) U p IClERUNJON &ERN~s. 497 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK. BE LOW -42?ST. 5 * r A 72_ Y46i8q THE CHILD'S HO1ICREOPATIIIC P1JYSICIAN.;OR, FULL AND) PLAIN ADVICE TO AE h ON THE MANAGEMENT OF INFANTS AND CHELDREN, AND ON THE TREATHE T 0 ~THE -IvDISQJDERS. By DR. Cl.. GW'.. ATLAUB. Transicoted? from the fourth foreign Rdition, wth the addition of Cases, and many new Chart rs. By NEVILLE WOOD, M.D. FELLOW OF' THE REYAL COLLEGE oF FHYSICIANS oF EOInEOOOOH; xwAEuCE oF TiHE BRITISH HOMCEOFATHIC SOCIETY; ADTHOR OF "A. BRIEF VIEW 00 HOCEOFA.THY"; PHTYSICIAN TO THE BoOSITON HOH1EOFATOOC. DISFENSART; CONSULTING PHTSICIAN TO THE CENTRAL HOM(EOFATHIC DISFENSARY; ONE OF THE MEDIEAL EOUNEIL OF THE LONDON HOMOOROFTHIE SECOND EDITION. LONDON: WK. HEADLAND, 15, PRINCES STREET, HANOVER SQ., W.; H. TURNER &- CO., 77, FLEET STREET, E.C.; G. CLAYTON,31, REGENT STREET, W. MANCHESTER: H. TURNER & CO1..41, PICCADILLY. 1861. [A Case, price ~2 2s., containing all the Medicines prescribed in this work, may be purchased of WM. HEADLAND, 15, Princes-street, Hanover-square, London, W.; of HENRY TURNER & Co., 77, Fleet-street, London, E.C. (and 41, Piccadilly, Manchester); or of GEORGE CLAYTON, Homceopathic Chemist, 315, Regent-street, London, W.] TO MAJOR-GENERAL CARMICHAEL) C.B.7 (Df 3ýpnbfotrv 35ause, 33romptein, 56M MY DEAR GENERAL, I dedicate this little work to you, not because it is worth your acceptance, but as a slight mark of my sincere ftindshi~p for you and for youirfamily. I am, 21ly dear General, Your faithful Friend, NE VILL2E WOOD. 1,0, Onslow Square, S. W..July 1,11858.. FOURTH EDITION, price 3d. (Post free for four stamps), WHAT IS HOM(EOPATHY? DELIVERED AT CHELSEA, BY NEVILLE WOOD, M.D. " The above pamphlet affords an argument to the friends, and an answer to the opponents of Homoeopathy. It has convinced many persons of the truth of the system."-Preface to the Fourth Edition. "1 This Lecture, delivered to a crowded audience, is a calm and lucid exposition of the two systems of medicine-the Allopathic and the Homceopathic. We need not say that, in the hands of so able a master as Dr. Wood, the subject has received full justice."-Monthly Homceopathic Review. " The pamphlet contains a statement that will be useful... It is pleasant to find that Dr. Neville Wood's pamphlet has attained to a third edition."-Notes of a New Truth. " If the Institute secure such lecturers as Dr. Wood, they need have no fear of the success of their efforts."- West Micdlesex Advertiser. London: WM. HEADLAND, 15, Princes-street, Hanoversquare, W.; HENRY TURNER & Co., 77, Fleet-street, E.C.; 41, Piccadilly, and 15, Market-street, Manchester. ( TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE, STRICTLY speaking, the treatment of all disorders should be confided to medical men. As an abstract position, this is self-evident. But a large portion of the public are, by various circumstances, induced to treat themselves and their families in slight cases; while a few non-medical persons, more self-confident or more reckless than the majority, trust in all instances to their own judgment. With allopathic medicines, this custom is often productive of serious results, both positive and negative. In homceopathic practice,,the danger generally arises from a negative source, namely, from ignorance of the specific remedies. The question is not, however, whether the experience of a physician or the non-experience of an amateur is preferable. The important point is, whether homceopathy in the hands of the public, and under the guidance of some recog vi PREFACE. nised domestic treatise, is not better than allopathy in the hands of the same public, or even in those of the profession. Both alternatives involve evils: but, of the two evils, assuredly amateur homoeopathic practice is the lesser. In violent or obstinate cases, a homoeopathic physician ought to be immediately summoned. If this, however, be impracticable, it may be affirmed that in all disorders, slight or severe, a good homceopathic manual should be consulted, in preference to administering the violent and often fatal remedies used in ordinary practice. In the present edition of Dr. Hartlaub's excellent work many chapters have, accordingly, been added, with the view of rendering the treatise still more serviceable to the public. Supposing the advice of a physician to be unattainable, the reader will thus be enabled to dispense with bleeding, leeches, blisters, setons, purgatives, narcotics, and all other dangerous remedies, which, though they might be tolerated in the dark ages, may well be discarded in the present state of medical science. Many eminent physicians of the old school confess that to such treatment not a few lives have fallen a sacrifice. Amateur practice and domestic treatises are, PREFACE. vii moreover, among the most powerful engines for the spread, and ultimately for the advancement, of homoeopathy, the universal diffusion of which will be effected mainly by appeals to the public. The public, in turn, will partly induce, partly compel, the medical profession to examine, and to be guided by, the law of nature in the treatment of disease. By applying the simple directions given in a domestic manual, medical men have, in several instances, been convinced of the TRUTH of homceopathy, and have thus been led subsequently to master the details of the practice with the aid of more scientific works. It may be hoped that none who acknowledge the modern practice, its safety, its great and manifold advantages, and its evident superiority over the ancient method, will henceforth suffer their tender offspring to undergo the pernicious treatment pursued by the allopathic school. It is better to trust to nature alone than to resort to means by which the health of so many children has been ruined, the lives of so many embittered, endangered, or sacrificed. It may be laid down as a general rule, that persons are less easily affected by specific remedies, and the cure of viii PREFACE. every malady is rendered more difficult, in proportion to the duration and violence of the previous allopathic treatment. Yet so decided is the sensitiveness at an early age, that it is rare to meet with any case, acute or chronic, occurring under the fourteenth year, which cannot be either cured or materially alleviated by homceopathic remedies. The treatment recommended in this work is intended for young persons from birth until puberty. The new matter added, by the translator, to the present edition, is indicated by being included in brackets []. The first and second Parts of the volume have been translated directly from the German. The third Part has been rendered from M. Sarrazin's French edition, which professes to have been translated from the fourth German impression. I have been unable to meet with so late an edition in London, and preferred, therefore, being guided by M. Sarrazin's text in the latter portion of the treatise. It may interest some of my readers to learn, that the homceopathic law, similia similibus curan. tur (like cures like), was discovered in 1790. Dr. SAMUEL HAHNEMANN, the founder of the reformed system of medicine, was born April 10, PREFACE. ix 1755, at Meissen, in Saxony; and died July 2, 1843, in his eighty-ninth year, at Paris, where he was engaged in extensive practice till within a few weeks of his decease. During the sixty-eight years which have elapsed since the discovery was first promulgated, homoeopathy has been gradually and steadily spreading over the face of the globe. The bigotry or malice of its opponents has never been able to stem the progress of this noble truth. In America and on the European continent, homceopathy is practised almost as extensively as allopathy. During a tour, some years since, in nearly every part of North and South Germany, I frequently met and conversed with disciples of the new school; while, among allopathic practitioners, I rarely encountered the unenquiring hostility to the doctrines of Hahnemann too frequent with the profession in England. The reform is, however, advancing rapidly in Great Britain. There are already homoeopathic practitioners in most of the principal towns in England. As the public is daily becoming better acquainted with the practical advantages of the improved system of medicine, it is probable that, X PREFACE. before the lapse of many years, every town in the kingdom will boast the possession of one or more homceopathic physicians. N. W.: 10, Onslow Square, Brompton, London (S.W.), July 1, 1858. I, E FA. C E TO THE SECOND ENGLISH EDITION. IN the present edition of this work, an attempt has been made to render the practical instructions for treating disease at once plainer and more complete. And several new cases have been added. September, 1861. BROMPTON HOM(EOPATi l DISPENSARY, 11, CRANLEY TERRACE, FULHAM ROAD, S.W. Instituted 1855. Attendance every Morning, from nine till half-past ten o'clock. For One Guinea, paid annually, in advance, a Subscriber or Patient receives twelve tickets of admission, each ticket # entitling to one month's attendance at the Dispensary. For further particulars, apply to the Dispenser, Mr. C. T. EMNEY, either by letter, or personally during Dispensary hours, as above. 11, CnANLEY TERRACE, Sept. 1st, 1861. CONTENTS. PAGE REMEDIES SUITED FOR VARIOUS TEMPERAMENTS AND SEASONS...... XX LIST OF MEDICINES PRESCRIBED IN THIS WORK............ X ii PART I. MANAGEMENT OF INFANTS. PRELIMiNARY REMARKS......... 1 CHAP. I. - TREATMENT SHORTLY AFTER BIRTH. (a) EXPULSION OF THE MECONIUM... 4 (b) SLEEP......... 6 (c) WASHING AND DRESSING..... 9 (d) LIGHT......... 15 (e) SOUND............ 16 (f) TEMPERATURE......... 17 (g) VENTILATION......... 18 (h) EXERCISE......... 20 (i) VACCINATION......... 23 CHAP. II.-ACCIDENTS OCCURRING AT BIRTH. (a) STILL-BORN CHILDREN...... 26 CONTENTS. xiii PAGE (b) SWELLING OF THE HEAD... 31 (c) SWELLING OF THE BREASTS....... 33 CHAP. II1.-THE FOOD OF INFANTS. (a) SUCKLING............ 35 (b) AVERSION TO THE MOTHER'S MILK 41 (C) CHOICE OF A NURSE...... 43 (d) DIET AND TREATMENT OF THE NURSE 45 (e) THE MILK OF ANIMALS...... 47 (f) WEANING......... 49 (g) ADDITIONAL FOOD......... 50 PART II. MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. CHAP. I.-CHOICE AND MANAGEMENT OF ATTENDANTS...... 55 CHAP. II.-CLEANLINESS AND VENTILATION......... 58 CHAP. III.-CLOTHING......... 61 CHAP. IV.-EXERCISE...... 66 CHAP. V.-DIET......... 70 CHAP. VI.-EDUCATION...... 75 PART Ill. TREATMENT OF THE DISORDERS OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN. GENERAL REMARKS AND INSTRUCTIONS... 78 Xiv CONTENTS. PAG8 1. Abscess......... 85 2. Anger and Vexation.... 87 3. Asiatic Cholera.... '. 88 4. Baldness........ 92 5. Bleeding of the Nose...... 92 6. Blue Disease...... 93 7. Boil.......... 94 8. Bruises....... 95 9. Burns and Scalds...... 97 10. Burnt-holes....... 99 11. Chicken-pox........ 101 12. Chilblains........ 103 13. Cold in the Head...... 104 14. Colic........ 108 15. Congestion in the Chest...... 111 16. Congestion in the Head.... 113 17. Convulsions,....... 115 18. Costiveness...... 118 19. Cough........ 122 20. Croup......... 125 21. Deafness........ 128 22. Diarrhcea........ 130 23. Diphtheria........ 134 24. Drowsiness...... 137 25. Dysentery........ 139 26. English Cholera...... 142 S27. Epilepsy......... 144 28. Erysipelas...... 147 29. Excoriation........ 150 30. Falling of the Intestine.... 151 CONTENTS. XV 31. Fever.. 32. Flatulency 33. Fright.. 34. Gum-boil.... 35. Hare-lip.. 36. Headach.... 37. Heartbura.. 38. Heat-spots.. 39. Hiccup.. 40. Hoarseness.. 41. HIooping-cough '42. Hydrophobia.. 43. Incontinence of Urine 44. Indigestion.. PAGE.. 153 154...... 155 157.. 158 159...... 162 163... 165 S.... 0 166... 169 S.... 0 172.. 175 177 45. Infantile Remittent Fever.... 46. Inflammation of the Bowels.. 47. Inflammation of the Brain (Brain Fever).. 48. Inflammation of the Bronchial Tubes (Bronchitis)........ 49. Inflammation of the Ears, and Earach 50. Inflammation of the Eyes and Eyelids 51. Inflammation of the Larynx.. 52. Inflammation of the Lungs (Pneumonia).. 53. Inflammation of the Mouth.... S54. Inflammation of the Pleura (Pleurisy) 55. Inflammation of the Stomach.. 56. Inflammation of the Throat.... 57. Influenza........ 58.. Itch.......... 59. Jaundice....... 180 184 186 189 192 195 198 201 204 207 210 213 217 219 220 Xvi CONTENTS. 60. Land Scurvy.. - 61. Lockjaw.. 62. Measles.. 63. Milky Urine 64. Milk-scab 65. Moles and Freckles 66. Mumps.. 67. Nettlerash 68. Nightmare 69. Pain in the Stomach 70. Palpitation of the Heart 71. Piles 72. Poisoning.. 73. Putrid Sore-throat.. 74. Red-gum 75. Rheumatism 76. Rickets 77. Ringworm 78. Rose-rash 79. Rupture 80. St. Vitus's Dance 81. Scaldhead.. 82. Scarlet-fever 83. Screaming 84. Scrofula 85. Short Tongue-string 86. Sleeplessness.. 87. Small-pox.. 88. Spasmodic Asthma 89. Sprains.. PAGE. 223... 225. 227 231... 231..... 232 234.... 237.. 238.... 240 S241.. 242 244.... 246. 248..... 251... 251 253.... 259 263.... 265. 266 S.... 270 272.. 274 278.... 279.281.... 282 ~. 283.. 288... 90 CONTENTS.,xvii 90. Stammering 91. Stings and Bites of Insects.. 92. Stye.. 93. Suppression of Urine S94. Swelling of the Face.. 95. Swelling of the Glands 96. Swelling of the Lips and Nose 97. Teething.. 98. Thrush 99. Toothach.. 100. Typhus-fever.. 101. Vomiting.. 102. Warts 103. Wasting..., 104. Water in the Head 105. Whitlow.. "106. Worms 107. Wounds PAGE. 291 292. 293. 294. 295 297.. 299 300. 304 307. 311 317. 320 321. 325 328. 329 333 PART IV. CASES AND OBSERVATIONS. GENERAL REMARKS... Case 1. Abscess,, 2. Asiatic Cholera,, 3. Bleeding of the Nose,, 4. Convulsions.. 336 337.. 339 341.. 342 b xviii CONTENTS. PAGE Case 5. Croup........ 343,, 6. Deafness........ 345,, 7. Diarrhoea...... 346,, 8. Diphtheria........ 348,, 9. Dropsy...... 349,, 10. Dysentery........ 350,, 11. Epilepsy...... 351,, 12. Erysipelas........ 352,, 13. Hooping-cough...... 353,, 14. Inflammation of the Brain.... 354,, 15. Inflammation of the Bronchial Tubes 356,, 16. Inflammation of the Eyes.... 357,, 17. Inflammation of the Lungs. 359,, 18. Inflammation of the Pleura.... 360,, 19. Itch.., 20. Measles,, 21. Malignant Measles,, 22. Putrid Sore-throat..,, 23. Rheumatism,, 24. Rickets,, 25. Ringworm, 26. St. Vitus's Dance,, 27. Scaldhead,, 28. Scarlet-fever,, 29. Scrofula,, 30. Small-pox..,, 31. Spasmodic Asthma,, 32. Stammering,, 33. Swelling of the Face,, 34. Swelling of the Glands 362.. 363 364.. 366 367.. 368 370.. 371 372.. 373 374.. 376.377.... 378 379.. 380 CONTENTS. xix Case 35. Threadworms..:, 36. Thrush, 37. Vomiting,, 38. Warts, 39. Wasting,, 40. Water in the Head..!GLOssARY OF MEDICAL TERMS 'INDEX. PAGE... 381.. 383. 383. 385... 386.... 387 388.... 399 xx REMEDIES FOR REMEDIES ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VARIOUS TEMPERAMENTS AND SEASONS. BiLious TEMPERAMENT.-AciCWXL nitricum, Aconiturn, Arnica, Arsenicurn, Bryonia, Chamonijila, China, Graphites, Lachesis, Mercurius, Nux vornica, Phosphorus, Pulsatilla, Sepia,'Silicea, Stannum, Sulphur, Veratrum. LYMPHIATIC TEMPERAMENT.-Ari'Dca, Arsenicumn, Belladonna, Calcarea, Carbo, vegetabilis, China, Digitalis, Dulcamara, Helleborus, Hyoscyamus, Lycopodium, Mercurius, Phosphorus, Pulsatilla, Sepia, Silicea, Sulphur. NERYOU5 TEMPERAMENT.-Aconitiim, Arsenicum, Bryonia, Chamomilla, Coffea, Cuprum, metallicumn, Ignatia, Lachesis, Nux vomica, Sepia. SANGUINE TEMPERAMENT.-AconitUm, Arnica, Belladonna, Bryonia,. Calcarea, Chamomilla, Coffea, Hepar, Nux vomica, Opium. HOT WEATHER.-Aconitum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Camphor, Carho vegetabilis, Nux vomica, Opium, Sihicea. COLD WEATHER.-AconituID, Arsenicum, BryoiCalcarea, Carbo -vegretabilis, Chamomilla, VARIOUS TEMPERAMENTS. x xxi Dulcamara, Ipecacuanha, Merourius, Pulsatilla, Rhus, Silioea, Sulphur, Veratrum. C HANGE FROM HOT TO COLD WEATHER.Dulcamara. CHANGE FROM COLD To HOT WEATHER.Garbo vegetabilis. A DRY CHILL.-Aconitum, Belladonna, Bryonia, Chamoinilla, Ipecacuanha, Nux vomica, Sulphur. A DAMP CHILL.-Calcarea, Dulcamara, Palsatilla, Rhus, Veratrum, Sulphur. A CHILL IN SPRING.-Carbo vegetabihis, Rh us, Veratrum.,A CHILL.IN SUMMER.-Belladonna, Bryonia, Veratrum. A CHILL 1N AUTUMN. -Merourius, Rhus, Veratrum..A CHILL IN WINTER.-Aoonitum,' Belladonna, Bryonia, Chamomilla, D ulcamara, Ipecacuanha,,Nux vomica, Sulphur, Veratrum. XX11 LIST OF MEDICINES. LIST OF THE MEDICINES PRESCRIBED IN THIS WORK. 1. Acidum nitricum, 12th attenuation (or strength). 2. Acidum phosphoricum, 12th atten. 3. Acidum sulphuricum, 12th atten. 4. Aconitum napellus, 12th atten. 5. Arnica montana, mother tincture, and 12th atten. 6. Arsenicum album, 12th atten. 7. Belladonna, 12th atten. 8. Borax veneta, 12th atten. 9. Bryonia alba, 12th atten. 10. Caleridula officinalis, 12th atten. 11. Camphora, mother tincture, and 12th atten. 12. Carbo vegetabilis, 12th atten. 13. Causticum, 12th atten. 14. Chamomilla vulgaris, 12th atten. 15. China officinalis, 12th atten. 16. Cicuta virosa, 12th atten. 17. Cina, 12th atten. 18. Coffea cruda, 12th atten. 19. Cuprum aceticum, 12th atten. 20. Cuprum metallicum, 12th atten. LIST OF MEDICINES. XXIii 21. Digitalis purpurea, 12th atten. 922. Drosera rotundifolia, 12th atten. 23. Dulcamara, 12th atten. 24. Graphites, 12th atten. 25. Helleborus niger, 12th atten. 26. Hepar sulphuris, 12th atten. 27. Hyoscyamus niger, 12th atten. 28. Ignatia amara, 12th atten. 29. Iodium, 12th atten. 30. Ipecacuanha, 12th atten. 31. Lachesis, 12th atten. 32. Lycopodium, 12th atten. 33. Mercurius corrosivus, 12th atten. 34. Mercurius solubilis, 12th atten. 35. Nux vomica, 12th atten. 36. Opium, 12th atten. 37. Phosphorus, 12th atten. 38. Pulsatilla, 12th atten. 39. Rhus toxicodendron, mother tincture, and 12th atten. 40. Sambucus nigra, 12th atten. 41. Sepia, 12th atten. 42. Silicea, 12th atten. 43. Spongia, 12th atten. 44. Stannum, 12th atten. 45. Stramonium, 12th atten. xxiv LIST OF MEDICINES. 46. Sulphur, 12th atten. 47. Tartarus emeticus, crude, and 12th atten. 48. Uva ursi, 12th atten. 49. Valeriana officinalis, 12th atten. 50. Veratrum album, 12th atten. [The medicines should be kept in a dry, cool, and dark place, free from odors. A remedy that is being taken in solution, and in divided doses, ought not to be left in the patient's room. In hot weather, a few drops of rectified spirit-of-wine or brandy may be added to the solution (in the proportion of six drops of spirit to a wineglassful of water), to prevent decomposition. The attenuation (or strength) of a medicine is of less importance than the selection of the remedy. Persons who already possess cases of medicines may, therefore, use the attenuations nearest to those prescribed in this volume. Covered porcelain medicine-cups, with the spoonfuls marked inside, and bone, ivory, or porcelain spoons, as well as any or all of the above-mentioned medicines, may be procured from the publishers of this work.] THE CHILD'S HOM(EOPATIIIC PHYSICIAN. PART I. MANAGEMENT OF INFANTS. PRELIMINARY REMARKS. THE foundation of a truly healthy condition of mind and body, and of a long life, must be laid in early youth, nay, on the very day of birth. Man enters the world in a far more helpless state than most of the lower animals, and requires during a much longer period the assistance of others, because his frame arrives more slowly at maturity than those- of brutes, and because his reason is more tardily developed than their instinct. He therefore needs the watchful care of his parents until, his bodily and mental powers having acquired their full vigor, he is fitted to govern himself. This care of the B 2 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. yet helpless human being constitutes his EDUCATION, in the most extended sense of the term. The period at which education ceases cannot be determined by any general rule. It is sometimes considered to close at the approach of puberty: but this terminates, in fact, only the first section of education, marking the commencement of a second, and not less important, era. The duration of education also depends upon individual disposition, upon the rank or destined occupation of the child, and upon various other circumstances. To be complete, education should not be limited to the first fourteen or fifteen years of life, but should be continued as long as the youth remains under the guardianship of his parents, and until he is prepared to go forth into the world. We shall commence our investigation at the moment of birth. With some obvious exceptions, it is necessary to place the delicate frame of the new-born infant in circumstances differing as little as possible from those which have previously surrounded it. With this view let us, in the ensuing chapter, explain the needful precautions, of which the following is a summary: PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 3 [All irritating medicines, aperient or otherwise, are inadmissible;-refreshing sleep can never be ensured by violent rocking, or by the use of soporific drugs;-] the infant should be so clothed as to possess the free use of its limbs; -exposure to bright light is injurious to the eyes --loud noises are equally hurtful to the ears;-the surrounding temperature should be moderate and uniform;-[a constant supply of fresh and pure air should be maintained by free ventilation;-and ample means of exercise, proportioned to the age and strength of the infant, should be allowed.]* [* The matter included within brackets [J is added by the translator.] B2 4 EXPULSION OF THE MECONIUM. CHAP. I. TREATMENT SHORTLY AFTER BIRTH. (a) EXPULSION OF THE MECONIUM. THE treatment of the newly-born infant generally commences with a long series of abuses, "which exercise a most injurious influence upon its present and future welfare. The first care of the nurse is to give the child (even before it has received any nourishment) a dose of syrup of rhubarb or manna, with the view of expelling from the bowels a substance (the meconium) supposed to be hurtful. This is a mistake. The infant, as yet little habituated to its new sphere, cannot fail to be injured by these irritant medicines. Interference on our part is uncalled for; -unassisted nature may be trusted to remove, in due time, with ease and safety, the excrement, which we injudiciously seek to expel by precipitate and violent measures. By non-interference, we obey rational hygienic laws. Except in the comparatively rare cases which present any un EXPULSION OF THE MECONIUM. 5 usual condition or unhealthy symptoms, no medicine, laxative syrup, injection, or fomentation will be required. [The infant should be applied to the mother's breast eight or ten hours after birth. The first milk (called colostrum) seldom fails to evacuate the dark brown meconium. Hence it is by some authors considered to possess a specific aperient property. More probably, however, it works, like other nutriment, as a mechanical stimulus. Should the bowels not act within twelve or fourteen hours, a teaspoonful of perfectly sweet olive oil, mixed with an equal quantity of thin warm gruel, may be given. If, after four hours, this fails to produce any effect, recourse may be had to an injection, consisting of three teaspoonfuls of olive oil mixed with six tablespoonfuls of thin, tepid gruel. The total amount of fluid injected at one time should never exceed four ounces (eight tablespoonfuls), and it ought rather to be too cool than too warm. The proper temperature is about 700 Fahr. For the treatment of obstinate confinement of the bowels, the reader is referred to the article f COSTIVENESS." It is satisfactory to be able to add, that the 6 SLEEP. best allopathic physicians agree with 'their homceopathic brethren in condemning the administration of purgatives to newly-born healthy infants.] (b) SLEEP. All movements and actions to which the child is subjected, should be conducted with care and gentleness. This rule is very commonly infringed, by what is termed "rocking," and by throwing the infant violently upwards with the arms, in order to still its cries, or to induce sleep. Such rough measures, far from attaining either of the desired objects, only produce a state of stupor highly injurious, interrupted by starts and screams, and differing widely in character and effects from natural slumber. During the first few weeks of their existence, infants are disposed by nature for much sleep, and, consequently, require no artificial soporific means whatever. If, therefore, sleeplessness and screaming do not arise from want of food or from some external circumstance, it may be assumed that 8 SLEEP. nursing the child to sleep. The sleep should be sound and tranquil. If the usual hours of repose be curtailed, restlessness and irritability ensue. Light, noise, and other sources of disturbance prevent the sleep from being calm and refreshing, and thus deprive it to a considerable extent of its intended purpose. The night's rest should continue from seven o'clock in the evening until the following morning. When the period of rest commences before the evening is far advanced, the infant is fully refreshed by an early hour next morning; thus acquiring the habit, seldom lost in after life, of early rising. Upon this plan, the child will be ready for the day-sleep at noon, which should not be taken at a later hour, lest it interfere with the repose at night. For about six weeks after birth, the infant may sleep with its mother or nurse, in order to maintain the temperature necessary for its healthy existence. Due care should, however, be taken to prevent the child from slipping down under the bed-clothes. If the period of separation be too much prolonged, the child (having acquired an increased power of generating heat) runs the risk of becoming weak and puny, by sleeping with an adult, and the anxiety of the mother for WASHING AND DRESSING. 9 * her offspring is needlessly protracted, to the injury of her milk. SA cradle, as being more portable, and at least as airy and clean, is preferable to a large bedstead. The bed-clothes should be light and warm, but not more than sufficient to maintain the natural temperature of the body. Mattresses are preferable to feather beds, both for children and adults. Curtains and hangings of all kinds around the cradle or bed are injurious, since they hinder the circulation of the air. Draughts may be warded off by the use of a screen. The child should be placed upon its side in the cradle, care being taken to lay it alternately on each side. An omission of this precaution may induce spinal distortion, and other serious evils.] (c) WASHING AND DRESSING. [After having removed from the mouth any mucus likely to obstruct the breathing, the nurse will proceed to wash the infant, with a fine sponge and warm water. This operation 10 WASHING AND DRESSING. should be conducted gently and carefully, and as rapidly as may be consistent with efficiency)if in winter, near a moderate fire. The principal points to be attended to are, a minute and thorough cleansing of the entire surface, the avoidance of any circumstance likely to produce a chill, and care, on the part of the nurse, not to injure the tender frame of the infant by pressure. The use of soap, brandy, whiskey, and other powerful irritants, is positively forbidden. The eyes should be washed with a perfectly clean sponge and pure warm water, or inflammation of these organs may ensue. (See"' INFLAMMEATION OF THE EYES.") For the sake of greater efficiency, rapidity, and convenience, the child may., both at the first and at subsequent ablutions, be placed in a tub of warm water (heated to about 980 Fahr.), but should not remain therein more than a few seconds. The body should be rubbed quite dry with a soft and warm napkin. The breasts of most new-born infants secrete, more or less abundantly, a milky fluid, which many nurses consider it necessary to remove by pressure, until a hard substance (popularly known as the " kernel ") is expelled. No measure of this kind is admissible, and the barbarous pro WASHING AND DRESSING. 11 ceeding above mentioned is entirely founded on ignorance. In some cases, the manipulations have been so roughly or perseveringly executed, as to excite inflammation, followed by abscess. If undisturbed, the secretion will soon disappear spontaneously. A still more injurious popular notion is, that forcible compression of the head is required, in order to close the fontanels and sutures. These " moulds " and " seams " are generally, for the wisest purposes, more or less open at birth, and will in due time become effectually obliterated or closed (except in cases of disease, for which see " RICKETS," " SCROFULA," and "WATER IN THE HEAD ") without artificial assistance. The period of this closure differs according to individual constitution, health, food, and other circumstances. Generally speaking, the fontanels are not entirely obliterated until the end of the third year. All infants should be bathed night and morning. At the end of nine months, the temperature of the water may be gradually reduced. After the third year, the strength and growth of healthy children are materially promoted by the use of cold water for all ablutions.] 12 WASHING AND DRESSING. In dressing the infant, full scope should be allowed for the action of the muscles. The practice of swathing the body in tight bandages is highly pernicious. This error is often committed with the kind intention of preventing the child from injuring itself by excess of action; but, as the movements of the infant are never disproportioned to the strength of its limbs, injury cannot ensue. The hapless being is frequently stretched to its full length, packed tightly in swathing-clothes, and is thus left in bed for several hours at a time. This position is entirely contrary to that which obtained in the bosom of the mother, namely, the body somewhat bent, and the limbs folded over the trunk. Apart from this consideration, however, the above posture must be altogether unbearable to the child, because-as any adult may learn from his own experience-it is highly constrained, and because the body is most efficiently rested by slightly bending the limbs. Screaming is often occasioned solely by this forced position, a fact which is proved by the child generally becoming quiet as soon as the bandages are removed. The custom of applying an umbilical band, in order to prevent the occurrence of RUPTURE (see WASHING AND DRESSING. 13 this), is not without its use; but the binder should not be drawn very tight, and should be removed after the first few days. [Should bleeding of the umbilical cord ensue, a fresh ligature (which can scarcely be too tight) must be applied. If tight bandages to the limbs are injurious, any compression of the chest or abdomen, and of the important organs they contain, must prove still more detrimental. When the chest is compressed, the restraint is disagreeable and unnatural to the infant; and the lungs are prevented from expanding to the extent necessary for inhaling a due proportion of fresh air, a constant and free supply of which is essential to health. But this is not all: for as nature daily and hourly seeks to expand the breathing-apparatus, man perpetually opposes these efforts by stronger and firmer bands, so that the lungs are gradually allowed less and less scope in proportion to their requirements. Constant pressure, moreover, so enfeebles the muscles, that at length they really need the artificial support so officiously and injuriously given. The intended object of such ligatures, that of imparting strength and of preventing distortion, is never attained. On the 14- WASHING AND DRESSING. contrary, artificial constraint is the most fruitful source of arrested development, of. various forms. of curvature, of consumption and other- pulmonary diseases, and also of indigestion. From whatever motive and at whatever age it may be adopted, it is hurtful, and opposed to the obvious -nature of man's constitution. But it can never be so injurious as when it affects the frames of tender infants. It were useless atempting to point out any particular mode of dressing infants. Much will always depend upon custom., and upon the taste of the parents. Suffice it to say, that the cloth-' ing should be simple and light, that it should be sufficient to maintain a moderate and equal temperature, and that it should neither irritate the skin, nor place the slightest restriction upon the growth or free movements of the child. Thus while, on the one hand, the infant should not be burdened and rendered delicate by excess of clothes, so, on the other, we must beware of resorting too freely to the " hardening " process, which, in our damp and changeable climate, often leads to a premature grave, or lays the foundation of some chronic disorder. Nightcaps should be laid aside after the first few weeks, as LIGHT. 15 they tend to promote congestion of blood in the head, to which young persons are peculiarly liable. Linen is the best under-covering for children, being cleaner and less irritating than flannel. Pins are dangerous articles in the dress of infants. Strings, or thread, should be substituted.] (d) LIGHT. It is essential to avoid all circumstances calculated too powerfully to affect the senses. The eyes of new-born infants become very gradually accustomed to bright light. The sun-shine should, therefore, be moderated by the use of shutters or blinds. Especial care is necessary to prevent the direct light of the sun or of candles from falling upon the child's eyes, particularly on first waking from sleep. The infant should be so placed in bed that the eyes are turned away from the light. A lamp or candle-skreen is also indispensable in the nursery. [Disregard of the above precautions in early 16 SOUND. infancy is often followed by dangerous or troublesome INFLAMMATION OF THE EYES (see this). At the end of the first two or three weeks, light should, during the day, be freely admitted into the nursery, experience having shown that light is absolutely required for the healthy development, not only of plants and animals, but also of man. Children reared in crowded cities, and all who pass much of their time in dark cellars, factories, or mines, are witnesses to this fact, and form a melancholy contrast to the ruddy, healthy aspect of those who live mostly in the open air and in the country. It is not sufficient that children be well fed, clothed, and nursed, if light be withheld, or merely admitted through a loop-hole.] (e) SOUND. Equal care should be bestowed in protecting the organs of hearing. The attendants should be enjoined to shut the doors quietly, to walk gently across the room, to speak in a subdued tone, and, in short, to avoid all loud and sudden TEMPERATURE. 