have quoted thc foregoing postcript as a most especial sample of the truth and style of that very droll publication—Nicholson's Commercial Gazette and Grocer's Register of º: knowledge. In number 16 of the 7th volume of the Canton Register, dated April the 22rd, 1834, we noticed the prospectus of a New East India and China Company which was signed, John Nicholson & Co. Fenchurch street London: who are, we presume, the conductors, of this same Gazette which enlightens all the grocers and teadealers of the U. K. from leadenhall street to each land's end. We laud Our Gazette; for they certainly endeavour to amuse, if they do not instruct; and their Pantaloon humour and Munchausen veracity are not entirely lost on non-subscribing readers of any stray postcript that may find it's fortunate way to their uotice. Proceed, John Nicholson & Co. in your useful (profitable?) path of diffusing useful knowledge, and teach the lieges of Ireland and Scotland and of every town in England, that the would-have- been company's-teas of 1835, are the grass, herbs and leaves of all sorts of the free -trade-teas of 1834 exported from Canton. But why not give them a remedy for the tea- induced-cholera, and tell England and Scotland to make their tea with muddy water, as they do in Ireland, wherethe thicker the wather the stronger the tay. MARRIAGE OF THE QUEEN OF PORTUGAL. The day was ushered in by discharges of cannon from the batteries and ships of war, the ringing of bells, and the martial music of numerous corps of troops, Volunteers, and National Guards, parading, and lining the streets from the Palace of Necessidades to the Cathedral. About eleven o'clock, an immense line of equipages, many elegant and modern, and others not less curious on account of their very antique fºrus and and structure, began mov- ing to the eastward, attended by all the ſº, ionables of both sexes in grand costume, the Peers wearing their robes arº hats cove cd with a profusion of ostrich feathers. The diplomatists and officers of the Army and Navy, their grand uniforms; Lawyers their robes, and Clergy their canonicals. The car- riages drawn by four or six horses, or mules, as the case might be, were in- numerable. Lord and Lady Howard sported an elegant light carriage and pair. Mr. Grant, the Secretary of Legation, attended in his place en grande tenue; but neither the Spanish Ambassador nor Monsieur de Lurdé, the French Charge d'Affaires, were to be seen. Admiral Sir W. Gage, Lieute- nant-General Stubbs, were in carriages; General Bacon, on horseback; Marshal Saldanha, owing to illness, was absent. Count Villa Real, the Mi. nister of Foreign Affairs, in a shabby equipage, formed the advanced guard of the Cabinet. M. Freire followed, The Bishop, Count Father Francisco de St. Luiz, the Minister of the Interior, in his Ecclesiastical dress, with the Order of Christ, M. Carvalho, in scarlet, richly embroidered, and the Duke of Palmella, in Peer's robes, made a brilliant figure. But the most elegant turn-out were the English equipages of the Marquis de Loule and Count Farroba. The Marquis ald Marchioness de Fronteira, Count and Countess Ficalho, and the Marquis of Abrante and Pombal, both minors, as well as the newly-married Count St. Leger de Bemposta, sported either four-in-hand, or postillions. The Queen's cºrriage, preceded by columns of horsemen in state uniforms, uncovered, was drawn by eight beautiful English greys, richly caparisoned, with nodding plumes of blue and white ostrich feathers—the postillions and coachmen in scarlet and gold. The body of the state-coach was of a crimson colour, with a gilt crown on the top, and profusion of rich ornamental carvings gilt. Her Majesty was dressed in white satin, and SU PPI, EIMI E IN. T. TO THE - & a N ºr so N at #2 & 3 s ºf 32 at . CANTON, TUESDAY, JUNE 23ED, 1835. sioners * did not combat this belief. M. Odillon Barrot said—“Votre majesté sentira que le sang versé pour le Duc de Bordeaux, servira mal sa cause—il ne faut pas que son nom, qui n'a pas 6té encore compromis dans nos débats civils, semèle un jour à des souvenirs de sang.” Why this language, from a man so sincere as M Odillon Barrot, if the Duc de Bordeaux was at that time out of the question? This was on the 3rd; already on the 2nd the commissioners had attempted to obtain an interview with the king for the purpose of inducing him to withdraw from France, or at all events from the neighbourhood of Paris. They passed through the camp; Charles the Tenth refused to see them. They returned to Paris, and their return was the signal for one of the most singular expeditions by which a monarch was ever yet driven from his dominions. The drum beat in the streets—the still excited populace collected:—“Charles the Tenth is coming to Paris!”—“Charles the Tenth wilt not go away from Rambouillet;” all the women in accents of terror—all the little boys in ac- cents of fury screeched out the name of “Charles the Tenth,”—“to Rambouil- let!—to Rambouillet!”—after Charles the Tenth to Rambouillet!” was the cry—as on a no less memorable occasion it had once been—“to Versailles"— And to Rambouillet, in carolines, and hackney coaches, in carts, in cabrio- lets, running, riding, driving, without plan as without preparation, rushed the population of Paris. The commissions preceded this incongruous cohort, and to-day they succeeded in obtaining an interview with the king. Charles the Tenth, even as a young man, wanted personal courage. He had been accused of this weakness in the court of Louis XVI. Years had not invigorated his spirit. His nerves were shaken, and his mind unstrung by the quick snccession of adventures and calamities that had so rapidly fol- lowed one another during the last few days. He received the deputation in a state of great agitation. - “Qu'est ce qu'ils reulent? ºue tuer” was his address to Marshal Maison. He then asked advice of the Duc de Raguse. What can you say to a man who at the head of a gallant army asks, what he should do? There were that day at Rambouillet twelve thousand infantry, three thou- sand five hundred cavalry, and forty pieces of cannon. The Royal Guards were on foot, at the head of their houses, one hand on their pistols, one foot ready to put into their stirrups! A prince of courage, wisdom, and resolution, might still have extricated himself from the difficulties surrounding Charles X.; but in these difficulties such a prince would never have been involved. Alarmed by an exaggeration of the number of the approaching multitude; fa- tigued with the toil of thinking and planning, which he had already under- gone; and incapable of a new mental effort to meet the new crisis; flatt ring himself that the Duc de Bordeaux would still, as the best political combina- tion, be named to the throne; conscious that blood spilled even in victory, might endanger the peaceful establishment of this prince, in whose favour he had himself already abdicated; swayed in some degree, doubtless, by these considerations, but urged more, especially by his fears and his irresolutions, Charles threw away the sword, where others might have thrown away the scabbard, and resigned himself quietly to the destiny which doomed his exile. The soldiers of the hackney coaches returned to Paris, and the late king of France set out for Maintenon, where, reserving a military escort, he bade adieu to the rest of his army. His journey was now made slowly, and under the delusion that all France would yet rise in his favour. Betrayed, and left by many of his courtiers, his hopes remained by him to the last; and perhaps still remain—alone faith- ful in sorrow and in exile. - - - ... • + - Charles the Tenth at the head of his guards, the Duchesse de Berri with the Duc de Bordeaux in her arms, might at two different moments have chan- ged the destinies of France. But the blood of the grand constable was frozen iu the veins of his desendant; the heroine of La Vendée was guarded in her chamber; the religion of legitimacy passed away when he who wore the crown of Henry IV. had neither his heart nor his sword; and an army of omnibuses dispersed the heroes who had gathered round the oriflamme of St. Louis. The arrival of the WATER Witch yesterday has put us in possession of Calcutta papers to the 16th of may, and of a Calcutta Courier Extraordinary of the evening of the 17th of May. Below will be found some extracts of the principal details. * . By the aid of promises, favours, flattery intimidation, and money, the tories have encreased their strength in the new parliament. They were defeated in Perthshire, Mr. Fox Maule being returned. The success of the opposition, however, on the appointment of a speaker proves them to be much stronger than the mere majority of 10 would manifest; for many members of the opposition voted, as it was well known they would do, in favor of Sir C. M. Sutton. Their success on the second question of the amendment to the address to H. M. is of a much important nature; although lord Stanley and Sir J. Graham voted against them, and several members of the opposition were accidentally shut out of the house. Here is a serious check in limine to the Peel administration. A dissolution of parliament was talked of, but that rumour had given place on the afternoon of the 2nd of march to another of the dissolution of the cabinet. We greatly regret we have not fuller information res- pecting the effect of the total failure of lord Napier's mission * M. Schonen, M. Odillon Barrot, Marshal Maison, sent by the govern- pant. and subsequent death. “The government is to make one effort". (more, we persume, should be added ) We are yet to learn what their first effort has been. They have indeed succeeded in disbursing certain sums of money, and have endeavoured to humper a free-trade as much as possible; but as for an effort to protect and promote that trade, to windicate the national character and to guard the lives and properties of British subjects, in China, of such exertions they are | entirely innocent. One effort more!—What namby-pamby | ºnse As ridiculous, as hollow, and as artful as one cheer. 2ntore." — We can give a shrewd guess as to who will most vehe- mently cheer the politicans of England; the hip, hip, hip, hurra! of old Loo and Ilowqua will crown the defeat of one effort more, and their long nails will point in derision to the second-repulsed envoy of England. We have even heard it said that we need not trouble ourselves about our national character in China; that we may be careless of our face here with impunity and without blame; we think differently, and | to adopt the aspects of the roman god would be better policy. - O Jane, a tergo quem nulla ciconia pinsit. Extracts. The new Parliament met on the 19th February; its first pro- ceeding was the election of a Speaker, which was severely contested, and to the surprise of Ministers terminated in favor of Mr. Abercrom by, M. P. for Edinburgh, and attached to the Lansdown party. The numbers were As follows: ... . . . For Mr. Abercromby, 316. Sir C. M. Sutton, 306. leaving the Ministry in a minority of 10, although the late speaker appears tº have hºl the personal support of many of his opponents in politics." On the 24th February, the Address was moved in the House of Commons by lord Sandon and seconded by Mr. Bramston. Lord Morpeth moved an amendment reprobating the dissolution of the late reforming Parliament, and was seconded by Mr. Bannerman. After an adjourned debate of three days, closed by Mr. O'Connell, the House divided: For the original address----- 302. For the amendment, - leaving Ministers again in a minority of 7. Sir Robert Peel on the fol. lowing day announced his conviction, on a full consideration of the matter that—the division spoke the fair sense of the House, and it seems to have been expected that it would be followed by the resignation of the Tory Ministry. Indeed the Courier and other papers of the 2d March, an: nºunce, the resignation of the Duke of Wellington, but the rumour is affirmed by the Standard of the 2d March, to be wholly without foundation. Of Indian news, we note the appointment of lord Heytesbury as Governor General, and Sir H. Fane as Commander in Chief for India. The death of the Emperor Francis of Austria is announced from Malta. The marriage of the Queen of Portugal has been consummated. Spain seems to be in a troubled state. Commotions had taken place at Madrid. The new Ministry of France was not completed. The 'life of President Jackson had been attempted by a madman, but fortunately without success. His hostile message regarding France had been disregarded by the Congress, and a friendly arrangement preferred. No successor had been appointed to lord Napier, but the news of his death reached England 72th february. His conduct was much criticized. The Government are to make one effort. # In Persia, the Company's Mission is superseded, and the whole affair given over to the King. Henry Ellis, who went with lord Amheist to China, is appointed Ambassador Extraordinary, &c. The Amendment. To assure his Majesty that H. M.'s faithful Commons acknowledge with grateful recollection, that the acts for amending the Representation of the People were submited to Parlia- ment with his Majesty's sanction, and carried into a law by his Majesty's assent: that, confidently expecting to derive further advan- tages from those wise and necessary measures, we trust that his Majesty's councils will be directed in the spirit of well considered and effective reform; and that the liberal and comprehensive policy which, restored to the People the right of choosing their Representatives, and which provided for the emancipation of all persons held in slavery in his Majesty's colonies and possessions abroad, will, with the same enlarged views, place, without delay, our Municipal Corporations under vigilant popular control, remove all those undoubted grievances of the Protestant Dissenters, and correct those abuses in the Church which impair its efficiency in England, disturb the peace of society in Ireland, and lower the character of the Establishment in both countries. To represent to H.M. that his Majesty's faithful Commons beg leave submissively to add, that they cannot but lament that the progress of these and other reforms should have been interrupted and endangered by the unnecessary dissolution of a Parliament earnestly intent upon the vigorous prosecution of measures tº which the wishes of the People were most anxiously and justly directed. THE STANDARD,-MARCH2. Consols for the Account are 91; sellers. We regret to announce the death of the Earl Nelson, Duke of Bronti, which took place on Saturday, Feb. 28, at his lordship's residence in Portman-square. His lordship was in the 78th year of his age. f Thus in the Calcutta Courier extraordinary; qu-insert the word. THE (DANINIO'N Rºlls). Nºt?, “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “ press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “ will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. WOL. 8. Tºrrisºnºr, Jºra sorºr, 1835. No.26.}.}}, { FOR SALE. EW Holland Commissariat Bills on the lords of the Treasury in sets of + 100, 120, 250, 300, and 500—at 30 days sight. Also Bills by the Court of Directors on the governor in Council at Bombay, at 60 days sight. Thomas DENT & Co. Canton, 22nd June, 1835. HE undersigned have formed a copartnershin at this place and at T Batavia for the transaction of CoM Mission is usix Ess under the firm of S. WAN Basel, TortAER & Co. Canton 12th June, 1835. M. J. SFNN v A.N BASEL. G. M. To ELAER. (Advertisements, see Price Current.) ALL LeTTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N T © N. Arrived on the 14th instant, the British vessel BENGAL MERCHAN", Campbell, from Sourabaya; 28th instant SY ed KHAN, Mc. Kinnon, from Bombay. A correspondent has favoured us with a relation of some circumstances of the attempt to gain access to the Bohea hills in Fuh-keen, which will be found in our columns under the head—Erpedition up the Min River. The facts there detailed are additional proofs of the necessity of at once proceeding to the seat of the imperial government, Peking, to obtain some qualification of the laws of China respecting foreign commerce. The communication of C. C. on the detention of letters will, we trust, lead the commercial community of Canton to adopt some general arrangements—if such are possi- ble—to prevent all just complaints on this practice in future, which must be stigmatized as being in some degree a breach of faith. We remember seeing a circular notice sent round to the residents in Canton in the summer of 1831 which in- formed them that the “letters by the would be punc- tually delivered, but at the convenience of her commander.” We consider that captain ——, by this public notifica- tion of his intentions as to the delivery of letters, acquit- ted himself of any violation of conſidence. But until H. M. representatives are acknowledged in China, and allowed, by the chinese government, to excercise a certain degree of power established and defined by act of parlia- ment over British subjects, we confess we think that the “convenience” of the commander or of other interest- ed persons will always be the rule for governing the delivery of letters. It is an ungracious task for an editor to comment on the tone and meaning of the letters of his correspondents; and in the present case, rather than repel the charges of being animated by a spirit of hostility against the Finance Committee in their private characters; of having broadly asserted that the accused was desirous of violatingprivate feelings; and of fiercely attacking an insulated and doubt- ful instance of detention on the part of a public ser- vant;-we shall leave them without remark, that they may make their unclogged way with our local readers and pass exactly for what they are worth. We thinkit simply proper to remark that the necessary consequences of an act are chargeable on the actor: as all effects are on their causes. And to say we do not know of a body resident in China that is dignified by the title of “The Finance Committee:” a title that would serve to designate a committee of both houses of parliament, which might contain in it's members all that was noble by ancestral blood and historical names, powerful by property, respectable by character, and admirable by talent, in the U. K. Neither do we acknow- ledge the company's agents as public servants. But these are very unimportant matters.-We have been informed that from the notorious matter of the Red Rover's letters in 1833,-which led to a long correspondence, to the publica- tion of a pamphlet, and, we believe, to the suspension of the license of the ship Hercules—a deed not very respectable, nor evincing much courtesy—the then president of the select committee was induced to request the Indian governments to address all packets containing letters for China to the president and select committee. It appears the Bengal government have acted upon this requisition; but does that compliance justify the company's agents in assuming a power and character they possess no longer?—The mis- take of mis-directing the letters probably rests with the Indian government, for printed Postmaster's receipts were returned last year to every port corresponding with China, in order to convey the information that a postmaster had been appointed here, and would probably be confirmed in his office by H. M. government.—Now, as the com- mittee could be so forward in obtaining and exercising a control in 1833, when the company's charter was in force, how is it that as honest public servants they did not take measures to convey the requisite information of the cessation of their office and authority as the company's supercargoes in China in april 1834. Above all, why in 1835 should an order be given stricter than any that have been in force for twenty years past? We have never understood that an unauthorised responsibility is to be desired; we cannot understand why it should be courted. And in this case why is it so courted? Only to preserve the inviolability of an envelope—a mere outside cover! Peking Gazette. 4th moon, 15th day. An imperial edict has been received. Go-shan (A Mantchoo tatar) reports that the government troops penetrated into and engaged the barbarous banditti in Ya-cha in the district of Go-peen-ting and the thirteen paths, and that perfect tranquillity is re-established. The barbarous tribes in the said districts in the province of Sze-chuen, have combined together for many years to cause confusion: a crime not to be forgiven. This time, the said governor assembled troops, entered the country, attacked them, and gained several successive victories. In each case the deputed and acting generals Mating-lung, and Le-e-wan and the others, announced the victories in successive despatches, and the fighting of the several officers and the advantages they gained. From the 28th and 29th days of the sccond moon to the 19th of the 3rd moon they were burning the nests of the thieves. Many of the barbarous clans were slaughtered; all the leaders have been taken. The murderous thieves Neen-urh and another, Kih-tsoo, and the black barbarian Ho-tsoo and eight others, Majih eminent in wickedness, and six others, Yue-leih and eight others, the chief bandits of Ya-cha, Go-man- ho-shang and eight others, are all taken alive. From E-woo-a-keuh and Po-man-ke to the great and little Muh-kwa, and other places, the thirteen passages of the barbarous land have been entirely cleared (of robbers). For the previous month there has been no diſficult place or ground (defile) unsubdued. Moreover, Woo-paou, a district that assisted the barbarous clans is now entirely pacified. A few of the banditti who ran away, escaped. TIE CANTON REGISTER. 103 some remarks from yourself. Will you allow me, also, to make a few observations on the same subject in other quarters and by different parties!—It is a sore subject, I am aware, to touch upon in any commercial community out of Great Britain, where, happily, the practice of detain- ing letters is unknown; but, nevertheless, it is one which, in my humble judgment, calls for general reprobation, as at variance with the rule (spite of all the jesuitical casuistry employed in defence of the practice) of “doing unto others as we would be done by.” With respect to the instance of detention at Macao, I have nothing whatever to do, nor with the party against whom the charge is brought: but from the high respectability of the gentleman accused, and his known courtesy of manners, I hesitate not to avow my utter disbelief of the existence of any thing like a desire to throw impediments in the way of business, by a wilful detention of letters addressed under cover to him; and still less of outraging private felings, as is broadly asserted by yourself. I may, nevertheless, be permitted to observe, with deep regret, the spirit of hostility manifested in your Correspondents letter (from which even your own remarks thereon are not free) towards the members of the “Finance Committee,” in their private rather than in their official, character; the tendency of which only can be, to encrease and perpetuate that miserable spirit of party which so widely prevails in the Canton community, and which speedily promises to neutralize, if not ertinguish, the common sympathies of Britons for their sick and suffering fellow countrymen. Your Correspondent questions the right of the Indian Post office (which, absurdly enough, he separates from the Bengal Govern- ment, as if it formed no part thereof) to address despatches to their servants in the form complained of. I ask whether they have assumed, or do pretend to, any right in the matter! Whether, in fact, it is not altogether a mistake of the Indian Post master, as you seem to intimate! From what I know of the practice of the I. P. O. I incline to think that private letters are never enclosed in public despatches, but at the particular request of the writers of such letters, and that upon occasion of the departure of one of the Clippers receiving the Government packet for this port, the question was asked whether it contained private letters!—the answer was returned in the negative—Viewed cither way, the matter is but of small consequence, our subject being that of delaying the delivery of letters.-In the Macao instance, we neither know the number thus detained, nor the period of detention, and consequently cannot assess the “darnages” done thereby to the community. But I would ask, does your Correspondent know the reason why people in England, as well as India, are so desirois of enclosing letters for this port in the Government and Company’s despatches! It is to prevent their detention, their loss, and their violation; the chances for either, under such envelopes, being many fewer than when sent through the ordinary channels. I might also point out you the slovenly and careless manner of keeping letters during the voyage, and the over- hauling and sorting which they undergo on arrival at Lintin by the ship's visitors, agents &c. in conclave assembled. I could also speak of unnecessary detention occasioned by ships remaining concealed amongst the Islands outside till the consignee's letters are delivered, and permission obtained for coming up:—of wilful detentions arising from “promises” and “undertakings” of outside boatmen, helonºring to, or connected with those ships, to deliver letters which they afterwards put ashore for other people's care—of planned detentions of letters extending over weeks beyond the known period of the ship's arrival, until, in fact, her arrange- ments are completed and the captain has got his “office” for their delivery; and lastly, of letters which have been detained in custody of the commander till he has hove his anchor finally from Lintin or Macao; but I forbear, such proceedings being neither new nor un-common, and are applicable to “more than one” of the enlightened nations trading to China. All that I would, in conclusion, observe is this; that it is from causes such as are enumerated above the greatest inconvenience and wrong, arising from the detention of ietters, have their origin; and that in place of thus fiercely attacking an insulated and doubtful (because not proved wilful) instance of detention on the part of a public servant, of a f w private letters enclosed in a despatch addressed to him in his public capacity (and which of his complainants, let me ask, would deliver, even to the Post master, UNopeNED, a packet thus directed to them!) let us agree. not only to reprobate, but to reform, a practice which is every way disreputable and indefensible, and which will be found sooner or later, if persisted in, prejudicial to all parties. C. C. x x x x x < EXPEDITION UP THE MIN RIVER, Dear Sir, The failure of the late attempt to penetrate to the celebrated Bohea hills, and the causes which occasioned such result are generally known to your readers. The Governor Findlay, which conveyed the party to the mouth of the Min, was purposely anchored outside of the proper or official mouth, as well to facilitate the purposes of trade as to avoid implicat- ing the officers of those stations, in case the ship had passed them and entered the inner river. The small boat, which was to convey the three gentlemen composing the party, Messrs. Gordon, Gutzlaff and Stevens, im- mediately left the brig to ascend the river. During the week of her absence, she lost two days by mistaking the way, advanced successfully the three following days to the distance of seventy miles, and after being fired upon by the military, returned in two days more to the brig, with two men slightly wounded. From the failure of this attempt, it will not be wonderful if folly should be charged upon the conception of such an enterprise. But even after this ill success, I cannot see any thing absurd in the Ilan, nor any other mode of accomplishing it, which gave fairer promise. Some important advantages, which it was reasonble to count on, we were disappointed in, and finally were defeated by means that were unanticipated by all. Had the attempt to ascend the western branch, and thus avoid the city of Foochow, succeeded, not only two important days would have been saved, but what was of more con- sequence, by preceding any alarin, pilots might have been procured. Either of these advantages being gained would have secured for us such an advance of all pursuit, that after ascending as far as was proper with the boat, she might have been sent back with closed cabin, while chairs or other cou- veyance were procured for us by land. Even as we were, this was our aim. to gain a sufficient advance of the attendant military. All the deportinent of these, previous to the moment of attacking us, had conspired to induce the belief, that attendance and surveillance, was the extent of their commission. And yet yºkº allege, either that they fired upon us trially unwarue", or they lured us on to make a sure prey of our persons or lives; for, however informal the notification was, it cannot be denied that a wish for our return was intimated, just previous to their fire; and while we were far from our vessel and in a great measure in their power, they ceased and did not recom- mence hostilities after we turned back. From the time of returning to the brig, the star of the “Governor Findlay” st emed to be in the ascendant. After that day no of icer or soldier ventured to come on board, though often invited, and though they had been constantly doing so during the absence of the “boat”. This conduct, in connection with other circumstances, led us to suppose that they feared retaliation on the well known Chinese principle, blood for blood. For the first two days subsequent to the arrival of the brig, her decks had been filled with people and merchants examining the cargo, and sales had com- menced. But when the naval commander came with a fleet of war junks, and anchored near the brig, all intercourse was prohibited. The naval officers daily came on board with questions as to her country and destina- tion, and with requests that she should go away. To the latter, captain McKay replied that he must await the return of the boat; on which they most abjectly begged that he would write and order her return. To the former he answered that the vessel was from Liverpool. This unknown name naturally stumbled the of icers of the middle kingdom, and on the next day they returned to the subject again with a request to be informed whether that country lay near Singapore! A curious display of official intercourse and ctiquette commenced after our return. Mr. Gordon, reaarding the violence which had been done to us, if not utterly unjustifiable yet as excessive and uncalled for; and if per- mitted to pass unnoticed, as likely to form a precedent that might be dangerous to others who should hereafter be placed in their power, determined to present a petition of grievances to the governor of Fuhkeda and Cheketing, praying for redress. It was put into Chinese by Mr. Gutzlaff. As this document may yet be acted on by the British functionaries to whom it has since been submitted, it will be improper for me to do more than give the following concluding summary: “that your petitioner received no intimation of disapprobation during four days, but rather assistance, in more then one instance, from imperial officers; and at last only an unof- ficial note, which it was not proper to offer or receive; that he passed the capital in broad day without any opposition; that he wronged no man in his progress, but paid full prices for every thing; that there was no indica- tion of evil intentions; that when assailled in a dastardly manner from an ambush, he made no resistance, because the assailants appeared to be soldiers and not robbers; that such treatment was not unheard of in barbarous countries, but could not have been expected in this centre of civilization, where the pursuit of knowledge is esteemed honorable;—therefore he looked to his excellency to ascertain the facts and punish the guilty, according to their laws which “grant protection to all strangers, and decree capital punish. ment against all who endeavor to injure their lires.” - With this document duly signed and sealed, the party went on board of the chief junk, dressed in “mandarin " broadcloth and cloak. We were ceremoniously received and seated. In the cabin we found two messen- gers funfoo, from the governor, seated on the left, wearing white crystal buttons; these were men of fine appearance and the chief speakers. On the right were four officers, one the naval commander of this station, having the rank of vice admiral, Tsungping kwan, and wearing a red coral button. This is the same redoubted admiral Chin of whom so frequent mention is made in Lindsay's journal, and who alone maintained h’s post on deck, trembling, while all his crew had Îled from the approach of four unarmed foreigners. Whether his superior corpulence rather than superior courage did not prevent his taking refuge with his men below, seems more than doubtful. If he was really disgraced and degraded at that time, as the Chinese reported, he has since managed it to regain what he lost, and to rise one degree higher in rank, from footseang, to Tsungping kitan. The next was a commodore, Heºtae, from the northward statiºn of Fuhning, wearing the same button as the admiral; then a colonel of the army, Yourkºih, with a blue crystal button; and last one sublieutenant Patsung, with a gold button. Mr. Gordon first delivered his complaint to . the superior messenger, who seemed about to break it open, but when requested to deliver it as directed, he assented after attempting by questions to ascertain its contents. After adverting to the importation of rice, Mr. Gutzlaff showcq the impossibility of preventing foreign trade, on account of the weakness of the government, and the impolicy of creating. a forced trade, already apparent enough at Canton; pleaded the rights of reciprocity due to foreigners on account of the privileges that were grante I to Chinese in foreign parts;–all which and much more the officers admit- ted, but replied that it was vain to speak of making a new channel for trade, while the emperor's orders contined it to Canton. As to the violence com- mitted on us, at first they were quite ignorant of it; but when that would not do, they ascribed it to the treachery of the villainous people. “The people! . said Mr. G.” “there are none more friendly; no, it was your officers and soldiers that did the the dastardly deed, and now redress must be given.” They all regretted the unjustifiable act, put as good a construction as pos- . sible upon it, and were profuse of friendly and soothing words. By this time the messenger exhibited some alarm and begged to return the petition; which he was induced to keep, only by the assurance that he must deliver it or we should return to the city and present it. It was surprising to set; how soon and how much Mr. Gutzlaff's acquaintance with their language, their usages, country and government, won their respect, and secured an influence over them. t On the next day an accession to the fleet produced a grand display !of - flags, salutes &c. This was caused by the arrival of no less a personned than the vice-admiral, of the Hactan station, with several vessels under his 104 Tºº CANTOIN REGISTER. ‘command. As he was the senior officer, though of the same rank wº admiral Chi k - forth and waited to receive the In 1 nin, he took precedence henceforth and wai | captain of the English brig fell in with two natives of the Pescadores, who first visit from his excellency. At the mainmast head of ench admiral's junk waved a broad yellow flag with the single inscription * sae com- mander. At the fore, was a flag of five colors arranged in horizontal stripes of pink, blue, yellow, white and black, reckoning downward. On the stern were five flags, each showing one of the five colors separately. The other junks hoisted various flags of three colors combined, or of one color with a varied border. Amidst all this warlike display, of seventeen vessels of war, the peaceful “Findlay,” of lºss then 309 tons, preserved the same unmoved and dignified silence as if she were not the cause of all the uproar. Fmboldened perhaps by this accession of strength, when captain McKay sent over to them a lad with a list of the provisions he desired, they sent back by him a few pieces of sugar cane, a dried cuttle fish, and a little remnant of a shoulder of pork, -but no answer. The captain and two of the party then went on board the junk of Admiral Chin, and the present was returned and laid on his deek. At first, the admirals denied having knowledge of the facts; and then, they only intended them as a present to the lad and the boat's crew, but never thought of insulting us by sending such a present to us!—not at all. In this and all our subsequent visits, the poor admiral said little else than to make apologies or asseverations of innocence, regarding this unfortunate occurrence. The old subjects were again adverted to, and a supply of provisions promised on the morrow. 'Two davs more were then proposed by Mr. Gordon, at the end of which time, if he received no answer or redress, he should consider what further measures to ador t. Thev complained th it our vessel cºused them great annoyance, and when it was surgested that she would withdraw outside on condition that free trade was permitted there, they said they were the mere instruments of the will of others, and could only represent our wishes to the higher officers, which they cheerfully agreed to do. Accordingly on the second day following, a note was thrown aboard, unsealed and unaddressed, inviting Mr. Gordon to come over and receive the governor's answer; to which he replied, that if there were any orders, he was waiting to receive them in the usual manner in such cases. In return they sent back by our messenger a note with a copy of the orders, an I im- puted it to fear that he did not come to receive them himself. Upon this it was determined to get possession of the oririn il, that no room for subterfure might he left; and for this purpose the Findlay was dropped with the tide alongside of their junks, and lay broadside to them not many wards distant. Her six ports on one side were opened, six guns loaded and all aimed at the admiral. This movement seemed to throw a panic over the fleet; the smaller craft withdrew, the boats were hoisted up, and when we immediately went on board Admiral Chin's vessel, it was impossible to conceal his agitation. The other high officers assembled slowly and an air of apprehension seemed to pervade them all. “How dare you,” said Mr. Gordon, “speak of fear restraining me fron coming on board, when you see those gnns, which at the least signal would sink you and your fleet? You owe it to ourselves and to our confidence in our own government, not to anything that you can do, nor to your deserts, that you have not been made to suffer for the dastardly conduct of the imperial officers. But since redress is now denied, and the governor by falsely justifying the assailants has identified himself with the perpetrators, I shall lay the whole matter before my own government, which has power to protect its subjects.” They, in reply, deeply lamented the unfortunate misunderstanding, declared they cherished esteem for us, and finally would send us supplies tomorrow. It is worthy of remark, that when Mr. Gutzlaff asked for the original petition, they were at first quite ignorant of any such thing, though it was ad- dressed to one of them to deliver to us: and when the two envoys that brought it were called in, and the paper exhibited, it was reluctantly resigned in return for the copy which was sent to us. Mr. Gordon gave them his brief reply, which had been duly prepared before we came on board, that he should appeal. It should be noticed that Mr. Gordon obtained, what is never given to foreigners at Canton, the original edict, on a roll of paper six feet long, and sealed with the three broad seals of Ching, the governor, Lo, the tseangkeuen, or Tartar general, and of Wei, the fooyuen. It is further remarkable that the term “barbarian” so rife in official papers at Canton is never used; “outside” is the term which occurs here. But it is equally remarkable that the document does not justify the violence but by false facts; It asserts that they previously by a messenger ordered the vessel to with- draw, while in fact the boat left the vessel before the news of her anchoring in the Min could have been carried to Fuhchow, and much more before an order could have been returned; that in answer to the enquiries of officers “who asked for the petition,” we assured them that we had none;” that we proceeded against repeated prohibitions, both verbal and written, which were put in our boat, but which we threw into the river; that we fired on them first, and they only “slightly hit our sails; “and last, not least,” that by the law against burglary! which permits the inmate of a house to kill the housebreaker at night who resists,” the attack is to be justified.' On the 18th of May, five days after the retnrn of the boat to the brig, we weighed anchor and slowly dropped down with the tide, leaving the Min, and the fleet riding at anchor. Not a gun was fired by them, or a cracker burnt, or any the least mark of triumph exhibited by the Chinese fleet. Know- ing that this sort of exhibition was usually made on occasion of the retreat of foreigners under such circumstances, Mr. 6ordon had intimated that he should suffer no mark of triumph whatever. And his hint was literally obeyed. Extract from a letter from the Sandwich Islands, dated Oahou, April 22nd, 1835. - “An English brig, the Clemantine, has arrived, belonging to the Isle of France, but last from Ascension. She brings some reports respecting captain Dowrett, who, it will be remembered, was either killed or detained by the natives of the Pescadores, while there on a trading expedition in the schooner Victoria. The brig Haverly, captain Cathcart, was afterwards chartered from this government by two of our merchants, and sent to ascertain the fate of captain D., and, if living, ransom him if possible, and restore him to his distressed family, residing in this place. The Haverly, as we learn by the Clementine, had been at the Pescadores, and after remaining a few days, departed without being able to ascertain that captain D. was alive; on the other hand, captain C. was assured by the old chief that he had been killed. Subsequently to this visit, however, the had been driven off in a canoe and landed upon Strong Island, who told him that there were two men still surviving from the Victoria;-named “Sam” and “George”;-that they were much esteemed by the natives, and treated with great kindness by them. The names and the description of the persons of these two individuals, answer to those of captain D. and a New Zealander who landed with him, and whose fate was equally uncertain with that of captain D. Captain Cathcart, to whom this information was communicated by the captain of the English brig, on their falling in with each other at Ascension, may possibly return to the Pescadores; and it is probable that a vessel soon to sail from this place on an expedition to procure shells &c. may touch there. So that our hopes are strongly encouraged that we may yet be permitted in the good providence of God, to rejoice with the wife and little ones, over him “that was dead aud is alive again, who was lost and is found.” To the Editor of the Canton Register. - Sir, The particulars respecting the barbarous murder committeed on board the bark Rossendale, on her voyage from Sourabaya, to China, are as follows. - - A large Arab ship that left Sourabaya in company with us, and bound to the wesºari, came so close to us on the 4th of April, that we were forced to wear, to get clear of her aſter the sails, were trimmed we heard a strange voic- in the "head, and we then discovered the malay who has been the per- netrator of this outrageous murder. I ordered him tº cºme aft, and to be searched, but he had no knife, or weapon of any sort about him: his only covering being a handkerchief tied round his middle; there being no person on board that could interpret the malay language, we could not understand why he hºld left his ship. The following morning he brought aft to me, a p-nknife, and table fork, in a paper case. . I pointed to his vessel and made signs that I would send him on board again, he appeared very much distres: sºd at it, and would lie down on the deck to feign sleep, draw his hand across his neck, and jump up suddenly, throw his hands over the side, so ºna, we "imº that "he" had been illused on board, and through fear of being murdered in his sleep had taken the opportunity when the ships were so close to cscape from her and come on board of us at all risks. - He always kept to leeward, and seemed to wish to hide himself from being seen by any person from his vessel; but there was no opportunity of sending him back, as by morning she was far to windward and never after came nºr to us and seemed to take no notice whatever. On the 7th instant, monday 2 o'clock A. M. we were all aroused by a seaman, running aft and caiſing for help, for he had been stabbed and was bleeding to death. He said that he was asleep on the forecastle and was awakened, by a stºº in the arm, and before he could defend himself he received two others, he then found that his intended murderer was the malay, that came on board on friday, that when the villain found he had gained his feet and that the crew were coming from aſt, he ran out on the cathead and jumped over board. I immediately ordered a strict search, thinking that as the ship had little way through the water, the malay might have returned on board and secreted himself, we then found that two of our lads had been murdered, one Iving with his throat cut, and the other with a stab in the breast that entered his heart:-they must both have died instantly. what could have been his motive for so outrageous an act, I am at a loss to conjecture, we were 70 miles from any land, and there was no boat or vessel of any kind in sight or had been since we lost sight of the Arab, which was the day before: so that plunder could not have been his intention: He had had no quarrel with any person, neither had he in the slightest degree been molested; but on the contrary, he had been supplied with clothes and always been used with the greatest kindness by all on board. Sir, Your obedient servant, JOHN WARD. Commander. YARKUND. Intercourse with Tibet. (Burnes's Travels). Anecdote of the Chinese Police. The intercourse from Tibet and Bokhara is carried on by regulations that are truly energetic. The natives of these countries are not permitted to proceed beyond Yarkund and the neighbouring towns, and as they enter the chinese dominions, are placed under certain persons, who have a knowledge of the countries from which they come, and made responsible for their behaviour. So thoroughly organised is this system of police, that it is said to be impossi- ble to elude its vigilance. A native who was suspected in these countries, and was afterwards in my service, remained in confinement for three months, and was at length dismissed by the route he had come, but not till a likeness of him had been first taken. Several copies of the picture were despatched to the frontier towns, with these instructions:—“If this man enters the coun- try, his head is the Emperor's, his property is yours.” I need not add, that he has never since sought to extend his acquaintauce in the chinese provinces of Yarkund. Responsibility of Brokers. A trial of interest to merchants and brokers, involving the responsibility of the latter, came on at the Lancaster Assizes on Wednesday. The facts were briefly as follow:—On the 9th of May, Buchanan & Co., brokers in Liverpool, sold some cassia and cotton for £800 for Skinner & Co. of Liverpool, who have also establishments in Bombay and Glasgow. The goods were delivered by Buchanan & Co. without in: forming their principals to whom they were sold. The parties who purchased them failed a few days after, on the 21st of May. Skinner & Co. declared that the brokers were liable, inasmuch as they ought to have informed them who the purchasers were; for they would not in that case have given their order for the delivery of the goods. Baron Gurney left three questions to the Jury—The first was, whether it was customary to give the principal, or the owner of the goods, the note of contract within forty-eight hours of the sale; secondly, whether it was the custom to inform the principal or merchant who the parties were who purchased his goods; thirdly, whether the defendants had acted in the present case as by custom brokers were in the habit of doing, and whether it was their usual manner of transacting business. The Jury found a verdict for the plaintiff, thus establishing the responsibility of the brokers.-Leeds Mercury, August 30. "THE pastºpsi usadustraße “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. - "VOI. 8. - TO CORRESPONDENTS. The letter of P. P. although it is dated on the 4th instant, did not reach us until late in the afternoon of yesterday, too late for insertion. (Adrertisements, see Price Current ) All letters Must be post paid. C. A N T O N. The British Vessel CoRN WALLIS, J. Clark, arrived on the 1st from Bombay. We have not received any Bom- bay papers by this opportunity. Tii E PRov IN C1 AL City. Woo Ping-keen, Howqua's fourth brother, died in the evening of the 2nd day of the 6th moon, (27th June). Hitherto he had attended to the tea department of the hong, Howqua, seeing himself to be old and on the verge of life, his posterity useless as far as the affairs of the hong are concerned, is deeply afflicted, and it is thought he will soon die; and there is nobody to whom the management of the trade of the hong can be entrusted. Woo-yuen-sung, Howqua's 4th son, holds a situation in the Chung-shoo-ko, a kind of herald's office under the Nuy-ko, or imperial cabinet. His fifth son, Yuen-wei, has attained the literary degree of Keujin at the early ºre of nineteen years. His 6th son is a youth studying at home. - - July 2nd. It is reported that the Kwang-le hong (Mow qua) has requested the government to close it; but the gover- nor and fooynen are unwilling to comply. They wish to order Howqua to assist Kirang-le with tae's 200000, and that the deceased Mlowqua's brother or son should continue the business. About four o'clock, P. M. a chinese junk parted from her anchor a little below the Dutch Folly; two men were on board who could not do any thing; the wind pressed her down and she ſell over on several small boasts that could not get out of the way; the persons in the boats met their ſate: i. e.—according to our chinese informant, they were saved or they perished according to their (fixed) fate. The junk also ſell over upon some boats of ill ſame of Yang-choo street, but they luckily escaped the danger. With respect to the letter from on the equalization of the duties on teas, there cannot, we presume, be a doubt but that the new scale will not act retrospectively: such is certainly not the spirit of British legislation, whatever men of whatever party may be in power. Time, of course, will be allowed to clear all teas imported into or bought for the home market under the 4th of Will: 4th; and the period will surely not be confined to narrow, illiberal, and impolitic limits. We have not at present any paper or other publica- tion to refer to on this su'ject; but we think the merchants here would not be acting unwarrantably in expressing their opinion, by petition or otherwise, to H. M. ministers on the most advisable scale of duties as regards the two sorts of teas, black and green; as also on any other points, com- mercial or political, connected with the the free trade to this country: such proceedings are the appropriate duties of the Chamber of Commerce, and would doubtless receive the attention they deserve from II. M. ministers. The free traders must watch over their own interests strictly, and defend them by all possible activity. They must be strong in their own combination, for their enemies are at once alert, united, enraged, prejudiced, persever- ing and unscrupulous: a disposition that makes an enemy TUESDAY, JULY 7TH, 1835. No.27.}.}}}.} far from despicable, however unjust his cause or hopeless his opposition. In our columns will be found a long letter from FREE TRADE. The unceasing attacks of various publications on the opening of the markets and ports of China by the British legislature, as far as could be done, to unfettered commercial enterprise, have not escaped our notice although they have scarcely attracted our attention. The enemies of liberty, of free trade, and of the birth-rights of Britons, are mad with disappointment and blind with rage; let them have their in- furiated sway of idle declamation and false assertion;they are at war with opinions and principles, and we can fearlessly back the feelings, knowledge, and judgment of the British people against the angry lady's-maid-tirades of the Asiatic Journal or of my great grandmother's review, the Quarter- ly. This last publication has entirely swamped itself by the review of Campbells life of Mrs. Siddons; a meaner produc- tion, or one giving stronger evidence of a most paltry spirit, than this review, has never met our notice. Who is the man who can thus write of him who sung “Ye mariners of England” and “The battle of the Baltic"?—The complacent reviewer says, in a note, “That he fears Mr. Campbell knows too little about St. Paul.” This is what Bentham wºuld call a church of Englandismºistic sneer. However, we will borrow the reviewer's words, and say we fear the Quarterly Review knows little about St. Paul and less about China: for the pages of that journal are not, assuredly, redolent of hope or charity—it has its own faith—neither does it tell the truth as to China;-no, not even the truth illknows. We have extracted from the Chinese Repository that pºt of the reverend E. Steven's account of the expedition u H the Min river in the province of Fuh-keen, which relates tº the repulse of the boat. From the facts there stated t! re cannot be a doubt of the murderous intention of the c. Haese government officers, if the party had persevered in their progress up the Min. Even the ambushed attack nº st have been made with a fatal design, and if the powder of the chinese had been good the boat would have been sº; k and the whole crew drowned, shot, or captured. S} :h treacherous conduct might be expected from the s: } ages of the south-sea islands, but who could have a licipated the cunning of the fox, the cowardice of t! sheep, and the cruelty of the hyaena from the glorious: 1, I'dle empire? The fell chinese, cunning and fierce, mixture abhorred.” I LIVERY AND DETENTION OF LETTERS IN CHINA. We can easily conceive that C. C. may regret that he ! { lished his letter in our last number; but we fear, from h'ſ note of the 1st inst, which will be found in our columns, t it his regret does not arise from a feeling of the error c is accusatory remarks. C. C. must be a bold man to accuse the foreign com- nity in China, by his “s that the standard of their feelings must be low when they treat with icule the inviolability of an envelope, a mere outside cover,”—and ‘ommend the post-master not to attend to the superscription of his mails.” -i But when did this community say or do this? We beg to assure C. C. that not a single member of community had or has the least to do with the ridicule alludes to, except ourselves; his fears, then, are applica- |to us only and personally. * -- - , - 106 THE CANTON REGISTER. With reference to those feelings and sentiments which are supposed to form the character of an Englishman, and, therefore, of ourselves as such, we request C. C. will calm his fears as to the standard of those feelings in on r indivi- dual character. We are not entirely unknown to the foreign community in China; and on the knowledge of that community of our character and reputation we trust the fears of C. C. will be baseless. We do not understand what C. C. means by “recom- “mending the postmaster not to attend to the superscrip- “tion of his mails.” “We said that we trusted that the order of the company's agents would be “altogether unavailing, firstly, by not being attended to in the case of ary “packet containing letters—of which fact the postmaster and others who “have for years opened these packets must be tolerably good judges—ind “secondly, by the Bengal government directing hereafter all public packes “to H. M. postmaster.” Coupling this with the order said to have been given by the company's agent, and the long practice and ex- perience of the present postmaster of the custom heretofore observed, even with the company's packets, the clear and simple meaning is, that if a ship's the we mail addressed to company's delivered at Lintin, trusted agent should be it would be im- mediately opened and the contents forwarded to their rightful owners; and that the order would in future also be made unavailing by the Calcutta postmaster addressing his mails to the postmaster in China. In our last number we asked the question, “why, in the present position of the company's agents, the responsibility of “receiving, propria persona, packets containing letters should be insisted on “and courted?—Is it only to preserve the inviolability of an envelope—a “mere outside cover?” We used the last tautologous expression for a purpose; it is well we did so, although our meaning is not apparent to C. C. He who breaks open the single envelope of a single letter can only have one object: to read the letter. And the standard of that man's feelings who should act thus C. C. may designate in any terms he chooses. But—there is nothing like example. We have now lying before us the envolope, the mere outside cover of the letters brought by the ANN BALDw IN. . It bears the company's arms, and is thus endorsed and directed. “Honorable East India Company's Service. Ship Mail No. 8 per the Ann Baldwin, Captain Crawford. To the Agent of the East India Company Canton. Calcutta, General Post Office, the 26th, of April 1835. Signed, Wm. Money.' It contains a certificate of the number of letter: in the mail, signed by the deputy post master, and request that this certificate may be signed by the com pany's agent, that the date of its arrival may be noted and that it may be returned to the Calcutta P.O. by the first opportunity. Hinc illae lachryma. The impres sion on the seal is, General Post Office Calcutta. In the first place we are to question what the service of the E. I. company has to do with , ship mails?–They should be endorsed H. M. service; and secondly, what hai the company's agent in Canton to do with the merchant': letters, for, be it noted that more than one ships mail ha contained only private letters. As to the certificate, it is : mere matter of form, never attended to; and yet, to observe this form now, and with the full knowledge of the erro of the Calcutta postmaster in the direction of his letters the order complained of was given; the certificate-respon sibility of the company's agent was distinctly avowed by himself as being the reason for the order. However we are happy to learn from the postmaster that the ordel has been rescinded, and is not to affect the course that has hitherto been observed as to the opening of the ship mails, To return to the serious charge made against us in dividually, or against the community generally, of “treat. ing with ridicule the inviolability of an envelope” &c. we can scarcely think that C. C. really means what he has really said. The meaning of our question must have been obvious of every man who has a just sense of honour; and, as "e have said, we were tautologous in order to prevent any chance." misconsception. We are afraid that the knighterranty o C. C. bas decoyed him into a thorny and miry path, thankless office of useless and unavailing defence; that he ha | only looked on one side of the shield, and that that one is no the golden side; and that he has been rather oblivious in his last communication of the excellent rule which he so appositely quoted in his first; namely: “to do unto others as we would be done by.” July 1st, 1835. C. C. presents his compliments to the Editor of the Canton Register, and is obliged by his courtesy in publishing his communication on the detention of letters. C. C. cannot, however, now withold the expression of his regret that he should have troubled the E. C. R. with any remarks on the subject, since he conceives that the observations to which his letter have unexpectedly given rise, are more calculated, in C. C.’s judgment, to do harm than his letter can possibly do good. C. C. fears the standard of feelings must be low in the community that can treat with ridicule “the inviolability of an envelope, a mere outside cover,”—and recommend the post-master not to at- tend to the superscription of his mails. Mr. Editor, I am sorry to see C. C. made so angry by a necessary discussion; yet his anger will by no means tend to make the public believe his cause is good. As to all that verbiage about the “miserable spirit of party”—it is lost on us; firstly, those who talk most of it lamentingly are those most tending to keep it alive; and Secondly,–if the discussion of a wrong tended to keep it alive, and that discussion was necessary to our interests, do you consider us to hesitate for a second about such a green- sickness kind of a complaint?—If you do so, Mr. Editor, you know us not. I aver that the head of Finance Committe did a wrong as to Post-despatch- es; and C. C. answers that wrong by whining about smugglers, out-side- ships, islands, and so forth: as if twenty blacks would make a white. The head of Finance Committee is backed by 20 acts of parliament, by £600,000 to yiend, by the Kengal, Madras and Bombay governments, by 100,000 sepos in arms; he exists by law, and I say he broke it. will you compare or confuse this deed, with the illegal breach of an opium or Yanky trader?—Never; it won't do, friend public won't swallow. The law is necessary to the existence of the one; for the other you must make a law, and get biting influences to support it. C. C. puts the cart before the horse. Your's, “Give ME My own” Canton, 1st July, 1835. Editor of the Canton Register. Dear Sir, I beg to bring particularly to your observation, the effect which it is possible the alteration in the Duties on Tea may have on certain kinds of Tea, should the equalization at one rate now anticipated, come into operation at a fixed-time in England, and without reference to ship- ments from China previous to intelligence of the change arriving here. This would press heavily and unjustly on the shippers of the Teas, rated by the 4th. Will, 4th at the low duty, and though this may, notwithstanding its manifest hjustice, be attempted, I have to request that you will be so good as tº rise any exertious in your power, by petition or otherwise as you Inay advisable, to oppose it. tº teas classed as Boheas rated at a duty of #, and which have been shipped on the faith of the Act of Parliament, will, as a matter of neces. sity, be seriously affected in sale and price, should they be met in the mar- ket on arrival, by a duty of 250 per cent on the cost at home to the Importer, and the teas of a higher grade and greater cost, as congos and low sou- chongs, be admitted at a reduced rate, by an equalization of the duty. The same will apply to the 2nd class of teas rated at 2s. 2d. per lb., and the shippers of twankays, hyson-skin and other teas, be injured, by the admission of the higher green teas, hysons &c. at a reduction on the duty in their favor of 33% per cent. - It will not be disputed, that the measure of equalizing the duties on all teas, will have the effect of improving the quality of the article sent to England, and throwing out of consumption the lower grades of teas, but it may be fairly expected, that as the same consequences would have resulted in the first instance had such been adopted, the shippers, on the faith of an Act of Parliament, should not now be exposed to loss, in con- sequence of the mis-information or miscalculation of those who fixed the scale of duties hitherto acted on, and it may reasonably be demanded, that all teas shipped from China previous to official notice in Canton of the altera- tion of the duties, shall be admitted according to the scale of duties till then presumed to be in force. - Mr. Editor, I presume that the numerous attacks on the tea trade in China, as at present carried on, by free traders, can hardly have escaped your notice: that they have not wholly done so, is apparent from your number before last, in which are some remarks on a Mr. Nicholson's attempts to puff himself into notice, no less at the expense of truth and common honesty, than of his fellow countryinen now embarked in this great and increasing trade. With ignorance and audacity, however, the battle can be but short, and I think that he and his farrago of “Grocer's knowledge”, may be quietly left to the contempt which is pretty sure to follow his labors. There are, however, I am sorry to see, other publica- tions of greater respectability and equal notoriety, which are now fight. ing the battles of by-gone monopoly, side by side with this self elected champion of tea and tallow, and as some of these have a high name in the world of letters, and as such it is to be supposed that their articles ma carry greater weight, I think that you, as the mouth-piece of the communi. ty, which a public paper should him at, becoming, are called on to watch narrowly, and reply seriously, to all these insidious attacks on the well. being and prosperity of this trade. The publications, which I now more particularly allude to, are the Asiatic Journal, and the Quarterly Review. The first of these, notoriºusly in the pay, and under the direct control of the E. I. company, we have always looked on as an open enemy; avowed, and so fºr honorable; but I now see some of its pages fijiºd, I º, say, in every number, with tirades against “free trade," and sneers on “free trade tea”, intended, doubtless, to impress the tea drinking population of England with ideas of the utter absurdity of the supposition that tea, of good kind, can be purchased, in, China, without the intervention of . company in Leadenhall street, and a showy establishment kept up at Can- 4. |- THE CANTon REGISTER. " 'ton and Macao, at great expense, to “bother the natives;" and another grand turn-out, of gentlemen in blue coats ornamented with gold lace, to take home the “real” genuine tea purchased by the aforesaid supercargoes. From the evident partizanship of this opponent, his arguments, such as they are, can, however, not work us much harm, and it is only necessary that his readers, or the readers of some of his articles carefully republished in other periodicals, be made acquainted with his helotism to do away with the effect altogether. I now come to our most formidable, and most bulky, as imposing op- ponent, the Quarterly Review; the strong hold of all that is bigotted in party or antiquated in opinion; yet not the less likely to work us harm among the many, who are more content to take a loud assertion as current coin, than inclined or able to reason on, and expose its folly or falsehood. In number 104, of the Quarterly Review, published in November last, at pages 357 and 368, I find, introduced in a Review of Burnes' travels into Bok- hara (a), some passages and a note by the Editor, not more at variance with our interests than with truth, on the subject of the teas that must in future be sent home for the consumption of Great Britain. With all the laments therein contained for the extinction of the E. I. company's monopoly, I have nothing to do, nor can you—they are in keeping with the politics and wishes of the Reviewers, and therefore they have a right to lament, if they please, the downfall of an iniquitous and partial system, in which, we know, their souls delighted; but I wish that some protest should be entered against the wilful and barefaced falsehocds with which they have thought proper to garnish their pages, in the hope of injuring those on whom the mantle of the company has now, thanks to the good sense of the people of England, descended. - It is stated that “the most respectable of the hong merchants have retired from business” and “the rest are either unable or unwilling to advance a shilling to enable the poor (!) cultivators of tea to prepare the usual supply!” Now, Sir, we all know that this is, from first to last, one of those flourishes of language which gentlemen who, as Sheridan says, “rely on their imagination for facts” will indulge in, and which, in plain English (excuse the expression), is called a lie. Which of the respectablo hong merchants has retired from business! And how many of the rest are unable or unwilling to advance funds, from which advance they well should know they must reap large profits! This, false as it is, may be taken as a fair specimen of the trash given er cathedra to the people of England, against the supply of this necessary of life (for such it now is) by the agents and merchants of Canton, who, happily for all, have now taken the place of the overpaid supercargoes of the E. I. company. However, to console the tea drinkers, the Reviewer allows that “some tea will go home” and, he impartially says, that “it will be as well that his readers know what sort of tea it will be". He then proceeds, as may be expected, to state that this tea is to be of the worst possible description; manufactured and dried trash, sufficient, as the sapient, veracious, and impartial Nichol- son & Co. say, to poison the whole of the population of Great Britain (b); of course presuming that capital, not employed by the hong merchant to buy good teas, such as are and must be grown, year after year, will be devoted to the production or manufacture of a spurious and adulterated article; a conclusion worthy of the writer of such an article as I am now alluding to. And pray, Sir, what then is to become of all the good tea grown by the chinese! Oh! of course, according to the Quarterly Review, the chinese will drink the thirty two millions, supplied to the E. I. company, themselves! They, as a matter of course, hate the free traders, who would buy their teas at fair prices, as much as the Quarterly Reviewer himself does! They, no doubt, have an instinctive and unconquerable antipathy to free trade, and would prefer letting the tea rot on the trees, or perish in their warehouses, to allowing a single pecul to be bought by men who had nothing better than dollars or goods to offer in exchange, and who were not the servants of a company, the existence of which its partizans have confidently asserted kept down the price of teas in China. Sir, I pity the poor chinese much! At present, all that they can expect from the merchants of London, Liverpool, and Glasgow, through their Agents here, is the market value of their teas, for a greater quantity than the company exported! Is not this a dreadful dilemma! That such is (a) It is a curious fact that most of these libels on the character of “free traders” are wrapt up or introduced in articles of an entirely different character—for instance, in an article “on the state of the drama in India,” which appears in the December No. of “the Asiatic,” the tea for this and fiture years is denounced as “poison” &c. &c. and a bitter philippic against “free traders, adventurers” &c. is introduced. “The things we know are neither rich nor rare, - But wonder how the d–l they got there!" To such a degree is the inveteracy of these soi disant curators of the public health carried against free trade. (b) The single objection that can, with any show of justice, be brought against “free trade teas” is in the case of some that went home from Sin- º and most unfortunate for that settlement it is that such should have n the case; as, in future, teas from there will be looked on with a sus- picious eye; but these were, in fact, not “free trade” teas:—they were teas taken down by the Junks, as usual every year, principally from Amoy, and were low Anko's of the coarsest description, packed in baskets, and not curled or prepared for the use of any but the poor chinese in the Archi- pelago. The cost of these in China might vary from 3 to 5 taels per pecul; and they were shipped to England by people unacquainted with the teamarket, and, as a matter of course, from their bad quality, rejected— this is, in fact, a proof of how little danger there is that the English people will allow themselves to be “poisoned” with “trash," as all “free trade tea” is called by our opponents—As to the teas imported from the continent, surely we shall not be held answerable for their quality—Had the Act of Parliament not been framed in the most “lubberly” manner, these teas could never have gone to England. The “free traders” may reasonably complain against the government on this very account:—“Call you that backing of your friends"? --- ~~ 107 now their lamentable position is proved, by the assertion of the Quarterly Review, that manufactories of green Woping are now established near Canton—proving in fact, if it proves any thing, that the demand for tea, by the free traders, is so great that the supply, of really good kind, is not sufficient to meet it. But, let me ask this advocate of the company, if no such tea as this same calumniated Woping was known to the company's Agents? Has it altogether been invented for the use of free traders! Or has it not, for many years, found its way home, in the company's “unadulterated tea” chests, as bohea, to the knowledge of all who know any thing on the subject. Who the “eye witness, of unquestionable authority,” may be, it might be difficult to arrive at; but, be he who he may, he must be a wiseacre. Does he suppose that “that blooming blue of plums, and that crispy appearance, which are supposed to indicate the fine green teas" are natural, in any teas; or that they are not as much the result of manufacture and good doctoring, in Che-keang province, as in Canton! . If the English tea-dealers and consumers have taken it into their heads that these are the criteria of fine green teas, the people of any place where green tea is prepared will impart them; whether by means of white lead, as the Quarterly Review's correspondent says (but which I do not believe is used) or by any other that will have the effect of adapting the tea to the prejudices of the people of the country to which it is to go. The Honam manufacturers make no secret of the mode of preparation; any one that chooses may see it; the firing, dying with prussian blue and gypsum, to give it that “blooming blue” so much in request, and all the rest:-and, if an enquiry is made as to the employment of these, the enquirer is astounded with the reply that this is the mode in which all the green tea in China, meant for foreign use, is prepared; and that the “blooming blue” of the Che-keang leaf is as artificial as that of the so much vituperated Honam delicacy. Nay, they have the audacity to assert that the only difference in the two teas is that the more northern shrub, being grown in a colder coun- try, is of finer quality originally;or that the produce of the two manufactures would be in all respect the same; that this same coloring and doctoring of the tea is so far from being new in Canton, that it was carried on in the com- pany's time, in full vigor, so that the free traders have succeeded to this among the other advantages which the company are for ever deploring the deprivation of - What can be the object of the Quarterly Review, the Asiatic Journal and other periodicals, in these constant sneers and sarcasms on “free trade tea”! The Editor of the Grocer's twaddling Journal, no doubt, finds his interest in it; but the others, I presume, have no teas to puff up; and the can scarcely, at the present day, expect that all their labors and sneers will prevail over the good sense of thełnglish people,and cause the re-establish- ment of the most absurd as the most injurious monopoly that has ever existed; injurious, not alone in a ... point of view—by tying down the export of British manufactures to a certain amount, and forcing the trade into the hands of a rival nation;–by confining the advantages, which ought to be divided among the many, to the few:—by substituting extravagant and lavish expenditure for prudential and free trade econo- my;—by limiting the consumption of an article of wholesome and every day use, that their great profits might be retained at the expense of the nation at large;—by infringing the very first rights of mankind, in the insolent claim of proprietorship of the highway of nations, in saying to the rest of the British nation “thus far shall ye go and no farther"— thus, in fact, shutting others out from what they could not enjoy, lest the way to this, their land of Ophir, should be happened on:—injurious, 1 repeat, not alone in these, but, yet more so, in the degradation which their conduct, in this country, has brought down, deservedly, on themselves, and, no less so, unhappily, on the natlon which they arrogantly, claimed to repre- sent. Their trade has now, it is true, passed away from them; but when will the deep stain on the character of Britain, which the whole course of their conduct here has tended to produce, be removed Cr, if washed out, must it not be in blood! And for what, may I ask, were the concessions and self abasements made, but to preserve the czclusive possession of the trade, and mystify their country with meaningless ac- counts and awful hints of the peculiarity of the chinese; their indisposition to trade, the impossibility of dealing for teas, save through a select committee, on the one hand, and the hong merchants (arcades ambo) on the other: and this is the twaddle which has so long succeeded in stifling the trade of the merchants of England, and which is repeated, like the burden of an old song, in all the articles written against that crying abomina- tion “free trade!” - - I should like, if possible, to procure some information as to another of the “facts” so insisted on by the advocates of the company. How has the case stood, for some years past, as to advances by them to the hong merchants! I think that it must be in the recollection of most of the ol Canton residents that, not more than four years ago, so far from the company being in advance for the teas of the coming season, they, at the chinese new year, the most critical of all times to the chinese merchants, for some wise purpose, no doubt, but, whether to injure, if not ruin, thé then free traders or agents, is not ascertained—went to Macao, leaving the tea of the previous season unpaid for; the amount, obtained for their Bills on Bengal, being shipped off to England, in hard dollars, in some of their early vessels. In consequence of this breach of faith (c), I think I do recollect something of the retirement from business of the senior hong merchant, who, I will mention, for the information of the Quarterly Review, and all concerned, has been, this last year, not only supplying the “free traders” with teas, but actually shipping, on his own acconnt, for the British market, large quantities of what, according to Mr. Nichol. son and the Quarterly Review, are but “trash and mere stuff, grass, leaves” &c. but which we, on the spot, have some reason to think are among the best teas which China produces. (c) It is notorious that, in the following year, the Americans purchased from the hong merchants and others the very Green teas which had been contracted for by the company—they had, in fact, the first offer of thesa teas—the reason of this is obvious. . ...