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I 111- - - ýý,,ý %,..., ý- ", -. - - -7. ý,ý- Z, 11,wý -, -.-ý I -.I- - -,ý -V -, A.ýI!.1 11. -,. o ý--,-Zý,,,,,:-, ý I I. ý ", ý.,-ý, - - ý- " ý, -,ý ý, -?, 7,, I -, ý ý ý.--ý-ý...... -. ':' -ý'. ' -'.,,,ý - - ý...,,,ý:ý -..,,, - I.- -,.ý-,. - -,ý ý.. "'., - ý I,. ý --,,, I " aw9wu=, ýý.: ýý I --`,,, ý,ý;.. 1ý,,,,, - -ý -I - -ýf, - ý,,- - --, - ý ý......... ' ' IHUIU, ý - - -,,ý I. I - --- -- ý - _.L -, - I...: 1 37,.!:, - "., -il- - ý!,,. - ý -. I,- ý ", - ý I - ý ý, i.,.- -..,.-,- I - ý - THE HOMO(EOPA THIC EXAMINER (Fourth Volume, New Series) Was issued on the 15th day of August, 1845, and thereafter on the first of each month. Price, $5 in advance, or 50 cents each number. Forty-eight pages of every number will be constantly devoted to the translation of some standard work on Homceopathy. In the present we give the commencement of Ruckert's Therapeutics, which will be completed in ten numbers. The journal will hereafter be edited by Drs. Gray and Hempel. WM. 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Compiled chiefly from Jahr, Rueckert, Beauvais, Bcenninghausen, etc. BByJ. T. CURTiS, 'M. D, and J. Lrsira, M. D. 1843. Bd.,87X cts. JAHR'S PHARMACOPCEIA and Posology of the Preparation of Homceopathic Medicines, and the Administration of the Dose. Translated by F.'Kitchen. $2. HOMIEOPATHY, ALLOPATHY, AND "YOUNG PHYSIC" BY JOHN FORBES, M.D., F.R.S., ONE OF THE EDITORS OF THE " CYCLOPEDIA OF PRACTICAL MEDICINE," EDITOR OF THE "BRITISH AND FOREIGN MEDICAL REVIEW," ETC.,-ETC. NE W- Y OR K: WILLIAM RADDE, 322 BROADWAY. ALSO, J. T. S. SMITH, 592 BROADWAY. BOSTON: OTIS CLAPP, lA SCHOOL-STREET. PHILADELPHIA: C. L. RADEMACHER, 39 NORTH-FOURTH STREET. 1 846. txist no grounds for doubting that Hahnemann was as sinvere in his belief of the truth of his doctrines as any of the medical systematists who preceded him, and that many, at least, among his followers, have been, and are sincere, honest, and learned men. That there are charlatans and imipostors among the practitioners of Homoeopathy cannot be doubted; but, alas, can it be doubted, aniy more, that there are such, and many such, among the professors of orthodox physic? On these grounds, then, it appears to us reasonable, that: the claims of Homzeopathy, regarded as a system of medical doctrine, ought to be admitted so far as to entitle it to investigation, at least; and, in undertaking such an investigation, we have no more right to reject the evidence supplied in its favor by its professors, than we have of rejecting any other evidence in favor of any other medical doctrine, theoretical or practical. The first idea of the fundamental doctrine of Homceopathy, seems to have entered the mind of Hahnemann in the year 1790, the forty-fifth year of his age,) while engaged in translating Cullen's Materia Medica into German. DissatisL fled, it is said, with the author's attempt to explain the actiori of bark in curing intermittent fevers, he resolved to make trials with it on his own person,-he being then in perfect health. Having taken a sufficient quantity of this drug, he affirms that he was speedily attacked with symptoms ]resembling those of ague; "( and forthwith," says his historian, "4arose in his mkid a conception of the great truth which was destined fo constitute the basis of the new art of medicine."-* "IMay not," he reasoned, "l the power of cinchona to cure ague, depend on its power to excite in a' healthy body a similar disease?" SWith the view of testing the truth of his hypothesis, he tried the effects of other medicines on himself and others, and always, it is said, with the same result, viz., "c that the medicines excited in the healthy body the same symptoms which they were capable of removing when these occurred naturally in the diseased body." Proceeding then to examine the records.of medicine, as to the effects accidentally produced by poisons and other strong drugs, and finding everything, as he believed, confirmatory of his own views derived from experiment, he hesitated no * Miro symptomatum utriusque morbi concentn tactus, magnam statirm pr&. sagivit veritatem qua) nove artis medice fundamentum facta est. (S. Hahne. onanni Materia Medica Pura. Dresdw, 1826. Introductio Edit., p. vi.) 2 any effect they produced was, at best, not curative, and probably, was injurious by disturbing the curative effects of nature. When they were reduced to infinitesimal doses, they ceased to produce any effect on the system, and so came to seem beneficial by not interfering with the vis medicatrix. There seems also to be a contradiction in the facts, as well as the reasoning of Hahnemann, in regard to this matter. He says it is from the sensitiveness of the affected part being exalted to an extraordinary pitch by the disease, that the remedy operates in the infinitesimal dose. If this is the case, how does he explain the alleged facts, on which all his therapeutics is based, viz., the production of such a multitude of symptoms (i. e., medicinal diseases) in the healthy body, as recorded in his "1Materia Medica Pura," and his "6Fragmenta." Every one has heard of this incomprehensible posology but we are inclined to believe that few, if any, but the homoeopathists themselves, or those who have read their books, (and only a small number have,) are aware of its infinite and astonishing minuteness. What passes respecting it, in common medical parlance, is regarded as a playful exaggeration of the truth, garnished good humouredly for the nonce, like the ornamental facts of the story-teller. And it is no wonder that this is so. Mere imagination, working primarily on its own ground, could never have reached such a climax of the marvellous. Here, assuredly, if anywhere, the truth, if truth it be, is stranger than fiction. So minute are the doses prescribed by the Hahnemannic school, that they are scarcely conceivable by the human mind. They defy all the powers of chemistry and physics to detect in them any trace