17 noises. For this reason, it is better-where selection is possible-for the accouchement to take place in a secluded room, far from streets and much-frequented spots. [Deafness has, in some instances, been traced to the effect of loud and sudden noises upon the ears of young infants.] (f) TEMPERATURE. The temperature of the surrounding atmosphere, and of the water in which the infant is washed, should be moderate: extremes of heat and cold being alike injurious. Hence the evil of employing thick and heavy bed-clothes, and of the common custom of maintaining a high temperature in the nursery. For the same reason, the water with which infants are bathed should, after the first two months, be tepid, never cold. The ablution being concluded, the child ought to be rapidly dried, that the water may not be allowed to grow cold upon the skin. [The general temperature of the nursery, during the prevalence of cold weather, should not be c 18 VENTILATION. much above or below 60~ Fahr. A hot and close atmosphere predisposes children to inflammation of the brain. Cold air produces coughs, catarrh, inflammation of the lungs and bronchial tubes, and bowel complaints.] [(g) VENTILATION.] [The nursery should be large, lofty, and free from draughts. In modern houses, all windows are, most properly, so constructed as to open both above and below. During the summer months, the windows should be constantly and freely open during the day, excepting in wet or damp weather. Even on wet days, and in midwinter, the windows may be thrown open, for a few minutes at a time, at least once in every four hours, so as to admit a frequent supply of fresh and pure air, without permanently diminishing the temperature of the room. This precaution prevents the feeling of lassitude and oppression that would otherwise ensue; and enables the system to support more easily the vicissitudes of our climate. It has also this advantage, that VENTILATION. 19 "when circumstances forbid the use of a day nursery distinct from the sleeping-room, the atmosphere is in a great degree prepared and purified for the night's rest. Cries and sleeplessness may often be cured simply by admitting a current of cool air into the room: care being taken not to allow a direct draught to fall upon the child. Provided a moderate temperature be maintained, and draughts and damp avoided, the child can, during the day, scarcely hold too free and constant communication with the outward air.ý If, immediately before bed-time, the sleeping-room be thoroughly ventilated, the atmosphere will, in a large chamber containing an open chimney, remain sufficiently sweet till morning. More than one person should not sleep in the same room with the infant. It cannot be too often repeated, or too strongly enforced, that pure air is indispensable to the preservation of health, and that it is one of the best restoratives in many forms of disease. Let the absurd prejudice be henceforth discarded for. ever that would guard the twice and thrice respired atmosphere of a close room as favorable to health, while it views in the light of a poison the free and pure air of heaven. S2 20 20 EXERCISE. During the day, the bedding and bed-clothes should be thoroughly aired; the mattress should be turned every night; and all linen ought to be frequently changed.] [(h) EXERCISE.] [In the earliest period of infancy, the delicate organization of the frame points to the necessity of the utmost gentleness of treatment. The slightest violence, or the frequent recurrence of a constrained position, might cause permanent injury, in the shape of some deformity of the trunk or limbs. The bones being imperfectly hardened, and the soft parts of the body correspondingly feeble, it is obvious that only evil could ensue from any kind of rough usage. Thus, during the first six months, the child should never be placed, unsupported, in a sitting posture, as the system is yet nnfitted to bear much weight or pressure. In lifting an infant, the arms should not be laid hold of, nor the chest compressed by the hand. Until the eighth month., the act of " hoisting " ought to be prac EXERCISE. 21 tised sparingly and cautiously. After that age, it may be more freely indulged in, as the exercise thus afforded is beneficial; but it should still be carefully and gently conducted. Under four months, sufficient exercise will be obtained by the child's being carried in the arms of a nurse, and by occasionally allowing it to lie upon a bed or rug, and throw about its limbs in the free and unconstrained manner dictated by nature. While on the nurse's arm, the head of the child should be so supported as to be upon a plane superior to its body; and, as a precaution against curvature, the infant should lie alternately on each arm of the attendant. Go-carts, and all other artificial supports and contrivances, are hurtful, as tending to induce the child to walk prematurely, and thus leading to deformity. The period at which children begin to walk differs greatly, according to individual constitution, health, and activity. It should on no account be hastened; nor ought the infant to be tempted to stand, until its powers are sufficiently matured to enable it, of its own accord, to make the trial. In mild, dry weather, very young infants may be carried out for a few minutes at a time; the 22 EXERCISE. duration of the excursion being afterwards increased. As already stated, the communication with the fresh, pure, outward air can, after the first few weeks, scarcely be too free and constant during the day. In winter, the child should not, on first entering the house from the external air, be taken into a warm room, or near the fire. Children being peculiarly sensible to changes 6f temperature, chilblains, colds, or inflammation may result from carelessness in this respect. Due warmth can only be with safety maintained by exercise, appropriate clothing, and moderate friction. When the extremities are cold, they should be gently rubbed with the hand. There are few days so wet or cold, that advantage may not be taken of some transient gleam of sunshine during which the child may for a few minutes breathe a pure and invigorating atmosphere. The importance of regular daily exercise cannot be over-estimated. An open carriage affords an amusing and. healthful exercise for children of all ages: but long railway journies should be avoided, as nourishing that disposition to congestion to which children are peculiarly liable.] VACCINATION. 23 [(i) VACCINATION.] [Supposing the child to be healthy, this operation should, if possible, be performed at the end of the third month, or sooner if small-pox is epidemic in the neighbourhood. As a general rule, however, vaccination is attended with least risk in moderately warm weather. Every precaution should be taken to secure lymph from a perfectly healthy child. A strong infant, vaccinated in mild weather, and protected from draughts of cold air, seldom suffers from this simple operation. Under less favorable circumstances, a considerable degree of fever, or undue local irritation, may arise. In the former case, a dose of Aconitun napellus (two globules, dry, at bed-time), followed next night by Belladonna (two globules, dry), may be required; in the latter, two or three doses of S&/phur, one globule, dry, night and morning. That the ordinary symptoms following successful vaccination may not excite alarm, a sho-t description of the several stages may be useful. On the third or fourth day after the operation, a 24 VACCINATION. small hard red pimple, raised above the skin, appears upon the spot touched by the lancet. The pimple gradually enlarges till the fifth or sixth day, when it presents the appearance of a round vesicle, depressed in the middle. On the eighth day, a red ring surrounds the vesicle. The size of the vesicle and of the inflamed ring increases till the tenth or eleventh day, after which the vesicle becomes smaller, and the hue of the ring grows paler. A hard crust, indented in the centre, now occupies the place of the vesicle. About the twentieth day, the crust drops off, leaving a permanent whitish mark. The above periods are somewhat shortened or prolonged in a few cases; but, generally, the whole process occurs with surprising regularity. A slight degree of feverishness may be looked for during the first three weeks after the operation, but it requires no remedial treatment. Time and experience have amply proved, that few children, who have once been properly vaccinated, are liable to small-pox in after life; that in the exceptional cases the disease mostly runs a mild course, and rarely proves fatal; and that re-vaccination (which may be advantageously practised at fifteen or twenty years of age) forms VACCINATION. 0 an additional and almost certain safeguard against that terrible malady. In fact, parents do not now, as formerly, require to be advised to have their children vaccinated: but simply to be instructed as to the proper period of performing the operation. In vaccination we have a brilliant example of the homoeopathic principle. The vaccine lymph, by causing a disorder the symptoms of which are similar to those of small-pox, renders the frame incapable of being afterwards attacked by this disease. The same principle has, by Hahnemann, been extended to the prevention of other maladies (as scarlet-fever and Asiatic cholera), and to the treatment of all disorders.1 26 26 STILL-BORN CHILDREN. CHAP. H. [ACCIDENTS OCCURRING AT BIRTH.] [(a) STILL-BORN CHILDREN.] [SviaPToMs.-EI an infant be really still-born, that- is, if it be dead, we become aware of the fact by the entire absence of pulsation of the heart and umbilical cord, and by observing that the child makes no attempt to cry, to breathe, or to move. In some instances, the evidence is completed by the existence of putrefaction, more or less advanced, and of excessive malformations. If all the above conditions co-exist, it is obvious that any attempt at restoration will be useless. But a child may be only apparently, not absolutely, still-born. Resuscitation has taken place in cases presenting., at first sight, so littie bope, that, except when the evidences of death are positive, the most persevering efforts should be made to restore the -vital energies. The asphyxia STILL-BORN CHILDREN. 27 may be either sthenic or asthenic. In the former variety the child is generally robust, with a powerful circulation;-in the latter, the infant is more commonly feeble, with pale cheeks, and languid circulation. In each case the same constitutional treatment is applicable. CAUSES.-Weakness of constitution; twisting of the navel-string round the neck; various injuries inflicted during the course of a difficult or protracted labor, or by the use of instruments; tying the cord before respiration is fully established; copious accumulation of mucus in the throat. Dr. J6rg believes that a very quick and easy parturition may likewise produce asphyxia, the obstruction to the fetal circulation caused by compression of the cord being absent in such cases.. GENERAL TREATMENT. -Do not divide the cord until it has ceased to pulsate, unless respiration be fully established. Remove from the mouth and throat any foreign matter that may have lodged therein. Place the. child (the head excepted) for a few seconds in a bath heated to a temperature of about 980 Fahr., at the same time throwing cold water upon the head. Continued immersion would only still further enfeeble the 28 STILL-BORN CHILDREN. infant, the whole advantage being derived from the sudden and momentary application of the stimulus. The surface should now be diligently rubbed with soft, warm, dry flannel. If these measures fail, or prove but partially successful, tickle the nostrils and throat with a feather, rub the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, gently slap the back and chest, and hold hartshorn under the nose. Then endeavour to promote respiration by introducing warm air into the lungs. The attendant may effect this object by blowing into the mouth of the child, a piece of muslin being placed over the lips. The head of the child should be held backwards, the nostrils being at the same time closed by pressure with the finger and thumb, while the operator rests one hand firmly upon the infant's abdomen, so as to prevent the air from passing into the stomach. The chest and abdomen should be alternately pressed, in imitation of the natural process of respiration, until a deep sigh attests the success of the operation. Lastly, wrap the infant in warm flannel, and place it in bed close to its mother. Of the above means of restoration, the warm bath and artificial respiration are the most important. STILL-BORN CHILDREN. 29 The cold bath, and inflation with the aid of various artificial contrivances, have also been recommended: but they have in many instances caused bronchitis, and other dangerous affections of the respiratory apparatus. The only serious objection to inflation by the mouth of an attendant (cleanliness being ensured by the intervening muslin) is that the air thus introduced is impure. Experience, however, proves that this disadvantage is more than compensated by the fact of the air being warm. The attempts at resuscitation should be continued as long as any signs of life can be traced, such as faint pulsations of the heart, efforts to breathe, or movements of any part. Perseverance in one or more of the means recommended may be required, according to the gravity of the case, during a period varying from a few minutes to three or four hours. Infants born asphyxiated are generally more or less feeble and unhealthy, and great care is required in their subsequent management. The same kind of treatment is, however, applicable to such children as we have already advised for the strong and healthy. Thus, they should receive only simple and nourishing food, should be suffi 30 STILL-BORN CHILDREN. ciently but not unduly clothed, sedulously guarded from all sources of inflammation (such as extremes of temperature), should be ensured a constant and abundant supply of fresh pure air, and exercise should not be carried to the extent of causing fatigue. MEDICINAL TREATMENT.-During the general treatment, the aid of medicine must not be forgotten. In the stage of insensibility, the proper remedies are Tartarus emneticus and Opium; on the appearance of signs of vitality, Aconitum and China, according to the symptoms. The first remedy to be given in all cases is Tartarus emeticus. Dissolve a grain of the common tartar-emetic of the shops in a wine-glassful of cold water, and give three drops of the solution to the infant two or three times, at intervals of ten minutes. If the above preparation be not at hand, six globules of Tartarus emeticus may be dissolved in a wine-glassful of cold water, and four drops given every ten minutes, as above. Should no effect be produced by the third dose, proceed to Opium. Four globules to be dissolved in a wine-glassful of cold water, and six drops to be given every quarter of an hour. This remedy is SWELLING OF THE HEAD. 31 especially indicated when the face is purple and puffed. Aconitum is required when the face is hot and red, and there is excessive activity of the circulation: two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and ten drops of the solution to be given every ten minutes. China (three globules to be dissolved in a wine-glassful of cold water, and six drops to be given every half hour) is useful when the face is pale, and the infant thin and delicate. If requisite, the medicine may be continued every night for the first week.] [(b) SWELLING OF THE HEAD.] [In most cases, a trifling swelling of the head is noticed at birth. In general, this requires no attention, and the deformity soon disappears; but after very severe labors, the tumors on the head and face are so large and angry-looldng, as to demand immediate assistance. It is never necessary, to open the tumor: but, should it burst spontaneously, a bread-and-water poultice may be applied. One or more of the following 32 SWELLING OF THE HEAD. remedies seldom fail to reduce the swelling with surprising rapidity. MEDICINAL TREATMENT.--Arnica. Two globules to be dissolved in a wine-glassful of cold water, and six drops to be -given night and morning, for two or three days. The affected part may also be bathed twice a day with a lotion formed by adding ten drops of Tincture of Arnica to a wine-glassful of cold water. Rhus toxicodendron. If the swellings do not yield to Arnica at the end of twenty-four hours, administer Rhus and Tincture of Rhus, as above. Hepar sulphuris (two globules to be taken dry) is required when there is a tendency to the formation of matter; the dose to be repeated, if necessary, every four hours. Silicea (two globules, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights) is useful when the tumor has burst, and especially if there are unhealthy ulcers. The remedy may be continued till the injury has nearly disappeared. A bread-and-water poultice should at the same time be applied, and may be repeated as long as there is much discharge. Lachesis (four globules dry, night and morning) may be given if gangrene ensues. The injury, however, seldom proceeds to this extent.] SWELLING OF THE BREASTS. 33 [(c) SWELLING OF THE BREASTS.] [CAUSEs.-This accident is generally produced, or greatly increased, by the practice, already noticed (p. 10), of squeezing the infant's nipples, with the view of discharging the milky fluid secreted by the breasts shortly after birth. Most nurses, however, attribute the swelling to want of firmness and perseverance in pressing out the supposed noxious matter. All such attempts are needless and injurious; and the fluid, if undisturbed, will soon cease to flow. One or more of the following remedies may be required, according to the symptoms. MEDICINAL TREATMENT.-Arnica.(three globules, dry, night and morning) is useful for mere swelling, unattended with other evils. Add ten drops of Tincture of Arniqa to a wineglassful of cold water, and use this mixture as a lotion. One or two bathings usually suffice. Belladonna (three globules, dry) is suitable when the swelling is very red and angry. Chamomilla (two globules, dry, twelve hours after Belladonna) may be given if the infant screams without apparent cause. D 34 SWELLING OF THE BREASTS. Hepar sulphuris (four globules, dry) is an excellent remedy when it appears probable that an abscess will be formed. Silicea (two globules, dry) is suitable after the abscess has burst. A bread poultice may at the same time be applied. Repeat the Silicea every third night, at bed-time, until the part is nearly well.] THE FOOD OF INFANTS. CHAP. III. THE FOOD OF INFANTS. (a) SUCKLING. THE food of infants is a matter of -vital importance. Nature points out our obligations in this respect with perfect clearness: but we have gradually acted more and more in opposition to her dictates; and infants have, in consequence, become more and more the victims of criminal neglect.* It is decreed by nature that, for a considerable time after birth, the -child shall be nourished exclusively by an aliment secreted by the bosom of the mother: and this decree should, in all possible cases, be strictly obeyed. What duty can be more sacred to a humane mother, than that of imparting to her offspring its natu[* This censure, however, is at the present day much less applicable in England than it is in France or Germany.] D 2 36 SUCKLING. ral food? To this duty nature enjoins her with unerring distinctness. But the love of luxury, and of an easy life, the excessive refinement of our manners, and the feeble state of health so frequent at the present day, have almost caused it to be the rule with mothers to delegate the early nourishment of their children to nurses. Many infants are even deprived of this advantage, and are " brought up by hand." A mother worthy the name will, unless prevented by the most urgent reasons, always suckle her children. The following are the only grounds upon which she can fairly claim exemption:--a weak or sickly condition, which wholly unfits the mother for the office, or which might be so far increased, by the exhaustion consequent upon suckling, as to endanger life; a defective formation of the breasts; or a complete absence of milk. Some of these morbid states are, however, within the reach of art; and medical treatment should be resorted to before the birth of another child. To those of the poorer classes who are obliged to seek their livelihood by out-of-door work, the preceding remarks do not apply. But nothing save ill-health can excuse ladies in the higher ranks for so great an offence against nature as SUCKLING. 37 that above indicated. Nor can we admit the validity of the arguments usually employed, namely, the fear of disturbed sleep, the loss of social pleasures, or the supposed injury to personal beauty. Did mothers who claim exemption on such grounds listen to the voice of nature, they would learn that they might raise themselves far higher in the esteem of all rational persons, by fulfilling their maternal duties, than by the most brilliant appearance in the ballroom, than by the most astonishing display of artistic talent, or than by the most splendid intellectual ability. A pretext frequently alleged for non-fulfilment of the duty of suckling, is a feeble state of health. In our times such is, indeed, too often a valid argument; but far more commonly it is a mere idle excuse. A female who has sufficient milk is never too weak to suckle her child, provided she has not any disorder, or tendency to disorder, which sensibly diminishes her strength. In the absence of such affection, suckling can produce no injurious results. On the contrary, mothers who discharge this office are generally more healthy than those who neglect it, and escape many dangers to which the latter are subject. 38 38 SUCK.LING. As regards the infant, its mother's milk forms unquestionably the best nutriment. What food can be more suitable than that which nature herself provides? Hence we generally find, that children suckled by their mothers are stronger and healthier than those which are confided to nurses. There are, however, oases in which the mother's milk disagrees, producing restlessness, cramps, or even wasting. In such instances, accurate observation for the most part reveals in the mother some disorder, which should, if possible, be removed by remedial means. Only when all efforts to cure the affection fail, should suckling be discontinued. Lastly, there is little doubt that, by suckling her infant, the mother exercises a decided influence upon the future character, if not upon the intellect, of her off. spring. Instances not unfrequently occur in which, with increasing years, children acquire the dispositions of their nurses. The fact of a nurse being employed to perform the duty of the mother, may in some measure account for the indifference so often manifested, especially in the higher ranks, by children towards their parents. In the middle classes, nature is opposed in another direction, by a too long continuance of SUCKLING. suckling. After the appearance of the first teeth (that is, from the sixth to the eighth month), the infant is able to support a more solid diet. Nature, and the growing powers of digestion, indicate this change. The mother's milk now affords insufficient nourishment for the rapidly increasing frame, and stronger food should be added. Protracted suckling also weakens the mother. When, from any of the causes already enumerated, a mother is prevented from suckling, the infant may either be nourished by a nurse, or it may be reared without its natural food. Let us examine successively each of these methods. Both plans are attended with difficulty, and require much care and attention. Indeed, it is not easy to decide which is, in general, the better alternative. On the one hand, it is more natural to suckle the child by means of a nurse; but, on the other, a nurse who is perfectly trustworthy, and in every respect fitted for her office, cannot always be found. If a person can be engaged whose health has from childhood been good, who bears an irreproachable character, and who possesses all the qualifications hereafter to be mentioned, she should have the preference over the 40 SUCKLING. plan of artificial feeding. The latter, though more troublesome, is, however, for the most part, the safer method. [When there is a complete absence of milk, the mother should take a dose of Pulsatilla (two globules, dissolved in a tablespoonful of cold water), followed, after three hours, by Calcarea (three globules, dissolved in a tablespoonful of cold water). In most cases, the infant should begin to suck about ten hours after birth. When the milk flows with difficulty, the act of sucking remedies the defect more gently and successfully than any artificial apparatus; and an early application of the child prevents the breasts from becoming over-distended, sore, and inflamed. During the first four months, the infant should be suckled regularly at intervals of from two to four hours, day and night, the intervals being gradually extended as the period of weaning approaches. It is an advantage so to arrange the times, that the child should not suck more than once in the night. This ensures regular and sufficient hours of sleep. The nipple should not remain in the mouth during sleep, or distension of the stomach, flatulency, and cramps will ensue. The infant should be applied alternately to each breast: AVERSION TO THE MOTHER S MILK. 41 otherwise, extreme distension, soreness, or inflammation of one breast may arise, and the child may acquire the habit of squinting, or may become crooked.] [(b) AVERSION OF THE INFANT TO ITS MOTHER'S MILK.] [CAUSES.-Aversion to the mother's milk may result fr-om the presence of some transient disorder on her part, or on that of her offspring. It may also depend upon incurable disease in the former, or upon excessive constitutional nervousness, or inritability;-and in such cases, weaning should be resorted to. If, the mother merely suffers from slight symptoms, these may promptly be removed by medicinal, dietetic, and general measures. When the fault rests with the child, one or more of the following remedies may be required. The desired effect is often produced in a few hours; sometimes in a few minutes. MEDIcINAL TREATMTENT.--MercuriuS (one globule, dry, half an hour before or after suckling: 49 AVERSION TO THE MOTHER'S MILK. the dose to be repeated, if necessary, in four hours) is more generally indicated than any other medicine: but is especially useful for scrofulous infants, and during teething, when there is a copious flow of clear water from the mouth; thrush,; diarrhea. Cina (one globule, dry, half an hour before suckling: two or three doses) is required when there is a tendency to water in the head, with pale face, dark circle round the eyes, emaciation, discharge of threadworims, and oppression of the chest. Silicea (two globules, dry, at bed-time, twice a week) is less speedy in its action than either of the preceding remedies, and is most suitable in chronic cases: especially when the infant has always been sickly, with tendency to softening and bending of the bones, weakness, ulceration of various parts, constipation, and vomiting after suckling. Stannum (one globule, dry, at bed-time: to be repeated two or three times, if required, at intervals of two days) may be given for weakness, emaciation, paleness of face, cramps of the stomach, and a dry shaking cough, followed by copious accumulation of mucus in the throat.] CHOICE OF A NURSE. 43 (c) CHOICE OF A NURSE. Before engaging a nurse, it is essential to ascertain whether she possesses the requisite qualifications for her office: otherwise, the health of the infant may be sacrificed to our culpable neglect. She should be young, well formed, and of agreeable appearance. She should never have had any chronic disease, the effects of which may still lurk in the constitution. More especially she must have been free from scaldhead, and from all other cutaneous eruptions, from swelling of the glands of the neck, from rickets,* from tendency to inflammation of the eyes, from running at the ears, from chronic catarrhs, from cramps in the stomach, and from pains in the limbs. It is of yet greater importance that at the time of suckling she be not suffering from the above or any other chronic complaint. A superficial examination is by no means [* The Germans term this affection "the English disease."] 44 CHOICE OF A NURSE. sufficient. All the functions of the body should be passed in review, in order to ascertain if they are correctly performed. It is, in fact, indispensable to confide the investigation to the care of a physician. The constitution of the nurse must always have been correct in all respects; her confinement must have been natural; and there must, above all, be no hereditary or other taint, an evil which has brought serious affliction upon many families. The cure of such evils is often entrusted to quacks, who by external remedies rapidly drive the disorder from its original seat, although it is far from being eradicated. The disease lies concealed in the system, and will, sooner or later, infallibly reappear. A nurse should never be engaged after a general inspection;-far less ought confidence to be placed in her own statements;-it is necessary to make the most searching inquiry respecting her previous character. The confinement of the nurse should have occurred about the same time as that of the mother. If the nurse has suckled her own child for any considerable period, the milk will be neither so abundant, so good, nor so appropriate to the new-born infant. Lastly, the nurse should possess a kind, obli TREATMENT OF THE NURSE. 45 ging disposition;-neither timid, obstinate, nor passionate. She should be temperate, of cleanly habits, not given to over-indulgence in sleep, and should perform all her duties with cheerfulness and alacrity. [It is likewise necessary that the nurse should have moderately firm breasts, good and healthy nipples, and sound teeth. The quality of the milk ought also to be noticed. The nurse should be fond of children. Nor can we be too careful to ascertain that her infant is perfectly healthy.] (d) DIET AND TREATMENT OF THE NURSE. After having'selected a nurse, it is the parent's duty so to regulate her diet and mode of life, as to ensure her own health, and an abundant supply of good milk for the infant. Her diet should be wholesome and nourishing, and neither gross nor too delicate. All sources of vexation, anger, or contention should be removed; and she ought to be treated with the kindness and consideration which the importance of her office merits. She should, moreover, devote herself exclusively to 46 TREATMENT OF THE NURSE. the infant, and should not be required to take any part in the general household duties. [The almost universal custom of giving malt and spirituous liquors to nurses, is decidedly injurious. In this opinion we are supported by many eminent allopathic practitioners. The first effects of stimulating beverages are always followed, in a short time, by corresponding languor and depression. These stimulants, also, affect the infant by means of the milk. Excitement, and then unnatural drowsiness, are often due to this cause. Further, a nurse previously unaccustomed to take beer or spirits, is by such articles not unfrequently deprived of the health her former diet had ensured. Hence, upon every ground, stimulants should in all possible instances be forbidden. The utmost indulgence to be permitted in this respect is, that when the nurse has habitually used ale or porter, a moderate daily allowance of malt liquor may still be continued. Wine and spirits should invariably be prohibited..The best rule is to give the nurse a sufficient supply of plain wholesome food, animal and vegetable, and by no means to induce her to eat or drink more than a moderate natural appetite THE MILK OF ANIMALS. 4 47 may dictate. This will be the surest means of preserving the health. of nurse and child..Regular daily exercise in the open air is as essential to the nurse as it is to her little charge. Fatigue should, however, be avoided.] (e) TEaE MILK OF ANIMALS. When a suitable nurse cannot be obtained, the mother's milk should be replaced by that of animals. During the first few weeks of life, -no.nutriment i's so suitable as milk; and cow's milk is the best substitute for the natural food., Next in order of usefulness for this purpose, is the milk of asses, and that of goats. It is, if possible, advisable always to give the milk of the same cow. As cow's milk is richer than human milk, it should be mixed with an equal proportion of hot water. This is a far better plan tha heating the milk by the fire, which is apt to render it acid; and it is difficult, by means of a fire, to obtain the precise required temperature, which should be about 880 Fahr. The milk ought to be obtained fresh from the cow 48 THE MILK OF ANIMALS. three times in the day, that it may not become sour from keeping. The milk and water should be mixed each time, immediately before the child is fed. When repeatedly warmed, milk turns acid, and becomes decomposed. The child should be allowed to feed at stated periods, so as to leave regular intervals between the meals. The practice of permitting the sucking-bottle to remain in the child's mouth for an indefinite time, is injurious. Upon this system, not only does the milk shortly become cold, but nourishment is thrown too continuously into the stomach, and sufficient time is not afforded for digestion. Hence acid vomitings, and other complaints. The custom of leaving a sucking-bag in the mouth, is still more objectionable. [It is important that the bottle itself be free from acidity. This can only be ensured by scalding the bottle and the sucking-leather, after each meal, in two or three successive portions of clean hot water. The leather may, during the intervals of sucking, be placed in a mixture of equal parts of water and spirit-of-wine.] SWEANING. 49 [(f) WEANING.] [Generally speaking, the period of suckling should last about nine months. But it will vary, according to the health of -the mother and of her child, and according to the development of the teeth. If the mother is sickly, and visibly weakened by suckling, and if the supply of milk begins to diminish, continued nursing would injure both herself and her offspring. But if the infant is weak and delicate, while the mother is strong, the child may benefit by remaining at the breast till the twelfth or fourteenth month. A longer period of suckling undermines the health of most mothers, and cannot improve that of the infant. Another indication for protracted suckling, is a tardy appearance of the teeth. A watchful and intelligent mother will be guided by these modifying circumstances, instead of following implicitly any general rule. The act of weaning ought never to be performed suddenly. The child should be prepared for this complete separation from the mother's breast, by gradually receiving, after the tenth week, a portion of artificial food, and a less porE 50 ADDITIONAL FOOD. tion of the natural aliment. Thus, by the end of the ninth month, the child will be fed almost entirely by hand, and the process of weaning will be scarcely felt either by mother or child.] (g) ADDITIONAL FOOD. The additional food may consist of well-baked white bread that has become hard by keeping, or biscuit, scraped, and mixed with milk. No butter should be allowed. After the appearance of the first teeth, the diet may be more varied: but still exclusively derived from the vegetable kingdom. Ripe fruit may occasionally be given. Tea, coffee, and beer are altogether prohibited, as too stimulating. Wine and spirits are still more pernicious. The plan of mixing an abundance of sugar with the food, is decidedly hurtful. This article should be used with great moderation, as it produces acidity and indigestion, and is likely to tempt the child beyond its natural appetite. Neither are pastry, cakes, or preserves adnmissible. Nothing destroys the healthy appetite so ADDITIONAL FOOD. 5 51 completely as the dainties with which-especially in the middle and upper classes-children are literally overfed, both with and without the sanction of the parents. We have heard with surprise that even some physicians habitually carry these seductive articles in their pockets, to win the hearts of the children in the families they attend! Broths, and animal food, are not allowable until the eighteenth month, when nature indicates, by the appearance of the canine teeth, that the infant is no longer to be exclusively limited to a vegetable diet. Nevertheless, before puberty, meat should be given in moderation. Till that period, vegetables should continue to form the principal source of nourishment. Too much meat unnaturally hastens. the growth, and induces a premature development of puberty, to the detriment of health. Meat, when allowed at all, should be free from fat. The flesh of gross animals, as the goose and pig, is injurious. Such meats, always unwholesome, are especially unsuitable for children, in whom they may encourage the growth of some disorder the seeds of which already lurk in the system. Intemperance in diet is still more hurtful to 52 ADDITIONAL FOOD. children than to adults. With the former, a desire for food generally remains after hunger has been appeased. Hence children will eat as often as food is offered to them, particularly if it be anything dainty. This tendency should not be encouraged: although it may not be desirable to suppress it altogether. Children more frequently become hungry, and require a greater proportion of nourishment, than adults, because their digestion proceeds more rapidly. They should, therefore, have a greater number of meals in the day. But regular hours should be observed. Thus, they may be fed once between breakfast and dinner, and once between dinner and supper, but at no other times than those here indicated. Dinner should form the principal meal.