~-- --- 108 “I This, however, matters nothing to the Quarterly Review; for, so long -as the impression can be produced on the British people, of the inferiority. of the teas which mºst go home in future, the object is gained; and if the “free trader” be injured or ruinel by them, so much, no doubt, the better! How dare they presume to violate this, s , long the sinctuary of monopoly; of which the Quarterly, Review is the avowed champion, whether in politics, learning, or trade! The run of all such “interlopers, and adventurers"—the cant terms for the British merchants trading to the eastward of the Cape, would, no doubt, be “a consumination devotely to be wished;” and, verily, the publications which I have referred to are by no means idle in their endeavours to promote so good a work. It is, however, but right that their sophistry, and deliberate, pers ºvering falsehood should be exposed; and the unenlightened of England, to whom, I suppose, these are principally addressed, and on whom it is hoped to work an effect, be informed that, so long as they have manufactures or doll irs, where with to purchase teas, so long will the Chinese gladly, sell them; whether it be to an overgrown and ill-managed company, under the impºlitic and unjust sys- tem of monopoly, or the better conducted and thoroughly equitable one of Canton, July 3rd, 1835. “FREE TRADE.” Erpedition up the Min. May 7th. Mr. Gutzlaff and myself again took another excursion on shore, having the same purposes as before, but a larger supply of books. Yet we found it impossible to keep any of them till we had reached the end of our walk. This was the more regretted, because we there entered a house to obtain some water, and found the whole family assembled, consisting, of several gentlemen of respectable appearance, besides the females. The old gray- headed father said, “how could you give away all your books, and not leave even one for us?” These were intell gent persons, and from their directions, confirmed by that of others, we ascertained our proper course. It may b : observed here, that the spoken dialect of the people diſſered so much from that of the province of Fuhkeen, as spoken abroad, that even Mr. Gutzlaff found it difficult to converse with them. Recourse was sometimes obliged to be had to writing. But after a short time, by attention to their peculiarities of tone and phraseology, he overcame the difficulty in a great measure. example, Fuhchow foo was pronounced by them, Hochºw hoo. The people exhibited no hostility, but rather friendly feelings, and sold us geese, fowls, pork, eggs, and fruit. The only injury we suffered from them in this, or any other place, was the loss of a metal basin which a sly rogue contrived to take off unseen, though watched by a vigilant Caire with a drawn cutlas. * For * * * * * May 11th. From the firing of crackers and guns not far before us, it seemed probable that we might meet with difficulty in passing the town. A little boy also handed us a paper which stated that “nine thousand officers and soldiers awaited us in front, and should we even pass them, there were ten thousand more in reserve.” Regarding this as the offspring of a friendly fear for us, or more probably as a trick of intimidation from the military, we returned it without remark. It had been unanimously agreed, that any resort to force on our part in order to gain a passage, was in our circum- stances both unjustifiable and preposterous. So little apprehension of any occasion for it existed, that not a gun in the boat was loaded. At half past eleven, a fair and fresh wind sprung up, when we immediately set forward, ploughing the stream in fine style, and leaving some hundreds of friendly natives waving their adieus to us. In fifteen minutes we were suri rised by the sound of guns and the splash of balls near us. Perceiving the firing was from both banks, but not apprehending much more than an attempt to intimidate us, we merely put the bºat in the middle of the river and kept on. The lulling of the breeze just at this moment, which we hoped would soon carry us past them, gave us unwillingly an opportunity of more minutely observing the assailants. On our right, station, d in a secure ravine, were about twenty soldiers with matchlocks. These took deliberate aim at us, lying down for the purpose; and when they perceived a shot take effect, raised a shout of triumph. Many of their balls fell short. On our left, also in a deep passage, were stationed apparently a hundred men, with matchlocks and small cannon or swives, mounted on a low, temporary breastwork. From this place of ambush, they fired rounds with some degree of regularity, sending the balls quite across the river. When danger was seriously apprehended, we had already gone so far past the direct line of the fire, that it seemed doubtful whether it were not as safe to keep on as to return. But after we had gott ºn almost behind their fire, and perceived them leaving their stations to pursue us, we determined to return, weſ] assured that it was vain to think of advancine against hostility so determined, to a recurrence of which we must be contantly liable. The firing continued some time after we put about the boat; vet it is but just to say, that this may be accounted for as well by supposing tº ºn to have mistaken our intention in putting about, for a design to and and attack the party on one shore, as by any other supposition. This is the more plausible explanation from the fact, that the firing did eventually cease while 'we were yet directly opposite to the stations, and consequently within the range of of their shot. Nineteen balls in all stººk the bºat and sus, yet tº ºn the over-ruling and gratiºns hand of God, no one was kilº, and , it tºo men wounded. Two shots passed through the ſail cabin where xi sers. Gordon and Gutzlaff were sitting at the time; several shivered the gunwale of the boat, and many hit the oars and sides. Very providentially we had just been clearing out the boat, so that most of the crew by lying down were in a measure protected, whereas had they been sitting up as usual, several of them must have been shot by the balls which passed through the lower part of the sails. It was not through any fºr sight of ours that this saintary precaution had been taken. On our part not a shot was ſired from first to last, but we left them, as we desired, to bear alone any imputation of bar. barism which might attach to the indiction of violence on the unresisting. The result of this expedition, taken in connection with the transactions of last summer in the river of Canton, will go to prove that the interior of China cannot be traversed with impunity by foreign, rs. The erection of new, and the repairing of old, fors, and the garrisoning of deserted military stations, all indicate a sort of indefinite apprehension of danger from abroad. The vigilance of the imperial olicers in the interior forbids the h pe that a foreign- er can penetrate far without detection; an I their adhesiveness when once attached to the intruder equally allºws no hope of escaping from them. If the Chinese costume were adopted, this might prolong the time of detection, but would much more diminish peso a sat, ty, after such a discovery. Hut this prevalent feeling of suspicion is not of much consequence to the increhant, *. ... C.º.ºjº'Cº'ſ Rºº. STE.R. who only proposes to send his vessels into the outer harbors for the sake ot trade. The disposition of the people was sufficiently manifested by their readiness to seize opportunities of intercourse, and especially of trade, with us. More than once were we importuned by the villagers among whom we went on shore after our return, to drive away the fleet that was stationed to guard us. Nor need this feeling retard the zeal of the missionary, before whom lies a well inhabited seacoast of many hundred miles, to much of which access may be had in the way of transient visits at least, and where live a numerous body of our fellow-men, ready to receive from our hands religious books. The evidences of this readiness we constantly found in this short excursion.—Chinese Repository, June, 1833. Sir Harford Jones Brydges, Bt. Mission to Persia. After talking of various things, the shah commenced the most minute, and in some points, comical enquiries about the Royal Family of England. He professed the highest respect and veneration for his late Majesty, George the Third, whom he styled, Peder-e-Shah in, the Father of Kings, in the same sense as we talk of the Father of the House of Commons, and wished to know (as I had told him his Majesty did not sit every day in the Deeran Khaneh, *) how he passed his time, whether he hunted, hawked, or what he did, I told him I believed that when the King was younger, he regularly hunted the stag twice in each week; and when I told him that the stags were bred and in a manner trained for this purpose, and carried out in a cart, and then turned loose, the shah laughed, but said, “Aye, aye, I see how “it is, you Europeans always leave as little to chance as possible, and I sup- “pose your King must never be disappointed.” I then told the shah that previously to my leaving England for India the first time, I had had the honor to be present at one of the King's stag hunts, which lasted four hours and a half without stop. “God!” said the shah, “that must have been good “sport; but the King did not ride all that time, did he?” I assured the shah that his Majesty tode as hard, or hander, than any man in the field. “By God,” said the shah, “his Majesty must be a perfect man, for he is wise, “hold, and khoush-sarar (a fine horseman); of all things in the world, I “should like to have a skekar (chase) with my brother George.” The shah then made many enquiries about his late Majasty, George the Fourth, of whom he said he had heard great praise. I told him the Prince ºf Wales was esteemed to be the most accomplished and finest gentleman in his father's dominions. “His daughter may be your Queen, may she not, “if she outlive her father?” I answered, “certainly.” The shah said:—Aye, “we had once a Shah-Khaunem—a King-Queen, but she made a very bad “hand of it.” I replied, “that we had had three Queens in England, and “that the reigns of two, Elizabeth and Anne, were almost the most brilliant “that we could reckon.”—“Aye, aye,” said the shah, “Lizbat dil sheer!” (i. e. “Elizabeth the lion-hearted) I know all about her; she would have cut off “the Papa's (i. e. Pope's) head, if she had lived; Shah-Khaunems may do “very well for you, with your laws and customs, but they would never do “here.” The Shah said, the King's next son is the Ameer-al-askar, (i. e. “Commander of the Army) is he not? the French talked to me a great deal “about him—they said he knows how to make an army better than any man “in the world, but he is not so good a general as Bonopart.” I replied, “Please your Majesty, these are things I know nothing about.”—“Very “well,” said the Shah, “and the next son is, Serdar-al-Bahr, (i. e. Com- “mander of the Navy) but I suppose much the same as Hassan Ally is go- “vernor of Farsistan, and that he has some Nars-Oollah-Khan, t to tell him “what he is to do, and how to manage his ship, for what should he know “about ships and shipping; where could he learn it?”—“Your Majesty,” said “ſ, is greatly mistaken, in respect to His Royal Highness the Duke of “Clarence, who is as good an officer as any in the British fleet, and has seen “as much service as most of them. The King sent him on board ship, when “he was not, (I believe) twelve years old, and gave strict orders that His “Royal Highness should be treated in the same way, and made to do the same “duty, as the gentlemen's sons who were put there to learn their profession; “in time he was appointed to the command of a ship, and has regularly risen, “like, his brother-officers in the Navy, to the rank he now holds.”—“Wul- “lth" said the King, “what a wonderful country your's is, and what “wonderful people you are; I should have a pretty piece of work with the “mother of one of my Princes, if I proposed to take her son, and send him “down to Bushire, to put him on board a Khishter;” (i. e. a bark or ship) and he laughed very heartily. The shah kept conversing about the Royal Family, till at last he said:—Come Mr. Ambassador, let you and I make a match. “What say you to Abbas' son marrying the Prince of Wales's daughter; “where would all the Kings of the earth be compared to such a King and “Queen! Eugland, all India, all Persia, Young a Dunieh (i.e. all America!!) “thºse would be real Shah aulems, these would be the true Kaisers, true “Fugfors' no joke, no child's play;” and then he went on to parody the well “known verse at Delhi:— “If there is a king in the world, this is he, this is he, this is he.” After the Shah had amused himself with this idea for sometime, and had built all sºrts of castles iu the air, he said:—“Come, the thing's done, and I ‘sºll sºld you, to-night, the usual sheerene, (sweetmeats) on the ahed,” “(fianctiles ) S we had now arrived opposite to the little village of Tikmed ash, and I v is ºn hopes the Shah would have permitted me to take leave; for the night- fall had come on, and drops of rain fell thick aud fast; instead of which he said:-‘’Wºl'. I hear you and Meerza Hozurg are going to turn farmers “herº. I shall come, as I go by, and see your large cows, your fine sheep, ‘and other things, and whºu I encamp at Oujoon, I hope you will be able “to send me twice as much provision as the village does now.”—“Please “your Majesty,” I replied, “our plan is to send you nothing at all but what “you pay fºr, and to pay you nothing but your taxes.”—“Oh, oh, you want to mºke a French, republic, but I will come Bonapart over you.” I said, “no, please yºur Majesty, we want to make you something like the King “of England.”—“Aye, a ye,” replied the Shah, “if you can do that you “will be clever fellows indeed ''' Literally—the Hall of Public Audience and Justice. t Nasr (, ollah Khan was nominally the Minister; but actually the dry nurse of the Prince governor of Farsistan. - 1. Kaiser is applied to the Rouau Emperors: Fugfoor to those of China and Tartary. § It was comical enough, that in the course of this royal solil ~guy, for I answered nothing, the same words nearly, which Shakspeare pºts into the mouth of Henry of Monmouth, when courting Katherine o ºf France, should have been used by the Shah. Surely this is another prºof, how closely ºr great Pard copied nature—“ Compound a boy half Per-ian, half English, that shall go to Constantinople, and take the Turk by the beard." * THE CANTON REGISTER. Al2 any kind should or did ſlow through that channel to the Bri- tish navy—which can so well guard it's own honour and rights—it is diſlicult either to conceive or believe. To the Editor of the Canton Register. A correspondent, has it seems, given the Hurkaru a plain account of the late proceedings here; which, accustom- ed as he has been hitherto to hear only one side of the question, has somewhat shaken his confidence in your “valuable Register.” On that part of the article which relates to the late lord Napier's proceedings, respect for his lordship's memory bids ºne be silent, and since we cannot record his success in the important missions with which he was e.trusted, it is bootless now to enquire whether he w is influenced by a faction or party, or “worked done f" in an affair which resulted in a sad ſailure. We next come to the matter of the hung-merchant's letter being answered in an unauthorised manner by the individual whose name stood first on the list. In the first place, Mr. Editor, you should take care when you are so free in your use of such terms as “falsehool and mis- representation” that you do not expose yourself to a similar imputation, as you most assuredly have done in this case. You quote just so much as suits your own purpose; the words in the Hurkaru are these; –“re; lied to the cºn- munication of the hong merch unts N H is ow N N A * B." — which you have distorted into the name of the whºle British community: where lies the “misrepresentation and falsehoo “now Allow me, however, to ask you a plain questina. Had a letter been all ressed by the 13, it is a merchan's to “H., v qua and ºthers', as is c is to nary, and i low q a had sent his indiridual answer to this letter because his name stood “first on the list”—woul not you have pronounced this au assumption, an unauthorised assumption? -Anil woºl I not the validity of the answer so returne | | | \, been question ed by the British merch ºuts! – most assuredly it wouli: the case being exa, t'y p tº all. I, the act of the in livi ºn 1 who answere the 1, it of ºil boº, ºne chants in his orn name because his maine stood first ºn the list, was an un- authºrised assu ºption: the ſ , t is proven. But the in ºtter of high st interest comes lºst. The eloquent burst of honest indignation called for ill by th: charge against your paper of sni, serviency to a party is in your best style; and but for a slight dash of gasconade is worthy of a better cause. Assertion, ... r. 1.ditor, goes ſor nothing; the independence of your paper will not b, acknowledged because you proclain it such: nºr will it's integrity be questioned on an ºpinion of it's venality. As to your in partialty in repo ting, I eſer you to the Hurkaru of the 10th December, where the repºrt of the meeting convened ly lord Napier on the 13th august last, is copied from your Register. Allow the to ask yºu was it a fair and impartial report. or if a distant reader of that rep ºrt could possibly know the reason for which the in...eting was convene I. But as you were (I believe) not present it may perhaps be as well to point out to you what did take place. The meeting being opene I, a gentleman present direct. ly charged the “first on the list' with having answered the letter in an unauthorised manner, and deman led his reason for so doing; and he being unable to aſſord a s tisfactory answer to the charge, lord N pier took upon himself the blane of the proceedings, and the discussio then drºpped out of deference to his lar ship. I challenge any one present to deny the truth of this; and yet in your ex, essive impartiality you pass all this over, calling it “a rauliin- desultory conversation." Still, bold must the m n be who dares express an opposite opinion from you; he must indeed have “lost his powers of reasoning in this hot climate"— *- + Qu-down? as you have hinted (though rather obscurely) what yoa would do, if you knew the name of the inan who did. I have done my best to conform to the principles laid down by you for contributions to your Paper, and after the accurate perception of the “bounds of decorum” you have shown in your paper of the 3rd inst. I trust I have confined myself within the limits of decen, y; and as you say your columns are open to all subj cts thus treated, I expect you will insert this in your next; if you do not, all your assentions of your independence rhay be sum- med up in a shoºt quot...t.on from Goldsmith—“Fudge.” Canton, 7 March, 1835. Yours &c. AN observer of passixC Events Scraps on Chinº. Agricultural labour end population. The lands of China being rendered productive by incessant labour, furnish, perhaps, the best specimen of what improvement the soil of the earth is capable. Much as we admire chinese agriculture, we nevertheless believe that it may still be improved, It is by dint of continual exertions that the chinese manage to subsist; the least relaxatio would have dreadful consequences; but they have not yet learned to facilitate the work by proper division of labour. Their art of agriculture seems still to partake of primeval simplicity. The water wheel, however, is an exception, the construction of which is both simple and ingenious, and it is extremely useful. Every thing here is done by human labour. Beasts of burden being scaree on account of the expens is in maintaining them, m in becomes the substitute. The mass of the people toil incessantly to carn a bare subsistence; a small parcel of land furnishes the means of living for a large family; the peasants have recourse to every expedient in order to drag on their lives, and are, nevertheless, often reduced to extremities. Shall we ascribe this to an overflowing population, which has outgrown the means of subsistence; o; seek the cause in the fun amºntal institutions of the country? - We admit that the chinese are very improvident, and enter into early marriages without making first sure of a livelihood. Their prog ny, therefore, grow up in the utmost wretchedness or are mur lered by the cruel hand of the parent. The more wealth, classes naturally provide for their offspring, but the joulation sncreasing so rapidly, renders the constant division iſ property necessary. The chinese are a prolific nation and will increas , if no wars or epidemical diseas s intervene, until lot an inch of ground is left unoccupied and every article of lood eagerly consumed. Though we may ascribe partly the existing misery to the to latry being over-populous, there is no doubt but the cessation if improvement greatly contributes to heighten it. If the chinese n ition had kept pace with the western world in the march of i tellect, the wretched condition of the people would be greatly changed. There would be more resources, more labour would be requisite to maintain society in an advanced state, and greater facilities would be found for obtaining the necessaries of life. Now, however, the people multiply, but the means of subsistence to not augment in the same ratio. The consequences are bvious, and the government officers will be ultimately forced o adopt means to meet them. Liter try spirit. There is nothing in China which engages the attention of the public so inuch as the annual examinations. ºvery boly is anxious to know the names of the successful ‘andidates. All classes feel an interest in the affair. The nhabitants of whole districts boast of the honour gained by their successful townsmen; the greater the number of literary graduates he greater the renown of the city, We were quietly walking about in the street when out attention was attracted by the cries of a newscarrier. who had some illprinted papers for sale. Common coolies even stopped to enquire about the news, which were sold for two cash a sheet. Upon closer examination we found it to be a list of the Tsin-s: e graduates, who have attained this degree at the late examinati n in the capital. A native ſrom an adjacent province cale exultingly to us, and pointed out three names of his countrymen, who had shared in this honour. He detailed with pride their great acquirements and how worthy they were to have risen so high. As long as such a feeling pervades the breasts of the people the number of candidates for ollice will remain numerous, though innny die in despair of being called to a government appoin' in ºnt. How great might bº the advantages, if useful scien e was made the object of patient research, and if the gradu. ates, instead of pedants, were well instructed men. Ilolatry. When we consider the enormous expenses squander. ed upon the maintenance of idolatry in China; the gilt paper and, 1 14 THE CAINTGEN REGISTER. Le, the late acting-treasurer, is appointed judge in Shen- ise province; the 28th day of the present moon (23rd July) is fixed for his departure. On the 14th. of the moon (July 9th.) the Nam-hae he ºn issued a proclamation to the people to keep the streets clean,—and not to choke up the water-courses, or heap up filth in the streets, to the annoyance of passers-by. He quotes a prohibitory proclamatiou of the Foo-yuen, and threatens offenders and the street constables with the utmost rigor of the law, if they do not tremblingly obey, without opposition, his proclamation. Our readers will observe, from an extract which will be ſound in our columns, that the Morning Herald leaves the question of the powers of the superintendents with the merchants and manufactures of Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, and Glasgow. The powers alluded to are those which originated in the orders in council given at Brighton in dec. 1833; and there is not any necessity at present to bring them under further discussion; but the placing the guardian- ship of property in the power of the owners is judicious in the Morning Herald. The powers of the superintendents and the residence of the E. I. company's agents in China is, indeed, a question that very nearly concerns the manufactu- rers and merchants of the U. K. We suspect they have long ere this discovered the injurious tendency which cash advances from the company's agents in Canton for teas, must have on their interests, by excluding from the market just so much of their goods as would be equal in value to the cash advances; which will not only raise the price of teas, but have the much more fatal eſſect of lessening the demand for British manufactures,and, consequently, will act diametrically opposite to the intentions of II. M. government for the pro- motion and protection of the trade; this cause of a decrease in the demand of this important branch of the China trade, arising from the mis-appropriation of funds raised upon the resources of another country, will, if the system is continu- ed, tend eventually to supersede altogether the use of British manufactures in China; and thus, the home-capital and home-industry of Great Britain is likely to be offered up as a sacrifice to the intrigues of the insatiate Mammon of leadenhall street. If it is thought advisable—necessary it cannot be—to place a credit in China on the Bengal govt. as a channel of remittance, that credit should be lodg- ed with H. M. superintendents; but the proceeds should be be sent home as what they really are or intended to be:name- lv: Indian revenue, to pay the dividend to the proprietors of E. I. stock. But it should not, under any management, much less under that of the E. I. directors, be let loose on this market, to foster the hong-merchants to the detriment if not the exclusion of the British manufacturer, to raise the price of teas by forestalling, and to encourage improvi- dent speculations by injudicious or partial advances. - CHINA. Our Canton correspondent, under the date of 10th June last, informs us that the arrival of Papers, containing the Orders in Countil, with regard to the China trade, dated Brighton, December last, has created considerable dissatisfaction; and the orders are disapproved of on the following grounds:– First, the Council are considered to go beyond the powers committed to them by Parliament, inasmuch, as by one sweep of the pen, they restore all the most offensive portion of the old monopoly Bill, as regards the liberty of the subject, placing the liberties of every British merchant in the power of one man, and enabling punishment of desertion and imprisonment to be inflicted without a trial, and that a lower or less powerful body are exceeding their true powers, in thus reviving a right which the Commons, Lords, and King, had declared should cease. Secondly, This right against liberty is now not necessary (if ever it were so under the old monopoly Bill ), because the superintendents are armed with power to try by Jury, and, after conviction, legally to punish. This said revived right is therefore a piece of gratuitous injustice. Thirdly, The orders proceed on an assumed applicacion from the Chinese authorities to Company's supercargoes. The Chinese authorities never did so apply. One set of tea monopolists—the hong merchants, wrote a letter to another set of tea monopolists—the Company, at the supercargoes' own request to try and bolster up their dying cause; and on this letter the King and Council proceed to place in jeopardy the liberty of every Kritish merchant in China. How far our correspondents in Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, and Glas- gow, will like their consignees’ presence at the sale of their goods to depend on the caprice of any superintendent, remains to be seen; and with them we leave the question. Morning Herald. December 11th. TH E LA w of the LAND AND THE E. I. co MPANY. It is said an act parliament cau do any thing, except changing a man into a woman; but there is another labout reserved for the three estates; the performance of which will be scarcely less miraculous; namely: to bring the E. I. company to a proper and modest sense of it's position in the country and society; for all the plenitude of power pos- sessed by the king, lords, and commons in parliament as- sembled, is derided by this insolent corporation and their orderly organ, the court of directors. These jacobinical destructives and ultraradicals have not only defied, with the most barefaced shamelessness, the sacred authority of parliament, in persistiug to trade, malgré their agreement and in despite of their country's laws, in China, but—even at a time when the healing hands of British legislation have been passed over the African negro slave, whose chains burst as the merciful power overshadowed them,-they have dared, when Great Britain has said that India shall be henceſorth the soil of freemen, and colour, and caste, and birth shall be regarded but as what they are, simple accidents, like statue or strength, still to make the act of the creator the injury and disgrace of his creature. And who and what are these men who “play these tricks before high heaven? The following extract will show the cherished despotism of leadenhall street. THE COMPANY AND THE INDIA ACT. The most daring violation of law it has ever been our lot to know veritably practised, occurs anew in the annals of the company's rule over India. The Act, passed by Parliament in relation to the powers exercised by that frater- nity over the East, ordains, by specific clause, viz., the 87th, “that no Native of the said territories, nor any natural born subject of his Majesty resident therein, shall, by reason only of his religion, place of birth, descent. colour, or any of them be disabled from holding any place, office, or employment under the said company.” Yet, in the face of this Act decreed by Parliament, the company send the following mandate to the Authorities at Madras, which if it do not demonstrate the atrocious system of polity exercised by them, and their determined infraction of the laws, instituted by the senate even of Great Britain herself, will leave us without an argument hereafter to urge against them, or, indeed, as inst despotism, whatever form it may assume. The com- pany, in a despatch to the Madras, government, and which, for the sake of particulars, we refer the reader to the Madras Gazette of 6th July 1834 announce in terms as follow, that—“We have appointed Mr. Howe Daniel Showers, now on his passage to India, a Cadet of Infantry upon your esta. blishment, provided he be not the son of parents of whom, either one or both are of pure unmixed Native extraction, that he is not under the age of 16 or above 22 years, or exceptionable in any other respect. Upon your being satisfied as to the above particnlars, we direct you to admit him a Cadet of Infantry, and administer to him the usual oath of fidelity to the company.” Now, this we look upon as constituting the gravest violation of the law that has ever been perpetrated. The Indol iton, then, despite the shield, profes- sedly extended over him by the British Parliament, is veritably the victim (as heretofore he has been), of the company; he is, then, abandoned to the tender mercies of their Caligula rule, as much as if the English senate had not pretended to stand forward in his behalf—as much as if no power existed which could lift its arm between him and his atrocious oppressors! This then, is indubitably the position still of that most wronged and persecuted race. “Provided,” say the company, “Mr. Howe Daniel Showers be not the son of parents of whom, either one or both, are of pure, unmixed Native extraction, admit him a Cadet of Infantry”—if he be—(the consequence is too manifest to require us to point it out)—“if he be the son of parents &c.—if he be an East Indian, our ban is against him, we proscribe him he is one of a body whom we fear, therefore detest.” Such, then, is an insight into the system pursued, the principles acted up to by the company Weap. peal to the British nation at large, if, even upon the face of this instance alone of their policy, the company are the fit rulers of India? There can be but one answer to such a question,-Decidedly, the company are not the fit rulers of India. In this instance, as in others innumerably adduced by us, the company, to compass their own ends, to persevere in their own depraved yearnings after despºtism, have nºt scrupled to hold at defiance the will even of the British legislature, they have not hesitated to trample upon laws framed by the Parliament itself of England, and hence, in this treasonable usurpation of power to perpetrate crimes, carry into effect schemes of iniquity which giving rise to endless calamity, outrage all the rights and privileges of Nature. The case we have brought forward affects, indirectly, only an individual, but, in principle, it militates against the interests of a body amounting, in number, to no less than fifty thousand. It becomes, therefore a matter of the most vital moment. Society at large is interested in it; and we will not say society only, but civilization, but justic, but every principle of human right and liberty. Politically, it exemplifies the unconstitutional degree of power the company know it to be at their option to exercise; and morally, it supposes the darkest system of tyranny ever carried into operation against any class of any social community nnder the sun. In the annais of Eastern despotism even, we have never heard of a more flagrant infraction of the letter, as well as spirit of all law. Is such a system to be longer permitted? is the only interrogatory we at present advance, but this we add if the nation itself do not interfere to restrain it, to terminate a career of such tyranny, such monstrous outrage of all the principles of human right, the remedy must be with the body of East Indians themselves—of themselves they must be their own avengers.-Alexander's E. I. Mag. Felly, 1835. Mr. Editor, - Plenty will be said and written on the subject of the Troughton's plunder: yet a portion of the dollars place. Howqua, our police magistrate, in such an anomalous situation, that I think it due to the public to bring it under discus. | sion. G | | for the Affairs of India the power of increasing the compensation to junior officers, they would have felt it their duty to apply to the case of fifth and sixth mates of the Company's own service the same rate which had been adopted with reference to the superior officers. His other letter con- tained specific regulations as to the period of service which was to confer a claim for compensation. Sir C. Forbes expressed his regret that the Court of Directors had not thought proper to attend to the strong recommendation of the Board of Control with reference to the junior officers of the Company's own service. He had on a former occasion stated his own feelings upon the case of these unfortunate young men—for unfortunate he must call men of good birth, talents, and education, who, having devoted perhaps fifteen years of their lives to this service, were now to be turned adrift with a miserable sum of 320l. That was the sum awarded to those who had performed four voyages; and he said that in no other branch was there a rate of compen: sation to be compared with it. Several of these young gentlemen had been obliged to quit the country, some betaking themselves to Canada, others to Australia, in consequence of having failed to get any employ- ment here. He hoped the Court of Directors would still be induced to take the case of these ill-treated individuals into consideration, and that they would be placed in the same situation in which the Company origin- ally intended to place them with reference to the freighted service. He wonld say a word with respect to another class of meritorious officers— those who, having been in the Company't maritime service, some for 20 or 30 years, and having performed their duties faithfully and ably, had been, from want of interest, prevented from following their profession in the Company's service within the last five years. It certainly was hard that these gentlemen should be entirely excluded. He was aware that a line must be drawn somewhere; but he thaught there were some special cases amongst those to which he had referred worthy of receiving particular con- sideration. The Hon. Baronet then referred to the case of Mr. Pullen, who had been in the service 25 years; had risen to the rank of Senior Officer; and who, if the Company's trade had continued,—and he wished to God it had—would have stepped into the first command that was vacant, and been entitled to retain the benefits of it. This gentleman, in addition to the pension awarded by the proprietors, received nominally 5,000! for his five voyages; but from this sum was to be deducted three years' and six months' annuity, amounting to 1,250l; thus leaving him only 3,750l in addition to his pension. The Hon. Baronet repeated his hope that the Board of Directors would reconsider the cases of individuals so circumstanced. Mr. WEEDING, in rising to move that the correspondence between the Board of Control and the Directors should be printed, said he did not agree with the Hon. Baronet in the latter part of the remarks. He thought it highly honourable to the Directors to have awarded to those Officers 5,000l while they might have given them 1,800l. With regard to the other classes of Officers alluded to by the Hon. Baronet, he agreed with him in the opinion he had expressed, and he would beg to remind the Directors that the third resolution of the Court of Proprietors vested in them (the Directors) a discretion with regard to such cases as should appear to require peculiar consideration for any reason. He entreated the Court to receive with compassion those memorials which would certainly be laid before it. A small sum of money would gladden the hearts of those who were now very much distressed. The ChairMAN said that, with regard to the directors not having adopted the recommendation of of the Board of Control on the subject of the junior branches of the Company's service, he must submit that they had no power or authority in the case whatever. The question had been decided by the Court of Proprietors and referred to the Board of Con- trol for its sanction and confirmation. The Directors had merely acted in a ministerial capacity, and had, to the best of their judgement, given effect to the intentions of the proprietors. The general recommendation, or rather the general opinion, given by Mr. Grant referred only to the in- ferior officers of the Company's own sºrvice, and, with great submission, he doubted the grounds and premises upon which that opinion was given. It should be remembered that the first plan did not provide compensation for the junior officers, which omission was supplied in the amended plan, by which the same scale of proportion was adopted with regard to the fifth and sixth mates as in the case of the superior officers. In all that the Directors had done they had merely acted upon the rules laid down by the Commissioners for the affairs of India, founded upon the recom- mendation of the Court of Proprietors. The question could be again opened by the propietors upon a distinct motion if it were considered ne- cessary or judicious to do so. Upon that point he offered no opinion. He could only say that the Directors felt for those who where excluded as much as any individual in the Court of Proprietors could, but a line must be drawn somewhere. He must confess that his own feeling was not so much in favour of the junior branches of the service as of those of longer standing. The former were serving a kind of apprenticeship and receiv. ing their professional education in the best nautical school in the world. He felt more particularly for those officers who had made their 14 or I5 voyages, out of whom the Company had the best service they were ca- pable of rendering. In answer to some observations of Sir Charles Forbes which were not distinctly heard, the Chairman went on to say that in the management of the Poplar Fund the Directors were only stewards. The fund still existed; and whatever claims were preferred, should, of course, be duly considered. With respect to Mr. Pullen, to whose case the Hon. Baronet had referred, the Directors had actually strained a point in his favour. Although only a chief officer, they had recognised him as a Captain, because a ship was vacant, although it was not to go another voyage for the Company. They awarded him 5,000l, which was the highest sum given; but, of course, he could not receive that and the an- TZEE GAN'ſ nuity together—the first being the full pay, and the latter the half-pay. Mr. WEEDING repeated that a resolution of the Court of Proprietors | Cº., Ilºis Tzirk. gave the Directors power to deal with special cases, and made some ob- servations upon the finanoial state of India. In answer to which, The CHAIRMAN said, that although 14:009,000l were realised by the commercial assets, still part of that sum was to be applied to the re- demption of the debt; and that, in consequence of recent changes, India would not be in as good a condition with respect to net revenue as heretofore. - A PRoPRIEToR said he should not be surprised if, in consequence of such statements, India Stock were to fall 20 per cent to-morrow. Some furthar discussion took place upon the correspondence between the Directors and Mr. Grant, in the course of which Sir C. Forbes and Mr. WEEDING contended that nothing which could pass between these two parties could be conclusive without the sanction of the Court of Proprietors. The CHAIRWAN said that if the Directors had done anything wrong, it was competent for any Proprietor to set it right, by bringing forward a vote of censure upon them, or some specific proposition. It would be found that the letter of the presideut of the Board of Control contained, not an opinion, but a decision as to the regulations to which the Court must adhere, unless it should be revised and annulled by his successor in office. In answer to a question from Mr. FIELDER, the CHAIRMAN said that at present the gratuities were likely to amount to 260,000l, and the annuities to at least 38,000l. a-year. It was then agreed that the correspondence which had been read should be printed.—(The Morning Herald, Decmber 18.) We take this opportunity of mentioning a curious anecdote respecting the suspicious and haughty treatment of foreigners in the territory of another lama. When lord William Bentinck was at Simla in 1831, he received a letter from the Chinese authority at Lassa, sent with an indi- vidual, a native of Patna, who had penetrated into that country as a travel- ler, stating that this person had been found prying into many matters that did not concern him, and therefore had been detained some months in pri- son; that, however, as he was a subject of the zemindar of Bengal, who, no doubt, would not presume to entertain projects of aggression, as he ought to confine himself to the affairs of his own zemindaree, the man was sent back to his own country, with a caution not to commit such an indiscretion again. The style of the letter was so ridiculously imperious, according to chinese fashion, that his lordship, instead of answering it himself, directed the secretary in the Persian department to write an ap- propriate answer in his own name; and accordingly, the power and majesty of the company's representatives, the renown of their arms, their forbear. ance and condescension, and the high office of the functionary who ho- noured the chinese general (or whatever might be his title) with his cor. respondence, were duly set forth in terms which no doubt astonished the weak minds of the dignitaries of the celestial empire.—Cal. Cour. May, 29. - METEOROLOGICAL DIARY FOR JUNE, The RM. B.A.R. , -º- night. noon. WINDS. © 1 76 85 29.90 E a SE. fine wr. 1st. & mid.pts. lat-rn. mod.br. f 2 76 83 29.85 Ease. cloudy with frat. rin. at tims. a fr. br. : 3 74 80 29.85 SaSE. do. with light rain at times, mod. br. Yſ 4 74 79 29.90 E. do constant rn. 1st & mid. parts, do. * 5 74 83 29.90 E a SE. fine weather light breeze. H 6 76 8S 29:85 N.——do. mod. breeze. O7 75 86 29:80 N.——do.--sultry, at times a fresh br. © 8 76 90 29:75 SaSE.--do.—1st & mid. mod. a N. lat. It. br. & 9 78 90 29:80 Ease -do.--— light breeze. § 10 80 89 29:80 NaSE, unstld. with rain at times, It. wble, br. }ſ 11 77 76 29.90 E a SE. constant rain, mostly mod. breeze. * 12 74 82 29:20 E a SE. fine weather, light breeze. H 13 76 88 29:70 SE.—do.——do.—do. O 14 80 84 26:80 SE a N. most part cloudy, vble. light breeze. © 15 76 82 29:90 N. do. rain It. breeze. J 16 76 84 29:90 N a E. first part clay, mid.<.fine, lt.vble br. # 17 78 88 29.90 Ease.unstli.lt.rn.latt.partthnr.& Ightg.lt. br. }ſ 18 77 82 29:90 SE. most part rain, thunder, mod. breeze. * 1976 84 29:90 SE. fine weather most part, rain latterly,lt.br * 20 76 82 29.85 SE. most part rain do. O21 76 85 29:80 SE. rain first part, mid. & latter flne, mod.br. ©22 76 85 29:85 SE. fine wr. do. & 23 76 86 29.90 EaNE.do.1st&mid.mtly a ſr. br. rn.in 1. p. ; 24 78 84 29:90 E a SE. unstld. rn. at times, with a mod, br. )(25 78 86 29:90 SE. fine weather, mod. breeze. * 26 80 88 29:90 SE.——do. mostly light breeze. h 27 77 88 29:90 SE.—do.—do.——do. O28 78 87 29.85 E.do.1st&mid.lat.unstld. rn.&thnr.at tms.f.br. © 29 77 86 29:80 EasR. rain at times, mod. br. ! 30 77 88 29:75 SE. fine weather, sultry, light breeze. For arrivals see Price Current. 'I' IH E ©ANºli tº thistºliº ... The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “ press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “ will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” vol. 8. - - Tuesday, Jury 28TH, 1835. CHARLES GRANT. ~~~~~ PRICET, INTO. 30.’; 50 CENTS : NOTICE. W E beg to announce that Mr. Alexander Colvin, Mr. William Ainslie, and Mr. Daniel Ainslie, have this day been admitted partners in our establishment which will now be carried on under the firm of J. & H. Cowie & Co. J. & H. Cowie. Calcutta, 1st May, 1835. (Advertisements, see Price Current.) ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N T ON . Arrived, the American ships Galary, Goodrich, from New York, and Richard Alsop, Mac Michael, from Bal- timore. The Richard Alsop, has brought American papers that contain some very interesting intelligence relating to the indemnity treaty between America and France. A few extracts will be found in our columns. The British ship, Edinburgh, Marshall, from Bombay and London. We are glad to learn that the “pensive public" of Can- ton are about to be spurred into a keener and more joyous state of existence by the efforts of another journal. We hail our co-adjutor that is to be with unfeigned satisfaction; and hope that through our united efforts, the whole truth will find it's way to the public unbiassed by what certain individuals in Canton are pleased to term a party-feeling. Of the independence, candour, and honesty of the two journals the public must be the judge. - We request the attention of those interested in the dif- fusion of European knowledge amongst the numerous po- pulation of the empires of China and Japan and their de- pendencies, to the philological labours of the reverend W. H. Medhurst, who has succeeded, through many difficulties, which very few are able properly to appreciate, in publish- ing, An English and Japanese, and Japanese and En- glish vocabulary; and a Translation of a Comparative Vocabulary of the Chinese, Corean, and Japanese Lan- guages, with a Translation of the Thousand Character Classic in Chinese and Corean; &c. Through the unwearie I labours of this indefatigable Christian missionary the dili- gent student may now possess books which, thirty years ago, might have been considered amongst the all but unattainable desiderata; and, by pursuing the path now made easy to him, be an instrument in the mutual exchange of ideas between the eastern and western worlds. PROVINCIAL CITY. Hoppo's reply to the Parsee Merchants. Pang, by imperial appointment, comptroller-general of customs at the port of Canton, raised ten steps, again pro- moted one step, and enrolled ten times, proclaims for the full information of all the hong merchants. The Indian foreign merchant Fa-lin-che Pe-shin-che (Framjee Pestonjee) and the others have transmitted a duly prepared foreign petition, which, being translated, states they have come by water a long distance from their native place to Canton to trade, and that they find the Canton silk of the celestial empire is of five different qualities. The price of the 1st quality is about $400 of the second and third $300, of the fourth $170, and of the fifth, of time. - which is also called Skin-silk, several tens of dollars per pecul: and that there is a very great difference between the best and worse kinds. They now supplicate His Excel- lency (the hoppo) to show extraordinary kindness and com- passion to them, the foreigners who have come by water a long distance from their homes, and beg that a distinction may be made in the duties received on the highest and lowest qualities, and then each of the said foreigners will be wholly loaded with no small favour. If the first kind of Canton silk with the fourth!and fifth kinds of skin-silk are equally duty-rated, it will be altoge- ther very difficult to carry on trade. Henceforth, nobody will buy silk to take back to their country, or only bad men remaining outside (the port), and actuated by selfish and disgraceful motives, will deal in it clandestinely; thus the heavy duties will injure the revenue. As to the Canton Cassia, the price is about $4} per pecul and the duties S6}; this article also no man will venture to purchase to return with to his country, therefore H. E. is also requested to decide from his office that an extra-reduction of the duties be made. Further, the Camlets now imported are very low in price, because the duties on each piece is excessive. Therefore they cannot be brought for sale to the celestial empire; and for the ships belonging to the said foreigners that come to Canton to trade there are no goods that can be exported. - In shipping the Canton silk they supplicate H. E. that it may be considered the same as other cargo; and that the quantity laden on board each ship for exportation be unrestricted, and the duties on ships leaving (the port) be lessened—and all the foreigners will be completely favored and excited to gratitude.—Such are the circums- tances. This coming before me, the hoppo, I have examined it; besides issuing my reply, I have examined and find that although the price of the skin-silk is rather low, heretofore the duties have been fixed and followed for a length Now it is proved that the said foreign mer- chants petition, stating that the skin silk's price per picul is only several tens of dollars, and that the difference in quality is very great; and they importunately beg for favour, that the best and worse be distinguished in the payment of the duties. This coming before me, the hoppo, I have consi- dered that the said foreigners have come over a wide sea merely for the small profit of a fly’s head,and reverently look- ing up, I realize the compassionate kindness and universal favour of the great emperor, and I order, as an exercise of favour, to examine clearly, and if it is really skin silk, then it is to be rated the same as the fifth sort of Canton raw silk as to the duties; beyond this, extortions are not permit- ted. As to the Canton Cassia, Camlets &c. the duties cannot be changed according as the current prices may rise or fall. Therefore, still the laws must be respectfully obeyed, and the duties paid, and frivolous and vexatious supplications are not permitted. To favour the foreign trade and mani- fest compassion, I order all the hongmerchants to circulate this proclamation to the said Framjee Pestonjee and the others, that they may know and act in obedience there to. When this proclamation reaches the hong merchants let them respactfully obey and manage according to my reply therein contained, and immediately circulate the orders to the said foreigners, that they may be made acquainted with them. Do not oppose. Aspecial Edict. Taoukwang, 25th year, 6th moon, 26th day, (21st July.) 1 18 - THE CANTON REGISTER. Peking Gazette. 4th moon, I0th day. (May 16th.) Chow-che-ke, the fooyuen of Keang-se, kneeling reports concerning an already-cashiered-Che-heen, who absented himself when accused; and requests the imperial commands be sent down to the foo-yuen of Che-keang to make a strict examination of the original registers of the foo and heen districts; to seach out, and explain clearly. I look up, and pray that the emperor will consider the affair. The case is this. Loo-yaou-tsoo, a Keen-sang (one who has purchased the privilege of wearing a golden button) of Nan-ſung- heen, has been cheated of his money and concubine by Hwang-seun the cashiered heen of Pang-tsih, &c. I now proceed to state the accusation, and then the circumstances of a consecutive accusation. - I before deputed a Yen-fa-taou (an officer in the sat department), to bring up the parties to trial. Now, it ap- pears from the investigation of the two Sze officers (judge and treasurer), that the said cashiered officer, formerly bor- rowed of the said Keen-sang, three thousand strings of cop- per money and two hundred taels of silver, of which he has repaid one thousand strings. He further engaged Loo- yaou-tsoo to purchase a slave girl. On the other hand, Loo-yaou-tsoo states, that in the seventh year of Taou- kwang he borrowed, by note, eight thousand five hundred and odd taels of sycee silver, and had repaid three thousand taels, but that the rest of the money had not been returned. Moreover, that, depending upon his power and influence, he had violently abducted his concubine. and that the note (or bond) had been surreptitiously taken away; this is what he says. Iordered Hwang Seun to the examined, but he is gone nobody knows where. I have considered that if Hwang-seun has not either swindled money and abducted a concubine, how could the accusation of Loo-yaow-tsoo be causelessly originated? Now, it is authenticated that Lew-woo, Huang-seun's porter, says that money to purchase a slave girl was borrowed; therefore, the accusation is not groundless. Now, Hwang-seun having absconded and not being in court, it is difficult to avouch that he is not alarm- ed, and afraid to coufront (his accuser). These are the circumstances. It is proper that I request the imperial will to order the Che-keang fooyuen to examine strictly the registers of the foo and heen districts, and immediately ‘seekout Hwang-seun and send him in custody to Keang- se, to confront his accuser, and that his crime may be inves- tigated and punished. And thus I hope the falling water will discover the stone. On this account I have made my report. THE COMPANY'S DESPATCHES AS The Y A Re CALleid. All communications addressed to the Court of whatever nature and whether from abroad or from parties in the United Kingdom, are received by the Secretary and laid by the Chairman before the first Court that meets after their receipt: despatches of importance are generally read to the Court, at length: the despatches, when laid hefore the court, are con- sidered as under reference to the Committee of Correspondence, and the officers whose duty it is to prepare answers, take the directions of the chairs upon points connected with them: upon the examination of all the documents to which the subject has reference, the draft of an answer is framed and sub- mitted to the Chairs: experience has suggested the convenience of submitting this draft to the President of the India Board in the shape of a “previous com: munication:” in this stage, alterations are made by the President, without the formality of assigning reasons for them: the previous communication being returned to the Chairman, is laid by him before the Committee of Correspon. dence, either with or without the alterations made by the President, or with a modification of them, as he may see fit, to be revised by the Committee, and it is afterwards laid before the Court for approval or alteration: when it has passed the court it goes to the board, who are empowered to make any altera. tions, but are required to return it within a limited time, and with reasons assigned for the alterations made: against the formal alterations made by the Board, the Court may make a representation to the Board, who have not un- frequently modified the alterations on such representation; but, if the Bºard decline to do so, they state the same to the Court, and desire that the Draft may be framed into a Despatch, and sent out to India, agreeably to the terms of the Act of Parliament: in the event of a refusal, the Court may be com- pelled by Mandamus to comply with the order of the Board; but if the Court doubts the competency of the Board, they may appeol to the King in Council, who decides, whether the Board is acting within its power. A Despatch from India, from its arrival until a final reply is sent to it, is often deiayed for a long period of time; but the period of delay cannot he averaged. in- portant Despatches frequently have replies prepared instanter. It has oc- curred that letters which have been sent from England to India, upon im- portant subjects, have not been answered for years, from India, in conse- quence of the intervention of wars, and various other occurrences, which have rendered it impossible for the authorities there to take up the subject. Sometimes, within ten days of the receipt of a Despatch from India, the Court has prepared an answer, and sent it up to the Board; but, on the other hand, sometimes, a Despatch on matters controverted by the Court and the Board, has remained a very considerable time before any thing final has been done upon it: occasionally, the Board has kept a Despatch already prepared for India, above two months. Despatches sent up from the Court of Directors to the India Board, are sometimes not only materially altered, but completely changed in their ten- dency; yet in the event of the Board persevering in their opinion of the fitness of such alterations, the Court are bound to send out the despatches so altered to their Governors in India, however, unpalatable it may be to themselves: in fact, the Board dictates to the Court. The power of the Court, is, in truth contined to the mere suggestion of the Despatches, that they wish to be sent to India; and in fact, the Board are by law made exclusively responsible for all orders and instructions given upon all matters relating to war, peace, or negociations of treaties, through the Secret Committe of the Court of Direct- ors, which acts only ministerially; their signature to the Secret Despatches are necessary to ensure obedience to the orders conveyed by them to the company's servants, with whom the board have no direct correspondence. The Board's Secret Tesnatches go down to the India House, with orders for their being immediately forwarded to India, under the signature of the Secret Committee, nor can the Secret Committee make any representation against this order, for the powers of the Board are completely paramount to those of the Company: in point of fact, the Secret Despatches are the Despatch- es of the King's Government; they are signed by the Secret Committee as a matter of course, and despatched without any question, the responsibility being absolutely and lawfully in the Board. The Secret Committee has not the power of delaying it a single day: it would be at their peril to do so, if owing to any unnecessary delay, on their part, the good of the public service were to be injuriously affected. Upon some occasions, something in the form of a remonstrance may have been made by the Secret Committee, but, these are cases of extreme rarity of which not more than two or three have occurred in the course of many years. However, when these Secret despatches from England arrive in India, they have not any different character from the Public Despatches, and mem- bers of the House of Commons have received from India copies of the Secret Despatches from England, while the Court of Directors were ignorant of the subjects treated in them, which were matters of high political importance, but not connected with matters of urgent policy, or pending nogociation. In order to expedite the business, Parliament might ſix a certain time, within which answers should be prepared to all despatches from India; and a state- ment of all despatches received and replied to might periodically be reported to Parliament; another point possibly might be, the preparation of despatches in the Court of Directors, by subdividing, as they have sometimes done, their Committees for that purpose, the Chair, of course, always having cognizance of every thing going forward.-(Alexander's E. I. Mag. February, 1835.) Rumour states that before long we may anticipate the birth of another newspaper at Canton. It won!d appear the Editor, press, types and other concomitants were all on board the "Rithy, Warden, from Calcutta, which vessel left this for China a day or two ago. We have not ascertained what its appellation is to be, although we understand the paper is to be established under the auspices of some mercantile gentlemen in China in opposition it is stated to the Canton Register, supposed to be under another section of the Mercantile body. We observe also the appearance of another newspaper at Madras call- cd the Standard, conducted by the former Edictor of the Madras Times.— We have received the first number which contains a long detail of the manner in which the labours of the Editor had been hampered and imped- ed by the proprietors.-(Singapore Chronicle.—July 11.) Import ANT FRoºt Washingtox. —Congress.-The mail from Washing- ton did not arrive yesterday till night. The proceedings in Congress, as that body approached so near to its dissolution, are of the most gratify- ing character and will be read with deep interest. On the question of our relations with France, it will be seen that the House of Representatives has unanimously adopted the following resolution. Resolved UNAN Movsiſy, That in the opinion of this House, the Treaty with France, of the Fourth of July, 1-31, should be maintained, and its execution insisted upon. This resolution is in accordance with the feelings of ninety nine of every hundred inhabitants in the United States; and is virtually saying to France—“We are prepared to make you pay us the amount due our citizens “at any and every hazard—all negotiation on this subject is at an end, and “it is for you to determine whether our relations shall continue to be of “a pacific, or whether they shall assume a belligerent character.” As Americans we take pride in announcing to our fellow citizens this just and dignified, yet decided and unanimous determination of the repre- sentatives of fifteen millions of freemen? To have adopted any medium course would have covered our country with disgrace, while this very obvious language of Congress, will not only admonish the nations of Europe that the United States are prompt to insist upon their rights and protect their national honor, but it will teach France to beware how she tampers with the faith of Treaties. It war should be the consequence of thus ex- torting justice from France, there will not be found in our country a solitary citizen, who will dare to question its justice, or oppose its being energetically carried on.—Morning Courier and New-York Enquirer. March, 6. VOTES UPON THE FRENCII QUESTION IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. The House of Representatives sat, on Monday night (March 2d) till midnight, having commenced its sitting at 10 o'clock in the morning. The whole time was occupied in arduous debate on the question of our THE CANTON REGISTER. Foreign Relations, in which a number of members engaged, we have only time and means, at this moment, to make the following statement of the results of the whole proceedings. The following gentlemen (after Mr. Robertson, who was the last Speaker reported in our last,)took part in the Debate and Proceedings that evening: Mr. Binney, Mr. Gorham, Mr. Mason, of Virg. Mr. Watmough, Mr. Beardsley, Mr. Briggs, Mr. Wise, Mr. Cambreleng, Mr. Adams, of Mass. Mr. Chilton, Mr. Hardin, Mr. Archer, Mr. Hawes, Mr. Jones. The first question taken was upon a motion made by Mr. Cambreleng to discharge the Committee of the whole on the state of the Union from the further consideration of the whole subject, in order to bring it direct- ly under the action of the House; on which the yeas were 101, nays 92. The subject being thus before the House, the question recurred on the following resolutions, moved on the 27th February by Mr. J. Q. Adams, Wiz: - - 1. Resolved, That the rights of the citizens of the United States to indemnity from the government of France, stipulated by the treaty, con- cluded at Paris, on the 4th of July, 1-31, ought, in no event to be sacrific- ed, abandoned, or impaired, by any consent or acquiescence of the Govern- ment of the United States. - 2. Resolved, That, if it be, in the opinion of the President of the United States, compatible with the honor and interest of the United States, during the interval until the next session of Congress, to resume the negotiation between the United States and France, he be requested so to do. 3. Resolved, That no legislative measure of a hostile character or ten- dency towards the French nation, is necessary or expedient at this time. Mr. Archer moved to amend these Resolutions by striking out the whole of the Resolutions, after the word “Resolved,” and inserting in lieu thereof the following: “That in the just expectation that the Government of France will “have made, or will make, provision for carrying into full effect the Treaty “with that Government of the 4th of July, 1831, stipulating indemnity for “claims of our citizens, which this nation is bound to require; therefore “this House deems it inexpedient to adopt any measure in relation to that “subject.” Mr. Watmough, at this stage of the proceedings, moved to lay the whole subject on the table; which motion was negatived, by yeas and hays Yeas 48, nays I67. The question was then taken on agreeing to the amendment moved by Mr. Archer (as above) and decided by the following vote: YEAS.–71. NAYS.