of the remedial substances which they profess to contain, and they almost confound arithmetic in reckoning their amount. We are not ashamed to confess that our own powers are inadequate to put down in figures an ordinary homceopathic dose, and we suspect that many of the homceopathists themselves would find themselves in the same predicament on trial. The following are the different attenuations or doses used. First = one hundredth of a drop or grain. Second = one ten-thousandth do. Third = one millionth do. Sixth = one billionth do. Ninth = one trillionth do. Twelfth = one quadrillionth do. Fifteenth = one quintillionth do. Eighteenth = one sextillionth do. Twenty-first = one septillionth do. Twenty-fourth = one octillionth do. Twenty-seventh = one nonillionth do. Thirtieth one decillionth do. The primary dilutions or attenuations are used comparatively rarely; the higher ones, as the sixth, twelfth, twentyfirst, and thirtieth, very commonly. It may be worth a moment's trouble to try how far we really understand or comprehend these numbers. Looking at the first of these we have no difficulty. The hundredth (100th) part of a grain, is intelligible enough; the ten-thousandth (10,000th) is comprehensible, but begins to waver before the mental view; while the millionth (1,000,000th) part of a grain, puts our powers of comprehension on the rack, andj1eaves us in a chaos of undefined entities or non-entities, we know not which. We fancy that we grasp the reality, and then it instantly vanishes as a phantom, even beyond the sphere of imagination itself. Having got so far, the additional subdivisions, or attenuations, scarcely add to our difficulties. The mind, in any such case, is occupied by a word more than a thing,-and whether the word be a millionth, billionth, or decillionth, the power of comprehension seems the same. And yet the actual difference between these quantities is immense,-so immense as to be almost as inconceivable as the actual things themselves. This will be more intelligible, we think, by setting it down in words thus: One thousand thousands, is. A Million. One million millions*....... A Billion. One million billions........ A Trillion. One million trillions........ A Quadrillion And so on to.......... A Decillion. Now, we believe this last denomination (according to the English mode of numeration) would stand thus in figures:1,000000,000000,000000,000000,00000OOO0000000,000,OO0000,000000,O00000,000000,000000. Imagine, if you can, a grain of silica, or charcoal, or oystershell, (powerful remedies, according to Hahnemann and his followers, in this attenuated condition,) divided into this * This is according to the English mode of calculation. The French calculate by thousands-not by millions; e. g., with them a billion is a thousand mil. lions only. 10 number of parts; and one of these parts is not only a fit and proper dose to be given as a remedy for severe diseases, but is an agent of such potent influence on the animal economy, that one dose of this amount will continue acting for thirty, forty, or fifty days, and must not be interfered with by any repetition of it, for fear of deranging or destroying its curative virtue! Thus, Hahnemann tells us that a sextillionth of a grain of carbonate of ammonia will act beneficially upwards of thirty-six days;* that the decillionth of a grain of oystershell (calcarea) will require forty, fifty, and even more days, " to effect all the good it is capable of;"t that a similar dose of plumbago (graphites) will act for at least from thirty-six to forty-eight days;t and a like dose of phosphorus, at least forty days.~ " Of such minute division," remarks Dr. Alexander Wood, in his very clever pamphlet, "no language can give even the slightest idea, and though calculations may express it in figures, yet they fail to convey any mental conception of the amount." He accordingly gives the following analogical illustrations, as tending, at least, to help us to comprehend the unbounded vastness, or, rather, infinite littleness, of the subject contemplated, if not to compass themselves in our minds. " A billion of moments have not elapsed since the [Mosaic] creation of the world, and, to produce a decillion, that number must be multiplied by a million seven separate times. The distance between the earth and the sun is ninety-five millions of miles; twenty of the homceopathic globules, laid side by side, extend to about an inch, so that 158,400,000,000 of such globules would reach from the earth to the sun. But when the thirtieth dilution is produced, each grain is divided 100,000; 000,000; 000,000; 000,000; 000,000; 000,000; 000,000; 000,000; 000,000; 000,000 parts,II so that a single grain of any substance, in the thirtieth dilution, would extend between the earth and the sun 1,262; 626,262; 626,262; 626,262; 626,262; 626262; 626,262; 626,262; 626,262 separate times!" (p. 108.) After this, the more familiar illustrations that one hears of, such as a grain or drop of the original medicine being dissolved in the lake of Geneva, the Caspian, or the Mediterranean, and then a drop of the marine solution given as a homceopathic dose, will hardly appear extravagant. * Die Chronischen Krankheiten, Band ii., p. 20. t Ib., p. 67. l Ib., p. 148. ~ Ib., iii., p. 48. 11 We believe Dr. Wood is here under the mark, and that the real sum is that given by us above. 