* The supper should be moderate in quantity, and not too late. A heavy meal immediately before going to bed retards digestion, and induces a disturbed and uneasy sleep. [During the first eighteen months, the addi[* The German word.Mittagsessen, here translated "dinner," signifies literally noon-meal: and the principal repast should, in fact, be taken about the middle of the day.] ADDITIONAL FOOD. 53 tional food should be given by means of a sucking-bottle. This affords the nearest approach to the natural mode of feeding, and prevents the nutriment from passing too rapidly into the stomach. It may happen that a certain kind of food agrees for a time, and then suddenly disagrees, and is rejected by the infant. In such cases the diet must be changed. Thus, barley-water is apt to purge: while arrow-root and broths produce costiveness. These articles, which are injurious when such effects occur, are often useful in checking a tendency to derangement of the bowels, but should be discontinued after they have occasioned the desired result. It is frequently some acidity of the food, caused by inattention to cleanliness, that gives rise to various infantile disorders. The temperature of the food should be about 900 Fahr. The head of the child ought to be raised above the level of the body during the act of feeding, or suffocation may ensue. Milk-porridge, and plain sago or ground-rice puddings, made with milk, and containing no spice or eggs, are excellent articles of diet. Biscuit-powder, powdered groats, and all kinds of artificial preparations, sold in the shops as 54 ADDITIONAL FOOD. "c food for infants," are often composed of noxious, inferior, and non-nutritive articles. Such preparations frequently excite alarming diarrhoea, and other disorders, without the real cause of the complaint being even suspected. Whenever a child becomes suddenly ill, it is necessary to inquire whether the food, or any other part of the general management, is in fault. Unless such sources of disorder be removed, the most skilful medical treatment will be unavailing. When milk diet proves too feeding, or occasions diarrhoea, crusts of bread, soaked in hot water, and moderately sweetened with loaf sugar, may be used for a few days. It is, however, impossible to establish any universal rule with regard to diet. This must vary according to the constitution, health, and mode of life of the infant, according to custom in various countries, and, to a certain extent, according to individual inclination or aversion to particular kinds of food. But, in general, the simplest, purest, and least irritating diet will be found, under all circumstances, to be the best.] .CHOICE OF ATTENDANTS. 5 55 PART II. MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. CHAP. I THE CHOICE AND MANAGEMENT OF ATTENDANTS. HAVING treated of infants, let us proceed to discuss a few points of importance to children who have passed the stage of infancy. The treatment already recommended is equally. applicable in many respects to children as to infants; but some remarks regarding the management of the former remain to be made. The good effect capable of. being produced on the physical and moral development of children, by a vigilant and skilful superintending care, would appear to be self-evident. Yet how frequently is this duty -neglected by parents, and delegated to those who are, by training, circum 56 CHOICE OF ATTENDANTS. stances and character, unfit for so important a trust! In the lower and middle ranks of society, the necessity of working for a livelihood leaves small leisure for attention to family duties. In the upper classes, parents are apt to consider their own avocations, and the requirements of fashionable life, as of paramount importance: hence they only see their children at certain appointed hours of the day, instead of allowing them to be their most constant and cherished companions. Carelessness in the selection of attendants cannot be too severely censured: its result may eventually be moral perversion, leading to bodily infirmity. Stories of ghosts, robberies, and extraordinary and startling adventures in which servants delight, may also induce a timidity of disposition, which in after years the strongest intellect can scarcely overcome. Children are gifted with quick powers of observation;' and all that passes: around them is impressed vividly and firmly upon -their active minds.' Hence too much care cannot be taken to speak and to act, in their presence, with the most scrupulous propriety and discretion. Nor should the hasty, rough, and harsh conduct of many servants to CHOICE OF ATTENDANTS. 57 wards children, and their frequent neglect of duty, remain unnoticed. For example, the attendants often walk out rather with a view to their own enjoyment, than to pay due attention to the tender beings confided to them. The instances in which the welfare of children has been thus sacrificed, are far from rare. Another point of the utmost importance is, that neither the child nor the nurse should be allowed to hold communication with casual strangers, or with persons affected with any disorder which might be transmitted to the child by contact. Some of these disorders are of a highly dangerous xcharacter. Others, as the itch, are common among the working classes, and are easily communicated to children. This disease is not very prominently visible: it often displays itself to the eye only by a few small vesicles, which are either overlooked, or are treated merely with some ointment or lotion, which excites. a multitude of subsequent complaints. Children ought never to be kissed, handled, or touched by a stranger. Nor should they be permitted to suck anything which may be offered by strangers. Such intended kindness may prove fatal not only to the health, but to the life of the child. 58 CLEANLINESS AND VENTILATION. CHAP. HI. CLEANLINESS AN~D VENTILATION. CLEANLINESS is essential to the maintenance of health. Many children, especially those of the poor, and those which are not brought up by their parents, lose their health solely from neglect of cleanliness. While the child continues to wear long clothes, all articles of dress should be changed. as often as they are soiled: otherwise the clothes will remain damp: and the cold. which results from humidity is extremely prejudicial, often causing restlessness, screaming, hiccup, convu~lsions, diarrhcea, and other complaints. Attention to this particular will enable us to discard the pernicious custom of powdering infants with medicinal substances, often used in case of excoriation. The linen should be renewed, several times during the day, until the child has acquired habits of cleanliness. The bed-clothes CLEANLINESS AND VENTILATION. 59 should be altered at regular periods, or as often as may be necessary, and should, during the day, be hung out in the open air. In addition to the required ablutions, a daily tepid bath, of from ten to fifteen minutes' duration, contributes in a remarkable degree to the health of the child. The bath may be given with advantage every morning, till the third or fourth year. Pure spring water should be used: the best plan is to boil it, and then to add as much cold water as will reduce it to a temperature of about 88~ Fahr. The child should be quickly and thoroughly dried, and then wrapped in linen. In subsequent years, children may be allowed to bathe in river water twice or thrice a week during the summer. Too many persons should not be permitted to be at the same time in the nursery, as often happens, under pretext of visiting the mother. Perfumes and flowers are injurious. The room should be light, and if possible exposed to the direct rays of the sun. A cheerful sunny apartment is much more healthy than one which is gloomy, and into which the sunshine can scarcely penetrate. This rule should be observed, not only during childhood, but throughout life. [Linen should never be dried or aired in the 60 CLEANLINESS AND VENTILATION. nursery. During evaporation, a large supply of heat is abstracted fromn surrounding objects; and the temperature is thus in many instances so reduced, that violent catarrhs, or even death may result. A strict regard to cleanliness, particularly with respect to the head, ears, nose, mouth, etc., and complete drying, are among the best means of avoiding the occurrence of scabs and excoriations, so often noticed in children of whom little care is taken. Such neglect, unfortunately, is not confined to the poorer classes.] CLOTHING. 61 CHAP. II. CLOTHING. THE rule with respect to clothing, as already mentioned, is that it should allow room for growth and for free motion; that it be not heavy or cumbersome; and that it be sufficient to maintain a moderate temperature. Children take, or should take, more exercise than adults. Hence the necessity of paying especial regard to their dress, which has unquestionably much influence upon their health. For the first two or three years, children of both sexes may wear,_ over their linen, a covering of holland or cotton, and in winter of cloth, reaching from the shoulders to the ankles. Trousers, which should not be worn by boys till after the fourth year, ought to be made so as to button to the waistcoat: braces being apt to compress the chest. The use of stays for girls ought to be entirely 62 62 CLOTHING. discontinued. If worn at all, they should be so loose as not to occasion pressure,* and so placed that, after its development, they do not raise the bosom, or maintain it in a forced and unnatural position. It is a mistake to suppose that stays are necessary to support the bosom, and to give a proper shape to the upper part of the body. Co~rcive means uniformly fail in effecting the latter object. On the contrary, they prevent the natural development of the breasts, and make them flabby. They limit the action of the muscles, especially those of the back, weaken them, and incapacitate them for maintaining the body in its proper position. The result is, that artificial support is at length absolutely required, to keep the upper part of the trunk straight. After having worn stays for a considerable time, few females can preserve the erect posture without such support, on the removal of which the body may literally be said to sink. This feeble condi[* It is, however, better to abolish stays altogether, than to leave any latitude as to their being "1loose"1 or "11tight." We never find ladies cornfessing that they lace tightly. The idea that "1support"1 is necessary, should not for a moment be sanctioned, directly or indirectly.] CLOTHING. 63 tion mainly results from want of motion, and from pressure. The best proof that such weakness is the effect of wearing stays, is that even delicate boys have generally a more graceful and upright carriage than girls. The whalebone placed behind stays twists and bends from side to side, thus occasioning an unequal pressure. This, with other causes, may contribute in producing curvature of the spine. Nor should the feet be heavily loaded. Both for boys and girls, shoes are better than boots: the latter exercise too much pressure upon the feet, and prevent the child from walking with ease. In order to ensure a firm step, the shoe ought to fit closely, without being tight. Diminutive feet, so greatly admired by, ladies, are the consequence of tight shoes and boots. The advantage is dearly bought, at the expense of corns, and of fatigue in walking. High heels are injurious; they alter the centre of gravity of the body, cause the trunk to incline forwards, and thus induce an uncertain gait. In some instances they even assist in producing spinal deformity. The proper material for stockings is cotton. Woollen articles are too warm, and should never 64 CLOTHINGý be worn next the skin; they are especially unsuited for children. The neck should be left free, and unencumbered with cravat or neckkerchief. The best covering for the head is a cap of holland or cloth, without fur or lining. The head is so well cared for by nature, that it has little need of artificial protection.* In warm weather, both boys and girls may safely go into the open air without any covering to the head. In that case, however, the practice of cutting the hair short, should be abandoned. The custom of removing an ornament certainly not given by nature without a -wise object, is by no means conducive to health, and is followed simply because man is the slave of fashion. [Children are often injured in various ways by being over-dressed. By this expression is not intended a too heavy clothing, though that is an evil; but rather the reverse, namely, a decking out with ribbons, feathers, and other absurd ornaments, while the arms and chest of the [*The head-dress can scarcely be too light. It is well known that the boys at Christ Church School, London, who are out in all weathers without any artificial covering to the head, are less liable to catarrh than children who habitually wear hats or caps.] CLOTHING. 65 child remain, regardless of climate, uncovered. Many disorders, and many deaths, are due to this baneful practice, which is sometimes adopted in the hope of "hardening" the unfortunate little creature. The prevailing fashion has frequently the further disadvantage of inducing a premature and almost morbid love of dress in the minds of young persons. Dress a child simply and sufficiently, maintain a due regard to cleanliness, exercise, and ventilation, avoid extremes and sudden changes of temperature, and far more is done towards real "hardening" than could be effected by the culpable excesses above mentioned.]. F 66 66 EXERCISE. CHAP. IV. EXERCISE. NOTHING conduces so greatly to the preservation of health, especially in children, as free and frequent exercise in the open air. In these refined times, when the attention devoted to the mind so often leads to neglect of the body, it -is necessary to remind parents and teachers of this fact. As children are constantly growing, their muscles require still more exercise than those of adults. Without exercise, the muscles become weak and flabby, and the body fails to attain the firmness and strength needed in after years in various modes of life, and for resisting a multitude of accidental occurrences. The truth of this position is amply attested by comparing children brought up in the country and in the fresh air, with those reared in towns. In large towns, children, particularly in the higher classes, EXERCISE. 67 remain too much in the house, studying, or engaged in embroidery and other fashionable employments. Fear is entertained respecting every breath of fresh air and every drop of rain. Young persons are compelled constantly to maintain a stiff and constrained carriage, so that the free play of the muscles and limbs is diligently and artificially repressed. To a mother, nothing is more displeasing than to see her daughter standing or walking otherwise than she has been taught to do by the dancing-master, or quitting that most comfortless position which consists in sitting for hours together perfectly upright, without support to the back. We have no wish to quarrel with the graces of life: but these must not be sought in a rigid and constrained awkwardness. True grace is, on the contrary, encouraged by a free and vigorous use of the limbs. Want of exercise, combined with tight clothing, assists in causing various distortions of the frame. Bodily exercise of various kinds, especially in the open air, should form part of the daily occupation of both boys and girls. Besides the usual walks and juvenile sports, gymnastic exercises are of much service. The latter, by demanding a certain effort and celerity of movement, F2 68 EXERCISE. develope muscular power and adroitness in a high degree. If effeminacy is to be avoided, not less injurious are the sudden attempts occasionally made to induce premature strength. All exercises should be proportioned to the age and powers of the individual: they should only be increased in vigor as the child gains additional energy to support them. Children ought, in like manner, to become gradually inured to cold and boisterous weather. Many parents, after having confined their children to a sedentary life, and carefully guarded them from every variation of climate, suddenly conceive the idea of hardening them. But nature is averse to violent measures; and this rapid transition from one extreme to another is generally pernicious in its results. Hence, especially with regard to weak and sickly children, "hardening" should be conducted gradually. [Gymnastics should be additional to, not in. stead of, daily exercise in fields and gardens, or the free and joyous spirits of children will be sacrificed to mere strength of muscle. In the country, unrestricted play can without difficulty be afforded; and it may be hoped that, ere long, EXERCISE. 69 public parks and gardens, free to the inhabitants of all classes and ages, will be found in the vicinity of every large town. Next to the attainment of cleanliness, proper drainage, and free ventilation, this would form one of the most important sanitary improvements in denselypopulated cities. Children should enjoy an occasional change of air. This is particularly desirable during convalescence from any serious illness, and for young persons who live in towns.] 70 DIET. CHAP. V. [DIET.] [TEE entire profession is indebted to homoeopathic practitioners for the admirable dietetic rules laid down by the latter. So confessedly is this the case, that any benefit derived from the reformed treatment is apt to be exclusively attributed to a careful regulation of food and drink. A judicious diet forms in many diseases an important, and in some an indispensable part of treatment. Still, its powers have been overrated. Patients have been, by homoeopathic remedies, repeatedly cured of chronic maladies without being deprived of their customary wine, beer, coffee, or spices, when they have shown a peculiar disinclination to abandon these articles. On the other hand, a moderately simple diet-neither wholly devoid of stimulants, nor abounding in spices and rich and fatty matters-is, in general, the best, both for persons in moderate health, and for those affected with chronic disorders. It DIET. 71 is impossible to form absolute rules upon the subject; but-making due allowance for peculiarities of taste, habit, and disorder-the following may be accepted as useful lists of the aliments allowed or forbidden, in moderate health, and in most chronic complaints. In acute affections, and especially in those accompanied by fever, the wishes of the patient may, within rational limits, be consulted. In such cases, there is seldom a desire for anything but toast-and-water or barley-water (warm or cold), thin gruel, arrowroot, &c. The diet of infants has already been treated of in this book. The present chapter refers to older children, and the list shows that homceopathy is not necessarily a starving system. A.-ALIMENTS ALLOWED. (a) Animal Food.-Roast or boiled beef or mutton. Beef-tea, veal, mutton, or chicken broth, seasoned with salt, and either with or without rice, pearl barley, and vegetables. Hares, rabbits, pheasants, partridges, grouse, woodcocks, snipes, plovers, wild ducks, and venison, if not kept too long. "72 DIET. Chickens, guinea-fowls, and turkeys. Calf's-foot and other jellies. Almost all kinds of salt and fresh-water fish except salmon and eels; raw oysters. Fresh eggs, boiled or poached. (b) Vegetable Food.-White, and occasionally brown, wheaten bread, fermented or unfermented; plain cakes, or biscuits, without much egg or butter, and free from currants or caraway seeds. Rice, sago, millet, tapioca, arrowroot, vermicelli, and macaroni, cooked in a simple manner. Light puddings made with flour, preserve, or apples. Ripe strawberries, raspberries, gooseberries, apricots, melons, oranges, cherries, plums, grapes, peaches, apples, and pears (raw, cooked, or preserved), in moderation. Potatoes, peas, French-beans, cauliflower, and Jerusalem-artichokes, well and simply cooked. Roasted chesnuts, dried figs, dates, French plums, and raisins, in moderation. (c) Liquids.-The best beverage for healthy persons-and, to a taste not vitiated by the early and habitual use of strong liquors, the most agreeable-is pure spring water. Toast-and-water, barley-water; new milk, boiled DIET. 73 milk, milk-and-water, whey, and fresh buttermilk. Weak wine-and-water, or mild home-brewed beer, is allowed, in moderation, and for occasional use, under certain circumstances. Weak black tea, cocoa, and plain chocolate, with milk and a little sugar. (d) Condiments.-Salt, sugar, fresh butter, and olive-oil, in moderation. B.-ALIMENTS PROHIBITED. (a) Animal Food.-Pork, veal, ham, tongues, sausages, and salted meats. Curries; all highly seasoned soups and other dishes; pea-soup. Geese, domestic ducks, and pigeons. Salted, pickled, or smoked fish; salmon, eels, lobsters, crabs, crawfish, shrimps, prawns, cockles, cooked oysters, and anchovies. Fried, rancid, or salt butter; cheese. (b) Vegetable Food.-Onions, garlic, shallot, parsley, asparagus, celery, radishes, mushrooms, cucumbers, parsnips, beet, tomatos, sorrel, fennel, sage, thyme, mint, horseradish, capers, artichokes, EDUCATION. 75 CHAP. VI. MORAL AND INTELLECTUAL EDUCATION. HAVING thus completed our sketch of a rational physical education, it may be useful to offer a few remarks upon mental culture. The development of the mind should ever go hand-in-hand with that of the body. Premature mental exertion is injurious to physical growth and health. At the present day, when forcing of the mind has become so common, examples often occur in which an astonishing mental progress coexists with a weak and delicate frame. But the mind itself cannot, under such circumstances, long retain its high standard, generally failing in proportion as the body becomes unequal to its support. It is with men as with hothouse cultivation of plants: the more rapidly they reach maturity, the less vigorous will be their life, and the more prematurely will death occur. Thus, both the mind and the body are 76 EDUCATION. cut short, without any counterbalancing advantage either to the individual or to the world. A person who is forced beyond his powers never receives a complete and truly liberal education. His learning and his faculties are alike limited to a narrow range of subjects and of views. His character becomes feeble, timid, irresolute, despondent at the slightest disappointment, misanthropic, and peevish. In short, he is a burden to himself and to others. The child begins to learn, and to form its character, as soon as it attempts to speak. A knowledge of the mother-tongue, and of surrounding objects, is the first matter that engages the mind: these are learnt in sport, and without effort. All teaching should be thus conducted until at least the seventh year, when the mind begins to be capable of supporting more methodical instruction. Children are generally sent to school at too early an age, the hours of study are too much prolonged, and too many things are taught at once. The mind is yet too feeble for this exertion; the ideas become confused, the memory is overburdened, and at length the faculties give way. Children from nine to twelve years of age are often obliged to sit at EDUCATION. 77 school, and to stretch their attention, six or seven hours every day, besides studying at home. They are expected to bear without injury this protracted study, which would be a labour even to adults! Nor does the mind alone suffer: the body is seriously injured by such sedentary habits, and by exhalations from the lungs of numbers of other children confined in the same room. From the seventh till the tenth year, the duration of the lessons should not exceed two or three hours daily; and from the tenth till the fourteenth year, four or five hours at the utmost. After the age of fourteen, the mind becomes capable of more continued application: but this ought still to be alternated with the necessary games and bodily exercise in the open air, that youthful gaiety and health may not be sacrificed to study. In the majority of schools, too little freedom is permitted in this respect. Hence these places, instead of being abodes where youth may study with ardour and delight, more resemble prisons. In addition to sedentary habits, the limited ideas encouraged by a confined life, often lead to the most pernicious results, both moral and intellectual. 78 GENERAL REMARKS. PART IH. TREATMENT OF THE DISORDERS OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN. [GENERAL REMARKS AND INSTRUCTIONS.] [The Essential Rules of Homceopathic Practice are: 1st, in each case of disorder a remedy must be given which is capable of producing in a healthy person a similar disorder;-2nd, two or more medicines are never to be administered at the same time to any patient. Allopathic Remedies, such as bleeding, leeches, cupping, blisters, setons, purgatives, narcotics, &c. &c., are strictly forbidden in homceopathic practice. The Difference between Allopathy and Homceopathy is, that the former first palliates, then aggravates the symptoms of a malady;-while the latter tends first slightly to increase, then altogether to remove, the symptoms. Hence, GENERAL REMARKS. 79 especially in chronic diseases, the action of homceopathic remedies sometimes appears slower than that of allopathic measures, but it is more curative and more enduring. With respect to Food and Drink, the reader is referred to the article DIET, p. 70. Selection of the Remedy.-In treating any disorder, all the symptoms should be taken into consideration: but the most marked and characteristic are those to which the greatest attention is required. In this volume, such characteristic symptoms, both of disorders and of remedies, are, when necessary, indicated by Italics. It is not, however, to be expected that each case of disease will present all the symptoms mentioned as belonging to that disorder or to its remedies. Nor, on the other hand, would it have been possible to enumerate under any medicine all the symptoms which it can cause in health, or cure in disease. The remedy cannot be too carefully selected, as an inappropriate medicine is either inert, or produces an injurious effect. Rule for continuing any Remedy.-A medicine, properly selected, should be employed as long as the condition of the patient manifestly improves. 80 GENERAL REMARKS. When the amelioration is very slow or slight in proportion to the duration or severity of the disorder, another remedy, suited to the existing symptoms, should be selected. New Symptoms indicate a change of Remedy.If new symptoms, not caused by or characteristic of the first medicine arise, another remedy should be selected, in accordance with the existing symptoms. An Accidental Disorder indicates a Change of Remedy.-During treatment, an accidental disorder sometimes occurs. If severe, this must be checked by a remedy appropriate to the new symptoms; if slight, it is better not to interfere. Unnecessary changes of remedies often complicate a case, by introducing fresh medicinal symptoms. After the accidental affection has disappeared, the treatment of the principal disease may be resumed. Medicinal Aggravation.-In case of medicinal aggravation, the remedy should not be repeated until the temporary effect has ceased; nor should it be repeated at all unless the disturbance be followed by a distinct amelioration. A medicinal aggravation is known by its arising more suddenly than a natural increase of the disorder: GENERAL REMARKS. 81 also by its agreeing with the characteristic symptoms of the remedy. Such aggravation is, however, rare in young persons, endures but a short time, produces no ill result save a slight and transient increase of pain, and:departs as suddenly as it arose. It generally ends in tranquil slumber, and in a distinct abatement of all the sufferings. The Art of Prescribing.-The preceding remarks will suffice to afford a general idea of the method of selecting, continuing, and changing the remedies. The art of prescribing with ease and decision can only be attained by long study, by much practice, and by diligent and careful observation and reasoning, combined with a natural tact and readiness. The rudiments of the art may be learnt from books; the rest must be acquired from nature. Relative Sensitiveness to Medicinal Action.Children are in general remarkably susceptible to the curative action of homceopathic remedies. Young persons of a slow phlegmatic temperament are, however, affected with more difficulty than active, sanguine, nervous, or bilious children. The constitution and general health being good, and the patient not having been subjected 82 GENERAL REMARKS. to prolonged or violent allopathic treatment, are highly favorable circumstances. Repetition of Doses.-Slight complaints often yield to a single dose of a single appropriate medicine. In more obstinate cases, the same remedy may, in general, be repeated as soon as the improvement produced by the previous dose ceases. The doses are administered at shorter intervals in acute than in chronic cases,-the periods varying from five minutes to twelve hours in the former, and from twelve hours to many weeks in the latter. During convalescence, or in proportion as the symptoms abate, the doses should be given at longer intervals than in the height of the disorder. Persons of a phlegmatic temperament require more frequent medication than those of an active and susceptible nature. But the character of each individual case is a better guide than any universal rule. Rule for the Attenuation according to the Disease and the Temperament.-In acute disorders it is usual to prescribe the lower or more material attenuations, from the first to the twelfth, and in some instances the mother tincture, that is, the saturated and strongest tincture. In chronic affections, the higher or less material attenua GENERAL REMARKS. 83 tions are employed, from the twelfth upwards. To phlegmatic patients I generally administer the higher attenuations,-sometimes so high as the eight hundredth, with marked advantage. When the temperament is active, the lower attenuations are often to be preferred. Rule for the Attenuation according to the Remedy. -Medicines which, in their crude state, are nearly or wholly inert (as Silicea, Carbo vegetabilis, Calcarea carbonica, and Graphites) are more efficient in the higher than in the lower attenuations. The contrary is the case with regard to many remedies which are powerful in their crude condition (as Opium, Hyoscyamus, Helleborus niger, Arnica, and Rhus toxicodendron). In Domestic Practice, it is sufficient to adhere, in general, to a uniform attenuation, and the twelfth has been selected for this purpose. The attenuation is, however, of much less moment than the selection of the remedy. Persons who already possess medicine-cases may, therefore, employ the attenuations nearest to those mentioned in the present treatise. With very young infants, it is often necessary to administer the dry globules, or at least to heat the spoon before giving a remedy in solution. G 2 84 GENERAL REMARKS. Tinctures are much used in modem homceopathic practice; but the safety and efficacy of globules cannot be denied. The best Time for taking Medicine, in chronic cases, is just before going to bed, the sources of disturbance being fewer at night than in the day. The next best time is on first rising in the morning. The patient should fast at least one hour before and after taking each dose. In urgent acute disorders, however, it is impossible to follow these regulations, as the medicines require, in many instances, to be repeated at intervals of a few minutes or hours. Again, certain remedies act best if given in the evening, while others are to be taken in the morning. Application of the preceding Rules.-In professional practice, the above rules act as our guides in prescribing. But throughout this volume I have, in treating of each disorder, supplied as accurate instructions as possible respecting the selection of the remedy, the repetition of doses, and the duration of treatment. Nothing perplexes the amateur so much as the absence of these and other necessary details. Such directions have, however, been inserted merely for the convenience of the reader, GENERAL REMARKS. 85 as only an approximation to correctness can be attained when general remarks are applied to special cases.] [ABSCESS.] [NATURE OF THE AFFECTION.-Matter contained in a sac of peculiar organization, which sac possesses secretory or absorbent vessels. The disorder may be acute or chronic. SYMPTOMS.-Even in very young infants, tumours occasionally form in various parts of the body, sometimes without causing much inflammation or fever. In a few days the tumour becomes pointed, throbs, a certain fluctuation on pressure indicates the presence of fluid, and the skin at length bursts at the point of the cone, giving vent to a quantity of more or less putrid matter. In acute abscess there is a greater amount of constitutional disturbance than in chronic cases. The disorder generally runs its course more rapidly in children than in adults. TERMINATION.-Either in resolution (recovery), or, in severe cases, death of the patient at the end of a few days or weeks. Or the abscess may 86 ABSCESS. become chronic. Excessive or long-continued discharges sometimes induce hectic fever. CAUSEs.-Lymphatic temperament; debility; long illnesses; insufficient nourishment; exposure to cold.* GENERAL TREATMENT.