–143. So Mr. Archer's amendment was negatived. Mr. Adams them modified his first resolution so as to road as follows: “Resolved, That, in the opinion of this house the Treaty with France “of the 4th of July, 1831, should be maintained, and its execution insisted “u ." Mr. Jones, of Georgia moved to amend the resolution of Mr. Adams, as thus modified, by substituting therefor the following: “Resolved, That when a solemn treaty, acknowledging the rights of “our citizens, entered into under the usual formalities, and with a nation “professing to be governed by that code which prescribes the obligation of “such instruments, we have every right to expect the same will be “observed in good faith; and that, as this house is officially informed the law “for exccuting said treaty is now under consideration in the French “Legislature, it is inexpedient, for the present, to legislate on the subject.” The question upon this amendment was decided in the negative. Mr. Robinson then moved to amend the resolution of Mr. Adams, by substituting therefor the following:— “Resolved, That there is satisfactory evidence that the French govern- “ment desires that the appropriation for indemnity shall be made in pursu- “ance of the treaty of July 4, 1831, and reason to hope that the Chamber of “of Deputies will adopt that measure, and faithfully discharge the obliga- “tions of France to the United States.” The question upon this amendment was also decided in the negative. The question was then taken on agreeing to the first resolution of Mr. Adams, modified as above, and decided by Yeas and Nays. Yeas, Two Hundred and Ten: Nays, None. So it was Resolved Unanimously, That in the opinion of this house, the treaty with France, of the Fourth of July, 1831, should be maintained, and its ex- ecution insisted upon. The annunciation of this vote from the Chair was received with a loud and spontaneous burst of applause, which broke at once from the galleries, and was re-echoed from the floor, making the walls and dome of the cham- ber to resound with joy while mutual congratulations passed in all direct- Iºns. Mr. Adams then withdrew his other two Resolutions, (as above inserted.) The question was then taken on the 2d Resolution reported by the committee on foreign relations, (the first having been merged in Mr. Adams's, just agreed to) which 2d Resolution is as follows: “Resolved, That the committee on foreign affairs be discharged from “the further consideration of the President's message as relates to com- “mercial restrictions, or to reprisals on the commerce of France.” And the Resolution was agreed to by a unanimous vote. The 3d Resolution reportod by the committee on foreign relations is in the following words: “Resolved, That contingent preparation ought to be made to meet any “emergency growing out of our relations with Fraece.” This resolution was ordered to lie on the table. And so the proceedings ended.—Ibid. Commerce and Navigation of the U. S.–The statements of the Register of the Treasury in relation to the commerce and navigation of the U. States, 110 for the year ending 30th September, 1834, were laid before congress on the last day of the session, and have not yet been published. We however learn from our correspondent that the Imports during that year amounted to $126, 521,332, of which there was imported in American vessels $113,700,174, and in foreign vessels $12,821,158. The Exports, during the same year, amount- ed to $101,346,973, of which $81,034,162 were of domestic, and $23,312,811 of foreign articles. Of the domestic articles, Sp. Drs. 61,256,119 were imported in American vessels, and, Sp. Drs. 19,718,013 in Foreign vessels. . Of American shipping 1,074,670 tons entered, and 1,134,320 cleared dur- ing the same year, ending 30th September 1834. Of foreign shipping 568, 052 tons entered, and 577,700 cleared. The registered tonnage for the year ending 31st December, 1833, is stated at - 750,026 Enrolled and licensed tonnage at 825,195 Fishing vessels at 30,927 Total 1,606,148 Of the registered tonnage, there were employed in the Whale Fishery, 101,158 The total tonnage of shipping built in the United States, during the year 1833, was Registered - 72,979 Enrolled 88,647 - - 161,626. The amount of Specie imported during the year ending 30th September, 1831 was as follows:– in Gold 4,472,507 In Silver I3,631,043 - $17,103,550 The amount of Bullion imported during the same year, was as follows:– In Gold 293,665 In Silver 514,417 Comparing these statements with those of former years it will be found that in almost every particular they show an extent of commerce never before equalled in this country. The value of imports during the year ending 30th September 1833, was Sp. Drs. 108,118,311; being more, by about five mil- lions, than in any previous year since the period immediately subsequent to the War. During the year ending 30th September 1831, however there was a still further increase of 18,402,021, or a to tal, as stated above, of Sp. Drs. 126,521,332. The value of exports during the past year is Sp. Drs. i4,206, 340 greater that during the year ending 30th Septamber 1833, and greater than erer before except in 1807, when it was Sp. Drs. 108,343,546. The domestic exports during the past pear were Sp. Drs. 10,716,464 greater than in the previous year and Sp. Drs. 7,179,225 greater than in any former year. The aggregate tonage entered during the past year is 34,576 tons more than in the former year, while the American part of it is 36,771 less. There is however an increase in the American tonnage registered, enrolled and licensed, including lishing vessels, of 105,699 tons.—N. Y. Jour. Con.. EUROPEAN EXTRACTS. MR, HUMr.—There is no public man who is so much hated by the whole host of Corruptionists as Mr. Hume. The cause of this it suffici- ently obvious: From his first entrance on public life to the present hour, Mr. Hume has devoted himself, heart and soul, to the exposure of abuses in Church and State, suffering himself neither to be deterred by fear nor influenced by favor, but advancing in a straight-forward course. The merits of Mr. Hume can with difficulty be appreciated in the present day! The cause of Reform is now triumphant, and the people have a direct influence on the House of Commons. But at the period when Mr. Hume first commenced his career, the popular party in the house, as distinguish- ed from the two sectious of the Aristocracy, the Ins and the Outs, amount- ed only to between twenty and thirty individuals. Opposition to the Ministry of the day was conducted according to a system which bore some resemblance to that of the Condotteri in Italy, as described by Machiavel. The Condottieri spared each other as much as possible; and the historian tells us, that in a battle which lasted from morning to night, the only person killed was a horseman who, losing his seat in passing a bridge, was trodden to death. Mr. Hume made war in good earnest. He had peculiar advantages for the task on which he entered. Sprung from the people, he was restrained by none of those considerations of relationship or con- nexion which so often deter men of excellent understanding in the higher ranks from pressing with severity on their political opponents. Simple in his habits, he was contented with the moderate independence he pos- sessed; and in the prime of life, and in the possession of unusual strengh, and vigour, he devoted the persevering energy for which Scotchmen are thought to be distinguished, and which the ordinary run of men would have employed in the acquisition of wealth, to the gratuitrus servece of the public. The House of Commons was generally filled by politicians by profession—by indolent country gentlemen—by lawyers who made their Parliamentary duty a secondary object—by rich merchants and bankers, either engaged in business, or, if retired from it, too old generally to toil day after day for the mere exposure of abuses. Some of these merchants and bankers were, no doubt, like Mr. Hume, the architects of their own fortunes; but it is a trite remark that no men are so anxious to be thought well of by the higher classes as those whose title to be received among them is questionable. From these and various causes, Mr. Hume entered on a course in the House of Commons which had never been tried before. He took the machinery of our Oligarchical system to pieces, and exhibited it in all its hideous detail to the eyes of the public. No coldness, or discouragement could damp his perseverence; and we have seen him, in a House of fifteen or twenty Members, toiling on in the exposure of some complicated abuse, cheered only by the consciousness that though the two parties in the House abandon him; the public would, though the report in the newspapers, reap the benefit of his labours. The English are a T II E ©4\!!NON tººl S}{N}\lºo “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” vol. 8. TUESDAY, August 4th, 1835. CHARLES GRANT. NO. 31.3 sºfts : NOTICE. HE undersigned beg to intimate having moved their establishment to No. 4 Dutch Hong. Canton, August 3rd, 1835. DIROM & CO. (Advertisements, see Price Current.) * (To CORRESPONDENTS.) WE offer our best thanks to Delta, but we decline publishingh is letter. ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N T O N. Arrived the American ships SPLEN DID, Rodgers, from London, ARG Y Le, Codman, from Baltimore, HURON, Winsor, from New York, and LADY NUG ENT, Fawcett, from Samarang. The Portuguese bark ANNA, Augeir, from Demaun, and British ship Good SUccess, Durant, and Sch. BoM- BAY, White, from Bombay. The FAlco N, -, from Liverpool and Singapore. PROVINCIAL CITY. The governor and fooyuen have together issued an edict forbidding the building of houses and shops on the banks of the river. The several fires that have occurred of late years in Canton are enumerated, beginning with one in the 24th year of Keaking (1819). All the fires occasioned ac- cumulations of rubbish, which narrowed the channel of the river; on these ſoundations the people have erected various kinds of edifices, digging out and using the mud for build- ing. They are now forbidding to do this under severe punishment; or to form heaps of rubbish any where about the lanes &c. of the city. Lew, the Nan-hae-heen, has issued an edict, direct- ing the people to assist the military and police in extirpat- ing a numerous flight of locusts which settled outside the south gate of the city, and spread to the northward and eastward. It is reported that upwards of two peculs of locusts have been caught, and presented to the Kwang-chowfoo; for which rewards are to be granted. The local officers are bestirring themselves in the matter of Han-keens-or traitors. We have been informed that Howqua himself has, within a few days, made a kind of domiciliary visit to a foreign resident, gentleman on the subject; and stated that warrants have been issued by the government for the apprehension of four men—who are named in the warrant—who formerly assisted Mr. Ke-ting f in printing books. The police runners are ordered to be strict in their search after unknown native traitors; and some have proceeded to Macao to seize the four men allud- ed to above, who, it is said, are there now resident. We publish from the Cal. Courier, the address of the inhabitants of Calcutta to Sir C. Metcalfe, on the proposed regulation respecting the Press in India. SHIP TROUGHTON. The rumour is that the Kwang-chow-foo has examined the thieves who plundered the Troughton and wounded her crew. They say in their defence, that the ship had been dismasted in a gale of wind, and was in the most eminent + Probably a mistake of Howqnas. danger. Therefore they first went to her assistance, which the captain permitted, and promised them a gratuity of $20,000. After she had been brought into a place of safety, the captain broke his word, and dismissed them. This made them all angry, but they only took $20000, which was their hire-money, beyond which they did not take anything. “We are not” said they “a gang of robbers; if we were robbers, we should have plundered the ship of all the money and goods that were on board.” &c. - Letters from our outside naval correspondents narrate the rescue of ten Cochin-Chinese from a very perilous situation in the open sea, and a trial of sailing between the farfamed go-alongs, Water Witch and Fairy. In another column will be found the petition of the, Parsee merchants, on the subjects of Raw Silk and Cassia, to the hoppo, whose reply was published in our last numbel. The hoppo, in his reply, has been restrained by the rules of office and official forms, from fully and publicly acced- ing to the prayer of the petition; for it is not in his power to alter the imperial duties: all matters that touch the im- perial reveuues must first be referred to Peking, for the consideration of the proper board, and the determination of H. I. M. But we have been informed from the best authority that a very considerable relaxation has been prac- tically granted by H. E. in the eraction of his own fees or dues that used to the levied on Raw Silk and Cassia; and that the 5th sort of Raw Silk has been shipped by permis- sion and in unlimited quantities at a reduction of Taels 6 per pecul; and the export charges on Cassia have been reduced $24 per pecul. The Parsees have thus obtained considernble relief for the foreign trade by their petition to the hoppo. The news received by the American ship Splendid is im- portant. But we have not met with any the slighest notice of China affairs in the London papers of the last ten days of march, which have reached us. Teas were falling rapidly in price from numerous arrivals. The ministry—or rather Sir Robert Peel, for the whole brunt of the battle is borne by him, he is the centre and flag ship of the line, engaged on both sides and firing fore- and-aft from every deck—are struggling determinately to hold—what we believe they consider—their own places,and the opposition, with equal obstinacy, are struggling to un- seat them. The result must be beneficial to the country; that is, the government of England can never again be what it has been, namely, the patrimony of a party-nay, almost of a few families. The ministers have been defeated on several divisions; and on Mr. Tooke's motion for an address to H. M. to grant a charter of incorporation to the university of London, the majority against them was Ilo. The question that was to try the strength of both parties— the round when the flooring hit would be given—was lord John Russell's motion on the application of the surplus revenues of the Irish church, which came on on monday the 30th of march. It was adjourned, after two nights debate, to the 1st of April, the date of our latest paper. The only papers we have seen, dated after the commencement of the debate, are the Times and Morning Post, which are both ministerial. We argue the weakness of the ministry and the faiture of their cause and principles from the very par-. 1 22 THE CANTON REGISTER. tial editorial remarks of the Times on the speeches of the ministry and opposition. Those of the former are said to be “to the purpose, full of force, eloquent, well-judged, ap- “propriate, deserving of attentive perusal,"&c. &c. &c. whilst those of the opposition are styled “rambling, tiresome, pecu- liar, “less-that-is-said-of-them-the-better,” &c. &c. &c. It is very evident the Times has sold itself to the party in power, and is now fallen from its palmy state of being the “lead- ing journal.” Such partial remarks oblige us to receive the reports of the speeches, given in the Times, with very considerable doubt. That paper, however, blusters, and confidently predicts the defeat of the oppositiou on lord J. Russell's motion. The following is copied from the Times of the 1st of April. In the mean time it is, we believe, well ascertained, that whatever be the result of this division, ministers will know their duty better than to be tricked by it into a resignation, unnecessary in itself and disastrous to the country. They must have anticipated this very question when they accepted office, and so have been prepared for its consequences. It will disgust the whole intelligence and high principle of the nation if on such a ground they resign. #. eminent display of statesmanlike and deliberative talent which the house of commons and the country have witnessed in Sir Robert PEEL ever since his accession to the government, has already produced an action throughout the whole kingdom in his favour, which, with one exception, was never excited at any former period within an equal number of weeks by any minister of the last century. The opposition are but playthings within the grasp of this skilful and powerful leader. A parallel may possibly be found for the situation of the prime minister, as well as for his parliamentary ability, in those of Mr. Pitt, during the early stage of his administration in 1784, when the majority of the house was formed by a factious coalition of parties who abhorred each other. We beg our readers to bear in mind these cir- cumstances, and then, mutatis mutandis, we think they will find ample matter for serious and most useful meditation in the following extract from a speech delivered by Mr. DuNDAs, in answer to Mr. Fox, January 16, 1784:— “His Majesty's present ministers have, I assert,been constitutionally chosen by him, who has the sole right to choose them; and by this resolution they are, by this house, instantly turned out. Sir, is it therefore for their incapa- city and insufficiency that yon overthrow them? (Hear, hear.) Then, Sir, I insist that their incapacity and insufficiency shall be named in the motion, as the ground upon which you at once deny them your confidence. Let this house judge and know upon what ground they give their vote. Let me tell you, Sir, our constituents will ask to know—the people of England must and will know—why ministers named by his Majesty are instantly turned out by the house of commons; turned out, I say before they are tried, and condemned before they are accused. “Sir, if this resolution means any thing, it is in the nature and spirit of an address, requesting the King to appoint a new set of ministers. I am forced, to view it in this light, since it is, in effect, pointed at his Majesty, and must probably be followed up by an address, in the same tenour and to the same purport. . “I beg, therefore, the house will go with me in considering how the Royal mind will feel, and must feel, and what sort of language his Majesty must hold to himself, upon such an address:—‘You send me back the ministers I have just chosen; have I not, then, the right to choose my ministers?’ ‘Certainly yes,' you say. “But what crimes have they commit. ted?—what is it they have so soon perpetrated? Certainly not one act of their administration is yet passed. Are they therefore, without the confidence of the house of commons? Are they men so unpopular, so incapable, so insufficient, that you will not bear with them, even for a moment? Is the minister who devotes himself to the house of commons particularly, so unpo- pular and so incapable? I had chosen him; I had singled him out as a man, of talents the most incorrupt, of a reputation the most extraordinary. I had fondly imagined him the favourite of the house of commons; I had been taught to fancy, that in celebrating his name, all my people joined in one anthem of praise. Is it for this, therefore, that the house of commons thus instantly condemn him? Is it on account of his fair fame and unexampled reputation that I am desired to withdraw my confidence from such a person as this? It follows, no doubt, therefore, that you wish me to substitute characters as opposite as possible to this. You wish me then to name some man or men in whom I can place no confidence; some man or men whom my people ex- ecrate, and in whom I myself, in perfect union with my people, cannot con- fide. If such men are to be my only choice, if unpopularity, hatred and distrust, are to be the qualifications and the great characteristics that form a minister in these days, it would be matter of the sincerest joy to me, if the house of commons would permit me to wave my choice. Let the house of commons name their minister; let them search out persons suited to their purposes, only let me not be forced to play the farce of naming to them men whom they have singled out, whom my conscience condemns on public grounds, and whom my people tell me they do not approve.’ “Such would be the natural answer of a King, allowing him to be a man of feeling, and a man of houour, like ourselves, on such an unheard of address as this; just this must naturally be his private sentiments and soliloquy on the occasion. Therefore, I would beseech the house at once to name the men in whom alone they are determined to confide. Already we know their names. Let us bring in a bill naming the right hon. gentleman and the noble lord exclusive ministers of this country for a term of years; for that is precisely the spirit and ineaning—that, Sir, is the plain English of this resolution; except, indeed, that by the present motion, the house of lords is exempted from any share in the nomination; whereas, if it was a bill, it would not be the house of commons alone that would name the Ministers of this country. “Sir, we have been told by the right hon. gentleman, that this is a great constitional question, and not a question who shall be minister. I meet the house on that ground, and I beg leave to request no more favour than this— viz, that every man who thinks with the right hon. gentleman, that this is not a question who shall be minister, will vote with him, and I am content that all the rest should vote with me. Nay, Sir, if there is any man in this house who in his conscience does not think that this resolution serves to name the right hon. gentleman, and his colleagues the ministers, and the only ministers of this country, I am content that all such persons, to a man, should vote against me. I feel on this ground very sure of finding myself to-night in a most respectable majority indeed. , Sir, I have no personal objection or dislike to the noble lord, or the right hon. gentleman; it is upon clear constitutional grounds that I resist this vote; and I call upon the independent part of the house to stand forth and maintain the character, the moderation, for thus I will venture to say they will most effectually maintain the true consequence of this British house of commons. Let the hºuse, look well to its conduct this night; for this night it is about to decide what is the con- stitution of this country. The assumption of power and privileges which did not belong to it has once proved the overthrow of this constitution; we are verging towards the same precipice again; we are claiming to ourselves the right of appointing ministers; we are disclaiming the nomination of his Majesty, without cause and without trial.”—Times, April 1. We intended to make some remarks on the arguments of tha Times newspaper and on Mr. Dundas' quoted speech. But the intelligence which has just reached us, per Good Success, renders all comment superfluous. It is clear the Times are changed; and that the Times of Print- ing-house square is not now the Times of London or of England: which was once its nom de guerre, and of honor, and of consistency, for it was always constant in following its leader, Public Opinion. That paper, therefore, should change its name—and being now merely a laudator temporis acti, instead of a waiter on coming events and a keen observer of their shadows, it may be called appropriately enough, the Times done for, or the Dowager. We have heard that private letters afford the informa- tion that ministers were in a minority of 35 in the division on lord J. Russel's motion; and this must be considered e very considerable majority, when it is recollected that on that division they counted lord Stanley, Sir James Graham, and their adherents; it is also said that the duke of Wel- lington had resigned, and that the house of commons had petitioned the king to dismiss Sir Robert Peel. We confess that we do not perfectly understand the last report. Such a proceeding would seem to reflect unnecessarily and too strongly both on H. M. and Sir R. Peel; and would, also, be elevating Sir R. Peel on a pedestal much too glorious and lofty; for can the power of a whole people, expressed through their lever, the house of commons, be required to topple him down!—No! he will, doubtless, descend so carefully that all his bones from head to heel will remain unbroken. Sir R. Peel would not again dare to dissolve the parliament; particularly when the age of H. M. is remembered; why not, then, permit him to lay his budget before the house, and aſter- wards refuse the supplies to him. We think that neither the duke of Wellington nor Sir R. Peel, nor any other man or set of men, will, nowadays, again try the experiment of governing Great Britain without a parlia- ment; although the dismissal of lord Melbourne's adminis- tration during the prorogation, and the appoint ments of the duke of Wellington to be the ministry, both of and not of the cabinet, did savour a little of the vigour of Hy. VIII. as well as of the tergiversation of Chas. Ist. and the proſligacy of Chas. Ilnd. However, let the house proceed as it may, the history of England does not show such utter and dis- graceful discomfiture as that of the Tories of IS35, when they endeavoured to preserve their ranks by adopting the tactics of their enemies, and to gain the victory by using the weapons of reform; but they have exhibited more than Sybarite weakness; and have sunk sunk down, crushed by the weight of the panoply of freedom, with which they had rashly covered themselves. He who of old would rend the oak, Dream’d not of the rebound; The deserter from his own colours should never be made the standard bearer of another party. Although a drunkard may have forsworn wine, he should not be intrusted with the key of the cellar. We have heard that H. M. had sent for lord Grey. Portugal.—We have received by express from Falmouth, Portuguese journals and letters from our correspondent at Lisbon to the 23d ult. Owing to the hour at which they arrived, and the pressure of other important mat- * THE CANTON REGISTER, ter, we can only state the substance of the intelligence. The Lisbon journals are filled with the details of the long debate on the address in answer to the Queen's speech, of which we have already stated the result. Among the more important of the subsequent proceedings of the chamber of deputies, are the introduction of a bill for regulating the administration of justice; the report of the committee on the law of mortgages, by which it is proposed to establish a mortgage register in each provincial capital; and the report of the committee on the indemnity law. The bill on the administration of justice was read a first time with unanimous approbation, but the two last reports have given rise to much discussion, both within and without the chamber. The details of the indemnity bill appear to be much objected to. There is an article unfavourable to it in the Diario do Gobierno, from which it may be presumed that in its present shape it has not the approbation of the ministers. it is expected that it will undergo considerable modifications. The chamber of deputies has appointed three members, viz, Senhores Castello BRANco, MIRANdA, and FonsecA Magalhaes, to wait on the Queen, and present the address, praying for the exclusion of Miguelites from all public employments. The chambers are to close on the 20th of the present month.-Ibid. France.—The Paris papers of monday, which we have received by ex- press, abound as might have been expected, in remarks relative to the report on the American claims, brought into the chamber of deputies on saturday by the chairman of the committee. We are still unable, from want of room and the pressure of matters claiming more immediate attention, to give the report, which enters inton a variety of particulars regarding the origin and nature of the claims, and the history of the negotiations which finally led to the con- vention of 1831, now appealed to by the government of the United States. We shall avail ourselves of the first spare moment to give at least a sketch of the most material incidents referred to in the report in question. In the mean time, we perceive with satisfaction that it is the prevalent opinion in Paris that the chamber of deputies will adopt the conclusions of the report, and vote in favour of the grant of 25,000,000f., whereby this long-pending and harassing question may be set at rest, and the preservation of peace be maintained between France and the United States. Spain.—Madrid papers of the 21st ult., and accounts from the frontiers of the 25th, have also reached us by the same express. Don J. SANtos de LA HERA has been appointed General-in-Chief of the army of reserve, about to be formed in old Castile. General MINA marched from Pampeluna on the 22d ult., with his column of reserve and that of General Ald AMA, and took the direction of Estella, where he was to form a junction with the divisions of Lopez, CARRERA, Espartero, &c. According to a letter from Pampeluna of the 22d ult, published by the Sentinelle des Pyrenées, the news of the tak- ing of Etcharri-Aranas by the carlists was confirmed. After five days' siege it capitulated. It contained a garrison of 300 men, with four field pieces and a quantity of provisions. ZUMALAcARRegui on quitting ieft there a garrison of 1,000 men—Ibid. Lord Amherst is appointed to be the commissioner to Canada, in the room of lord CANTERBURY.-Ibid. To His Excellency the Hoppo of Canton. The humble petition of the under-signed Merchants, Showeth, That on the best quality of Raw Silk, costing $400 pr. pecul, a duty of 13 Tales per pecul is levied: which they pay willingly; but on Raw silk of the 4th and 5th qualities, called “Silk Skin,” costing $175, and $75 per pecul, 13 Taels pr. pecul is also levied. of this we complain, and humbly suggest to your Excellency, that in consequence of this excessive and indiscriminating duty, the largest part of the export trade of the lower descriptions of Raw Silk is forced into the hands of smugglers; Your petitioners, therefore, humbly pray that an ad valorem duty on Raw Silk be established, both for the benefit of foreigners and for the encrease of the Imperial Duties. - - - Your petitioners further humbly pray that the 5th description of Raw Silk may be permitted to be shipped in any quantity on the same vessel, without paying double duty. - - Your petitioners also pray that the excessive duty levied on Cassia of $6; per pecul be reduced to not more than $2 per pecul. By these alterations the Imperial Revenue will be encreased and smuggling suppressed, while the hong merchants and fair trader will be protected and encouraged. And your petitioners shall ever pray. Canton 3rd July 1835. (Signed.) Framjee Pestonjee, Burjoriee Furdoonjee, Dossabhoy Rustomjee, Ruttonjee Burjoriee, Dorabjee Byramshaw. Jemsetjee Bicajee, J. S. Patuck, Rustomjee Framjee, Manackjee Jejeebhoy, Hormusjee Sapoorjee, Burjorjee Framjee, Jemsetjee Eduljee, Burjorjee Monackjee, Jamoojee Nasservanjee, H. R. Patell, Pestonjee Rustomjee, Sorabjee Rustomjee, Bomanjee Monackjee, Cursetjee Furdoonjee, Nanabhoy Framjee. Rescue of ten Cochin-Chinese. Whilst the Bark, Don Manoel, Captain Walker, was on her way from Lombock to China, on the 24th inst. at 5 P.M. (in lat. 18° 30' N. and long. 110° 50' E.) a red flag was observed display- ed on a bamboo (bearing N. by E.) towards which we steered, and under the influence of a fresh monsoon soon after raised the hull of a large Prow whose inmates had apparently left her to the mercy of the waves; and as their last resource successively waved their scanty signal of distress in order to attract our notice. We shortened sail and steered close past them, whilst a rope's end was hove on board of them, but they were so confused and busy in salaming with their hands over their faces and bending their heads even to the deck of the craft, that they lost the only oppor- tunity of catching the rope that was given them, and in an ins- tant dropped astern, when we could observe them making prepara- 123 tions for launching a skiff,ſor the purpose of conveying themselves on board of us; but as the Captain's state of health (who since the 11th inst. had laboured under the symptoms of acute ſever) admit- ted of no delay, we lowered a boat and conveyed them (ten in number) safe on board; which being done they requested to know how many dollars would be exacted for their conveyance to Macao, where they were landed on the 25th inst. They are natives of Cochin-China, and left Macao with a cargo of rice on board, when proceeding down the coast they encountered a gale on the 15th inst, which dismasted their Prow, and carried them. off the land. Don Manoel. Cumsingmoon 31st July 1835. P. H. Tomlin, - Water Witch and Fairy. Yesterday we had a trial with the “Water Witch;” the following are the particulars. The wind was about E. N. E. and consequently we had a dead beat out of the Cumsingmoon in short tacks: here we had a very great advantage indeed, and worked away to windward of her almost as fast as it: is possible to suppose one vessel could gain upon another—when clear of the “moon" we steered S. S. E.: here the “Water Witch” had the advantage, and gradually gained upon us until within about a cable's length, when we again hauled close on a wind on the larboard tack with a good top gallant breeze. --on this point we ran about twelve miles without the “Water Witch” being able to gain another inch upon us, and when near “Sam-cock” she aga.nº kept away and steered her course to sea. She now again had the advantage; X; bore up and ran back to the Cumsingmoon.—When we consider that the ‘Water Witch” has nearly twice the length of keel and is more than twice- the tonnage of the “Fairy,” the performance of the latter vessel certainly does her credit.—I always thought that going free the W. W. would have: the best of it. - Chief Officer- - FIRST TEA SALE IN IRELAND. Friday the cargo of teas imported by Samuel Bewley and Sons, direct from Canton, per the Hellas, Captain Scanlan, was sold by auction at the Commercial-buildings. The attendance of merchants and traders was very numerous, and the sale went off much more briskly than it was expected. It lasted but three hours, whereas it was thought it would have occupied two days at least to complete the sale. Mr. Henry Kyle acted as broker. The following is an account of the quantity submitted for sale:— 65 quarter chests, 100 half chests, and 120 chests of bohea; 1,465 chests . 344 boxes of congou; 100 ditto of caper congou; and 102 ditto orange pekoe. * - - The catalogues were drawn up in a similar manner to those at the East India Company's sales, and were accompanied by the “tasting sheet,” verified '. Messrs. Thomas Styans and Sons, of London. * The first lots were half and whole chests of bohea, which sold at from ls. 73d. to 1s., 83d. per lb.; the quarter chests from 1s. 83d. to 1s. 94d,3 low congous sold at from 1s, 9}d. to 1s. 103.; a break of very fine congou, from 3s to 3s. 0}d.; a fine cougou lot. from 2s. 63d. to 2s. 73d.; low caper. teas averaged 1s. 10d.; oradge pekoe from 2s.2d. to 2s. 2d. per lb.; another. lot of the same, 2s. 63d. to 2s. 7}d. The sale altogether went off greatly, to the satisfaction of the trade, and remunerative to the enterprising aud public-spirited importers.-Dublin Paper. - THE EAST INDIA AND CHINA TRADE. The following official communication was received yesterday at the East. India House, relative to the subject of continuing the East India company's. werehouses as bonded warehouses after they have passed out of the com. pany's hands. “Treasury Chambers, March, 1835. “Gentlemen—The lords commissioners of his Majesty's treasury having had under their consideration the various papers on the question of appro. priating the warehouses of the E.I. company for the purposes of the warehous- ing system, after they shall have passed into other hands, and bearing in mi ſh the fact that circumstances may arise under which the withdrawal of the licenses from all the warehouses of the E. I. company may have an effect injurious to the trade of London, and feeling it their duty for the benelt of the public to take all the steps in their power to provide against such a contingency, I am commanded to acquaint you that my lords, under all tº e circumstances of the case, consider it proper to give their sanction to the continuance of the privilege of ordinary security to some of the warehouses, of the E. I. company after they shall have passed into other hands. My lords have therefore notified to the commissioners for affairs of India that when the particclar stacks of warehouses situate in Cutler-street, Billiter- street, Fenchurch-street, and Crutched-friars, and designated in a plan, furnished by the commissioners of customs by the numbers 2, 4, 5, and 8,5hall have become the property of persons whom my lords can approve as ware- house-keepers under the revenue laws, they will consent to their being. licensed as warehouses of ordinary security for warehousing goods intº from places within the limits of the E. I. company's charter, I am &c. [Signed] “T. F. FREMANtik. “To the Chairman and deputy Chairman of the East India Company.” The Morning Post, March 12. - LATE EAST-INDIA MARITIME SERVICE. His Majesty has been graciously pleased to permit the officers of the late maritime service of the East-India Company to attend his Majesty's levees in their accustomed uniforms, and to bear the same nominal rank as heretofore. THE ADDRESS. To the Honorable Sir Charles Theophilus Metcalfe, Bart, Governor General of India. The Address of the Inhabitants of Calcutta, in Town Hall assembled. Honorable SiR,--The publication of the regulation proposed in Council, on the 27th April, entitled * at-l which it is our earnest hope will be passed as a law without material change, is the occasion of our addressing you, before you relinquish the high power, which fortunate circumstances (fortunate at least for us) have placed in your hands, and which you have so well used. 124 THE CANTON REGISTER. The nature of the British Government of India has long made it a subject of debate among Statesmen, whether the free expression in print of the thoughts of its inhabitants could be permitted to exist without destroying that Govern- ment, or perpetually endangering its stability. There have not been wanting former Governors of India who have declar- ed that apprehension was needless. The Marquis of Hastings expressed that opinion. Lord William Bentinck implied it by permitting the press to the free, with scarcely an exception, and your testimony has now been added to theirs; the experience of a whole life passed among the people of India in its most remote and warlike provinces, and its most turbulent times, renders this testimony the most valuable of all. We view this, as one among other recent proofs, that the Government of India is wisely and safely entrusted to those who are intimately acquainted with the course of its administration, and with the manners, opinions, and feelings of its people. Aware that a more timid and distrustful policy has before been approved in England, we cannot but admire the high minded decision with which you have cast the weight of your testimony into the long balanced scales of opinion. It is our hope as well as our belief, that nothing can occur after this to disappoint the public wish. We trust that you will not be called upon to resign your high office until the period shall arrive, when this proposed Regulation ought to receive the final sanction of the Governor General of India in council, and be passed into a law. Not from any doubt that this measure which you and the experienced Council which assists you, have deliberately pronounced to be safe and desi- rable, will be carried into effect by your Successor, but from an anxious desire, that he with whom the measure originated, may have the full credit which will attach to his enlightened policy. As it is not improbable that some misapprehension on another subject con- nected with this, may prevail in England, we take the opportunity afforded to us by this Address, to declare our belief that there exists in this country no political party in opposition to the Government. It would be an error, that might produce ill-will, discontent, perhaps injustice, to apply the designations of political party in England, to the differences of opinion on local subjects which exist here, though there are many who think that great and obvious deficiencies exist in the late act of the legislature of Great Britain providing for the renewal of the East India Company's Charter—deficiencies which they deem ought not to have been left to any other power to supply—yet we express it to be our deliberate conviction, that the great body of the people here are contented and more than contented with the Government, that they are attached to it, and grateful. We think it not superfluous to allude briefly to the possibility, that some difficulties may occur in framing the provisions of a law to restrain all excesses and injuries which may be committed by means of the Press. It is obvious that the subject could not be suitably discussed within the limits of an address, nor do we assume to ourselves to instruct the Government. We content our- selves with saying that, while we pray for a lawful freedom of the Press, and are thankful for it, we do not wish to liberate the Press from the just and legal responsibility which may attach to its licentiousness.t. We feel satisfied that the power of legislation is now in wise and liberal hands: we do not fear that exorbitant penalties will be imposed, or that the spirit of the proposed law will be impaired in its progress. In case future legislation should become necessary, and in particular, if temporary or local difficulties arise, which shall render it necessary to restrain the liberty of the Press, we trust that the measure of precaution will be in proportion to the danger apprehended, and that no restrictions will be made permanent, which are not now and at all tlilies necessary. In conclusion, we permit ourselves to hope that you will not receive without pleasure this public testimony of approbation and high esteem: the general character of the Goverment under your auspices is such, that this proposed law ranks only as one among many wise and liberal measures; it can need therefore no panegyric. Hitherto throughout Europe and the civiliz- ed world, a too common error has prevailed, and the Government of India has been deemed a grasping despotism, the support of which was military force alone; or if it were maintained by opinion, that opinion was simply the con- viction that its force was irresistible. It has been reserved for you by this law, which you have proposed, which we trust you will remain to complete, and which we meet here to approve, to dissipate this error, an error most injurious to the national character of Great Britain. What you have done, must prove to all men, that there is nothing in common between the Government, which now exists in this country, and those which have heretofore existed: that the maxims of all Asiatic domination are the very reverse of the rule of the British Government of India.--Supplement to the Calcutta Courier. June 10. A WINTER IN THE FAR WEst. By C. F. Hoffm AN, of New York. Camp of red Indians. A youth of nineteen sprang to his feet as I removed the dingy curtain which formed the door, and revealed a face and form that might be the model of an Apollo. Being ill at the time, he was but half dressed; the purple blanket dropping from his shoulders sett- ing off a neck and chest of the finest manly, proportions. His features were copied by nature from a Greek model, while his shaven crown, with a single chivalric scalp-lock tufted with a heron's feather, would in its noble developments, have thrown the disciples of Gall and Spurzhein into ecstasy. The peculiarity of his head-dress, with the beautifully-beaded leggings round his ankles, revealed to me at once that the young gentle- men was an Indian dandy—a Pottawattamie Pelham in an undress; and 1 can assure you that Mrs. never schooled any of his New York rivals to wear their Spanish cloak with a better air than was exhibited by my red friend Mitosway Copuatchegun, or Ten-Garters, as he gathered the folds of his blankets about his person. Pipes were now lit, and Ten-Garters, who was too unwell to smoke himself, politely, after a few whiffs, tendered me his, while my companion, who could partially speak the language, was supplied from another quar- ter: we were soon perfectly at home. I had picked up from the floor of the lodge, on entering, a rude musical instrument—a species of flute, of imperfect tones, but having a rich mellow sound—when, as I was trying to squeeze a tune from the gamutless pipe, Warpkesick rose abruptly, and • By the new fashion of our Indian Legislature, their laws have no titles, and an Act not passed is of course without a number; we cannot therefore fill up the blank left in the draft of the Address.-ED. C. C. # The words in italics are Mr. Turton's amendment in place of the follow- ing: “for the liberty of printing without any previous restraint.”—ED. C. C. stating that he had to start at once on a trapping expedition, signified that we should take our departure. An Indian pony stood at the door, and leapiug at one bound into the wooden saddle, an immense bundle of steel- traps was handed to the chief by a bystander; and accompanied by an Indian on foot, almost as sorry-looking as the miserable beast he rode, our abrupt host disappeared at once into the woods. I was lingering behind to purchase the flute, and had conciliated the squaws wonder. fully by tearing out the silk lining of my frock-coat, and giving it in shreds to their children, when my friend, being already mounted, told me we had better move off. I had barely time to cross the saddle, when a whoop rang through the woods, which, while it made my horse spring almost from beneath me, would have awakened Rip Vanwinkle from his twenty years' doze. The piercing cry from the forest was echoed with an exulting shout from every wigwam. A dozen dusky figures leaped, though their flimsy porches, with as many rifles gleaming in their hands. He of the heron feather was the first that caught my eye, and as his gun pointed in the direction whence the first whoop came, im. mediately behind me, I could not help, in spite of the undesirable propin- quity of its muzzle, admiring the eagle eye and superb attitude of the young warrior. Not a soul advanced three paces from the covert whence he sprung. There was a dead silence. The children held their breath, and “Meg Merrilies,” who had stepped on a fallen tree at the first outcry, now stood so still that her eldritch form, were it not for the elf-locks streaming over her scarlet blanket in the breeze, might have been mis- taken for a figure of stone. Another whoop, and the cause of all the com- motion at once, appeared. A noble buck, roused from his lair by Warp- kesick, comes bounding by the camp, and buries his proud antlers in the dust in a moment. A dozen scalping-knives pierce his leathern coat and the poor creature is stripped of his skin almost before he has time to pant out his expiring breath. The women of Kentucky. The stockade fort, called Bryant's sta- tion, that once stood here was frequently a refuge from the savages in the early settlement of the adjacent country; and its gallant defence by a handful of pioneers against the allied †. of Ohio, led on by the white renegadoes Girty and M'Kee, was one of the most des. perate affairs in the Indian wars of the west. The enemy banded together at the forks of the Scioto, and planned their attack in the deep forests, a hundred miles away from the scene where it was made. The pioneers had not the slightest idea of their approach, when, sudden as the grove of spears that sprung from the dragon's teeth in classic land, a thousand rifles gleamed in the corn-fields one summer's night. That very evening the garrison had chanced to gather under arms to march to the relief of another “station” that was similarly invested. It was a fearful moment; an hour earlier, and the pioneers would have been cut off-an hour later, and their defenceless wives and daughters must have been butchered or carried into captivity, while their natural protectors were hurrying to the rescue of others. The Indians saw at a glance that the moment was not propitious to them; and having failed in surprising the Kentuckians, they attempted to decoy them from their fastness by presenting themselves in small parties before it. The whites were too wise to risk a battle, but they knew not how to stand a siege. The “fort,” which was merely a collection of log cabins arranged in a hollow square, was unhappily not supplied with water. They were aware that the attacking party knew this; they were aware, too, that their real force lay in ambush near a neighbouring spring, with the hope of cutting off those who should come to remedy the deficiency. But the sagacity of a backwoodsman is sometimes more than a match for the cunning of an Indian, and the heroism of a woman may baffle the address of a warrior. The females of the station determined to supply it with water from this very spring! But how! Woman's wit never devis- ed a bolder expedient—woman's fortitude never carried one more hazard- ous into successful execution. They reasoned thus: The water must be had. The women are in the habit of going for it every morning. If armed men now take that duty upon them, the Indians will think that their ambuscade is discovered, and instantly commence their assault. If the women draw the water as usual, the Indians will not unmask their concealed force, but still persevere in attempting to decoy the defenders of the station without its pickets. The feint succeeded: the random-shots of the decoy, party were returned with a quick fire from one side of the fort, while the women issued from the other, as if they apprehended no enemy in that quarter. Could aught be more appalling than the task before them But they shrink not from it; they move carelessly from the gate—they advance with composure in a body to the spring—they are within point blank shot of five-hundred warriors. The slightest trépida- tion will betray them—the least apparent consciousness of their thrilling situation, and their doom is inevitable. But their nerves do not shrink; they wait calmly for each other until each fills her bucket in succession. The Indians are completely deceived, and not a shot is fired. The band of heroines retrace their steps with steady feet—their movement soon becomes more agitated—it is at last precipitate. But tradition says that the only water spilt was as their buckets crowded together in passing the gate. A sheet of living fire from the garrison, and the screams of the wounded Indians, around the spring, told that they were safe, and spoke the triumph of their friends. Insane with wrath to be thus outwitted, the foe rushed from his covert, and advanced with desperation upon the rifles of the pioneers. But who could conquer the fathers and brothers of such women; The Indians were foiled; they withdrew their forces: but on counting the number of their slain they burned with vengeance and rallied once more to the fight. They were again and again repulsed. Suc- cour at last came to the pioneers, and the savages were compelled to retreat to their wild-wood haunts once more. - - - - M.A.C.A.O. DIED,-At the Residence of Willi AM Jardine, Esq. on the morning of the 29th July, four days after her arrival from England, A. XXXIV years, Isabella ANNe, the beloved Wife of John TEMpleton, LSQ. 'I' HE DAIADT ºn this, Nºis, “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance - “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. vol. 8. TUEsday, AUGUST 11th, 1835. No. 32. ºfts : NOTICE. - THE undersigned beg to intimate having moved their establishment to No. 4 Dutch HoNG. Canton, August 3rd, 1835. DIROM & CO. (Advertisements, see Price Current.) ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N T O N. Arrived the American vessel Bet A, , from Bata- via and Lev ANT, Dumaresq, from Boston. Captain Pear- son of the Beta, died at the Cum-sing-moon, on the 7th instant, of a fever caught at Batavia. We have willingly complied with the request of Senhor Estefique, and inserted his letter in the Register first issued after it's receipt. It will be found in another place. On Wednesday, the 5th inst. that dreadſul manifestation of the power of the elements, called a Tyſoon, swept over the city of Canton. “Good God! that the wind should have such force!"— was the exclamation of lieutenan Archer, when describing, in a letter to his mother, the effects of a hurricane in the West Indies, in which H. M. S. Phaeton, commanded by Sir Hyde Parker, was blown three miles orer a reef. He says the topsails, although closely furled and secured with preventer gaskets, were blown into coach-whips. We do not presume to balance the separate forces of a chinese Tyfoon and a West Indian hurricane. Those who have known one or both will never forget them, They are like the earthquake, and crush into helplessness the skill and courage of man. The Tyſoon began on the evening of the 5th inst. and continued throughout night and the next day, blowing it's best at about 2 o'clock in the morning. The chinese living in boats on the rivers of the southern provinces, and in the numerous coasting fishing vessels, suffer greatly at these dreadful visitations; but the numberless disasters are not, as in other more social parts of the world, a subject of 'public report or general sympathy. Although we have made pressing enquiries as to the extent of damage suffered by the population of Canton and the neighbourhood, we have not been informed of any pe- culiar distress. The fruit-trees, as might be, expected, have been destroyed in great numbers. The reports that we received from Macao and the Cum. sing-moon anchorage do not—when the cause is considered T-contain accounts of very serious injury. Many houses in Macao have been greatly damaged, and several lives have been lost in the inner harbour, where some vessels were also driven on shore. The ships in the Cum-sing-moon rode the gale out gallantly and uninjured, with the following exceptions; the America bark Kent, parted her cables and was beached, and the masts of the Portuguese brig Santa Anna, were cut away to prevent her from driving from her anchors. Intelligence has just reached us of the total wreck of the Danish bark Maria or the eastern Potoy, and the loss often of her crew, five of whom, we understand, were Danes The Captain (Muller) mate, steward, sailmaker, add two Chinese were saved. The Governor Findlay, which was caught in the gale amongst the islands, coming in from -- the eastward, cut away all her masts; she is now safe in the Cum-sing-moon. We fear that the accounts from the east coast may bring dreadful details of the loss of the native fishing craft; but we have no apprehensions as to the safety of the well-manned and found English vessels that are now on that station. The American ship Levant, which arrived on the 7th inst. the day after the gale, came in with royals set, from Gaspar island fourteen days, and having had light winds all the way up the China sea, and did not feel the Tyfoon; it is therefore reasonable to conclude that the late stormy weather has been confined to the southern coast of China. The following is a translation of a chinese description of these periodical Tufoons. The original account is much longer, and goes into an explanation of the influences of the Yang and Yin principles, which would probably beasun- intelligble and unsatisfactory to our readers as it is our- selves, We do not, therefore, trouble them with a transla- tion of the whole account. Kew-Fung, “an old Wind.” - In the southern sea there is yearly a kew-fung; it is also named fung-kew, and also keu-fung }'} E. It begins from the N E., and from that point shifts round to the west; from the N.W., it shifts to the east, and always ends in the south. It is called Lo-se “the falling west,” and Tang-se, “the moving agitated west;" also “the resolving south.” It generally continues for two days and nights and then ceases. It is also called Fung-che, “a stupifying wind.” If does not “fall from the west, nor revolve to the south” it will come again in a succeeding month. It ends at the same --- hºur of the day or night that it begins. The proverb says, “in the morning north, the evening south, and midnight east." And further it is said,—-“In the morning three, in the evening seven, in the day not more than one.” Meaning if the keu-ſung begins in the morning it will last three, if in º evening seven days, and if in the day time only one ay. It's greatest fury in all cases does not continue long. Perhaps several hours, perhaps a day and night; but it is long moderating, perhaps two or three nights. It happens some. times not for three or four years. If there is a conjunction of a star with the zodiacal constellations at the com- inencement of the spring or summer terms, there will cer- tainly be a kew-ſung; if of two stars, there will be two kew- ſºngs. Further, if in the 5th moon, the winds blow from the northward, there will be a keu-ſung. The proverb says, “The 6th moon has no harmless northern breezes;” The north wind is the centrical old wind; the East wind is the left-handed old wind; The keufung is called the Iron kew, for nothing can resist it's fury and stand before it: therefore it is called, iron. At the time it revolves to the south it is at it's height.—(Kwang-tung sin-yu.) E. I. Co's AG ENTs. SIR, It is to be presumed that something must ere this be known in some quarters, as to the projected operations of the Company's Agents for the approaching season; and you will confer a benefit on the public by stating, (if you can,) to what amount, and at what rate of Exchange, it is contem- Plated to make the advances on Cargo to England.—I hear it rumoured, that the amount is to be £1,500,000, and the rate 4s. 6d. per Dollar, but cannot but doubt both—the thing would be too barefaced, and though the establishment here, be in itself an invasion of the rights of the free traders, _* 126 THE CANTON REGISTER. and others, having commercial relations with the port, as it is a manifest evasion of the Act of Parliament doing away with the Company's trade here, yet I cannot suppose that such extreme lengths as the above would be ventured upon.—Allow me to ask by the way, how these advances are to be made? And to whom? Is there to be any favoritism, or any helping one's friends, or one's relations, oneself, or in fact any still more indirect mode of doing what, whether done or not, it is generally said and believ- ed, was done last year to a great extent! Or is all to be fair and above board! May I, you, or any one, having Cargo to Ship, lying ready in one of the Hongs, get the 3 advance on application and approval of the value put on them? Or is there a chance of the application being met by an intimation, that “very sorry, but Mr. A., or Mr. B., has not as yet drawn the whole amount for which his name was put in the list”—Such sum being, perhaps, one half, or one third, of the whole amount advanced' Will Dollars be given indiscriminately to all who may take the advances, or will they be kept for a favored few, while the rest are fobbed off with Bills on Bengal, which must be got rid of at a discount by the taker or Hong Merchant to whom they are given in payment! The injury which this plan, even if equitably managed here, must cause to the regular trader, is, I need not add immense—the shutting out British manufactures, to the amount of the advances—the establishment of an arbitrary rate of Exchange on England, the interference with that on Bengal, the raising the price of Exports from China—cum multis aliis—all these injuries have, and I need not dilate on them—been before pointed out. It is to be hoped, that they will not be yet further increased, by an unequal and partial division of the Funds, giving to any parties an undue influence or the Tea and Silk Market, to the injury of the majority here, and the Merchants of Great Britain connected with the port. - - WIATOR. Canton, 4th August, 1835. Our correspondent, Viator, is persevering in his questions, but we do not think that in referring to this paper he pursues the surest means of obtaining a speedy answer. Not that our watchful care for the good name of our country in commercial dealings and our zeal in the public service would not excite our desire and urge our efforts to give him the information he has asked, but because the agents of the E. I. company have not as yet taken any means that we know for making their intended transactions public. Perhaps a M. S. notice may be pasted up by and by, informing the public of the rate of exchange; but beyond this very meagre notification, their deeds will probably be shrouded under as thick a veil as that which con- cealed their sayings and doings in the Napier months. The rate of exchan 4e is to be settled under the orders of the court of directors; and the E. I. co’s. agents here are not to be blamed, on that account, unless they are invested with discretionary powers, although we do not know from whence such powers can proceed—certainly not from leaden- hall street—and if the board of control bave interfered, in the matter, we trust parliament will be strict in it's scrutiny of all the transactions, from the purchase and payment of the goods in China to the sale under the ham- mer of the E. I. directors. As to how the advances are to be made, if the agents are honest, the answer is easy. Parties receiving ad- vances, are to address in each instance a letter in quadru- plicate to the E. I. co’s agents, signifying their assent to the specified conditions; and then, we presume, it will be according to the bankers and barbers rule—“first come first served,” the value of each consignment having been previously ascertained by the E. I. co’s agents. We, there- fore, recommend Viator to form his engagements with the chinese for the ensuing season, and when he can produce for the inspection of the E. I. co’s agents, the consig ments on which he is desirous to obtain advances, in order that he may be able to pay his chinese friends for their. goods, then to applv formally for the cash advances; and, iſ he be refused or “fobbed off” with bills, to demand a state- ment of the application of the £1,500,000, and how and when and to whom all the cash has been advanced;—and on what ships such consignments have been laden. As for the money transactions of the E. I. company's agents in the past year, we do not know any thing about them. In the latter end of July, 1834, a notice, stating the rate of exchange on India, was hung up at the public entran- ce of the hong then occupied by H. M. superintendent. We do not recollect perfectly the names of the signers of the notice, but we think they were J. N. Daniell, J. Jackson —perhaps others. If Mr. Jackson signed the document in Canton, the state of his health soon obliged him to return to M. . . . . . . . The ship Bertrickshire was at Whampoa on the 26th of august, and the Hythe on the 21st of october; at the last date the name of the firm of Daniell & Co. was published in the Price Current as the consignees of both ships, the names of the commanders having previously stood as being the consignees of their respective ships. In the Hythe, the E. I co’s second agent, Mr. T. C. Smith, arrived. We have been thus particular in stating the time of the appearance of the notice of the E. ſ. co’s agents, the names of those who signed it, the arrival of the ships Berwickshire and Hythe and the names of the consignees, because we feel it to be our duty not to blink the questions of Viator, as to whether “there is to be any favoritism, or any help- “ing one's friends or one's relations, or oneself, or in fact, “any still more indirect mode of doing what, whether done “or not, it is generally said and believed, was done last year “to a great extent 2 " &c. although we cannot answer them ; nor can we doubt but that they are levelled at the company's senior agent in China, Mr. J. N. Daniell. But the Canton Register is not a channel for masked accusations or doubtful hints that implicate the character and conduct of honorable men. spargere voces In vulgum ambiguas, et quaerere conscius arma. is not the part of an honest man. Therefore let Viator come forward as a public accuser of the E. I. co’s agents; let him prove the fact, that they have abused their trust, and advanced cash to their relations in an unfair proportion, and deluded other applicants with paper; and that they themselves have traded, and that too with the money provided for the payment of the dividend to the proprietors of E. I. stock, the payment of which dividend is guaranteed by act of parliament. We have declared a'ready that we are altogether ignorant of their transactions, and as to what is said or believed, we do not stake the honour and character of any individual on mere hearsay or credulity. The gossip of a community should never be quoted in a public paper to the detriment of private character, unless facts can be substantiated in proof that the babble is well founded. If Viator can prove that the E. ſ. co’s a gents have been guilty of a low and disgraceſulderelic- tion of duty, such as he has more than hinted at in his letter': —a secret-self-appropriation of public-trust-moneys—he will be doing a service to the public in openly denouncing them; let him him produce the proofs; for that purpose our columns are open to him; but, although we have inserted his letter, that it may be refuted or confirmed, we must decline, for the future, publishing mere “papers of hints,” or submitting to be asked leading and insidious questions, relating to transactions of which we are wholly ignorant, involving matters we cannot control, and reflect- ing on the characters of individuals whom we would fain respect. We have extracted largely from the interesting and useful work of Mr. lnglis on Ireland; as the opinions of an observer so diligent and dispassionate are of great im- portance just now, when the future' well-being of Ireland- perhaps even of the ºritish Empire—is an ecclesiastical question. The opinions of such a man are of more value, now that he is removed from us —for we are grieved to say that we have seen his death recorded in the papers lately received from England. The remarks of this impartial writer tally well with the last division of the house of com- mons on the appropriation of the surplus revenues of the Irish protestant church; and as being a good cominentary on the late parliamentary proceedings on the questions of Irish ty thes and church government, we have inserted them, as well as the suminary of the opinions of the writer, on the wants and remedies of Ireland, drawn up in his conclud- ing report. SHIP TROUGHT ON. Chang, the Puvau-yu heen &c. &c. &c. by order of Loo the governor of the two Kwang, &c. &c. &c. issues a clear proclamation. It has been proved that the trading vessel of the En- glish foreigner Tan-chin (Thomson), on the I1th day of the Gth moon of the present year (6th July) met with a gale ! -- -- 1. - — — —a ----> -- " -- - -- a ------------ -- - - - - - - - ... F * : . . . . . . . . . . --- THE CANTON REGISTER. Nan-fun-shan-shih, in Sin-ning-heen (to the westward of Macao) was there plundered. Immediately an urgent govern- ment order was issued to seize the plunderers. It is now proved from the report of the Chung-keun-yew-keih of Yang-keang chin, Yang tih heung, and Chow-kwo-ying, the Show-ke of the naval commander in chief and the others, that from first to last they have pursued and taken the rob- bers, Le sang ho and others, who are now forwarded to be examined. It has been proved by the confession of all the robbers that they leagued together for the purpose. The officers having been planted at different places, came upon their trails, drove then into a corner and seized them, and the said criminals had no path to escape. It proves on examination that all the criminals are fishermen; seeing wealth, their thoughts arose; availing themselves of the circuinstances they removed the booty. Ainongst them, some must have been avaricious; some have been involved by chance; some who shared in the booty after the robbery, or who received it; such must be the case in some instances, and therefore those inen may be pitied. . It is proper, however, that they early surrender themselves for examination; yet some slight indulgence may be shown to them. I really think they are foolish people without knowledge, and, in the disorder of the r minds, from being involved in so great a crime, have hidden themselves. It is reasonable to issue a clear proclama- tion, and make it known to all the fishing boats of the neighbourhood, the resident people and shopkeepers for their full information. If any of ye have been concerned in this robbery; or, after the affair, shared in the spoil, or received and secreted the money or goods, five days are allowed you to come to the provincial city, or to deliver yourselves up to the local civil or military officers, soldiers, or the cruizers, with the plunder received, and indulgence will be shown to your several crimes, and your lives will be secure. But if you absurdly think of hiding yourselves, or running away, when you are seized hereafter the law cannot be relaxed, neither will your lives be secure. Or if any of the relations of the criminals give them up, indul- gence will also be shown. I, the governor, am actuated by a wish to save the people's lives, and have thus purposely opened one corner of the net; do not again oppose, and deceive yourselves out of your lives. Obey it, oppose inot. A special edict. Taou-kwang. 