11 It is, however, but justice to Hahnemann and his followers to state, that they only then attribute such powers to their infinitesimal doses, when the remedies are prepared in a peculiar mariner; maintaining that new properties and powers are developed in them by the frictions and shakings to which they are thereby subjected. The evidence they adduce in support of this opinion, is entirely derived from experience, they say: medicines prepared in their peculiar manner being found capable of curing diseases, while, if otherwise prepared, they are not. The character of this evidence may be more particularly considered hereafter; we will only now remark, that its validity will depend entirely upon the quality of the evidence which they can adduce under the name of experience. If they adduce no other proof but the fact of diseases ceasing on or after the employment of their medicines, the fact, though repeated ad infinitum, if standing simply by itself, must go for nothing in the way of proof. If they can show a sufficiently large number of instances of two parallel series of diseases, the one series treated homceopathically, the other left to nature, and show that all or the vast majority of the one set were cured or benefited, and the other set not,-then, indeed, we shall be prepared to admit the conclusiveness of the argument based on experience. And in this case we must concede to the Homceopathists, that no argument based on the mere ground of a positive inconceivableness of a dose, or a supposed impossibility of its action, will have any weight. "1Empty declamations," to repeat Hahnemann's own words, " must give way before the might of infallible experience." The doctrine of infinitesimal doses, based, as it is, on the alleged infinitesimal sensitiveness of the diseased body, or, at least, of the affected part, must, as a matter of course, draw after it, as a corollary, the necessity of a strict regimen during the cure of diseases. If medicinal substances, reduced below the standard of mental conception, are able to produce such great effects on the animal system, a fortiori may many other things entering the body in the shape of food or drink, or acting on it from without, produce similar, or, at least, somewhat analogous effects, to the great detriment of the individual and the utter counteraction or derangement of the remedial process instituted by the homomopathic medicament. To be sure, it might be argued that, as the former class of substances are not "1prepared" according to the homceopathic formula, they ought not to act so energetically. But to this 14 twenty-two. Mercury is considered as a false anti-psoric, and its employment denounced as producing the most dangerous consequences; often, indeed, benefiting speedily, but only for a time; the disease returning in a vastly greater degree or worse form.* And here, again, we fear that our friend, Professor Henderson, who employs this medicine in these psoric diseases, must have forgotten the instructions of his master, and must look forward to the relapse of some of his best cases, so triumphantly but unscientifically cured by " Mercurius 6." The preceding is a brief outline of the main doctrines of Homceopathy; very imperfect, indeed, and confessedly doing injustice to the large and important subject; yet, it is to be hoped, accurate as far as it goes, and assuredly drawn up honestly and candidly. It is not our intention, on the present occasion, to submit the doctrine to any minute or formal critical examination: before, however, proceeding to the notice of Dr. Henderson's book, we wish to make some cursory remarks upon it in its double aspect, as a system of doctrine, and as a practical art. As has been already stated, we think it impossible to refuse to homoeopathy the praise of being an ingenious system of medical doctrine, tolerably complete in its organ zation, tolerably comprehensive in its views, and as capable of being defended by feasible arguments, as most of the systems of medicine which preceded it. It is quite another consideration whether it is TRUE. If homoeopathy can defend itself with more feasible arguments than many of its opponents imagine, it is assuredly obnoxious to objections which it cannot easily rebut. These may be found in ample detail in Dr. Wood's pamphlet, and in many other books and journals of easy access to the reader. We would here indicate a few of the most important which must present themselves to most minds in considering the general question. 1. We hold the great alleged fact from which the doctrine took its rise, to be no fact at all; or, at least, not to be a fact of that generality of manifestation, which a theory said to be of universal applicability, ought to rest upon. We deny, on the one hand, that many of the medicines said by Hahnemann to be capable of exciting artificial diseases, or the symptoms of diseases, in the healthy body, are really possessed of such powers. We instance, in proof of our asser* Kronischen Krankheiten, b. ii., p. 12. 18 If the medicament to be prepared is solid, one grain, if liquid, one drop, is added to one of the parts of sugar of milk in an unglazed porcelain mortar: the two substances are mixed together for a moment, by means of a horn or bone spatula, and are then rubbed (with a middling degree of force--mit einiger Kraft) with the pestle, also unglazed, for six minutes: the mass is then scraped [by the bone or horn spatula we presume] from the bottom of the mortar and the pestle, during the space of four minutes more: it is then rubbed as before six minutes: four minutes are again consumed in scraping the mass together. The second portion of sugar of milk is then added, the two are stirred with the spatula for an instant, and are then subjected for six minutes to similar trituration. The powder being again scraped together during the space of four minutes, is once more triturated for six minutes, and this time more forcibly (kriftig gerieben.) Being again scraped for four minutes, the third and last portion of the sugar of milk is added; the whole is mixed by the spatula, and then forcibly triturated for six minutes; again scraped four minutes and again triturated six. The powder is then carefully removed from the mortar and pestle and deposited in a stoppered phial. This is the First degree of attenuation, or the hundredth degree of power. To raise the medicament to the Second degree of attenuation, or the 10,000th power, one grain of the powder thus prepared is mixed with one-third of ninety-nine (thirty-three) grains of sugar of milk; these being well stirred with the spatula, are forcibly