-The external treatment should in most cases be limited to fomentations and the application of poultices. But if an abscess be so situated that its pressure may cause intense pain, or if it threaten injury to any important organ, the tumour must be opened without delay. The operation ought to be performed by a surgeon. Carefully exclude the air from the wound, and apply a poultice. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Belladonna (three globules, dry, night and morning, for a day or two) often succeeds in preventing suppuration. Hepar sulphuris (two globules to be dissolved in a tablespoonful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken night and morning) may be given to hasten the bursting of the abscess, when * In enumerating the causes of each disorder, the predisposing and exciting causes are, for the sake of convenience, included under the same head. ANGER AND VEXATION. 87 the tumour throbs and continues to enlarge, when it is evident that resolution cannot be expected, and when the skin over the abscess retains its natural hue. Lachesis (two globules, administered in the same way, and for the same purpose, as Hepar) is required when the skin over the abscess has a puffed and deep purple appearance. Silicea (three globules, dry, at bed-time, for three or four nights), given after the abscess has burst, accelerates the cure, and prevents the weakening effects of a chronic discharge. Phosphorus (two globules, dry, at bed-time, every third night, for two or three weeks) is useful for the debility produced by copious discharges from an open abscess.] ANGER AND VEXATION. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Immediately after an attack of passion, give Chamomilla (one globule, dry); or, in case of silent vexation, Ignatia (one globule, dry). Should the symptoms be obstinate, and 88 ASIATIC CHOLERA. accompanied by shivering, headach, loss of appetite, bitter taste in the mouth, and diarrhoea, administer Pulsatilla (two globules, dry). Anger is often combined with fear. In such case Aconitum (two globules, dry) is an admirable remedy. [ASIATIC CHOLERA.] [Synonyms.-Epidemic, Malignant, or Spasmodic Cholera.] [NATURE OF THE DISEASE.-Violent vomiting and purging of watery matters free from admixture of bile. The affection is acute. SYMPTOMs.-The disorder is often preceded, during a few days, by painless diarrhoea. The attack itself consists, in the first stage, of sudden weakness, violent cramps of the stomach and limbs, coldness and blue color of the skin, thirst, giddiness, swelling of the abdomen, anxious expression of countenance, and weak plaintive voice; in the second stage, urgent diarrhea and vomiting of watery fluid, clammy sweat, cramps, severe (often burning) pain in the stomach, and ASIATIC CHOLERA. 89 oppression of the chest. There is frequently a third or typhoid stage. TERMINATION.-Death may ensue in a few hours. Or the attack may end in gastric irritation, or in typhus-fever. The mortality is somewhat less in children than in adults, and far less under homoeopathic than under allopathic treatment. CAUsEs.-Previous ill-health, and tendency to diarrhoea; scanty or unwholesome diet; insufficient admixture of salt with the food; inattention to ventilation and cleanliness; exposure to cold and damp. The disorder is epidemic, but rarely, if ever, contagious. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Keep the child in bed. The temperature of the body should be maintained by flannel coverings, hot bottles to the feet, and friction of the skin. Excessive thirst, and burning pains, may be allayed by drinking iced water in small quantities at a time. During convalescence, it is essential to avoid fatigue, stimulants, and exposure to cold. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Cuprum metallicum and Veratrum (four globules of each), taken alternately, dry, at bed-time, twice a week, when cholera prevails in 90 ASIATIC CHOLERA. the neighbourhood, act in many instances as preventives against the disorder. If, in spite of this precaution, an attack ensue, it is likely to be of a mild character. Acidum phosphoricum (two globules, dry, every night at bed-time) may be given during the painless diarrhcea so frequent in districts attacked by cholera. Camphor (one drop of the Tincture, in a teaspoonful of ice-cold water, every five minutes) is generally required in the first or cold stage of the disease. Veratrum (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every half hour) is the proper remedy, in a large proportion of cases, during the second stage, especially if the limbs are extremely cold, and the skin is covered with a clammy sweat. Should no improvement occur after the eighth dose, select some other medicine, according to the symptoms. Bryonia (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every hour) should be given if typhoid symptoms arise. Cuprum metallicum (one globule to be dissolved ASIATIC CHOLERA. 91 in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every hour) is suitable when cramps in the limbs and convulsions predominate, with loss of consciousness. Arsenicum (four globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every hour) is the proper remedy for extreme weakness and restlessness, excessive thirst, burning pain in the stomach, coldness and blue color of the skin. Ipecacuanha (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every quarter of an hour) is useful when vomiting is the chief symptom. Aconitusn (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every half hour) is required when inflammatory attacks occur during or after cholera. China (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for a few nights) is suitable during convalescence, when there is bilious diarrhoea or much feebleness. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be given at longer intervals in proportion as the symptoms abate.] 92 BALDNESS.-BLEEDING OF THE NOSE. [BALDNESS.] [Synonyms.-Alopecia, Calvities.] [CAUSES.-In young persons, partial or entire baldness may occur without apparent cause. More frequently, however, it follows some other disorder, especially scaldhead, and various fevers. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Lycopodium (two globules, dry, at bed-time, twice a week, for two months) is one of the best remedies. Calcarea (three globules, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for several weeks) may be substituted for Lycopodium, should the latter produce no effect at the end of six or seven weeks.] BLEEDING OF THE NOSE. [Synonym.-Epistaxis.] [CAUSES.-This symptom may occur either in plethoric, over-fed children, or in those of sickly and exhausted frame. When slight, or when it takes place as a critical discharge towards the BLUE DISEASE. 93 end of a fever or other acute illness, no treatment is requisite. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum (two globules, dissolved in a dessert- spoonful of cold water) speedily arrests bleeding of the nose occurring in a plethoric child.] Mercurius (two globules, dissolved in a dessertspoonful of cold water) is indicated when the patient is troubled with worms or diarrhoea. China (two globules, dry) may be given, twentyfour hours after the attack, to prevent a relapse. [BLUE DISEASE.] [Synonym.-Cyanosis.] [CAUSEs.-The blue color of the skin observed in some infants, is due to imperfect formation of the heart, or to want of power on the part of this organ. TERMINATION.-The disease seldom admits of cure: but some persons affected with it have lived many years in a state of misery. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Digitalis (three globules, dry, at 94 BOIL. bed-time, once a week, for several weeks). One case of blue disease is said to have been cured by this remedy. Lachesis (two globules, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for three months) has also been recommended.] BOIL. [Synonym.-Furunculus.] [NATURE OF THE AFFECTION.-An inflamed, pointed, circumscribed swelling, situated in the cellular tissue beneath the skin, and tending to suppuration. The disorder may be acute or chronic.] SYMPTOMS.-A circumscribed tumour, raised considerably above the surface, pointed, somewhat hard, of a deep red color, and painful, situated in the cellular tissue beneath the skin. The swelling varies from the size of a hazel-nut to that of a pigeon's egg. It rarely disperses without suppurating. Matter forms within; and, after the removal of this, a thinner pus, mixed with blood, flows from the opening. The pain then diminishes, and the tumour gradually BRUISES. 95 disappears. Sometimes the boil becomes hard, dries up, and slowly disperses; or fresh inflammation arises. [TERMINATION.-Generally, after a longer or shorter time, in recovery; but relapses often occur. CAUSEs.-General ill-health; previous attacks of fever; exposure to damp air; constitutional tendency. Boils may, however, arise, in persons otherwise apparently healthy. LOCAL TREATMENT.-When a large boil is ripe, apply a warm bread poultice.] MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Arnica (two globules dissolved in half a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every night at bed-time) is the best remedy for the cure of boils, and for preventing relapses; also to avert suppuration. [Sulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time, every day for a week) is useful in tedious cases.] BRUISES. [Synonym.-Contusions.] [NATURE OF THE INJURY.-Extravasation of blood under the skin.] 96 BRUISES. SYMPToMs.-Severe bruises generally occasion a tumour, which is painful, diffused and soft (or somewhat hard); then follow inflammation, suppuration, and fever. Either from the first, or a short time afterwards, the swelling is spotted, and of a deep red or leaden hue. TERMINATION.-Except in a few severe cases, (in which mortification and sloughing ensue), the swelling and discoloration quickly disappear. [CAUsEs.-Bruises are mostly produced by a fall upon a flat surface, or by a blow from a blunt instrument.] MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Arnica is specific in all cases of contusion. Two or three doses (two globules, dissolved in a dessertspoonful of cold water), taken internally, suffice to cure a slight bruise. If the injury be more severe, the remedy should also be applied externally: moisten the part affected, several times daily, with a lotion made by adding a teaspoonful of Tincture of Arnica to a tumblerful of cold water. 98 BURNS AND SCALDS. has likewise been proved by experience. Moisten the injured surface with heated spirit-of-wine, or with brandy, renewing the liquid as often as it evaporates. Or cover the parts with several folds of linen or lint, soaked in spirit-of-wine, and kept constantly moist. Or spirit-of-turpentine may be used. The unremitting care of an attendant is necessary, to prevent the parts from becoming dry. At night, the light should be placed in a lantern, lest the highly inflammable spirit of wine or turpentine catch fire. [If the above remedies are not at hand, use soap-lather instead. When the skin is destroyed, preserve the parts carefully from the air.] MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum (one globule, dissolved in a dessertspoonful of cold water) may be given should the burn occasion symptoms of fever. Repeat the dose every four hours, until the fever has subsided. Arsenicum (two globules, dry, every four hours) is useful when the pain is very severe. BURNT HOLES. 99 [BURNT HOLES.] [ Synonym.-Pemphigus gangrenosus.] [NATURE OF THE DISEASE.-An eruption of vesicles on the skin, with tendency to gangrene. It is an acute affection. SYMPTOMS.-Without any previous warning, large separate vesicles appear on various parts of the body, increase for two or three days, and then break, discharging a thin, colorless, fetid fluid. At the time of bursting, the blisters run together, and ulcers, which give rise to unhealthy matter, are formed. A rapid destruction of tissue ensues, and there is much general disturbance. This disease is distinguished from chicken-pox by the vesicles becoming ulcerated in the former, scabby in the latter. TERMINATION.-Often in death about the twelfth day. Much constitutional disturbance, and a rapid spread of. the ulcers, are unfavorable circumstances. CAUSEs.-Want of cleanliness; damp, unhealthy, ill-drained districts; small, crowded, illi: 1,J 102 CHICKEN-POX. flammation of any internal organ arises, the danger is, however, much increased: but these are rare occurrences. If allopathically treated, the disorder sometimes leaves tedious sores and scabs. CAUSE.-Specific contagion. The malady seldom attacks the same person twice. GENERAL TREATMENT.-A moderate and uniform temperature, and mild unstimulating diet, are of essential service. The child need not be kept in bed, but should remain in one room until the eruption begins to decline.] MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum (two globules, dry, at bed-time). Chicken-pox rarely requires medicinal treatment: but if there be much fever, one or two doses of the above remedy may be given. [Sulphur (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for a few nights) may be given when the disorder leaves an unhealthy state of skin.] CHILBLAINS. 103 CHILBLAINS. [Synonym.-Perniones.] SYMPTOMS.- Small round elevated tumors, caused by exposure to cold. The parts most frequently affected are the hands and the feet, and especially the great toes. At the approach of winter, and on exposure to changes of temperature, a sort of erysipelatous inflammation arises: this is accompanied by excessive itching and burning. [GENERAL TREATMENT.-Keep the feet and hands warm and dry, but avoid extremes of temperature. The hands should be rubbed perfectly dry, after washing, with a soft napkin, and must never be warmed at the fire after exposure to cold air. Warm gloves may, in very cold weather, be worn in the house as well as out-of-doors. Apply sweet oil, night and morning, to the chilblains.] MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Chilblains are seldom cured by the use of a single remedy: in almost every case, 101 COLD IN THE HEAD. several are required. The two first-mentioned medicines are those most frequently indicated. Chamomilla (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for a few nights) when the chilblains are hot and itching. Arnica (two globules, dry, every night at bedtime) when there is a hard shining surface. Pulsatilla (two globules, dry, every night at bed-time), followed after a few days by Belladonna (three globules, dry, at bed-time, every alternate night), should be given when there is much inflammation, with pulsative pains, swelling, and reddish-blue color of the affected part. Sulphur (two globules, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights), followed at the end of a fortnight by Acidum nitricum (to be given in the same way as Sulphur) is suitable in obstinate cases, and particularly when there is severe itching. COLD IN THE HEAD. [Synonyms.-Catarrh, Common Cold;-Coryza.] NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Irritation and COLD IN THE HEAD. 105 slight inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes and nostrils. The affection may be acute or chronic. SYMPTOMs.-The attack is ushered in by a peculiar sensation in the nostrils, accompanied by dryness and swelling; slight difficulty of breathing, frequent sneezing, nasal voice, and loss of the sense of smell. Frequently a watery saline fluid is secreted by drops, producing soreness, dryness, and crusts upon the lips and nostrils. The discharge, which occasions more or less uneasiness, arises from the lining membrane of the nostrils. Sometimes these symptoms are preceded by a dryness and a disagreeable odor of dust, and violent pressive pain at the root of the nose and in the frontal sinus, constituting what is called an obstruction or stuffing. When the irritation within the nose is very great, it is accompanied by fever. But this circumstance in no way modifies the treatment, for the fever ceases with the disappearance of the catarrh. [TERMINATION.-The affection is in itself generally slight: but it may prepare the way for serious disorders. CAUSEs.-Exposure to damp, or to sudden and 106 COLD IN THE HEAD. extreme variations of temperature; constitutional tendency. GENERAL TREATMENT.-One of the most important means of curing and of preventing catarrhs, is to avoid extremes of temperature, and especially sudden changes. The clothing should be moderately warm. Children liable to colds ought, on returning from a walk in damp weather, to put on dry shoes without delay. Persons who are much out of doors rarely take cold; while those who are mostly confined in hot rooms, cannot withstand the slightest breath of fresh air. Children who are daily sponged with cold water seldom take cold. This practice should be commenced about the third year. It is no harm to 1" stuff a cold," unless the child be of a full habit. Barley-water and toastand-water, warm or cold, according to taste, are good drinks. Sometimes an attack may be cut short, at the outset, by placing the feet for a few minutes in hot water (960 Fahr.), and drinking a tumblerful of cold water, immediately before going to bed.] When the nose is much stuffed in infants, great benefit is derived by introducing, with a COLD IN THE HEAD. 107 soft feather, a few drops of sweet oil into the nostrils. [MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Belladonna (two globules, dry, at bed-time) is suitable at the beginning of the attack, when there is much fever, headach, and swelling of the veins of the head. This remedy, followed at intervals of twelve hours by two or three doses of Mercurius, often effects a rapid cure.] Nux vomica (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for two or three nights) is applicable when there is stuffing of the nostrils; dryness of the mouth; heat of the face, especially at night; itching of the nose; painful sensibility of the nostrils; sense of stuffing at night only; discharge from the nostrils during the day; heat and numbness of the head; general soreness; sorrowfulness, and disposition to anger. Pulsatilla (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for a few nights) is required for these symptoms:tickling in the nose, as if after taking snuff; violent sneezing; loss of the sense of smell; discharge of blood on blowing the nose; flow of fetid mucus from the nose; nostrils painful, and ulcerated; sensibility of the eyes to light; pres 108 COLIC. sive headach; disturbed sleep; silent sorrow; tearful disposition; shivering; hoarseness. Chamomilla (one globule, dry, at bed-time: one or two doses) may be given for cold arising from suppressed perspiration; flow of mucus from the nose; chaps, ulcers, and inflammation in the nostrils; pain and peeling of the lips; drowsiness; dull feeling in the head; general numbness; redness of one cheek and paleness of the other; shivering; intense thirst; sneezing. Mercurius (three globules, dry, at bed-time: two or three doses). This remedy may be given, after Belladonna, when there is an abundant discharge, with soreness of the nostrils and entire nose, and drawing rheumatic pains in the limbs. COLIC. [Synonyms.-Belly-ach, Windy Colic;-Colica, Enteralgia.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Spasm of the muscular fibres in some parts of the intestines, or distension of the bowel with flatus. The affection may be acute or chronic.] COLIC. 109 SYMPTOMS.-In children attacked with colic there is often an increased discharge of urine, followed by agitation and impatience, constant weeping, sudden screams, contortions of the face, sleeplessness, and twisting pain and retraction of the navel. The legs are bent towards the stomach; the body is twisted; and infants cannot suck in a recumbent position. The pain is relieved by pressure. [TERMINATION.-The bowels being moved, and an abatement of pain ensuing, are favorable circumstances. The unfavorable symptoms are, obstinate costiveness, the sufferings being fixed to one spot, and the pain being increased by pressure, indicating the approach of INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS (see this).] CAUSES.-A chill; worms; flatulency; improper diet; mental emotions. [GENERAL TREATMENT.-A warm bath, and hot fomentations to the abdomen, produce some relief: but the chief reliance should be placed in the appropriate homoeopathic remedies. The diet may be light and nourishing, and free from stimulants. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).- Chamomilla (one globule, dry; 110 COLIC. two or three doses, attintervals of four hours) is often suitable at the commencement of the attack, especially when this has arisen from a chill, or from a fit of passion, and when there is anxiety and restlessness; vomiting and diarrhoea of bilious matters; extremely violent pain, chiefly tearing and drawing; one cheek pale, the other red.] Nu vomica (two globules, dissolved in a teaspoonful of cold water, to be taken immediately) quickly removes colic accompanied by costiveness; sensation as of a heavy weight in the lower part of the abdomen; rumbling in the bowels; great heat; tension of the abdomen, with short, anxious, and painful breathing; sense of fulness in the abdomen; drawing, pinching, pressive pains; pressure at the navel; stupifying headach; tenderness of the abdomen to the touch; loss of consciousness; coldness of the feet during the attack. Mercurius (one globule, dry; the dose to be repeated after each attack) is very useful in colic caused by worms, and accompanied by urgent desire to vomit; copious flow of water into the mouth; contractions in the stomach, and hardness of the navel; cramps in the muscles of the 112 CONGESTION IN THE CHEST. tions of the chest; over-exertion; extremes of temperature; repression of discharges, rashes, or perspiration. [GENERAL TREATMENT.-The diet should be moderate and unstimulating. Sponge the chest night and morning with warm water. Sudden changes of temperature are injurious. Gentle exercise in the open air is of great service.] MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instruce tions, p. 78).- Belladonna (two globules, dry, at bed-time, every night till improvement sets in) is the proper remedy when there is much cough, with difficulty of breathing. Nux vomica (three globules, dry, at bed-time, every night) may be given when Belladonna appears to produce but little effect, and when there is frequent sighing. China (two globules, dry, at bed-time, twice a week) is required when there are palpitations. CONGESTION IN THE HEAD. 113 CONGESTION IN THE HEAD. [Synonym.-Determination of Blood to the Head.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Enlargement of the capillary and other blood-vessels of the brain, with partial stagnation of blood. The affection may be of long or short duration.] SYMPTOMS.-Red and puffy appearance of the face; swelling of the veins of the head; violent throbbing of the arteries; torpor; headach, increased by stooping; disturbed sleep; anxious dreams. [TERMINATION.-Congestion may end in INFLAMMIATION OF THE BRAIN (see this). CAUSEs.-Plethoric habit; tendency to cerebral disorders; mental emotions; stimulants; mechanical injuries. GENERAL TREATMENT.-A moderate and unstimulating diet is necessary; and gentle exercise in the open air is of essential service. Sponge the forehead every morning with cold water.] MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum (three globules, dry, at bed-time, for two or three nights) is the most I 114 CONGESTION IN THE HEAD. appropriate remedy to commence with in most cases. Nux vomica (two globules, dry, at bed-time, every other night till improvement sets in) may generally follow Aconite, especially when the congestion has been occasioned by a fit of passion. Belladonna (two globules, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights, for a week) is indicated when the veins of the head are much swollen; also if there is violent megrim, with shooting and burning in the head, and sensitiveness of the eyes to light. In such cases, the remedy may be given twenty-four hours after the last dose of Aconite. Arnica (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for two or three nights) is suitable when congestion arises from a mechanical injury. The wound may also be dressed with a rag soaked in a lotion made by adding ten drops of Tincthre of Arnica to a wineglassful of cold water. Dulcamara (two globules, dry, at bed-time) is useful when there is deafness, or constant buzzing in the ears. Coffea (one globule, dry, at bed-time) may be given for congestion caused by excessive joy. CONVULSIONS. 115 Ignatia (one globule, dry, at bed-time) is required in cases of concealed sorrow. Opium (four globules, dry, immediately) is given when fear has been the exciting cause of the malady. CONVULSIONS. [Synonyms.-Fits, Cramps, Spasms.\ [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Spasms of various parts, with or without fever.] SYMPTOMS.-True convulsions are always more or less dangerous, and require to be treated by a physician. They are sometimes confounded with slight cramps, which may in most cases, safely be left to the care of the ordinary attendants. Such cramps are unaccompanied by fever, or by any general derangement of health; they mostly occur during sleep, and affect only the fingers, or in a slight degree the whole body. True convulsions present these symptoms:-frequent flushes of heat over the whole body; sudden waking from light slumber, after which the child is with difficulty induced to sleep again; I 2 116 CONVULSIONS. loud screaming; universal trembling; convulsive movements of some of the limbs or muscles. [TERMINATION.-Sometimes in death: but convulsions are not always dangerous in proportion to their violence. Strong robust children are not so often attacked as the weakly: but the danger is greater in the former. Unless the exciting cause be removed, the fits are apt to return. CAUSES.-A nervous, irritable temperament; worms; exposure to cold; unwholesome food; the irritation of teething; violent purgatives; the sudden suppression of an eruption, or of an habitual discharge; flatulency; colic; costiveness; sudden fright. GENERAL TREATMENT.-During the first severe fit, loosen the child's clothes, raise the head above, the level of the body, admit fresh air, dash cold water upon the head, and at the same time place the feet in hot water. In subsequent attacks, depend chiefly on internal remedies.] MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Chamomilla (two globules, dry: the dose to be repeated in case of a fresh attack) is suitable for the slight Cramps above noticed, especially if caused by a chill, colic, or flatulency. CONVULSIONS. 117 Ignatia (three globules, dry, to be placed upon the tongue immediately after each attack) is successfully employed for the True Convulsions already described, particularly when they arise from a moral cause. Belladonna (two globules, dry, night and morning) is required for convulsions caused by teething, or by the repression of an eruption. Calcarea (two globules, dry, every night at bed-time) may be given when the teeth are late in appearing, particularly in sickly children. Mercurius (three globules to be dissolved in half a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken night and morning) is required when convulsions proceed from worms, and when, besides starting of the limbs, there is swelling or hardness of the lower part of the abdomen, with risings of clear water into the mouth, dulness of the intellect, and general weakness. 118 COSTIVENESS. COSTIVENESS. [Synonyins.-Constipation; Confined Bowels.Obstipatio, Obstructio alvi, Torpor intestinorum.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-StoolS less frequent than natural, with hard excrement, and difficult evacuation. The affection is very apt to become chronic. CAUsEs.-Sedentary habits; indigestible food; the use of aperients; paralysis, or spasm, of some part of the bowels; sometimes obliteration of the' passage. In children, the constant use of purgatives is the most frequent cause. All such remedies (and more especially the various preparations of mercury) are extremely injurious. The immediate effect of an opening medicine is, of course, to procure an artificial evacuation; but the ultimate result is obstinate constipation. At length the bowels become almost entirely paralysed, and are never moved naturally. Nor is this all: for the purgatives which sufficed at first, in due time lose their virtue, and the most powerful drugs barely produce a scanty evacua COSTIVENESS. 119 tion. When the remedies have a medicinal as well as a mechanical power, the general health quickly suffers, and the child grows into a confirmed dyspeptic. -GENERAL TREATMENT.-Thus the more costiveness is to be feared, so much the more sedulously are purgatives to be avoided. In young healthy children, the bowels are freely moved at least once or twice in twenty-four hours. But mere costiveness, unattended by other unpleasant symptoms (as headach, or pain in the stomach), may endure with perfect safety two days in an infant, and four or five days in older children. Such a condition can always be obviated by removing the exciting cause, by regular habits, and by homoeopathic remedies; while every aperient dose tends to perpetuate the evil. Violent purgatives are especially dangerous when there is a rupture, or other mechanical obstruction. The cure is materially assisted by exercise in the open air, by avoiding indigestible food and stimulating drinks, and by eating slowly. In infants, costiveness often arises from the too early use of solid food, and especially of meat. After the second year, children who suffer 120 COSTIVENESS. from costiveness may take a wineglassful of cold water night and morning, and after dinner. After the fourth year, half a tumblerful of water may be given at a time. If the child has become habituated to the use of aperients, these should be abandoned gradually, without delaying the administration of specific remedies. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-When, in spite of all dietetic and other precautions, costiveness ensues in a very young infant, inject six tablespoonfuls of tepid water or milk into the bowel. If this prove insufficient, and should the nurse also be costive, let the nurse and child each take a teaspoonful of the solution of Nzx vomica as prescribed below, and let the doses be repeated every night, at bed-time, till the obstruction is removed. This treatment is especially requisite when the nurse habitually drinks strong coffee (which she" should avoid), and when costiveness is caused by indigestible food: or when the fmeces are hard, evacuated with difficulty, and streaked with blood.] N2u vomica (two globules, dissolved in a tablespoonful of cold water, to be taken, at bed-time, COSTIVENESS. 121 every night till the bowels are freely moved) is of great service in costiveness caused by indigestible food, or by over-eating. It is likewise useful after a diarrhoea which has ceased spontaneously, or after the use of an inappropriate remedy, and when these symptoms occur:-loss of appetite; unpleasant taste in the mouth; the tongue loaded with white mucus; loathing, and nausea; cuttings and painful shootings in the lower part of the abdomen, with tension and pressure; heat; flushing of the face; stupifying headach; disturbed sleep; oppression; much heat in the lower part of the abdomen; protrusion of the bowel. Pulsatilla (two globules, dissolved in a tablespoonful of cold water, to be taken, at bed-time, every night till the bowels are freely moved) is required when, in addition to the above symptoms, there is a bitter taste in the mouth; desire to vomit; sour risings; flow. of mucus into the mouth; burning sensation in the gullet; pressive tension and pinching in the lower part of the abdomen; sallow complexion; shivering; dejection; mild and gentle disposition. [Opium (four globules, dry, at bed-time: the dose to be repeated, if necessary, in twenty-four 122 COUGH. hours) is suitable for plethoric children. Should this remedy fail, proceed to Nux vomica. Sulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for a month) is an excellent remedy inmany obstinate cases. It may be given, after any of the above medicines, to remove the tendency to costiveness.] COUGH. [Synonym.-Tussis.] [NATURE OF THE COMPLAINT.-Sudden expiration, accompanied by a more or less loud noise. The affection may be acute or chronic. SYMPToms.-A cough may be either dry or moist. It may exist alone, but more commonly accompanies fever, or some disorder of the lungs or air-passages, as HOOPING-COUGH, INFLAMMA-" TION OF THE PLEURA, INFLAMMATION OF THE BRONCHIAL TUBES (see these). In this place it will be considered as a distinct affection. TERMINATION.-Catarrhal cough is of itself rarely so severe as to occasion alarm. It may, however, end in hooping-cough, consumption, or. COUGH. 123 - inflammation of the lungs, and should, therefore, never be neglected. CAUSEs.-A chill; irritation or disease of the lungs or air-tubes; fever; indigestion. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Co1d water, linseedtea, and gum-arabic water allay the irritation of the throat, and are especially soothing when the cough is hard and dry. A moderate and uniform temperature should be maintained in the - patient's room. Fresh air, and daily sponging with cold water, are the best means of preventing colds.] MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Nux vomica (two globules, to be dissolved in a tablespoonful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken night and morning) is very efficacious for slight catarrhal coughs arising from a chill, and accompanied by roughness and scraping in the throat, with tickling in the palate; constant exhausting cough, causing, at each shock, a splitting pain in the head; sensation as of a severe bruise in the lower part of the abdomen; after coughing, a pain as of a violent blow under the ribs; difficulty of breathing at night; feeling as of a hot and heavy substance on the chest; cold in the head. 124 COUGH. Chamomilla (two globules, dissolved in a dessertspoonful of cold water, every night at bedtime) is suitable for coughs arising from passion; violent, dry cough which continues during sleep; cough excited, during the day, by a constant tickling in the larynx; sensation, while coughing, as of something rising in the throat and threatening suffocation. Hyoscyamus (two globules, dissolved in a dessertspoonful of cold water, every night at bedtime) is useful for a dry cough, worse at night, and which prevents the child from sleeping; cough which is constant when the child lies down, which ceases on his sitting up, and which compels him at short intervals to rise in order to obtain alleviation; tickling and irritation in the windpipe; convulsive cough. [Pulsatilla (three globules, dry, at bed-time, for three or four nights) is required for a moist cough, with expectoration of white, tenacious mucus, worse at night and when lying down, and accompanied by nausea, shivering, and difficulty of breathing, Ipecacuanha (two globules, dry, every night at bed-time) is good for a dry, suffocating, nocturnal cough, accompanied with nausea. CROUP. 