15th year, intercalary 6th moon, 12th day. (6th August, 1835.) IRELAND IN 1834. BY n. D. ING Lis In place of forty hovels, I might have visited hundreds. In place of seeing, as I did hundreds of men, women and children, in the last state of destitution, I might have seen thousands. I entered the alleys, and visited the hovels, and climbed the stairs at a venture; I did not select; and I have no reason to believe that the forty which I visited, were the abodes of greater wretchedness than the hundreds which I passed by. I saw also, another kind of destitution. The individuals I have yet spoken of, were aged, infirm, or diseased: but there was another class, fast approaching infirmity and disease; but yet able and willing to earn their subsistence. I found many hand-loom weavers, who worked from five in the morning till eight at night, and received from a task-master, from half a crown to four shillings a week. Many of these men had wives and fami- lies; and I need scarcely say, that confinement, labour, scanty subsistence, and despair, were fast reducing these men to the condition of the others upon whom disease, and utter destitution had already laid their hands. The subsistence of these men consisted of one scanty meal of dry potatos daily. I will only add one other instance of destitution. Driving in the neigh- bourhood of Limerick, on the Adair road, in company with a medical gentle. man, the apparition of a man suddenly appeared by the side of our car. The gentleman who accompanied me knew him: he had been a stone-breaker; but had become infirm, and at length utterly disabled, by disease, from labour: his cabin was close by; and we ascertained, that he, and his family, had subsisted, during the last three days, on the leaves of that yellow-flowered Weed which grows among the corn; and which is boiled, and eaten with a little salt. I think I have already mentioned the use of this weed for a similar purpose, by the destitute poor of Kilkenny; or if I have not, I ought to have done so. I think it is impossible for me to select a better opportunity than this, tº advert briefly to a topic, on which I have not hitherto offered any direct observations. I allude to the disputed question, whether there be, or be not, a necessity for some legal provision for the poor; and I confess, that with such scenes before me as I have at this moment, it does seem to me an insult tº humanity and common sense, to doubt the necessity to which I allude, I might carry the reader back with me, to gather arguments from Kilkenny. Waterford, Cashel; and, indeed, from almost every town, village, and hamlet, that has lain on my way; but the situation of the poor of Limerick is at this moment fresh in my memory; and I ask any man of ordinary intelligence, whether such a state of things can, or ought to be allowed to continue? Why | 127 should men be allowed to starve in one division of the empire, and not in another? ... I mention the name of lord Limerick, not because 1 suppose he, or any other man, can prevent pauperism on his city property; but because, when I inquire who are the individuals that contribute to keep the bodies and souls of these miserable creatures together, and when I ascertain, that many a humane citizen contributes more than the noble owner of ail the property, then I perceive, that there is something wrong; and,-that leaving for a moment the question, as it relates to the poor, out of consideration,-- justice demands, that in the ratio of their abundance, men should be forced to contribute. I do look upon it as most important to the civilization and to the peace of Ireland, that a better order of Cutholic priesthood should be raised. Taken, as they at present are, from the very inferior classes, they go to Maynooth, and are reared in monkish ignorance and bigotry; and they go to their cures, with a narrow education, grafted on the original prejudices and habits of thinking, which belong to the class among which their early years were passed. From my considerable experience of Catholic countries, I know enough of Popery to convice me how necessary it is, that its priests should have all the advanges which are to be gathered beyond the confines of a cloister. I found in one part of this country, greater want of accommodation for the Protestant congregation. I allude to the parish “of the Union of Kil- glass.” There is monstrous abuse here. The bishop is rector, and draws from four to five hundred pounds per annum; and yet there is no church, or Protestant service in the parish. His lordship, on being respectfully written to on the subject, replied, that there was service in the next parish! Trading magistrates are not yet extinct in the county Longford; value is still occasionally received for magisterial protection, in the shape of labour, such as, a winter-cutting of turf being brought to a man's door. Neither is there mnch co-operation among the magistracy. They take pleasure in thwarting each other; and it is not unusual for persons imprisoned bv the warrant of one magistrate, to be forthwith liberated by the warrant of another. This, I think, ought not to be possible. Crime can never be effectually repressed, where such a state of things exists; and every week’s new experience iu Ireland, more and more convinced ine, that the establish- ment of a general stipendiary magistracy, would be one great step towards the civilization and pacification of the country. Withont this, the factions which disturb so many of the counties, cannot be put effectually down. The unpaid magistracy of Ireland cannot, as a body, practise that steady, fear- less, and energetic vindication of the law, which must certainly go hand in hand with every measure of equity and conciliation. There is in Limerick, as in Cork, and several other places, a loan fund, the residue of subscriptions for the distressed Irish, which was apportioned by the Lordon Committee, in 1822, to different counties, for the promotion of industry. I have a statement, now before me, of the present condition of this fund; and it will surprise the reader to be told, that, while the sum put at the disposal of the county of Limerick has increased, by judicious management, since the year 1822, from 637l. to 75211, and, in other counties, in greater or less proportion,-in some counties it has remained stationary, or suffered a decrease. In Clare, the 60 )0l. intended to be applied to the benefit of the industrians, by loan, at a small interest, and on proper security, has become 50-0!. In Sligo, the 3870t has become 333 il. In Leitrim there has been on the original 200 l. a decrease of no less than 807 l; and perhaps the most singular fact of all is, that the 2590l. allocated to Tipperary is, at this moment, precisely 2500l. There must have beeu somewhere gross mismanagement, or grosser jobbing. Where has the 2500l. been since 1822? It can never have been applied as intended, because a single loan made, must have either added to, or taken from it: it cannot have lain in a bank , because interest would have accrued upon it! From all that I cou'd ascertain, both in Cork and in Limerick, I have reason to think that tha loan fund has been most beneficial in its effects; and that any loan fund, under judicious management, must produce important results, in encourag- ing industry. and accumulating capital. I have said nothing, as yet of the environs of Limerick. In the neighbourhood of such a river as the Shannon, they can scarcely be other. wise than beautiful; and the great natural fertility of the soil, and the improv- e i husbandry, pretty generally adopted, greatly increase the attractions of this fine district. The Marquis of Lansdowne possesses an extensiye estate close to Limerick. It is in the finest state of cultivation; and, fron a person- al survey, I may state that every industrious tenant is in comfortable cir- cumstances; and that the moderate rent charged for the excellent land in this neighbourhood, was in striking contrast with the rents paid for the comparatively indifferent land, which I had lately seen in the neighbourhood of Ennis. I cannot speak so well of the property of the Earl of Limerick. Whatever advantages the tenantry possess, are referable to the exertions and good- heartedness of his lordship's agents. I will not trust myself to speak further of the Earl of Limerick, unless only to add, that from high and low, rich and poor, I never heard a good word of his lordship. I shall not easily forget,_nor would I ever wish to forget, the delightful hours I one day spent, on the shores of this, more than Winandermere of Ireland. It was a day of uncommon beauty ; the islands seemed to be float- ing on a crystal sea; the wooded promontories threw their broad shadows half across the still bays; the fair slopes, and lawny knolls, stood greenly out from among the dark sylvan scenery that intervened; here and there, a little boat rested on the bosom of some quiet cove; and in some of the shallow bays, or below the slopes of some of the green islands, cattle stood, single or in groups, in the water. I confidently assert, that lower Loch Erne, take it all in all, is the most beautiful lake in the three kingdoms; and but for t  majestic Alpine outline, that bounds the horizon on the upper part of Lake Leman,—Lake Leman itself could not contend in beauty, with this little visi.- ed lake in the county of Fermanagh. The county of Fermanagh is Conservative, and considerably Protestant. It will no doubt, be deemed a curious fact, that the parish in which I rested a few days, Magher. Culmoony, a parish fourteen Irish miles long and sever- al broad, contains not any one place of worship of any denomination, except the parish church. It is doubtful if there be another example of this in Ire- land, or I might perhaps add, in England either. Such examples woud not have been so rare, if the church of Ireland had possessed more ministers of religion, like in character, activity, and talent, to the Protestant rector of Magher-Culmoony. I am not one of those, who ascribe all the evils of Ireland to Popery; but I am one of those who think Protestantism the better religion. should lord Limerick, in Ireland, be exempt from the duty which lord for the people, and the safer for the state; and think also, that it ought to T H E Sºut." Ult ºn this, Nºise “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” vol. 8. (Advertisements, see Price Current.) ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N T O N. The American ships PANAMA and MAR MARA, Pearce, are the only arrivals that have been reported this week. PROVINCIAL CITY. In the Register of the 14th of March last, No. 12, will be found a string of preventive regulations, eight in number, for confining the unfortunate barbarians whose convict-destiny it is to be imprisoned in the narrow and confined spot called Shih-san-hang, the thirteen factories, in the western suburb of the provincial city of the province of Kwang-tung, the wide-spreading-east. These regula- tions have met with the fnll approval of the emperor, who has returned them to Canton, with his Vermillion reply affixed, as will be known by a perusal of the fol- lowing translation of an edict from the hoppo. They have been handed to the foreigners during the past week in two shapes; one is a M. S. copy from the hop- po's office, and the other is an impression smeared off from wooden blocks. Whether this “ damnable iteration ” means mischief we will not pretend to determine; but it is quite clear that if the regulations are literally enforced no one foreigner of the least respectable character and spirit can remain in Canton. We do not pretend to fear a literal enforcement of these nursery-rules; but we do fear the foreign trade will, year after year, fall under more unbearable regulations, and that neither person nor pro- perty will be safe from chinese cruelty or rapacity, if the local officers are once convinced that the foreign residents in China are considered aliens by their own governments. We request attention to another edict from the hoppo's office, respecting foreign vessels anchoring at an incon- venient distance from the port of Canton which is Whampoa. The health of the crews and the draught of water are un- doubtedly matters that must be left in the care of captains of ships. But not only the rules of true policy, but the wish to conciliate by all proper means, as well as the convenience of the officers and crews of the ships and also of the chop- boats, and of the officers at the Whampoa customhouse, will demonstrate the duty and propriety of observing, as far as may be practicable, the necessary regulations of the port. Pang, by imperial appointment, hoppo of Canton &c. &c. Proclaims to the hong-merchants for their full informa- tion. It is proved officially that on the 28th day of the 1st moon of the 15th year of Taou-kwang, the governor and fooyuen united with me, the hoppo, to respectfully prepare a paper for presentation to H. I. M. respecting restric- tive and preventive regulations connected with the trade of foreigners. On the 4th day of the 5th moon of the present year, I received a communication from the governor, saying that in his boat off Tang-heen (in Kwang-se) on the 28th day of the 4th moon the Vermillion reply arrived, as follows. “The regulations that have been deliberated and de- termined on are all safe, it is necessary that you really TUESDAY, AUGUST 18th, 1935. CHARLES (FRANT. No. 33. ºs : exert yourselves and publish them; decidedly, they must not be allowed to fall into disuse, and tho document become a mere dead letter. Endeavour earnestly,–and again encrease your efforts. Respect this.” “Besides transmitting it to the treasurer, who will meet the judge and distribute the edict to the surrounding civil and military officers, to respect and obey it, I have consider- ed how really to use effort to prevent delay, remissness, and the regulations from becoming a mere dead letter, and I have also ordered the Tung-che of Macao to know,respect and obey; and when the document reaches these officers, in order that it may fully respected and obeyed, and to now fºr the regula- tions, smear off several copies and order them to be sent to the hong-merchants and linguists that they may circulate them to the foreign merchants of every nation to under- stand and obey. Moreover, send copies to all the public offices, to be there preserved.” These circumstances coming before me, the hoppo, besides , ordering the commands to be respectfully receiv- ed, and that impressions of the regulations be smeared oſt and nailed and stitched and sent to all the public offices, and clerks at the custom-house stations to respect, and obey, examine, illustrate, and preserve at hand on record, send the orders to the linguists that they may distribute them to the foreign merchants of every na- tion to understand and obey. Also order the hong mer- dhants, when the orders reach them, to respect, obey, exa- mine, and explain them, then immediately to send them to the foreign merchants of every nation, to understand and obey them, and report the circumstances of the respectful management for examination. Do not oppose. A Special Edict. - Pang, by imperial order, an acting Fung-shin-yuen- king, comptroller general of the customs at the port of Canton, raised ten steps, again raised one step, and recorded ten times, proclaims to the hong-merchants and others, for their full information. It is proved that the Whampoa customhouse officers have written stating, that on the 10th day of the present month they received an official proclamation, the contents of which were as follows; The foreign ships of every nation entering the port have hitherto remained near the Yellow-market—Wham- poa, where it is easy to overlook and examine them. They are not allowed to anchor at a distance at Woo-yung (near the 2nd bar), and other spots; that they may secretly carry on their bad practices in concealed places. It is on record that an edict has already been issued directing respectful obedi- ence. Now, on examination it is found that the water at Whampoa is not too shallow, that the foreign ships still should persist in anchoring at a distance from Wham- poa, and disregard so entirely the fixed regulations. Be- sides proclaiming to the hong-merchants and linguists to immediately transmit the orders to all the foreign mana- gers of every nation to order all the ships to obey res- pectfully the laws, and anchor near Whampoa, that they may be easily overlooked and examined. If they still dare, as before, to oppose, immediately this is, on examination, prov- ed, the receipt from or delivery to those ships of cargo shall be immediately stopped. Let the proclamation be properly make known. When the proclamation reaches the tide- waiters and receivers of duties let them respectfully I 30 THE CANTON REGISTER. obey according to it's tenonr; and directly strictly ex- amine, and if any foreign ship does not remove to the Whampoa reach, let the facts be reported; such are circumstances. On receiving this, the tide-waiters &c. will respectfully obey, and immediately, all of them, with patroles will go round about examining. Now all the foreign ships of every nation should anchor at the old places as near as they can. If, however, they do not remove, in respectful obedience to the edict, after the facts have been examined and a report is returned, when stich circumstances come before me, the hoppo, and it being proved, by examination, that the foreign ships of every nation have opposed the laws and anchored afar off, in conformity to an already-issued edict, I order the said hong-merchants and the others to transmit the orders to every foreign ship to remove and anchor near Wham- poa, where they can be easily overlooked and examin- ed: this is on record. Now it is proved, by petition concerning the foregoing circumstances, that it will be proper again to order, by proclamation; when the proclama- tion reaches the said hong-merchants and the others, let them respectfully obey it, and manage in accordance with the former and present edicts, and immediately transmit the edict to the foreign managers of every na- tion, that they may order all the foreign ships of every nation respectfully to obey the laws, and anchor near Whampoa. If again they disobey, not only will I put a stop to cargo going down or coming up from the said foreign ships; but if the said hong-merchants connive, through negligence, they also will be guilty of great opposi- tion, and be involved in that which is not convenient. Let them first respectfully obey the edict, and enquire into the circumstances of the ships having changed their anchorage; and report back the facts to be decided on. Do not oppose. Hasten, Hasten. A Special Edict. Taou-kwang, 15th year, intercalary 6th moon, 16th day. ( 10th August, 1835. ) For the information of our distant commercial readers, we give an account of the losses and accidents in the Tyfoon. of the 5th and 6th of August, as they have up to this peripº, been reported to us; and first of those outsid Cumsingmoon. l,' The Danish bark Maria, totally wrecked on Pooiáy, the captain, Müller, and two of the crew ( ) sawed, nine Danes and three Chinese lost. - H. M. Sloop Raleigh, Michael Quin, Esqr. Commander, totally dismasted, two men lost, fifteen guns thrown over- board, was in great peril of foundering. The British brig Watkins, Whiteside, dismasted under Lantao. Do Governor Findlay, Kennedy, dismasted. ' The British brig Caeur de Lion, Glover, on shore in the Typa. Two Spanish Vessels went on shore in the mouth of the Macao inner harbour, but were got off the next day. Two large Portuguese cargo-boats (Lorchas de carga) were totally wrecked, and the crew of one perish- ed. Many Chinese junks have been seen dismasted; and one with a valuable cargo of sugar, was totally lost. The passage-boat St. George went down at her anchor in the inner harbour of Macao; the crew saved. We have heard she has since been weighed up. The masts of the Sylph and Loon being cut away, those boats rode out the ale. In the Cumsing-moon, the Portuguese brig Santa Anna, Oliveira, dismasted. The American bark Kent, dragged her anchor, and was carried by the swell 1 mile over a ledge of rocks, where she now lies. The range of the Barometer at Macao was a whole de- gree lower than at Canton. The most approved Barometer at Macao was in the possession of it's owner in 1819, in which year a Tºfoon occurred. The Barometer then fell to 29% inches. A 6 A. M. of the 5th inst. it stood at 29% inches and continued at that height until. 1 P. M. when it began to fall and continued falling until 10 P.M. when it stood at 29 inches, at which hour the wind began to freshen, and the barometer continued to fall quickly until 1. 30. A. M. of the 6th when it was as low as 28 Fºº inches. A few minntes after it began to rise, and at 6 A. M. stood at 29 rº, and continued rising. We are happy to report the arrival of the Lady Hayes, Burnett, in the Cumsingmoon. This vessel had left Macao roads a day or two before the commencement of the Tyfoon. The following extract, from a private letter, contains a graphic account of her proceedings during the gale. The judgment of her commander in determinately carrying on off the land, probably saved tha ship. Early in the morning of the 5th, were observed indications of approaching bad weather in consequence commenced securing boats, anchors, spars, &c. with a determination to face it stoutly, and be in as sung condition as possible. At 10 A.M. the wind freshened a little from the same quarter as it had been for the last 24 hours; viz. North, so we thought it best to turn her head back again to look for shelter fancying ourselves to be about 35 miles off the land. We carried a press of sail until noon, when we found we had too great a dis- tance to run before we could get into shelter and expecting it would get so thick that we could not see our way; and besides that its no fool of a job to bring a ship up at her anchors in a dark night, so we just turned her head to sea, and clapt on as much sail as she could stagger under, determined not to take it in until it took itself in. We steered SE. by E. The wind being then at north, we were desirous of getting as far off the land as possible expecting the wind round to the Eastward, there then being a most tremendous sea from that quarter.—By this time we had got all the small spars down and every thing furled and made snug except the reefed foresail and fore and main trysails—which, we intended to carry until they should go to pieces, which sure enough they did about 4 o'clock ; it was then blowing in severe gusts, The ship then became unmanageable and shipped, a good deal of water: The wind continued increasing until 8 o'clock, when it blew very hard and laid our lee gunwale in , the water, the sea being then very high. About this time some of the the sails worked themselves adrift and blew to pieces. It was expected every moment to see the masts go over the side, but considering every thing the ship was very easy and behav- ed well. About 8-30 the wind began to veer to the Westd but still continued to blow as hard as ever until midnight, when it drew round to South and moderated a little, that is to say, the gusts were not so frequent. It continu- ed to blow hard from that quartar until noon of the 6h. when it moderated fast, aud we bending other sails in noon of those split. Our fast sail- ashed away davits and altogether, in spite of all our pre- oat on the weather-side was only prevented by ropes from being nto the mizen top. When the gale commenced, which we con- id at 1 P.M. on the 5th. we were about 20 in les East of the Lema; itſ morning of the 7th and then we made Mondego Island. Qur men behav- well, and were most gallantly led on by the Chief \late and Carp nter. We 'hardly think we could have had it so heavy as those inside; and what is mºst extraordinary, the wind with them veered to the e s d round to south; but with us it veered to the westd round to south. It was fortunate for us that it veercd to Westd; had it veered to Eastd we should most i sely have been driven on shore among the islands, as we could not have been more than 50 miles off the land at 8 o'clock P. M. of the 6th. We all consider ourselves exceedingly ſortunate in getting off so well as we did. E. I. C.’S. AGENTS. Sir, The letter signed “Viator,” and your remarks thereon, in your paper of August 11th, would not have elicited any observations from me; did I not see that you had taken upon yourself to bring forward the name of the H. C. Senior Agent as the party fixed on by Mr. Viator; he may be, or he may not be. In your Edital however it is very apparent that while pre- tending to explain, you insinuate all that is in your power to that Gentle- man's prejudice, which believe me no one credits, and which is in fact only spread' about by the very party now making the Company the theme of their vituperation, and whose assertions are too well known in Canton to be trusted on any points touching their Agents. Depend upon it Mr. Editor neither you nor Viator will raise the character of your paper by trying to hint away men's characters; and you have done so without a shadow of a shade of truth to support you. Sad will be the day when a public man may not have a brother or friends established in business without an accusation of collusion between the parties being preferred, and without the name of their firm being brought into public notice by a pretended exculpation; or the name of an honorable man brought forward by the Editor of a Newspaper in a questionable shape on the charge of such a one as Viator. - I will only add that the acts of the agents are not the acts of a single individual, and that, I believe, no advances were made in Canton earlier than the beginning of November. Your Obedient Servant, August I5th 1835. AN OBSERVER. This volunteer advocate has a singular opinion of him- self and his party. He tells us pointblank that neither himself nor any one else believes us, and yet he calls on us to believe him! This is rather unconscionable. But we must take a more serious notice of the contents of An Observer's letter, as he endeavours to place usin a point of view the most despicable if it is the true one, and that in THE CANTON REGISTER. which the Editor of this paper should rightfully be shown to the world. We may probably be led into greater length than the sub- ject deserves: we mean that the character of the Canton Register is established too strongly in the good opinion of the public to be affected by the letter of “An Observer”— Nevertheless, leaving Viator to his own share of the argu- ment, we think it prudent to disprove and to deny some of the observations of “An observer.” And firstly, we ask if it is possible for any one to doubt that the E. I. C. senior agent is the person fired on by Viator? —And whether we did not do our duty as an Editor in bring- ing the question at once to the issue, that Viator should come forward as a public accuser and prove his charges, or suffer the imputation of being an anonymous slanderer? The com- pany's senior agent has also the same opportunity given to him of disproving Viator's hints; nor can he now com- plain that they have been couched under generalities which he could not be expected to apply to himself. And secondly, as to our Edital. When An Observer says that “under the pretence of explanation, we have “insinuated all that is in our power to the prejudice of the “company's senior agent, and that we have, “by a pretend- “ed exculpation, sought the opportunity of bringing the “name of a firm into public notice, and that we have “tried to hint away men's characters, and that too without “having a shadow of a shade of truth to support us."— We renº, listinctly and unequivocally, that An Obser- wer has said the things that are not. We dely any one to prove that in our Editorial re- marks on Viator's letter we have either attempted any explanation, insinuated aught to the prejudice or that we have insidiously stood forward as the pretended eaculpator of the company's senior agent. We stated certain facts regard- ing the ships Berwickshire and Hythe, and we avowed our conviction that the company's senior agent was pointed out by Viator's questions; and by this open notice we narrowed the ground for both parties interested in the discussion of those questions. Thirdly, if the name of an honorable man does appear in or paper in a questionable shape the sooner that honorable man renders that shape unquestionable, the betterit will be for his honor; and by answering a few questions and affording the information we now ask, he has the opportunity of laughing to scorn “such a one as Viator.” Perhaps “An Observer" can answer the questions and give us the infor- mation we desire, himself; but we first beg to thank him for the information he has already given us, namely, that the acts of many are not the acts of one: which may be consider- ed self evident, yet in the present case the assurance of An Observer is not an unnecessary enunciation of that self- evident truth. In the Price Current of the 21st of last october there is a notice by the company's agents, dated the 18th of october, and fixing the rate of exchange on advances on homeward cargoes at four shillings and seven pence per dollar ; and in the Price Current of the 28th of october is the following notice. COPY. Omitted last Price Current. Having been instructed by the Honorable Court of directors to notify their intention to make advances of cash, on certain terms and conditions, on cargoes shipped from hence for England,and certain parties in Canton having express- ed their desire to avail themselves of such advances; we hereby give notice, that letters specifying the amount required will be duly registered and attend- ed to and timely information given as to the period when cash will be ready to be advanced and the terms on which such advances shall be made. Copies of the terms and conditions can be received by application at the office of the agents. [Signed.] J. N. DANiell, T. C. SM1th, Agents to thc Honorable East Canton 14th October, 1834: India Company in China. We have been informed that the first notice was put up and acted on on the day of lord Napier's funeral, when most of the British residents in Canton, excepting the B. I. C.’s agents and Messrs. Daniell & Co., had proceed- ed to Macao. 131 Lord Napier was buried on the I5th of october, and in the Register of the 21st of october the names of the following gentlemen appear as having left Canton to attend the fune- ral procession of that gallant and lamented nobleman; namely: Messieurs Jardine, Dent, Matheson, Innes, Leslie, P. F. Robertson, Keating, Crooke, Watson, Goddard, and Brightman. An individual who tendered to the notice of the 14th of october, when asked how he came to tender for advances without knowing the rate of exchange, replied he should not have considered the tender binding nor taken one dol- lar, had the exchange been higher than he deemed right. Our questions, then, to the company's agents are the following. With reference to the first notice of the 14th of october, what was it's intended use, when the want of a rate of exchange made it impossible for houses acting for consti- tuents to tender? Did they or their friends avail themselves of the ir- regular tenders made on that notice, to claim a priority of date; and, on the strength of that priority, take all or nearly all the ready cash in the treasury? Was there any irregularity—to use the gentlest term— in the payments or advances of moneys to the ship Berwickshire 2 Will the company's agents submit their cash compra- dor's books, from the date of the opening of the exchange on Bengal, to the inspection of the public : These are questions easily answered, and such as will be readily answered by honorable men... And it is in the power of the company's agents to wholly disgrace “such a one as Viator.” But let them remember, Pudet haec opprobria illos Et dici potuisse, et non potuisse refelli. One word more to “An Observer.” “The latter end of his commonweath forgets the beginning.” He says we belong to a party. For so we construe his meaning in the fol- lowing sentence of his letter, which is, however, rather obs- cure, and we may be mistaken.—“In your Edital, however, it “is very apparent that while pretending to explain, you “insinuate all that is in your power to that gentleman's “prejudice, which, believe me, no one credits, and which “is in fact only spread about by the very party” &c. Now, what is meant here?—that all we have insinuated is onlv spread about by others? We do not think An observer is here in a concatenation according-ly; but we suppose his ergo to be that we are of “the very party.” As An Observer has boldly said that this party is too well known to be trusted, we leave them to take care of themselves; but for ourselves we once more disavow being swayed by any party feelings; and we challenge all to the proof. That now the trade is free we are the advocates to keep it so—not in name only but but in reality—we readily own to be our stirring motive: thus much might be argued from our motto, and we openly professed such sentiments and intentions in the second number of the Register of 1834. But we “defy augury"— and party too; and we borrow the emphatic words of lord Napier to help us to the expression of our feelings at such a paltry accusation; that gallant officer said—“he despised, “with the utmost venom his breast was capable of feeling, “that man who indulged the thought that he could be “biassed by any party spirit;"—so say we, and Amen. In the Westminster Review, No. 44, published on the 1st of April last, the sixth article is on Tea and Tea Trade. Taking the Report on Tea Duties, and a letter to the Editor of the Courier Newspaper, upon the subject of the Tea Duties, By John Travers, as his texts, the Reviewer has produced a labored article, which is well worth atten- tive perusal by all engaged in the trade with China. It would be long to follow the article throughout. It will be sufficient, perhaps, to assure our local readers that the writer is well-informed on the subject he has undertaken T.H.-E.- vestuºus, usianusually. “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges, Under their auspices a free" “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. --~~~~. T - vor. 8. (Advertisements, see Price Current.) - ERRATUM in the Last Regirter. CAN'T"O'N. The American ship SURAT, Osgood, from Manila, arrived at Macao 14th instant. The following British vessels have been reported; ARAB, from Bombay the 28th of June, arrived on the 15th, GAI LLA R DON, from Calcutta, on the 16th, aud the SUL- TANA, from Calcutta the 8th of July, on the 20th inst. By these opportunities, Calcutta Couriers, of the 27th of June and the 1st of July, have reached us. PROVINCIAL CITY.' August 17th. Twenty third of the intercalary sixth moon. Five men, who where concerned in a robbery, attended with violence, of some indwellers of the family of a comprador in the Swedish hong, named Tsae, were executed, under the Nan-hae-heen; and on the same day, the Pican-yu-heen ordered an offending wife, of middle age, to be strangled, and another offending wife, and young in years, to be put to a lingering and ignominious death; that is, to be slowly cut to pieces. The latter had murdered her husband. She is describ- ed by our chinese informant as being beautiful, with remarkably small feet, and of the most determined mind. On these accounts many hundreds attended her dreadful death. - August 19th. Twentyfiſh of the moon. Ye, the acting Heang-shan heen and Tsin, the acting Heang-shan Hié-chin, together apprehended Le-a-lung and others, men and women eleven in number, plunderers of the Troughton; and also Seen-suy-paou and others, six in number, with three inmates of their families, who had plundered a Cochin-China vessel. They were all delivered over for examination by the governor. On the 26th of the moon, August 20th. The hong merchant Pwankhequa and others, went to the oſlice of the governor, and knocking head requested an audience to pre- sent a petition. The contents of the petition are not at present known. On the next day the same parties present- ed another petition. 24th This morning the chamber over the west gate of the city was destroyed by lightning. Pican, acting Kwang-chow foo, concerning an Edict pasted up for general information. Be it known that Yaou-kew and Gow kwan have been reported by H. E. the governor to the emperor as noto- rious opium dealers. Orders have often been issued to apprehend them; still they have not been taken. It is proper tº paste up a proclamation offering rewards, which is now done, and it is proclaimed for the full information of the military and people, that if ye are able to seize Yaou-kew and bring him before a magistrate, ye shall be rewarded with five thousand dollars of foreign money (meaning the Pillar dollar). They who seize Gow-kwan, shall receive three thousand dollars. The money is deposited in the Public treasury; and it will be delivered on the arrival of the criminals. Or if Yaou-kew and Gow-kwan, can bring themselves to repentance, and deliver themselves up, their *e will meet with indulgent consideration. Decidedly, | *re will be no deception. Do not oppose. A special Edict Tuesday, August 25th, 1835. For 14th READ 24th of MARch. No.34.5; Taou-kwang, 15th year, intercalary (August 17th 1835.) -----r SHIP-TRoughTonº - | Loo, Guardian, of the prince, Governor of the tween Kwang, &c. &c. &c., proclaims concerning the petition of , the hong-merchants, Woo-shaou-yung. (Howqua's grand-, . son by his second son) and the others. - - The ship of the English foreign merchant, Thomson, met with a gale of wind outside, and, in her, distress, was, plundered by fishermen. - I, the governor, have before ordered enquiries and ex- aminations. Afterwards a prepared statement of the facts, was made; I again ordered a strict enquiry in the district where the affair occurred, so that up and down and round, about by sea and shore, all the military and naval officers, should search and seize. Moreover, alternately, great civil and military officers were despatched in different . directions bearing my arrow-order, for instant restraint and seizure. 1, the governor, in conjunction with the dif- | ferent Foo and Heen magistrates, published orders confer- ring, great rewards, thus anxiously devising means to seize (the plunderers). Already all parts had been strictly search- ed, according to orders. Now, already many criminals have been seized, and twenty and more thousand, dollars. of the booty have been recovered; and also watches and other articles of the original plunder have turned up, and have been brought to the provincial city for examination... " The laws of the celestial empire are severe; decidedly, escape out of the net will not be allowed. But the original plunder is mostly foreign money. After the impoverish- ed fishermen had obtained the booty, they used it to pay their debts, thus not preventing, it from being scattered. Now each of the civil and military officers have been strictly examined; far and near search has been exhausted. Wait now until all is recovered, then the case shall be decided; and then the instructions shall be immediately circulated. The said foreign merchant, aſter he met with the gale and remained outside, was plundered by banditti: his " case is much to be pitied; therefore. I, the governor, , from first to last have despatched officers, and ordered the hong-merchants before to go to comfort and tranquillize him, and moreover I have dispensed with all the fees and duties; thus manifesting the greatest compassion, and care. Now it is proved by petition requesting that: the accessary criminals in the said case may be con- siderately treated; from which the excellent heart (of , the captain) is apparent, and he is most worthy ºf all praise. As to what is said about the cook being wound- ed, the period of forty and more days is already passed; I may therefore consider him cured. I order the said hong- merchants immediately to distribute the orders to said foreign merchant for his information, and then wait until all the criminals are collected, in order to a clear investiga- tion of all the circumstances of the robbery, when a respect- ful report will be prepared and send up to the great emperor for his inspection. When the case is made out the orders can be enjoined. Preserve the (captain's) document. Taou-kwang, 15th year, intercalary 6th moon, 26th day. (20th August, 1835.) H. M. S, RALEIGH, Macao, August 11th, 1835. Arrived last midnight His Majesty's Ship. Raleigh, Michael Quin Esq. commander, under jury masts, having sustained a very heavy Typhoon on the 4th and 5th instant, by which she was compel- led to throw 13 of her Guns overboard and cut away her quarter boats to relieve the ship. - - 134 THE CANTON REGISTER. The Typhoon was so overwhelming in its fºrce, that althé the Raleigh. had not a stitch of sail set from 11th P. M. of the 4th instant, her lee gun wale (starboard) was constantly under water up to the main hatchway .combings, and had not her hatchways been extremely well battened down the ship could not have lived. t on the 5th A.M. at 9° 30' the Raleigh took a lee lurch more heav V t'man usual and was at the same time struck with an overwhelming sea.”". panied with a force of wind so extraordinarily powerful that, unal-le to r s ºt such a combination, the ship was thrown compleatly over on iner b am-eld; and keel out: in this perilous situation she remained, with the major part of the officers and ships company (who with much coolness and activity cutte laniards of standing rigging) on her weather (larboard) broadside, about twenty minutes. When a heavy weather sea struck the ship under her keel on the lee bilge and she lifted so suddenly that the three masts and bows- prit went by the board and the ship righted, with not more than three feet and 3 water in her hold; and three hearty cheers from the ship's company alth& a greater loss might have been expected, we regret to state that ºne private marine, named Thomas Jacob, and one boy, named James Sparshott were drowned; many others were severely bruised. As interesting information, particularly to our nautical readers, concerning the indications of approaching bad weather given by the barometer, we subjoin, a paragraph taken from “Beechey's Voyage in the Pacific,” and also the variations of a barometer accurately taken at Macao dur- ing the late tyfoon by two American friends, and which they have kindly handed to us. We passed the Aleutian Islands on the night of the 14th, and as in the preceding year entered a region of fine clear weath r. The vol, and on oonemak was still emitting flashes, which were visiole at a very consile a ble distance. It being my intention now to make the best of my wry tº England, I directed the course towards California, for , the pur, ove of refitting the ship, and of recruiting the health of the ship's comp ny In this passage nothing remarkable occurred until the 29th of october, on which day the sun was eclipsed, when we were overtaken by a violent storin. beginning at S. E. and going round the compass in a siinilar manner to the typhoons in the China Sea. As the gale increased, our sals were gradually reduced, until a small storm staysail was the only canvass we could spread The sea had the appearance of breakers, and the birds actually threw them- selves into the water, apparently to escape the fury of the wind. About four in the afternoon, just before the gale was at its highest, th wind shifted sºld. denly eight points, and brought the ship's head to the sea, which ma e a l a breach over the forecastle. Anticipating a change of this nature, we for tunately wore round a few hours before it occurred,and escaped the consequen- ces which must have attended the stern of the ship b ing opposed to such brea kers. The barometor during this gale fell an inch in eleven hours, an rose the same quantity in five hours, standing at 23.4 when at its low, st a iºud . The temperature of the air rose nine degrees from eight in the morning to noon, and fell again to its former altitude at eight at night. Fall and Rise of the Barometer at Macao during the tyſoon of the 5th and 6th instant. 5th. 1.00 A.M. 29.47 6th. 0.45 A.M. 28.30 6th. 5.15 A.M. 29.02 2.30 P.M. 29.28 1.20 , 28.05 lowest. 6.00 m, 29.08 5.00 m, 29.20 1.25 , 28.08 6.45 m, 29.12 7.20 m, 29.12 1.45 , 28.20 7.45 m, 29.20 9.00 m, 29.08 1.55 , 28.30 8.15 , 2921 10.20 m, 28.95 2.00 , 28.37 8.45 .. 29.23 10.45 m, 28.90 2.25 , 28.56 9.30 m, 29.27 11.05 m, 28.85 2.45 , 28.68 10.25 m, 29.30 11.30 m 2875 3.10 , 28.75 11.00 m, 29.34 11.53 m, 28.65 3.40 m, 28.83 6th. 0.15 A.M. 28.50 4.10 , 28.90 0.30 m, 28.40 4.45 , 28.97 2.00 P.M. 29.42and continued rising to 29.65, at which it usually stands during fine weather. MACAO. 21st August, 1835. Dear Mr. Editor, The enclosed letter is from an English gentleman procee ling down to Macao with three friends (inside) with a red chop and in a chinese boat; the writer is of business habits and every word may be strictly interpreted. If the Portuguese soldiery are to be permitted to fire at us when legally travelling and the chinese encouraged in insulting and robbing us when moving about either legally or not, we English are in a fine situation; yet I 5. not some ignorant and insolent London journal will find a goo reason for vindicating the deed, because the Editor himself w is not in dan. ger of the bullet so wantonly fired. () MEGA. Macao, 10th August, 1835. As incorrect reports may reach you, regarding our adventure this morn- ing, I shall give you as full an account of it as time will perinit me. We were passing the Bar fort at 8 A. M. sitting on the top of the boat with umbrellas, when quite unexpectedly a musketball was fired at us from the Fort, which whizzed over our heads, and passed right through the sail. We had scarcely recovered from our surprise when another shot was fired, which passed right a head of us, and so near, that the crew, who were busy with the sculls, screamed out with fright, and instantly hove to. No doubt they hailed us from the fort, but as neither ourselves nor the boatmen ever expected any thing of the kind, no one thought of the matter; and if they did hail no heed was taken of it by us. I have written to Mr. Jardine on the subject, sending him copy of a representation to the governor of Macao, which I drew out, and we all signed. I leave Mr. Jardine to act as be pleases in representing the affair to the viceroy, under whose protection we were at the time, and who would have had to answer for our lives had we been shot. He ought in c.u.) to resent this aggression on the part of the Portuguese, were he properly to consult his dignity, SLANDER AND DEFAMATION. To Mr. John Slade, Editor of the Canton Register. Sir, In consequence of numerons false and malicious attacks on me in the Canton Register, but more especially in the number of the 11th August 1835, wherein you bring me forward, by name, as the person against whom such attacks have been levelled, highly injurious to my public and private cha- rattºr, and without the most remote foundation in fat; I hereby give you no i.e., that it is my intention to prosecute you for slander and defamation of character, whº never or wherever 1 can find you within the pale of Bii- tish law. Mic.o, August 10th, 1835. J. N. DANIELL. The foregoing letter was delivered to us in the even- ing of the 21st instant, by Mr. LeGeyt, who was accom- panied by Mr. Compton. Mr. LeGeyt was simply charged with the delivery of the letter. In this letter, as well as in that of “An Observer” in our last number, we have to complain of some obscurity. But we will endeavour to understand it in the spirit in which it appears to be written. We are, then, to be “prosecuted for slander and “defamation of character whenever or wherever Mr. J. N. “Daniell can find us within the pale of British law:" therefore. in Mr. J. N. Daniell's opinion, we are a slanderer and deſamer. Yet Mr. J. N. Daniell himselſ does not overtly accuse as of having made any “ſ.'se and malicious attacks” on him; but, e erring especially to our number of the 11th instant as his grounds of action, he says “we have brought ‘ him forward, by name, as the person against whom “such attacks have been levelled,” in the said number; and then follows his threat of prosecution. But in stating our opinion in the Register of the 11th instant, we did not become accessary to the fact; we did not then, nor do we now, say that the company's agents were guity of the charges, said by Viator to be generally asserted and generally believed; on the contrary, we separated ourselves both from the general assertion and i.e general belieſ by an avowal of our entire ignorance of the money-transactions of the E. I. co’s.. agents; we, there- fore, recommend Mr. J. N. Daniell not to throw away his money in a civil action against us on such a baseless plea, the result of which on one who has the least know- ledge of the law of deſamation can doubt; for in that paper we simply gave our undoubted opinion as to whom were indicated by Viator's questions; but in stating that opinion we by no means mixed ourselves up in any way with those questions ; and it will be much better for Mr. J. N. Daniell's character, if he will clear it from imputed shame and disgrace by answering, unreservedly, the ques- tious we proposed to the E I. co’s agents in our last number. “ He, that a fool doth very wisely hit, Doth very foolishly, although he smart, Not to seen senseless of the bob: ” But iſ Mr. J. N. 1)aniell will “suit his ſolly to the mettle of my speech”, we request him, to inform us when and where he wishes to meet us “within the pale of British law,” in order that we may face his prosecution as he may deem it right to bring it, either by indictinent or action. It may probably be in our power to neet him either in Singapore or Calcutta. But we can assure Mr. J. N. Daniell that something more than his flat denial of Viator's charges and a prosecu- tion against us is required to free him from suspicions. Since the receipt o' An Observer's letter, we have made enquiries into the repºrts respecting his proceedings of last year, and we have found that more than one person of honour and consideration in our very small community thinks that his conduct requires explanation; which every candid, every rightminded man would be ready—would be eager—to afford, when, by any untoward circumstances, his proceedings have been clouded by reports, although they have not even “the shadow of a shade of truth.” We have made an observation on the letters of Mr. J. N. Daniell and An Observer, which would almost seem to indicate a mutual conſidence between then, iſ it is not a link to prove that they are one and the same person; it is this: the wafer in the letter of An Observer is impres- sed with a seal of the same dinensions and shape as that of the sealing-wax of Mr. J. N. Daniell's letter; and the 136 THE CANTON REGISTER, We received the Calcutta Courier only this morning, and as tomorrow is our day of publication, other duties have prevented us from replying to it so fally as we desire. . Yet we trust our Calcutta contemporary, will be convinced from what we have now said-coupling it with what has occasionally appeared in this paper on the same subject —that our only desire is to thoroughly understand the work- ing of the system:—the principle we think is wrong; and we shall not be turned from our steadfast purposes by a sneer at Bulls—or a knowledge that, our contemporary. is equal to even Herculean tasks. From his former ob- servations and those we have now noticed, we beg to add that we cannot exclaim Er pede Herculem. Into the Register of the 4th instant we copied the address" of the inhabitants of Calcutta to Sir Charles Metcalfe; we now copy, from the Calcutta Courier, the reply of that distinguished Indian Functionary, which, from the laudatory remarks in the Bengal Papers, appears to have given the most pleasing and universal satisfaction. THE GöverNOR GENERAL's REPLY to the Andrºss OF THE INHABITANTS ON THE PROPOSED PRESS LAW. To the Inhabitants of Calcutta. in Town Hall, Assembled. GENTLEMEN,-On the part of my Colleagues in the Government, as well as on my own, I sincerely thank you for this testimony of your approbation of our proceedings, and for the obliging manner in which it is expressed, but highly as I prize your esteem, I will not underrate the character of this Address by regarding it as designed principally to convey a compliment. You have adopted this mode of giving authentic expression to public opinion, on a great question, in which the happiness of all India, it may be said of all the world, is concerned. 1 need not to you defend a proposed Law which you cordially anprove; but there may be some who are not satisfied, that it is either necessary or safe. I will therefore avail myself of this opportunity to state as briefly as possible the reasons by which it appears to me to be justified and recommended, To all who doubt the expediency of the Liberty of the Press, I would say, that they have to show that it must necessarily cause imminent peril to the public safety, such as would not exist without it, and cannot be avert- ed by Salutary Laws; for otherwise there can be no doubt, that freedom of pub ic discussion, which is nothing more than the freedom of speaking aloud, is a right belonging to the people, which no Government has a right to withhold. It also rests with them to show, that the communication of knowledge is a curse and not a benefit, and that the essence of good government is to cover the land with tarkness; for otherwise it must be admitted to he one of the most imperative duties of a Government to confer the incalculable blessings of knowledge on the people, and by what means c un this be done more effectually than ; the unrestrained liberty of publication, and by the stimulus which it gives to the powers of the mind? If their argument be, that the spread of knowledge mºy eventuallv be fatal to our rule in India, I close with them on that poi, t, and maintain, that whatever may be the consequence. it is our duty to communicate the benefits of knowledge. If India could only be preserved as a part of the British Empire by keeping its inhabitants in a state of ignorance, our domina- tion would be a curse to the country, and ought to cease. But I see more ground for just a prehension in ignorance itself. I look to the increase of knowledge with a hope that it may strengthen our Empire; that it may remove prejudices, soften asperities, and substitute a rational cºnviction of the benefits of our Government; that it may unit the people and their rulers in sympathy ; aud that the differences which separate them may be gradually lessened, and ultimately annihilated. Whatever, however, be the will of Almighty Provi lence respecting the future Govern- ment of India, it is clearly our duty, as long as the charge be contided to our hands, to execute the trust, to the best of our ability, for the good of the people. The promotion of knowledge, of which the liberty of the Press is one of the most efficient instruments, is manifestly an essential part of that duty. It cannot be, that we are permitted by divine authority to be here, merely to collect the revenues of the country, pay the establishments necessary to keep possession, and get into debt to supply the deficiency. we are doubtless here for higher purposes, one of which is to pour the enlightened knowledge and civilization, the arts and sciences of Europe over the land, and thereby improve the condition of the people Noth- ing surely is mare likely to conduce to these ends, than the liberty of the Press, Those who object to it are further bound to show th t it is not salutary for the Government and its functionaries to have the chºck of a Free Press on their conduct. and that the exercise of arbitrary power over a restric ed Press is preferable to the control of the Laws over a free one, assumptions which cannot be maintained. The time was, when the Freedom of the Press was considered as into- lerable for any class in India. I hat has passed away, and many now admit. that there is not much harm, and that there may be some good in gº anting it to Europeans, but still entertain apprehensions as to its injurious effects, if enjoyed by natives. I do not participate in those apprehensions, but of this I am sure, that to legislate in distrust of our native fellow subjects, or to legislate differently for them and for Europeans, in matters of right and liberty, would be extremely unwise and unjustifiable policy. The Press will always be under the saf guard of Laws, and Laws can be made where Laws are wanting. The existence of a local legislature, which can at any time provide for the safety of the State, should it be endangered, has removed the only formidable bar which before opposed the complete liberty of the Press. -- In addition to the motives, which must have existed on general principles for giving the fullest freedom, there were circumstances in the state of the Press in India, which rendered the measure now proposed almost unavoid- able. The Press had been practically free for many years, including the whole period of the administration of the late Governor-General, lord Wii- liam Bentinck, and although Laws of restriction existed in Bengal, which wº gave awful power to the Government, they had ceased to operate: for any practical purpose. They were ..". odious. . The gave to the Govern- ment arbitrary power, which British subj No Government could now have carried them into effect, without setting universal opinion, at defiance, After the liberty given by lord William: Bentinck's forbearance, no Government could have ventured to enforce those Laws, unless it had been gifted with a most hardy insensibility to ridicule and obloquy. Even supposing them to be good, they were utterly useless, and as they brought unnecessary odium on the Government, it would have been absurd longer to retain them. * - - In speaking of those Laws, I cannot refrain from adverting to the in- dividual, who having been at the head of the Government when they we'e - passed, bears all the blame of being their author. He was one of the best”. and purest and most benevolent of men, that ever lived. In proposing those * Laws, he must have been actuated, as he always was, by the inost upright and conscientious motives. Had he been now alive, and at the head of this Government, he would probably have been among the foremost to propose the abolition of those Laws, which he formerly thought necessary, but would now have seen to be useless and odious. To what à degree popular feeling prevails against them cannot be more strikingly shown, than by the ". detraction which they have brought on the memory of one, who was eminent- ly deserving of all praise, distinguished by great talents, and the mot important public services; the soul of honor and virtue, admired, beloved revered by all who knew him; but condemned by the public, who knew him not, solely on account of these Laws which they abhor. In the Bengal and Agra presidencies, the question was, whether the e Laws should be retained or abolished; Lnws, be it o' served, too unpopular to be execute 1, which in practice had in every respect become obsoletc. In the provinces subordinate to Bombay, there was the same quest o , but that was not the question in other parts of India. The question the e was, shall such laws beintroduced where they have not bect known 2 Sh II o lious restrictions be imposed where there is already perfect freedom Shaul desp tic power be substituted in the place of Law, or of liberty unres- trained even by Law 2 At Madras there was no local Law, and there were no means of making any person responsible for what was published. At the presidency of Bombay there was a Law, already existing, as free as that now proposed for all India. At Madras and Bombay, to have made any Law, short of perfect freedom, would have been to impose restrictions which did not before exist. Such a course would surely have been wrong, and was certainly unnecessary. A Law was urgently required at Madras, where- liberty existed without responsibility We could not legislate partially on such a subject; and the result of our deliberations was, that what is now proposed was the safest and the best Law that could be devised. It gives perfect." liberty, and all its subordinate provisions aim only at proper responsibility. Things eonld not remain as they were, and any Law of restriction would have been sad retrogression in legislation and totally opposed to the spirit of the age. You have alluded most justly to the difficulties that beset the framing" of a Law to restrain all excesses and injuries which may be committed by * means of the Press. On this point I fear Legislation is set at defiance. We cannot apparently enjoy the liberty of the Press without b ing exposed to its licentiousness. We must submit to the attendant evil for the sake. of the predominant good. Although the boundary between libertv and licentiousness is perc ptible enough in practice, it can hardly be defined by Law, without the danger of encroaching on useful liberty. The Laws of England have utterly failed to prevent the licentiousness of the Press, and yet perhaps could hardly be made more efficient withont endangering its freedom. Much therefore necessarily depends on the good sense and good taste of those who wield the power which the Press confers. The worst enemies of the Press are such of its conductors as destroy its influence by prostituting its use for the gratification of base passions. When public me sures are fully and freely discussed, and censured or approved, as may: be, in a spirit of candor and justice, the influence of the Press inust be great and beneficial. But when men find themselves the objects of gross personal surr,lity, without any reference to public measures, or real character and conduct, they may at first feel pain, because, sensitive men, with benevolent dispositions towards all their fellow creatures, grieve to perceive that they have rancorous foes, busily employed against them, but lurking in conceal- ment, the cause of whose enmity they know not, and whose wrath they have no power to appease, but they cannot respect the iustrument of unjust virulence, they must know that such attacks proceed froui personal hatred, or want ºn malignity, and they must learn to despise calumny which cannot be guarded against by any goodness of measures or any correctness of conduct. The proper influence of the Press is thus destroyed; and ultimately just censure, which would otherwise be respected and dreaded, is disregarded and discredited, and being confounded with the mass of indiscriminate abuse, loses its due effect. I entirely concur with you in the desire which you entertain, that if at any time actual danger to the state should render necessary, temporary or local restraints on the liberty of the Press, the precautions applied by the Legislature may be only commensurate to the real exigency, and that no restrictions may be made permanent beyond these which are necessary to ensure responsibility; and I trust that all legislation with a view to protect the community against licentiousness, will be in the true spirit of liberty. I am sensible of your kindness in the wish which you have expressed, that I may remain in my present office long enough to take a part in passing he proposed measure into a Law. For two reasons I entertain the same sh. I am natura'ly desirous of having a share in the completion of a ºv, which will I trust conduce to the welfare of India and mankind. I an also anxions to relieve the Governor-General elect from the responsibility of a measure regarding which long experience in India enables me to proceed with ºut hesitation. On the other hand there is a consideration, which will more than reconcile me to the transfer of this duty to the hands of the dislinguished nobleman appointed to this Office. Fully believing that all the prepossessions of a British Statesman, and especiallv of one, who has witnessed the inferiority of countries where the Press is enslaved, compared with his own, where it is free, must be in favor of the Liberty of the Press; I shall rejoice at his having an opportunity of commencing his administra: tion with an Act, which will at once establish a good understanding and a cordial feeling between the Head of the Government and the community over which he is to preside. June 20, 1835. C. T. METCALFE, DIED.—At Whampoa, on friday, the 21st instant, Captain Rostar PAttison, late of the ship Columbia. ects in any part of the world detest. . l º - T H E Qb3\1\DNI BlººlSUNEllis, “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. vol. s. Tuasday, sapramafia 1st, 1835. No. 35.5. Fº 50 CENTS (Advertisements, see Price Current.) ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N T O N. notices of the Imperial Government, and subjects connected with the natural history of the country, as well as the indigenous productions of the Chinese Empire, will, also, be seasonably and amply considered. It is intended that the Price Current shall be effective; that it shall contain a copious enumeration of Imports and Erports, with such remarks as may be explanatory of the state of the market, founded on authentic communica- tions, and confirmed by the commercial events of the week. - --- - The Paper will appear in two quarto sheets for the convenience of bind- Arrived the British vessels Hercu LeAN, King, from ing, and the price will be $12 per annum, or $7 half yearly, and 85 per Batavia 21st of July; FALcon, Ovenstone, from Calcutta; and PREMIER, Byron, from Madras 13th July. quarter; and the Pricc Current $4 per annum; all payable in advance. The individual on whom will devolve the editorial duties, aided, as he - - - - - trusts he will be, by the literary contributions of his friends, sanguinely By these opportunities we have received the English- anticipates being enabled to render the Canton Press, deserving the com- man to the 18th the Halfweekly Calcutta Courier to the Ilth and the Freeman's Journal to the 4th of July. In these papers the resignation of Sir Robert Pee ministry is positively asserted from private letters; Lo don papers of the 4th of April had reached Bombay, r porting the defeat of the ministry on lord John Russell's mendations of those who may countenance and uphold it. Canton, August 24th, 1835. Canton Press Office, w - No. 3, British Hong. l's n- We are happy to give publicity to the foregoing * | Prospectus; for we consider it is to the efforts of the - - - - - forei - ina, difficulties t r motion, the majority against them being 33 in a very full oreign Press in China, that the difficulties to a prope house. understanding on either side are to be explained away. The chinese of themselves will never do anything to extend º: º: j º- . º, . their intercourse with foreigners; and as all foreign inter- a Sunken and unmarked rock in nurecasteaux's channe - - - Cou t t fined to the affairs of commerce on the 12th of last April, when 134 out of 294 persons ourse is at present connned to 2 were lost. DR, foreigners themselves will scarcely be stimulated to any - derful - l thew have the important WYse, the surgeon-superintendent, had at the wonderful exertions so long as they hav p - - - - privilege of official rank in China; namely, being free from time 60 patients, 50, of whom were entirely bed-rid from the infliction of the punishment of the bamboo. When by *... It was hoped and indº Fºnerally, believed that the exercise of long and unrepressed insolence the police this fatal disease was nearly banished from European ves- magistrates shall venture upon twisting our thumbs with sels, and that it might be ranked with leprosy as a disease that had been. scantiness of provisions, but more immediately to th substitution of Cocoa for Oatmeal: - screws, slapping our mouths &c. with the bamboo, and Dr Wyse attributes the complaint to a general pping sending an order to the houses of agency to enter into a e - - sweet bond for the payment of some huudreds of thousands this a curious fact; - of dollars for the naval repairs &c. then we may expect the for Cocoa was the common breakfast in the fleets of foreigners of all nations will find it to be their interest to Great Britain during the last war; and if the beans were well pounded, the paste wellboiled, and the biscuit good unite and make common cause against the common enemy. - - - - - To further such desirable consummation, even before such it was always considered a palatable, nutritious, and whole- some food. Two hundred and an iron age arrives, we shall always be glad to join our - undisguised efforts and open help to our contemporary, to twenty crown-prisoners were on | iendl h of good of- board this illfated ship, of whom one hundred and twenty whom we have proposed a friendly exchange of g eight were lost. The conduct of these unfortunate men fices; and we are happy to say that our proposal was met - with as much willingness and frankness as it was made. is stated to have beeu excellent from the moment the ves- 8 THE PROVINCIAL CITY. 7th moon 1st day. (August 24th) Wang-chin-kaou, a sel struck. Two of them, Nelson aud Jones, distinguished themselves greatly on the fatal occasion, as well has having earned the commendations of Dr. Wyse for their merito- rious behaviour throughout the voyage. IP IR, O S P E C T US OF A NEW JOURNAL TO BE ISSUED WEEKLY. on satur DAY THE 12th of sepTEMBER will BE PUBLISHED the CANTON PRESS & COMMERCIAL PRICE CURRENT. THE introduction of an additional journal to the community of Canton has been sought with some solicitude; and it's annunciation has been received with those approving tokens, indicative of its importance on the one hand, and of it's expediency on the other. Free from the control of power, the influence of party, and the caprice of individuals, and subjected to no restraints but such as are consonant with those moral obligations which society imposes, it is anticipated, that the Canton Press will not only be conducive to general harmony, but that it will contribute, essentially, towards public information, and private amusement. It would be somewhat difficult, within the limits of a prospectus, to submit any distinct or definite principle on which it is designed that the journal should be conducted; but the public is respectfully assured, however, that its columns will be open to such literary effusions as may be adjudged interesting and instructive, and be inviolably closed against others having a wituperative tendency, or that aim at generating discord, and awakening dissentions. Considerable diligence and exertion will be made to acquire that early intelligence, both foreign and domestic, so indispensable in a community, exclusively commercial. like that of Canton. A detail of the edicts and major of the Heang-shan-hee's left division, seized 159 chests of cassia, and twenty three bags of cornelian stones, outside the Bogue, and also one fast-going-crab-boat. All has been forwarded to Canton, and delivered over for examination to the hoppo's office; and it is further request- ed that the seizure may be reported to the governor. 2nd. Three young vagabonds, apparently half-drunk, were madly staggering along the streets at night, and came to Te-seih-poo, where they entered the dwelling of a respectable family, taking it for a bad house, and proceeded to the inner rooms, and threw themselves down on the couches to sleep, chatting and laughing. But this place is not very distant from the Tsotang's office, and the people of the house immediately requested that officer to send ten or more police-runners, to lie in wait, to seize and carry them before the magistrate. Early on the morning of the 3rd the three fellows were slapped over the mouth with a bamboo, and besides they are to be, exposed outside the office one month to the public gaze. The 6th evening of the 7th moon is called “the assem- bly of the seven ladies;” and also—“the seventh evening worship.” and “fa ha- +-------- **-* * - - THE CANTON REGISTER. mercial business which shall be carried on for the pur- poses of the said government: i.e. of the British territories in India. And, because supplies of certain stores are purchased in the mother-country for the use of that distant colony—or integral portion of the British empire, if you will—and because those territories remain, for a further time, under the government of a joint-stock company which is to draw the moneys for the payment of the dividends on the stock, for stores, &c. from the said territories, therefore these remittances in their first stage are to be realized in China, (at the most favorable rate of Exchange to the Indian governments), where they are to be advanc- ed on homeward cargoes hypothecated to the company, who also kindly undertake to act as warehouse-keepers, tinkering up the broken tea-chests, as auctioneers, &c. &c. charging for the same. Now, supposing every part of these transactions, from the first payment of a dollar into the custody of the company's agents in Canton, to the final close in Great Britain, to be pure and open, is it to be contended that from this roundabout and intermeddling course of trading the company are not to abstain, by the meaning of the act of parliament quoted, because it is carri- ed on for the purpose of governing the British territories in India? If so, then the acts of the king, lords and commons in parliament assembled, the rights and the interests of the British people, meaning emphatically by them the people of Great Britain and Ireland, are all nuilities in comparison with the exchange on Bengal, and the remit- tance of the proceeds of opium. But the reductio ad absurdum is still more evident when the operation of the rate of exchange on the home market is considered; for supposing the rates all the foreign continental exchanges of Europe and America to be in favour of Great Britain, the fact is rendered useless to the encourage- ment of the productive industry of the country, because the demand for the results of that industry is lessened by partial protection to the natural products and commercial interests of another and distant portion of the empire;—for such is the desire for a favorable rate of exchange in China for government remittances, and the simplifying and facili- tating the opium dealer's returns to India. British manufac- tures are to be excluded from the markets of China, the products of China are to be enhanced in value, the power of the local governments over British subjects is to be perpetuated and encreased, whilst they smile with contempt on our divided councils—on the attentuated king and the bloated company—on the poor gentleman and the rich dealer—on the powerless executive and the unruly and insolent traitor!— As our correspondent has said, it is useless to argue with a man who denies first principles and self-evident propositions. Nor shall we presume further to urge the objections to this continuation of the company's trade in China; for the Chamber of Commerce has conclusively proved that it will, if continued, be the ruin of our commercial and political relations with this empire. The trade to China must be free; and we trust the people will settle the question, for it appears they have hitherto been bamboozled by a pretended assistance to further their own views in that matter. The gift blindeth the receiver. PARTY-SPIRIT AND Hypocris Y. To the Editor of the Canton Register, MacAo, 22d August. I835. Sir, I have but just this moment been favored with the perusal of “An Obser- ver's" letter inserted in your last number together with your remarks thereon.—Upon the point at issue between “Viator” and “An Observer” I shall for the present say nothing, allowing themselves to battle the watch as they best can; but with reference to your remarks on the insinuations contained in the latter's letter on the character of your paper as a Public Journal “I must beg leave to observe in the most polite, gentlemanly, and delicate manner imaginable” and at the same time to assert as “distinctly and unequivocally” as you do “that An Observer has said things that are not” that notwithstanding your vaunted dignity—the high authority you quote at the head of your paper in support of it's character—and your boast of being guided by the audi alteram partem maxim—your Journal is not—nor has it the slightest pretensions to being, a free one. —“sworn to no Master of no sect am I" is the rule of guidance to a free and independent press—but is this your case? Are you bound to no party? Are you sworn to no master 2—What- ever, Sir, may be argued from your motto, which is in fact nothing; inasmuch as - the advice of that most consummate of all hypocrites, Lord Chester- 139 field, in the assumption of a virtue which you have not-notwithstanding your constant rodonontadºs on the independence of your paper—or whatever your may say to keep up it's character with those at a distance and who are un- acquainted with the divided state of society at Canton, the fact that you ar a supported by a party, and that you do in all your editorial remarks advocate their principles and their views on all subjects is too notorious to admit of any doubt in the minds of those immediately present who may be possessed of common sense, penetration and impartiality—No Sir—until (with refer- ence to the present deplorable party spirit prevalent at Canton) you adopt a more conciliatory, but at the same time firm, decided and energetic tone, and until you are impartial and uncompromising in your editorial remarks, and in them are guided solely by an anxiety for the welfare of the community at large without reference to party spirit, your present insipid and mawkish productions will be but thrown by in disgust. Yours &c. VETO. MY DEAR WEto, Don't be offended—but pray allow me to ask you a question. Do you really think that you are really capable of any action that is “most poſite, gentlemanly and delicate”?—No—you know much better.—Now P. P.