triturated for six minutes and scraped for four; and the same operations are performed on adding the second and third portions of the sugar of milk respectively. The powder is then preserved as before in stoppered phials. It thus appears that each attenuation is effected by means of six triturations of six minutes each, and six scrapings of four minutes each; the whole period or preparation occupying exactly the space of one hour. To obtain the Third attenuation (the millionth) a grain of the second attenuation is taken and treated precisely in the same manner. The higher attenuations are obtained from this third-power powder, by means of solutions in alcohol and water, and are thus effected. In the first place, one hundred drops of strong alcohol and one hundred drops of distilled water, both of low temperature, (keller-temperatur, cellartemperature,) arc mixed together by means of ten shakes of 25 The following extract shows the number and events of some of the more important and best marked diseasesAdmitted. Cured. Uncur Died. Recov. Abscess of the brain-- -----3 - - 3 Apoplexy- - --- ---9 4 2 3 Cancer of stomach and uterus 5 - 2 3 Amenorrhea and Chlorosis 90 89 - - I Ascites-------- -14 10 1 3 Diarrhoea------- --114 112 - 2 Dysentery------- --44 42 - 2 Erysipelas of the face 181 177 1 2 1 Fever, excluding typhus 1036 1007 1 17 11 Typhus,aabdominalis-..... - 819 669 2 140 8 Influenza.... 52 51 -- 1 Dyspeptic affections- ----.-173 172 - - I Gout, acute and chronic 102 97 1 4 Headaches, various-- -----61 61 Articular inflammations 211 203 - 2 6 Meningitis.--------17 15 1 1 Bronchitis.------ -15 15 Ophthalmia.-.....- 31 30 1 Endocarditis.---- - -- 29 29 Pericarditis.----- - -2 2 Enteritis------- --6 1 - 5 Pneumonia------ --300 280 - 19 1 Peritonitis------ ---105 100 - 5 Pleuritis---------224 221 - 3 Measles-------- -25 23 - 2 Phthisis------- --98 - 27 71 Rheumatism, acute and chronic 188 188 - - Scarlatina---------35 31 K 2 2 Small-pox-.......- 136 120 - 11 5 Tonsillitis 300 299 - - I It is well known to all physicians accustomed to statistical inquiries, that, without a minute classification of the individual diseases included in any general report of cases, showing the sex, age, condition of the patients, the precise character or genius of the prevailing diseases, the season, the date of the disease when brought under treatment, &c., &c., no trustworthy comparison can be instituted between any two lists of diseases, however similar in name, and although occurring in the same locality. The difficulty of comparison will, of course, be considerably enhanced, when the countries, nature of the localities, general habits, &c., &c., of the patients, are different in the two cases. It would, therefore, lead to no useful purpose to institute any close comparison of Dr. Fleischmann's bare skeleton tables with any similar tables of diseases treated allopathically in this country or elsewhere. The conclusions deducible from such a comparison, whether for or agrainst either mode of treatment, could not be admitted as of any positive weight in settling the practical question at issue. To enable us to do this effectually, we would require from each party an incomparably greater number of cases, observed and treated through 31 twenty-ninth and thirtieth cases are cases of severe neuralgia, the former speedily relieved after one dose of dulcamara, the latter, after one dose of aconite. It would be unfair to deny, that the result obtained in these four last cases would have been regarded as very satisfactory under any mode of allopathic treatment. The thirty-thir4 and thirty-fourth are cases of pneumonia. The first case proved fatal; but as the treatment was partly homceopathic, partly allopathic, no inference can be drawn from it. The second was a well-marked case in a girl ten years of age. All the ordinary physical signs existed. Phosphorus and bryonia were the principal remedies administered, and the patient was convalescent about the ninth day. After the large list of cases of pneumonia, successfully treated by Dr. Fleischmann, the result of this of Dr. Henderson's creates no surprise, and adds nothing to the strength of the evidence in favour of the hommopathic treatment of this disease. Such results may indeed astonish our heroic bleeders and mercurializers, or may even turn them, being so full of faith in drugs, to the pole opposite to heroism, homceopathy itself. But if mere recovery from an attack of pneumonia is to be admitted as evidence in favour of treatment, our heroes of the lancet and pill have other claimants for their suffrages besides the hommopathists. "In order to appreciate thoroughly," says M. Grisolle, "1the value of the various kinds of treatment cried up in pneumonia, it is indispensable that we should know accurately the progress, duration, and most frequent termination of it when treated purely on the expectant plan; but we have not this medium of comparison. It is indeed true, that M. Biett treated during a whole year all the cases of pneumonia that came into his wards, with emollient drinks and cataplasms only, and the mortality was very inconsiderable. M. Magendie employs no other treatment in the same disease.'* We may add that,'to our knowledge, the same plan has been followed in one at least of the large hospitals of Germany, and the result was considered to have been far from unsatisfactory. And M. Grisolle informs us, that he himself, in the year 1840, treated eleven cases of pneumonia, "call perfectly characterized by the auscultatory phenomena, and by the expectoration, nearly in the same manner. The whole treatment consisted in confinement to bed, rigid diet, pectoral ptisans, and (rarely) a mild laxative such as castor oil. All the patients * Trait6 Pratique de la Pneumonie, p. 560. 