125 Sulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time) on alternate nights: two or three doses) may follow Pulsatilla when this remedy is only partially successful, especially if the cough is still moist, and produces soreness and shootings in the chest and head, and hoarseness.] Violent fatiguing cough, with pain in the chest, expectoration of blood, and general uneasiness, requires -the immediate aid of a physician. [CROUP.] [Synonyms.-Tracheitis, Cynanche trachealis, Angina membranacea.] [NATURE OF THE DISEASE.-Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the wind-pipe, with tendency to the formation of a false membrane. It is an acute disorder. SY~PToms.-Previous to the attack, hoarseness, dry cough, wheezing, and restlessness. When the disease is established:-flushing of the face; veins of the face and neck swollen; pieces of white membrane are with difficulty expectorated; the sound made in breathing resembles the crowing of a cock; sudden attacks of shrill cough; extremely 126 CROUP. anxious countenance; great difficulty of breathing; fever. TERMINATION.-Often in death at the end of the first, second, or third day. In a few cases the attack lasts two or three weeks. The danger consists partly in threatened suffocation by the false membrane, partly in the inflammation of the respiratory organs. The difficulty of breathing being moderate, and an early and copious discharge of membrane, are favorable symptoms. Violent fever, extreme difficulty of breathing, and absence of expectoration, are unfavorable. CAUSEs.-Croup chiefly occurs in children under twelve years of age, in those who are ill fed and clothed, sickly, or enfeebled by previous illness, or who live near large sheets of stagnant water, and in damp or otherwise unhealthy localities. It may also arise from sudden changes of temperature, or from hereditary disposition. The disorder is liable to return. GENERAL TREATMENT.-After having once been affected with croup, the child should be permanently removed from all influences known to favor the disease. The success of leeches, bleeding, blisters, purgatives, tracheotomy, and other allopathic means, has been very small. The CROUP. 127 disease, though always dangerous, has often been rapidly cured by one or more of the following remedies. In all cases, it is important to treat the attack from the commencement. It is useful to anoint the throat and chest with sweet oil. In severe cases, a bread-and-water poultice may be applied to the throat. Keep the feet warm. Let the child remain in bed. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Chamomilla (two globules, dry, night and morning, for one day) may be given for cough and catarrh which threaten to run into croup. Aconitum (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every half hour till the fever begins to abate) is the remedy first required for declared croup, if there is much fever. When the skin becomes comparatively cool and moist, proceed to some other remedy, according to the symptoms. Hepar sulphuris (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every two hours, or every half hour in very severe cases) is suitable for attacks of dry, rough, hollow, barking, or crowing cough, with anguish; weak, rough voice; anxious, wheezing respiration, with threatened suffocation 128 DEAFNESS. on lying down, and sufferings which force the patient to throw his head back; unsuccessful attempts to throw up membrane and mucus. Spongia (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every two hours, or in severe cases every quarter of an hour) may follow Aconite or Hepar, when there is dry, hollow, barking, or whistling cough, day and night, but worse towards evening; wheezing respiration, and burning sensation in the chest; hoarse voice; expectoration of mucus, and rattling of mucus in the wind-pipe. Phosphorus (one globule, dry, night and morning, for a week) is useful, during convalescence, to remove weakness. It may also be given, at bed-time, twice a week, when there is a constitutional tendency to the disease. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be given at longer intervals as the symptoms abate.] [DEAFNESS.] [Synonym.-Dyseccea.] [CAUSES.-In children, deafness mostly arises DEAFNESS. 129 from a chill, from suppressed discharges or eruptions, from the abuse of mercury, from deficient or excessive secretion of wax in the ear, or in connexion with nervous and inflammatory affections. It is generally a symptom of some other disorder. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Never syringe the ears without consulting a physician. Apply cotton wool, dipped in sweet oil, to the ears every night at bed-time, and leave the wool in all night. Bathe the ears, night and morning, with warm water. Keep the feet warm. Avoid chills. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Belladonna (one globule, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights, for a week) is given to plethoric children, when there is swelling of the parotid glands, or buzzing in the ears. Also if deafness accompanies catarrh arising from a chill.. Or when it occurs after scarlet-fever. Mercurius (two globules, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights, for a fortnight) is useful for deafness accompanying rheumatism or catarrh arising from a chill. Also if the throat and the glands of the neck are swollen, or when a discharge from the nose or ears has been suppressed. Or for deafness after small-pox. K 130 DIARRH(EA. Acidum nitricum (one globule, dry, at bed-time, for two or three nights) is suitable for deafness caused by the abuse of mercury. Pulsatilla (two globules, dry, at bed-time, every night, for a week) is the best remedy for deafness occurring after measles, or accompanied by catarrh produced by wet feet. Phosphorus (one globule, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights till improvement sets in) is required for deafness arising in nervous children, or following any nervous disorder.] DIARRH(EA. [Synonyns.-Looseness of the Bowels, Purging.] NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-A too rapid, copious, and frequent discharge from the bowels. The affection is very apt to become chronic. SYMPTOM.-Many of the following symptoms often accompany diarrhcea:-partial or complete loss of appetite; pain in the stomach; swelling and tension in the lower part of the abdomen; rumbling in the bowels; cold and dry skin; thirst; urine scanty; dejection; irregular and intermittent pulse; cutting or tearing pains 132 DIARRH(EA. spasms and pressive pains in the bowels, and accompanied with pain in the stomach, risings, rumbling, and sense of weakness in the bowels. Chamomilla (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken immediately after each fluid evacuation) is required for diarrhoea caused by passion, and accompanied by a bitter taste in the mouth; violent tearing pains and spasms in the stomach, which allow the patient no repose, and which compel him to writhe, and to run in agony from place to place; sensation of fulness in the navel; sensation as if the abdomen were empty; constant movements in the bowels, or feeling as of a ball in the side; dark blue circles round the eyes; nausea; vomiting; frequent, hot, green, watery, or mucous stools, which smell like rotten eggs; risings; pressive headach; general weakness. Mercurius (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken immediately after each fluid evacuation) is useful for diarrhoea caused by exposure to night air, and accompanied by pinching in the navel; rumblings; sensation as of an approaching stool; pressure in the abdomen, and cutting DIARRH(EA. 133 pain at the lower part of it; tearing pain and extreme coldness at the lower part of the abdomen; nausea and loathing; shivering; urgent desire to go to stool, at first without result, and then frequent, copious, watery, green evacuations, with tendency to fainting. Mercurius may follow Chamomilla, when the latter produces little effect after the fifth dose. Pulsatilla (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken three times a day: four or five doses generally suffice) is indicated when diarrhoea proceeds from errors of diet, and is accompanied by loss of appetite, with dryness and slight burning in the tongue, but without thirst; bitter and salt taste in the mouth, without distaste for food; risings as of rotten eggs; hiccup; nausea, desire to vomit, and vomiting; distension of the lower part of the abdomen; colic; flatulency; constant movements of the bowels; urgent desire to go to stool; restlessness; frequent evacuations. Opium (three globules, dry; two or three doses, at intervals of six hours) quickly cures diarrhoea arising from fright, or from moral emotions in general. Dulcamara (four globules to be dissolved in a 134 DIPHTHERIA. wineglassful of cold water: a dessertspoonful to be taken three times a day) is given in diarrhoea caused by teething, especially when there is loss of appetite, and slight fever. [DIPHTHERIA.] [Synonym.-Diphtherite.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-The essential feature of diphtheria is the existence of a tough yellowish-grey membrane on the tongue, throat, and on the inside of the mouth generally. The disorder has been called " croup of the mouth." SYMPTOms.-The attack is sometimes sudden; but generally it is preceded for a day or two by chills, alternating with flushes;-also by vomiting, and sorethroat;-and by much debility. When the disease is fully established, there is a tough yellowish-grey membrane formed on a greater or lesser surface of the tongue, tonsils, and mouth generally. At first there are only a few spots, but these gradually increase in number, and sometimes produce suffocation, by. closing the larynx. There is also fever, delirium, swell DIPHTHERIA. 135 ing of the neck, excessive anguish, and extreme fetor of the breath. TERMINATION.-In favorable cases, the. spots are few and small; the neck is not swollen; the fever is slight; the strength is but little impaired; there is no delirium; a gentle perspiration ensues; and the recovery is rapid and complete. In unfavorable cases, the reverse of the above is observed, and many cases are lost within a few days, or even hours, of the commencement of the attack. The worst symptoms are extreme difficulty of swallowing; enormous swelling of the neck; furious delirium: excessive debility. CAusEs.- Diphtheria is both epidemic and contagious. It is thought to depend upon a peculiar blood-poison. Like croup, it mostly attacks persons of delicate frame, and those who live in damp, unhealthy localities. It not unfrequently accompanies scarlet-fever, and it attacks children and adults alike. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Keep the child in bed, with the head raised considerably above the rest of the body. Apply a warm linseed poultice to the neck, and renew the poultice every three hours. Keep the* feet warm. Apply, with a camel-hair pencil, every hour, a lotion consisting of warm 136 DIPHTHERIA. rennet acidulated with one or two drops of dilit-e hydrochloric acid, to the diseased parts of the mouth. For this valuable prescription, the public are indebted to the editor of the Monthly Homceopathic Review, Dr. Ryan, of Sheffield. A warm bath may be given, night and morning, the child to remain in the water (heated to 1000 Fahr.) ten minutes at a time, and then, without being dried, to be wrapped in a hot blanket, and put to bed. During the feverish stage, cold water is the best beverage. When there is much debility, and during convalescence; give jelly, beef tea, or veal tea, several times in the day. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instruce tions, p. 78.)-Aconite (four globules, dry, every three hours) should be given in the first or feverish stage of the disorder. Belladonna (three globules, dry, every houir) is in many cases the proper remedy to follow' Aconite, when the fever is beginning to abate, and when the diphtheritic spots begin to form within the mouth; especially if there is headach, delirium, inflammation of the tonsils, or difficulty of swallowing. Mercurius (three globules, dry, every hour) DROWSINESS. 137 may follow Aconite, when the glands of the neck are swollen, when there is a copious flow of fetid saliva from the mouth, with diphtheritic patches, difficulty of swallowing, and diarrhoea. Belladonna and Mercurius are the two chief remedies for diphtheria. Lachesis (two globules, dry, occasionally) may be used when the patient complains of a sensation of strangulation, with a feeling as if a band were tied tightly round the throat. Arsenicum (two globules, dry, every hour, and, during convalescence, night and morning) is required when there is extreme debility, and when there are symptoms of TYPHUS-FEVER (see this). Also during convalescence. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be given at longer intervals as the symptoms abate.] [DROWSINESS.] [Synonyms.-Lethargy, Somnolence.] [CAUSEs.-Children, especially those who grow rapidly, or who take much exercise, naturally 138 DROWSINESS. sleep more than adults. Excessive drowsiness often arises from the administration of a sleeping draught, given by the nurse to still the child's cries. TERMINATION.-Constant drowsiness demands attention, as it is one of the earliest signs of congestion, or of water in the brain. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Gentle exercise in the open air is of great service. The diet should be moderate, chiefly farinaceous, and unstimulating. The dress ought to be light and easy. Wash the head every morning with cold water. Keep the feet warm. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Belladonna (one globule, dry, at bed-time, every night, for a week) removes drowsiness depending on incipient congestion, indicated by flushed face, swelling of the veins, and violent throbbing of the arteries. Opium (two globules, dry, night and morning, for four days) is useful for drowsiness arising from fright. Or this remedy may follow Belladonna, when the latter is only partially successful.] DYSENTERY. 139 [DYSENTERY.] [Synonyms.-Bloody Flux;-Colitis, Febris dysenterica.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Inflammation of the colon, with violent mucous and sanguineous diarrhoea. It is mostly an acute disease. - SYMPTOMs.-Dysentery is generally preceded and accompanied by fever. The attack itself consists of constant and urgent desire to go to stool; severe pains in the bowels; frequent and copious evacuations of fetid mucus, often mixed with blood and pieces of membrane; burning heat and bearing down of the lower bowel; hiccup; nausea and -vomiting; excessive flatulency; cramps of the limbs; small rapid pulse; weakness and emaciation; anxiety. TERMINATION.-Often, unless checked by appropriate treatment, in death.. Warmth and moisture of the skin, the weakness being slight, and the stools becoming more natural, are favorable circumstances. Fixed pain in one spot often indicates the approach of INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS (see this). Sudden cessation of 140 DYSENTERY. pain, extremely fetid stools, blackness of the lips, hiccup, convulsions, cold sweats, livid spots on the skin, and extreme prostration, are among the signs of mortification, and are, of course, unfavorable. Under homceopathic treatment, the recovery is, mostly, rapid and complete. CAUSES.-Autumn weather; damp unwholesome localities; indigestible or putrid food; unripe fruit; sudden exposure to cold, especially after much fatigue; teething; worms; contagion. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Children who have once suffered from dysentery, ought never to live in low, marshy districts. Keep the child in bed. The diet may consist of warm toast-and-water, linseed-tea, and arrow-root, in small quantities at a time. During convalescence, sago, light broths, or beef tea, may be taken in moderation. Unwholesome food, and exposure" to cold and damp, should be carefully avoided, or a dangerous relapse may ensue. Sudden changes of temperature are hurtful. After recovery, the diet should be simple, but nutritious. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Mercurius corrosimvs (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every four hours) DYSENTERY. 141 is in a considerable number of cases the specific remedy. It is essentially useful when there are burning, bilious, fetid, greenish, or mucous stools, mixed with blood, and accompanied by severe cuttings and painful straining. Arsenicum (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every four hours) is suitable in contagious dysentery, and when typhoid symptoms arise. Also if there is extreme weakness; vomiting; "unquenchable thirst; burning evacuations; darkcolored stools. Or when symptoms of mortification occur. Arsenicum may follow Mercurius corrosivus, should the latter, after a few days, produce only slight relief. China (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every four hours) is the proper remedy for dysentery caused by marshy exhalations, or by unripe fruit. Also when the stools are white, or yellowish, and watery. Sulphur (one globule to be dissolved in six dessert-spoonfuls of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) is useful after the more urgent symptoms have been removed by other medicines, but when the evacua 142 ENGLISH CHOLERA. tions are still frequent and relaxed, and when much weakness remains. Also if there is an habitual tendency to dysentery. Aconitum (two globules, dry, every four hours) may be required, at any period of the disorder, if there is much fever, or tendency to inflammation.] [ENGLISH CHOLERA.] [Synonyms.-Cholera infantum, Gastro-enteritis mucosa.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and bowels, with bilious diarrhoea. It is an acute affection. SYMPTOMS.-Frequent evacuations of bile and mucus; thirst; cold sweats; anxiety; in severe cases, blueness of the skin; vomiting; short breathing; slight cramps of the limbs. TERMINATION.-The favorable circumstances are, the disorder having passed the fourth day, a warm moist skin, and diminished diarrhoea. Cold clammy sweat, much weakness, anxiety, hiccup, fetid purging and vomiting, and convul ENGLISH CHOLERA. 143,sions, are unfavorable occurrences. Cases that *are neglected, or treated with violent remedies, often terminate fatally. Under judicious homceoipathic treatment, death rarely ensues. CAUSEs.-Autumn weather; exposure to cold and damp; insufficient, indigestible or putrid food; unripe fruit; marshy exhalations; drastic purgatives; passion, or fright; teething; worms; fatigue. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Mild cases may be cured by keeping the skin warm, avoiding exposure to cold and damp, and limiting the diet to warm toast-and-water, arrow-root, and thin gruel, in small quantities at a time. During convalescence, give mutton-broth, toast, milkand-water, and farinaceous puddings. Keep the feet warm. Let the child remain in bed until all the symptoms begin to abate. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Chamomilla (two globules, dry, three times a day), given at the beginning of the attack, effects a rapid cure, especially if the exciting cause has been a chill, or passion, and when there are cramps, green stools, and anxiety. Pulsatilla (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken three times a day) is suitable when 144 ENGLISH CHOLERA. the disorder arises from wet feet, and when there is mucous diarrhoea, with shivering. Mercurius (one globule.to be dissolved in a tablespoonful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every night at bed-time) is useful when the complaint is caused by worms, or by teething. This remedy is often required after Chamomilla. China (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken three times a day) is given for diarrhcea which proceeds from marshy exhalations, from eating unripe fruit and other unwholesome food, and for brown evacuations, with excessive weakness. Also during convalescence. Whatever remedy be selected, the dosesshould be given at longer intervals in proportion as the symptoms abate.] [EPILEPSY.] [Synonym-.-Falling Sickness.] [NATURE OF THE FITs.-Sudden and complete loss of consciousness, with foaming and convulsions, followed by sleep. EPILEPSY. 145 SYMPTOMS.-The fit either occurs without the slightest warning, or is preceded by a cold sensation running up the body. Frequently there is little apparent disturbance of the general health. During the attack, the patient struggles, and foams at the mouth, screams, and bites his tongue. After; the attack, he falls into a deep sleep. TERMINATION.-In children the disorder is less obstinate than in adults. It occasionally disappears without evident cause, and sometimes when a cutaneous eruption or fever breaks out. Hereditary disposition to the disease is an unfavorable circumstance, and neglected or mismanaged cases are apt to become permanent. The child having been long afflicted with fits, is unfavorable. Epilepsy often yields to homoeopathic treatment. CAUsEs. - Hereditary tendency; plethoric habit.; nervous temperament; fright; violent emotions; worms; teething; excessive or suddenly-checked discharges and eruptions. GENERAL TREATMENT.-The removal of the cause, when this is possible, light and nutritious diet, moderate and easy clothing, gentle treatment, and much exercise in the open air, are of L 146 EPILEPSY. great importance. The child should be sponged all over his body with cold water, every morning. During the fit, all that can be done is to loosen the dress, and to prevent the patient from injuring himself. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See Gewneral Instructions, p. 78).-This should in all possible in. stances be confided to a physician. A few slight hints are all that can here be given. Belladonna (two globules, dry, at bed-time, once a week) is required when the child is plethoric, and has a tendency to congestion in the head, or suffers from teething;Ignatia (one globule, dry, at bed-time, twice a week) when the patient is nervous, sensitive and pale, and when vexation or ill-treatment has caused the disorder;Nux vomica (two globules, dry, at bed-time, once a week) when there is costiveness or indigestion, and when the habits are sedentary;-- Opium (four globules, dry, at bed-time, twice a week) when the child is plethoric and drowsy, and when fright has been the exciting cause;Cina (two globules, dry, at bed-time, twice a week) when the disorder is due to worms or teething; ERYSIPELAS. 147 SSulphur (two globules, dry, at bed-time, once a fortnight) in cases of long standing, with tendency to idiocy or insanity, or when the dis&ease has been excited by a chill, or by the suppression of an eruption or discharge. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be given at longer interyals during convalescence.] c [ERYSIPELAS.] [Synonyms.-Infantile Erysipelas, St. Anthony's Fire.] [NATURE OF THE DISEASE.-A peculiar, wandering inflammation of the skin. The affection is acute. SYMPTOMS.-A small, red, shining, swollen patch appears on some part of the body (generally on the trunk), quickly extends, and acquires a deeper hue; blisters occasionally form; at length the skin may blacken and peel off. Sometimes there is suppuration; mostly much fever, which in severe cases becomes typhoid; constipation, or diarrhoea; pungent heat of the L2 148 148 ERYSIPELAS. parts affected; putrid stools; offensive breath;,anxiety. TERMxINATION.-In infants erysipelas is always dangerous, and often fatal, especially under the violent treatment too frequently adopted: the patient being carried off between the third and fourteenth days. Synmptoms of typhus and gangrene, internal inflammation, stupor, the disease being protracted beyond the eighth day, and weakness from previous illness, are unfavorable circumstances. The eruption being bright red, free from blisters, and of moderate extent, and the stupor being slight and transient, are favorable. In older children, the mortality is not so great. CAUSES.-The disorder chiefly attacks infants within the first three months of life, and is most frequent and fatal when it occurs in lying-in hospitals. A plethoric habit, exposure to cold, unwholesome food, and various sources of irii*tation, are among the predisposing and exciting causes of erysipelas at all ages. GENE RAL TREATMENT.-WheII fluid oozes out, it may be absorbed hy sprinkling meal or powdered starch over the surface. Otherwise, no topical application is required. If there is fever, ERYSIPELAS. 140 the diet should be limited to thin gruel, warm or cold barley-water, and toast-and-water. The child should remain in the house while the affection lasts. During convalescence, sago, cocoa, and chicken-broth may be taken in moderation. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).--Belladonna (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) effects a rapid cure in mild cases. Or it may follow Aconite, after the fever has somewhat abated, and when there is much headach or stupor. Aconitum (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every four hours) is required at the outset, when there is fever. Two or three doses generally suffice. After Aconite, give some other remedy (mostly Belladonna), according to the symptoms. Aconite is also the proper remedy when internal inflammation ensues. Rhus toxicodendron (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every four hours) is useful when blisters appear, and especially when 150 EXCORIATION. they burst. Also when typhoid symptoms arise. (See TYPHUS-FEVER.) Lachesis (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every four hours) may follow Belladonna when the latter produces but little effect. It is also useful in severe cases, when the skin is bluish-black, or when there are large blisters. Sulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time, for three or four nights) will remove any unpleasant symptoms that may remain during convalescence. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be given at longer intervals as the symptoms abate.] EXCORIATION. [Synonyns.-Soreness of the Skin;-Interigo.] [NATURE OF THE AFFECTIoN.-Slight inflammation of the skin, with blisters.] CAUSEs.-Excoriation mostly arises from want of cleanliness, from insufficient drying after washing, from pressure, from the use of soap, or, in very fat infants, from chafing. Sometimes it occurs without evident cause. FALLING OF THE INTESTINE. 151 GENERAL TREATMENT.-The best method of curing this frequent and troublesome complaint, is by washing the child twice a day in tepid water without soap, and then thoroughly drying the skin with soft flannel, and by using soft dry linen for clothing and bedding. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Chanmomilla (one globule, dry, at bed-time, for a few nights) is a valuable remedy, especially if the child be irritable and passionate. Pulsatilla (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for a few nights) is suitable for mild and placid children. [Graphites (one globule, dry, at bed-time, twice a week) is required in obstinate cases which resist the other remedies.] [FALLING OF THE INTESTINE.] [Synonyms.-Protrusion of the Bowel;Prolapsus ani.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Protrusion of the lower end of the large intestine. TERMINATION.-The affection soon yields to 152 FALLING OF THE INTESTINE. judicious treatment. If neglected, inflammation and ulceration may ensue. CAUsEs.-Constipation, or diarrhcea; purgatives; straining; debility, either constitutional, or occasioned by long or severe illness. GENERAL TREATMENT.-The tumor is easily returned, after placing the child for two or three minutes in a warm bath, by gentle and.uniform pressure upon the protruded bowel, after this has been anointed with sweet oil. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).--Nux vomica (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for two or three nights) may be given if the child is costive, and strains much at stool. Mercurius (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for four nights) is required when diarrhoea accompanies the disorder. Sulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time, twice a week, for a month) may follow either of the above remedies, after the costiveness or diarrhoea has ceased, to prevent the tendency to relapse.] COMMON FEVER. 153 [COMMON FEVER.] [SYMPTOMS.-This is mostly a slight and transient disorder when occurring alone. It becomes important when it precedes or accompanies the various eruptive and inflammatory diseases, and -will therefore be treated of under many different heads in this work. The symptoms are the same in either case, namely, shivering, sickness, and pain in the back, followed by hot dry skin, thirst, headach, short breathing, quick full pulse, and loss of appetite. Urine scanty. At first the bowels are confined; afterwards they become relaxed, perspiration takes place, and the patient recovers. When occurring with inflammatory disorders, it often proves fatal. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Keep the patient in bed, and give him cold water to drink. During convalescence, gradually return to the usual diet. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).- Aconite (two globules to. be dis, solved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be given every two or four hours, according as the symptoms are more or less -urgent), administered at the onset of the attack, .154 FLATULENOY. saves much suffering, and has preserved many lives, even before medical aid could be obtained.] [FLATULENCY.] [NATURE OF THE CoMPLAINT.-Abundant formation of gas in the bowels. SYMPTOmS.-Fulness and tension of the abdomen; rumbling in the bowels; severe pain; accumulation, or copious discharge, of wind. CAusEs.-Indigestion; errors of diet; exposure to cold. GENERAL TREATMENT.-The diet should be moderate and plain; little or no sugar ought to be mixed with the food; and exposure to cold' must be avoided. The feet are to be kept warm, and the stomach may be rubbed with a warm hand. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Nux vomica (two globules, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights, for a week) may be given when the patient is costive. Ipecacuanha (four globules, dry, night andmorning, for a day or two) is suitable for flatu-i FRIGHT. 155 lency caused by over-feeding, and accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Pulsatilla (three globules, dry, night and morning, for a day or two) may be commenced at the end of the third day, if Ipecacuanha proves only slightly beneficial, and if there be diarrhoea and shivering. -China (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for two or three nights) is useful when, with copious emission of wind, there is much weakness, and when the disorder has arisen from eating sour fruit. S::Chamomilla (two globules, dry, every four hours) is the best remedy when there is either much pain, or diarrhoea. Carbo vegetabilis (two globules, dry, at bedtime, twice a week, for a month) may follow any of the above medicines, in order to prevent a relapse.] FRIGHT. SYMPTOMS.-Fright is a vivid and disagreeable impression excited by a real or imaginary danger. The impression acts so violently upon the mind, 156 - FRIGHT. and is so rapidly transmitted to the nervous system, that it is felt by the whole body. TERMINATION.-Fear sometimes causes loss of consciousness, fainting, stoppage of the heart's action, stiffness of the muscles, paralysis, giddi4 ness, apoplexy, and even madness. Surprise occasioned by agreeable tidings may produce similar emotions, but the effects are then generally transient. [GENERAL TREATMENT. - Timid children should be very mildly treated, and ought never to be purposely frightened. They may, however, be gently and gradually induced to overcome, if possible, their tendency to excessive fear. Rough usage invariably increases the evil.] MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Opium (two globules, dry, to be taken immediately) is the best remedy in most instances, and especially when there is tearing pain in the forehead, pressing from within outwards; sudden attacks of cold sweating; sensation as of a weight in the lower part of the abdomen; internal heat; loss of consciousness; sudden stiffening of the whole body, with asthma; trembling of the limbs, with oppression and shocks in the body; convulsive movements 4 160 HEADACH. treating, with success, the various forms of headach in a majority of instances. Aconitum (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for two or three nights) is the best remedy when the child is plethoric, and when there is a tendency to inflammation or congestion. Belladonna (two globules, dry, at bed-time: two or three doses) may follow Aconite, if at the end of three days this has been only partially successful. It is especially useful when the little patient is constantly drowsy, and if the veins of the forehead are swollen. Also when headach accompanies catarrh, or follows scarlet-fever. Ipecacuanha (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for two or three nights) is suitable for [headach accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and other gastric sufferings. Also in nervous and rheumatic cases. Chamomilla (three globules, dry: two or three doses, at intervals of six hours) is useful for headach caused by passion, and accompanied by diarrhea and flatulency. Ignatia (three globules, dry: two or three doses, at intervals of four hours) is required when the child is mild and reserved, and when the headach is due to vexation. HEADACH. 161 Nux vomica (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for a few nights) is a valuable remedy for headach depending on costiveness, or accompanying catarrh or indigestion. Also when there is nausea or vomiting; and when passion has been the exciting cause. Pulsatilla (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for a week) is an excellent medicine for mild gentle children, and especially for girls, when there is diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, giddiness, shivering, catarrh, or much gastric disturbance. It is also useful for headach accompanying rheumatism, or following measles. Coyea (three globules, dissolved in a dessertspoonful of cold water) may be given when there is much internal heat, extreme restlessness or excitement, and sleeplessness. Carbo vegetabilis (one globule, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for a month) is suitable in many obstinate chronic cases. Or it may follow any of the other remedies, with a view to prevent a relapse.] M 162 HEARTBURN. [HEARTBURN.] [Synonyms.-Blackwater, Waterbrash;-Pyrosis.] [SYMPTOMs.-A sensation of heat, or burning, which extends from the stomach to the throat; sour risings; nausea; vomiting of watery fluid. CAUsEs.-Indigestible food, and the other causes of dyspepsia. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Slight cases may be cured by taking an occasional draught of cold water, by light and moderate diet, and by much exercise in the open air. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Pulsatilla (four globules, dissolved in a teaspoonful of cold water) quickly removes heartburn accompanied by diarrhcea and sour risings. Nu. vomica (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) is required when the child is costive. Calcarea (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken every night at bed-time) 164 6HEAT-SPOTS. TERMINATION.