— I don't know him—and of course you don't, for he is a gentleman, I think— at least, I beg to be allowed to say, he is a much civiller person than you are, –P. P. says that I am impartial. So, my dear Veto, pray find P. P. out, and transfer your downight assertions respecting me to his hearing; you two can then settle the matter between you—for to me you are both immaterialists —ghosts—shadows of shades—and therefore intangible. Were you two both visible and material I should be most happy to greet you both ; P. P. with a friendly shake of the haud, and you, Veto, as you deserve; and you, doubtless can give a shrewd gness as to what you do deserve both for yourimpertinence and folly; firstly, it is extremely impertinent in you to ask so many ques- tions that are not pertinent. Secondly, if you are already convinced, from proved facts—pray bring forward one—that I am still a little boy and have got a great, big, surly master with a rod in his dexter—what folly it is in you to ask me questions which to yourself you have already answered? being both accuser and judge!—Now, will you allow me to ask you another question; don't veto it: pray, how many parties are there in Canton, and of which are you? I, really, have no objection to extend my acquaintance amongst decent and mannerly men of all parties; for. Quo me cunque rapit tempestas, deferor hospes. And you will allow we had a real tempest the other day; which frightened me very, much, for I was afraid some of my party—that is, my subscribers, might be borne, unwilling guests, from me.—But I have not room to say much more—as for those at a distance, which is a long way off, you know—too far for me to interfere—therefore they must Judge for themselves between you and P. P. And I dare say, if both of you tell the whole truth, you will be satisfactorily informed by them —who, , of course, must be presumed to be possessed of common sense, penetration and impartiality—as to whether I really am a cousummate hypocrite, and a sworn, subservient and orerawed party-slave—I, myself, am afraid, my dear Veto, that your bile has been rather too much stirred up—and that my late productions have been rather too searching and sharp–any thing indeed but insipid or mawkish, or they could scarcely have had such a brisk effect upon you, and caused you to pour forth to the world such a mordacious letter. But as I have a regard for individuals of a weak constitution, impeded diges. tion, and irritable temperament, I shall be less drastic in my practice for the future; for really, my dear Veto, I wish neither to kill nor disgust any of the community at large ; I, therefore, propose a general coalition; and if you will draw up propositions, and invite all parties to meet at my office and agree to them, I will not only insert them gratis in the Register, but I pro. mise you a good jollification on the happy occasion. In the meantime, believe. me to be, my dear Veto, your's ever and devotedly, The Editor of the CANtoN REGIsTER, To the Editor of the Canton Register My Dear Sir, I beg to forward for your perusal, an extract from a work entitled “Tutti Frutti,” by Prince Puckler Muskau, a name not unknown in the literary world. The remarks are so different from the opinions generally entertained here. on the subject, that you may perhaps think them worthy of insertion in your impartial journal. I am, My dear Sir, Your's Obediently, Macao, 26th August, 1835, Extract. “Very remarkable, though in another way, is the narrative of the voyages. of Lindsay and Dr. Gutzlaff on the coast of China. What astounded me, was not the reports of China, but the truly supernatural impudence of the English, which is here set forth. I must confess, that I have ever since entertained the greatest respect for the chinese government, and the wisdom of its regulations; nor after such an example, can I blame the chinese for thinking us barbarians. To ascribe their Christian forbearance to cowardice, is absurd, since a handful of men must have been overpowered by the masses opposed to. them, who were sufficient to have beaten them to death with umbrellas, The chinese evidently behaved, as reasonable men among us do, when they meet a drunkard, or a madman, who annoys them, and wish to get rid of him, as good naturedly as they can.-The most “naive” thing, is, the firm belief of our barbarians, that they are always in the right, even when they act contrary to good manners, and the law of nations. They could not un- derstand the astonishment, with which the mandarins looked at them, “as if “they were not human"—nay, so happy were they in their self-satisfac- tion, that they attributed the laughter, which all the spectators bestowed an the rudeness of the strange madmen—to approbation " Prince Puckler Muskaw may be a good authority on certain points concerning the etiquette—too often slavish and ridiculous —of the courts of the European contine at THE (DANIDADTI Lººls, Nº.2 “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. vol. 8. Tuesday, septem|BER 8th, 1835. PRICE. INTO. 36. } 50 CENTS Advertisements, see Price Current ) ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N T O N. Arrived the British vessels AGNES, Swan, ANN Lock- ERBY, Johnson, from Calcutta; MARY B1 BBY, -—, from Madras; URANIA, Ainsley, HoRMAs) ee BoMAN- Jee, Keys, from Bombay; St At ESMAN, Quiller, Lord AMH ERst, Rees, from Sourabaya. HelLAs, Scanlan, from Dublin, 2nd May, and Eliza Stew ARt, Millar, from London 4th May. The Hellas brought up some of the Earl of Balcarras's packets from Batavia. ~ By these opportunities we have received Calcutta, Ma- dras and Bombay papers of July, as well as the London journals to the 3rd of May. The Duke of Wellington in the house of lords and Sir Robert Peel in the house of commons announced their res- pective resignations of office and also of all their col- leagues, on the 8th of April. The ministry had been defeated in four successive divi- sions connected with questions relating to lord John Rus- sell's motion on the Irish church, and on the previous night, the 7th of april, on lord John Russell's motion, “That it is the opinion of this house that no measure upon the subject of tithes in Ireland can lead to a satisfactory and final adjustment which does not embody the principal con- tained in the foregoing resolution"—the majority against them was 27. Lord Melbourne had returnd to office as premier, with Mr. Spring Rice as his chancellor of the exchequer; Lord Palmerston is again the foreign, Mr. C. Grant is the colonial, and Lord John Russell the home secretary Lord Mulgrave is lord lieutenant of Ireland, with lord Morpeth forbis secretary. Addresses to H. M. and Sir Robert Peel had been sent in from all parts of the U. K.—Up to the 15th of april they amounted to 526. In the new ministry the Great seal had been put in com- mission. The last time this was done was from May 1792, to the beginning of February 1793, when the seals had been taken from lord Thurlow. The present lords commissioners are Sir Charles Pepys, Master of the Rolls, Sir Launcelot Shadwell, vicechancellor of England, and Sir John Bernard Bosanquet, one of the judges of the court of Common Pleas. - We invite attention to the “Observations of the Cham- ber of Countnerce and Manufactnres at Manchester,” on the E. I. co’s bill agency in China; as well as to the letter from Mr. Backhouse respecting the postage of letters &c. from China, which, if sent by private hands, are free from all postage. And we can state from good authority that the application from Canton has led to the reduction of nearly three fifths of the former charge of postage; single letters by the Charles Grant having been charged only 8d; and a packet that weighed 43 oz. only 12s 9d.—or 19 letters —being at the rate of 8d per letter, and Id for the packet to the person who delivered it to the post-office at Ports- mouth. Previous to this application to the government the same packet would have been charged £1.13.3. Extracts from two private letters, which are inserted in another place, give the melancholy details of the loss of two lieutenants and nine men of H.M.S. Melville, off the Cape 1 -- TIE IIE PE.OVINCIAI, CITY. Seventh moon, tenth day. September 2nd. Kang, the Che heen of Sin-hwuy-heen, sent in custody to Canton Chang-shing-Tsae, and another, they being two of the plunderers of the Troughton; as also dollars 1616, of the stolen money. On their arrival in the city they were delivered over to the governor for examination. It is reported that Wang, the new criminal judge, strolls on foot about the streets of the city and suburbs, attended only by his lantern bearer, when he visits the gambling houses, brothels, and opium-smoking-shops; these places are, therefore, shut up now at 9 o'clock. It is also said that he directs many of his servants to scatter themselves about and “run up all manner of streets”; and report accordingly. Of Wang, the Heo-yuen the chief literary officer in the province, it is said that he is very fond of wine; and that he punishes daily more than six catties—about five pints—of Fun-tsew, a celebrated wine of Shan-se, Fourteenth of the moon (September 6th) To day Wang, the Heo-yuen, Tsan-hwa i. e. “sticks flowers” in the caps of the new civil and military Tsew-tsae graduates. Therefore, all the Tsew-tsaes on this day wear red caps, in the top of these caps two small golden flowers are stuck. They dress themselves in blue outer garments, which are called Kung- j th, round which is thrown a red silken wreath; round their necks and on their shoulders they have a Pe-keen; and on their legs black satin boots. They are carried in sedan-chairs. They first go and worship Kung foo-tsze—Confucius. They afterwards go altogether in procession to the office of the Heo-yuen, and wait until he comes out and confers a pair of golden flowers, a red wreath, and a cup of wine on each of them, which they drink, and then bow and return thanks to the Heo yuen; they then leave the hall one by one. Each of them are attended by their relations and friends, with drums, music and streamers, who accompany them on their return home. When they arrive at their homes, they first knock head and worship their ancestors, then their parents, then their more distant relations who are assembled in the house. The next day they prepare pre- sents and visit their tutors, and also again go to the Heo- yuen's office to return thanks. Such is the fashion of the Tsan-hwa ceremony, DeAth of Prince Augustus of Portug AL. From the Supplement to No. 75 of the Diario do Governo. “LISBON, MARch 29. “A premature death has just torn from the hopes of the army, from the heart of H. M. F. and from the affections of all true Portuguese, his Royal Highness the Prince Don Augustus, who died of angina ( quinsey) at twenty minutes after two o'clock yesterday afternoon. The Prince descends to the tomb in the flower of his age. Scarcely two months, had elapsed since his arrival in Portugual; yet in that short time he had won for himself public sympathy and esteem; and the friends of the constitutional throne regarded him as a firm support both of that throne and of the national liberties. Providence has, however, thought fit to deprive us of him, and to its decrees we must submit ! “The order of the day and the other official documents subjoined show with what prudence the difficulties in which this unfortunate event might involve us have been met; for the elevation of the Duke of Terceira to the command in chief pro tempore is of itself a guarantee for tranquillity and confidence. “Her Majesty the Queen, iu testimony of grief for the death of her august spouse, wishes that deep mourning may be worn for the space of three months; and half mourning for a similar period.” SPECIAL ORDER. * Head-Quarters, San Joao Praça, March 28. .." In fulfilling the painful duty of annonncing to the army the premature 142 THE CANTon REGISTER. Curta Regia and decree, which are annexed, the distinguished honour which Her Most Faithful Majesty has conferred on me by intrusting to me, pro temporc, the chief command of the army. Companion in the labours, dangers, and fatigues, which the military of every class have faced with inimitable firmness, and sharer in the glory which they acquired in the heroic enterprise of restoring the legitimate throne of the Queen, and the liberty of their country, I am fully entitled to expect from the generals, officers, sub-officers, and the soldiers, evey aid towards maintaining that throne and those institutions which have cost us s much blood, aud, so many painful sacrifices. For my part, I shall not fail to employ all my efforts, and do all that my faculties will permit, to continue to deserve the confidence which the army placed in me during the most hazardous crisis; and I am certain that by union, which is the source of real strength, and by discipline and good conduct, of which so many proofs have been given, the troops will know how to maintain the reputation they have acquired, and to gain the esteen of their fellow-citizens. “Duke of TER CEIRA. <- CARTA REGIA. “Honourrd Duke of Terceira, Peer of the Kingdom, Marshal of the Army, my Cousin, I, the Queen, send you much greeting. “The command in chief of the army having become vacant by the fatal and unexpected event, the death of the Prince Don Augustus, my dearly beloved and much-valued spouse, whom may God have in glory, and it being necessary to provide as soon as possible for that important command, and desiring to give to the said army proofs of my consideration and esteem for its eminent services, I have been pleased by decree of this date to charge you pro fempore with the said command, as the senior General; confident from your knowledge, zeal, and patriotism, and the interest you take in the prosperity of the nation and its liberties, of which at the head of the Por. tuguese troops you have given so many proofs, that you will faithfully discharge this honorable and important commission. Wherefore I com- municate this to you for your information, and the due execution thereof. “Written in the Palace of the Necessidades, March 28, 1835. “THE QUEEN. ** Conde de VILLAREAL. … Tº the Dnke of Terceira, Peer of the Kingdom, Marshal of the Army.” - LAst MoMENTs of PRINCE AUGUSTUs. A letter from Lisbon gives the following particulars of the last moments of this woung Prince. On Friday morning he was fully sensible of his danger, and a weakness with which he was seized assured him that his end was nigh. He desired that the sacrament should be administerod to him. “I know,” said he, “that I am dying—confiding, I hope, in God and a pure conscience, but it would have been sweet to live and labour for the happiness of Portugal.” A few ins- tants afterwards he was no more. It was necessary to tear the Queen from the death-bed, and an hour later force was also resorted to to remove the Empress. Deeply afflited, she sat by the bed-side, with the hand of the dying Prince in hers, vainly trying to count pulsations which had already ceased, and striving against the certainty of her misfortune. The two Princes- ses are a prey to despair. The Times April, 18. France.—The affairs of the American Indemnity Bill excites much atten- tion at Paris, and seems to have produced some discord in the Cabinet. Mr. Livingston, the American Ambassador, considers the condition of M. Velaze, of not making any payment till satisfaction was given by the president for the offensiveness of the Message, as more degrading than a flat refusal to pay at all—for one would be a simple injustice, whilst the other is an insult. M. Thiers blames the facility with which the du've de Broglie suffered the amend- ment of M. Velaze to pass, and in these views he is supported by M. Guizot. The Duke, on the other hand, has with him M. Humann, the Finance Minis- ter, who adheres to the letter of the amendment, and refuses to part with a single sous until the required satisfaction be tendered. The Courier Francais says that Mr. Livingston, loudly asserts that neither the present president of America nor his successor, whoever he may be, will consent to retract or ex- plain the Message of president Jackson; that Congress will not interfere with his prerogative or influence his resolution; and that, moreover his (Mr. Livingston's) return to America would in all likelihood be followed by the However, the passing of a non-intercourse bill with regard to France. - Constitution, Commodore Eliott, has gone to Cherbourg, and on entering the harbour saluted the batteries and king's ships. MR. W. H. C. PLOW DEN. The silver vessel presented to W. H. C. Plowden, Esq., late chief of the Company's Factory at Canton, by the eleven hong merchants, on his quitting China, has been made by Messrs. Braithwaite and Jon s, of Čockspur Street. It is an enriched Tazza Centre Piece, 26}, inches in height, composed of a triangular panelled tripod base, three Chinese man- darins, in full costume, sitting under a stem, composed of a group of palm trees, with tea, cotton, and orange shrubs; tea-chest, swan-pan, jar, &c. &c., surmounted by a waved-edged lotus bowl, with richly chased wreath of flowers in high relief. It bears, as an inscription, the address presented by the hong merchants, inserted in our 15th Vol. p. 220. This is the first present ever made to any European by Chinese. (Asiatic Journal, May, 1835.) DANISH ASIATIC COMPANY. Accounts frem Holstein state, that the Asiatic Tea Company, established under the royal sanction in Copenhagen, is about to be dissolved, in conse- quence of the extent of its liabilities, for which no provision has been made. —London Paper.—Ibid. NEW EASTERN BISHOPRIC. It is said that His Majesty's government has decided that the Australian colonies of New South-Wales, and Van Dismen's Land, now forming an archdeaconry subject to the See of Calcutta, shall be erected into a separate and independent bishopric, the seat of which will be fixed at Sydney. The appointment has been offered to Archdeacon Broughton, now in this county, who, it is expected, will be consecrated to the episcopal office previously to his return to Australia.-Ibid. SALE OF THE EAST-INDIA COMPANY'S WAREHOUSES. On the 14th April, a numerous meeting of the merchants and others, interested in the East-India and China trade, took place in the principai sale-room of the East-India house, a strong competition having been anti- cipated among capitalists and the East-India and other Dock companies to obtain possession of the Company's warehouses in Crutched-friars and Billiter-street, which had been declared for sale. The first put up were the warehouses in Crutched-friars. The upset was announced to be £36, 000. A strong competition took place between the agents of an extensive commercial firm and the East-India Dock Company, and the biddings ran up to £60,500, when a third bidder appeared. After some further competi- tion, the property was knocked down for £70,500, the purchasers being the East-India Dock Company. The next property offered was the Com. panv's private-trade warehouses in Billiter-street, occupying an area of 11,050 superficial feet. These, warehouses were put up at £15,000, and were sold to the East-India Dock Company for £16,000.—Ibid. IMPORTATION OF TEA TO THE CAPE. So much of the 6th George IV., intituled “An Act to regulate the Trade of the British Possessions Abroad,” and of the Orders in Council, dated Feb. 22.1832, as prohibits the importation of tea into the Cape of Good Hope, except from the United Kingdom, or from some other British pos. sessions in America, unless by the East India Company or with their license, is declared by Order in Council to be rescinded and revoked.—Ibid. It will be seen by the following extract of a letter from the Honorable Court of Directors, that the circumstance of descent, or whether the candidate for a Cadetship, be of pure or mixed blood, no longer forms a provisio u on which exclusion from the service is sought to be based, as was wont tº be the case, and continued so, even after the passing of the new East India act had abolished all such invidious distinctious; however the Hono- rable Court it would seem, although tardily, have now tacitly acknowledged the principle, that neither caste nor color any longer forms an impediment to admission. into their military service, and by so doing only make a just ºnent for the injury and cruel injustice they too long perpetrated towards India. No. 248 of IS35. The following Extract from a Letter from the Hono- rable the Court of Directors in the Military Department, dated 11th March 1835, No. 19, is published for the information of the Army. Para. 1. “We have appointed Mr. J. Mylne now on his passage to India per “Abercrombie Robinson.” a Cadet of Infantry on your Establishment, provided he is not under the age of sixteen or above twenty-two years, and that, agreeably to our resolutions of the 19th June 1835 he has not been dismissed from the Army or Navy, the Royal Military College at Sand- hurst, the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich or from any other Public institution for immoral or ungentlemanly conduct, and that he produce a 㺠icate signed by two practising Surgeons of his fitness for military uty. 2. “Upon your being satisfied as to the above particulars, we direct you to admit him a Cadet of Infantry and administer to him the usual Oath of fidelitv to the Company. 3. “His order of rank will be transmitted at an early opportunity.—The Freeman's Journal, July 6. - C.A. IP LE = May, 6–H. M. Ship Melville, Captain Hart, from Bombay March 17, bound to England, bearing the flag of Vice Admiral Sir John Gore, K. c. s. Passengers, His Excellency Lord Clare, and Honorable Captain Cavendish. —Brings a mail. We have been favored with the following particulars of a melancholy event which happened on board His Majesty's Ship “Melville” on her voyage from India to the Cape of Good Hope — On the 30th April, being about 33 leagues to the eastward of Algoa Bay the weather towards sun-set confirmed the appearance which the day had ex: hibited, of an approaching storm, and rendered it necessary to reef the courses and make the ship snug for the night. In performing this operation a man named Phillips fell from the fore-yard over board. Lieutenant John Gore who was then on the poop, immediately jumped into the larboard quarter boat. and, observing the man could not swim, from thence into the water, in the hope and confidence that he should be the means of rescuing him before he could, pass, the ship. The quarter boats were lowered with all expedition and the life-buoy let go. Lieutenant Fitzgerald took command of one boat. and Lieutenant Hammond of the other. Before the boats were fairly in the water, Lieutenant Gore was close to the ship, asking where the man was. He was told to strike out for the life-buoy which was then a short distance astern. This he did, swimming very lightly and apparently with much vigour. The boats immediately pulled in direction of the life-buoy, but on reaching it neither Lieutenant Gore nor the man were to be seen The boats rowed about for some time, the sea running very high, and the wind freshening, but met with no better success, and returned toward the ship. Lieutenant Hainmond and his crew reached her in safety—not so with Fitzge- rald, whose boat when within hail of the ship to windward was swamped by one of those hollow seas which are peculiar to this latitude, breaking directly into her. Their voices were heard calling to the ship, and the word swamp or swamping was distinguished. . By this time it was dark; the sea had risen to a fearful height, and the wind had increased. The quarter boat was, however, again lowered, for she had been hoisted up directly lieutenant Hammond returned, in the hope that she might render some assistance, and guns were fired to let them know our position. The boat could not get to windward, and was obliged to return. We heard no more sound save that of the hoarse wind moaning over our lost and lamented companions. Thus in a space of time less than an hour, were lost to their parents, their friends: and their country, two gallant, promising young officers, and 8 seamen; and most appalling ! an affectionate father was doomed to witness the loss of an only and beloved son, in whom the fondest hopes were cherished, and for whose welfare in life many an anxious thought had been endured, Mysterious are the ways of God to man, and where astounding and awful THE CANTON REGISTER. --- - 143 visitations such as these are sent, submission and silence becomes his duty. Ibid.—July 16. We now had a calm until the 30th April, when it came on to blow a gale about sunset. In reefing the courses, a man fell from the star- board fore yard arm. John Gore, the Flag Lieut., only son of Sir John Gore, jumped after him, but the mau had gone down. Gore then asked where the life buoy was, and we could not direct his attention to it, although it was very near him to leeward, burning bright- ly. We then piped away the 1st and 2d Cutters, Hammond in one, and Fitz-Gerald in the other. Hammond soon returned, but Fitz-Gerald pulled to the life buoy, but by this time poor Gore and the man had sunk. We then fired a gun to recall Fitz-Gerald, and in returning, a tremendous hollow sea broke over the boat, and swamped her. A dreadful cry now arose from the boat, which was painfully and distinctly audible to us, as we could render them no assistance; and, to add to our anxiety, the shades of night were gathering fast around us. We sent way the 2d cutter again, but the gale had increased so much that she could not pull to windward; and poor Gore, Fitzgerald, and eight seamen had the ocean for their resting place. Strange as it was, when all hope for their safety was at an end, the storm immediately abated. The Admiral was a witness of his son's danger from the stern ports, but Lord Clare very judiciously withdrew his attention from the scene of horror whilst the poor fellows were drowning. The melancholy circumstances were afterwards cautiously communicated to him, when he fell senseless on the deck, and on recovering, continued all night in hysterics. He is now pretty well. On the following day we had some heavy squalls, between which, divine service was performed, and the funeral service was read. The following day we had fine weather, and arrived in Table Bay on the 6th May, making exactly seven weeks since we left Bombay. VETO AND THE E. I. CO'S BII, L AGENCY. Macao, 29th August, 1835. To the Editor of the Canton Register, Sir, –To illustrate the remarks contained in my letter to you of the 22nd instant on the character of vour paper, it would only be necessary to open, at any part, a file of the Canton Register for 1331 or 35, but for the present I shall content myself with doing so from your last number. It being an established axiom that the conductor of a free and indepen- dent press our'at to be guide i solely in his views and Elitorial remarks on all subjects an upon all questions involving the public welfare by an anxiety for the interests of the community at large without reference to party interest, he ought therefore to be an enemy to all monopolies which reserve to the few, privileges that ought to be equally open to all, and which clog that spirit of enterprise the source of the wealth of nations: but in this light the Compa- ny's Finance Committee cannot be considered, in as much as that they having been established without any special privilege the money market is open to all private speculators either individually or collectively who may choose to enter it;-And as the preater portion of a community consists of those labour- ing under the disadvantages attendant upon the possession of either no capi- tal at all or but very little, he ought to advocate those laws, institutions, or establishments which have for their object the benefit of this class.-Now, Sir, such an establishment I take it the Finance Committee is, consequently it must be an invaluable desideratum in China, notwithstanding you oppose it, and in doing so, with what pretensions you can afterwards claim the title of a liberal and independent press is to me inexplicable. There can hardly be greater enemies than two rival commercial houses; and an Editor that identifies himself with the interests of one without refe- rence to the interests of the public will undoubtedly incur the imputation of being bias'd by party spirit.—Yes, Mr. Editor, whoever you may be, for “that is the question” it is too self-evident from your comments on the com- pany's finance committee that this is your case, that “thou art the man,” and that your sole object is for “effect”—not here, for it would be in vain, but wherever the constituents of your party may be. In conclusion, Sir, allow me to compliment you on the Otium cum dignitate of your Editorial remarks on “Mr. J. N. Daniell's” letter, as well as for the open and manly way you adopted of trying to identify his communication with that of “An Observer” reminding me of the mode which the old gossips at home have recourse to in discovering the important secret of the correspon- dence of two lovers or the scandal of a village. It is an opinion pretty generally received that on certain occasions and with certain persons the most valid reply is silence, I only regret that Mr. Daniell did not adopt this mode of replying to your remarks. - - Yours obediently, VETO. - . Ecce iteriam Crispinus. Except that his syllogism is clumsily and indistinctly stated, it is easy now to perceive that Veto is a thorough-paced radical. He means to argue thus:–it is the duty of an independent Editor to support the many against the few; the finance committee is for the interests of the many: therefore it is his duty to support the finance committee. But his minor is a mere petitio principii; and his major ranks him at once amongst those who will go the whole hog to gain their whole end. No privilege is his cry, but give us higgledy-piggledy-fraternization. His argument is for numbers against property, the poor against the rich; the Pennyless and unprincipled speculator against the trading capitalist. Why, does not this defence of the company's China agency at once sink them to mere Pawnbrokers? Ah! Veto, we are not surprised that you have cut your self with the tools you have attempted to use, and that you are bothered with your own non sequitur; but until you can argue more logically we must still “claim the title of a liberal and independent press.” Two rival commercial houses in Canton only? We can reckon a dozen British, besides the Indo-British and American firms—the latter, by the way, from their acti- vity and diligence, likely to prove most formidable rivals in the British trade to and from China. But Veto, with re- ference to you own argument, do pray take the trouble to refer to the Register of November 11, 1834. No. 45. which contains the “Statement of Objections &c.” And then say, if you can, that we have “identified ourselves with the inter- est of one commercial-house without reference to the inter- ests of the public.” Read the Editorial remarks in that paper, and the list of the names of firms and individuals who signed the “Statement of Objections;” and if you then still doubt that we havemisunderstood or neglected the interests of the community at large, read the statement of the Cham- ber of Commerce of Manchester, which you will find else- where in our columns of to day. For an answer to “the question,” we beg to refer Veto to the notice at the bottom of the last column. “Old gossips” sometimes make very shrewd guesses. “An Observer” belied us; and whoever he may be, as he has not made any attempt to prove the assertions of his letter, the conclusion must be that that he is content to remain concealed under the imputations which our reply fixed on him. We can perfectly understand Veto's regret that Mr. J. N. Daniell did not observe silence; perhaps Mr J. N. 1)aniell may also himself feel regret from the same cause- It was and is his own affair; and he is the best judge whether silence on the subject of Viator's charges, or on the remarks which we thought it our duty—as being “anxious for the interests of the community at large”—to make re- garding them, would have been or will be the most valid reply to those charges or to those remarks. We think silence would have been best for Mr.J.N. Daniell and his friends; for if “An Observer”, when he rashly volunteered a defence of Mr. J. N. Daniell, had not attacked us, we should most pro- bably never have asked the searching questions respecting the notices of the E. I. Co's agents of the 14th and 18th of october, 1834, in our paper of the 18th of august. But under present circumstances, -which have been brought about, firstly, by the misguided zeal of Mr. J. N. Daniell's friends, and secondly, by his own chivalric threat of prose- cuting us, -whether silence will be the best for Mr. J. N. Daniell, we, as an impartial spectator of events, have a doubt; but in this case we are not impartial; we should be extremely glad to see Mr. J. N. Daniell free himself from all suspicions; and we offer him our aid to do so; for we shall not hesitate a moment in giving up Viator's name to Mr. J. N. Daniell if he asks for it. And we can fix the letter signed Viator on the proper person by a proof that will be admitted by all to be, when seen, conclusive. But we have no doubt that if Mr. J. N. Daniell would publicly call for his accuser, Viator would at once avow himself. We now take our leave of Veto, and the subject matter of his letter. Thomas Weeding Esq. Foreign Office, March, 1835. Sir, I am directed by His Grace the Duke of Wellington to acknow- ledge the receipt of your letter of the 4th ultimo, stating that von had been requested by several Merchants residing at Canton to apply to His Majesty's Government to give directions to the Post Office to forego the inland postage upon Price Currents, Newspapers, and patterns of goods received from Chi- na, and that the same might “be transmitted free of postage, agreeably to “the custom which prevailed under the East India Company's Charter.” In reply I have to acquaint you that this application having been referred to the Post Office for the consideration of the Post Master General, an ans- wer has been received from that department, from which it appears that, under the existing Acts of Parliament Letters and Packets of any description may be sent to or received from China without the intervention of the Post Office: nor has any thing occurred in the practice of that department to in- terfere with that indulgence.—If however, letters are brought from China and delivered to the Post Office, such letters are liable, under the act of tha 9th of Queen Anne, to be charged with the inland rates from the Port at which they may have been landed to the places to which they may be address- ed, and an additional sum of one penny which is paid to the bringer. It further appears that with respect to Newspapers, Price Currents, and Packets of patterns from China, which may be delivered to the Post Office, although there is no alternative but to charge them with the full rate of postage in 144 THE CANTon REGISTER. º : +he first instance, yet it has been the practice of the Post Master General to exercise a discretionary power in these cases, and to reduce the charges ac- cording to the circumstances of each case, on an application being made to him by the parties to whom the Packets may have been addressed. These different Articles being thus already favoured beyond any other description of letters &c. whatever, the Post Master General conceives that if 'the request which you have put forward were to be complied with, the same indulgence could not be refused to similar articles from any other parts abroad, a privilege which is not enjoyed by those even which originate in this country; and he is therefore of opinion that the application of the merchants in China cannot with propriety be acceded to. I am, Sir, Your most obedient, humble Servant, (Signed.) J. BACKHOUSE. Observations Respecting the Finance Operations of the Honorable lie East India Company in India and China. Competition on the part of a sovereign power is incompatible with the genéral interests of trade, and hurtful to those of individuals who may be brought into contact with such power. This principle has been acknowledged by the legislature of the country, and is responded to by the unanimous voice of the trading public. The operations of the Honorable East India Company in advancing money in India and China, on the security of goods consigned to them in this country, are considered to be, not only ..", mercantile and manufacturing community of Great Britain, but hurtful to the interests of the company itself, and contrary to the spirit of the late act of parliament, which stipulated, that the trading capacity of the company shall be in abeyance during continuance of the present charter; this restriction being considered essential to the interests of the private merchant. - - Trading in money by a sovereign body is as hurtful to the beneficial enterprise of individuals as trading in anything else. The honorable company have made advances on the security of eastern produce at Calcutta, consigned to Leadenhall-street, at a rate of exchange disproportionate to the existing rates in London, and to the rates which the cost of a transmission of bullion would justify; and they have recently established a finance committee at Canton, for the surpose of effecting exchange operations there, thus extending (most unnecessarily and im- properly it is conceived) an interference with the natural course of mer- cantile affairs in a manner they have no right to do. with equal right might they establish agencies at Batavia, Manila, or in other foreign countries, and take up the position of bankers for the whole of the eastern world. The controlling power which they would thus acquire over the exchanges, and consequently over the value of all imports and exports from the east, cannot be contemplated without the most serious apprehension. The nature of the trade between this country and China is essentially one of barter. The advances advertised to be made by the company at Canton, causing the expectation of a superabundance of money for investment in tea, silk, and other produce of China, have already had the effect of enhancing the prices of those articles there, to the benefit of the Chinese, and to the disadvantage of the British merchant, whilst on the other hand (the Chinese tuader being enabled to obtain cash for his produce, which, under other circumstances, he would gladly have exchanged for the produce of our manufacturing industry,) the value of our manufactures has been greatly depreciated. The rates of exchange have been also most seriously and injuriously affected. - Previously to the operations of the honourable company at Canton towards the end of August last, the exchange on London was at from 4s. 10d. to 5s. for a Spanish dollar, and that on Bengal at 204 Sicca rupees for 100 dollars. The company's finance committee advertised on the 18th October last, that they would make advances on homeward cargoes at 4s. 7d. per dollar, and altered the rate of exchange on Bengal to 208 rupees for 100 dollars, causing the enormous and destructive fluctuation in the value of money of from 51% to 9 rº, (average 7) per cent. in the exchange on London, and about 2 per cent, in that on Culcutta. Silk, about the end of August, cost 335 dollars per pecul; on the 18th of October it had advanced to 380 dollars, being nearly 11 per cent, and this in the face of an abundant crop about to come into the market, and with the knowledge at Centon, at the latter date, of a falling market in England. - - Tea has been affected in a similar manner, and to fully as great extent. British manufactured goods have been depreciated 25 per cent. fr. value, taking iuto consideration the rate of exchange at which they can be remitted for. it is not the amount of the operations of the company which has, in the mean time, caused these great fluctuations, but the apprehension of the random procedure that may be adopted. The history of the former trade of the company has shewn, that, except when protected by a monopoly, they have constantly lost their own mºney, and have caused severe losses to individuals; and it is not a probable inference, from the facts above stated, that there will be now any im- provement. - - - - The expense of the company's finance establishment in China, will be heavy. Two tea tasters are said to have been engaged to ascertuin the value of the tea advanced upon. If the company make advances on silk, they must appoint an agent to value that alsº, There are several members of the finance committee (some, if not all of them, directors' sons.) prejudicial to the probably with a secretary and with the usual profusion of the company, these individuals will, no doubt, derive large emoluments, which, added to the expenses of office and other incidents, will amount to a large per centage on a small banking business. ... If the business transacted be large, so much the more will the mercantile and manufacturing interests of this country suffer. The general trade to India and China should not be subjected to the capricious dealings of a sovereign body, whose finance operations are thus regulating and controlling, or at least greatly interfering with the exchanges over all India and China, and thus disturbing the value of all commodities exported from and imported into Great Britain from thence; nor should it be subjected to the management of a finance committee composed of indivi- duals closely connected with mercantile establishments at the same place, thereby exciting suspicion and distrust in the body of merchants. The system of advancing a large portion of the value of a shipment to London, will have a tendency to bring adventurers in the trade, who will be enabled by the advances of the company, to enter recklessly imio operations on more favourable terms than capitalists in this country, who would willingly employ a su licient amount of capital in the trade, were they divested of the apprehension of interference on the part of the company. There can be no doubt that the superabundance of unemployed capital in Great Britain, would flow in to any channel which presented a safe and profitable rospect of employment; but the uncertainty attending the course of ow ration of the Hºnourable FastLndiaCompany.(who do not appear to be guid- ed and influenced, and who do not act upon the same motives and rules which guide individuals.) deters capitalists from investing money freely in the trade to the east, which of itself would be of great benefit to India. From the peculiar situation of the Honourable Company, a cause unfortu- nately exists for a certain degree of interference with the trade to the country over which it presides. It is, however, the paramount duty of the rulers of that country, not only to guard the interests of India, but to combine them with those of this country, by adopting the best means which can be devised for effecting these ends. The removal of all unequal and excessive duties in this country, on the productions of our possessions in the east, would greatly benefit both countries; but leaving this point out of consideration for the present, and in order to meet the necessity which exists for the transmission to this country of a large por- tion of the company's revenue under the present state of things, it would appear, that by opening the treasury in Leidenhall-street, at a fair and proper rate of exchange, and by shutting the treasuries in India and China, there would be paid into their hands at Leadenhall-street, an amount adequate to the neces- sities of the con pany, whilst by this mode of operation much of the existing evil would be removed. When the cºmpany's treasury in London grants bills on Bengal, they are drawn at two months' sight, for which money is immediately paid into the trea- ury here: these bills reach Calcutta in a out 4 months after they are drawn, nd are paid b, the company in India in about 64 months afer they recei e the money in London. When the company advance money at Calcutta, they are ep id in this cºuntry about 12 months after date, which (making an allowance of month ſo, the oportuuity of investment and negociatiºn at Calcutta)makes a difference of 19 months in the time when the amount is received into the trasury in Lºndon, which at 5 per cent. per annum (the rate of interests at which the larger portion of the company's debt has been contracted) amounts to about 8 per cent; to which should also be added the expense of agency in India and China, say 2 per cent. The equivalent to a rate of exchange at Calcutta on London at 12 months' date of 2s. 1d. per Sicca rupees, would therefore be in London a rate of Is. 1 }d. per Sicca rupee. In December, 1833, the company opened their treasury in Calcutta, to advance mony on the security of produce consigned to Leadenhall-street at the rate o 2s. (d. per Sicca rupee, which was known in London early in May last, at which time t e treasnry in London granted bills on Calcutta at 2s. per Si, ca rupce. The compiny should then have reduced the rate here to a cor- responding price, say to 1s. 10}d ; instead of doing which they shortly after- wards advanced it to 2s. 1d., being about 10 per cent hi-her than it ought to have been, to be on a par with the known existing rate of the company's own treasury at Calcutta; the natural consequence must be, to prevent money being paid into the treasury at home, which would otherwise have freely flowed intoit. When the treasury in London is open to grant bills, at a fair and proper rate of erchange, on the presidencies of India, and when it is known that the treasu- ries in India and China discontinue to adrance money on bills on London, money will then freely flow into the treasury in London. When the treasury in China is shut, the company will be applied to in London for a large amount of bills on Bengal and Bombay, which will afford a means to merchrnts in this country of placing funds in China for the pur- chase o' tea, silk, &c.; the value of our imports of which, at present, greatly exceed that of our exports of manufactured goods and metals; and these bills will be anxiously sought for in China as a means of remittance thence to India of the large balance drawn annually by India from China in layment for cotton and opium supplied by India. But so long as the treasury in China is open, and the exchanges subjected to the capricious fluctuations incidental to the management of the honorable company, no sufficient confidence can exist with private individuals to induce persons of capital to pursue the trade to China with that degree of spirit which is nº cºssay to its welfare; and the boon con- ferred on the public by the late act of parliament, prohibiting the company from trading, is rendered in a great degree nugatory and valueless. The company would be relieved from every risk, and from all the charges of expensive finance establishments in India and China, without any disadvantage to themselves, and divesting them (under proper regulations here) of the hurtful effects of a controlling and disturbing interſerenec. By order of the Board of Directors of the Chamber of Commerce and Manufactures at Manchester. (Signed) THOMAS BOOTHMAN, Jun., Secretary. Manchester, March 18th, 1835. §§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§§ Pºinted and Published at the office of the Editor, John SLADE, No. 4 Danish Hong. T H E ©áAN!!!\DNI tººls, Nºë, “The free traders appear to cherish, high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already, maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. VOILs. 8. (Advertisements, see Price Current.) ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N TO N. The arrivals that have been reported to us in the past week are the American vessel SUffolk, Smith, and British vessel NERBUDDA, Patrick from Manila, and Rebecca, Roe from We have heard that an unhappy disturbance occurred a few days ago on board the Danish Ship Syden, when one man was killed and others severely wounded. We are not in possession of the facts of this unfortunate affair: and therefore suspend our judgment and comments until we have obtained better information. TEIE PROVINCIAL, CITY. 16th of the 7th.-September 8th. To day Le, the Che-heen, Tung-kwan-heen, seized Hwang-show-E and another, concerned in the plundering of the Troughton and some of the stolen money and goods were recovered. A kidnapper, named Fung-a-pun, with one female child, was also seized, and delivered over to the Pwan- yu-heºn for examination. About 3 o'clock in the morning of the 17th (9th sept.) there was a Tºfoon, and a Teen-Tsin boat was sunk; and at Sha-tow (a little to the westward of the city) ten Tan- kea boats were lost. The flag staff was blown down at the E-ling temple, outside the west ga.e, and also a very large Banian tree, which ſell upon and destroyed four or five houses. Peking Gazette.—Woo-wih-Kung-Gih, the (Mantchoo) foo-yuen of Che-keang province, kneeling reports respect- ing an issue of public money for the repair of forts on the sea shore, and, looking up, prays the emperor to consider the affair. It is well known that in Chung-san-heen in Ning-po-foo, the stone steps of the five forts Laou-tung-mun, Nan-hwuy- shan, Kin-ke-shan, Fan-tow, and Ta-loo-shan, were all blown down in tyfoons which occurred in the middle of the sum- mer and autumn of the 13th year of Taou-kwang (1833). They were all broken and rendered useless. Now it is proved that the Che-heen of that district, Chin-teen-keae, made a clear report and requested that they should be repaired. The Sze officers have already ordered the Foo to send people to examine; and it is the truth, that the tyfoon blew them all down. These forts are all near the sea-side, and are of the very first importance, and they should be repair- ed immediately. I really estimate the expense of the repairs at 4755 Taels; and it is proper I should request the imperial will to issue orders. The imperial will has been received. For moneys for occasions like this, it is allowed to the fooyuen to communicate with the treasurer and draw the same. It is absolutely necessary that the repairs be immediately completed. Respect this. 6th moon-4th day (June 29th 1835). In another place will found lord Ellenborough's re- marks on the observations of the Chamber of commerce and Manufactures of Manchester. We do not see that his lordship has succeeded in this defence of the company's bill-transactions in China, or Tuesday, stipTEMBER 15TH, 1835. No. 37.3 ºfts : that he has laid down one sound principle on which the exchange between India and Great Britain should be conducted. - Why must the E.I.co.continue to be a remitting govern- ment?–And what an unconscious admission that a govern- ment may possibly inflict injury by it's operation in remit. tance!–India must remit to Great Britain, but why must the government conduct the operation? and that too to the injury of the British people?—But our objections have not had any reference to the mode of remittance of the public funds from India; it is the company's bill-agency in China, considered commercially, and politically, that "we have urged as being an infraction of the act of parlia- ment, an invasion of public rights, and a deterioration of our national character in the opinions of the natives and government of this country. But lord Ellemborough does not view the subject in this light at all; the interests of the company only are considered; and, according to his own admission, they and theirs are to be cared for al- though the rest of the British empire are injured to a de- gree that will not soon be very accurately calculated; for what injury the E. I. co’s operations in trade did do—how much they have retarded the progress of commerce and civiliza. tion, it is not an easy task to explain. India must 1emit to Great Britain, either by sending specie, or bills of exchange, or Great Britain must draw on India. - Is there no Rothschild or other able financier who would manage this transaction; or can it not be left to the open market of exchanges, without the government interfer- ing in the question?–Now, the most direct and convenient plan, the natural course of this transaction, is for London to draw on India; let this be done; the rates and channels of exchange will then be uncontrolled by govern- mental influence; and the trade of Great Britain, of India, and of China, will be open to the efforts, skill and industry of individuals, aided only by their own resources of wealth and talent. We can quote the opinions of lord Ashburton |. A. Baring) and Sir Charles Cockerell—now we believe lord Sezencote—as being against the whole of this proceed- ing; and also that the former high authority on the matter in question considered the “Statement of Objections of the British Chamber of Commerce of Canton to a continuance in China of part of the E. I. co’s factory”—as “a very able paper"—and that a sound principle of commerce had been violated by the establishmeut in China of agents empowered to control the exchanges on India and Great Britain; and we shall not presume to add anything further on the question, feeling confident that an established first principle can never be violated without leading to error and confusion, , although it's violation may, for a time, be of partial benefit. - - - - - - - Cum-sing-moon, September 9th, 1885. To the Editor of the Canton Register, Dear Sir-Several vessels having been nearly foul of the Diogu and Chººsien shoals, in consequence of the distance from Namo, as given to them by Mr. Horsburg, being quite erroneous, I beg you will give insertion to the following remarks, for the perusal of your nautical readers. -> By repeated runs in and out of the straits of Namo, I find the distance of the Pinyu shoal from the N. E. part of Namo to be 4 miles, bearing E. N.E. A white pagoda bore from the centre of the shoal N. by E.E.; and a remark- able hill (by itself) N. by E3, E: Passing outside of the Diogu, about three quarters of a mile, I found the soundings to be nearly the same as they are passing inside at the same distance, that is from 7 to 8 fathoms. The sºuthernmost rock of the Chetsien boré East from the N. E. point of Nº, distance 6) miles; this latter shoal is nearly half a mile in exten, N.N.E. | 46 THE CANTON REGISTER. and S. S. W. nine and ten fathoms near the Che-tsien; these shoals are covered at three quarter flood. I remain, dear Sir, your obedient servant, J: REES, Commanding bark Colonel Young. To the Editor of the Canton Register, Sir, The remarks which you have thought proper to publish, on my letter, in reference to the management of the advances, by the E.I. company's Agents, for the current year, have not escaped my notice. Myobject was not per- sonally to attack or annoy any individual, and I have been content to leave the question to the public, whose interests I wished to serve, at the same as my own—this end is answered. Personal animosity, Sir, had no share in my remarks. I have now to request your insertion of a few hines regarding the remarks which it has pleased you, Mr. Editor, to make on my letter: and first as regards others. Though with no wish to make an exhibition of courage, such as, not un- frequently, figures in your pages, I request that you will state, to any who may feel aggrieved by my remarks, that I am willing and able, when pro- perly called on, to defend, or verify all that I can be charged with saying. My name, which is no stranger to you, you are at full liberty to give up, at any time, when called on, by any party aggrieved, or whenever you may deem yourself in peril, from having given any communication of mine to the world, in your pages. I have no wish that any one should bear the consequences of my acts, or injure himself by shielding me. And now, Mr. Editor, having done with others, a few words with your- self. I have no wish to stir up your belligerent inclinations, but, as you have thought proper to cast sneers in your columns on one who, though under the signature which I still use, you know well was not anonymous, and who might have been called on, in private (as is the custom of gentlemen of the press in all similar cases) by you to stand forth, and relieve you of responsi- bility, by avowing or defending his assertions, I think you will see that I am entitled to comment on the line of conduct which you adopted. It was in your power, Sir, to have rejected my communication—this you did not. You were not called on to amplify or individualize what I left plain, though not personal— this you thought proper to do. You should have been prepared to bear the consequences of your own remarks—these you seem to wish to father on me. You might have been explicit in these your remarks on my letter—you were not so; so strange, so vague, were those remarks that, as “An Observer” implies, it was not easy to discover your drift; and I will confeſs, that what I now find was irony I, at first, thought was a defence of what I attacked. You were not called on to defend my assertions, and yet you do repeatedly assert, in strong terms, your convic- tion of the truth of what I stated to be generally believed; while you, as Edi- tor, use the power which your paper gives you, to cast a slur on me, as though I had, falsely and groundlessly, slandered those yourself have attacked. What your reason for this apparent inconsistency may be, I am unable to comprehend. I repeat, Sir, that I am ready, as I always have been, to defend or justify all that I have said; and that you may, at any time, when called, on by any aggrieved party, give up my name—this it was in your power to do before. The doggrel ribaldry, meant I must presume by its author for wit, which you published in your last, I need not, I suppose, make many remarks on. As you object so much to anonymous correspondents you doubtless have the name of the hopeful lyric and will not refuse it if required. It will not, I suspect, be difficult for you to name him. This is strange “backing of your friends!” I am, Sir, Your's &c. Macao, 4th September, 1835. VIATOR. We are certainly bothered with a set of most incon- sequential correspondents. In the letters of “An Obser- ver,” “Veto,” and in the last of “Viator's" we defy any one to point out one necessary conclusion. To Viator and to all we allow the most perfect right to criticize our mode of doing our duty as an Editor; we even promise attention to their remarks, and, perhaps, we may be occasionally guided by their advice, if we find it to be judicious; but until we see more reasoning and less assertion we must be allowed to think that our own judgment and sense of the To kalon is to be as much trusted as the judgment and sense of those who have thought it right to bring such heavy and unproved accusations against us in our office of Editor. We reference to Viator in the present instance, we shall confine ourselves to the “few words” he has addres- sed to us. And firstly, how have we amplified his ac- cusations against the E. I. co’s agents? And what is meant by the expression—“what I left plain, though not personal".-Is not this a most unworthy subterfuge? What woman in the city do Iname, When that Isay, the city-woman bears The cost of princes on unworthy shoulders? Who can come in and say, that I inean her, When such a one as she, such is her neighbour? But in Canton, where are the neighbours, the homo- geneals, the resemblances of the E. I. Co's agents?—As to irony—this a figure of speech which Viator does not seem to understand. We wrote in sober sadness and not ironically, for the affair is of much too grave a nature to be lightly treated. - We always supposed Viator would give up his name, if properly called upon. It is true, we knew it; but that knowledge did not authorize us to divulge what was con- fidentially reposed in us, unless Viator shrank from the task of substantiating his charges; this he now says he can do, and if he can, in what situations are “An Observer” and Mr. J. N. Daniell, and the company's agents? If by any thing we have said, or can say, the truth of Viator's charges and the guilt of those agents, are satisfactorily proved, we shall have done a public Service. Au reste, we request Viator to point out to us the pas- sages in our remarks where we have either “defended his assertions"—or “have repeatedly asserted our convic- tion of their truth.” The other parts of Viator's letter require no com- ments from us.-The name of the writer of the “doggrel ribaldry” shall be given to Viator whenever demanded. Macao, 10th September 1835. To the Editor of the Canton Register, Sir, Your two last numbers 35 and 36 have reached me in due course. To your remarks on my letter contained in No. 35 I would replied ere this, had not the incidents of business prevented it; but as the question between us is not of a very urgent nature, this delay will be attended with no inconvenience, more especially as commercial affairs would not go on less well with or without my letters as with or without your rejoinders. But ere I proceed farther you must allow me to correct an error into which you have, judging from the tenor of your replies, evidently fallen, and that is as to my identity. Let me, however, assure you that I am not prompted to this explanation from any compliment to you but to the public, which has not leisure to analyze disputes (often of little interest), as well as in justice to an individual with whom I have not the pleasure of being acquainted and indeed whom to my knowledge I have never seen. - Although not positively asserted, it may evidently be inferred from your remarks that you suppose me connected with the Company's Finance Com- mittee—never were you, Mr. Editor, more mistaken in your life—I have never been in the company’s service or employ, nor indeed in any service, neither do I intend to be. —I am not even interested in any commercial transactions either here or elsewhere.—I have only been a few months in China, and am now (heaven be praised for all its goodness) only waiting an opportunity to leave it's inhospitable shores for more genial climes.—This eclaircissement will perhaps, Sir, be a sufficient answer to your query as to what party I belong to in Canton; and as to the number of parties there, allow me to ask what was meant by J–ite and D–ite,the invariable answer which I received during my visit to Canton to all my questions respecting individuals;–you yourself allow that unanimity is not characteristic of the British community in China; and where disunion exists, there must evidently be party spirit with all its attendant evils. You are certainly correct in your supposition that my “argument is for numbers against property, the poor against the rich, the pennyless” (thé not “unprincipled”, it does not follow, for these are not wanting in all ranks of society) “speculator against the” (not the honest and fair dealing “trading capitalist”) monopolist; and if by this you mean a “thorough—paced radical.” I not only acknowledge the charge but boast of it.—As for you, Mr. Editor, “it is easy to perceive” that you are a rank Tory, and not being an “indepen- dent Editor”you support the few against the many—the finance committee be- ing against the interests of the few you therefore oppose it—your argument is for “property” against “numbers,”thus putting “property”in competition with “person”—the rich against the poor, the affluent and “unprincipled” specula- tor against the poor but honest trader. “Why, does not this defence of the liberality and independence” of your paper “at once sink” you into a mere drudge: “Ah!” Editor, I am “not surprised that you have cut yourself with “the tools you have attempted to use and that you are bothered with your “non sequitur; but until you can argue more logically” you cannot yet “claim the title of a liberal and independent press”. Exclusive privilege is your cry, the patrician few against the plebeian many—these old fashioned principies of yours are now almost extinct; they would have answered in days of yore, but not in these our enlightened times. “Quo me cunque rapit tempestas, deferor hospes” Beware, Mr. Editor, lest it should not bear you as a willing guest,for remem- ber the words of Napoleon to his attendants when in captivity at St. Helena “I have fallen, not in consequence of the combination which was º me, but because I opposed the spirit of the age.” I, myself, am now afraid, “my dear” Editor, that my letters have been two “searching” and “sharp", but a powerful complaint requires a powerful remedy, ergo my letters were rather “mordacious”; however, as I also “have a regard for individuals of a weak constitution and impeded digestion.” “I shall be less drastic in my practice for the future,” for really, “my dear” Editor, I wish not to kill you but merely wish you to reform; consider the signs of the times and oppose not the spirit of the age lest, E flammâ cibum petere you fall like “the new Sesostris”— “Whose game was empires and whose stakes were thrones, Whose table earth—whose dice were human bones.” “Two rival commercial houses in Canton only?” did I say “only?”—you say you can reckon a dozen British, perhaps there may be, although I cannot make them out; however, some people have the happy knack of seeing double. Now, Mr. Editor, I have taken the trouble (and trouble it was to read such trash) “to refer to the Register of november 11th, 1834, No.45, which contains the statement of objections &c.” and have read the list of names of firms and individuals affixed thereto; and pray, Sir, who are they who signed it?—the first on the list is the very firm by which you are supported, the remainder either its clerks or satellites.—I have also read your Editorial remarks— they are specious enough, but vain wonld be the task to try to convince you against your interest, and as to the Chamber of Commerce of Manchester, they but echo the opinions and sentiments of their Clerks or Agents in China.- By the by, Sir, allow me to ask if any answer has been received to the “state- ment of objections” forwarded to India? and if so, why has it not been - THE ©AN!!!"ON Tººls). Nºllèo “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. VOL. 8. PORTUGUESE SETTLEMENTS IN CHINA. sy HE Author of the “Historical Sketch of the Portuguese Settlements, T &c. in China, begs leave to inform the gentlemen who may honor him with their subscriptions, that the price of the book (consisting of from 370 to 400 pages, in full size Octavo) will be two dollars, payable on delivery. The editor of the Canton Register will be so good as to receive the sub- scription list at the end of this year, and to distribute the work when completed. The subscribers will be informed, in the Canton Register and the Chronica de Macao, when the book is ready for delivery. > ANDREW LJUNGSTEDT. FOR LONDON. - HE ROYAL GEORGE, Captain Richards, 486 tons per Register, T will meet with all despatch. For freight apply to JARDINE, MATHEson & Co. FOR LONDON. - HE LADY KENN AWAY, Captain sºlº º º tons Register, will meet with all despatch. For freight apply per Register, wi *:::::: MAtheson & Co. FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER TO EUROPE. ---- HE fine new British built ship MARGARET, 364 Tons Register, William Johns, R. N. Commander. For freight or charter, from Whampoa, apply to Douglas, MacKENzie & Co. FOR SINGAPORE & BOMBAY. . HE ship HELEN, George Setford, Commander, will leave Wham- Poa in the first week of October. For freight apply to C. SAPoonjee & R. Burjor JEE. No. 5 Powshun Factory. T FORTSINGAPORE, - HE ship William Wilson, captain Milles, will have quick despatch. Apply to William HENDEason *-*-FORTSINGAPORE AND CALCUTTRT - HE ERNAAD will have leave Whampoa on the 25 September. For freight applv to D. & M. Rustom JEE. Freig HT TO BOMBAY. - HE CHARLOTTE, G. Melville, Commander. For particulars apply to BURJorjee FURDoonjee, Paou-Shun No. 3. FREIGHT TO BOMBAY. - HIP Hormus, EE Bomanjke, P. Keys Commander, will leave Whampoa on the 15th October. For particulars apply to FRAMJEE PEston.JEE. FOR BOMBAY TOUCHING AT SINGAPORE. HE well known fast sailing ship LORD CASTLEREAGH, burthen 800 tons, Captain P. Tonks, to sail from WHAMpoa on the 25th proximo. For #: apply to FuRDoonjee HoRMUzjee. No. 2 French Factory.. FOR SALE. Tºº built brig REBECCA, measuring per Register 02}} tons, well found in stores, now lying in Cumsingmoon. For particulars tºº. to BEll & Co. Canton, or Capt. Roe. on Board. ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAid. C A N T O N. Amongst the arrivals of the past week is the long-ex- pected Trusty. The following is a list of ships arrived, as reported to us at the time of going to press. RUBY, Warden, from Manila; ARAB, Lowes, GANGEs, Burgess, Singapore; SCALEBY CASTLE, Sandys,CARRon, Wilson, Madras; TRUsty, West, London; Lady of The LAKE, Pearson, Sydney and Sourabaya; Noss A SENHoRA DA LUz, Remedios, Java; PAscoA, Morgan, Calcutta; Rome, [Am..] Jenks, Singapore; CARNATic, Proodfoot, Singapore and Calcutta. THE PROVINCIAL CITY. . . Since the arrival of H. E. Wang, the criminal judge, there has not been a night in which he has not gone about secretly. He makes no distinction as to the places of assembling + (houses of call?) of the different officers, but wherever he finds either opium-smoking or gambling going on, there he enters to examine and punish. Some nights ago he entered the station-house of Shuk-keae, one of the Nan- * Or government shelters, appropriated to the tail of the several magis- trates. Tuesday, septEMBER22nd, 1835. No. 38.8 ºfts. hae-heens messengers, and saw him lying on a bench smok- ing opium; he immediately called to him to rise, and order- ed one of the attendants to give him fifteen strokes with the bamboo. Hence, lately, the police-runners &c. have not dared to secretly accuse and drag forward criminals in order to extort from them. And the owners of the opium-smoking and gambling places in the city, are afraid to open their doors. In the street in front of the Pwanyu-heen's, dwelt a man named Tang, upwards of thirty years old, a cotton- weaver by trade. This man was fond of opium-smoking and gaming. On the 19th of the moon (11th September) having lost, at gaming, to another, the sum of 6 mace, he re- turned to his home, to obtain from his wife the money to pay the winner. His wife detested his gambling pursuits, and was unwilling to give him the money. His anger arose, and he trembled with rage. He immediately snatched u a small knife and stabbed his wife in the belly, who forth- with uttered one cry and fell dead. The neighbours im- mediately seized and carried him before the Pwanyu- heen; and also requested that magistrate to examine the corse. So, on account of the trifling sum of 6 mace, a life has been lost!---How deeply to be lamented. On the 19th of the moon, an officer arrived from Peking, with a letter which informed H. E. Loo, that his eldest son Lootwanſoo, had been promoted by the hoopoo board to the office of Yuenwaelang in Kweichow. All the civil and military officers went to H. E.'s office to offer their congratulations. 23rd. A letter arrived from Peking, stating that the 5th son of H. E. Ke, the fooyuen, had been ordered by the hoopoo board to do the duty of a lanychung. 