36 thing in the economy of nature, and only to be explained by the Deus ex machind of hommopathy, that a case of diarrhcea, characterized by intervals of health, should stop as usual, although any incomprehensible something was given, and that it should not return for a few days longer on one particular occasion? These may seem little things to comment on, but surely little things will not be despised by the hommopathists of all men; and here they very significantly show the sort of philosophy we have to deal with. Men capable of admitting cases of this kind as evidence-and we could extract fifty from Dr. Henderson's book much feebler than this-are demonstrably disqualified to treat of things which demand for their handling the stern logic of a masculine mind. While on the subject of diarrhcea, we may here state a little fact not very irrelevant to the present discussion. Many years ago, when in charge of a large body of men in the public service, we had occasion to treat an epidemic diarrhcea, of considerable violence, but not dangerous. Finding our patients recover as fast under one as another of several methods of treatment adopted, we thought there would be no unpardonable l6se-majestM either to our royal master of London or our divine master of Delos, in carrying our trials one step further. Accordingly, we put half of our remaining patients on a course of orthodox physic, and half on homceopathic doses of flour (farin. 30) in the shape of breadpills; and it puzzled us sadly to say which was the most successful treatment. Query: As there certainly was a decillionth of flour in each of our doses, and as this had undergone not a few "1triturations and scrapings-and shakings" in the barn, in the mill, on the crane, in the warehouse, in the joltings of of a long land-journey, and the infinitesimal vibrations of a ship in a long sea-voyage (we were then within the tropics,) in the bakery, in the surgery, in,the mortar (unglazed,) on the slab, in the pill-box, in the patient's hand, (with two arm-shakings,) in his mouth, in his throat, in his cesophagus,-who shall deny us the merit of having wrought our cures homceopathically? If it is asserted that farina is not found among the homcnopathic remedies, we reply that charcoal is, and the onus probandi that the one is not as good as the other, lies with our opponents. If it is asserted that farina has not been "proved" on the healthy, and that it therefore comes not within the category of the similia similibus, we content ourselves with simply denying both assertions, and we pledge ourselves to produce, on trial, as many symptoms in a healthy man with the one as with the other. But even ;37 if our theoretical arguments should be rebutted, we take up our ground with Hahnemann and Dr. Henderson, and reply to all cavillers, that we have evidence beyond and above all theory-we have the irrefragable evidence of facts. For why? Have we not given our remedy, and has not a cure ensued? And " must not vain declamations be silent in the presence of infallible experience?" It is unnecessary to proceed with the examination of Dr. Henderson's cases. They are all of the same general character; and the minutest analysis of them would not alter the conclusion to which the portion already commented on, infallibly leads. This conclusion is similar to that we drew from the cases of Dr. Fleischmann. In the present case we shall state it in the words of Dr. Henderson himself:" I can hardly conceive," says Dr. Henderson, " that those who are better entitled to judge, will find it difficult to admit, on the supposition that the cases have been exactly as related, that there has been a proportion of success among them, with which they would have been fully satisfied, as the result of the ordinary means." (p. 49.) Whether-we may be ranked among those " who are better 'able to judge," or not, we do not know; but we do not hesitate to declare, that the amount of success obtained by Dr. Henderson in the treatment of his cases, would have been considered by ourselves as very satisfactory, had we been treating the same cases according to the rules of ordinary medicine. In making these admissions in respect to the instances of treatment supplied by Drs. Fleischmann and Henderson, we wish formally to guard ourselves against being supposed to admit, at the same time, as if it were one and the same thing, or as if the one was a corollary of the other, that the result of the hom~eopathic treatment generally, is, and will be, as successful as the result of the ordinary treatment generally. It is possible that this may be the case; but, as we have no certain evidence that it is so, it would be absurd on Sour part to assume that this is the fact. We wish to keep strictly within the record, which goes no furtherthan this, that a certain definite number of cases of disease, treated homceopathically by these two gentlemen, appear to have had as successful results as if they had been treated allopathi-.cally, or according to one or other of the prevailing modes ýof ordinary practice. No documents are in existence calculated to lead to a judgment of the general question at issue between the two doctrines. 38 But many of our readers we expect, will be of opinion that, in admitting what we have done, we are betraying the cause of legitimate medicine, and lending our aid to extend the heresy of homceopathy. If such should be the result of our admissions, we cannot help it. We have said only what we believe to be true; and if what we believe is in reality the truththe promulgation of it cannot lead to evil. Truth is good. If the art of medicine, as we profess and practise it, cannot bear investigation, and shrinks before the light of truth, from whatsoever quarter it may come, it is high time that it should cease to be sanctioned and upheld by philosophers and honest men. If, on the contrary, it be true and good-even if it be only but partially true and moderately good--the stirring touch of inquiry and the stimulus of opposition cannot fail to benefit it in the end. What, then, it will be naturally asked, is the explanation of the momentous fact we have announced, that a considerable number of diseases have