-The affection is mostly trifling; but in sickly children danger may arise from the occurrence of typhoid symptoms. CAUSEs.-Hot weather; over-heated rooms. Heat-spots occur chiefly in very young infants: but miliary fever may arise at any age, and sometimes accompanies eruptive and other fevers. The two disorders are so similar, that they may fairly be classed under the same head. GENERAL TREATMENT.-In slight cases, attention to diet, temperature and cleanliness suffices to effect a cure. The child should be much in the open air. If there is fever, the child should be kept in bed for a day or two. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum (one globule, dry, night and morning), if taken during the early febrile stage, quickly removes the disorder. Chamomilla (two globules, dry, night and morning) is required when the vesicles are fully formed, especially if there be extreme irritability, and sour sweat. Rhus toxicodendron (two globules, dry, thrice a day) is suitable when the vesicles spread rapidly, and when there is much debility, with typhoid or eruptive fever. HICCUP. 165 Sulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time, for two or three nights) may be given during convalescence.] [HICCUP.] [Synonym.-Singultus.] [NATURE OF THE COMPLAINT.-A spasmodic action of the midriff. CAUSES.-Sudden exposure to cold air after having been in a hot room; eating too much, or too quickly; indigestion; gangrene. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Sudden changes and extremes of temperature ought to be avoided. The clothing should be moderately warm, and the diet light and unstimulating. The food should not be swallowed too rapidly. In infants, hiccup may be relieved by applying the little creatures to the breast. In older children a tablespoonful of warm milk, or of cold water, often has the desired effect.. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Belladonna (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for three nights) prevents the return of hiccup. 166 HOARSENESS. Ignatia (three globules, dry, at bed-time, for three nights) is suitable when sadness and vexation are the exciting causes. Pulsatilla (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for three nights) is required when there is diarrhoea or indigestion. Nux vomica (four globules, dry, at bed-time, every night for a week) is useful when there is indigestion, with costiveness.] HOARSENESS. [Synonym.-Raucitas.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-A peculiar condition of the mucous membrane which lines the windpipe or larynx. The affection may be acute or chronic.] SYrPToMs.-Rough and indistinct voice and cough, sometimes accompanied by pain, asthma, and rattling in the throat. When due to a chill, the disorder is mostly associated with a hard dry cough, or with expectoration of a watery, saline fluid; after a few days, much viscid white mucus is discharged. Other catarrhal symptoms often HOARSENESS. 167 occur. The hoarseness is observed only when the patient coughs or speaks, or when the lungs contract, and not during inspiration. [TERMINATION.-Hoarseness sometimes continues throughout life. More frequently, it quickly yields to judicious treatment. CAUSEs.-A chill; congestion of blood in the neighbourhood of the throat. Relaxation, or partial destruction, of the tissues of the larynx or throat. GENERAL TREATMENT.-In catarrhal or relaxed sorethroat, a gargle consisting of ten drops of Tincture of Arnica in a teacupful of cold water, may be used at bed-time, occasionally. With very young children, the above mixture may, instead, be used as a " compress " outside the throat.] MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Nux vomica (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for a few nights) is suitable for a painful dryness in the windpipe, causing cough accompanied by pain in the throat; voice hoarse, weak, deep, and dry; obstruction of the nose; slight pain while breathing; sleeplessness; at night, heat of the face and hands, with cold feet, and shivering; shivering in the afternoon, fol 168 HOARSENESS. lowed by burning heat and thirst; confusion of the head in the morning; peevishness; aversion to labor; murmurs and complaints; reproaches, and quarrelling about trifles; obstinacy. Pulsatilla (three globules, dry, every night at bed-time) is required for roughness, hoarseness, and pain at the back of the throat; roughness in the palate, with dryness of the mouth; tenderness of the throat during deglutition; cold in the head, with discharge of bloody mucus from the nose; cough, with expectoration, and pain in the chest; tickling in the throat, which excites coughing, and which is worse in the evening; shivering, with drawing pain in the limbs; fever towards evening, followed by external coldness, fatigue and depression; dry heat at night; disturbed sleep, troubled with dreams; silent, tearful, sensitive, irresolute disposition; fickleness. Mercurius (three globules, dry, at bed-time). One dose of this medicine may be given if, at the end of five or six days, the other remedies have not completed the cure. [Sulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for two months) is suitable for complete and obstinate loss of voice.] HOOPING-COUGH. 169 [HOOPING-COUGH.] [Synonym.-Pertussis.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Spasmodic cough, with whooping inspiration. The disorder occurs only once in each individual, and is mostly acute, but sometimes lasts a year or more. SYMPTOMS.-For two or three weeks before the attack, cough, hoarseness, difficulty of breathing, and the other symptoms of catarrh. Then follow slight fever, shivering, pains in the back and limbs, and depression, and the cough begins to acquire its peculiar sonorous character. When the disorder is established, attacks of convulsive cough, with whooping inspiration, followed, after expectoration or vomiting, by intervals of relief in mild cases, but by languor, headach, livid hue of the face, and debility in those which are more severe. The paroxysms may be caused by any excitement or irritation, and follow each other at intervals varying from a few minutes to several hours. The cough is worse in the evening and at night. TERMINATION.-The disorder lasts from a few 170 HOOPING-COUGH. weeks to several months. The attacks of cough. being slight, the expectoration free, and the strength little impaired, and moderate bleeding of the nose, are favorable circumstances. Severe convulsive cough, extreme weakness, difficult expectoration, high and continued fever, and the occurrence of the disease in children under two years of age, with the complication of teething, convulsions, water in the head, or bronchitis, are unfavorable. CAUSEs.-Hooping-cough is almost confined to children, and seldom occurs more than once: in each individual. But few persons escape it. It is an epidemic, and is also considered contagious. GENERAL TREATMENT.-The diet should be restricted to roast and boiled mutton in moderation, fish, sago, rice, arrow-root, cocoa, bread and milk, and cold spring water, or warm or cold barley-water. The stomach must not be overloaded. Linseed-tea, orange-juice, or gum-arabic water, is useful to allay the irritation of the throat caused by very violent coughing. As in mild cases there is seldom much disturbance of. the general health, the child may be much in the open air when the weather is fine. In severe: HOOPING-COUGH. 171 cases, the patient must be kept in the house, or even in bed. Exposure to cold, and all sources of irritation and excitement, are injurious. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instruetions, p. 78).-Aconitum (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every six hours) is required only when there is much fever. Belladonna (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken thrice a day) may be given during the premonitory catarrh, especially when accompanied by slight fever, swelling of the veins of the head, and sore throat, and when a whoop is observed in the cough. Drosera (four globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be given after each severe attack of coughing) is the best remedy when the disorder is fully established, and when the paroxysms are followed by vomiting of food or of mucus. It has also been successfully employed to remove the aftereffects of hooping-cough that had been treated allopathically. Carbo vegetabilis (two globules, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights, for a fortnight) is useful after 172 HYDROPHOBIA. the other remedies have subdued the chief symptoms, but when vomiting and convulsive cough remain. Ipecacuanha (four globules, dry, after violent vomiting: one or two doses) may sometimes follow Belladonna. Cina (three globules, dry, night and morning, for a few days) is required when worms are present. Also for convulsive cough, with sudden starts and loss of consciousness. Cuprum (four globules, dry, after each fit) is required for convulsions during hooping-cough. Veratrum (two globules, dry, night and morning, for a few days) is useful for excessive debility. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be given at longer intervals in proportion as the symptoms abate.J [HYDROPHOBIA.] [Synonyms.-Canine Madness;-Rabies canina.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Doubtful. Possibly it consists essentially of a peculiar inflam HYDROPHOBIA. 173 mation of. the brain and spinal cord. It is an acute disease. SriuProMs.-At first there is smarting in the wound. Mfter a time, restlessness; drowsiness;pains in various. parts; disturbed sleep; frightful dreams; intense anxiety; pain in the throat; oppression on the chest; threatened suffocation; extreme aversion to swallowing, or even to the- sight of any liquid; thirst; vomiting; spitting of viscid saliva; -screaming and barking: in some cases, furious madness; in others, the mind is tranquil. The wound either becomes inflamed, or closes up after a few days. TERMINATION.-When the disorder is confirmed, death almost always ensues. The slightest cause, as a breath of air, a touch, or any noise, often excites a violent attack, which may end in convulsions and death. The symptoms appear at an interval varying from three weeks to as many months, or even years, after the infliction of the bite, the health remaining unimpaired in the meanwhile. The disease itself lasts from, two to eight days. CAUSES.-The bite of a mad dog, cat, or other animal. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Dr. Constantine 174 HYDROPHOBIA. Hering, of Philadelphia, recommends the application of radiated heat, three or four times daily, until the wound is healed. The mode of operating is to hold a red-hot iron near the injured part (but without burning the skin) till the patient begins to shiver and to stretch himself, applying olive oil as often as the skin becomes dry. The operation may be continued from a quarter of an hour to an hour at a time: and whatever is discharged from the wound should be carefully removed. Such is the substance of Dr. Hering's directions. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-A few cures are recorded in allopathic works: but they have not assisted in establishing any general rules of treatment. Homceopathic remedies have, in several wellmarked cases, proved successful.* Belladonna (six globules, dry, at bed-time; between the infliction of the bite and the occurrence of hydrophobia, the dose to be repeated once a week; during the disease, every two hours, or at each return of the convulsions) is * See a case of cure reported by Dr. Leadam, in the British Journal of Homoaopathy, Vol. VII., p. 145. INCONTINENCE OF URINE. 175. said by Hahnemann to be a certain preventive against hydrophobia. When the disorder is fully developed, Belladonna is generally the best remedy, but especially if there is a flow of viscid saliva from the mouth; desire to bite and to tear everything; threatened suffocation on attempting to swallow any fluid; extreme redness and puffiness of the face; violent madness; stupor; burning thirst. Lachesis (three globules, dry, at each return of the convulsions) may follow Belladonna, should the latter prove only partially successful at the end of eighteen hours. It is also useful for extreme nervous irritability; excessive dejection; violent convulsions; attacks of suffocation, especially on lying down, or when the neck is touched. Hyoscyamus, Mercurius, Stramonium, and Veratrum have been recommended under some circumstances.] [INCONTINENCE OF URINE.] [Synonyms.-Wetting the bed;--Enuresis.] [NATURE OF THE AFFECTION.-Involuntary or too frequent discharge of urine.-The disorder is often of long duration. 176 INCONTINENCE OF URINE. CAUSES.-Spasm, or paralysis, of the bladder. General debility. Sometimes there is no evident cause. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Nourishing diet, and much exercise in the open air, are of essential service. The quantity of fluid taken during the day should be moderate, and no drink ought to be allowed towards bed-time. Regular habits, or, if necessary, threatened punishment, often remove the inconvenience. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Pulsatilla (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for two or three nights) generally suffices in recent cases, or when spasm of the bladder is suspected. Nux vomica (three globules, dry, at bed-time, for three nights) may be substituted, at the end of a few days, should Pulsatilla prove insufficient. Cicuta (one globule, dry, three times a day: five or six doses) is the proper remedy when the complaint arises from paralysis of the bladder. Belladonna (one globule, dry, three times a day: two or three doses) is sometimes required, after Pulsatilla, when there is spasm of the bladder.] INDIGESTION. 177 INDIGESTION. [Synonyms.-Derangement of the Stomach;Dyspepsia.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Slow and difficult digestion. The affection may be acute or chronic.] SYMPTOMS.-Sour risings; after-taste of food; loathing; want of appetite; pressure, heaviness, and pain in the stomach, with fulness and swelling; trembling of the lower lip; giddiness; heaviness of the head; tickling or scraping in the throat; frequent spitting; disagreeable taste in the mouth; loaded tongue; desire to vomit; heartburn; pains as from bruises; sensation of weakness; anxiety; face pale and puffed, or covered with spots of various.colors; offensive breath; discharge of fetid wind; disordered bowels; sometimes mucus in the urine; bilious symptoms. TERMINATION.-The symptoms often occur a few hours after a meal, and soon end in sour and sometimes green vomiting of food. Want of appetite, pain in the stomach, and diarrhoea mostly remain for some days. In other cases, N 178 INDIGESTION. the symptoms resemble those of poisoning, but are more transient. [Unless the exciting cause be removed, the child may grow into a confirmed dyspeptic and hypochondriac.] CAusEs.-Over-feeding; food or drink of a heavy, indigestible, fat, sour, or flatulent nature, or of bad quality. [Too much bodily or mental exertion; hot rooms; warm and relaxing drinks; purgatives and narcotics; eating too quickly; exposure to cold and damp; sedentary habits. GENERAL TREATMENT.-The food should be light and moderate, of a mixed animal and vegetable nature; and perfect mastication is essential. Cold spring water is the best drink. Greasy, sweet, and sour articles of diet are injurious. A small quantity of ripe fruit, raw or cooked, may occasionally be taken. Free ventilation and regular exercise in the open air are of the utmost importance. Damp and cold air should be avoided, and all depressing circumstances removed. The meals ought tobe taken at regular, moderate intervals. Much intellectual exertion is hurtful.] MEDIcINAL TREATMENT (See General Instrutctions, p. 78).-Arnica (two globules, dry, at bedtime, every night for a week) is suitable for INDIGESTION. 179 general and constant nervous excitement caused by vexation or bodily fatigue, and accompanied by giddiness; feeling of weakness in the head, especially above the eyes; loss of consciousness; heat of the head [and coldness of the limbs]; tongue dry; putrid, sour, or bitter taste in the mouth; oifensive breath; loss of appetite; desire for,acids; yellow fur on the tongue; risings of food; fulness at the navel; nausea; desire to vomit; fluttering of the heart; flatulency; colic; swelling of the abdomen; weakness and uneasiness; heaviness of the limbs; sensation as of a bruise in the knees; disturbed sleep; frequent and sudden waking; anxious, painful dreams. Nux vomica (three globules, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights, for a week) may be given when there is obstinate costiveness, with lowness of spirits. Chamomilla (one globule, dry, to be taken immediately, and, if necessary, to be repeated in eight hours) is suitable when passion is the exciting cause, and when there is heat and redness of the face; painful weakness of the head; redness and burning in the eyes; general nervous excitement; extreme sensitiveness; want of appetite; constant bitter taste in the mouth; bilious N2 180 INFANTILE REMITTENT FEVER. risings; vomiting of green bilious matters; relaxed bowels; colic; dejection; disturbed sleep; frequent waking. Pulsatilla (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for two or three nights) may be given twelve hours after the last dose of Chamomilla, should the latter produce but slight improvement. It is also suitable for indigestion caused by greasy, flatulent, incongruous food; sour, bitter, or salt taste in the mouth; taste resembling that of tallow or putrid fish; accumulation of mucus in the mouth; scraping in the throat; bilious risings; want of appetite; repugnance to hot food; distension of the stomach; swelling of the abdomen; tension under the lower ribs; rumbling in the bowels; shivering; sadness; drawing sensation in the limbs; ill-humor; vexation. [INFANTILE REMITTENT FEVER.] [Synonyms.--Ifantile Gastric Fever, Infantile Hectic Fever, Low Fever of Children, Stomach Fever, Worm Fever.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Inflammatory fever which is increased every day towards even 182 INFANTILE REMITTENT FEVER. lead to mesenteric disease (see WASTING), WATER IN THE HEAD (see this), or even consumption. CAUSEs.-Hot and ill-ventilated rooms; cold or damp; insufficient or unwholesome food; over-feeding; worms; teething; diarrhcea, or costiveness. GENERAL TREATMENT.-In very young infants, warm milk-and-water forms the best diet. Children of more advanced age may take ricemilk, sago, milk gruel, cold spring water, and warm or cold barley-water; during convalescence, chicken-broth or beef-tea. Unless the child is very weak, it is not necessary to keep him in bed. The patient's room should be cool and well ventilated. For some time after recovery, strict attention to diet and temperature is necessary. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum (two globules, dissolved in a dessertspoonful of cold water) may be given at the beginning of the hot dry stage. Chamomilla (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) may follow Aconite on the second or third day, when there is diarrhcea or vomiting, with colic, flatu -INFANTILE REMITTENT FEVER. 183 lency, constant agitation, disturbed sleep, heat at night, thirst, and flushed face, or redness of one cheek and paleness of the other. Nux vomica (four globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) may follow Aconite, on the second, or third day, when there is costiveness; nausea; fever in the morning and at night; straining; evacuation of bloody mucus. Ipecacuanha (four globules, dry, after each attack of vomiting) is suitable for plethoric.sensual children, and for sufferings from overfeeding, or from eating greasy food, especially if vomiting and purging predominate. Pulsatilla (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) is useful when the feverish attacks, though slight, recur regularly every evening, and when they last till the next morning. Also for shivering; nausea; diarrhcea of slimy matters; sadness; swelling of the abdomen. China (one globule, dry, at bed-time, thrice a week) is the best medicine during convalescence, especially if there is much diarrhoea, or extreme weakness, languor, and fretfulness.] 184 INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS. [INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS.] [Synonym.-Enteritis.] [NATURE OF THE DISEASE.-Inflammation of the peritoneal coat of the bowels, more or less involving the other coats. It may be acute or chronic. SYMPTOMs.-Shooting and twisting pain around the navel, increased by the slightest pressure; fever; various gastric sufferings; hard, contracted, fre. quent pulse; scanty, high-colored urine. TERMINATION.-In the formation of an abscess; or in gangrene and death within twelve hours in some cases, the fatal result being often hastened by leeches, blisters, and other weakening remedies; or, if treated properly from the outset, generally in recovery. Warm moist skin, gradual abatement of all the symptoms, and the pain moving from one part to another, are favorable circumstances. Sudden cessation of pain, livid hue of face, hiccup, fixed pain, convulsions, and delirium, are unfavorable, denoting the occurrence of gangrene, and approaching death. An acute attack may last from a few days to three weeks, or chronic inflammation may ensue. INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS. 185 CAUsES.-Rupture; irritant poisons; costiveness; colic. The disease may also occur as a complication of eruptive and other fevers, and is sometimes combined with inflammation of the stomach, than which it is much more frequent. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Keep the patient in bed as long as there is much fever or pain. Hot fomentations to the abdomen produce temporary relief. The diet may consist of arrow-root, gruel, milk-and-water, and warm barley-water; during convalescence, sago, rice, and tapioca may be added; and afterwards chicken-broth or beef-tea. In this affection, the food should be taken in small quantities at a time. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every three hours) is in most cases the principal remedy. Three or four doses generally subdue the fever and inflammation. Belladonna (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be given thrice a day) may follow Aconite, a few hours after the inflammation has begun to abate, when there is intense thirst; redness of 186 INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN. the margin of the tongue; flushed face; headach; swelling of the veins of the head; soreness of the abdomen; delirium. Lachesis (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) may generally be given twelve hours after the last dose of Belladonna, especially when there is costiveness, with violent cutting pain in the abdomen, which is hard and contracted, or distended with wind. Lachesis (two globules, dry, at bedtime, twice a week) is also suitable during convalescence.] INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN. [Synonyms.-Brain Fever;-Encephalitis, Phrenitis.] [NATURE OF THE DISEASE.-Morbid vascularity of a part or the whole of the brain. The disorder is acute.] SYMPTor s.-Heat and heaviness of head; face red and puffed; eyes red and staring; extreme sensibility and irritability; loss of consciousness; coma; delirium; spasms; grinding of the teeth; TNFTAMMATTON OF THTE BRRAIN. 187 picking of the nose; desire to hide the head under the pillow and restlessly to seize all surrounding objects; strong beatings of the vessels of the neck; absence of thirst; great heat; hard and rapid pulse; sinking of the abdomen; costiveness, or sometimes slight diarrhoea; extremely violent headach. This disease is much more dangerous in children than in adults, and, when fully developed, the cure is difficult. It is, therefore, important to be acquainted with the symptoms which precede the attack, such as congestion in the head; pain and heaviness in the head; ill-humor, restlessness, and anxiety; earach; sensitiveness of the eyes to light; costiveness; nausea, and sometimes vomiting; drowsiness, or sleeplessness; fright during sleep. [TERMINATION.-If not arrested at the outset, often in coma, delirium, and death at the end of a few days; or in typhus, with extreme weakness; sometimes in water in the head, idiocy, or insanity. Warm moist skin, slight diarrhcea or bleeding of the nose, calm sleep, and diminution of fever, are favorable symptoms. Coma, convulsions, involuntary evacuations, foaming at the mouth, hot dry skin, scanty urine, and very violent headach, are unfavorable. 188 INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN. CAUSEs.-Sudden changes of temperature; teething; repression of eruptions or discharges; sudden emotions; violent exercise; blows on the head; worms. The affection often occurs as a complication of eruptive and other fevers. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Keep the head (which, in severe attacks, must be shaved) constantly wet with ice-cold water. During the height of the attack, the patient may take cold spring water, or warm or cold barley-water. When the fever begins to abate, sago, arrow-root, and milkand-water may be added; and, during convalescence, chicken-broth. The child should, if possible, be kept in bed during the attack. The patient's room should be cool, quiet, and dark.] MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum (one globule, dissolved in a dessertspoonful of cold water). Although the services of a physician are indispensable in this disease, yet it is of great importance to lose no time. When, therefore, the practitioner cannot attend immediately, a dose of Aconite should be given without a moment's delay. [Belladonna (four globules to be dissolved in half a tumblerful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be given every four hours) is the specific remedy in most cases. It may be com INFLAMMATION OF THE BRONCHI. 189 menced about four hours after the fever has begun to abate under the use of Aconite. Cina (one globule, dry, at bed-time, every third night, for a fortnight) is sometimes useful after Belladonna has removed the more violent symptoms, and especially when the child is troubled with worms. Also during convalescence, for extreme weakness, with tendency to convulsions. Opium (two globules, dry, at bed-time, twice a week, for three weeks) may be given to children of full habit, who have once had an attack, and when a second is threatened.] [INFLAMMATION OF THE BRONCHIAL TUBES.] [Synonyms. -Bronchial Catarrh, Cold in the Chest, Pulmonary Catarrh, Suffocative Catarrh;Bronchitis.] [NATURE OF THE DISEASE.-Inflammation of the mucous membrane which lines the bronchial tubes. It may be acute or chronic. SYMPTOMS.-Constriction and oppression of the chest; wheezing and difficulty of breathing; no 190 INFLAMMATION OF THE BRONCHI. increase of pain on drawing a long breath; violent cough; expectoration of white tenacious mucus, sometimes tinged with blood; rattling of mucus in the chest; all the indications of fever and severe cold; the symptoms are worse towards evening. In acute cases there is fever. The sound produced by light tapping with the end of the finger upon the chest is clear, or somewhat duller than in health. The ear (or stethoscope), applied to the chest, discovers a loud hissing sound in the first stage, and afterwards mucous rattling. TERMINATION.-In mild cases, all the symptoms begin to abate on the fifth or sixth day. When the disorder is violent, it may destroy life in a day or two, or it may become chronic. Diminished oppression of the chest, easy expectoration, and gentle perspiration, are favorable occurrences. Prolonged shivering, laborious and painful respiration, and extreme oppression, are unfavorable. CAUsEs.-Exposure to cold and damp; various sources of irritation; fatigue. The disease often arises in the course of fevers, hooping-cough, and eruptive affections. GENERAL TREATMENT.-If there is fever, keep INFLAMMATION OF THE BRONCHI. 191 the patient in bed. Linseed-tea relieves the irritation caused by the constant hard cough. The thirst may be assuaged by cold spring water, or by barley-water or toast-and-water, warm or cold. When the fever and chest symptoms decline, sago and gruel may be taken; during convalescence, beef-tea or light broth, may be added. Sudden changes, or extremes, of temperature often induce a relapse. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every three hours) is suitable at the commencement of the attack, when there is much fever, with wheezing. Belladonna (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every three hours) may follow the last dose of Aconite by four hours, when there is spasmodic cough which threatens suffocation, and which is worse at night; splitting headach; rattling in the chest; redness of the face. Ipecacuanha (four globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken after each severe fit of coughing) is suitable for fat sensual children, when the cough f-p 192 INFLAMMATION OF THE EARS. is spasmodic and suffocating, and accompanied by nausea and vomiting, by bleeding from the nose or mouth, or by difficulty of breathing. Calcarea (one globule, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights, for a week) is useful during convalescence, especially if the child be scrofulous or plethoric, and if there is much moist cough, with expectoration of mucus. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be repeated at longer intervals as the symptoms abate.] [INFLAMMATION OF THE EARS, AND EARACH.] [Synonyms.-Otitis, and Otalgia.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Inflammation of the external or internal ear, or of both. The affection is generally acute. SYMPTOMs.-Violent pain in the ear; sometimes discharge from the ear; sensitiveness of the external opening of the auditory passage; fever. TERMINATION.-Neglected cases may end in INFLAMMATION OF THE EARS. 193 partial or complete deafness; or (in scrofulous children) chronic discharges from the ear may ensue. -CAUSES.-Sudden changes of temperature; scrofula. Earach often exists in connexion with toothach, or as a nervous symptom. GENERAL TREATMENT.- Fomentation with warm water affords temporary relief in many cases. Hot rooms, and currents of cold air, are injurious. For plethoric children, and when there is high fever, barley-water or cold spring water, sago, and gruel form the proper diet. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) is suitable for earach arising from inflammation or from a dry chill; shooting and tearing pain from the ears to the throat; sensitiveness to the slightest noise; congestive headach. Pulsatilla (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) is useful when the affection has been caused by wet feet or by exposure to damp weather; also for heat, swelling and redness of the external ear; insup0 194 INFLAMMATION OF THE EARS. portable pain on one side of the head; shivering; sadness. Chamomilla (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) may follow Aconite, after the inflammation has somewhat abated, when there is redness of one cheek, paleness of the other; violent cutting pain in the ear; sensitiveness to the slightest noise; irritability, and impatience of pain; sufferings caused by exposure to an east wind. Mercurius (two globules, dry, night and morning, for four days) is an excellent remedy, after Pulsatilla or Chamomilla, for a scrofulous dischargefrom the ear; sensation of coldness in the ear; increase of the sufferings from exposure to hot air; toothach; swelling of the face; deafness. Given dry, at bed-time, twice a week for a fortnight, it tends to prevent a relapse.] INFLAMMATION OF THE EYES. 195 INFLAMMATION OF THE EYES AND EYELIDS. [Synonyms.-Ophthalmia, and Blepharitis.] [NATURE OF THE DisEASE.-Inflammation of the entire eye-ball, or of one or more of its coats, and sometimes of the eyelids. It may be acute or chronic. SYMPToMs.-Bright red or pink color of one or both eyes; heat and severe pain in the eyes, and often into the head; extreme sensitiveness to light; the child hides its head under the pillow; dryness of the eyes, or copious secretion of fluid; eyelids red and painful; fever. STERMINATION.-In slight cases, and under judicious treatment, the disorder generally ceases in a few days. Severe and neglected cases sometimes end in inflammation of the iris, with Sdischarge of pus and blood, and total blindness. CAUSEs.-Blows; foreign substances under the eyelids; sudden changes of temperature; violent stoppage of eruptions or discharges; extremely bright light; excessive exertion of the 0 2 196 INFLAMMATION OF THE EYES. eyes. Chronic inflammation often occurs in scrofulous children. GENERAL TREATMENT.-The diet should consist of gruel, arrowroot, cold spring water, and warm or cold barley-water. The eyes may be bathed three times a day with tepid water. If the disorder has arisen from a mechanical injury, the eyes may be bathed three times a day with a lotion formed by adding two drops of Tincture of Arnica to a tablespoonful of tepid water. The patient's room should be nearly dark, and draughts carefully excluded.] MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum (two globules, dissolved in a dessertspoonful of cold water) removes severe inflammation caused by a foreign body under the eyelid. In slight cases, the removal of the foreign body is of itself sufficient to effect a cure. Aconite is also suitable for ophthalmia caused, in new-born infants, by the sudden application of a bright light, and when there is an abundant glutinous secretion. If the eye becomes red and swollen, if the humor is tinged with blood, and the child is very restless, or if the disorder frequently returns, it is necessary to consult a physician. INFLAMMATION OF THE EYES. 197 Belladonna (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) is required for catarrhal inflammation, with redness of the margins of the eyelids, burning and pressure in the eyes, and extreme sensitiveness to light. ' [Sulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for a month) is useful for chronic inflammation, or in case of frequent relapses, such as often occur in scrofulous children. It may also follow Aconite or Belladonna, after the more violent symptoms of an acute attack have disappeared. Sulphur is likewise suitable for swelling of the glands of the neck, or when such swellings have been suddenly repressed. Arnica (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) is suitable, after Aconite, for inflammation arising from a blow. At the same time, the eye may be bathed with an arnicated lotion, as above described (p. 196). SPulsatilla (four globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) is proper for inflammation caused by a chill, and 198 INFLAMMATION OF THE LARYNX. accompanied by redness of the margins of the eyelids; dryness of the eyes, or profuse lachrymation; confused sight, as if owing to something that might be removed by rubbing. Arsenicum (one globule to be dissolved in half a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken every night at bed-time) is required in very severe cases, when there is violent burning pain, and copious discharge of acrid tears; tendency to ulceration, with bleeding. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be repeated at longer intervals as the symptoms abate.] [INFLAMMATION OF THE LARYNX.] [Synonym.-Laryngitis.] [NATURE OF THE DISEASE.-Inflammation of the mucous membrane which lines the larynx. It may be acute or chronic. SYMPTOMS.-After more or less premonitory fever, there is convulsive cough, with hoarseness; constant hawking; difficult expectoration of tough INFLAMMATION OF THE LARYNX. 199 mucus; pain, tenderness,, and constriction of the, larynx; asthma; difficulty of swallowing, followed by convulsive cough; pain, redness and swelling of the throat; face livid and anxious; voice husky, shrill, or lost; fever; small frequent pulse; agitation; sleeplessness; threatened suf, focation. This disorder is sometimes mistaken for croup. TERMINATION.-Often in death within a few hours. The unfavorable symptoms are, extreme difficulty of breathing, violent convulsions, and qwelling and lividity of the face. Gradual de, crease of all the sufferings is favorable. CAUSES.--Exposure to wet or cold; scalding or corrosive fluids; poisonous gases. The disorder, which is rare in children, sometimes arises in the course of measles, small-pox, scarlet-fever, and hooping-cough. GENERAL TREATMENT.-When immediate suffocation is threatened, an opening into the larynx should be made by a surgeon. But the early use of appropriate medicines obviates the necessity for this extreme measure. Keep the child in bed. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum (three globules to be INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. 201 [INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS.] [Synonyms.-Peripneumonia, Pneumonia, Pulmonitis.] [NATURE OF THE DISEASE.-Acute inflammation of the substance of the lungs. SYMPTOMs.---Much fever at the beginning, and often throughout the attack; pungent heat of the chest; flushed face; headach; small quick (pulse; thirst; furred tongue; weakness; dull deep-seated pain in the chest; breathing quick; small dry cough, but, after two or three days, expectoration of viscid rusty matters. The inflammation often extends to the pleura (see INFLAMMATION OF THE PLEURA), and may affect ýone or both sides of the chest. SThroughout the disease, percussion (tapping upon the chest with the end of the finger) produces a dull sound. The lower lobes of one or both lungs are the parts generally affected. In the first stage of the affection (that of congestion), 'the stethoscope or ear applied to the chest reveals a crackling sound; in the second stage (that of hepatization), an unnaturally loud sound ac 202 INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. companies respiration; in the third stage (that of suppuration) rattling as of mucus is distinctly heard. TERMINATION.-Not unfrequently in death; but cases treated homceopathically are more rarely lost than those treated by the ordinary system. Warm moist skin, moderate diarrhcea or bleeding of the nose, a sediment in the urine, an eruption on the skin, and diminished frequency of respiration, are favorable symptoms. In comparatively mild cases, the disorder may be expected to disappear on or before the fourteenth day. Symptoms of gangrene of the lungs, typhus, sudden cessation of pain, hiccup, duration of the attack beyond the fourteenth day, the occurrence of the disease in very young infants, and both lungs being affected, are unfavorable circumstances. CAUSES.-Changes of temperature; plethoric habit; extreme fatigue; constitutional tendency. The disorder often occurs during measles, scarletfever, and small-pox. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Keep the patient in bed while there is fever. In case of much oppression, apply a warm bread-and-water poultice to the chest, and change the poultice every three INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. 203 hours. Gruel, arrow-root, and cold spring water, or warm or cold barley-water, form the best diet. During convalescence, chicken-broth or beef-tea may be allowed. Care must be taken to avoid all stimulants, and also changes of temperature. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken every three hours) is suitable at the beginning of the attack, when the fever runs high. Belladonna (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every four hours) may follow Aconite when the fever begins to subside.. Bryonia (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every six hours) may generally follow Aconite or Belladonna, when the skin becomes comparatively cool and moist, and when the bowels are confined.. Sulphur (one globule to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every four hours) is suitable in the second and third stages of the disease. Phosphorus (three globules to be dissolved in 204 INFLAMMATION OF THE MOUTH. a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every four hours) may be given if Sulphur seems, after the third day, to produce little effect. Dr. Fleischmann, of Vienna, employs Phosphorus, exclusively, in all stages of the disorder, with great success. This medicine may also be given (two globules, dry, at bed-time, twice a week) during convalescence. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be taken at longer intervals as the symptoms decline.] [INFLAMMATION AND GANGRENE OF THE MOUTH.] [Synonyms.-Canker or Scurvy of the Mouth, Millet, Muguet;-Cancrum oris, Gangrena oris, Stomacace, Stomatitis.] [NATURE OF THE DISEASE.-Acute or subacute inflammation of the mucous membrane which lines the mouth, sometimes with ulceration or gangrene. SYMPTOMS.-Redness, heat, and swelling of the lining membrane of the mouth; sometimes dryness of the mouth, but more frequently pro INFLAMMATION OF THE MOUTH. 205 fuse flow of saliva; disordered bowels. The inflammation occasionally extends to the stomach and bowels, and may be accompanied by slight fever. To this state of things may be added ulceration or gangrene of the parts affected. THRUSH (see this) is also a form of the same disorder, but will more conveniently be considered in a distinct chapter. TERMINATION.-All the above varieties are, under adverse circumstances, often fatal. The appearance of ulceration or of gangrene, and the extension of the disorder to the stomach, are unfavorable occurrences. If neglected, the malady may become chronic. CAUsEs.-Debility; scrofulous habit; insufficient or unwholesome food; extremes of temperature; crowded and ill-ventilated dwellings; early. infancy. GENERAL TREATMENT.-The patient must be kept in bed until all the symptoms begin to decrease. During the inflammatory stage, arrowroot, gruel, and warm barley-water form the proper diet. Should ulceration or gangrene arise, and be accompanied by much weakness, beef-tea and chicken-broth may be added. Linseed-tea tends to allay the local irritation. The mouth 206 INFLAMMATION OF THE MOUTH. should be washed, twice or thrice daily, with tepid water. During and after convalescence, ripe fruits and other vegetable food are allowed. Too much attention cannot in this disease be paid to cleanliness and ventilation. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Mercurius (four globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) is suited to all forms of the complaint, and generally effects a cure without the aid of any other remedy. It is especially useful when there is an abundant flow of fetid saliva. Nux vomica (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) is, however, required when the child is costive, irritable, and passionate, or dull and emaciated. Arsenicum (one globule to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken thrice a day) may be given when there is burning pain, diarrhoea, extreme debility, and tendency to gangrene or ulceration. Sulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time, twice a week) is useful during convalescence, or in case of a relapse. INFLAMMATION OF THE PLEURA. 207 Whatever remedy be selected,, the doses should be given at longer intervals as the symptoms abate.] [INFLAMMATION OF THE PLEURA.] [Synonyms.-Pleurisy;-Pleuritis.] [NATURE OF THE DIsEASE.-Iuflammation of the serous membrane which lines the cavity of the chest and invests the lungs, with effusion of coagulable lymph. The affection may be acute or chronic. SYMPTOMS.-For a few days before an acute attack, all the symptoms of fever, with oppression of the chest. During the attack, sharp shooting pains in the side, increased by drawing a deep breath, or by lying on the affected side; short anxious breathing; small dry cough, with sharp pain in the chest; pulse hard, wiry, and frequent; enlargement of the side; fever. In some severe cases, however, many of the above symptoms are absent, and then the ear alone can detect the nature of the disease. At first, percussion on the most depending part of the affected side gives an unnaturally dull sound; as the effusion of lymph advances, dulness on 208 INFLAMMATION OF THE PLEURA. percussion is heard over a larger surface. The sound produced by breathing is diminished, and accompanied by a friction sound. When a thin layer of fluid has been deposited, (agophony and bronchophony are noticed: that is, when the ear or stethoscope is applied to the affected part, the patient's voice sounds like the bleating of a goat, and is much louder than natural. The inflammation often involves the substance of the lungs (see INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS), and may exist on one or both sides of the chest. TERMINATION.-In comparatively mild cases, the fever and pain diminish about the fourth day: but the local inflammation remains some time longer. Adhesions of the pleura often take place; and the acute disorder may become chronic. The disease attacking weak and otherwise diseased persons, both sides of the chest being implicated, the occurrence of hectic fever, and dropsical effusion, are unfavorable circumstances. Neglected cases often end fatally. CAUSEs.-Cold; fever; weakness; tendency to pulmonary affections; mechanical injuries; inflammation of neighbouring parts. The disorder sometimes arises in the course of eruptive maladies. INFLAMMATION OF THE PLEURA. 209 GENERAL TREATMENT.-The diet may consist of arrow-root, thin gruel, cold spring water, and warm or cold barley-water. During convalescence, beef-tea and chicken-broth are useful. The patient's room should be moderately warm, well ventilated, but free from draughts. Keep the child in bed while there is fever or pain. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78)---Aconitum (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every three hours), when given at the beginning of the attack, suffices, in most cases, to effect a cure. Bryonia (two globules to be dissolved in a wine4glassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) is, however, required when the first symptoms have been neglected. Or it may be commenced six hours after the last dose of Aconite, when the latter has checked the fever, but leaves the other symptoms untouched. Sulphur (two globules, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights) is useful during convalescence, when slight pain in the chest is caused by the open air, or by moving the body. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be taken at longer intervals as the symptoms decline.] P 210 INFLAMMATION OF THE STOMACH. [INFLAMMATION OF THE STOMACH.] [Synonym.- Gastritis.] [NATURE OF THE DISEASE.-Inflammation of the mucous membrane which lines the stomach. It may be acute or chronic., SYMPTOMS.-Sharp fixed pain and burning heat in the stomach, increased by gentle pressure, and by food; small, quick, hard, irregular pulse; extreme weakness; vomiting; thirst; tongue red over the entire surface; anxiety; hiccup; costiveness, or sometimes diarrhoea; fever; cold feet. TERMINATION.-Gradual abatement of all the symptoms on the third day is a favorable circumstance. An acute attack continuing beyond the fourth day, shivering, constant hiccup, and sudden cessation of pain, are unfavorable. Ulceration, suppuration, and gangrene sometimes occur. If the early symptoms are neglected, or if leeching, bleeding, and other violent measures are adopted, death not unfrequently ensues. Or the disorder may become chronic. CAUSES.-Exposure to cold, or drinking cold fluids, when the body is heated or fatigued; acrid INFLAMMATION OF THE STOMACH. 211 poisons; sudden stoppage of discharges or eruptions; indigestible food; mental emotions. The disease may arise during Asiatic cholera and various eruptive and other fevers, and is mostly combined with inflammation of the bowels, than which it is much less frequent. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Keep the child in bed while there is fever and pain. Foment the stomach, night and morning, with warm water. The patient may occasionally drink a small quantity of iced water, to allay burning pain. Thin gruel, linseed-tea, and warm barley-water, in small quantities at a time, form the best diet. During convalescence, arrow-root and sago may be added, and afterwards beef-tea or chickenbroth. Solid meat, stimulating and indigestible food, and exposure to cold, ought to be carefully avoided for a considerable period after recovery. The patient's room should be cool and well ventilated. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instuctions, p. 78).-Aconitum (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be given every two hours) is required at the beginning of the attack. Bryonia (three globules to be dissolved in a P2 212 INFLAMMATION OF THE STOMACH. wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every three hours) may generally follow, by two hours, the last dose of Aconite, especially when the disease has arisen from a chill, or from cold drinks. Also if there is costiveness, or diarrhcea and costiveness alternately. Ipecacuanha (two globules, dry) may be given at any stage of the disorder, when violent vomiting occurs, and when the attack has been caused by indigestion, by cold drinks, or by a chill. Arsenicum (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every six hours) is suitable in very severe cases, when there is extreme weakness, violent burning pain in the stomach, icy coldness of the limbs, livid face, vomiting and diarrhcea. It is also useful when the attack has been caused by eating ice. Belladonna (two globules to,be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every two hours) must be given if drowsiness and other head symptoms occur. China (one globule, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights) is required during convalescence, especially when there is weakness, with diarrhcea, and coldness of the limbs. INFLAMMATION OF THE THROAT. 213 Nuvx vomica (two globules, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights) is suitable, during convalescence, when the bowels are confined. Or it may follow Aconite, when costiveness, nausea, and headach accompany inflammation caused by indigestion: but must then be given in solution, every four hours, for three or four days. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be given at longer intervals as the symptoms abate.] INFLAMMATION OF THE THROAT. [Synonyms.-Sorethroat, Catarrhal or Inflamnmatory Sore-throat, Quinsy;-Angina faucium, Cynanche tonsillaris, Tonsillitis.] NATURE OF THE DISEASE. - Inflammation of the tonsils and of the mucous membrane at the back of the throat. It may be acute or chronic. SYMPTOMs.-Redness, heat, and swelling of the back of the throat; hoarseness; difficult and painful deglutition; tickling and irritation in tho throat; expectoration; fever. TERMINATION.-An acute attack may end in 214 INFLAMMATION OF THE THROAT. chronic disorder; or there may be frequent relapses. [It sometimes terminates in suppuration or ulceration. But gangrene (see PUTRID SORETHROAT) is the result most to be feared. Otherwise the disease is troublesome rather than dangerous. CAUsEs.-Cold; checked perspiration; sudden stoppage of discharges and eruptions; scrofula.] GENERAL TREATMENT.-Put the child to bed, and apply a bread-and-water poultice to the neck. The patient should be submitted to a strict diet, which is the more easily enforced on account of the difficulty of swallowing. All stimulating beverages, and especially coffee, are injurious. Should the inflammation be severe, a physician ought to be consulted. MIEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).- Chamomilla (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) is suitable for dryness in the throat, with thirst; disagreeable sensation on attempting to swallow, or on bending the neck; sensation of something in the throat which the patient tries to disgorge; swelling of the glands near the lower jaw, with throbbing pain; feverishness INFLAMMATION OF THE THROAT. 215 towards evening; alternate heat and coldness, with tendency to passion. Mercurius (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) is useful in a large number of cases, and particularly when there is a copious accumulation of saliva in the mouth; ulceration or swelling of the tonsils; burning heat of the throat, with difficulty of swallowing; the throat feels as if contracted; smarting pain extending from the throat to the ear; dificult expectoration; swelling of the glands; shooting pain on swallowing; disagreeable taste in the mouth; swelling of the throat and tongue; in the evening, catarrhal fever, with alternate heat and coldness. Pulsatilla (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) is useful, at the beginning of the attack, for soreness, cutting pain, and dryness in the throat; swelling of the glands; shivering, increased towards evening, and followed by heat; absence of thirst. Belladonna (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessert 216 INFLAMMATION OF THE THROAT. spoonful to be taken night and morning) is required when, on drinking, the patient feels a kind of suffocating cramp in the neck, and when the neck is swollen. This remedy is often suitable before Mercurius. Coffea (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken thrice a day) may be given, if the child does not habitually drink coffee, for constant pain extending from one side of the palate to the pharynx, with aggravation while swallowing; swelling of the palate, and of the uvula, which is elongated, with accumulation of mucus upon those parts, causing constant efforts to swallow;-I heat and dryness in the throat; desire to cough; catarrh; increase of the sufferings in the open air; sleeplessness; dry heat; sensitiveness; tearful disposition. [Lachesis (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) is suitable when an abscess has been formed, or even after this has burst; or for tendency to. gangrene (see PUTRID SORETHROAT). Also during convalescence. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should INFLUENZA. 217 be given at longer intervals in proportion as the symptoms abate.] [INFLUENZA.] S [Synonym.-Catarrhus epidenmicus.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Inflammation.of the mucous membrane of the nose, throat, and air-passages, with extreme weakness and oppression. It is an acute affection. SYMPTOMS.-At first, those of fever and catarrh. In a day or two, a thin, copious, corrosive discharge flows from the nose; extreme weakness and oppression; drowsiness; pains in the back and limbs; violent cough; pain in the forehead; sweating. TERMINATION.-Cases treated by bleeding or violent purging are often lost. Otherwise the affection is seldom fatal..CAUSE.-Influenza is an epidemic. It attacks children less frequently than adults. GENERAL TREATMENT.-In the absence of fever, the child may get up every day. The temperature of the patient's room should be 218 INFLUENZA. moderate and uniform, and the diet light and unstimulating. Warm or cold barley-water is a good drink. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Bryonia (two globules, dry, night and morning) is suitable at the outset, when there is dry heat, with pain in the chest, forehead, and limbs. Arsenicum (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) may be given if there is constant corrosive discharge from the nose, with extreme weakness. Nux vomica (two globules, dry, night and morning) is required when there is costiveness, severe headach, and pain in the back. Sulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time, every night, for a week) is useful during convalescence, or in case of a relapse. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be taken at longer intervals as the symptoms abate.] ITCH. 219 [ITCH.] [ Synonyms.-Psora, Scabies.], [NATURE OF THE DISEASE.-Itching vesicles under the skin, and generally containing a parasite, the Acarus scabiei. The disorder is mostly chronic. SYMPTOMS.---Small pointed vesicles or pustules under the skin;, intolerable itching. The vesicles chiefly occur between the fingers:;but are sometimes found on almost every part of the body.TERMINATION.-The disorder is often very obstinate, and only to be permanently cured by prolonged treatment. CAUSEs.-Want of cleanliness; contagion. GENERAL TREATMENT. --'The parts affected should be thoroughly washed, three times a day, with warm water. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Sulphur (two globules, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights, for three weeks). All physicians agree in regarding this as the principal remedy against itch. It may also be 280 JAUNDICE. used externally, as follows: mix half an ounce of common flowers of sulphur with half a pound of lard, and rub this ointment every night upon the affected parts, as long as the internal use of homceopathic Sulphur is continued. Mercurius (three globules, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights, for several weeks) is sometimes required in cases of long standing, or when Sulphur only produces slight benefit. Lachesis (two globules, dry, at bed-time, every night, for a week) is suitable if large yellow or bluish vesicles appear. It may be followed by Sulphur, as above. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be given at longer intervals in proportion as the symptoms abate.] JAUNDICE. [Synonym.-Icterus.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Too much bile in the blood, excretions, and tissues of the body. The affection may be acute or chronic. SYMPTOMs.-Languor and uneasiness; heat and tingling of the skin; dull pain in the right JAUNDICE. 221 side of the abdomen; bitter taste in the mouth; yellow color, first of the eye-balls and fingernails, afterwards of the whole surface of the body; urine high colored; diarrhoea, or costiveness; nausea, and vomiting; stools clay-colored, or sometimes yellow; fever; the perspiration gives a yellow tinge to the linen. TERMINATION.-Jaundice is often fatal when it occurs in feeble children, or when complicated with some other disorder. Gradual abatement of the symptoms, and moderate bilious diarrhcea, are favorable occurrences. Hectic fever, head symptoms, brown skin, ulcers or purple spots on the skin, and protracted duration of the affection, are unfavorable. CAUSES. - Gall-stones; pressure upon, or spasm of, the duct of the gall-bladder; disease of the liver; superabundance of bile; improper food; sudden emotions.] Exposure to cold is, in infants, the most frequent cause. GENERAL TREATMENT.-In the slight attacks which often occur in infants, no treatment is required beyond maintaining a moderate and uniform temperature in the nursery, and sponging the body twice daily with warm water. In severe cases, when emaciation and hectic ensue, 222 JAUNDICE. the child must be put to bed, and a physician should be consulted. Arrow-root, gruel, and warm barley-water form the proper diet. During convalescence, beef-tea or chicken-broth may be allowed. [MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Chamomilla (two globules, dry, night and morning, for two days) is generally suitable at the outset: and especially if passion, or a chill, or improper food has caused the attack, and when there is diarrhoea. Mercurius (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken every night at bed-time) is almost specific in this affection. In infants, it may follow Chamomilla. In severe cases occurring in older children, it may be given from the commencement, particularly when the disorder has arisen from exposure to cold evening air, and when there are loose greyish stools. Bryonia (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken every night at bed-time) is useful for irritable children of dark complexion, when the bowels are confined, and when there is tingling in the skin. LAND SCURVY. 923 Ipecacuanha (four globules, dissolved in a dessertspoonful of cold water) may be given, at any stage of the disorder, for diarrhoea and violent vomiting. China (three globules, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights, for a week) is the proper remedy during convalescence, or when there is much weakness, caused by the abuse of mercury. Whatever medicine be selected, the doses should be given.at longer intervals as the symptoms decline.] "[LAND SCURVY.] [Synonyms.--Petechia sine febre, Purpura.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Exudation of blood into the tissues of the skin. The affection may be acute or chronic. SYMPTOMS.-Purple spots and patches (varying from the size of a flea-bite to that of half-a-crown) upon the skin; sponginess of the gums; languor. There is no fever or local pain; but mostly some disturbance of the bowels and general health. " TERMINATION.-Under judicious treatment, a fatal issue is rare. If the child be badly fed and;' 224 2LAND SCURVY. clothed, and treated with frequent brisk purges, the disorder increases, bleeding occurs from +arious parts, and death may ensue from exhaustion. Or the affection becomes chronic. CAusEs.-General ill-health; cold and damp; bad, salted, or insufficient food; crowded and illventilated dwellings. GENERAL TREATMENT. - Salted provisions must be discontinued, and milk, roasted apples, orange juice, vegetables, and fresh meat substituted; the diet should be at once light and nutritive. The nursery ought to be freely ventilated, and not crowded with persons. Much exercise in the open air is essential. The whole body may be washed, twice a day, with warm water. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Bryonia (one globule, dry, at bed-time, every night, for a week; or, in chronic cases, twice a week, for a month) is suitable, for irritable children, when the bowels are confined. Rhus toxicodendron (four globules, dry, at bedtime, every night, for a week) is required for bleeding from the skin, nose, mouth, and other parts; or when there is diarrhoea, with much disturbance of the general health. LOCKJAW. 225 Carbo vegetabilis (one globule, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for a month) is useful during convalescence. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses. should be given at longer intervals as the symptoms decline.] [LOCKJAW.] [Synonyms.-Nine-day Fits;-Trismus nascentium.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Spasm of the muscles of the jaw. The affection is acute. SYMPTOMS.-Violent spasms of the limbs and face, sometimes occurring without warning, but mostly preceded, during a day or two, by slight twitchings of the muscles, smiling in the sleep,,derangement of the stomach and bowels, livid color of the face, and extreme greediness in sucking, as if from inward pain. The milder cases are known as " white fits;" severe attacks, accompanied by swelling and blackness of the face, are called "black fits." TERMINATION.-In hot climates, and under Q I MEASLES. 927 between the gums every six hours) is useful when there is hiccup, diarrhoea, or copious flow of saliva. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should -be given at longer intervals as the symptoms abate.] [MEASLES.] [Synonyms.-Morbilli, Rubeola.] [NATURE OF THE DISEASE. - A. peculiar mottled rash upon the skin, with catarrh and fever. It is an acute affection, of definite progress and duration. SYMPTOMS.-For three or four days before the attack, catarrh and feverishness, drowsiness, oppression, nausea, or vomiting, and hoarse or ringing " measly" cough. On the fourth day, dark red spots, slightly prominent to the touch, and arranged in crescents, appear upon the face: the eruption soon spreads over the whole body. On the sixth day, the eruption becomes brownish; on the eighth it disappears, leaving a scurfiness upon the skin, and diarrhoea is not unfrequent at Q2 228 MEASLES. this stage. The fever increases when the rash breaks out, but diminishes on the sixth day. Many of the symptoms are worse towards evening. The malignant form of the disease is, in addition, accompanied by indications of TYPHUsFEVER (see this); the rash is of a darker color, and alternately appears and disappears, occurring at an earlier period than in ordinary measles, but irregularly; offensive diarrhcea ensues, and then lethargy. TERMINATION.-Malignant measles is a very dangerous affection. If treated properly from the outset, few cases of common measles need be lost. The disorder occurring in very young infants, very dark color or sudden disappearance of the eruption, signs of approaching typhus, continued and excessive diarrhoea, and internal inflammation, are unfavorable circumstances. Warm moist skin, free expectoration, slight diarrhcea, the rash appearing freely over the whole body, and the fever being moderate, are favorable symptoms. When it attacks adults, the disease is apt to be very severe. CAUSES.-Measles is epidemic and contagious. It occurs once (and rarely more than once) in the MEASLES. 229 life of each individual,-almost always during childhood. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Keep the child in bed as long as the rash is out. In mild cases, it is sufficient to keep the patient's room cool and fresh, to restrict the diet to sago, arrowroot, gruel, milk-and-water, and cold spring water; adding beef-tea or mutton-broth during convalescence. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) of itself cures attacks in which inflammatory fever predominates. It is also suitable, at all stages, whenever there is much fever. Aconite has likewise been recommended, in alternation with Pulsatilla, as a preventive, when measles prevails in the neighbourhood; four globules of Aconite, followed in three days by four globules of Pulsatilla, then Aconite again, and so on, for two or three weeks. The medicines to be taken dry, at bed-time. Should an attack ensue after this course, it will probably be of a mild character. Pulsatilla (two globules to be dissolved in a 230 MEASLES. wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning) is the specific remedy in a considerable number of cases, and particularly when the eruption and catarrh predominate over the fever, and when the symptoms are regularly increased towards evening. Or it may follow Aconite, when the latter has reduced the fever, but leaves the other symptoms untouched. Sulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights) may be given during convalescence, especially if there is mucous diarrhcea, running from the ears, or earach. Bryonia (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every six hours) is required when there are signs of inflammation within the chest, such as quick or labored breathing, pain and great heat in the chest, and dry cough; when the eruption suddenly recedes; or when typhoid symptoms arise. Belladonna (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every four hours) is suitable when violent headach, extreme sensitiveness to sound and light, excitement, heat of the head, and red-............... MILKY URINE. 231 ness of the eyes are observed. Also for sorethroat occurring after measles. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be taken at longer intervals in proportion as the symptoms abate.] [MILKY URINE.] [Synonym.-Diabetes chylosus.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-The presence of a whitish substance, resembling fibrin or casein, in the urine. The affection is chronic. SYMPTOMS.-Urine abundant and whitish; after a few minutes, a white flaky sediment is deposited. There is seldom much general disturbance of the health. In a few cases, more or less disorder of the stomach, dulness, irritability, and emaciation, are observed. TERMINATION.-Though a slight, it is an obstinate complaint, and may even exist for years. It generally baffles allopathic skill: but homoeopathy points out remedies which have effected several permanent cures. CAUsEs.-Cold; fatigue; hot climates; luxu 232 MILK-SCAB. rious living; abuse of mercury. The disease is of rare occurrence. GENERAL TREATMENT.-The diet should be moderate and nutritive. Much gentle exercise in the open air is essential. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Acidum phosphoricum (one globule, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights, for two or three weeks) is an excellent remedy in certain cases. Uva ursi (two globules, dry, at bed-time, twice a week, for six weeks) may be commenced a week after the last dose of Phosphoric acid, should the' latter produce only slight benefit. Uva ursi has been successfully employed by Dr. Partridge (see British Journal of Homceopathy, Vol. IV., p. 419).] MILK-SCAB. [Synonyms.- Milk-blotches, Milk-crust; - Crusta lactea, Eczema faciei, Impetigo larvalis, Porrigo larvalis, Tinea granulata.] [NATURE OF THE DISEASE.-Clusters of vesicles upon an inflamed ground, and situated on MILK-SCAB. 233 the forehead or face. The affection may be acute or chronic.] SYMPTOMS.-This eruption consists of vesicles filled with a clear transparent lymph, and forming clusters which extend over a considerable surface. The spots mostly commence upon the face, and sometimes extend to the upper parts of the body; they soon become yellow, and burst, and hard crusts are formed. There is much itching. [TERMINATION.-Almost invariably, in a longer or shorter time, in recovery, without leaving any signs of the eruption. Neglected cases sometimes end in atrophy. CAUSE.-Milk-scab chiefly occurs during teething, and is probably due to the irritation consequent upon that process. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Cleanliness; bathing the face three times a day with warm water; fresh air; milk-and-water diet; and avoidance of cold, are among the best means of curing slight cases. The child should, if possible, be prevented from scratching the affected parts. This may be done by touching the rough parts every night with sweet oil.] MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum (two globules, dry) may 2384 MOLES AND FRECKLES. be given immediately, for swelling of the face; redness and tension of the skin; extreme agitation; constant desire to scratch the vesicles. Calcarea (three globules, dry, at bed-time) is required thirty-six hours after Aconite. This treatment produces a rapid improvement, and the affection generally disappears in four or five days. But should the amelioration cease, Calcarea may be repeated on the third night after the first dose. Sulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time) seldom fails to effect a cure, even when Calcarea proves but partially successful. In obstinate cases, repeat Sulphur twice a week, for a month. [MOLES AND FRECKLES.] [Synonyms.