26th. H. E. Ha, the tseangkeun, #. Canton to undertake the same office, i. e. generalofficer—at Hihlungkeang the blackdragon river: the Amour. In the middle of the spring of this year in the province of Shanse, in Fungche-heen. Sinshwuy-heen, Kaouping-heen, Yangchin-heen, and Lingchow-heen, in these #. there was great drought, and the rice and wheat did not grow. On the 5th day of the 6th moon an imperial edict was receiv- ed, ordering Goshungan, the fooyuen of Shense, to collect from the granaries of the different heen districts, several ten- thousand peculs of grain, and relieve the famishing people. LOCUSTS. Lew, acting Nanhae-heen, and heen of Jooyuen-hegn, raised five steps, and recorded (for merit) ten times, issues a perspicuous proclamation, respecting the destruc- tion of locusts. I have received a communication from the chief-com- missary as follows. Chooshow, the Chaouking-foo, has petitioned, saying: -On the 24th day of the 6th moon of the present year & 19th July, 1835) between the hours of 1 and 3 P. M. when there were both wind and rain, suddenly a flight of locusts settled; they were reckoned as being upwards of a myriad; from the west and south they directed their flight to the east and north. . Changling, the heen of the district, had already ordered the military to destroy them, and directed officers to head, the soldiers and police in their efforts to drive away and destroy them. Just at that time it blew strong from the S. W. And the swarms quickly encreased in excess from the firmament, but they did not descend in flocks on the fields and orchards. I T.I.E. CAINTON REGISTER. now ordered Changling himself to go about the pathways and all around the enclosures to superintend the destruc- tion; and to fly to the neighbouring districts and every adja- cent place, in order to see if the locusts had visited the bound- aries, that all, agreeably to the regulations, as they were brushed down and destroyed, should be received and bought; and quickly, according to facts, inform me by petition. It is proper also of Kaouyaou-heen and its dependencies, to report the circumstances, and the orders that were given on the occasion. And quickly state the examination, facts &c. to the Leangtaou. It is proved in this examination that in the two adjoining districts of Quang ( Quangchow-foo) and Chaow ( Chaowking-foo) the locusts had already descended at Kaouyaou, and it would be difficult to prevent them from entering Kwang, and it's neighbourhoods. I then wrote directions, and prepared and transmitted them to the Nanhae heen, ordering him immediately to obey them as they were drawn up under their separate heads. And issued a proclamation, ordering the people to assemble together with the military officers, and then disperse them- selves with the soldiers and police, and prepare themselves for brushing down and destroying (the locusts), when they first entered their boundaries, and respectfully, according to the regulations, really to exert themselves to beat down and destroy and receive the purchase money: thus it might be expected they would all be beaten down, destroyed, and entirely exterminated; and not allowed to do the least injury to the harvest; such were the directions sent to the Nanhae-heen, with these separate orders for the destruction of the locusts. He had before received the general instructions (from the governor). The different Tingseums F had been already ordered to respectfully obey and manage: this is on record. Now, having been inform- ed of the above circumstances, it is proper to issue a perspicuous proclamation, for the full information of all the military and people who are concerned with the contents thereof, that they may forthwith respectfully obey. If they meet with the locusts within their separate boundaries, let them immediately examine and understand the following instructions; and with strenuous efforts, beat down and destroy, and receive the purchase-money; for it is absolutely necessary that they be cut off and entirely exterminated, and not allowed to injure the growing grains in the least. All should tremblingly obey! Oppose not. A special proclamation. An enumeration, explaining the several directions as to destroying the locusts. - - Firstly. When the locusts begin to appear, they must first be discovered in the banks of great ponds, and in places that are quickly filled with water, and then as quickly left dry; and they choose the hard, dry, black earth of high bººks where to produce their young. They use their tails to make holes in the earth, not quite an inch deep, which remain (open) and are similar to a honeycomb; the locusts descend in numbers more than ten; the form (of the cells) are as grains of rice—i.e. round. In each cell are laid more than 100 eggs, in which are contained the young of the locusts. They fly and feed in swarms. Their habits are to lay their eggs at the same time and in the same ground, which is the cause of their nests appearing like the rooms of bees. The search for them is very easy. Secondly. The locusts that are in the wheat fields, and amongst the rice and vegetables, every day, very early in the morning they ascend the stalks of grain and blades of grass to drink the dew, and then, their bodies being heavy (with food), they cannot fly easily. In the middle of the day they generate, and then do not fly. In the evening they gather together: thus in one day there are three periods when they can be destroyed, and at those times the people are also at rest. The manner of destroying them is this: ditches should be dug before them; broad and deep ones are the best; on both sides place planks or leaves of doors and such like, connected together and opened out after the manner of the figure of eight ( /N ); collect together and make a great noise, in your hands grasping wooden boards, and drive the locusts within- side the ditch. At each end of the ditch use several brooms, and when they begin to hop and jump about, sweep them within, and cover them over with straw, set it on fire and burn them ; or first make a fire within the trench and afterwards drive them withinside; if they are only buried, in the course of one night many will be able to escape through the hollowed earth and come forth. Thirdly. When clusters of locusts are hanging on the trees in columns, or blown out like streamers, but not flying about or descending to the gronad, if the husbandmen are constant in using long bamboo rods, on which they may hang their wive's white gowns or red petticoats, or red or green paper flags, the swarms will be driven away, and will not descend to the ground. The + Or Tsotangs. _ sounds of gongs and drums and fowling pieces also frighten the locusts, and when they hear them they fly away. When the flying swarms darken the firmament, fire off guns and sound the gongs, or attack them in front by letting off crackers, and when their vanguard is frightened and thrown into disorder, then follow them up and drive them off; wait until they settle, and then collect together and take them in string-nets, and put them into cloth bags and then kill them. Fourthly. The locusts do not feed on the Wan-tow, Luh'ow, Keangtow (three sorts of pulse) Tama, Keungma, Chema (three species of hemp) Shooyu, Yams. Choo, a species of hemp. Sang, the mulberry three. And of that which grows in the waters they feed not on the Ling, trapa bicornis, nor Tsze, a weed. If a powder is made of the ashes of stubble and stones mixed together, and scattered or siſted over the blades of rice and paddy, the locusts will not then feed on them. Fifthly. The locust, if the legs and wings are taken off, and the body dried in the sun, tastes like a shrimp, and they will keep a long time without spoiling. In a former drought in Keukoo, in Chekeang, the people killed the locusts and fed their ducks with them, which speedily grew very large and fat; and those dwelling amongst the hills, destroyed the locusts to feed their pigs; at the beginning they weighed twenty catties, but in the course of ten days, they grew so large and fat that they weighed more than fifty catties. That which nourishes animals is always useful. Let those who have property, buy the locusts, and those who have none, exert themselves to destroy them; and receive their price either in cash or rice. Since in preserving the rice and wheat from damage, the advautage of having food for domestic animals is also obtained, why be frightened, and leave the thing undone. Taoukwang, 15th year, intercalary 6th moon, 3rd day (28th July). Puran, the Kwangchowfoo, is ordered to do the duties of Tung-che of Full-keang, in this province, there having been something irregular in his appointment of Kwangchowfoo. Wang, the literary chancellor, returns to Peking. It is also reported that H. E. Loo, the governor, is recal- led to Peking, and that no cause is given for this unexpect- ed summons. The imperial envoys who preside at the coming literary examinations enter the city this morning. The name of the principal is Chaoutihlin; of the secondary, Hokiteishing. Our Chinese informant tells us that a day or two ago the fooyuen received from Peking a half-length likeness of the emperor, Taoukwang; he is dressed as when he visit the empress; his head is uncovered; the colour of his face is very dark; his ears very long. It is said that formerly he was greatly addicted to opium, which is the reason of his complexion being now so dark. SHIP TROUGHTON, Since the arrival of the ship Troughton, we have given occasional notices—which have been obtained from a chi- nese informant—of several seizures of persons, amongst whom some women and children have been included, impli- cated in the charge of robbing that vessel of goods and dollars; and also translations of two edicts relating to this affair; one from the Puranyuheen, in the Register of August the 11th: and the other from the governor of the province, in that of August the 25th. If a Chinese junk had met with the same accidents, and been plundered in the same way as this English vessel has been, it is the opinion of those, who are good judges of Chi- nese character, from long residence and acquaintance with their language and laws, that the sufferers would have receiv- ed but very little, if any, practical assistance from the local government in the recovery of their stolen property. But in the present instance of a piratical attack upon an English vessel, and in distress too, Loo, the governor, has felt that the singular situation of the existing relations of Great Britain and China, joined with the peculiar circumstances of the affair itself, made it politic for him to show an ‘ardent zeal’ for justice. Accordingly, his subordinates were informed of the piracy, and ordered to seize the pirates, and recover the goods and dollars. As we are now writing of the actions of officers who— and is it not a shame to them that it should be so, they, the compassionate, the intelligent, and the just—are igno- rant both of our censure or applause, we desire to be as guard ed in our remarks as possible, and to advance nothing, either in praise or blame, but what we may trust to, consi. dering the sources from whence we have obtained our information, as being worthy of credit and founded on facts and understanding observation. Thinking then that the mind of the governor has been awakened to the probable consequences, if speedy redress were not given for this piratical act of natives under his THE CANTON REGISTER. 155 and burn incense in the temples; and yet these men are supposed capable of arguing and speaking in the midnight style and language of St. Stephen's chapel! Now—let us take the latter part of the imperial edict published in our first page for an example of the emperor's idiomatic English. My lords and gentlemen, Custodes rotulorum et magis- tratus, depending on your faithful love to my person and your zeal in your own duties, I hereby direct that you will, as soon as may be,open the assizes, and forth with proceed to try the judicial causes. I trust the circuit judges will not fail to discriminate between the cases of petty theft, and the more serious ones of highway robbery; and that they will endeavour to prevent the sheriffs of counties as well as the walking barristers, from receiving fees; whereby they enrich themselves and neglect their duties. Should any of the unpaid magistrates harbour poachers, or be too fond of lingering over their roast-beef and claret, I hereby re- commend you, may lords and gentlemen, to strike their names out of the commission, And even should complaints reach my imperial ears against yourselves, I shall re- commend my ministers to appoint new lord-lieutenants and prick for new sheriffs; therefore do not hereafter sºy that the duties of the home-office have been so shamefully neglected, that even documents, bearing my royal sign- manual, have not been forwarded.—God save the king— If we were thus to clip the emperor's Chinese in his hear- ing, we know what would be our speedy fate. FOREIGN TRADE TO CHINA. A statement of the whole of the American import and export trade, with the rates of Exchange, has been kindly handed to us by one of our American friends. A detailed statement of the export of tea and rawsilk to great Britain, from the 23rd of April 1834, to the 30th of September, 1835, has been published by the Canton Chamber of Com- merce; which exhibits the following gross quantities of those two articles:—Black tea, lbs. 42,590,000; Green tea, lbs. 8,489, 200: total lbs. 51,079,200. Raw silk, bales, 1849.--To the U. S. as per statement handed to us, 42,787 chests of black, and 125,119 chests of Green, making a total of 167,906 chests of tea, have been export- ed from Canton, in the season 1834-35, ending the 30th of June 1835. But it is desirable that statements of the whole trade of every foreign nation with this empire should be drawn up and published; and we shall be glad to work with others to this important end. We are aware that we are dependent on the courtesy of all the foreign merchants here, for all and every communication they may make to us to further this task, which we conceive to be the peculiar duty of the Chamber of Commerce to order to be done; but the Committee of the Chamber are also dependent on their brother merchants for assistance. Should, therefore, any difficulties or delays happen to the hinderance of the completion of this expected document—for the people of England will rightly expect it—we turn to H. M. superin- tendents, as being those who can, without delay, or corres- pondence of any kind with any parties, at once draw it up in the most satisfactory and undoubted manner; for we believe the manifest of every British ship has been sent to them, at Macao, for signature; and of course copies of each manifest have been made by their orders, and are preserved for reference. - These statements are of great consequence; and every individual engaged in commerce is concerned in their publication: they are means to a most important end—the general good and information: and being such, they should never be neglected by the wellinformed and liberal merchant. - THE can Ton PBriss., We observe that various notices respecting light houses on the English coast in the Channel, are published in the last and third number of this promising Journal, “by direc- “tion of the Agents to the honorable East India company.” These Notices to Mariners are of so great importance to all the world, that it is the duty of every individual to make them as public as he is able; and their gratuitous * insertion in all Journals is, we believe, a matter of course. On referring to the Prospectus, which announced the forthcoming of the Canton Press, we find it asserted that paper is---"free from the control of power, the influence “of party, and the caprice of individuals.”---We are, there- fore, a little surprised that it's Editor should receive direct- ions from any one; and still more so, that he should have to complain of the assumption of his monitors, and the caprice of individuals, as he has done through three whole pages in his last number. However, this is not our con- cern; but it is the concern of the Public when the E. I. com- pany's agents leave their Jewish pursuit of bill-brokerage, to direct a press, and to intrude themselves on the public notice as the organ through which the proceedings of the corporation of the Trinity house are published. We now understand that the Canton Press, is neither free from the control of power, the influence of party, or the caprice of individuals. The E. I. co’s agents are the primum mobile of our cotemporary—for as such we must now salute him,and abandon the more endearing name of fellow-laborer, for we feel now convinced we have different tasks. The E. I. co’s agents issue their directions to the Canton Press: is it, then, a wrong inference, to suppose that the Canton Press is under the orders of those agents?–But if even so, their con- trolling power has been only used to direct the publication of important public information: credat Judaeus? Or, per- haps, it is a mere harmless attempt to court popularity here, and to tell the would, wherever the Canton Press wanders —super et Garamantas et Indos–à Gadibus usqueGangem —that, “though the field be lost, all is not lost"—for the E. I. co’s. agents still haunt the shores of China, for the pur- pose of unlawfully trading. A correspondent, under the signature of “No Half Mea- sures” has brought to our notice the sentiments of the Metropolitan for March, with reference to The Dispute with China. The character of that Journal, the ability with which it is conducted, and the character of the talented and gallant Editor, Captain Marryat, R. N., will plead at least for as much attention as the Asiatic Journal. We recommend both to the attention of our local readers. An extract from the Hurkaru, copied from the Metro- politan, will be found in another column; and we trust that the name of that magazine may be safely joined to the feeling of Englishmen on the subject in question; and that the feeling is Metropolitikos. Dear Mr. Editor—When you have adjusted the Finance Committee affair, I foresee a fiercer war meeting you on the great question of a right of interference with the Chinese. The enclosed extract from the Hurkaru, of the 21st of July, is the argument on that subject, quoted from the Metropo- litan for March, and may assist your views. I own being one of those who consider that the great rule of “do as you would be done by” applies quite as much to a man who wears a tail as to one who does not. I like the tone of reasoning, and hope it is that of the great majority of our British country- men; and that the day is gone by when insult, injustice and wrong, are to be tamely submitted to from ridiculous pretensions set up by a set of semi- barbarians on this side the Cape, bolstered up and sheltered in wrong for the selfish motives of a set of turtle-eating men in Leadenall street. “No half MEASUREs.” “But there are other principles upon which we may most justly insist, that may bring about this very consummation—the opening of trade, and diffusion of prosperity and useful knowledge to millions. Let the sins of ignorant tyranny fall upon the heads of the tyrants. We ar. not to be com- pelled to put our candle under a bushel because our neighbour dislikes light; and since the celestial empire deigns to take its station in common with other nations upon the face of this our earthformed globe, the porcelain nation must be content to consider itself as one of the family, and be amenable, with the rest, to international laws. We think that every community that has sufficient strength, either by position, alliance, wealth, or military power, to preserve its integrity, has also a right to resist and resent every contumely , from another community, and not only to resist and resent, but also, as far as it may lay in its power, to remove the causes that produced the insult: We do not think that any European nation would bear to be stignatised by another European nation, not only as barbarians, but as outside barbarins, and its king to be insulted by such an official notification as the following; that he, an inferior minister of the Chinese crown, “turns back to the hitherto highly and most reverently submissive conduct of the King of England to the celestial empire.” - - - *W. do not affirm that if such an insult had passed between France and England, that it would have produced immediate war, but it would certainly . have been followed by the aggrieved party making such a demand for ex- planation and apology that if not instantaneously, fully, and unequivocally given, war would directly ensue. Now, let the casuists extend their , ºr "I H.E. vesia vs. sausa Bllº “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “ press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “ will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” * CHARLES GRANT. ruesday, octopBR 6TH, 1835. No. 40.3 ºis.} vor. 3. FOR LONDON. - HF ROYAL GEORGE, Captain Richards, 486 tons per Register, will meet with all despatch. For freight applv to JARDINE, MATHEson & Co. F () R I,( ) N DO N. HE LADY KENN AWAY, Captain Bolton, teek built, 580 tons per Register, will meet with all despatch. For freight apply to JAR DIN E, M Athºso N & Co. FOR FREIGſ it OR CHARTER TO EUROPE. rRh F. fine new British built ship MARGARET, 364 Tons Register, William * Johns, R. N. Commander. For freight or charter, from Whampoa, anolv to Doºglas, MACKENziz & Co. FORTRFIGHT AND CHARTER TO EUROPF. HF bark ARAB, A 1, 356 Tons Register, J. S. SpARKes, Commander. Apply to HELL & Co. i FOR SINGAPORE & H () M BAY. THE ship HELEN, George Setford, Commander, will leave Wham- Poa in the first week of October. For freight a ply to C. SAPoor JEE & R. BURJoRJEE. No. 5 Powshun Factory. -- - FOR SINGAPORE. HF ship William Wilson, captain Miller, will have quick despatch. App'y to Will. A M H ENDERson FOR SINGAPORE AND CALCUTTA. HE ERNAAD. For freight apply to __ D. & M. Rustower. FREIGHT TOTOMBAY.T. HIP Hon Mºsjrz Boxia NJEE, P. Krys Commander, will leave Whampoa Nº on the 15th October. For particulars apply to FRAMJEE Pristox Ec. - FOR BOM BAY TOUCHING AT SING A P() I. F. HF well known fast sailing ship LOR 1) CASTLE REAG, H, burthen soº tons. Captain l'. Tonks, to sail from Wh AM poa on the 25th proximo. For freight apply to Fur Doon, EE H or MU7 E. F. - No. 2 French Factorv. +--- - FO R SALE. THE Calcutta built brig RFB ECCA, measuring per Register 0.24% tons, well found in stores, now lying in Cumsingmoon. Tor particulars apply to Brill & Co. Canton, or Capt. Roe. on Board. I () R SALE. WO India Built Ships, of about 550 and 800 Tons Register. particulars apply to JARDINE, MAtheson & Co. For ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. NOTICE TO CORRESPONDENTS. As it is our wish, and has been our constant endeavour, to publish the Register as early as possible on Tuesday mornings, we request our corres- pondents to time the delivery of their communications so as to aid us in an arrangement which, we believe, will be as satisfactory to our readers as it will be easier to ourselves. We beg to suggest the hour of twelve on Mon- days as the time when our friends can reasonably expect their communications to be inserted, or properly noticed, in the following Tuesday's paper. We do not, however, bind them or ourselves to the dial's point: but an attempt to keep time will ensure a greater attention to, and a better comprehensiou of, their valuuble and everwelcome communications. C A N T © N. The only arrival that has been reported to us is the Joh N of GAUNT, Captain Robertson, from Liverpool the 2nd of June, and Batavia the 7th of September. Nei- ther papers nor letters from either of these ports have, as yet, reached us. We have been informed, by a Chinese, that those who are interested in the ship Troughton and her plundered cargo, should petition Ke, the fooynen and acting govern- or, on the subject, or he will not follow up the measures of the late governor Loo, relating to the total restitution of the goods, or the punishment of the pirates, The ready explanation given by Mr. Grassick, the purser of the Thomas Coutts, respecting the two deliveries of the letters by that vessel, must be satisfactory to the public. THE PR.40"VITN CIA.I. CITY. Eighth moon, 4th day. About 12 P.M. four pirate boats anchored in the river outside the great east gate. They contained about one hundred robbers. From a money shop in Haepang street they stole several thousand dollars. Next day the Pwanyu-heen was petitioned to search for and seize them." 10th day. October 1st. This is the birthday, or Wanshow, “limitless long life,' of H. I. M. Taoukwang. Very early in the morning, all officers of government, high and low, go to the Wanshow kung, or hall of longevity, to make their prostrations; and plays are acted at all the public offices to felicitate the happy day. The Chinese intendant of customs at Macao, complain- ed, a considerable time ago, that ships leave the harbour without paying measurement duties, and threatens to report such conduct to the hoppo in Canton, in which case no mercy will be shown. Old Loo and his colleagues issued an exhortatory edict to the people on the coasts, in which they depict in very lively colours the heinousness of the crime of attacking mariners in distress; and, when their cries rent the air, instead of assisting, stripping those who escaped the fury of the elements, and plundering the cargoes of the vessels; which are the practices of the villanous inhabitants of the coasts. Such wretches, when found out, will henceforth receive deserved punishment; for atrocities of such a deep dye ought on no account to be pardoned. This exhortation was circulated in consequence of the frequent piracies which have been committed since the unhappy business of the plunder of the Troughton; and it appears to be one of the latest of Loo's legislative acts. The following is a translation of an edict which was issued by the late governor Loo, and privately obtained by an influential friend, whose active kindness has thus enabled us to be the first, we think, to communicate it's contents and meaning to the foreign community. There can be little doubt but the emperor was greatly surprised at the appearance of the Chinese Magazine; but he has not reviewed any of the articles. It's able and industrious author would have been glad, we presume, to have pro- ſited by the imperial criticism. This singular fact: that a book written by an European in the Chinese language, printed from Chinese blocks by a native, and published by the author, and brought to the notice of the great officers of state and even of H. I. M. himself, stands alone in the history of literature and of China. To Wootunyuen, Howqua, and the rest of the hong merchants, for their full information, from the governor and fooyuen, who on the 21st day of the 6th moon of the 15th year of Taoukwang received and in council opened a despatch, from the great officers of the military council, saying that on the first day of the 6th moon of the 15th year of Taoukwang they received the imperial edict —as follows. Loshen, (fooyuen of Fuhkeen) and the others have for- warded a foreign book to the office of the military council from English foreigners, which has been presented to me for my inspection. I, the emperor, have carefully turned it over and looked at it; the title page bears the date"—Taoukwang, Keawoo, (the name of the 31st year (1834) of the chinese cycle) it is THE CANTON REGISTER. 159 tiff's case, whatever may be the time or business, apply most diligently to examine and decide; if there is guilt, it is most certainly punished: but anxious thoughts attend me in my chair from the beginning (since I have taken office); and I cannot but guard against their perfection (in villainy). My whole mind is employed to explain and illustrate the prohibitory laws: to this end, I issue this edict; if there are any (of the people) whose minds are disturbed by the foregoing remarks (as being applicable to themselves:) let them reform early, and so calm their own con- sciences; may they wash and purify their hearts and inform their minds, and not again degrade themselves by vile schemes, and so bring sorrow and calamities on themselves still daring, unrepentant, to trust to evil (courses). Iſ either by reports, or legal public accusation, (the swindlers &c. are denounced ) they shall he immediately seized and dragged before the courts, and, according to law, shall be dealt with. I, the criminal judge, grasp the law, firm as a rock; most decidedly, there shall not be any indulgence; saw not that the laws have not been made known; let all, without opposition, tremblingly obey. A special edict. Taoukwang, 15th year, 8th moon, 4th day. (September 25.) Dear Mr. Editor, In your paper of the 20th of September, you enter on the much discussed question in what sense E. is to be taken when used by the Chinese to us. I am not a Chinese scholar, but there is a view of the case you overlook. - - - - - - --- - - - - - Suppose the strict interpretation of E. not to be insulting; still, if it is complained of by those to whom it is applied, and after such complaint it is again used, it becomes a positive insult, whatever the nature of it's meaning may originally have been. . observe the “Oi Barbaroi" of the Greeks was used by them in speaking Greek with Greek, not adºiressed to the Barbarians; and when our govern- ment do their duty to us here, rely on it E. will drop out of use. Yours, A Our correspondent, Delta, does not, we think, increase the importance of the E question by his observations. The unimportant fact of it's being an insult, intendedly, pointedly, and perseveringly used, has never been doubt- ed: on the contrary, it has been the custom of all the Eu- ropean nations to too tamely submit to the insults of this proud and exclusive nation. We are at a loss to conceive why China should be allowed to use a tone of arrogant pre- tension and avowed contempt to all the kingdoms of the world, which no one kingdom would, for one day, allow it's neighbour, or ally, or friend, to use to itself. Expediency, if not a sense of moral right, must, sooner or later, check the ridiculous pretensions of the black haired people: yet, when we see communities, aspiring to the glorious name of free- men, so slow to guard, or to recover and assert, or so little understanding their own birthrights, at home, we cannot presume that the credit of their nation, the honour of their character, or the less worthy incitement of national pride, will lead them to be more carelul of all these motives in the persons and conduct of their representative and distant fellow countrymen, here. Dear Mr. Editor, Seeing the subject discussed in your paper and in that of your cotemporary, I beg to call your attention to the important affair of the conveyince of our letters, and to keep you informed that a small portion of H. B. M. subjects resident here have appealed to H. M. superintendents on that matter, and called for their interference to improve or entirely abate that measure, which lord Napier prematurely took. We here solicit the concurrence of our more powerful Canton brethren to reform this abuse ; and to beg that the eyes of the public may be open to the acts of H. M. superintendents. POST OFFICE. Macao, 1st October. - Dear Mr. Editor, Being one of the people, I always answer a question, civilly put. You ask why I assert that—“Sir Robert Peel's government would have smote Finance Committee”—Answer:--because we free merchants had gained over (Baring) lord Ashburton ; and because Sir Robert's administration on all subjects (except one), had shown their determination to be guided by Public opinion, and that opinion was against Finance Committee I hope your other queries may be as readily and as shortly answered. Macao, October 1st, is35. “Not A MEMBER of the Chamber of CoM Merce.” “TheRE is something Rotten in 1 he state of DENMARx.” Pear Mr. Editor, Sure I am that if Shakespeare were now alive and residing in Canton, he might with truth have said “There is something rotten in the system of the Macao Post Office arrangements.” The unnecessary detention of ship's letters and packets at Macao, and the irregularity in forwarding the same to Canton, since the present system came into operation, is notorious-You, Mr. Editor, have done good service to the Public by bringing the subject forward; bnt tho' the incon- venience and injury, resulting to the merchants in consequence, have been so, many times pointed out in your paper, the evil has rather increased than otherwise;—really, one might reasonably suppose that a hint on such an important subject, as that of the undue detention of merchants letters below, should be sufficient to “arouse” the attention of the “managers.”—As for the pecuniary advantages accruing from the office of Post Master, be said advantages great or small, I have nothing to do with them;-but it is a a maxim of mine. Mr. Editor, that if a person UN pent Akts an office, that person should perform the duties of that office, in the best and most efficient manner in his power;-and I have no hesitation in saying, that if the indi. vidual, who has so undertaken the office of Post Master at Macao, is unwilling to perform his duties in that capacity more effectually than of late, the sooner he resigns the appointment, the better for his own credit. It is a fact too well known to admit of dispute, that prior to the present system, tho' letters were occasionally kept back, on the whole we received them much sooner; the Captains or Pursers frequently bringing up their despatches with them, in a fast boat, directly on the arrival of the vesssel, in place of their being detained as at present for several days afterwards. There is no good reason, in fact, why the letters should go to Macao at all; the superintendents (bless the mark) who are, perhaps, partly the cause, ought to have a person stationed at Cumsingmoon, to open He packets if necessary—and forward their own letters only (which can be but of small importance) to Macao;-but let not those who are ostensibly the guardians of British trade and interests in China, be the cause of our letters being kept back:--they have but small means of doing us good; let them not injure us. If I mistake not. I have heard of a committee being appointed in Canton, to have an eye after the interest of John Public in the matter; and I certainly think said committe entitled to some censure for their negligence in the business:—let them look to it. I trust the importance of the subject will be a sufficient apology for the length of these remarks, and in the hope of their leading to some improve- ment, I remain, Your's, REFORM. Mr, Editor, Your last numbers, containing discussions between Viator, Obserrer, Veto. and yourself, have cured me of a fit of the Blues, which I have suffered from since the establishment of the Finance Committee; for you must know I am one of those unlucky devils sent out by the Glasgow weavers and Leeds manufacturers, to dispose of their Printed Cottons and Woollen goods, and to send home results in Boheas and Nankin Silk. My employers having understood, before I left home, that by the Act of Parlia- ment, the monopoly of the India company was at an end. Up to the present moment I have suffered by my own feelings on this subject, fearing I should be accused of a loss of ny senses, had I written home and told my employers that, in the very teeth of an act of parliament, the India company is more to be dreaded in China, than ever. However, relieved of my bashfulness, and of my complaint, I begin to discover others of my way of thinking, and who agree with me in saying that blunders committed at home cannnot be repaired under a period of 18 months or two years; which makes me despair of living to see justice done to the manufacturers and free merchants of Great Britain: therefore I will, after thanking you, gentlemen, who have so wisely promot- ed and so ably maintained this discussion, shape my course N. W. and tell father (he being a member of the home firm), that the E. I. Co. are still trading in Canton stronger than ever!—though in a single article, namely, “Printed Paper”—an article which my friend, Samgua, considers, a wonder- ful invention, and which he declares he prefers to our best and most suitable patterns, whether of Woollen or Cotton, and absolutely langhs at me when I propose to him the acceptance of any other goods whilst these Paper articles last.—It is unfortunate, with our steam engines and workmen (not to be excelled in ingenuity), that I see no chance to rival this article, as we want the open government treasury in Bengal. and for which I can find no substitute. Father told me that formerly the E. I. Co. used to buy a large lot of our Woollens annually for this market; but I am sure at that time the manufacture of these Paper Goods had not been discovered, as it is worse than useless to bring a yard of cloth here now. Samgua seems to say, that not only may we keep our gol-ls at home; but also ourselves; for that He and One No. 1 good heart company's gentlemen can do all the Trade Pigeon between China and England; and, by the help of this wonderful article, send home every chest of tea and every bale of silk, without any bother about bringing Woollens, Irons, and Cottons here; and if matters last so another year his words will come good. Baillie Jarvie (if alive) would say—“My cons- cience”—a pretty story this for Glasgow.—And now for my acknowledg- ments to you, gentlemen, who have kindly assisted me in making out my case with my employers, which “saves my bacon; and enables me to meet the home firm with a bold face; permit me to say, we are “all in one basket” —all disappointed men:—Viator, that he does not share in the loaves and fishes; Observer, in exposure risking his next year's portion; Veto, sighs that the “Roast beef of old England does not ring out at the company's table, as formerly, 3 o'clock I recisely; and you, Mr. Editor, must be cast down when you see that Free Trade once truly established, all wrangling ceases; no longer any use for your powerful pen. “Othello's occupation's gone.”—Farewell. I go home and tell Father not to ruin himself by sending Woollens and Cottons to a market where Print- ted Paper is preferred. Your humble servant Macao, 26 September, 1835. Jacob faithfull, jr. Mr. Editor, The only part of your remarks on the affray on board the Danish Ship “Syden,” intelligible to a person of so small a “Parson-Power” in reading as myself, is, that part wherein you recommend Captain Burd to make a deposition of the whole circumstances before the Commander of H. B. M. Sloop, “Raleigh.”—I know not whether your good intentions to Captain Burd, or national vanity, had most share in such a ridiculous proposal.-Have not the pendants of France, America, or Denmark, equal authority in these seas, as that at the mast head of the Raleigh 2 and do you ever persuade your British readers to T. to them in civil cases? I, for my part, would advise Captain Burd to stick to his own flag:-but since you seem to have such a penchant for Pendants—the most appropriate one I can recommend is a black Seed: E pendant (at the fore yard arm) under the T H E - 9-lit" blº Hºustº “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” ºf Oż. 8. - FOR LONDON. º HE ship “EMMA EUGENIA,” burthen 400 Tons, J. Milbank, Com- mander, will meet with early despatch from WHAMpo A, part of her cargo being engaged. For freight apply to A. S. KEATING._ --- FOR LONDON. THE ship ELIZA STEWART, Robert Millar Commander, will have early despatch. For freight apply to WETMORE & Co. F(). It L() NIDO N. HE ROYAL GEORGE, Captain Richards, 486 tons per Register, * will meet with all despatch. For freight apply to JARDINE, Matheson & Co. FOR LONDON. 'r THE LADY KENN AWAY, Captain Bolton, teek built, 580 tons per Register, will meet with all despatch. For freight apply to JARDINE, MAtheson & Co. FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER TO EUROPE. HE fine new British built ship MARGARET, 364 Tons Register, William Johns, R. N. Commander. For freight or charter, from Whampoa, apply to Douglas, MAckFNzie & Co. F(). R LIVERPOOL. - HE brig LADY CHARLOTTE, A.1. 190 Tons Register, George Keen, Commander. For freight apply to Dougi. As, MAckr. Nzie & Co. FORTFREIGHT OR (XHARTER TO LONDON OR LIVERPOOL. HF first class bark “ARAB,” 500 Tonsburden, J. J. SpArkes, (late H. C. S.). Commander. For freight apply to BELL & Co. TT FOR SINGAPORE & BOMBAY. HE ship HELEN, George Setford, Commander, will leave WHAM- poa in the first week of October. For freight apply to C. SAPoor JEE & R. Buſ RJoR JEE. No. 5 Powshun Factory. FOR SINGAPORE. HE ship William Wilson, captain Millen, will have quick despatch. Apply to WILLIAM Hºspºnsos - FREIGHT TO BOMBAY. HIP HoRMrs Fr Boxia NJEE, Commander, will leave Whampoa on the 15th October. For particulars apply to FRAMJEE PEstower. FOR BOMBAY TOUCHING AT SINGAPORE. HE well known fast sailing ship LORD CASTLEREAGH, burthen 800 tons, Captain P. Tonks, to sail from WHAM poa on the 25th proximo. For freight apply to Fu R Doon JEE HoRMUzjee. - No. 2 French Factory. FOR SALE. HE Calcutta built brig REB ECCA, measuring per Register 924 tons, well found in stores, now lying in Cumsingmoon. For particulars apply to 1. Bell & Co. Canton, or Capt. Roe. on Board. w F () R SALE. wO India Built Ships, of about 550 and 800 Tons Register. For T particulars apply to JARDINE, MATH Eso N & Co. ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. To Correspondents. “Tims,” versus A man going down to Jericho”—has been received; but as Tºms enters too much into personalities respecting “A Man &c.", and also asserts his knowledge of his person and pursuits, of which we neither know nor care to know any thing, we must be excused from inserting his letter, which would only lead to an angry rejoinder. Tims's letter will be returned, if called for; if not demanded, it will be destroyed. C. A N TO N. Arrived the American ships, MoR RISON, Ingersoll, on the 4th instant, from New-York the 2nd of June; and NEpo N set, Lowe, from Boston and Java. The British ships, A Lex ANDER BARING, St. Croix, from London; Red Rov ER, Clifton, from Calcutta; JANE BROWN, Dunlop, from Singapore; and JUMNA, Pinder, from Liverpool the 3rd. of June. - - By the Morrison, two missionaries from the episcopal church of America, the Reverend–Hanson, and the Reverend—Lockwood, arrived.These are the first members of a protestant episcopal church who have entered on the arduous service of the China mission. We are glad of the arrival of these gentlemen, as we shall always be of others, TUEsday, october 13TH, 1835. CHARLES GRANT. No. 41.; ºis.} whose first efforts must be employed in learning the Chinese language; for we consider that the power and respectability of the foreigners of every nation are greatly encreased by the encrease of the knowledge of the language amongst them; and it cannot ſail to raise the foreign character generally in the estimation of the local government and people, when they know so many are solely devoted to the study of their “flowery tongue;” America is now foremost in the honor- able pursuit of civilising the natives of this empire, but we hope she will not be left alone in her attempts to do that mighty task. THE PROVINCIAL. CITY. In the night of the 15th of the moon—October 6– H. E. Wang, the criminal judge, going his rounds, incog. in Yungkwang street, near the foreign factories, observ- ed., some gamblers playing at dice. He immediately called and ordered his runners to seize them. The gamblers scattered themselves in flight; the runners seize four, and each of them were punished on the spot with twenty blows and then set at liberty. The military, people &c. hold the judge in great terror. On the 16th of moon—7th of October. The fooyuen of Fuhkeen sent Leyuhkeen, an officer of the 9th degree of rank, in charge of a robber, named Woodkwan, together with his booty — money—to Canton, to be delivered over to H. E. Ke, the fooheen (the fooyuen, acting governor) for examination and punishment.—It is suspected this man was concerned in robbing the Troughton. - In the evening of this day, in Tahoke street, several tens of men, armed with military weapons pursued and captured a criminal, long guilty of heavy crimes. This offender is a very tall man (about 63 feet); and it is said he is very skilful in the use of weapons. As he had long plundered the neighbouring villages, and escaped capture, the officers offered a reward of three thousand dollars for him; which is the reason why his captors pursued him with arins. On the 17th of the moon, It was rumoured that H. E. Pang, the hoppo, received a private letter, which stated that the emperor had already appointed another hoppo to Canton; and that Pang, therefore, would not iong remain in office. It is said of the late governor Loo, that whan he fill- ed the office of fooyuen of Canton, he ruled the people rather well; but when he returned as the governor-general of the two Kwang, then he was not the same as former- ly. They say of him, that he and Loowankin (the late Mowgua, familiarly known to foreigners as Bardolph), of the Kwangle hong, were on mutually good terms and understand- ing. Loowankin was a bad man (our informant is a native;) and the governor Loo put implicit faith in his word in all foreiyn affairs: therefore the governor was a bad man. The public treasury is now deficient more than 300000 taels. The Kwangchowfoo assisted him with 100000 taels, the hoppo with 100000taels, and the salt and hong merchants with 100000 taels, to supply the deficiency. On the 20th of the moon, llth inst. čeneral Lun, the acting Tseangkeun, or commander in chief—spread his sails, and went to the Tiger's gate to review the squadron. “Mid autumn term”. The following is a translation of a native's account of the ceremonies observed at this period. | 62 THE CANTon REGISTER, The 15th day of the 8th moon of each year is called the Chungtsew tsee—“mid autumn term”. The ancient saying teaches that in the middle of autumn the moon increases in splendour; this day is the birthday of the spirit of the moon; and on this occasion the customs of the middle kingdom are as follows. From the 1st to the 15th of the eighth moon, the same kinds of cakes are made in every cakeshop; and only mooncakes are made, which are thus described: they are made round to resemble the moon, and are of three different kinds; one is called, Soo-ping, goosefat cake; another Gangpeping, stiff and hard skin cake; another Juenpe ping, soft and yielding skin cake. The Sooping cake weighs about 4 taels. The small Gangpe cake weighs about four taels; the large, five catties. On the surface are drawn representations of men and things in five different colours, The small Juenpe cake weighs 4 taels; the large, one catty. The surfaces of this kind of cake are not ornamented like the others. All these different kinds have both a sweet and salt taste. These cakes are exchanged as presents between families, and also between the officers of government: this is called Tsung- tseele—“the presenting term ceremony”. Until the 15th all persons burn three kinds of fragrant candles, and wor- ship the gods with wine and moon cakes, and then invite their relations and friends to joy and drinking; this custom is called Tsaoutsee; these festivities extend into the night, when they spread their tables, and feast and drink beneath the shining moon, which is called Shangyue—“delighting in the moon beams.”—The females of every family also observe the same customs as to cakes, candles, and wine; they wor- ship the moon, which is called Hoyue—“congratulating the moon.” They then, the worship of the moon being finished, likewise sit beneath her brightness and “delight in the moonbeams”. Lighted lanterns are boisted on long baniboo poles far up into the empty firmament, the meaning of which is also to congratulate the moon. The common saying has it thus; “The spirit of the moon presides over the affairs of the marriages of mortals; therefore women are most given to worship her, praying for children, or an early marriage &c.” — The chungtsew term is observed with nearly the same ceremonies in every pro- vince of the empire; but with the greatest splendour and uoise in Kwangtung. On the 4th day of the 6th moon—29th June—it was reported to the emperor that the let k of the door of his Coachhouse had been picked, and three golden buttons stolen from the tops of his state umbrellas. All the oſlicers connected with the department, watchmen &c. were hand- ed over to the board of punishments for examination. It was proved that besides the golden buttons, two other golden ornaments had been stolen. The members of the board of punishments report back that the theſt must have been occasioned by the negligence of the officers who had charge of the emperor's travelling equipages; and they recommend that they should be deliver- ed over for punishment. The emperor recorded their re- port. w SIMI LA R1TY 1N THE POLICY OF THE CH IN ESE AND OTHER ASIATIC GOVERNMENTS. The linese government has long been regarded as a government wholly sui generis, whether as regards its system, its policy, or its laws. It appears to us, how- ever, that this is not altogether the case; and in support of this our opinion, we purpose giving, from time to time, extracts from various authors respecting other countries of Asia, and bringing forward the points in which the Chinese manifestly are, or are not, similar. But we first mark an objection to the possibility of any strict comparison and exact parallel between the middle kingdom and that of any other that has as yet flourished in the world: and the objection may be used, as occasion may offer, by those who coincide or disagree with our opinions; and it this: namely; —that the Chinese, and Tartar-Chinese, governments; or, Perhaps, more strictly speaking, the personal assumptions of the autocrats and the spirit of the laws, are the only ins- tances of a nation claiming, de jure divino—unless the bis- hops of Rome are quoted –universal sovereignty: not the sovereignty gained by conquest and consolidated by political combinations, but the sovereignty of a father over his chil- dren, deputed to that office by the course of nature, and the revolving heavens; in one word—by fate. For this claim of sovereignty, being based on the Chinese laws, opinions and customs; deduced and endeavoured to be proved from their nomenclature — obscure and incomprehensi- ble in many points—of the Yang and the Yin principles —active and passive—from the co-operating energies of which dual powers all visible things were produced;— from their cosmºgony, father heaven and mother earth; whence the seasons, and fruits, animals and men: from the title of Teentsze, heaven's son, and from the name of this “terrestial sphere,” which they peculiarly apply to their own portion of it—namely: Teenhea, all below the firmament:— and the emperor of China, claiming to be the Teentsze, the ‘son of heaven’—therefore all below the firmament must be his own, his empire:–can any genealogy be more distinct? Can any sway be more indisputable? We will, en passant, make a slight and brief attempt to show cause to our cotemporary, the Canton Press, why the face of the universal father, the emperor of China, is black towards us, the far-removed cadets of his numerous family.—It is not that our many-coloured locks are eclipsed by the raven and glossy blackness of the silken pen- dants of his flowery and best beloved children of Han–but because we are, and have ever been, rebellious and undutiful: —we have wandered away from the middle kingdom to the four bordering barbarous confines, and wetherefore reap the due and proper reward of our want of filial piety, and of own folly: we are, indeed, the “desdichados”—cut off with a shilling, and occasionally threatened with the bamboo. But let us, like the prodigal son, repent the errors of our ways, eschew hips and haws and seek tea and rhubarb, cleanse our ſleshly eyes and humanize our barbarian hearts, repair to the footstool of the dragon's seat, and, pros- trate in the dust, conſess our naughtinesses and pray for- giveness; then will the beneficent influences of heaven's son beam forth in unclouded lustre, and he will receive us, one and all, into the number of his cherished children; he will renovate us by his precepts and example, ſeed us with his bounty, watch over us with sleepless care, and guide us to our eternal rest in the tombs of our forefathes in the celestial soil. Then shall Teenhea—all below the firmament—be tranquillized!— What need, then, of bickering?–Submit, and be fed and taught; be contumacious, and be excluded and scattered to the ſardistant, unfruitſul regions; be driven out and starved in ignorance. You may call down upon yourselves, Oye ignorant hordes of savage barbarians, our contempt, indignation and punishment; for heaven's son must do his duty, and guard and nourish his obedient black- haired progeny—but dream not that ye can possibly incur our hatred, or awake our ſears. But to return to our subject, our first selection is regarding the diſficulties encountered by Lieut. Burnes in his endeavours to enter Sinde, by the Indus, and his final triumph over them. We quote from the second edition of the gallant officer's travels into Bokhara, vol. 2.,p. 14,et seq. “The jealousy of the Sinde government had been often experienced, and it was therefore suggested that we should sail for the Indus without giving any previous information. Immediately on anchoring, I despatched a com- munication to the agent of the Ameers at Darajee, signifying my plans; and in the mean while, ascended the river with caution, anchoring in the fresh water on the second evening, thirty-five miles from the sea.... We passed many villages, and had much to enliven and excite our attention, had we not purposely avoiced all intercourse with the people till made acquainted with the fate of our intimation to the authorities at Darajee. A day passed in anxious, suspense; but, on the following morning, a body of armed men crowded round our boats, and the whole neighbourhood was in a state of the greatest excitement. The party stated themselves to be the soldiers of the Ameer, sent to number our party and see the contents of all the boats, as will as every box that they contained. I gave a ready and immediate assent; and we were instantly boarded by about fifty armed men, who wrenched open erery thing, and prosecuted the most rigorous search for cannon and gunpowder. When the search had been completed, I entered into conversation with the head man of the party, and had hoped to establish, by his means, a friendly connection with the authorities; but, after a short pause, this personage intimated, that a report of the day's transactions would be forthwith transmit- ted to Hydrabad; and that in the mean while, it was incumbent on us to await THE CANTon REGISTER. the decision of the Ameer, at the mouth of the river. The request appeared reasonable, and the more so, since the party agreed to furnish us with etery supply while so situated. We therefore weighed anchor, and dropped down the river; but here our civilities ended. By the way we were met by several “dingies” full of armed men, and at night were hailed by one of them to know how many troops we had on board. We replied that we had not even a musket. “The evil is done,” rejoined a rude Belooche soldier, “you have seen our country;-but we have four thousand men ready for ac'ion!" To this vain-glorious observation succeeded torrents of abuse; and when we reached the mouth of the river, the party fired their matchlocks over us; but I drop- ped anchor, and resolved, if possible, to repel these insults by personal remonstrance. It was useless; we were surrounded by ignorant barbarians, who shouted out, in reply to all I said, that they had been ordered to turn us out of the country.” Mr. Burnes then “protested against their conduct; and reminded them that he was" the representative, however humble, of a great government." But “an hour's delay served to convince him that personal violence would ensue iſ he persisted” in the resolutiou to stay, and he therefore left the place. He was “willing to believe that the soldiers had exceeded the authority granted to them;" and addres- sed the authorities in Sinde, as will as Colonel Pottinger, the Resident in Cutch; after which he “was speedily put in possession of a letter from the Ameer, couched in friendly terms, but narrating, at great length, the difficulty and impossibility of navigating the Indus.” But as there was no positive refusal to admit him, Mr. Burnes was not discouraged, but made a second attempt to enter the river by another of its debouchures. A storm, however, drove him back; and he then entered a third mouth, from which he addressed a document to the agents at Darajee, telling his object, and throwing himself upon the pro- tection of the Ameer. “This remonstrance (he remarks) drew no reply fron the agent at Dara- jee; for the individual who had held that situation on our first visit to Sinde, had been dismissed for permitting us to ascend the river; and our servants brought us notice, that we should not be permitted to land, nor to receive either food or water.... When our supply of water failed, I despatched a small boat up the river to procure some; but it was seized, and the party detained; which now rendered us hopeless of success, and only anxious to quit the in- hospitable shores of Sinde.” We pause to review what we have already extracted. How precise does the answer made to Mr. Burnes tally with that of the Chinese authorities to lord Napier, when he too, in accordance with the wishes of those who sent him to China, entered the river without “giving any pre- vious intimation”! In both cases the request appeared reasonable—but to those only who were ignorant of its real meaning. Had lord Napier been backed by such a force —whether moral or physical– as enabled Mr. Burnes finally to succeed, he might perhaps have retired to Ma- cao without material injury to the purposes he had in view. But under the circumstances in which he was placed, had he immediately “returned to Macao” on a consideration of the reasonableness of the request, though his valuable life might indeed have been spared, yet his object must neces- sarily have been relinquished, without even an effort to obtain it. How exactly, again, do the Sindians and Chinese accord in the free use of false promises and base pretences! They “agree to furnish every supply” but as soon as their point is gained, their “civilities end " How similar are their vainglorious boasts! Four thous- and men ready to turn out a handful of unarmed foreigners! How perfect is the deception practised by both, until experience teaches one to see through the flimsy veil which covers them! And are not both governments altogether on a par as regards“ignorance,” at least, if not “barbarism?” —Unbacked by either moral or physical force, to remons- trate with them will indeed be found always “useless”. Further, does it not lead us to think ourselves in the celes- tial empire, rather than on the banks of the Indus, when we find an officer dismissed for having suffered foreigners to ascend the river; orders given that they “should not be permitted to land, nor to receive either food or water;” and the boats which they send for water seized, and the people detained 2 With much naiveté, Mr. Burnes at length exclaims.--"It could not now be concealed that the conduct of the Ameer of Sinde was most unfriendly:-and yet we are told that similar conduct on the part of the Chinese is dictated by real friendship and good policy! Good policy it may be, on the part of the interested few; 163 but we are at a loss to conceive in what the friendship consists. “It was evident" (Mr. Burnes continues) that the Ameer viewed the expedition with the utmost distrust and alarm; and the native agent who resides at Hydrabad on the part of the British government, described, not without some degree of humour, the fear and dread of this jealous potentate. In his estimation, we were the precursors of an army; and did he now desire to grant us a passage through Sinde, he was at a loss to escape from the false- hoods and contradictions whicn he had already stated in his epistles.” But our limits compel us to defer the conclusion of our extracts, as well as our remarks upon them, to another number. It may be asked us, granting all that we wish to contend for as to the similarity of the two governments, and the causes of the different results attending Mr. Burnes and lord Napier's expeditions, to what practical utility our extracts and remarks can possibly tend ? To this we answer, that we regard the endeavour to improve the rela- tions of foreigners with China as a duty, binding upon all who are connected with this country; and that if we can suc- ceed in procuring the adoption of one useful measure our- selves, whether by proposing such a measure, or by stating facts which may lead others to propose it, we shall never regard our time or labour as lost. ( To be continued. ) Miscella NEous EURoPEAN News. Sources of Church Patronage.—The following interesting document on this subject is extracted from the “British Magazine,” a periodical sure not to tell too much:—Patrons of benefices: The King 93 benefices, Ditto as Prince of Wales 35, Duke of Lancaster 52, the King by the Lord Chancellor 824, in all 1,004: bishops 1.298, deans 73, chapters 694, digni- taries, and prebends 291, in all 2.3585, Oxford 432, Cambridge 313, Eton 42, Winchester 15, St. David's 4, in all 835; private patrons and lay cor- porations 6,549; total in England and Wales 10,711. The more usual statement is; Clerical 2.35% collegiate 805, lay patrons 7,553, in all 10,711–The National, April 26. THE LATE Mrs. HEMANs.-Felicia Dorothea Brown was born in Liverpool, in a small, quaintlooking house, old fashioned and desolate, in the midst of the newer, buildings by which it is surrounded. Her father was a native of Ireland, her mother a German lady, a Miss Wagner, but descended from, or connected with, some Venetian family, a circumstance which she would playfully mention, as accounting for the strong tinge of romance and poetry which pervaded her character from her earliest child. hood. Our abstaining from any attempt minutely to trace her history requires no apology, it is enough to say, that when she was very young her family removed from Liverpool, to the neighbourhood of St. Asaph, in North Wales; that she married at an early age, that her married life after the birth of five sons,was clouded by the estrangement of her husband. that on the death of her mother, with whom she had resided, she broke up her establishment in Wales, and removed to Wavertree, in the neighbour- hood of Liverpool, from whence, after a residence of about three years, she again to removed to Dublin, her last restingplace.—Athenaeum. : - A newspaper is a voice that will be heard; for if it fail in its desperate effort to have its own way,and produce a desired effect, it gives up attemp- ting to make the mountain come to it, and very wisely sides with the collected mass. It is the mirror of public opinion; not the original or fundamental creator, but the munificent distributor. You may be heartily sick of politics, commerce, and the rest of the perverse present; but the newspaper claims your ear as its prey, and remorselessly pursues you for ever. Dart away by the mail to escape from some detested news of Bourbon or St. Nicholas, and take shipping at the Land's-end, “the paper” goes with you; hide yourself where you will, it finds you out; it is the bell- man of your social existence, your jº, your familiar; in short, there is no evading it. The first house we set our foot in, on arriving in Mexico in 1825—a time of war, trouble, and yellow fever, and before speculators and travellers had ventured their lives and fortunes to work mines, or writo a book—there sat the Vice Consul's clerk, blowing swift clouds from a much-excited cigar, behind a copy of the incorrigible omnipresent Times newspaper!— The French chemists make the following proposition, in order to render less frequent the crime of poisoning, and to put on their guard those who may be marked out as the victims of revenge, jealousy, or the like. From 1824 to 1832, the number of individuals accused of poisoning was 273; and it appeared, that in many instances the intended victims had been saved by the bad taste communicated to the food by the poisonous substance. It is, therefore, recommended that it should be rendered compulsory to color or give a flavor to all poisonous substances which would not be deteriorated by the admixture. For the latter purpose, aloes have been suggested; and of this many English as well as French chemists have approved. It has also been commended to scent all poisons with the same odour-musk, for instance.—New York American, June 2. I G6 THE CANTON REGISTER. On Sunday it was reported that the boat of H. E. Ha, the tseang-keun of Canton, who set out on his journey to the capital about the 20th of september, was plundered off Shaoukwan; the particulars are not known. Peking Gazette, 7th moon, 10th day. (2nd September). The imperial will has been received. The Tseangkeun, or tatar-general, Sootsingko, has departed this life (ekoo +) at Keihlin. Formerly he guarded the Kantsingmun, or gate of heavenly purity—of the inner palace—for many feats. y And also serving afield with the armies, his meritorious services have been great. Now, in the middle of the 2nd moon of this year, he died. It was then that I felt the deepest grief. Now, the coffin containing the corse has arrived at Peking. I order the Tootung, Kaoukihnae, to go forth and perform the funeral rites. #.. this. similarity 1N THE POLICY OF THE CHIN ESE AND OTHER ASIATIC GOVERNMENTS. Pursuant to the engagement which we made in the last number of the Register, we now beg to introduce Turkey and the Turks to our readers, as a government and people whose customs amongst themselves and manners towards foreigners assimilate to those of China and the Chinese, in the same instances. Yet in the case of Turkey, it is the fault of foreigners themselves—that is, of the governments of Europe—that they are in the power of a set of ignorant, selfish, cowardly, and fanatical dragomans, who constantly misrepresent their wishes and intentions, and falsify their deods and words; the Ottoman Porte being thus kept in ignorance of the true political relations of Europe, and the real interest and conduct of the different powers towards it's own government, may occasionally have been blamed for apparent vacillation, mistrust, or a breach of faith. The same reflection is applicable to the emperor of China and his government; and, until of late years, even to the governor and the local government of Canton. Since the arrival of Dr. Morrison in China in 1808, these things have been somewhat better managed here than in Constantinople. Yet the policy of England towards Turkey is as great an enigma as her policy towards the celestial empire. It is surprising–wonderful—that so great a commercial nation as Great Britain, should, as it were, systematically neglect the civil protection of her commerce in all parts of the globe. We believe some of the British Consuls, and most, if not all, of the British vice- consuls, up the Mediterranean are foreigners, Italians! —India is still a country of restrictions as to the transit of goods, and the customhouse system; Canada is disturbed; in South America, the presence of H. M. Ships have been the protection, and H. M. Officers the referees on ques- tions, of British interests, although there are consuls and vice-consuls in every state with salaries from £700 to £2500 er ann. The British Ambassador and consul at St. Fºrs are quiet enough; and in this part of the world, resident in an empire bordering on that of Russia (the Golosze), we have no body to take care of us and our trade but the governor of Canton and a tatar slave of the imperial family—the hoppoſ—The chancellor of the exchequer, if he does not confer pensions on every British subject resident in Canton since the retirement of lord Napier, for their orderly and patriotic conduct in silently , and resignedly undergoing various monkish and domestic privations, and submitting to be deprived of the privileges of civilized men, for the sake of preserving the Emperor's peace and the continuance of the trade, should at least bring forward a motion that the thanks of H. M. and both houses of parliament be voted ... t. Here is an instance of a delicate and respectful term applied to the decease of an officer of rank, Perhaps it might be accurately translated, fuit Huntsze. The term sze, to die—the extinction of the vital spark—was applied to the demise of lord Napier. - to us, who have proved ourselves so mindful of the com- mercial interests of our country. The following extract from a record of travels, which has been highly praised in various periodicals and papers in England, will show how helpless, and even ridiculous, the English ambassador to the sublime Porte must have occasionally appeared to the descendant of the prophet and his Divan. But the schoolmaster is now even in Turkey; and the press is working the way to a better order of things. The Moniteur Ottoman is a paper, advocating the principles of free trade and unrestricted commerce—always the commercial policy of Turkey—and conducted in a spirit of liberality that shames the half-and-half milk-and-water advances of other nations—calling themselves more enlightened—to the same end.—There are schoolmasters and pupils enough in China, but when shall we have a Peking Monitor 2–We hope the emperor ordered copies to be made of the “Chinese Magazine,” and that he will recommend it to the serious attention of his great officers of state: thus they will have a fresh base to work upon, and may improve their knowledge, and style from the talents and persevering industry of a foreigner. The dragomans may be considered, as in truth they consider themselves, the nobility of the kings. * No aristocracy, not that of the celestial empire, equals them in self-importance. To see the head dragoman of an embassy shuffle along the street of Pera, not bowing to those who bow to him, or looking at those who look at him, stepping only out of the way of a blind beggar, or a basking cur, or a puddle—three common obstructions in a Turkish town—a person may not be very fresh from the west, and take him for a Mollah. Yet, in truth, he is an important personage in others’ as well as in his own estimation. All the rayas and others protected by the ambas- sador, his employer, regard him as their immediate protector—the prime minister of their sovereign. All that aspire to the same enviable exemption from Turkish prerogative court his favor as the means of obtaining it: in fine, all in any way dependent on any of the embassies respect him because he may choose to change his employer, thereby becoming their immediate superior. To each embassy are attached four or five dragomans with high salaries, with more or less knowledge of the Turkish language; some slender enough, Five or six jeunes des º: (as they are termed) are also attached to each—sons or nephews of the fºrmer—receiving salaries, and studying the language in order to fill the posts of dragomans to which they are eventually called. Few of the young men, however, acquire a competent knowledge of it before the time when they may be required to interpret at the divan of the reis effendi for the simple reason, that in Pera Turkish is never spoken; their mother tongue is Greek; their domestics are all Greeks, and they are reduced to learn a very difficult language through the sole medium of a master which might be nearly as well done in London. They are not sub- mitted to any test whereby to judge of their qualifications, and therefore are careless, often to the detriment of the public service. Learned or ignorant, they are certain of a salary, so great is the influence of the body congregate. Whence these dealers in languages drew their origin would puzzle the most consummate king of arms to determine, notwithstanding that some of them have gained modern Italian countships or baronial honours. We may suppose, for the stock, that a few Italians with a smattering of tongues in the suite of the Venetian and Genoese bails, two or three centuries back, united themselves with the families of some Greeks, protected for the same qualifications. These married and intermarried—cousins with cousins, un- cles with nieces, nephews with aunts—and increased to what they are at present, in numbers to supply the wants of all the embassies, and sufficiently bound in relationships to have the secrets of all the embassies in common, to be made use of as occasion prompts. This is not supposition. Let a perfect stranger marry into the family of a dragoman, he will have a con- nexion in every embassy. He would soon be au courant of affairs, concerning or not concerning him:-a Pereote, brought up in the odour of dragomanerie, Machiavelian school, can never be ignorant of them. This kind of partnership is very convenient for the members of the large dragoman family. It enables them to hold their employers in check; in many cases to defy them. The threat of an ambassador to do without them excited mirth at its impotency. It often happens that an ambassador dare not discharge a dragoman with whom he is discontented, lest, as he naturally would, he go with his secrets into the service of another government. How many important negociations have failed in consequence of their being open to bribery ! How grievous it must be for an ambassador, charged with a delicate mission, on arriving at Constantinople. (perhaps for the first time in his life), where he is opposed to keen rivals, his actions watched, his words noted, to find that he must throw himself into the arms of men whom he feels he should not trust. He may not be able to talk French well; his dragoman cannot talk English; thus rendering a double interpretation necessary. A dragoman rarely ceases to receive the pay of a government, even after proofs of delinquency. Another serious inconvenienco, arising from the employment of Pereotes as dragomans, is their fear of the Porte of which they cannot divest themselves, notwithstanding the sure, never falsified, protection which they enjoy. This, aided by the nature of an oriental education, of which obsequiousness and mystification form the ground-work, renders it impossible to get plain truth, if harsh, conveyed to the ears of a Turkish minister. Let us suppose an ambassador at the divan of the reis effendi, with the intention of administering to him a few threats or reproaches, which the nature of the t Ambassadors 168 TiE CANTON REGISTER. men of all ages have had no pretence to any of these qualifications. But the real pith of this petition-question is, whilst it conveyed the sentiments of the majority of the, “native born British inhabitants in China,” whether that majority did not represent, by far, the greatest part of the British commerce with this country? –If it did, then that minister who would childishly and rashly slight the representations of so influential and important a body of his countrymen would only exhibit his own supercilious ignorance, and manifest his utter incapa- city and unfitness to share in the management of the public concerns of a free nation. In fact, of the firms then in Canton, two only did not sign the petition. The head of one of these two firms was present when the petition was signed by others; and that fact is, as we have already said, a fair inference that that gentleman was not altogether op- posed to the petition. The remaining firm, then, is left as the only opponent of all the British born commercial community. How far that firm can justify it's opposition or maintain the daring position in which Crito has placed it, nous verrons. So much for the honesty and accuracy of Crito; we now leave the subject, having said enough to serve our pre- sent purpose. We do not allude to that respectable and inſluential portion of British subjects in China, the Parsee mer- chants, because we are altogether ignorant why not one of them signed the petition to H. M. in Council. We should be obliged to any of them, if they would favour us with the reason, and also with their general sentiments on the prayer of the petition. We had written the foregoing remarks, when we received Leo's letter.