been, and perhaps continue to be, treated as successfully by homceopathists as by allopathists? Is it, that the one kind of treatment is as good as the other? Is IT, THAT HOM(EOPATHY IS TRUE? To both of these queries we give an unequivocal and decided negative, so far at least, as this can be given in a case where we have, as yet, no demonstrative proof on one of the sides of the question. We may, indeed, have proof sufficient to satisfy any reasonable mind, that the theory, or doctrines, or principles of homceopathy are false; but as yet we have no demonstrative evidence that it is false in its practical bearings-false, that is, powerless, as a means of curing diseases. It will not be disputed by any one conversant with the history of medicine, that these two things are not only distinct, but independent of each other. We can, however, assert with the greatest positiveness, that, as far as the evidence supplied by the documents now before us, or the evidence we have been able to gather from other published writings of the new school, goes, -there exists not a tittle of actual rROOF that homeopathy is true in this aspect. On the other hand, we have not a little positive evidence to prove that it has often failed to cure in cases where, according to its principles and the alleged experience of its professors, it ought to have cured, and in which allopathy did effect a cure. Still, this is only negative proof, and might be accounted for or explained away on grounds that would not necessarily compromise the existence of homeopathy as a means of cure. In a case so extraordinary, so marvellous, it may be said, as that of 40 We cannot give to these queries, as to the former, either a simple negative, or a simple positive reply. In answer to the first, we would say, that allopathy is certainly true, in a limited sense, that is to say, it unquestionably possesses, to a certain extent, the power of curing diseases. It is, however, not true, in an absolute sense, or in the sense in which it is regarded by some, inasmuch as it does not cure a great proportion of the diseases it is supposed to cure. In answer to the second, we admit that there is a third power, common to or coincident with both, which, while it explains all the triumphs of homnoopathy, reduces those of allopathy within much narrower limits than its more zealous votaries are wont to assign it: this iS THE POWER OF NATURE. And here we must be permitted to enter into a little detail; as the placing this subject in its true light appears to us a matter of great importance, not merely in relation to the main object of the present discussion, but in its bearings on the subject of Practical Medicine generally, and especially on the momentous question of its improvement, or, if we may be allowed to say so, its REFORMATION, which we think is impending. Much confusion and difficulty have been thrown over our consideration of the question of the nature and powers of homoeopathy, and many disturbing and distorting influences here come into play in our attempts to form a just estimate of the value of allopathy, because of our misappreciation, on the one hand, of the actual powers of nature in freeing the body from the diseases that arise in it, and because of misappreciation, on the other hand, of the powers of art in working to the same end. Health is such a blessing and disease such an evil, that the existence of the desire to get rid of the latter, and thus td recover the former, must be co-extensive with the possession of reason by the organism that suffers. Strongly to desire is equivalent to the origination of action to gratify the feeling. Hence the origin of the medical art, which must have been coeval with the origin of man himself; hence the conception and formation of plans for the purpose of relieving pain, and of theories to account for and explain them, springing up in the mind of the first sufferers, and growing in number and variety from that time to the present; hence the constant interference of art with the natural processes of disease in the human body. When in process of time, medicine came to be established as a distinct profession, such interference necessarily became much more frequent and much greater; 42 times in various countries, which could exert no substantial influence on disease or on the animal economy. 5. The wide-spread and frequently the exclusive employment, more especially in modern times, of universal, or as they are now called, quack medicines, under the use of which almost all curable diseases have frequently got well. Whether these medicines consist of inert substances, or of substances of positive medicinal power, the inference derived from their employment is nearly the same. All of them have, most indubitably, cured (to use this word in its common acceptation) a vast number of diseases; and whether the event was consequent on the use of a substance of no real power, or possessing a particular power only, must be allowed to be nearly the same thing. In our own day we have seen many large fortunes made in this country by the sale of various patent drugs of this kind-from Solomon's Balm of Gilead to Parr's Life Pills; and this fact alone proves their real efficacy, that is, proves it on the very same grounds of evidence admitted in legitimate medicine. Success, that is, the apparent cure of diseases on an extensive scale, could alone keep up a sale of them so extensive as to enable their proprietors to accumulate large fortunes. And of this kind of success-that is, the getting-well of patients under their use, according to the legitimate post-hoc mode of reasoning, every medical man must have witnessed many instances. 