—We do not approve either of it's taste or style; nevertheless we give it a place, for it's animus can scarce be worse than that lurking in Crito's letter; and the representatives of the E. I. Co. in China did not, just before and on the abolition of the Charter, retire from the busy scenes with much dignity. They canãot, with Augustus, ask for the applause of their fellow countrymen in China; or if they were to be so presumptuous, we feel sure the majority would withhold it. Dear Mr. Editor, There are animals provided by nature with the power of exuding, when expiring, or just in fear of death, such disgusting matter, as to make it a subject of calculation with the naked human or the rough brute hunter, how far the unworthy carcase, though an easy and certain prey, is worth the contamination attending the approach. In this situation do I hold the remains of the honorable Company and their recent co-adjutors here with respect to the majority of Society, which, in their dying throes, they try to calumniate and abuse, in the face of facts, numbers, and argument: so situated, my dear Mr. Editor, leave them to their vain and somewhat late vituperation, with this adage—that the losing gamester has had (time im- memorial) the right to grumble. Your's 17th October, Canton. LEO. - HOW TO CON DEMN A SLAVER In the letter end of the year 1834 H. M. Sloop Raleigh captured a slaver. The captain of the Raleigh sent her, in charge of a lientenant, to Rio Janeiro. There it was en- deavoured to prove the seizure unlawful. But owing to some lucky discoveries, that came out during the trial, and inform- ation procured from the customhouse, the owner of the slaver, after many difficulties, was proved to be a Brazilian. Still the Brazilian commissioner persisted in declaring the seizure to be unlawful, and the English commissioner, as was very natural and to be expected, thought that she was a regular good prize to the Raleigh. - “Who shall decide when doctors disagree?” The answer is easy—do as they did at Rio in this case— draw lots; procure a long and a short straw, long to win. The arbitrators at Rio picked straws and the English had the longest; consequently the slaver was condemned as being a good and lawſul prize to the Raleigh: it is, therefore, very clear that the days of special pleading are ended. Re- membering the course of policy that has been pursued towards China, we think the drawing-of-straws-system would be an improvement; it would be short, easy, cheap, and pleasant to all but the loser; but he should consider the great saving in time and money, and become a willing sacrifice for the good of the community—and the ahstract questions of right, and law, are, by this simple easy pro- ceeding, put aside—therefore short straw, lony straw, these are the the best deciders. Society For the diffusion of Userul KNowledge in ChiNA. Minutes of the first annual meeting of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge in China. Agreeably to public notice, the first annual general meeting of the Society for the diffusion of Useful Knowledge in China, was held this day (Oct. 19th 1835,) at 12 o'clock, in the American Hong No. 2. There were present the following gentlemen, Wm. Jardine, Robert Inglis, Wm. S. Wetmore, James Innes. D. W. C. Olyphant, Alexander Matheson, G. R. Sampson, J. Slade, Andrew Johnstone, Wm. Mackenzie, Wm. Mc. Killigin, W. Bell, J. Henry, R. Turner, Framjee Pestonjee, S. W. Williams, the Revd. F. R. Hanson, the Revd. H. Lockwood, the Revd. P. Parker, and the Revd. E. C. Bridg. man. The president and secretary of the Society both being absent from Canton, Mr. Wetmore was called to the chair and the Revd. Mr. Bridgman appointed secretary. The following Report of the committee was then read by the secretary. REPORT. WHEN great enterprises are to be undertaken, in unexplored fields, the first efforts are usually compassed with many difficulties and often opposed by great obstacles. Perhaps no association was ever formed under circumstances more peculiar than those of this society. Free, paci- fic, and benevolent, in it's design, it recognizes no authority, either to protect or sustain it, except those of reason and truth. The rights which it claims are simply those of putting within the reach of a great nation the richest treasures of knowledge which can be gathered from the records of past and present times. The field which invites—invites by it's multiplied necessities—the labors of this society, contemplates the welfare of a third part of our species, who are scattered over a vast extent of territory, stretch- ing from the Russian frontiers on the north to the equator on the south, and from the Pacific Ocean on the east to the mountains of central Asia on the west. Many thousands of Chinese, and others who speak their lan- guage, are already accessible; and unless the spirit of the age and the march of improvement are checked, every year we may expect will bring them more into contact with the people of the west.—Such are the wants of man that they are never satisfied: the wants of this nation are great; its natural productions are also great: these have given rise to an exten- sive commerce, which, so long as those wants continue and those produc- tions are needed, will not cease; and if the first increase, as they doubtless will, the latter will do so also, and commerce in the hands of enlightened and philanthropic men will prepare the way for the wide diffusion of useful knowledge. Those, if such there were, who expected that “treatises in the Chinese language, on such branches of useful knowledge as are suited to the pre- sent condition of the people of this empire,' could in a few months be pre- pared and published, will not find their expectations realized; nor will they, we trust, after considering all the circumstances of the case see cause to regret the formation of this society, or to complain either of the measures which it has adopted or of the incipient labors which it has performed. Your committee have felt that the responsibility of the society must depend very much on the measures which it adopts, and the manner in which it carries them into effect. Every plan should be well matured; and every publication prepared in the best style. As yet the committee have not sent forth to the Chinese a single publication; but having surveyed the ground before them, they see occasion for a great variety, and very arduous labors, and they cherish the hope that the time may not be very distant when, encouraged and countenanced by the most enlightened and liberal of this country, the society will be enabled to send forth its standard and periodical publications freely through all the provinces of the empire and to all who speak the same language in the surrounding countries. Considering that much of what the society will have to communi- cate to the Chinese will be new to them, requiring many new names in geography, history, and science, your committee early took measures for preparing a Chinese nomenclature, which shall conform to the pronun- ciation of the court (or mandarin) dialect, but embrace as far as possible names that are already in use. Considerable advances have been made in this work, and the characters for expressing a large number of names of persons, places, &c., have been selected. Years, however, will be needed to carry this work to that state of perfection which the exigences of the case require. It can only be perfected as the terms are from time to time needed for use. In a description of a steam engine,for ins- tance, or of the manipulations of a laboratory, in order to convey full in- formation of the necessary apparatus and modes of operation, many new terms will be required. Your committee have not contemplated the publication of this work; but they are desirous that a standard should be fixed, to which all their works may conform, The advantages of this will be obvious to every one. Terms, such as Heung-meadu kuei, 'red-haired Flower-flaged devils, now commonly used for the English; Hula-ke-kwei, ‘Flower-flaged devils,’ for the Americans; Keang-kookwei, ‘old story telling devils,’ for preachers of the gospel; and all similar epithets, as they are calculated to create and perpetuate bad feelings, will be discountenanced. Nor, when speaking of the Chinese, or of ought that belongs to them, will any but the most correct and respectful language be employed. Let there be given in this, as in all other cases, Honor to whom honor is due. ( See supplement. ) V SU P P L E M E INT TO THE © ºf N ºf Qº) N it #3 & # = z + at . CANTON, TUESDAY, OCTOBER 20th, 1835. Three works are being prepared for the press: 1st, a general history of the world; 2nd, a universal geography; and 3rd.a map of the world. These have been several months in hand, and will be carried forward and completed with all convenient despatch. They are designed to be introductory works, presenting the great outlines of what will remain to be filled up. The history will be comprised in three vols., the geography in one. The map is on a large scale—about 8 ft. by 4, presenting at one view all the kingdoms and nations of the earth. These three works the committee expect will be published in the course of the coming year; and it is hoped they will soon be followed by others, in which the separate nations—England, France, &c.—their history and present state, shall be fully described. In the absence of works already prepared for the press, an edition of the Chinese Magazine, 1000 copies, each in two vols., has been contract- ed for. These are intended for the Chinese in the India Archipelago.- Batavia, Singapore, Malacca, Penang, &c. The progress of this work has been interriot d, it is exo~cted, how ºver, that it will be resumed in the course of a few months. Mr. Gutzlaff has offered the Magazine to the Society, in order that it's publication may be continued under its auspices; and the conmittee have expressed their willingness to undertake the work, whenever it can be done with a fair prospect of success. The expediency of procuring metallic type for printing Chinese books has engage the attention of the committee. They have ſoari with satis. faction of the eforts of M. Paſithier, Paris, an of the Rev. M. Dyer, Penang. In both these places the type is being prepared by the means of punches, and at a very moderate expense; yet in such a manner as to render the type perfect and complete, -equalling, if not surpassing, the best specimens, of Chinese workmanship. Three works hye been presented to the Society: by James Matheson, Esq, a manuscript ºpy of a treatise on political economy, written by Mr. Gutzlaff: by J. R. Morrison, Esq. a geographical and astronomical work, entitled Yuen teen too shuo ; and the Sze Shoo ching wan, the well- known Four Books. The former of these two is the work of a Chinese who was educated by the Jesuits. While the committee have viewed with pleasure the disposition which has in some instances been exhibited by the people of this country, and which, were it not for the unnecessary fears and restraints imposed by those who are in anthority, would doubtless in many more cases manifest itself—they are still of the opinion that in the present state of affairs it is desirable that the society's standard works be put to press at some place where they will not be liable, as in China, to frequent inter- ruptions. They have contemplated, therefore, as soon as the works were ready for publication, the practicability of having them printel in some place beyond the jurisdiction of the Chinese. It is supposed that one of the British settlements in the Straits of Malacca will afford the greatest facilities for the prosecution of such labor. In conclusion, your committee must remark that, in submitting this brief recital of their first year's proceedings, they are conscious of appearing to have labored almost in vain: they hope, however, this is more in ap- pearance than in reality. It is indeed a day of small things; but it is something to have commenced a good work. The very existence of this society is evidence of recognised obligation, resting on the Christian com- munity resident in this country, that possessing themselves the rich fruits of knowledge they are bound to communicate of them to others. The barriers which the government presents to the reception of light form no excuse for indifference on our part. If on any subjects we are better instructed than the Chinese are, we are thereby obligated to enlighten them: and having, by associating ourselves together for this object, recog- nised an obligation, we cannot look back. We must go on; meet op- position; nor give up the contest—contest of truth with error—till the millions of this empire shall participate in all the blessings of knowledge which we now so richly enjoy. The report having been read, it was moved by Mr. Turner, seconded by Mr. Bell, and unanimously, - Resolved, that the Report be accepted and published under the care of the committee; and that an abstract of the same, with a notice of a meeting, be published in the Canton Newspapers. The chairman then inquired of the meeting if they had any remarks or suggestions to offer with regard to the business of the Society; Mr. Jardine rose, and after some observations respecting the native press, begged leave to introduce, for the consideration of the meeting, the following sentiment: Resolved, That this meeting view with the deepest regret the present abeyance of the Chinese press, and recommend the committee for 1835-36 to secure the publication of their worksat the Straits of Malacca; or on board ship at Lintin, as may seem to them most advisable. ... After urging, in few words, the propriety of the course suggested in the resolution, its mover was followed by Mr. Innes, who spoke nearly in these words:–1 rise, Mr. Chairman, to second the proposal of Mr. Jardine. No one regrets more than I do that abeyance of the Chinese press in China. It is a misfortune to the cause of truth ! But if this meeting view it fairly, and its causes, they will derive from it strength, not weakness. It was by many esteemed doubtful—never by me—whether the thousands of tracts sent among this great people, produced an effect or not. So misinformed were we, that we remained in the dark, until a clear, lucid, definite, fact was arrived at, that these tracts had moved the whole Chinese empire, as avowed by recent edicts from the throne which presides over so many millions of human being—all willing, so far as we know, to receive truth, but hitherto barred from it by selfish motives! I say, therefore, that instead of this Society being impeded or discouraged by the present check on the press, they should receive it as (I do) a sure test of their activity, power and usefuluess, avail- able to our purpose. Taking, therefore, the bad and the good together—“uni- ting the circumstances', to use a favorite phrase of the Chinese, it appears to me that by waiting for the Parisian press, " and in the mean time by availing ourselves of the presses at the Straits of Malacca, or on board Ship at Lintin, onr object can be effected; aud I cordially leave the subject in the hands of the committee. t Mir Inglis next rose to remark on the same resolution. It seemed to him that the simplest and most economical plan for the Society, under present circumstances, would he to endeavor to arrange with the proprietors of the Chinese printing establishments at the Straits of Malacca, to print what he called the standard publications of the Society—i.e. a series of elementary works for the instruction of the Chinese, and Mr. Gutzlaff’s Magazine. If the “getting up' of the latter rested with him, he would endeavor to make it a miscellany of light and attractive reading, such as would be likely to gain readers amongst those who would not give their attention to the elementary treatises; but it should refer as often as possible to those treatises, in order to attract notice to them, and some mark should be affixed to them to show that they were issued under the same authority. Whenever the funds of the Society, and still more the means of authorship in Chinese increase, he would have a printing press at Lintin, -if impracticable here or at Macao,- where at first he would have printed small tracts for circulation in the immediate neighborhood and upon subjects, perhaps of immediate interest,- such for example as the comet which is now passing through the heavens. While listening to the Report, it occurred to him these small treatises might be composed in the local dialect; but this he thought should not be attempt- ed until metallic types were procured. This part of the plan too would involve considerable hazard to the Chinese in the employment of any member of the Society: of this he would be exceediugly cautious at every stage of the Society's proceedings. He remembered the fate of the Roman Catholic missionaries both in China and Japan, which was in part occasion- ed by their over zealous haste to force instruction—not quite of the right kind, it is true, upon a people who required much time to receive it. He did not mean to infer from this that there would be much personal danger to us foreigners, in any thing we may do in this way at present; the hazard is all with the Chinese, whom we would benefit. Further, he would as much as possible avoid all unnecessary outlay in ‘stock,'—that is in houses, ships, or printing presses; but get the greatest number of elementary works printed at the least possible cost. Whenever the funds of the Society will admit of it, if we are lavish in any thing it should be in giving tokens of acknow- ledgement, or premiums, to those whose knowledge of the language has been the indispensable and most valuable means of advancing the objects of the society. After a few more remarks, by different individuals of the meeting, the resolution was put and carried unanimously. The Revd. Dr. Parker lose and adressed the meeting in words nearly as follow :-Mr. Chairman, a resolution has just been put into my hands, which I beg leave to submit, Resolred, that we appreciate the incipient and preparatory measures of the committee, and recognise the encouragement and obligation to urge forward the enterprise which has been undertaken. With pleasure, Sir, do I present the resolution now read: considering the circumstances under which this society was originated, and has commenced its operations, all has been done that could reasonably be expected. It con- templates publishing books in one of the most difficult languages, and in which but few are qualified to write. A language possessing many points of dissimilarity from all others, not merely in respect to its character, but espe- cially in its idioms. New and general principles were to be established in order to secure uniformity in its productions. This your committee, as shown by their report, have successfully begun. They have, as it were, provided themselves with chart and compass by which to make their course in unex- plored seas, and if they are thrown upon rocks and shoals, they will lay them down to be shunned by future adventurers. They have provided the ship in which to embark in this noble, philanthropic and benevolent enterprise. With propriety then may we say, in the language of the resolution, that we appreciate these preparatory steps. The second clause of the resolution is that we recognize the encourage- • The speaker here alluded to the metallic type of Pauthier. +. The remarks of Messrs Innes, Inglis, and Parker, differ slightly from those used at the general meeting, the gentlemen having had the kindness to furnish the Secretary (at his request) with the substance of what they there advanced. - *- THE vasiºus is austraus, “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. **** * * * * : * ' ' ' ' vör...s. GLO-CHINESE KALENDAR AND REGISTER FOR 1836. Editor of the Canton Register having undertaken to publish the ! - Anglo-Chinese Kalendar and Register for 1836; and it being his . to issue it from the press on the 1st day of January next; he hereby submits his request to the Merchants and Residents in Canton and Macao for information on all subjects that should be contained in such a conpilation; as well as on those points that may be considered, by many, as desirable to be also comprised, if possible, therein. The compiler will be happy to at- tend to all suggestions, and to enlarge his scheme to the utmost possible ex- tent, consistent with the early publication of the book. - FORTUGUESE SETTLEMENTS IN CHINA. HE Author of the “Historical Sketch of the Portuguese Settlements,” &c. in China, begs leave º the gentlemen who may honor him with their subscriptions, that the price of the book (consisting of from 370 to 400 pages, in full size Octavo) will be two dollars, payable on delivery. The editor of the Canton Register will be so good as to receive the sub- scription list at the end of this year, and to distribute the work when completed. The subscribers will be informed, in the Canton Register and the Chronica de Macao, when the book is ready for delivery. - ANDREW LJUNGSTEDT. n: ; ; , . IFOR SINGAPORE AND CALCUTTA. Th; brig COLLINGWOOD, 290 tons, Captain Hookey, will leave LINTIN 5th Proximo. For freight apply to T. A. GIBB. - * - FOR CALCUTTA. HE bark LADY GRANT, W. Jeffreys, Commander, will leave Cum- singmoon about the beguing of next month. For freight apply to —a : 1 FRAMyee Peston.Jee. FORLINTIN, MANILA, STRAITS & BOMBAY. Th; PASCOA, Captain Morgan, to sail in all this month. For freight apply to JARDINE, MAtheson & Co. 3: *a*::: *: , , - FOR LONDON. THE ship. “EMMA EUGENIA,” burthen 400 Tons, J. Milbank, Com- mander, will meet with early despatch from WHAMpoA, part of her rārgo being engaged. For freight annlv to A.'s. REATING. *** * * * * - FU it LU N Du N. Th; ship ELIZA STEWART, Robert Millar, Commander, will have early despatch. For freight apply to . WETMORE & Co. FOR LONDON. - - Titº EADY KENNAWAY, Captain Bolton, teek built, 580 tons per Register, will meet with all despatch. For freight apply to - - - - - - - - JARDINE, Matheson & Co. Lu– 1. --L, FOR LONDON. - - E ROYAL GEORGE, Captain Richards, 486 tons per Register, will meet with all despatch. For freight apply to :- - - - - - - - - - - - - - JARDINE, MATHEson & Co. wº. TFORTFREIGHT OR CHARTERTO EUROEE. ... . HE fine new British builtship MARGARET, 364 Tons Register, William Johns, R. N. Commander. For freight or charter, from Whampoa, apply to - Douglas, MACKENziE & Co. ** ** FOR LIVERPOOL. E brig LADY CHARLOTTE, A.1. 190 Tons Register, George Keen, Commander. For freight apply to Douglas, MacKenzie & Co. QR FREIGHT OR CHARTER TO LONDON OR LIVERPOO HE first class bark “ARAB,” 500 Tons burden, J. J. SPARKes. (late H. * - C.S.), Commander. For freight apply to BELL & Co. FOR SINGAPORE & BOMBAY. HE: ship; HELEN, George Setford, Commander, will leave Wham- Poa in the first week of October. For freight apply to C. Sapoor JEE & R. Burjor jee. No. 5 Powshun Factory. - - FREIGHT TO BOMBAY. HIP Hoakſusure BoMANIKE, Delvichoe, Commander, will leave Whampoa ... on the 15th October. For particulars apply to. Faayukº Pestonver. IJ., FOR, BOMBAY.TOUCHING ATSINGAPQRE. Th well known fast sailing ship LORD CASTLEREAGH, burthen ; :800 tons, Captain P. Tonks, to sail from WHAMpoa on the 25th proximd. For freight apply to Fuadoonjee Hormuzjee.No. 2 French Factory. ºf º- + . . . . FOR SALE. wo ilt Ships, of about 550 and 800 Tons Register. For | particulars apply to JARDIN e, MAtheson & Co. TALL PRIZES AND NO BLANKSTT - º, Lorresy, on 100 tickets iu the 2nd Macao government lottery. 150 chances and 300 prizes, at $5 each. ... Scheme 1 Prize of 8 whole tickets 6 Prizes. 16 tickets. 1 do. 4 do. 42 do. 21 half do. 4 do. 4 do. 252 do. 63 + do. 6*Prizes 16 tickets 300 Prizes 100 Tickets. -The 300 prizes in this lottery will be drawn on or about the 15th of Dec: next. The place of drawing will be duly notified. Apply to J. SMITH, No. 3, or to F. H. AZAVEDO, No. 1, Danish Hong. Tuesday, october 27 TH, 1835. No.43.}º: ALL LETTERS MUST BE Post PAID. C. A N TO N. - Arrived the American vessels, LATONA, Gulager, LIBERTY, Mc. Dowell, from Philadelphia; PRovidence, Martin, Providence; MARTHA, Dixey, Batavia; ARGYLE, Codman, MARMARA, Pearse, MARIPos A, Waters, Manila; JEANNETTE, Lovett, Liverpool; and the British vessels, BALCAR RAs, Hine, London; Co RD ELIA, Creighton, H BRCULEs, Wood, Liverpool; DAVID CLARK, Rayne, CoLLING wood, Hookey, MARY SoMERVILLE, Jac- kson, FATIMA, Fethers, CLAREMONT, Stephens, GENERAL KY D, Aplin, M ERMAID, Stavers GLEN ELG, Lungley, Calcutta; SAPPHo, Sanders, San Blas and Manila; DUK E of Sussex, Horsman, ALFRED, Tapley, Madras; Belhav EN, Crawford, Gipsy, Highat, iverpool; LoRD Lowth ER, Grant, Bombay. THE PROVINCIAL CITY... . . . On the 27th of the 8th moon,_18th Oct—Wooshaou- syung—Howqua's grandson—and the rest of the hongmer- chants, went to H. E. Ke, the fooheen, knocked head, and presented a foreign petition. On the 28th of the moon.—Wang, the criminal judge, Pwan, the Kwangchowfoo, Lew, the Nanhae heen, Chang, the Pwangu heen, Shang, the Kwangchow hee, Han, the Foopeaou tating—commandant of the fooyuen's division—. all proceeded to the fooyuen's office to examine (offen- ders). The examination being concluded the imperial order was requested, and three murderers, in the custody. of the Nan and Pwan hegns, were led out to the teentsze- matow and beheaded, and the execution reported. On the 28th Tsotsangmoo, who is waiting for the appointmnnt of Yenchesze, in the salt department, reported to the fooyuen Ke, that whilst on the look out in the streets of the city, he apprehended the branded plunderer (one who had been pardoned but his face marked with the characters of his name and crime) Wangasze. He was delivered over to the Nanhaeheen. On the same day, a runner at the custom house at Leenshing street, having ascertained that one of the Shaouking passage boats was smuggling opium, at about 6 P.M. he watched it's departure, and until it arrived off Chowtootsuy, on Honan' island. He then stopped the boat, in order to search it. The boatmaster seeing his intentions, began to fight with him, and both were wounded in the struggle; but the custom-house runner succeeded in seizing 27 balls of the opium mud. - - 9th moon, 1st day. Oct. 22nd. H. E. Wang, the cri- minal judge, going his rounds about 10 o'clock in the evening, went forth through the west gate, and proceeding on his look out towards the N.W. he came suddenly on the Wei-yuen and his men—(night police)—in their guard-house. They all received a severe lecture from Wang for their negligence, and he declared that the next time they thus neglected their duty the Weiyuen should be dismissed. 9th Moon, 2nd day. Oct. 23rd. To day a Budhist priest was executed. His crime was that he kept a nest for thieves; whom he sent forth to rob. He was native of Shaouking foo, and had dwelt in the Budhist temple outside the east gate, where was his nest of thieves, for many years, without being discovered. But the money-changers shops near the east gate having been plundered, the military, in their pursuit (of the robbers), arrived at the temple, and ~~~ 170 THE CANTON REGISTER. discovered that this priest of Budh was the keeper of a fence. It is reported that the hoppo has received advices from Peking, stating that he is to remain in office in Canton, and is not to proceed to the capital, as was before reported. In the evening of this day, the neighbours in Looteih lane, hired two blind singing girls,to play and sing to them. A little after the third watch, two chairs arrived to carry the girls back to their homes. It was not supposed that these chairs had assumed a name, and come to kidnap (the girls)—They carried away the two girls to another place to sell them. By and by their own chairs arrived to take them away, but they (the girls) were not to be found. Every place has been searched, and their friends now desire to ransom them: still they have not yet been heard of . The Puanyu heen has been already petitioned on the subject. The Nanhae heen has issued a proclamation, cautioning the people to be careful of their lights and fires. We shall publish a translation of it in next week's Register. Pekin Gazette. Intercalary 6th moon 10th day— August 4th.-Received the imperial Edict.—Our family established imperial astronomers. Their duties are, by imperial orders, solely confined to the business of calcula- tion, and, by divination and prognostics, to arrange the business of selecting and choosing (lucky and unlucky days &c.) and to ascertain the proper times of performing the great national ceremonies and observing the festivals, previously indicating the fortunate(times),and most reverent- ly inserting them yearly in the imperial copy of the Keeke- peenfang book, determining the good and the bad, the pro- per and improper &c. . Having chosen (a day) they (the astronomers) duly report (respecting) the ceremony of the interment of the coffins of the two deceased empresses, Heaoumuh Hwang- how and Headushin Hwanghow (former consorts of Taou- kwang). The astronomers report that they have selected a period; and already Kingching (A Mantchow-and pre- sident of the imperial astronomical board), and the others, have selected the 21st and the 28th days of the 9th moon (for the ceremony of the interment of the two empresses), and having arranged for both days, they request my imperial will. I, because the 28th day is a ping (even, common, equal) day, chose the 21st day for the ceremony of the interment. But I, the emperor, in my leisure moments, inspecting the Heekepeenfang book, observing whether the days indicated by the “celestial stems and the terrestial branches” harmonized as to the fortunate and unfortunate prognostics, discovered there was an utter want of concord. I then sent the book to be delivered over to the great offi- cers of the privy council to meet and unite with Kingching, and with the greatest care to consult and calculate, and ascertain whether there were any hindrance or impediment. Now Kingching and the great officers of the privy council have examined and reported on the various proceed- ings which it is unfortunate to undertake on that day. I, the emperor, have again opened out and examined (the book). That day is certainly not in harmony with and fortu- nate for the performance of the great rite of interment. King- ching, already has often been employed by me the emperor and has been promoted to the office of Shangshoo—or Pre- sident—of the mathematical board—to rule and manage the particular business of the imperial astronomers, for many years; to choose lucky days, and to report as to what proceed- ings are fortunate or unfortunate to be done; therefore he must long have been thoroughly acquainted (with his duty) in choosing and selecting—(fortunate days); how could he make a mistake so great?—If he knew that day could not be forced into harmony with the occasion, then he certainly could not have enquired as to what was dwelling in his own mind; if that day is marked as unlucky and to be dreaded, then the choosing and selecting of the Heekepeenfang (book) has not been respectfully and strictly obeyed. Of what order of great and important affairs is this (interment?)—Certainly, remissness like this evinces a careless mind, joined to utter heedlessness, and to stupidity the most senseless. I, the emperor, have already sent forth my imperial will, especial- ly ordering (them) to meet and unite in consultation and examination. Kingching also knows that the day is unlucky, still he has not prepared a document confessing, and ask- ing forgiveness for, his crime: his heart must be dead and his brain mad, for he is guilty of every kind of wild and erroneous conduct: this is base ingratitude, a greatdereliction of duty, and a manifestation of utter incapacity. It is ordered that Kingching be degraded from his office of Shanshoo (President) and of Tootung (General), and dis- missed from the public service; that his peacock's feather be plucked out, and a button of the third rank be bestowed on him, and that he be appointed a great officer of the inte- rior (of the palace), of which departinent he is to assume the control, and he is permitted to manage there according to the regulations; he is also still to direct the affairs of the imperial astronomers, that it may be observed if he here- after exerts himself.-As the officers of the hall of the im- perial astronomers followed and united with him in the report, it is ordered that they be delivered over to the pro- per board to be severely punished. As to all that relates to the day of interment, it is ordered that the great officers of the privy council meet and unite with the board of rites and the imperial astronomers, and reverently choose (a day), and have chosen another (day) to properly report it. Respect this. º THE TA-TSING DYNASTY. The imperial clan, consisting of either the immediate descendants of the emperors or the offspring of collateral branches, numbers at present more than 6000 individuals. All the principal offices of the empire might thus be filled by imperial relations. Like Napoleon, the emperor might create kingdoms and principalities and nominate so many tributary princes of his family. But such a practice is unknown in China. Amongst the governors-general of the provinces there is not one belonging to the imperial clan, nor is any invested with an important charge. Nepotism, so strongly inherent in the Chinese character, is banished from the palace of the sovereign. There are a few exceptions to this general rule, but it seems to be a state maxim under this dynasty to abase the princes of the blood in order to render the head of the family the more conspicuous. Most of the nearest relations, though bearing high-sounding but vain titles, pine away their lives in obscurity, receiving a pit- tance barely sufficient to maintain life. There is a whole list of regulations against using their high connexions for oppressing the people. They are amenable to the law though subject to a particular tribunal, and the punishments they undergo are often more severe than those to which the meanest subjects are subjected. Without being sum- moned to attend at the council table, their meddling with public affairs is construed into high treason. Many an active and clever prince bas had to expiate his forwardness in entering upon politics by a long exile in the deserts of Mantehooria. The destiny of the princesses is still more dismal. They are the victims of a distorted policy, given in mar- riage to foreign princes or to grandees in order to ensure their loyalty. After acting as spies upon their husbands, their reward consists in a few pieces of silk and a paltry sum of money. Even their visits to Peking are frequently prohibited from mere motives of economy, because their salary is increased during their residence in the capital We believe it is the apprehension of renewing the evils of a feudatory government that works so powerfully against the extension of patronage towards the imperial kindred. China has, for many centuries, dreadfully suffered under a feudatory government, and the calamities would now be much greater, since the nation has encreased in numbers and opulence. In Japan it still prevails, but the sovereign has curbed the insolence of his vassals by taking hostages, and summoning the tributary princes, at stated times, to his presence, in order to give an account of their govern- ment. 172 THE CANTON REGISTER: --, sessed by the representative of the honor and interests of Great Britain, that, they, with all others, “who have had the misfortune, either in a public or private capacity, to endure insult or injury from Chinese authorities,” are considered as uneligible to “the office of placing on a secure and advantageous footing our commercial relations with this country.”—The anecdote of the Magdalen-candidate, was happily illustrated by the conduct of Loo to lord Napier last year. He came as the representative of his king and country, as the depository of the honor, good-faith and friendly feeling of a great nation; as a peer and an officer of distinction, to ask a free admission to Canton; and, how was he received?–Junius remarked. “That a man of honour has no ticket of admission at St. James'. They receive him like a virgin at the Magdalen—"Go thou and do likewise.” Exactly so did old Loo receive Lut Laepe— lord Napier. “I know nothing about you or your king— except that he has been, hitherto, reverently submissive—or your country—except that it is poor and in want of the tea and rhubarb of the middle kingom—I know nothing of | national honour or national faith—of your house of peers or of your navy ; but go, and return an obedient taepan (these I do know),—a dealer, chapman, and trafficker, and then ‘the hoppo will give you a red ticket of admission.” The critical Citizen proceeds to mark:—“I advert to ‘this recent operation (meaning the inditing of the petition) as evincing the spirit under which British merchants con- duct'their affairs, and engender the hatred and suspicion of ‘the country in, which they are permitted to reside. I advert to it as evincing the spirit of discontent and commercially political aggression and hostility by which the acts of the British merchants and authorities have been constantly marked.” We presume the whole of these remarks apply to China, and to China only; but what does a Citizen mean by ‘such a senseless and ungrammatical connexion of words as, commercially-political-aggression? is this another ins- tance of his knowledge of the English tongue, and of his 'fitness to pronounce ex-cathedrá on the writings of others? . The whole, history of the commerce of every foreign nation with China will prove that the struggle against the fiscal exactions, and the barbarous restraints of this govern- anent, has been constant; and, we rejoice to say, not alto- gether unsuccessful. We have no commercial grievances! says the Citizen,_TWhat was the stoppage of the trade in 1821, on account of the Lintin affair?—What would be the stoppage of the trade tomorrow, in the event of a homicide— of the death, of a chinese—whether justifiable or accidental? What is the monopoly of the hong, indefensible by the laws of the empire, and incompatible with the oft repeated assertions of the emperor, that we come to an “open market? What is the Consoo fund?--And, who has ever com- plained of the imperial duties!—And why are we smug- glers?–Why, this, last most singular fact is altogether damnatory of the character of the Chinese as a people, and of the government as a political system; proving, incontro- vertibly and at once, their weakness, falsehood, cupidity, peculation, ignorance, and treachery to their laws and emperor; and proving also, at the same time, their com- mercial spirit and enterprise. If the British government does not protect the British trade to China, those engaged in it must protect themselves as well as they may; but if it is systematically neglected by the government, when this shameful desertion shall become known to the Chinese officers, although, the trade may con- tinue, it will be be at the sacrifice of national and individual honour and character; for no one who has claims to the distinction of a British merchant, will, in a few years, be able to carry on his pursuit, with credit to himself, in Canton; and the trade of the U.K. to this country will fall into the hands of men who would not be received with honor on the exchange in London. America may leave her China trade to it's own efforts; it is with her more the private concern of her merchants engaged in it than one of great national importance, as it is | to Great Britain. America has no national debt; and when one channel of industry becomes choked or dry the enterprise of her persevering and intelligent citizens, free from excise laws and taxes on knowledge and industry, quickly opens another, . ,- * . . . . . . ---- - - “A Citizen of the World” says we Britons are an unruly set.” T-It is thus. a degenerate son stigmatizes” that noble nation to, which mankind owes “nearly all those great ideas, the realization of which forms the aim of all “the political struggles on the European continent, and which the historian “will single, out as the leading and, characteristic political, features, of the “present age-namely, elective representation, two houses, an independent - “judiciary, liberty of the press, responsibility of ministers, a lais' standing “above the highest ruler, even if a monarch, and a proper independence of the : “minor communities in a state—that great nation, which º:* alpyg. e “with it's colonies a germ of independent life "...º. #. “action: “(rendering the gradual 'unfolding of their own peculiar faw possible), and g gra > “above all, that nation, which first of all elevated itself to the great idea of a “lawful opposition.” (The Stranger in America. By F. Lieber. From the Quarterly Review for April 1835). . - - tº ºt: . . . . . . . What, then, would a “citizen of the world” have? a base prostration of private character for the sake of gain, of “self-aggrandizement:”—this latter feeling, being, according to his theory, “the end and, aim of British mer- chants.” although the word would be more properly applied to those who follow the paths of ambition, honor and fame: to legislators and to con- querors, than to the Citizen's beauideal of the British merchant. Within our own, memory, the privileges of foreigners have been, encreased—or rather some of the rights of foreigners have been conceded, through the exertions and perseverance of British merchants; but will a Citizen, tremblingly and with a shirering albe, await the fiat of the governor of Cantom or, of the “Splendid light of Reason”, Taoukwang, tº place us; foreigners, within the pale of civilization, and allow to us the full rights of men —The fiat ofthat government which uses it's victories with such “singular moderation and good sense,”as are now in the very act of exemplifica- tion in the banishment of the innocent linguist Hopunk–Moderation and good sense !—The shallow hypocrites: their acts are the very blackness of dark- ness of the most hateful tyranny, and the whole foreign commercial com- munity of Canton are not blameless—nor free from the heaviest responsibility in this most shameless exertion of power. ! --- - - - , , , - As for his—the Citizen's—rhapsody about duties and squeezes, we do not very well understand it, no more than some other parts of his letter. That each country has a right to impose it's own customduties has never been disputed; altho’ the wisdom with which they are imposed is often question- able, as they too frequently defeat their own end. But as to what is “com- monly called the Consoofund”, which was instituted in 1780 for the liquidation of the debts of bankrupt hongmerchants,but which has never, or but in a very , slight degree, been applied to the object of it's institution, we can tell A Citizen that if he does not consider this a most crying and insulting grievance he can have but little of the spirit of a British merchant, of a Citizen of the borld, or of the zeal of an agent for the interests, of his constituents, in his breast. The foreign trade can never be free in China, until this pretended fund but real tar, is swept away and abolished. It's abolition will be a death blow to the monopoly of the hong and the extortions of the local officers, who, while it exists, will never want causes to, draw upon it to ex- haustion; that is, for eternally taxing the foreign trade beyond the legal' tarif: it is, at once, both the cause and effect of monopoly and extortion. “A Citizen of the world” says that—“the Chinese must look upon us with dislike and contempt”—and we are inclined, to agree with him in this opinion, but we deduce it from ". different causes. “A Citizen” would, apparently, recommend foreigners to become denizens, if they would be allow- ed, of the celestial empire whilst on the celestial soil. The Chinese officers have repeatedly told all of us that we neither endowed with reason nor a sense of law or justice; that we are a low, over-reaching, gainscheming, money-loving set of outcasts, whose only dread is want, whose only desire is wealth. And a “Citizen” appears to plead guilty to these charges, and so deservedly falls under the above description of the . great officers of the middle kingdom. But, our opinion of the cause of the “dislike and contempt of the Chinese,"is that it proceeds not from our attempts to right ourselves, but because we have so long and tāmely submitted to a course of tyranny which they themselves well know,the slightest real demons- tration on the part of Great Britain would end at once and for ever. If we are despised, it is for our subserviency, and selfseeking, time-serving policy, not for our few manly effrots to obtain better treatment: these effrots the Chinese, as a nation, admire, and would rejoice to see successful—but we must first deserve success by our determined perseverance. - - * - - -- Dear Mr. Editor-Iread with interest the letter of “spectator,” in your last number, and agree with him; it is a subject of great importance to as all. the tariff and the consoo fund. Yet I entreat of “Spectator wobe reasonable and consistent, and if he is so, he will receive the undermentioned facts with *. - everal years since, through the E. L. company, these preposterous demands were pointed out, and without redress, º: ... cont- pany always went to the robbers to get redress for the robbery.’ , Lord Napier game, and he sensibly wished to go past the rºbber to a higher j bº! in that view neither the unanimity of his countrymen, nor the proper aid of his own government, backed him in: so he failed. - i Why, under such circumstances, should “Spectator wish a movement *...hich is sure to be attended with loss of temper, disgrace, and dis. nour. t º -- - ** * * * * * ºr, tº tº 2 tº !. If the Leeds clothmen, if the Manchester manufacturers, if the Glasgow inted-cotton-men, think their interests are affected by the circumstices stated in Spectator's' letter, let them move in it; for we, without success have called the *!!ention of England to our situation, in a question where they are deeply we slightly concerned; let them move; we already have done our duty to the outside, and we wait with patience the resolve of England. Delta. ------ * - - --- **** Printed and Published at the office of the Editor, John Sabr, No. 4 Danish Hong. - \ - DA º\DNI Bººtstrºls, “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. vor. 8. ANGLo-chinese KALENDAR AND REGISTER FOR 1836. HE Editor of the Canton Register having undertaken to publish the T Anglo-Chinese Kalendar and Register for 1836; and it being his desire to issue it from the press on the 1st day of January next ; he hereby sdbmits his request to the Merchants and Residents in Canton and Macao for information on all subjects that should be contained in such a conpilation; as well as on those points that may be considered, by many; as desirable to be also comprised, if possible, therein. The compiler will be happy to at- tend to all suggestions, and to enlarge his scheme to the utmost possible ex- tant, consistent with the early publication of the book. PORTUGUESE SETTLEMENTS IN CHINA. HE Author of the “Historical Sketch of the Portuguese Settlements,” &c. in China, begs leave to inform the gentlemen who may honor him with their subscriptions, that the price of the book (consisting of from 370 td 400 pages, in full size Octavo) will be two dollars, payable on delivery. The editor of the Canton Register will be so good as to receive the sub- scription list at the end of this year, and to distribute the work when completed. The subscribers will be ...; in ... Canton Register and t - Macao, when the book is ready for delivery. He chronica de Macao, ºw"ºtsostedt. FOR BATAVIA. . THE Dutch ship GENERAL CHASSE,Captain Waſlace, shortly expect- - ed from Java, will return to Batavia, vià Manila. For freight apply to DOUGLAS, MACKENZIE& Co. NOTICE. HEinterests in our firm of Mr. Richard Holdsworth, and Mr. William Smithson having ceased, the business will in future be carried on by the remaining Partners,Thomas Fox, Thomas SAMUEL Rawson, and William Blenkin. FOX, RAWSON & Co. Canton 2nd Nov. 1835. J OTICE.-The letters addressed to the undermentioned, received from N Batavia, and now lying at the office of the Netherlands Consulate, Canton, will be delivered to the parties interested on application, as the un- dersigned is not acquainted with the abode of these gentlemen. November 1, 1835. W. J. Senn van Basel. Acting. Dutch Consul- Sr. Bernardo Gomes de Lemos, Sr. Joao Antonio da Costa “Antonio Joaquim Dias Pegado, “Eugenio Theodoro dos Remedios, “Joao Antonio da Costa, “Candido Antonio Ozorio. YOUNG MAN is desirous of procuring employment in a CoMMERCIAL A Establishmm.N.T. Letters addressed, A. B., care of the Editor, will b2 immediately attended to. - - ALL PRIZES AND NO BLANKS 11 Canton 2nd Nov. 1835. Lortery on 100 tickets iu the 2nd Macao government lottery. 150 chances and 300 prizes, at $5 each. Scheme 1 Prize of 8 whole tickets 6 Prizes. 16 tickets. do. 4 do. 42 do. 21 half do. 4 do. 4 do. 252 do. 63 + do. 6 Prizes 16 Tickets 300 Prize s 100 Ticket. The 300 prizesinthis lottery will be drawn on or about the 15th of Der: next. The place of drawing will be duly notified. Apply to J. SMITH, No. 3, or to F. H. AZAVEDO, No. 1, Danish Hong. ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N T O N. Arrived the British vessels, Soob Row, Smith, from Madras, (omitted last week), TY RER, Ellis, Sophi A, McNair, HAMooDY, Marshall, Swallow, Adams, PEN elope, Hutchinson, Singapore and Calcutta, GENERAL GAscoy Ne, Kirby, Liverpool 3rd June, and the American vessels, SILAs Rich ARDs, Rossiter, from New York, and VAN couver, Bartlett, from Sourabaya. We have not received any important intelligence by these arrivals. A statement of the British Trade for the past year, which has been sent to us for publication from the secretary to H. Majesty's Superintendents, will be found in to-day's Register. - Tuesday, NovembHR 3RD, 1835. - PRIC E No. 44.3a';sº TIHE PIR.OVINCIAL. CITY, Lew, Heen of Jooyuen, and acting Heen of Nanhae, issues a perspicuous proclamation respecting diligent and careful precautions against calamities by fire, in order to: preserve the bodies of men and substances of families. It is known that the whole city, inside and out, is thickly crowded with men and smoke, shops and houses closely contiguous, as well as bamboo and wooden sheds. These are scattered every where; few of these (the in- habitants) are careful, and the calamity of fire is too easily caused. The winter is now approaching, when winds are high and things dry (combustible—dried up by the north winds), and more than usual care should be taken of fire. Suitable to the time and occasion, I now issue a clear pro- clamation. The dwellers in shops and houses, and the several district-constables are ordered to make themselves, fully acquainted therewith. All of ye must be particularly careful and watchful (against fire), and day and night be on your guard. Some things are very apt to catch fre; these should be always well arranged—such as shelves in shops and houses and the bamboo and mat coverings in the streets. . The said constables on the issuing of the edict, are forthwrth to order them (the people) to remove (the sheds), and to substitute blue or black cloth curtains to, screen off the rays of the sun; to be opened out in the daytime and at night to be rolled up. If any dare disobey, it is allowed immediately to state their names and request examination. If the said constables connive, let them at once be included in the same investigation, and no favour shown. In the door way of every house a large wooden tub, or earthernware vessel, must be placed, to be always kept full of clear water, and not to be used for other purposes; and when there is an alarm of fire the officers and soldiers are at once to proceed together, to extinguish it; the neighbours must assist, opening all their doors, when they hear the military and police, and draw water, to be thrown on the flames, thus the fire may completely extinguished, and men's lives saved. I, the heen, sincerely and seriously thinking for the good of you resident people, and to preserve you from calamities, have originated these precautionary measures. For this cause, I have not shrank from labour but been unwearied in enjoining and reiterating my orders. If any dare oppose and resist, assuredly they will taken up and punished. ... All should tremblingly obey; oppose not. A #. Edict. aoukwang, 15th year, 9th moon, 3rd day. Oct. 24th 1835. Mussulman, eating pork. In Nanshingle street in the new city, outside of the great south gate, dwell a great number of men of the hwug hu'uy persuasion, or moham- medans. One having been invited out on the 2nd of the noon, was deceived into eating some pork; he returned in the evening to his home; in the middle of the night he dreamed he saw an evil genius, who railed at him for eating pork, struck him, seized and shook him. Being very much frightened, be uttered a loud cry and awoke. The next day he told the circumstance to his family, and afterward died suddenly. Is not this most wonderful? asks our chinese informant. 9th moon 10th day. Oct. 31.—To day the fooheen sticks flowers in the caps of the newly-made Keijin gra- duates, afterward they partake of the deer-cry feast, 174 THE CANTſoil REGISTER. º * - which is also attended by the two Kirichaes who conduct- ed the examination, and all the great officers. The feast is, held in the fooheen's office, where also a play is per- formed. hen the feast is finished the Keujin men knock head and return thanks, and proceed homeward, ac- companied by drums and music. The next day they wait upon the imperial commissioners and their tutors, and afterwards exchange congratulations with relations, and friends. In the fall of the year they go to Peking, to attend the general examination of all the new Keujins from every province of the empire. Seventy-four passed the last ex- aumination in this province. * - - At the temple of the western hill, outside the west gate, from the beginning to the 5th until the end of the 7th day of this moon, every day, a play has been performed; and the orowd of spectators was very great. The little boys, stand- ing on the ground, could not see the play. In front of the temple were two Banian trees, into which the boys climbed, in order to see the performance. On the 6th day, about one o'clock, a branch of the three broke, and two boys slipped and fell down right upon the crown of an old man's head. Both the old and young were speechless and seem- ed to be dead. The play was immediately stopped and a doctor sent for. After a time the three gradually came to their senses; and were then taken to their homes. The peo- ple of the neighbourhood all say that the gods are propitious; therefore on the 8th day another play was performed, in acknowledgement of the favours of the gods. SeveralChinese junks, which left Siam during the strength of the Sduth West honsoon, were nearly three months on their passage to Canton. One of them sprung a leak, and had to put into harbour in Haenan, where she sunk; no lives, however, were lost. - A, celebrated calculator of futurity has taken the trouble of ſharking the lucky days during the space of the three hext ensuing months, and has published the result of his labours on a large sheet of red paper, which bein stuck up, in the streets, attracts a great deal of nºtić. It is father astonishing that after all the endeavours of the imperial astronomiers to note carefully fortunate days in the Kalendat, ...” did of this sage should be required to render the matter more certain. The remarks made by the Chinese upon the comet, have been less frequent than we at º expected. At the ap- pearance of the ſº comet, some say the pirates rose hd infested, the coast, and therefore, by way of analogy, i. be followed by the same disturbances. Natural phenomena are carefully noted down in Chinese history, and the governmeut never fails to draw inferences from the appearance of any remarkable star. - A number of people from Hoonan province wander about as exiles in the different districts º: the jurisdic- tion of this provincial metropolis. They carry their whole baggage about with them,and appear to be in a wretched con- . For what crimes they were banished we could never learn, but they are driven from their homes, where they can only return at the accession of a new emperor. Their na- tive language is the pure mandarin dialect, which they speak with the greatest fluency. It does not appear that a strict watch is kept over them, for they roam about at leasure,and endeavour to earn their subsistence by begging. ' A poor man fought with a robber, who pierced him with a spear. His bowels having been wounded, fell out into the street, and government took not the slighest notice of the "occurrence. His wife was the only person who took any interest in his misfortune, and she affectionately soothed his pains until the last moment of his life. In last week's Register a translation of a Peking Gazette of last August was published. It exhibits the emperor of China—the ruler over more than one third of the whole human race—as employed in consulting #.". telling book, and, punishing one of his great officers for selecting unlucky d.º. committing the coffins contain- ing the corses of two of his deceased wives to the ground. | Such is the employment of the Splendid light of Reason and heaven's son, Taoukwang!—What wilſ such a ruler, *sūch a government, such a péopfe,—immersed in idolatry and the most degrading superstition—ever do to advance their own knowledge?–Nothing but a pressure from with- ‘ out will open their eyes to their own ignorance and weak- ness. Yet this government and people have been and are praised for “every virtue under heaven.” Does the history of the world prove that idolatry, fear, superstition, despot- ism, are the parents of the virtues?—The so-much-boasted paternal, patriarchal government of China has had tha blighting effect of keeping the whole mass of the people in a state of pupillage and minority; a Chinese never becomes an adult politically; his growth is stopped; he is always a child,and is always treated as such by his emperor and father. With what infantine nonsense, with what imbecile attempts at rea- soning, with what nursery-maid-likelanguage, are the edicts of the emperor and the proclamations of the officers of the gov- ernment, often filled. Except that the bamboo and tortures are substituted for the foolscap and birch, the whole em- pire might be taken for a-"Preparatory school for children, not exceeding the age of eight years. “N. B. The art of making bows and lying taught gratis.” | DEAR MR. Editor, It is not often I criticise your remarks, or find any fault with your honest indignation against Chinese tyranny in real life, and celestial benignity on paper; yet these words of yours in your last number º: me:—“And the whole foreign commercial community are not blame- less &c. to power.” As one of the community I ask you what I am to do?—Am I to risk a collision with a government, am I to risk life and property in hopes of rescuing a Chinese subject?—Were we in that position we might have been here, the joint act of us would have saved a man unjustly punished; but, Mr. Editor, a reflective officer in command of a life-boat; mmmed-by-twenty able seamen, will, well consider the value of their lives, and the chance through a strong sea of arriving at his object, before he pushes off even to a wreck where many lives are in jeopardy; much more, therefore, should we do so, we being the many the sacrificed the one. - True it is still, had this object of oppression been a foreigner, not a hinese, coute qui coute, a movement would would have been made; as we ave not yet arrived at the point of degradation of those in the Cyclop's tave, seeing their companions nightly eaten. I hope an Ulysses may arise to how that the chinese have only one eye—since they like the ph eanwhile, Mr. Editor; we willing horses may be spared your inuendos. 27th October, Canton. DELTA; In reply to Delta, we are to observe that the efforts. that were and are fully in the power of the foreign com- mercial community in Canton to have made and to make to rescue the pilot Hopun from his most unjust sentence and undeserved fate, would not commit them to a collision with the government, although if to meet the governor and his advisers on the question might be necessary, so much the more becoming and honorable would it be to their gen- erous interference. It is generally known that Howqua has, from various causes, an undisputed sway over the hong-merchants, and also that his influence with the local government is great. If, therefore, the whole of the foreign community had, in the first place, made a joint and serious representation to him, that it was impossible for them to stand by and look on the condemnation of an innocent man, whose only crime was—that he, in a peculiar crisis, had been employed in their service; that, such selfish apathy was incompatible with their individual and national char: acters, and with their professed sentiments and motives of action,--if such serious representation had been earnestly made, we ask whether it must have failed! And if it had failed to arouse Howqua to a sense of humanity, it might have had a different effect on the governor and higher of. ficers, who are always kept in ignorance of foreign affairs by the hong-merchants. If the governor should P. cal- lous to the dis-interested and compassionate appeal, & Sone- gligent in his duty as to refuse an enquiry into the real facts, it might easily be intimated to him, that copies of the repre- sentations to himself & to the hong merchants would speedily find their way to the supreme tribunal at Peking, and frºm thence—or through some other channel—to the emperor. have done all this would have cost the foreign community but little, either in time or money, and they would have -- - • Sr. Bernardo Gomes de Lemos, * T H E vasiºus is abustralis, “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. vol. 8. PRICE Tuesday, NovembHR ioTH, 1835. Trio.45.}ºis A NGLO-CHINESE KALENDAR AND REGISTER FOR 1836. Th; Editor of the Canton Register having undertaken to publish the Anglo-Chinese Kalendar and Register for 1836; and it being his desire to issue it from the press on the 1st day of January next ; he hereby submits his request to the Merchants and Residents in Canton and Macao for information on all subjects that should be contained in such a conpilation; as well as on those points that may be considered, by many, as desirable to be also comprised, if possible, therein. The compiler will be happy to at- tend to ali suggestions, and to enlarge his scheme to the utmost possible ex- tent, consistent with the early publication of the book. PORTUGUESE SETTLEMENTS IN CHINA. HE Author of the “Historical Sketch of the Portuguese Settlements,” &c. in China, begs leave to inform the gentlemen who may honor him with their subscriptions, that the price of the book (consisting of from 370 to 400 pages, in full size Octavo) will be two dollars, payableſon delivery. The editor of the Canton Register will be so good as to receive the sub- scription list at the end of this year, and to distribute the work when completed. The subscribers will be informed, in the Canton Register and the Chronica de Macao, when the book is ready for delivery: ANDREW LJUNGSTEDT. J OTICE.-The letters addressed to the undermentioned, received from l Batavia, and now lying at the office of the Netherlands Consulate, Canton, will be delivered to the parties interested on application, as the un- dersigned is not acquainted with the abode of these gentlemen. November 1, 1835. W. J. Senn van Basel. Acting. Dutch Consul- Sr. Joao Antonio da Costa • Antonio Joaquim Dias Pegado, “Eugenio Theodoro dos Remedios, “ Joat, Antonio da Costa, “Candido Antonio Ozorio. YOUNG MAN is desirous of procuring employment in a CoMMERCIAL Establishment. Letters addressed, A. B., care of the Editor, will be immediately attended to. NOTICE. TH: our firm of Mr. Richard Holdsworth, and Mr. William Smithson having ceased, the business will in future be carried on by the remaining Partners,Thomas Fox, Thomas Sºl RAwson, and William Blenkin. - FOX, RAWSON & Co. Canton 2nd Nov. 1835. - NOTICE. THE CANTON INSURANCE OFFICE. - HE undersigned beg to intimate, that, on the 1st of January lºº, * after the expiration of the Tenth Canton Insurauce Company), … they - commence granting Policies in the 1. GANTON INSURANCE OFFICE, in London, Bombay, Calcutta, or Canton. payable in London, y; » JARDINE, Man heson & Co. - General Agents. ... Agents in London Messrs. Timothy Wiggin & Co. - 44 Bombay 4- ReMi NgtoN & Co. º Calcutta - 4 LyAll, MAtheson & Co. 44 Singapore 44 Charles Thomas & Co. ºt Manila 4- E. de Otapui & Co. s NOTICE.-We have this day established ourselves here as MERCHANTS - and AGENTS under the firm of EGLINTON, MACLEAN & Co. Canton, 2d November, 1835. No. 5 British Factory. NOTICE. UNION INSURANCE SOCIETY OF CANTON. T a general meeting of the shareholders of the Union Insurance Society A of Canton, held on the 12th instant, it was resolved to authorize the Agents in London to t policies there in the name of the Society, oncertain iºsº, this side of the Cape of Good Hope and payable in London, Bombay, or Canton. - celeº. palmer, Mackillop & Co. are Agents in London. \ ,, Forbes & Co. in Bombay. Robert Wilkinson, Esq. Calcutta. Messrs A. L. Johnston & Co. Singapore. ... Russell and Sturgis. Manila. - - Canton, 22nd, May, 1835. Thomas Dent & Co. Seeretaries. – FOR SAL E. A set of Bills for £2674,18, drawn on the Account General of H. M. Na- vy at three days sight, tenders for which will be received until Saturday next by Canton, November 10th, 1835. MARKWICK EDWARDS & Co. for London. will meet with all despatch. For freight apply to Tº: ROYAL GEORGE, Captain Richards, 486 tons per Register, JARDINE, MATHEson & Co. - - - FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER TO EUROPE. Th; fine new British built ship MARGARET, 364 Tons Register,William Johns, R. N. Commander. For freight or charter, from Whampoa, apply to Douglas, MACKENziE & Co. | FOR FREIGHT OR CHARTER TO LONDON OR LIVERPOOL. "THE first class bark “ARAB,” 500 Tons burden, J. J. SPARKes, (late H. C. S.), Commander. For freight apply to BELL & Co. - FREIGHT TO BOMBAY. - S". HoRMusuke BoMANJEE, Delvichoe, Commander, will leave Whampca NY in Dec. next. For particulars apply to FRAMJEE PEston.Jef. FOR SALE. HE Bark BURONG; built in Java in 1824 of Teak; is well ſound; and will carry 3000 piculs of Rice. For terms apply to WETMORE & Co. No. 1 Imperial. MADEIRA WINE FOR SALE. I N CANton, or at LINTIN, a small quantity of the finest old London Particu- lar Madeira, in hogsheads and quarter casks, from the house of NEW- TON, GORDON, MURDOCH & Co. Apply to Captain PARRY, Lintin, or to JA. IN NES. 1 Creek, Cattor. FOR LIVERPOOL. - THE brig LADY CHARLOTTE, A.1. 190 Tons Register, George Keen, Commander. For freight apply to Doug LAs, MAckenzie & Co. - FOR LONDON. Th; ship “EMMA EUGENIA,”, burthen 400 Tons, J. Milbank, Com- mander, will meet with early despatch from WhampoA, part of her A. S. KEATING. FOR BOMBAY TOUCHING AT SINGAPORE. THE well known fast sailing ship LORD CASTLEREAGH, burthen 800 tons, Captain P. Tonks, to sail from WHAM poa on the 25th proximo. For freight apply to FuRDoonjee Hormuzjee. No. 2 French Factory. FOR SALE. WO India Built Ships, of about 550 and 800 Tons Register. particulars apply to JARDIN E, MAtheson & Co. FOR SALE. - LANK ENGRAVED BILLS OF EXCHANGE, at $3 per 100. Apply at the CANton Register Office, 4 Danish Hong; or at 25 Cents per set, apply to R. MARKwick & Co. FOR SALE. Mº Segars of a Superior quality in Boxes of 1000 each. Priee $ 9 per box. Apply to B. BARREtto, Macao. or to Capt. PARRY. Ship Hercules. Cumsingmoon. FOR BATAVIA. cargo being engaged. For freight apply to For THE Dutch ship GENERAL CHAssé, Captain Wallace, shortly expect- ed from Java, will return to Batavia, vià Manila. For freight apply to Canton 2nd Nov. 1835. DOUGLAS, MACKENZIE & Co. FOR SALE. - ( )N board the bark LINTIN, Russian and English canvass, Cordage, Beef, Pork, Bread, and other ships stores. FOR SALE ILLS OF EXCHANGE by the Court of Directors on the Supreme Go- vernment at 60 days sight. Bills on MANILA at 60 days sight. Also about 680 peculs of South AMERICAN Copper and some Plata Pina, BAR Silver and RepublicAN Dollars, now at Lintin. Apply to THOMAS DENT & Co. FOR SINGAPORE AND CALCUTTA. 7 NHE brig COLLINGWOOD, 290 tons, Captain Hookey, will leave LINTIN 5th Proximo. For freight apply to T. A. GIBB. MADEIRA WINE. OR SALE Superior Old Madeira WINE–in Pipes, Hogsheads, and quarter Casks—from the well known House of Keirs & Co. Apply to Canton, 10th September, 1835. Thomas DeNT & Co.: ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N T O N. The Albion, Captain Putnam is the only arrival of this week; for the departures we refer our readers to the Can- ton Generpl Price Current. - -m- # THE * vastavs industralis. “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “ press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “ will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” Tuesday, NovaNEER 17th, 1835. VOL. 8. WANTED TO Pu RchAse - ith ity f A Good vessel of light draft of water, a fast sailer, and with capacity for 8000 a 10000 Peculs Rice RUSSELL, STURGIS & Co. Canton, November 16th 1835. A UCT I U N Of Nautical Instruments In MARKWICK, EDWARDS & Co.'s Shop, CANTON. - On Friday, the 20th November, at 12 o'clock precisely, will BE sold BY AUCTION, THE UNDERMENtion ED NAUTICAL INSTRUMENTS. hronometer, by Barraud, No. 989 º: 8 day C do. y Harris, 709 Do, * . do. Baker, 782° Do. Sextant, Troughten, * - Do. Marine Barometer tº: do. Do. do. º- do. &- - Do. do. do. tº * Do. Artificial Horizon, w Do. 0. Do. Sextant Stand, Do. Day Telescope, Dolland, Do. do. do. Do. Night do. do- --ºnes - w the worth of the articles expos- ed. º: :*:::::::::: º: of the Honorable 3. who has retired, but who when in employ spared no expense to have the best Nantical Instruments that money in London could procure—they will be per- *:::"…e. previous to the sale apply to Mr. Markwick. EFEATA, Tin Statement of British trade. For Iron 4473 read 14473; Steel per pecul, read per tub; Plints average price, for $1.18 read $1.55. Deduct advances made by the Agents of the E.I.Co. and for amount of Imports $22,619,653 read $20,387,822. and for amount of Exports for $3,103,076 read $871,245. For advances made *: the E. I. Co's * read same. ALI, LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID- C A N T O N. ARRIVED the British vessels, Water Witch, Hen- derson, from Calcutta; ANN, Hedges, Singapore; CAMDEN, Gribble. London. The American vessels, HERACLIDE, , Manila; John Gilpin, Walsh, Valparaiso. By the CAMDEN we have received two July papers, lat- the 8th. “...º tables of the Revenue for the quarter ended July 5th exhibit upon a comparison of the financial year and quarter with the corresponding periods of last year, a de- ficiency upou both, namely ; upon the year to the amount of 21,758,886, and upon the quarter of £ 656,407. There is a decrease in the Excise, and an increase in the Customs, owing to the transfer of the tea duties. Under the heads of º. Office” and “Miscellaneous” there are improvements. The assessed taxes exhibit a great defici- ency, and stamps have proved less productive, upon both d quarter. - the ...i. hurch Bill was read a first time on July 7th. ort of the Municipal Corporations Reform Bill was ... up next º when that was disposed ol, the house would go into committee on the Irish church bill. The Tea Trade. Public sales of 60,000 chests of the new season teas having been announced to take place on the 7th July, it was stated in the Sale room that the Customs had issued an order that all Fokien boheas that might be then sold, as well as those before sold and endorsed, would be –subjected to the congo duty of 2s6d Per pound. This or- CHARLES GRANT. no.46.}ºis; der had originated in the difficulties experienced by one of the inspectors in affixing the proper duty to this description of tea, some descriptions of it being superior to low congo teas. The sale was, in consequence postponed, and a de- putation waited on Mr. S. Rice and Mr. P. Thomsom. The deputatiou represented the facts which led t& the in: terview, and pointed out the hardship which the order would inflict upon the trade, They also represented the serious injury that would be done to the merchants and shipowners who had engaged in the trade to China under the new sys- tem, if the E. I. C. continued to declare 4,000,000 pounds of tea for their quarterly sales, until their stock was dispos- ed of. Mr. Tomson said he would invite the attention of lord Melbourne to the subject. With respect to the decla- rations of the E. I. C. for their quarterly sales, the Right Hon. Gentleman read a correspondence between the Board of Control and the Court of Directors. The Board of Con- trol had sought to protect the trade from the effects likely to be produced by the large declarations of the company, and he º T.) had recommended that instead of 4,000,000 lbs. being put, up only 2, 5,000,000 lbs.should be announced. The Court of Directors, however, appeared determined to con- tinue their sales at the rate of 4,000,000 lbs. per quarter. If the Court of Directors were resolved to continue their large declarations, some measures should be resorted to by gov- ernment to protect the trade.