6. The Tiow fashionable system of Hydropathy furnishes strong and extensive evidence of a like kind, although on somewhat different grounds. This mode of treating diseases is unquestionably far from inert, and most opposed to the cure of diseases by the undisturbed processes of nature. It, in fact, perhaps affords the very best evidence we possess of the curative powers of art, and is, unquestionably, when rationally regulated, a most effective mode of treatment in many diseases. Still it puts, inma striking light, if not exactly the curative powers of nature, at least the possibility, nay facility, with which all the ordinary instruments of medical cure (drugs) may be dispensed with. If so many and such various diseases get well entirely without drugs, under one special mode of treatment, is it not more than probable, that a treatment consisting almost exclusively of drugs, may be often of non-effect, sometimes of injurious effect? An intelligent and well-educated hydropathical physician, on whose testimony we can entirely rely, informs us, that in a great many cases that have come under his care in a hydro 47 as to come, at length, to something like an appreciation of the true powers and actions of remedies, of which, at present, we are lamentably ignorant. In truth, a portion, though only a small portion, of this most important knowledge has been already obtained from the experiment; just enough to show us more clearly than before, the extent of our ignorance,-the first step to knowledge. We hope this will appear from the brief exposition Of the present state of Therapeutics which we are now to make. In finishing our examination of the writings of the Homepopathists, we said, that we did not shrink from admitting and adopting the inferences-however unfavourable to Allopathy-which seemed necessarily to flow from the results of their treatment of diseases. The principal of these inferences have been already stated more than once. It seems necessary, however, to recapitulate the more important of them here. These are:1. That in a large proportion of the cases treated by allopathic physicians, the disease is cured bly nature, and not by them. 2. That in a lesser, but still not a small proportion, the disease is cured by nature in spite of them; in other words, their interference opposing, instead of assisting the cure. 3. That, consequently, in a considerable proportion of diseases, it would fare as well, or better, with patients, in the actual condition of the medical art, as more generally practised, if all remedies, at least all active remedies, especially drugs, were abandoned. We repeat our readiness to admit these inferences as just, and to abide by the consequences of their adoption. We believe they are true. We grieve sincerely to believe them to be so; but so believing, their rejection is no longer in our power; we must receive them as facts, until they are proved not to be so. Although Homomopathy has brought more signally into the common daylight this lamentable condition of medicine regarded as a practical art, it was one well known before to all philosophical and experienced physicians. It is in truth, a fact of such magnitude,--one so palpably evident, that it was impossible for any careful reader of the history of medicine, or any long observer of the processes of disease, not to be aware of it. What, indeed, is the history of medicine but a history of perpetual changes in the opinions and practice of its professors, respecting the very same subjects-the nature and treatment of diseases? And, 49 " Quod fuit in pretio, fit nullo denique honorc; Porro aliud succedit, et e contemptibus exit, Inque dies magis appetitur, florctque repertum Laudibus, et miro 'st mortaleis inter honore." To be satisfied on this point we need only refer to the history of any one or two of our principal diseases or principal remedies, as, for instance, fever, pneumonia, syphilis; antimony, blood-letting, mercury. Each of these remedies has been, at different times, regarded as almost specific in the cure of the first two diseases; while at other times, they have been rejected as useless or injurious. What seemed once so unquestionably, so demonstrably true, as that venesection was indispensable for the cure of pneumonia? And what is the conclusion now deducible from the facts already noticed in the present article, (p. 246,) and from the clinical researches of Louis and others!* Is it not that patients recover as well or nearly as well without it?-Could it have been believed possible by the practitioners of a century since, that syphilis could be safely treated and successfully cured without mercury? or that it could ever be questioned that mercury was not a specific in the cure of this disease? And yet what are the opinions and the practices of the surgeons of the present day, and the indubitable facts brought to light during the last thirty years? Are they not that mercury is not necessary (speaking generally) to the cure of any case, and that it is often most injurious, in place of being beneficial? The medical god, Mercury, however, seems as unwilling to be baulked of his dues, as the mythological; if he has lost the domain of syphilis, he has gained that of inflammation; and many of our best practitioners might possibly be startled and shocked at the supposition, that their successors should renounce allegiance to him in the latter domain, as they themselves had done in the former. And yet such a result is more than probable, seeing that there exists not a shadow of more positive proof (if so much) of the efficacy of the medicine in the latter than in the former case. The same truth, as to the uncertainty of practical medicine generally, and the utter insufficiency of the ordinary evidence to establish the efficacy of many of our remedies, as was stated above, has been almost always attained to by philosophical physicians of experience in the course of long practice, and has resulted, in general, in a mild, tentative, or ex* See Louis' Recherches sur les Effets de la Saign6e, Paris, 1835; or the Re. view of the work in this Journal, vol. i., p 97. 37 name of a disease, or sometne symptom or some one local affection in a disease, thanfhe disease itself-that is, the whole of the derangements existing in the body, and which it is his object to remove, if possible. 