—The sales of tea were post- poned until the following monday. The Attorney General was to bring on the imprisonment for debt bill on the 9th July. Spain. The Biscayan chieftain, Zumalacarreguy, died from the consequence of a wound on the 24th of June. The forces of Don Carlos were besieging Bilboa. Volunteers were proceeding from Great Britain and Belgium to Spain. Pºrtugal, Don Miguel has protested against the sale 9ſ Church property. At the grand procession on Corpus Christi day, it was remarked that the post of honor, the supporting of the canopy over the host, had been awarded by the queen to her ex-ministers, Messrs. Freire and Car- valho, a circumstance on which various surmises were built. It is said that the last advices from Lisbon brought intelli- gence of another change in the ministry, and that the city was tranquil. - - By the late arrivals we have received Calcutta papers tº the 19th of September; and Singapore papers of the 17th and 22nd of October.—On the 15th of that month a dinner to celebrate the act whereby the Press in India is rendered free, took place in the Town Hall. T. E. M., Turton, Esq. in the Chair; H. M. Parker, Esq. Deputy Chairman. . - In the Englishman of the 18th of September is a very full report of the speeches delivered on the several toasts being proposed and drank.-The º Chairman in pro- posing.—“The Members of the Legislative Council who *pported the Act of the liberation of the press”—made the following sensible observations. - “But there may be two descriptions of danger to be apprehended from this act, external and internal; and as to the latter, the people of this country are not stocks and stones, but men, who feel grateful for the power given to them of £ontrouling the acts of our own government; and as to the former, let us remember a grateful country, when the bloody band who have broken the liberties of Poland, will find on the Sultedge or the Indus one hundred thousand bayonets, another Austerlitz and another Ostralenka. Let us ask, then, the natives of this country whether they would prefer the broad *hield of British valour or the dominion of any power, which government 184 THE CANTON REGISTER. dictionary an official paper published in the Moniteur Ot- toman, in December 1832. Various papers have also oc- casionally appeared in the Register on the commercial policy of China; but until we can traverse her vast and fruitful provinces, and mix familiarly amongst her people —distinguished and separated by climates and wants, but united by that strong bond of union, a written language read throughout,and by the general sameness of the provincial gov- ernments—we must consider it a most difficult if not impos- sible task to give any true and full account of her commer- cial system—if she has one that can be properly so called —from books only. We do not consider that the measures of the officers of Canton are a fair criterion to form any judgment as to those of the officers of other—particularly of the inland and northern provinces—towards the natives un- der their rule, in their occupations of life—agriculture, ma- nufactures, and trade. And it would not be surprising if many points of similarity in the conduct of two governments, both founded on conquest but afterwards respecting many existing laws and customs, and forbearing to carry the sword of power into common life—in their attempts to establish and perpetuate their power, should be apparent. The portion we have chosen for our present extract from Mr. Urquhart's book is on the commercial policy of Tur- key; and we are inclined to think with him that the feeling of universal hospitality from man to man, simply because they are men, is better understood, or at least more gene- rally practised, in the East than in the West. The pre- sent rulers of China are tatars, and the history of the early and able monarchs of the dynasty proves that they were not destitute of their national virtues. The frequent arrivals of new guests from a-far, will, we trust, arouse a more generous exertion of those virtues than their guests have experienced for the last 130 years. COMMERCIAL RESOURCES OF TU RKEY. The responsibility of individuals for other individuals, so admirable a prin- ciple of our ancient institutions, when the controul accompanied the responsi- bity, when extended to nations, soured at their source the benevolent springs of fºliº: the stranger be looked on as a hostage, and commerce as a prey; and has bequeathed to our international relations of the present day, restrictions and laws that neutralize fertility of soil, advantage of chi- mate, and facility of communication,-that place barriers more impassable than deserts between neighbouring nations, and fill our harbours with fiscal intricacies more fatal to commerce than shoals or reefs. Thus has an anti- social and misanthropic spirit been instilled into our commercial system, lit- tle in harmony with the enlightenment and and urbanity which chararterise the individuals or nations on whom the system opererates, and by whom it is enforced. Sacred hospitality in the East gave man—whatever was his country, his position, his wealth, or his property,+the means of placing himself within the pale of men's affections, and of claiming from their common sympathies pro- tection against oppression. No doubt our own ancestors long preserved their early and no made reverence for their guests;* but when feudalism had divided men into proprietors and property, hospitality was erased alike from the cata- logue of duties and national characteristics. Subsequently the common bond and influence of Christianity, foreign pligrimage, and the common fanaticism of the crusades, tempered with bigotry, the harshness of barbarism : still alien was a term of reproach; fines were capriciously laid upon them, their per- sons were taxed like bales of goods, their property was retained by bargain, not by right, their inheritence, at their death, was seized of lawful right by the crown; a right which has not been very long extinguished, and in the expressive language of the time, it might be said, “that no man could sin against them.” Storms were prayed for as we now pray for rain, and pious thanksgiving were offered up by learned prelates for the wrecks which God's bounty sent them. What cau be expccted from the commercial legislation which originated in such a period, save the perpetuation in practice of the ef- fects of antipathies, which have long since yielded to juster notions? In the East, the preservation of that primary right produced and produces the very contrary effects. The merchant was not denied the rights of the guests, nor the merchandise those of the merchant, and if a powerful chief plundered a stranges, his host became his avenger. Throughout the vast do- minions of the Turks and the Saracens, during the centuries that that domin- ion has existed, under all the vicissitudes to which these dynasties and king- doms have been subjected, amidst ruined manufactories and wasted fields, we find the exchange of commodities the only right respected, hospitality the only obligation observed. * * * * In speaking of the Turkish finances, I have endeavoured to show the su- perior economy of their plan, and the ease it affords the nation, compared with the burdens laid upon it; this of course leads to a degree of commercial prosperity, which otherwise would not exist: but there is a still more impor- tant consequence flowing from this system, that of rendering commerce an operation perfectly simple and intelligible; it has no fluctuations of fear, save from the reaction of Europe; no fictitious credit is created; the consumer and producer coming almost into contact with each other, are not both rendered dependent on powerful interests and enormous capitals that have grown up between them, and in opposition to them, employed laboriously and precar- ously in effecting transfers, in running risks, in overcoming gratuitous dffi. - ---, culties and obstacles, the effects of which are, on the one hand, greatly to augment prices, and on the other, to accumulate wealth in the hands of a few. Freedom of exchange prevents sudden acquisition, as sudden loss, in the way of trade; none are excluded from some means of independent livelihood'. competition diminishes difficulties, expenses, and consequently the profits of . commercial operations; and the price of each article is as equally raised by the labor expended it its transport and commercial exchange in the East, as it is with us, by the labour expended in its manufacture. It is thus that, notwithstanding the robberies and violence of legal and ille- gal bandits, the commerce of the East, without exchanges or post offices, ca. nals or railroads, insurances or credit; unprotected by courts at me, or consuls abroad; unprotected by a legislative body, where all interests are duly represented,—extends its gigantic operations from Mount Atlas to the Yellow Sea; from the Blue Mountains amid the deserts of Africa, to the Baikal in the wastes of Tartary: and by the slow and noiseless step of the camel, maintains the communications, exchanges the produce, and supplies the wants of threa fourths of the globe. It is impossible to witness the arrival of the many-tongued caravan, at its resting-place for the night, and see, unladen and piled up together, the bales from such distant places, to glance over their very wrappers, and the strange marks and characters which they bear, without being amazed at so eloquent a contradiction of our preconceived notions of indiscriminate despotism and universal insecurity of the East. But while we observe the avidity with which our goods are sought, the preference now transferred from Indian to Birmingham muslins, from Golconda to Glasgow chintzes, from Damascus to Sheffield steel, from Cashmere shawls to English broad cloth; and while at the same time, the energies of their commercial spirit are brought thus sub- stantially before us; it is indeed, impossible not to regret that a gulf of separa- tion should have so long divided the East and the West, and equally impossible not to indulge in the hope and anticipation of a vastly extended traffic with the East, and of all the blessings which follow fast and welling in the wake of commerce. The effects still apparent of early nomade habits, the erection of pilgrim- ages into a religious obligation, hospitality still everywhere a duty, and often a privilege, readily account for the respect in which commerce is held; nor is the sacredness of its character, and its connexion with religion extraordinary, when the periodical arrival of caravans immediately relieved the wants, and took off the superfluous produce of a country where external commerce stag- nated during the rest of the year. The caravan was then hailed with ra. ture, the beneficent effects of commerce were put in the strongest evidence, and came home to each individual. Religious feelings, have anticipated laws and supplied their place, in ren. dering sacred that that which is useful. The great temples of Apollo were the banks of Hellas and Ionia—the several games were the fairs of Greece— and lands by consecration to the temples, were secured to their owners, as in Turkey at this day. In the East, hadgis and fakirs were merchants; their religious character protected their merchandize; the pilgrimages became mighty fairs; nor did the influence of the connexion rest There; commerce preserved its sacred character, even when entirely distinct from religion. The pretence, or piety of a devout Turk, displays itself in building a bridge or a causeway, in constructing a fountain or planting a tree beside it, to shade the traveller or merchant, but this feeling is particularly striking in the erection 9f stores for the purposes of commerce exclusively. . The Turk, who builds his own habitation of lath and plaster, erects a Han of solid stone, with spa- cious courts, and iron gates, to protect commerce from the two frequent casu. alities of insurrection and fire. “They are for all men, of whatever quality condition, or religion; there the poorest may have room, and the richest has: no more.” The convulsion and anarchy of the East have, of course, pressed most fatally on commerce at times; but the return of comparative order, or tranquillity, has always been accompanied by retnrn to freedom of commerce: at times it has been entirely relieved from all exactions whatever. It has. however, generally been subject to tolls and péage, more particularly when inerely transit. The extreme simplicity of commerce, from the absence of all legislation on the subject, is visible in the establishment of a merchant: no books, save one of common entry, are kept; no credits (I do not allude to the scales of the Le. vant) are given; no bills discounted; no bonds, nor even receipts; the transac- tions are all for ready money; no ficticious capital is created; no risk, or loss from bankruptcy, to incur. A merchant, whose capital may exceed twenty thousand pounds, will, very possibly, be without a clerk; and a small box, which he places on his carpet, and leans his elbow on, encloses, at once, his bank and counting house. The merchant who travels by carazans, has really few risks to encounter, and but triflng expenses. He lodges without expense, and in full security, in a Han; he is never alarmed by the dangers of fluctuations of price; he has nothing to fear from the ignorance or dishonesty of an agent or broker; he brings his goods or his money, to be exchanged for the article he wants; sees, and examines it before he buys; he has not the precarious chance of realizing a large fortune, but he has the certainty of reaping the reward of his industry. With very small capital, speculations can be undertaken. A merchant can commence traffic without corporate rights or previous connexion; intelligence, indutry, perseverance, and frugality, are the qualifications he requires, and however small may be his profits, if his expenses are still smaller, he consid- ers himself on the road to wealth. . Their “habits are therefore not frugal, but penurious.” It may be said of them, as Sir W. Temple said of the mer. chants so Antwerp of his day, “They furnish infinite luxury, which the never practice, and traffic in pleasures which they never taste.” * . But in our Anglo-Saxon law the purposes of law are completely pervert. ed with regard to hospitality; instead of the written law confirming the right which the natural law gave to the host to protect his guest from violence, the host was made responsible for the debts, the crimes, the penalties, and actions of the guest, who had received hospitality for two or three days. Such laws were not calculated to eucourage hospitality.—See Wilkins, Leg. Sar, p. 9, 12–18. * ==== Printed and Published at the office of the Editor, John SLApy, No. 4 Danish Hong. isg THE CANTON-REGISTER. the head over which one hundred winters had rolled. The behaviour of the women was particularly remarked; it was most admirable; no complaining, no fainting, no sereaming, but calmness, resignation and entire self-possession. The tones of their voices were watched as they occasionally gave, directions to their children or servants, and they were bland, subdued and polite. The sight of a burning city is dreadful any where—but it's horrors are multiplied in Chi- na. - The city of Canton is surrounded by walls between thirty and forty feet high and about twenty feet thick. Most of the houses consist of but one story, therefore, with a very few exceptions in private dwellings, and the public offices and temples, the roofs of the houses are nearly upon a level with or a few feet higher than, the walk on the walls, from whence the city is overlooked. The widest of the streets are narrow, as is also the space between them and the walls; that space is the widest on tho North side; on the West and South sides houses and wooden sheds are built up against the wall. The access to the walls from the city is by flights of steps in bad order at the different gates. The rapid and uncontrollable spread and destructive effects of a fire raging in a well thus closely walled in, the egress from which is through narrow gateways—the terror of the women and children, driven out from their retired apart- ments—the difficulty of escape to those who are, by a refine- ment in fashionable cruelty, crippled in their feet—the heat and clamour—the shoutings of the firemen, the falling in of roofs and burning rafters, the toppling down of walls, the hollow murmuring sounds of the spreading devouring flames in the narrow avenues—hope lost and ruin, despair, and a painful and horrible death approaching with rapid and irresistible strides—are more easily conceived than des- cribed. The appearance of the burning city from the wooden terraces of the foreign factories was dreadful and sublime. The curling and darting flames occasionally as- sumed the different colours of dark red, white, green and blue as they preyed upon the contents of various shops' and warehouses. The partial effects of the engines oc- casioned the ascent of vast masses of black smoke which rolled over the suburbs, whilst the wind carried the sparks over the foreign factories into the river. As the fire spread:— —jam Deiphobi dedit ampla ruinam jam proximus ardet - Ucalegon: Sigea ignifreta lata relucent. it was distinctly visible at Whampoa, and early in the morning the ship's boats began to arrive. About 7 o'clock all fear of the fire extending beyond the walls had subsid- ed, and a few hours later the progress of the flames was finally arrested in the city, and only the burning and sincking ruins remained as the evidence of the rapid destruction of the preceding night. The following is a translation of a Chinese account of the fire, which, we believe, may be considered correct In the 3rd night of the present moon, at 7 o'clock, a fire broke out in Changyuen, (the constant source of wealth) shop in Taesin keae-great new street =near the Taeping gate. The fire spread from that shop all round the neigh- borhood, to Teenping, Teenching, Leenyuen, Shingping, Taepingshing, Chingshe, Chwangyuen, Yewpoo, Gankung Seaoupwampoo, Chuhlanmunchih streets, Sinkeaou mar- ket, Honingle, Panseang, and Haoupwan streets. . The fire continued until 9 o'clock in the morning of the fourth day, when it was extinguished. The whole number of shops and dwelling houses destroyed is reckoned at about four- teen hundred. A part of the fortification over the Taeping gate was pulled down to save it from catching fire, as well as the guard house at the Chuhlan gate. All the outside shops near the walls pulled down their “frame lofts” and wooden platforms, in order to avoid the danger. On that night, a man named Tan, aged about forty years, a native of Pingkeang village in Sinhwuyheen, dwelling outside the Taeping gate, in Yangjinnan street, where he carried on his trade of a gold thread maker, went, when the fire began, to a jeweller's shop in Tasingkeae, to assist the husband of his youngest sister in removing his goods out of the city. Just as he arrived at the end of Taeping bridge, he sud- denly met with a fire-engine and a great crowd of men; he slipped his foot and fell to the ground, the engine passed over and killed him. Many availed themselves of the time of danger to rob, and were seized by the officers. The foregoing is a very meagre account; but we hope to obtain further information when the people have recov- ered from their alarm, and the ruins are cleared away. On Monday last, the Mantsae village, in the inner har- bor, opposite Macao, and a great number of boats were burnt. We have not heard, whether any lives were lost: The following is a translation of a note handed to us by a friend of the banished Hopun. We trust his appeal to “all the taepans” will not be disregarded. “An innocent man, guiltless of imputed crimes, torn from his mother and separated from his family, begs for favour and assistance in his utter extremity, and relief in his (present) difficulties. In the 14th year of Taoukwang, the Kinchae of the En- glish nation, lord Napier, arrived in the provincial city. The Tsungtuh was angry and blamed me, Hopun, because I did not announce (the arrival) by petition, and also be- cause I did not prevent (the arrival). For this cause I have been tried and banished to the army. Now, I am in daily expectation of being sent to the frontiers; and father, moth- er, wife, and children are thus cut off from all domestic in- tercourse ; for I am sent to a distance, several thousand le away. Yet, if I possessed some money I might live, if I possess none I must perish. I now presume to hope and to beg that all the taepans will open their hearts and help me, that I may be able in the course of my long journey to buy necessaries to preserve my life, and my family will in- voke on you blessings. Taoukwang, 15th year, 10th moon, 6th day, (25th Nov.) Signed by Hopun's son, Hokan, who knocks head.” THE PROVINCIAL CIT'ºr. In the middle of the 10th moon, the linguist, Hopun, Mr. Jackson's servant, Huangachung, with the pilot, Woo, are to be sent to their place of exile, where they will be slaves to the Tatar troops. The relations and friends of Achung have made a subscription for him; and we are in- formed that many of the foreign residents have also sub- scribed for the assistance of these unfortunate and guiltless Ill CI). 9th moon I&th day. Pu'an, the Kwanchowfoo, Lew,the Nanhaeheen, and Chang, the Pwanyubeen came out of the city and sealed up the Kwangle (Mowgua's) hong, and also his family house at Honan. The Kwanchowfoo has taken and put two members of the family in the charge of his deputy the kingting. It is said that Ke, the fooyuen, and Pang, the hoppo, are desirous that the hong should continue business. This year in all the forts heavy pieces of ordnance have been cast. An officer was deputed a few days ago from Canton to prove some of the new pieces at the Bogue forts. In the proving, one of them burst and killed four veteran soldiers, The deputed officer returned to Canton and re- ported the accident. The acting-governor immediatel ordered the head cannon-founder to be seized and . The new literary chancellor, Le, arrived in the city on the 15th instant; the first day of the 10th moon (20th Nov.) is fixed for his receiving the seals of office. The return of the two Kinchaes, Chaou and Ho, to Peking, was announc- ed for the 15th instant. At eight o'clock in the morning of the 25th of the moon, Tanakeen, and five other criminals were beheaded at the usual place of execution—their crimes, robbery with vio- lence. Tanakeen, was only twenty years old. His father lost his life for the same crime last year; therefore all the THE QAstºus Badustralis, “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” VOL. 8. NOTICE. The following extract from a circular letter dated Lloyds 4th March 1835, signed by W. Dobson Secy. is published for the information of all concerned. EXT R A CT. Lloyds, 4th March, Messrs. INo. TEMPLETON & Co. 1835. Canton, GENTLEMEN. - I am directed by the Committee for managing the affairs of Lloyds to inform you that the numerous and urgent complaints which have for some time past been made both by Merchants and Underwriters on the subject of Surveys of damaged goods and the Certificates granted thereon, have imperatively drawn their attention to that portion of the duties of Agents of Lloyds, and have determined them to adopt the most decided measures, with the view of prevent- ing in future that discrepancy of practice which can only have ariºn either from inadvertence, from neglect, or from an intentiºnal evasion of the instructions furnished to each Agent on is appointment. The total disregard in many in- stances of these instructions, as respects: 1st.—The survey on board with reference to the stowage and dunnage. - - 2nd, The selection and seperation of the damaged from the sound portions of each package. 3rd. The Certificates of the Shipmasters to the fact of sea damage. 4th. The immediate survey of goods stated to be da- maged. 5th. An authenticated sound price. & 6th. The charges of the Lloyds Agents for Surveys: has led to many unpleasant discussions and to compromises of claims for average alike unsatisfactory to the Underwriters and the assured. You are now required in cases where goods are damaged by sea water, to give your Certificate thereof strictly in ac- cordance with the following form. Mks. N. & Des. of Pack. No. Conts. | Snd. | Slt. Dam. | Much Dam. No. 1. 20. | 100P. 57 || 30 Ps, 13 Ps. 20 Bales Madapolams. Ps. - In addition to which the Captains Certificate of the na- ture of the damage, is to be considered indispensable, and in the event of refusal on the part of the Shipmaster, such objection and its alleged ground to be expressly stated by the Agent. And also the certified sound price either, of parcels of the same goods, or of similar parcels imported about the same time, and a certificate of the actual sales of the sound will be expected where they can possibly be pro- cured; and it is further required that the surveys on such goods should be held at the earliest opportunity, and that within areasonable time after the arrival of the vessel. A true Copy, INo. Templeton & Co. our charge for attending a survey of damaged goods, and signing certificates, is - - - Drs. 19 If more than one days survey - -- - 16 For attending a survey at Whampoa - - - 20 TUESDAY, DECEMBER 1sºr, 1835. CHARLES GRANT. PRICE INTO. 48. } 50 CENTS. For do. do. at Lintin - Drs. 30 Exclusive of boat hire. - INo. TEMPLETON & Co. - Agents for Llouds. Canton, 19th. Nov. 1835. gents f y OFFICIAL PUBLIC NOTICE. In order to obviate the inconvenience and delay at present entailed's upon the Commanders of British ships and others by the necessity of repair- ing to Macao for the purpose of obtaining a Port Clearance or the transac- tion of other business; the Superintendents of the trade of British Subjects in China hereby give notice that from the 25th instant, a member of His Majesty's Commission duly authorized will reside at Lintin to whom refer- ence may be made on board His Majesty's Cutter “LOUISA,” ~. By order of the Superintendents of British Trade in China. - EDWARD ELMSLIE. Macao, 21st November, 1835. ACTING SECRETARY. PORTUGUESE SETTLEMENTS IN CHINA, HE Author of the “Historical Sketch of the Portuguese Settlements,” &c. in China, begs leave to inform the gentlemen who may honor him with their subscriptions, that the price of the book (consisting of from 370 to 400 pages, in full size Octavo) will be two dollars, payable on delivery. The editor of the Canton Register will be so good as to receive the sub- scription list at the end of this year, and to distribute the work when . completed. The subscribers will be informed, in the Canton Register and the Chronica de Macao, when the book is ready for delivery. ANDREW LJUNGSTEDT, NOTICE.-We have this day established ourselves here as MERCHANTS and AGENTS under the firm of EGLINTON, MACLEAN & Co. Canton, 2d November, 1835. No. 5 British Factory. NOTICE.-The undersigned have established themselves at Canton and Macao, as Commission Agents only, under the firm of PEREIRA & Ca. M. Peael R.A. F. J. DE PAIva. J. S. Mendes. Canton, 2d November, 1845, NOTICE. HEinterests in our firm of Mr. Richard Holdsworth, and Mr. William SMithson having ceased, the business will in future be carried on by the remaining Partners,Thomas Fox, Thomas SAMUEL Rawson, and William Blenkin. FOX, RAWSON & Co. Canton 2nd Nov. 1835. NOTICE. Canton Register and General Price Current, per annum & 16 payable quarterly, 6 mo. 1 }} do. . in advance. Sunscarrios to the Do. Do. 8 mo. 8 Do. to the Register, annum 12 do. quarterly. ; ;: : } do. in advance, Do. to the Canton General Price Current per ann. $ 5. Subscribers taking 25 copies of the Price Current will be charged for their Extra numbers 10 cents, other subscribers 15 cents, each number. -* ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C. A N T O N. ARRIVED the American vessel Oberlin, Hoyt, and the British vessels GENERAL PALM ER, Down, from Lon- don; Is AbelLA, Robertson, from Leith; the Danish ves- sel SYDEN, Burd, from Manila. The American vessel DRomo, Devereux, is also in from Batavia. Passengers per Syden—Peter McCullum, Gordon Thomp- SOI), Moller, and Ramsdens, Esqs. - As the paper was going to Press the following arrivals were reported.—The EUGENIA (Port.) from Lisbon 15th July; PleIADEs, Ross, from the Straits; Concordia: (Sph.) Manila, - - - - - The Hamburg ship, AUFG EHEN DE SoNNE, Captain J. Von Juste, put back to Manila, having been damaged in bad weather. - THE D - - - - “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” CHARLES GRANT. vol. 3. ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C A N T O N. The arrivals in the past week have been the British ves- sels General PALMer, Down (Dec. 2nd) from Lon. don; FAIRIE QUEEN and GENERAL GASCOX NE, from Singapore; EMILY JANE, Boothby, Abercrombie Ro- FINson, Scott, George the IV. from Calculta and Singa- pore; CHARLES Forbes, Wills, from Madras; PATRIOT King, Clarke, from Bombay and Singapore; and the Ame: rican vessels Morrison, Ingersoll, from Mauila, and Hen RY CLAY, Gilman, from Boston. The letters per Fairie Queen, were dispatched from the ship at Lintin on last Thursday night, in charge of thesecond officer; but they have not reached Canton, neither has the officer been seen or heard of since his departure from the vessel. It is probable that he has been seized by the Chinese officers.—1t is believed this vessel left Liverpool on the 15th of July; consequently she should bring later intelli, gence than we yet possess. We have heard it rumoured that the important question of the tea-duties is at length settled; but we are ignorant of the details of this long pen- ding arrangement. in the Hombay Gazette, of the 26th September, we ob- serve the Prospectus of a New Journal, to be called the Bombay Examiner and Commercial Reporter, to be pub- blished on Monday and Thursday mornings. Terms:-for the Eraminer alone, four rupees per month, payable month- ly. For the Price Current or Commercial Reporter alone, two rupees per month; to subscribers who take both publications the charge is to be five rupees per month. The types are new, and the Journal is to be printed ºn English paper; and the patronage of the public is conſidently anticipated. THE PROVINCIA.I. CITY. On the 13th of the tenth moon (2nd instant) Ke, the foo- heen commenced the examination of the military Sewtsaes in various exercises of skill and strength. Mr. Jackson's servant, Achung, is banished to a dis- tance of 3000 le from Canton. His place of exile is in Gan- hupuy province, where the green, teas are produced. . His departure is fixed for the 16th instant (Saturday). It is not determined where the linguist Hopun and the pilot are to be sent. The inhabitants inside the city are busily employed rebuilding their houses and shops. THE LINGUIST HOPUN. Were we under the government of a Tsaoutsaou, Tsin, or of a Chow, like he of the Shang dynasty, we should not be surprised at the exhibition of the most fear- ful wickedness, the most cruel tyranny. The freaks of power that wretched men have play?d over their fellow creatures in China,equal and surpass the imperial tricks of a Tiberius, a Nero, or a Caligula. But these have been the shameful deeds of by-gone and ignorant times, when China was torn to pieces by the internal and constant dis- sensions of the petty chieftains of her numerous principa- litie. The crimes aad excesses of both people and rulers were then caused as much by the habits of a profligate age as by the character of individuals; but it has been re: served for the Tatsing, the eminently pure, spotless, and Tuesday, DECEMBER BTH, 1835. PRICE . INO. 49. }sº CENTS. unstained dynasty to perpetrate an act of cowardly tyranny which would disgrace the most depraved of it's predecessors. Under the reign of the emperor Taoukwang—reason s splendid light—and during the administration of Loo,the gov- ernor, and of his successor Ke, the fooheen of Canton, a native of China, a licensed linguist, has been seized, torn from his family, thrown into prison, and sentenced to to banishment and slavery beyond the frontiers—and for what crime?—Lord Napier, thechief superintendent of the British trade to and from China, in the course of his duty and in the execution of his orders, arrived in Canton. It had so happened that the arrival of that nobleman had been de- layed from bad weather and that he left H. M. cutter in the night at Whampoa, and proceeded to Canton in a boat belonging to the country ship Fort William. The linguist Hopun had been appointed to manage the delivery and lading of that ship's cargo. The polished and reasonable ruler of the two Kwang, his excellency the magnate Loo, so lauded by his emperor and the Asiatic Journal, a child of reason, one of that class who are of the wisest of the sons of men, a Chinese statesman; a father of the people;—what does this great and powerful officer? He who was the governor of two broad provinces and of nearly 30 millions of men; the commander of the sol- diers and horses and of the thundering forces of the celes- tial empire; of those celestial troops, of that phalaux of invincibles and immortals before whose burning and blast- ing glance even precious stones scrumble into dust—what does he?—this displayer of endurance and ſorbearance!— send a sergeant's guard to conduct the contumacions for- eing eye beyond the bouudaries of the celestial empire — No. He orders the innocent linguist Hopun to be seized, and finally sentences him to banishment and slavery be- cause he did not report and prevent lord Napier's arrival in Canton 1 - This is no fiction: a governor of Canton, a confi- dent of his emperor, who claims a divine right to govern and calls himself heaven's son, has been guilty of the hellish deed, in which his emperor shares, for there can be little doubt but that all the transactions connected wth lord Na- fier's arrival and residence in Canton were reported, pu- blicly or privately, to the emperor. What a people and what a govermment!—What slavish submission, what open tyranny and inhuman cruelty l—And these deeds are done under a power professing to be founded on the bestand most reasonable principles of government; and the doe . Loo, has been praised for his statesman like ability and dignified forbearance by English writers who in the same breath sneer at their own government and at the conduct of lord Napier' - They have lost, and that for ever, their monopoly —that invidious source of their wealth and influence; and now, wanting the spirit and exertion of freemen, powerless except as the children of favours and privileges, they gloat over what in their ignorance they think a fai- lure of the free trade to China, and exult in the success of Loo and Howqua and in the repulse of lord Napier. Verily such Englishmen are the wortby companions and friends of such men as Taoukwang, Loo, and Ke, and their names should be gibbeted for the everlasting contempt of posterity in listed and recorded companionship with those who have so illegally and tyrannically ruined the guiltless Hopun. T II E - - - bestaust usualSºniº “The free traders appear to cherish high notions of their claims and privileges. Under their auspices a free “press is already maintained at Canton; and should their commerce continue to increase, their importance “will rise also. They will regard themselves as the depositaries of the true principles of British commerce.” * * - VOL. 8. ºx- ALL LETTERS MUST BE POST PAID. C. A N T O N. ARRIVED.—December 5th British ships Georg E the IV., Waugh, from Calcutta; 7th, CLY DE, Kerr, from Samarang; Forth, Landers, EMILY JANE, Boothby, from Calcutta; ENM or e, Swainson, Straits and Madras; 13th, Low E E FAMILY, Johnston, Madras, 13th of October; WANGUARD, Walker. Passengers per George the IV., (omitted last week) Reynell, Nicholson, Esqs., Lieut. Bigge, Bengal army. ... We copy, with sincere pleasure, the following supple- ment to the Canton Press, dated December 14th. 1835. in recording this honorable testimonial to the conduct and character of Captain Wallace, we are perfectly aware we are only doing simple credit to a most ºtive, determi- ned, and deserving officer, who, as we thonght, committed— what the wisest and best of men may cºmmit—an error in judgment in refusing to deliver the Sylph's opium to the bills of lading and guarantees. His course of action was at once a question of discretion and a questiºn of law; on which— whºm different interests are concerned--a difference of opi- nion may be well excused. - -- "To Tilt, EDITOR OF THE CANTON PRESS. Sir, You will do me a favor by inserting the enclosed do- cument in your next number; it is of interest to almost every individual of our Community, and the respectable signatures to it, shew it to have considerable interest elsewhere. It is, above all, a just eulogium upon a meritorious com. mander, whose character of zeal in his profession, and inte- grity in all his transactions, has been severely tried and trium- phantly sustained. Your obedient Servant, 12th. December 1835. - BETA. - Calcutta, 2nd September, 1835. Captain ROBFRT WALLACE. late Commander of the Barque Sylph: ear Sir! w". undersigned Under-writers on Block and Cargo of the late Barque “Sylph,” consider that we should be acting unjustly towards you, were we longer to delay acknowledg- ing, and thanking you for your indefatigable exertion, in our behalf, on the occasion of the unfortunate loss of that Vessel, on the night of the 30th January last, on the N. E. end of the Island of Bintang. - - Severely as we have suffered by that unfortunate accident in recording the testimony of our respective Agents at Singa- pore; that, but for your activity and perseverance in a trying situation in which you were placed—especially, in remaining by the vessel when all on board expected she would, mo- mentarily go to pieces—we should, mºst probably, not have recovered a vestige of the Valuable Cargo with which the Sylph was laden. - Wetherefore beg to tender you and your officers of warm and singere thanks for the services you have mutually ren: dered us, and to assure you that your conduct throughout— from the time of the Vessels first striking, up to the Present moment, has met with our unqualified approbation. - st wishes for your prosperity, With best wishes y p "W. remain, Dear Sir, - Your most obedient and obliged Servants, (Signed. ) EG LINTON, McCLURE & Co. Secretaries to the Globe Insurance office. CHARLES GRANT. TJESDAY, DECEMBER 15TH, 1835. No. 50.) PRICE . 50 CENTS. W M. Sto RM, Agent for the Hope Insurance Co. THS. De Souz A & Co. For the Bengal Insurance Socy. P. A. CAvork E Secretary to the Amicable Insurance Office BRIGHTMAN & Co. Secs. to the Hindostan Insurance Socy. GILM or E & Co. Secs, to the Indemnity Insurance Office Bo Y D & Co. Secs. to the Commercial Insurance Office BAGSHAw & Co. Secretaries to the Equitable—ditto. We cordially join in the expression of thanks to Capt. WALL Ace for his exertions in Saving the Cargo, but he acted wrong in refusing to deliver their proportion of the Opium to the consignees who were willing to receive it damaged as it was, and discharge their Bills of Lading. (Signed.) LY ALL, MATHESON & Co. Agents 10th. Canton Insurance. Captain WALL Ace in acting as he did but anticipated the instructions which were at the time actually on their way to him from the underwriters in Calcutta, who can therefore hardly, with justice, reflect upon his conduct now. We subscribe to the letter of acknowledgement. (Signed. ) CARR, TAGORE & Co. Secretaries to the Calcutta Insurance Company. In my opinion, Captain WALL Ace could not have acted otherwise thau he did, with justice to the Salvors, (whose agent he was as well as that of the under-writers &c.) In- dividing the Opium among the Consignees in China (who he knew to be for the most part, merely consignees), what guarantee would he have had for the payment of Salvage? Knowing too, that the owners of the property were principal- ly resident here the result has shewn that he judged rightly, that they would abandon the moment they heard of the loss of the Vessel. I think Captain WALL Ace fully entitled to all the thanks bestowed upon him in this letter. - (Signed ) RUSTOMJEE COWASJEE. Secretary to the Sun Insurance Office. We should have been wanting in common justice towards a meritorious individual, had we hesitated in issuing this supplement, to aid in removing the imputations which have been thrown on Captain WALLACE, relative to his conduct on the lamented loss of the Sylph. - The preceding documents are so truly demonstrative of the whole of his proceedings having met with the approba- tion of the assurers, of that Vessel and Cargo, that our minds must be greatly warped from the fair course of justice, and our feelings torpid and inseusible, if we did not exult at his triumph over opinions that seein not to have been the most generous. It must be gratifying also to those friends of Captain WALLAce who have felt a warm interest on his behall, during the struggle he has had, & under the weight of res- ponsibility that has been following him, to have the testi- monials of the Insurance offices so warmly in his favor. PARAPATTAN ORPHAN ASYLUM. We are happy to again publicly acknowledge the liberality of the Parsee merchant, Framjee Pestonjee, Esq. We have received from this gentleman, on account of the above Asylum, the very handsome donation of $300. - THE canton Registen. 203 in's head swelled u by a side-stroke. and one whose eye. was º j". out by a º in the pºse exercise. One º: soldier had a smart rap on the crown, which even his military cap * not render quite agreeable, for he skulked away, no doubt perfectly º - —Peace being restored, although both parties continued to eye each other with deadly hatred, it was at last agreed to deliver the petition to the ‘.... heep on the following terms: 1stly. That the Quongheep º s soldiers to fall back, as we were determined not tº give up the petition . i threats or any means of intimidation. 2ndly. that the Qwougheep shou bring us some proof that he really had delivered the petition to the &: These terms being sealed and ratified, the good-natured old man .*. the seccond time. Upwards of an hour elapsed, when he returned in ‘. pany with two others mandarins; one the Chungheep, with ''...} ue button,and the other that terror of evil-doers, our friend the Namhoy (Narhae. heen)." The former was a mild and most gentleman-like old man, with a ...; beard; the Namhoy was fat aud pursy, and really seemed too *...* to. discharge the unpleasant duties of his office. Only allow me to ask, Mr. Faitor, may there not be a difference between a mandarin when he is anxious to othe some scores of boisterous fanqueis, and when on the bench ordering his lictors to apply the bamboo to a poor devil's posteriors 2 - - titi These gentlemen assured us that the fooyuen had received our pe º very graciously, and that the most immediate and strongest measures wou d be taken to give effect to it's prayer; we assured the mandarins of the unfeigne interest which we took in the fate of our fellow-countrymen, and fixed . days as the term allowed, within the which, if the prisoner were not º n- coming, we should again ... the city-gate, and come better prepared to - iers a full satisfaction. - “...'. the mandarins for their politeness (a bare enough return for our former rudeness) we evacuated the city and repaired to Hºwqua & in a body, and signified to him our intention after three days, in the event of *: countryman not being released ; stating at the same time that had he acted . first with the proper feelings of a man he would have spared us and himsel - e and annoyance. mº º foreign readers will naturally enough ask—“What thingtaikee that city-gate pigeon --‘‘What is all this trouble and noise about? – why Mr. Editor, I leave you to tell them, as you are a much mºre eloquent In an than your obedient servant, PACIFICUS, We are much obliged to Pacificus for his account of what took place when Mr. Gibb and his friends proceed- ed to the local authorities inside the city, with a determina- tion of bringing to the notice of the chief officers of the gov- ernment the seizure and detention of the second officer of the Fairy Queen. That officer was released, but unde what Con- ditions we know not; but this we know that if the Chinese po- lice are allowed persevere in this system of extortion with im. punity the safety of person and property will soon become disgracefully precarious. The foreign merchants should insist not only on the free release of their countrymen and papers,but on the immediate and condign punishment of those meddling, petty larceny rascais, who by their petty pilſering acts Irritate the public feeling, and hazard a collision with the government and an interuption of the present peaceable relations of all foreign nations with China. iitor—whilst lamenting the undeserved fate of the poor, unfor- º who are now transported and torn from the bosom of their families, I deeply feel the injury done to the foreign ºmmunity; If we !. enquire after the canse which fixed upon them the stain of treasonable intercourse with barbarians, we shall Soon find out that the overnment wishes to strike terror into its subjects by punishing the mere f.º. of a crime; how dreadful then the infliction if a man can be º: law which excludes natives from intercourse is positive, but repeated imperial edicts, declaring the foreign trade at Canton legal, annul it entirely. The government appoints linguists and pilots, and these are ivileged persons who may carry on an unrestrained communication with tºº. The pilot who was arraigned before the tribunal knew not, per- haps, even the name of lord Napier, and he is, nevertheless, punished; the lin dist who had, perhaps, never seen, and who never exchanged a single . with his lordship, is commanded to tell a lie in the presence of the j council of mandarins. When he refuses to acknowledge that lord N. came in the Fort William, his face is so severely beaten that the blood j out from his mouth for refusing to state a falsehood; and he is after. ‘. sentenced to transportation.—A servant accompanies his master in a wards boat, a matter of frequent occurrence and hitherto not prohibited,: he i". chained, and is to be transported. The government wanted victims is seiz hom to wreak its rage, and these three innocent individuals are ...” out to become the scape-goats. Had a government which acknow. sing o laws committed such a flagrant act of injustice we should have ledges n n to wonder. But here we are told that the laws of the celestial little º: very strict; that the dignity of the celestial empire must be i. ; and we perceive nevertheless that an unheard-of act of cruelty is uphel led by lawless—we dont say legal—proceedings. Such laws may ..". and crush cringing slaves, but they can never fill us with ºu. or demand submission from rational creatures. - ** ºvernment wishes to give a striking example, in order to terrify all º are either in the service of foreigners or carry on commercial those w º them. Unawares a similar punishment may fall upon their ..., ads, and they are kept in a state of trepidation and recoil at the least devoted “, the displeasure of their superiors. Can they be faithful to their indication to their commercial constituents? their faithfulness is construed. ..". "º. They may escape the cruel hands of the mandarins, but º, º the security of their property and lives. Will men of fortune *nº of established character venture to Participate in the foreign trade, or will capitalists advance money to hong-merchants unless an exorbitant interest is paid. Letit not, however, be thonght that we fancy imaginary evils. Since the subscription, list for the suffere, was circulated, we have hºrd strange remarks from the natºes *nd wonderful threats from the mandarins. Nor was all this confined to There words; clandestine and sly proceedings sufficiently show that the mandarins *** really in earnest to assert thºr control to the utmost of their power. X. Perfectly persuaded that bewailing most industrious and enterprizing nation to express my abhorrence of a system which stigmatizes the individu: with infamy who approaches a foreigner, and declares the coming in contact with civilized men a contagion which ought to be cauter. with unre- lenting eruelty. t * . nnfortunate relations with the of Asia is of no as ail, I only wish A CONSTANT READER. - Letter from a British subject in Canton to the ministry of England, *g they may be, Whig, or Tory, Peel, or Melbourn. 1rs, On the 23rd of April 1834 a monopoly expired here (created by a Tory ninister) of the most dreadful and paralyzing nature that ever did oppress *merce in any portion of the globe-Thé people of England unseated this monster, and in January 1834 steps were being taken by a whig. 80"ernment in England. With their usual delay and procrastination they contrived after six months of an interregnum that my Lord Napier's C. mission should arrive in time enough just to do us harm: though Suci, a commission in any hands except Lord Napier's, so virtuous and able, Yºu!" have been worse than the tender je. of the old monopoly. Lord Napier died, and advices ofthe utter, failure of his attempt, he be:g the outset of a whig arrived to a Tory minister, he goes down to Leader, Hall Street, eats turtle, ponders how he can best turn this Whig failure 19 Party account, and in the midst of his polidering John Bull Kicks fºr, down stairs amongst the shells of the turtle he has hardly digested. In comes whig. again! and as we come near the present time let us indulge in a few dates; it was early in April lord Ellenborough and the duke left office, and on the 12th of May the Parliament, government, and the whole **, were, in full operation. Sir John Camºji. the Tame Elephant's stall; and lord Palmerston, with the wholeſhohors ofbeing refused by the "ºt beautiful county in England, but still With a stiff neckcloth, again **k ºffice; yet we have these mºppiniºr ºf Lord Napier and disappoi. ters of every one who knows C inese affairs, once more three months in Pºwer, when the 'Camden left, 8th July is: #' and nºt a common act ºf administration done. A gallant and fictions friend did say at the foreign office “what about China?”“oh as to Qhina..it is in that green box bel. that table we shall look into it by and bye!" For the beautiful Protocols and Peers that came out of and ... that box we care little and when the $ontents, revised and amended, arrive, expect little; but where England is benefiting by an increased revenue, in aſ nearly £4,000,000, and . one word of a chancellor of the exchequer as to duties on Bohea or Hyson *y here and in England make or mar hundreds offortunes, and whº, the alteration impending is admitted; it was natural to expect (had we not from experience known the reverse) thatſ: sound common sense would have provided for such announcement before not after a Tea Seasch, which we are now more than half through. | - . . . . . . . These and such like acts of our home rulers prove that we have nothing to look to from their activity, or justice, but that an independent station must be taken and supported both against them and the Chinese, when everything will be granted to us from their fears which is denied our just prayer. - Canton, 9th December, 1835. DELTA. NEWLY DISCOVERED ROCK IN THE CHINA SEA. Rock seen from on board American ship Hercules, Captain Wood,on her passage up the China Sea, October 7th, 1835. - - - At 9 A.M.; Passed within musket shot of a Rock 8 or 10 feet long, and about 3 feet above water. No indication of danger except light colored water immediately round it. Sea very smooth and breaking but little upon it. Long by Chronometer from Pulo Aor 1070 41. E. Lat. 5: 24 North. The yawl on deck under repair and could not examine it. PARAPATTAN ORPHAN ASYLUM. On Sunday, the 20th instant, the Reverend, W. H. Medhurst preached a sermon, at No. 2 American hong, for the benefit of the above charitable institution. The Reve- rend preacher, following up the sentiment:—Defendit nu- **.junctæque umbonephalanges, led his attentive audiº- ors to a view of their own position as professing Christians; and pointed out the many and incalculable ad vantages that are enjoyed by the inhabitants of Christian countries, where the seats of civil and religious liberty are fixed. The possession of the scriptures, the care and example of parents, the love of teachers and friends were enumerated among the aids that may be presumed generally to have been combined to the formation of the characters of those who were assembled: and, by a just corollary, the duty of imparting liberally and with good free will to others those benefits weławe ourselves received, was earnestly and eloquently enforced. 204 THE CANTON REGISTER. - - ASSAULT ON A CHINESE JUDGE. This Excellency Wangtsinglečn, the criminal judge of the province of Kwangtung, going his rounds incognito at 10 o'clock on the night of the 29th of the 10th moon—18th instant, arrived at the door of Leangtae, one of the Nan- heeheen's runners, in Magán street, where he heard the rattling of dice and the noise of gaming inside. He imme- diately entered and seized four men,and punished them on the spot with ten blows each and then released them. The Nanhaeleºn, hearing of the judge's arrival made all haste to attend upon him. The judge directed him to return to his office, as he did not require his attendance. However, the Nanhaeheen directed several of his runners to follow the judge. As the judge extended his walk he arrived at Keyunle street, where there is an opium-smoking shop. Four of the soldiers below-the-banner and two natives of Canton were smoking' inside, and in their chat were rail- ing at the magnate Wang, not thinking that he was listen- ing. He forthwith entered and seized them. The below- the-banner men, confiding in their strength, set altogether upon the judge and beat him with their fists, thinking they could quickly escape. The judge's servants salled immediately to the Nanhaeheens runners to enter the house, seize the (gamblers) and take them to the office. His Excel- lency Wang, immediately punished the two natives with two hundred blows, and sent the bellow-the-banner men to the tseangkeun. The tseangkeun immediately struck them off the muster-roll and returned them to the judge for exa- mination and punishment. On the 27th of the moon,_16th instant—Tangakuang and two other robbers, belonging to Sanshwuy heen, were beheaded. Their decollated heads are to be suspended in wooden eages, and Leufun—an officer belonging to the town of Fuhshan, is ordered to Sanskwuy heen, to proclaim the sentence to the people. On the 29th of the 10th moon,_18th instant. His Ex- cellency Wangching, the heoyuen, embarked on his return voyage to Peking. The fooheen, Ke, and all the govern- ment officers accompanied him to his boat. ROMAN CATHOLIC MISSIONS IN THE EAST. Founded by Priests from France. At Pondicherry there are several stations, containing, together, more than 140,000 Catholics, but a single French bishop.assisted by five mission- aries, is charged with the s iritual care of this iminense flock, on a coast of two hundred leagues. How few labourers for so vast a harvest! The kingdom of Tonquin contains 1-0,000 Christians, who have but two Europeon priests, one of whom is ninety years old, and the other is equally disabled by age and infirmity; consequently these Christians differ from . the idelaters around them in nothing except baptism; they are equally ignorant, superstitious, and corrupt. - Cochin China contains 80,000 Catholics, who have two bishops, who have resided amongst them 29 years; these bishops have two grand-vicars, but the one is paralytic, and the other sails from Cochin China to Paris and from Paris to Cochin China. In-Siam the Jesuits influenced the King to send a formal declara- tion to Louis XIV., to declare that he all his people desired to be con- verted to the Catholic faith. but now, in the whole kingdom of Siam, there is but one French priest. - - - In China, there was a seminary for native Catholic priests; but, in 1817, this seminary was completely destroyed; and in 1-2-, several Christian families, the most wealthy and charitable of Sutchuen were reduced to beggary; their chiefs were put to death; and their children, without distinction of age, scattered. In 1791, these eastern missions contained seventy European missio- naries; now they contain scarcely thirty, and most of these are sinking under the weight of years, labours, and infirmities; thus, in the space of forty-three years, these missions have been reduced more than half!. In the same period, Protestant missionaries have been sent to all parts of the globe, and, at length, Britain has permitted them to proceed to China. - Alexander's East India Magazine for March. THE BENCH OF DIRECTORS. [Previous to the Reform Bill.] In the year 1830, there were (52 Members of the House of Commons who were connected with the East India Company; ten Directors of the Company sat in the House of Commons; they were returned by three proprietary boroughs, 4 borºughs containing between them 850 voters, one Scottish burgh, and ole Scottish country, containing 161 voters. Inde. Y pendently of their small salaries of £300 a year each, or £3,000 a year between them, these Ten Directors brought a patronage to bear upon the votes of the House, amounting yearly to not less than £250,000, derived from their share of the average number of annual appointments, viz— 1 Writership to China, each worth - £10,000 which is £10,000 do India, do. - 5,000 do. 34,000 468 Military, Medical, Clerical appointments, do. 500 do, 230,000 529 Annual Appointments to India and China. fº!,000 This, is exclusive of-the local patronage of the India House—the patronage connected with tho Company's shipping-the supply of stores to lndia, and the commercial investments. Of the 51 proprietors, and others in Parliament exclusive of the Directors, 28 were returned by proprietary boroughs. The number of votes at the India House, possessed by the Directors, and Proprietors having seats in Parliament, was exactly 100; which, at the then price of stock, were worth £2,200 cach; so that the personal interests of Members of the House of Commons were involved in maintaining the monopoly to the extent of £220,000. There were 18 Members of the House of Commons who had served the Company in India, 15 being retired servants of the Company; ofthe 18, six received from the Company pensions of from 1,000l. to 2,000 a year each. There were in the House but two Members who had resided in India not servants of the Company; and these were both East India Agents and Proprietors of India Stock. Besides the 62 Members of the House of Commons, who are obviously connected with the Company, there are others, returned by their influence, and in some cases by their funds. There were 17 Peers who were possessed of 31 votes at the India House; they had relatives pessessed of 18 votes; making together 59 votes, which were worth 107,800l. Hence, 79 Members of the Houses of Parliament, and the relations of the noble propiertors, possessed 149 votes, the value of which they increased to itz,700 each, making a total of £402,300,by means of the memorable compro- mise effected under the auspices of Mr. Grant, the half and half President and Proprietor. It is quite impossible to say what any individual made by jobbing in India Stock, which, under Mr. Villiers fell to 191, aud, under Mr. Macaulay, rose rapidly with every communication. The Spiritual Peers have learning to redeem their unpopular subserviency to the minister of the day; but the East India Directors who bought a bench in the Commons House of Parliament, were distinguished for prejudice, heightened by ignorance. The late Mr. Charles Grant was the most able East India Director who ever bought a seat in Parliament; but, even”he, was ignorant; his own sons have been constrained to confess this by acting in oomplete opposition to all his policy; he was inveterately ignorant, therefore, entirely devoted to the monopoly; and being a laborious man he distinguished himself as the Champion of Monopoly. Now, thanks to the Reform Act the Directors' bench is broken up.–Ibid, fºr May. - METEOROLOGICAL DIARY FOR NOWETBER, The RM. BAIR. e-A-ºw night. noon. WINDS. 68 69 30:10 N. most part cloudy—fresh breeze. 56 68 30:20 N. fine weather—moderate breeze. 56 68 30:25 N. cloudy most part , > y 62 70 30:30 N. fine weather—mostly fresh breeze. 56 70 30:15 NaN.N.W. do.—do.——do.— do. V 68 30:10 N. ———do.———do.——do.—do. 53 68 30:10 NaNE.—-do.———do.—mod. and vble. 1 5 0 58 72 30:10 Ease. —-do.——light variable. 65 78 30:10 Sa NE.——do.———do.—-do. I () 66 79 30:15 N —do. -moderate breeze. 11 63 75 30:20 N.———do. —most part mod. breeze. 12 58 72 30:20 N.——do.—-light breeze. 3 60 72 30:20 N.—do.———do. * 14 59 70 30:20 N. do.— do. O 15 59 74 30:20 N. do.————latterly fresh breeze. (> 16 57 72 30:25 NaN.N.W.do.—moderate. & 17 57 72 30:25 N.——do. ——fresh breeze. § 18 57 72 30:25 N.——do. —moderate breeze. *ſ 19 57 71 30:30 NaN.NE. do.———mostly fresh breeze. † 20 59 70 30:20 N. —do. —moderate breeze. * 21 55 68 30:20 NaN.N.E. do.———fresh breeze. O22 59 70 30:20 NaN.N.E. do.———-first&mid-lat clay.fr.br. (223 58 7.0 30:30 N. fine weather—fresh breeze. J 24 58 61 30:40 N. cloudy————do. ; 25 55 68 30:30 N. fine weather——-do. }ſ 26 51 70 30:25 N.—do.— moderate breeze. * 27 59 74 30:15 N.—do.—fresh breeze. H 2S 60 7.5 30:10 N.—do.———-do. G) 29 59 75 30:15 NaSW.—do.—first&mid. latter cloudz,wble. (£ 30 64 by 30:10 NaB. cloudy with rain—moderate breeze. Printed and Published at the office of the Editor, John SLAD", No. 4 Dauish Hong. 2O7 THE CANTON REGISTER. The following list of the persons who were killed has been published— “Marshal Mortier, Duke de Treviso, struck in the heart by a ball; General de Lachasse de Verigny, struck on the forehead by a ball; Captain Villante, Aide-de-camp to Marshal Maison; Lieutenant-Colonel Rieussec, of the 8th Legion, struk by three balls; Messrs. Prudhomme, Ricard, Leger, and Benetter, grenadiers of the 8th Legion.” Besides these, a Colouel, two citizens, a woman and a child, were also killed, but their names are not given: in all thirteen were destroyed. The number of wounded is eighteen. - In the early part of the day, the King was rather gloomily received; and his own appearance was not cheerful: indeed, it is said to have been ascer- tained that an attempt was to be made on his life—though from what quarter, was a mystery; and he wore a steel cuirass as a guard. , But after the murderous attempt had been made, he was enthusiastically cheered ; cries of “Vive le Roi!” and “A bas les assassins!” resounding from all quarters. The King displayed considerable firmness and, presence of mind, although his physiognomy for some time after was very ghastly. “He had been urged to terminate the review, and return to the Palace immediately upon the attempt being made; but though deeply affected by the scene he had witnessed, and the loss of an old and attached friend, his courage would not permit him to yield to the suggestion, which might have been liable to the misconstruction of malevolence. Numbers of the National Guard quitted their ranks, and, mingling among the Staff-officers in the cortège, surrounded the King with anxious inquiries as to his safety, the fears on this head having been greatly increased by his horse plunging at the moment of the explosion. His Majesty replied, No, I am not hurt. my horse only is but my poor comrade has been less fortunate.” In saying these words, his Majesty pointed with visible emotion to the brave old Marshal, extended on the earth, and breathing his last. An officer who had received him in his arms was covered with his blood. The animal on which the King rode was in fact wounded in the neck and on the ear; and his Majesty received a bruise in the left arm, which he felt with his right hand, and turning to Colonel Delarne, said, “It is nothing.' The three Princes also displayed remarkable presence of mind. The Queen received the intelligence of the attempt at the Hôtel of the Minister...of Justice, where she was, with the Princess, awaiting the King in the Place Vendôme. They remained until the conclusion of the review; when the Royal party and his Majesty returned tº the palace of the Tuileries, about five o'clock. Dnring the whole of the afternoon and evening, crowds flocked, out of curiosity, to the melancholy spot; in consequence of which, a strºng detachment of Municipal Guards was stationed there to keep the peace.” - It is mentioned that Madame Morrier was especially anxious that her husband should not attend the review, fearing the consequenees of heat and fatigue; but he said, in allusion to the prevalent repºrts of projected attempts on the King's life, “No, no; I must go; for I am tall, and may perhaps cover the King.” In the evening, the King and Queen, who had been receiving congratulations from thousands of visiters, left the Tuileries, and paid a visit of condolence to Madame Montier; they afterwards returned to a grand dinner, at which two hundred guests sat down in the gallery of Diana. After dinner, the King held a Council of Ministers; and thus concluded the eventful day.—Spectator, August 1st. EXTRACT. Colonel Raffé who belonged to the gendarmery of the Seine, received a ball in his left side, but was able to keep his seat in the saddle for some time when he fainted, and fell from his horse. . He was taken into the restaurant of the Cadran Bleu. After about two hours he was visited by Colonel Feisthamel, to whom he said, “You are the first of our friends who havc come to me. I know I have no more thon two hours to live, but tell me whether the king is wounded or not º', “No, neither he, nor any of the Princes,” “Give me your word of honour.” “I swear it.” “Well! Vive le Roi; The bad luck is mine.” Colonel Raffè died, we regret to state in the course of the evening. - M. Calmon, one of the vice-Presidents of the Chamber of deputies, hastened to the king last evening, accompanied by such of the members as as were in Paris, and delivered to his majesty a short but impressive speech, ex- ressing the sentiments of the Chamber on the execrable attempt of which the É. had been the object to which his Majesty replied with great emotion. A great number of Mayors and Deputy Mayors of the arrondissement of :* assembled after the review, and signed the following address to the Ingr:- *śr.—in the midst of universal joy a horrible attempt has menaced the life of your majesty, but the hopes of the enemies of France are once more frustrated. While we deplore the loss of of illustrious victims fallen under the balls of assassins, the chief impulse of our heart is to return thanks to Providence for having once more saved the country, by preserving the life of your Majesty. On this painful occasion the arrondissement o' Sceaux renews te your Majesty, by the voice of its magistrates, the homage of bound- less devotedness, which your Majesty already knows, and deigns to appre- ciate.” The Moniteur contains the following royal proclamamation:- “Frenchment—The National Guard and the army are in a state of deso- lation;–my heart has been rent by a frightful spectacle. , An old varrior—an old friend— who had been spared by the fires of a hundred battles, has fallen at my side, from blows which assassins destined for me. . In order to reach my person they did not hesitate to sacrifice, glory: honour, patriotism, peaceable citizens, women, and chidren, and Paris has seen the blood of the best Frenchmen shed on the same spot, and the same day on which, five years ago, it flowed for the maintenance of the laws of the country! . Thºse whom we have now to regret have fallen in the same cause. Again, it is the constituitional monarchy, the freedom of the laws, the honºur of the nation, the safety of families, the welfare of all, that are once more threatened by my enemies and yours; but the public grief, which answers to mine, is at once a homage offered to rhe noble victims, and a forcible testimony of the union between France and her king. My government knows its duties, and will fulfil them." However, let the fetes, which were intended to celebrate the last of these days give place to ceremonies more in conformity with the sen- timents with which our minds are impressed—let all due honours be render- ed to the memory of those whom the country has just lost—and let those veils of mourning which yesterday shrouded the tri-coloured flag again be Put over this faithful emblem of all the sentiments of the country Given at the palace of the Tuileries, this 28th July 1835. “LOUIS PHILIPPE, “By the King. “The President of the Council, Minister for Foreign Affairs. “V. BROGLIE.” This proclamation is followed by a royal ordonnance of the same date, to the following effect:—“The fetes for the celebration of the anniversary of July, 1830, shall not be continued. A solemn funeral service shall be per- formed in honour of the victims of the attempt of this day.” Last night the Commissary of Police read at the differeut theatres a letter from the Prefect on the horrible event of the day, and at all of them it was received by cries of Wive le Roi! the audience testifying the utmost indigna- tion at the atrocious attempt. All the threatres will be closed this evening. A The government has decided that one funeral procession shall be formed of all the victims of yesterday, instead of taking place separately. The day fix- ed was to-morrow, but it is thought that the necessary preparations will not allow the melancholy ceremony to take place before Friday. The melancholy feeling produced by the lamentable event of yesterday is forcibly expressed by most of the shops in the capital being closed this morn- ing. In another column will be found an extract from the “Spectator,” detailing the circumstances attending the wicked attempt to murder Louis Philippe, the king of the French. It isthe most painful part of the duty of a public jour- nalist to record the crimes of his fellow-men. In the contemplation of this dreadful instance of the utter depravity of the human heart—when revenge for wrongs real or supposed and hatred of success and distinc- tion seduced the mind of the wretched Girard into the mo- nomania of slaughtering the king of his countrymen, even though he should at the same moment murder an unknown multitude of others, amongst whom might be his own nearest relations and most familiar and dearest friends,-the mind of man is shaken and pauses in it's course of thinking and judgment; reflection upon the passions of mankind pro- duces no explanation or palliation of a crime of such atro- cious wickedness—of such pitiless, heartless, deluging slaughter. The deeds of a Brutus, a Ravaillac, a Felton or of a Charlotte Corday can be explained and under- stood; in these terrible instances of a mistaken revenge and sense of duty, life for life was periled and devoted; but here the thirst of vengeance must be slaked not only with the blood of it's real victim, but, rather than fail in the in- tended aim, also with innocent, unoffending fellow countrymen and friends; the greyheaded warrior, whose life has been passed in camps and battles in his country's cause, women and children, the mother and the babe, all, all must be sacrificed, and in a moment of congratulation, on a holiday of universal joy. Girard—if that is his name—has made for himself a place in the darkest page of the history of human crime. º NEWLY DISCOVERED SHOAL IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN PART OF THE CHINA SEA. To the Editor of the Canton Register.—Canton, 26th December. Siri-We beg to hand you, for public information, the accompanying account of a danger in the South-eastern part of the China sea, which we consider unknown though in the vicinity of the Friendship shoal, as laid down in Horsburgh's charts, Whether it be a part of this shoal (by it's extension) or not we are not qualified to judge; but are disposed to consider it not so, from the situation given to the said shoal, and the confidence we have of our situations being correctly ascertained at the time we fell in with this danger. We remain your obedient servants, GEORGE WAUGH, Commander “George IV” ROBRT SCOTT, Commander “Abercrombie Robinson." The Ships “Abercrombie Robinson and George IV " having left Singapore 30th October (in company), passed Pedro Branco P. M. of same day, steering to E. N. E. d. for the Palawan passage. On 1st of November made the South Anambas, Flat Island and West Island. Steered to NE. d. with fine weather and light winds. On Sunday 8th November at 10.30. A. M. the “George IV.”bearing N.b E. 3 miles from the “Abercrombie Robinson,” wind north, steering E. N. E. at 5 miles per hour, fine clear weather, both ships nearly at the same time (from the mast-head= first) saw rocks under water ahead and immediately afterwards under the ship's bottoms; soundings quarter less five and six fathoms—The “George” then wore in quarter less five fims, seeing the rocks plainly on the weather beam; had a second cast of 7 fins. Steered S. W. through what appeared the deepest water and in five minutes had no bottom at 40 fims. ( See supplement. )