16. To teach teachers to teach the rising generation of medical men, that it is infinitely more practical to be master of the elements of the medical science, and to know diseases thoroughly, than to know by rote a farrago of receipts, or to bei-aware that certain doctors, of old or of recent times, have said that certain medicines are good for certain diseases. 17. Also to teach students that no systematic or theoretical classification of diseases, or of therapeutic agents ever yet promulgated, is true, or anything like the truth, and that none can be adopted as a safe guide in practice. It is, however, well that these systems should be known; as most of them involve some pathological truths, and have left some practical good behind them. 18. To endeavour to enlighten the public as to the actual powers of medicines, with a view to reconciling them to simpler and milder plans of treatment. To teach them the great importance of having their diseases treated in their ear liest stages, in order to obtain a speedy and efficient cure; and, by some modification in the relations between the patient and practitioner, to encourage and facilitate this early application for relief. 19' To endeavour to abolish the system of medical practitioners being paid by the amount of medicine sent in to their patients; and even the practice of keeping and preparing medicines in their own houses. Were a proper system introduced for securing a good education to chemists and druggists, and for examining and licensing them-all of easy adoption-there could be no necessity for continuing even the latter practice; while the former is one so degrading to the medical character, and so frightfully injurious to medicine in a thousand ways, that it ought to be abolished forthwith, utterly and forever. 20. Lastly, and above all, to bring up the medical mind to the standard necessary for studying, comprehending, appreciating, and exercising the most complex and difficult of the arts that are based on a scientific foundation,-the art of Practical Medicine. And this can only be done by elevating, in a tenfold degree, the preliminary and fundamental education of the Medical practitioner. GENERAL AGENCY OF THE CENTRAL HOM(EOPATHIC PHARMACY, AT LEIPZIG, FOR THE UNITED STATES, W WM. RADDE, No. 322, BROADWAY, NEW-YORK. WM. RADDE respectfully informs the Homoeopathic Physicians, and the friends of the System, that he is the sole Agent for the Leipzig Central Hommopathic Pharmacy, and that he has always on hand a good assortment of the best Homceopathic Medicines,. in complete sets or by single vials, in Tinctures, Dilutions and Triturations; also Pocket Cases qf Medicines; Physicians' and Family M]edicine Chests to Laurie's Domestic (472 Remedies)-EPP'S (54 Remedies)--HERING'S (58 Remedies).-Small Pocket-cases at $3, with family guide and 27 Remedies.-Cases containing 415 Vials with Tinctures and Triturationsfor Physicians-Cases with 240 Vials of Tinctures and Triturations to Jahr's Manual in 2 vols.-POCKET CASES with 60 Vials of Tinctures and Triturations.-Cases from 200 to 400 Vials with low and high dilutions of medicated pellets.-Cases from 50 to 80 Vials of low and high.dilutions, &c., &c. Refined Sugar of Milk, pure Globules, &c., as well as Books, Pamphlets, and Standard Works on the System, in the English, French, and German languages. HOMIEOPATHIC BOOKS. JAHn G. H. G., M.D. Short Elementary Treatise upon Homceopathia and the Manner of its Practice; with some of the most important effects of ten of the principal Homoeopathic remedies, for the use of all honest men who desire to convince themselves, by experiment, of the truth of the doctrine. Second French edition, corrected and enlarged, translated by Edward Bayard, M. D. Bound,.... 37j cts. JAHR'S NEW MANUAL OF HOMCEOPATHIC PRACTICE, Edited, with Annotations, by A. GERALD HULL, M. D., from the third Paris edition. This is the second American edition of a very celebrated work, written in French by the eminent Homceopathic Professor Jahr, and it is considered the best practical compendium of this extraordinary science that has yet been composed. After a very judicious and instructive introduction, the work presents a table of the Homoeopathic medicines, with their names in Latin, English, and German; the order in which they are to be studied, with their most important distinctions, and clinical illustrations of1 their symptoms and effects upon the various organs and functions of the human system: -The second volume embraces an elaborate analysis of the indications in disease, of the medicines adapted to cure, and a glossary of the. technics used in the work, arranged so luminously as to form an admirable guide to every medical student. The whole system is here displayed with a modesty of pretension, and a scrupulosity in statement, well calculated to bespeak candid investigation. This laborious work is indispensable to the students and practitioners of Homoeopathy, and highly interesting to medical and scientific men of all classes. 2 vols. bound. Price $6. HAHNEMANN, Dr. S. The chronic diseases, their specific nature and homceopathic treatment. Translated and edited by Charles J. Hempel, M. D., with a preface, by Constantine Hering, M. D., Philadelphia. 8vo. 5 volumes. Bound. 1845. $7. HEMPEL'S Homoeopathic Domestic Physician, 1846. Bound 50 cts BCENNINGHAUSEN'S Essay on the Homceopathic Treatment of Intermittent Fevers. Translated and edited by Charles Julius Hempel, M. D. 1845. 38 cts. A treatise on the use of Arnica in cases of Contusions, Wounds, Strains, Sprains, Lacerations of the Solids, Concussions, Paralysis, Rheumatism, Soreness of the Nipples, etc., etc., with a number of cases illustrative of the use of that drug, by.Charles Julius Hempel, M. D. 1845. 181 cts. HAHNEMANN, Dr. S. Materia Medica Pura. Translated and edited by Charles 3ulius Hempel, M. D. 2 vols. 1846. 83. The Third and Fourth vols. in press. LEAVITT, TROW, & CO., PRINTERS, 33 ANN-STREET.