-Mother's marks;--Nvi materni, and Ephelides.] [NATURE OF THE AFFECTION.-Moles are sometimes due to an altered structure of the second layer of the skin; sometimes they consist of networks of blood-vessels. The affection may be acute, chronic, or permanent. SYMPToMs.-Common moles are simply per MOLES AND FRECKLES. 235 manent spots or patches, not raised above the skin, and unaccompanied by any other symptoms. But the " aneurism by anastamosis " is a tumor formed by a net-work of arteries and veins: the swelling is bright red, or dark and livid, according as one or the other class of vessels is concerned. Such tumors may appear upon any part of the body. Sometimes they are stationary; at other times they enlarge, become irritable, and bleed. TERMINATION.--Moles which are small and stationary, or in situations where they can produce no injury, are trifling discolorations. When they enlarge, or press upon important parts, they demand treatment. In sickly, irritable subjects, a slight cause, as a scratch, or any mental emotion, may cause serious, and even fatal hemorrhage. The tumors are often obstinate. CAUSEs.-Doubtful. Moles are sometimes, but improperly, attributed to mental emotions, on the part of the mother, during pregnancy. In some persons there is a remarkable tendency to the formation of moles, which are possibly due to some peculiarity in the general circulation. Freckles, which are similar in nature to simple moles, often occur in children who are much exposed to the sun. 236 MOLES AND FRECKLES. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Simple moles require no treatment. If there is swelling, cold water and local irritants are improper, and the application of caustic sometimes occasions copious bleeding. When the tumor possesses a distinct neck, the deformity has occasionally been removed by ligature or by the knife. Such extreme mearures cannot be recommended, unless medicinal treatment has proved of no avail. Children who are liable to freckles should not be much exposed to the direct rays of the sun. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Carbo vegetabilis (two globules, dry, at bed-time, twice a week, for several weeks) is useful for freckles. Also for the net-works of blood-vessels, with swelling, and bleeding after the slightest injury. Sulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time, twice a week) may be commenced a week after the last dose of Carbo vegetabilis, when the latter produces only slight benefit. Veratrum (two globules, dry, at bed-time, once a week for several weeks) is one of the best remedies for freckles.] 938 NETTLERASH. tity. Sudden changes, and extremes, of temperature are hurtful. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Relapses are apt to occur; and it is important to effect a radical cure while resolution of the tumor is yet possible. Mercurius (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for two or three nights) is generally the best remedy, and is employed with success at all stages of the disease. It is also suitable for mumps occurring after measles. Belladonna (one globule, dry, at bed-time, for two or three nights) is required when the inflammation becomes erysipelatous. Also for mumps occurring after scarlet-fever. Hepar sulphuris (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken every night at bed-time) may be given after the pain has ceased, or when it is pulsative. Or when a hard tumor remains. [NETTLERASH.] [Synonym.- Urticaria.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Wheals upon .240 NIGHTMARE. Calcarea (one globule, dry, at bed-time, every fourth night, for three weeks) is suitable when the affection has become chronic. It may follow the last dose of Rhus by three days, when the latter produces only slight improvement.] [NIGHTMARE.] [Synonyms.-Ephialtes, Incubus, Oneirodynia gravans.] [NATURE OF THE COMPLAINT.-Oppression, with disturbed imagination. The disorder may be of long or short duration. SYMPTOMS.-Those of indigestion and slight fever, with excitement, frightful dreams, and oppression during sleep. TERMINATION.-The complaint is easily removed by medical treatment. * CAUSEs.-Late suppers; indigestible food; fatigue. GENERAL TREATMENT.-The diet should be chiefly vegetable. All stimulants are injurious. No food should be taken for about two hours before going to bed. Exercise in the open air is PAIN IN THE STOMACH. 241 of great service. The rooms inhabited by the patient should be freely ventilated, and not too warm. A tepid shower-bath, or cold sponging every morning, is useful. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instrictions, p. 78).-Aconitum (two globules, dry, at bed-time) is suitable when there is much fever, and agitation. NuI vomica (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and a dessertspoonful to be taken every night at bed-time) may be given when the complaint arises from indigestible food, and when the bowels are confined. Very young infants may take the same remedy dissolved in half the quantity of water: one teaspoonful for a dose.] PAIN IN THE STOMACH. NATURE OF THE CoMiPLAINT.-Inflammatory irritation of the midriff.' The affection is generally transient. SYMPTOMs.--Agitation and restlessness; short breathing; screaming; the infant throws up its legs towards its body.. R 242 PALPITATION OF THE HEART. TERMINATION.-The affection readily yields to one or other of the undermentioned remedies, after the exciting cause has been removed. CAUSE.-A chill. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Relapses may be prevented by avoiding exposure to cold. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Chamomilla (one globule, dry, to be placed upon the tongue immediately) is the most efficacious remedy. [Belladonna (one globule, dry, every half hour till the pain abates) is required in severe cases, when the child is teething, or when there is. headach, with slight fever.] PALPITATION OF THE HEART. [Synonym.-Palpitatio cordis.] [NATURE OF THE COMPLAINT.-T00 great force and frequency of the heart's pulsations. The duration of the disorder is extremely variable. TERMINATION.-Palpitations are to be feared only when they are very violent and obstinate, when they exist in connexion with organic 244 PILES. [PILES.] [Synonym.--Hemorrhoids.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Swellings of the veins near the opening of the lower bowel, either with bleeding (bleeding piles) or without (blind piles). If within the anus, they are called internal piles; if outside, external piles. SYMPTOMS.-Soft swellings near the opening of the lower bowel, varying in size and position, with or without bleeding, but attended with pricking, shooting, burning, or pressive sensations, and sometimes with dull pain in the loins. Costiveness. Increase of suffering on going to stool. CAUsEs.-Constitutional or hereditary tendency; obstinate costiveness; drastic purgatives; excessive fatigue; sedentary habits: stimulating food and drinks. Children often have piles in connexion with protrusion of the bowel. TREATMENT. -Piles may end in inflammation, suppuration, and fistula. The sudden suppression of piles sometimes induces dangerous disorders. The affection is very obstinate under PILES. 245 allopathic treatment, but homoeopathy possesses ample means of relieving and curing it. GENERAL TREATMENT.-The diet should be plain and unstimulating. Sedentary habits, on the one hand, and extreme fatigue, on the other, are injurious, as also is the use of soft chairs, cushions, and feather beds. It is both useless and dangerous to resort to any surgical operation for piles, and powerful medicated lotions and ointments are inadmissible. The pain of blind piles is relieved by ablution, night and morning, with cold water. In some cases, tepid water is found more useful. For bleeding piles, it is better to drink half a tumblerful of cold water, and then to lie down for an hour. But the chief reliance is to be placed in one or more of the following remedies. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one.teaspoonful to be taken morning, noon, and night) is useful when there is fever, and when the piles feel hot or burning. Pulsatilla (one globule, dry, every three hours, for two days) is required when blood and mucus are discharged during stool, and when the piles smart or itch. 246 POISONING. Nux vomica (two globules to be dissolved in half a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken night and morning, for a week) is the proper remedy when piles have been caused by the use of coffee or other stimulants, or by costiveness. A very large number of cases are cured by the use of this medicine alone. Sulphur (two globules, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for a month) is given, either alone, or after Nux vomica, in obstinate cases, and particularly when intolerable itching is the leading symptom.] [POISONING.] [TREATMENT.-It is often difficult to ascertain the nature of the poison that has been swallowed:.and in all cases a medical practitioner should, if possible, be consulted without delay. But there is one measure which ought to be instantly and invariably resorted to, namely, to excite the stomach to discharge its noxious contents. Tickling the throat with the finger, or drinking a large quantity of warm water, generally effects POTSONING. 247 this object. The stomach-pump should also be applied, for the same purpose. After the hurtful matters have been removed, the action of VEGETABLE POISONs is best counteracted by Camphor: four drops of the Tincture to be added to a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful of the mixture to be taken every ten minutes, as long as there is loss of consciousness, coldness of the extremities, or diarrhoea. When MINERAL POISONS have been swallowed, large quantities of chalk-and-water or soap-andwater should be given by mouth and by way of injection. White of egg is useful after poisoning by arsenic, corrosive-sublimate, or verdigris. As soon as the poison has been vomited, large draughts of linseed-tea or strong barley-water should be given, in order to protect the coats of the stomach. Aconitum (four globules, dissolved in a tablespoonful of barley-water), followed in four hours by Veratrum (four globules, dissolved in a tablespoonful of barley-water), is required if there is obstinate vomiting, with coldness of the extremities, prostration of strength, and tendency to inflammation of the stomach or intestines. For the effects of ANIMAL POISONS (as mussels, poisonous fish, putrid meat, or rancid fat) the / PUTRID SORE-THROAT. 249 black spots, patches, and vesicles; a thin corrosive discharge flows from the nostrils; sometimes there is a discharge of matter from the ears; fetid breath; dark fur on the tongue; watery diarrhoea; extreme weakness; pulse weak and irregular; drowsiness; difficulty of breathing; swelling and scarlet redness of the face and upper parts of the body, and afterwards of the entire surface. On the sixth day the skin becomes brown, and the eruption ends with scurfiness, or scaling of the cuticle. In from two to four weeks from the commencement, dropsical affections often arise. TERMINATION.-The affection is not unfrequently fatal. Improvement of the throat on the appearance of the rash, and gradual abatement of the symptoms on or before the sixth day, are favorable circumstances. Extensive ulceration, extreme fetor, and typhoid indications, are unfavorable. Dropsy, extension of the inflammation to the air-passages, and brain fever, may occur in severe or neglected cases. CAUsEs.-Putrid sore-throat is an epidemic, and occurs most frequently in sickly, ill-fed children, in spring or in autumn, in cold seasons, and in damp unhealthy places. 250 PUTRID SORE-THROAT. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Keep the child in bed as long as the rash is out, or if there is fever. A warm-water gargle, night and morning, promotes cleanliness. While there is much fever, the diet may consist of gruel, warm milk-andwater, and warm barley-water. After the skin has become cool and moist, the patient may take a little sago, rice-milk, or beef-tea. During convalescence, the diet should be light, but nutritious, and the patient must not be exposed to damp or cold air, or to fatigue. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Belladonna (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every four hours) is the best remedy at the outset, when the indications are those of catarrhal sore-throat, with fever, drowsiness, and scarlet rash upon the skin. Also when symptoms of congestion or inflammation of the brain arise. Arsenicum (four globules to be dissolved in half a tumblerful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken three times a day) is suitable when there are dark patches on the throat, with brown tongue, acrid discharge from the nose, running at the ears, watery diarrhoea, and RED-GUM. 251 extreme weakness. Arsenicum may follow the last dose of Belladonna by six hours, when symptoms of putridity arise. Carbo vegetabilis (two globules, dry, at bed-time, every night, for a week) is useful, during convalescence, for languor and exhaustion. Helleborus (one globule, dry, at bed-time, every night, for a week) is the best remedy for the various dropsical affections which often follow this disorder. Mercurius (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken every night at bed-time) is of itself sufficient to effect a cure in comparatively mild cases. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be given at longer intervals in proportion as the symptoms decline.] [RED-GUM.] [Synonyms.- Tooth-rash;--Strophulus.] [NATURE OF THE AFFEOTION.-Pimples occurring upon the face in young infants. It is a transient disorder. RHEUMATISM. 253 RHEUMATISM. [Synonyms.-Rheumatic Fever;-Arthritis, Febris rheumatica, Rheumatismus.] [NATURE OF THE DISEASE.-Inflammation of the fibrous tissues of the affected parts. It may be acute or chronic.] SYMPTMS.-'-Rheumatism is often seated in membranes and ligaments, in periosteum, or even in bone, but generally in muscles and their coverings. It sometimes affects a single tendon or membrane, while all the other muscles remain healthy; and then certain movements and certain postures afford relief. When the disorder attacks many or all of the superficial muscles and all the joints, the patient cannot move without feeling violent pain. The sufferings are mostly tearing, shooting, drawing, or burning; sometimes cutting, tensive, pressive, or sawing; rarely pulsative. The pain is in some instances extremely violent, and increased by the slightest external cause, or by the smallest movement of the affected muscle. It is diminished, but seldom entirely removed, by repose, which leaves at least a slight shooting RHEUMATISM. 255 of the disorder is generally slow, and the danger neither great nor pressing. The sufferings can often be removed, by medicines, as quickly as they arise; but chills, and other accidental causes, are apt to occasion relapses. [Acute rheumatism is a much more dangerous affection, and may end in inflammation of the heart or stomach, or in typhoid fever. In mild cases, the symptoms begin to decline at the end of a fortnight; but sometimes the sufferings continue, with little interruption, for two or three months. Or chronic rheumatism, with swelling and stiffness of the joints, may ensue. The unfavorable symptoms, indicating a translation of the disease to the heart, are, sudden pain in the heart, violent palpitation, difficulty of breathing, and a quick, thrilling pulse. The disorder is often fatal.] CAusEs.-Rheumatism, like catarrh, is often provoked suddenly by slight causes, especially by a chill; but it differs from catarrh in never affecting mucous surfaces, and in being produced only by a transition from a hot to a cold atmosphere, not by the reverse. Weakness, sensitiveness of the skin, and previous ill-health, are predisposing causes; and an attack may be brought on by the perspiration being checked. 256 RHEUMATISM. [GENERAL TREATMENT.-Sudden changes of temperature ought to be avoided. In rheumatic fever, the diet may consist of gruel, milk-andwater, arrow-root, and linseed-tea or barley-water, taken warm, and in small quantities at a time. The patient's room should be dark, cool, and quiet. The child must remain in bed while there is fever.] MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Chamomilla (one globule, dry, at bed-time, for two or three nights) is suitable, in acute or chronic rheumatism, for general uneasiness; heaviness in the head or limbs; tearing pains in the joints, increased at night, and diminished when the patient sits up in bed; paralytic weakness of all the limbs; pain in the loins; toothach, which affects the whole of one side of the face; dry heat; irritability. Pulsatilla (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for two or three nights) is suitable in chronic rheumatism, and also in acute cases accompanied by slight fever, when there is drawing pain, worse in the eening; pain in the limbs, and especially in those parts of muscles which are near joints; pains in the shoulder, knee, and joints of tle feet; feeling of general weakness; disturbed:o: ":. o.: RHEUMATISM. 257 sleep; shivering; on moving, pressive pain in the lower part of the abdomen; cough; sneezing; involuntary laughter; shifting pains; swelling of the affected parts. Bryonia (two globules to be dissolved in a tablespoonful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken night and morning) is useful in acute or chronic cases characterized by painful weakness in the articulations of the arms, back, neck, and chest, especially during movement and inspiration, with relief in a sitting or reclining posture; pain in the loins; acute, drawing, tearing pain in the tendons of the muscles, at the point of insertion into the bones, with aggravation after rising in the morning; pain in the bones; pains, during movement, as of dislocation of the joints; stiffness of the body during movement, especially after a siesta. [Fever; copious perspiration; stitch in the side; tendency to inflammation of the pleura or stomach, or to typhus.] Nux vomica (three globules to be dissolved in a tablespoonful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken night and morning) is especially useful in chronic cases, or in acute attacks with slight fever; tension and pressure in the external parts of the chest; shootings in the muscles of S 258 RHEUMATISM. the chest and between the shoulder-blades, during movement and respiration; pain as of a bruise in the shoulder-joint and in the shoulder-blade; attacks of tearing pain in the nape of the neck; stiffness in the back; violent pain in the loins; agitation; shivering; coldness of the feet and hands; vexation, and quarrelsome humor. [Costiveness, and various gastric sufferings.] [Aconitum (one globule, dissolved in a teaspoonful of cold water, to be taken immediately) is required at the beginning of rheumatic fever. Mercurius (two globules to be dissolved in a tablespoonful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every night at bed-time) is specific in most cases of rheumatic fever. It may either be given from the commencement, or, when the attack has been ushered in with much fever, the first dose of Mercurius may follow Aconite by five hours. It is particularly useful when there are copious sour sweats, which afford no relief; swelling of the joints, with redness; the whole body feels as if bruised; or in chronic rheumatism, accompanied by catarrh, swelling of the face, or earach. Rhus toxicodendron (two globules to be dissolved in a tablespoonful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken night and morning) is 260 RICKETS. the eyes are blue, deeply sunk, and surrounded by a livid circle; flabbiness of the muscles; the joints CC crack," and are easily dislocated by any rapid movement; the child often complains of fatigue and weakness, walks slowly, is sad., little disposed to play, and learns with difficulty; tbe appearance of the teeth is retarded; blackness and brittleness of the teeth, and toothach; want of appetite, especially for meat and hot food; desire for butter and cold food; swelling of the lower part of the abdomen; disturbed sleep; the child is subject to colds, and very sensitive to every breath of fresh air. [The head is too large, and the forehead unnaturally prominent; the moulds and seams of the skull are open; the chest is flattened at the sides, and the breast-bone projects; softening of the bones and swelling of the joints; at length the bones are unable to support the weight of the body, and become bent; the legs curve outwards, and the back-bone bends outwards or to one side; emaciation. In some cases the intellect is more acute than ordinary. TERMINATION.-Often in permanent deformity, and sometimes in death, unless the disease be early and judiciously treated. The derangement 262 RICKETS. tions, p. 78).-Pulsatilla (two globules, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights, for a week) is useful in slight cases, or at the outset in those which are more severe. Calcarea (three globules, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for two months) is an excellent remedy when the malady is confirmed, especially when the moulds remain open too long, when the head is unnaturally large, and when there is curvature of the spine, flabbiness of the muscles, or bending of the bones of the legs. Silicea (two globules, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for three months) may be commenced a fortnight after the last dose of Calcarea, when the latter produces only partial benefit, and when there is swelling of the glands of the neck; blackness and brittleness of the teeth; swelling of the joints; scrofulous ulcers and discharges. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be given at longer intervals as improvement sets in.] RINGWOR.. 263 [RINGWORM.] [Synonyms.-Vesicular Ringworm;--Herpes circinnatus.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Vesicles disposed in rings upon an inflamed skin. The affection may be acute or chronic. SYMPTOMS.-Small round vesicles, filled with a clear fluid, and disposed in the form of rings on various parts of the skin, with much itching. The rings vary from the size of a shilling to that of a crown piece. Within the circle, the skin is seldom discolored; but on the outside it is inflamed. In less than a week the vesicles become turbid, the surrounding redness disappears, and;fluid escapes. Scabs form, and in about a fortnight from the beginning they peel off, leaving a red scurfy surface. The patches occur most upon the forehead, arms, hands, and legs, sometimes spreading during several weeks. The general health is not much disturbed. TERMINATION.- Ringworm generally disappears, without any unpleasant consequence, in 9164 4RINGWORM. a few weeks: but occasionally it is much more obstinate. CAUSEs.-The disorder is epidemic, but not contagious. Sometimes the same individuals are attacked with it once in every year. Want of cleanliness, deficient or improper food, and tendency to cutaneous eruptions, are among the causes of the affection. GENERAL TREATMENT.-The child should be washed with tepid, not with cold, water, and no soap should be used. A plain, nutritive diet is essential. Extremes and sudden changes of temperature are injurious. MEDIcINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Sepia (two globules, dry, at bedtime, on alternate nights, for a fortnight) is specific in most cases. Sulphur (two globules, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for six weeks) may be commenced five days after the last dose of Sepia, when the eruption is obstinate, or when fresh places break out after the first three weeks, with much smarting and itching, and the formation of numerous scabs. This medicine is also useful to eradicate the tendency to annual relapses.] ROSE-RASH. 265 [ROSE-RASH.] [Synonyms.-Roseola astiva, Roseola annulata, Roseola infantilis.] [NATURE OF THE AFFECTION.-A slight red rash upon various parts of the body. The disorder is transient. SYMPTOMS.-Oval red patches upon different parts of the skin, and sometimes extending over a considerable surface. There is no elevation of the skin, but little irritation, and no discharge. In some cases the stomach and bowels are slightly deranged. Rose-rash has been considered intermediate between measles and scarletfever; but the character and slightness of the rash, and the absence of severe general disturbance, at once distinguish it from either of those disorders. TERMINATION.-Always in recovery in a few days. CAuSEs.-Hot weather; a chill; dentition; disordered digestion. The affection is almost confined to young children, and is not contagious. GENERAL TREATMENT. - Milk-and-water or 266 RUPTURE. farinaceous diet, fresh air, and washing the child with tepid instead of cold water, generally suffice to effect a cure. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Belladonna (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for two or three nights) is useful when the affection arises from a chill, or from difficult teething. Pulsatilla (one globule, dry, at bed-time, for two or three nights) may be given when there is diarrhoea or indigestion.] [RUPTURE.] [Synonym.-Hernia.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.--A swelling formed by the protrusion of one or more of the viscera from the abdominal cavity. SYMPTOMS.-When the hernia is reducible (that is, when it is easily returned into the abdomen), we find, protruding from some part of the abdomen (in infants, generally at the navel), a tumor, which diminishes when pressed, and when the patient lies down, enlarging again under the 268 RUPTURE. In recent cases, when there is little pain, no vomiting or costiveness, and when the swelling is diminished or enlarged by change of posture, put the patient for a few minutes into a warm bath, and then return the tumor, by uniform, gradual and gentle pressure with the hand. The reduction is accompanied by a gurgling noise. Then apply a pad or truss so as to cause a firm and equal pressure over the whole of the affected part. If symptoms of strangulation exist, a surgeon should be consulted without delay. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-The use of one or more of the following medicines has, in many cases, prevented the necessity of operating; and when an operation is required, homceopathic remedies are of great use in completing the cure. Nux vomica (two globules, dry, at bed-time, on alternate nights, for a fortnight) is useful in preventing the recurrence of this injury. The same remedy (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every two hours) may also be commenced two hours after the last dose of Aconite, when strangulated hernia is accompanied by costiveness, vomiting, difficulty of breathing, and pain and .-^Ff^.'....', ^ RUPTURE. 269 sensitiveness of the swelling, especially if the injury has arisen from passion. Aconitum (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every hour: two or three doses) is required for strangulated hernia, with violent inflammation, burning heat, and sensitiveness to the slightest touch; bilious vomiting, anxiety, and cold sweat. Nux vomica is often suitable after Aconite. Opium (four globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every quarter of an hour) may follow by one hour the second dose of Nux vomica, if the latter produces little effect. Or it may be given from the outset, when the face is red, and the abdomen hard and swollen, and when there are putrid risings, with vomiting of faces. Veratrum (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every half hour) should follow Aconite, when there are clammy sweats, with coldness of the extremities. Sulphur (one globule, dissolved in a dessertspoonful of cold water, to be taken an hour after the second dose of Aconite) is the proper ST. VITUS'S DANCE. 271 follow. The muscles of the face and of the whole body upon the same side are distorted or convulsed. TERMINATION.-In a few instances St. Vitus's dance lasts for life, but generally it disappears in a few months or years. When accompanied by fever, death sometimes ensues; otherwise the disorder is never fatal. In some cases it ends in epilepsy. CAUSEs.-Weakness; nervous temperament; violent emotions; worms. The affection generally occurs between the fifth and fourteenth years, and is supposed to be due to irritation of the cerebellum or spinal cord. It affects girls more frequently than boys. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Exercise, fresh air, and a plain nourishing diet, are of great importance. Excessive fatigue and mental exertion are injurious. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Cina (two globules, dry, at bedtime, twice a week) is useful when the disorder proceeds from the irritation of worms;Ignatia (three globules, dry, at bed-time, once a week) when vexation, or some other mental emotion, is the exciting cause;Nux vomica (two globules, dry, at bed-time, 272 SCALDHEAD. once a week) when there is costiveness or indigestion;-I Cuprum metallicum (one globule, dry, at bedtime, once a week) when the trembling and spasmodic twitchings of the limbs are violent;Silicea (one globule, dry, at bed-time, once a fortnight) when the disorder is very obstinate, and accompanied by much general disturbance. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be repeated at longer intervals as the symptoms abate.] [SCALDHEAD.] [Synonyms.-Pustular Ringworm, Ringworm of the Scalp;-Porrigo Scutulata, Tinea Capitis.] [NATURE OF THE DISEASE.-An eruption of pustules upon the scalp. The affection is chronic. SYMPTOMS.-Small red pustules, more or less prominent, and sometimes indented; they occur chiefly upon the scalp; after a time they burst, and scabs are formed by the matter which oozes out. Sometimes these scabs cover the whole SOALDHEAD.27 '273 head, and the hairs are matted together. The sores itch violently. The disease may even extend to the cellular tissue, periosteum, and skull. There is frequently swelling, inflammation, and suppuration of the glands of the neck, and the general health is much disturbed. TERMINATION.-Though not dangerous, scaldhead is always obstinate, seldom lasting less than several months, and often continuing many years. It mostly tends, however, towards a spontaneous cure; and this result may be hastened by proper treatment. CAUSEs.-The disorder is. highly contagious. It occurs most frequently about the seventh year. Scrofula, want of cleanliness, defective nutriment, ill-ventilated or crowded dwellings, and insufficient clothing, are among the causes of the disease. GENERAL TREATMENT.-The head should be washed with tepid, not with cold, water, and soap ought not to be used. Cleanliness, moderately war~m clothing, nourishing and wholesome food, and much exercise in the open air, are of great service. The child should, if possible, be prevented from scratching the affected parts. Sudden changes of temperature are injurious. T 274 SCARLET-FEVER. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instruct tions, p. 78).-Sulphur (two globules, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for several weeks) is in most cases the best remedy, but especially when the eruption is dry, with violent itching, and when there is swelling of the glands of the neck, with other symptoms of scrofula. It is also useful, after other medicines, to prevent relapses. Lycopodium (two globules, dry, at bed-time, once a fortnight, for three months) is suitable when the eruption is moist, with constant oozing. Or for continued baldness following scaldhead. Calcarea (two globules, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for six weeks) is required in dry scaldhead, when there is abundant scurfiness of the scalp. It may be followed, if necessary, by Sulphur, after the scurfiness has nearly ceased. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be given at longer intervals as the symptoms abate.] [SCARLET-FEVER.] [Synonym.-Scarlatina.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.- A peculiar scarlet rash upon the skin, with fever and sore 276 SCARLET-FEVER. TERMINATION.-If left to nature, or treated with violent measures, death often ensues; but homceopathic practitioners seldom lose a case of this disorder. The fever abating when the rash appears, the throat being but slightly affected, the occurrence of moderate bleeding from the nose, and the rash covering the whole body, are favorable circumstances. The fever becoming typhoid, the throat being ulcerated and dark brown, swelling of the glands, the rash coming out in patches, or suddenly disappearing, inflammation of the brain or lungs, are unfavorable. CAUSES. - Contagion. Scarlet-fever seldom attacks the same individual twice, and occurs most frequently in autumn and spring. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Keep the child in bed while the rash is out. As long as there is much fever, cold spring water, barley-water, or toastand-water, form the proper diet. During convalescence, chicken-broth and beef-tea may be added. All sources of chill ought to be carefully avoided. The patient's room should be cool, and well ventilated, but free from draughts. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Belladonna (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one SCARLET-FEVER. 277 teaspoonful to be taken every three hours during the fever, and afterwards night and morning) is the specific remedy in almost all cases-even when suppuration of the tonsils has commenced, or when there are symptoms of inflammation or congestion of the brain. The same remedy (four globules, dry, at bedtime, every alternate night, for a week) taken when scarlet-fever is epidemic in the neighbourhood, is considered a preventive against the disease. Aconitum (three globules, dissolved in a dessertspoonful of cold water) is required when the fever runs very high, or when heat-spots (miliary vesicles) occur. In such cases, Belladonna may be commenced two hours after taking the dose of Aconite. Mercurius (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every four hours) is suitable when ulceration of the tonsils continues in spite of the use of Belladonna. Mercurius is also useful for mumps occurring after scarlet-fever. Helleborus (one globule, dry, night and morning, for a week) is the proper medicine when swelling of the feet and other dropsical affections follow scarlet-fever. 278 SCREAMING. Bryonia (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken three times a day) may be given when the eruption has suddenly receded, or when inflammation has commenced within the chest. In the latter case, it may follow Aconite. The same remedy (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for a few nights) is of great service during convalescence.] SCREAMING. [CAUSES.-Young infants often cry on account of tight clothing, indigestible food, being confined in hot rooms, or being overloaded with bed-clothes; also in consequence of passion, or from internal pain. Screaming may likewise occur from the nurse drinking strong coffee. GENERAL TREATMENT.-RemOVal of the cause, when this is possible, is in general sufficient to quiet the child.] MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Violent screaming which has continued with little intermission for several .SCROFULA. 279 days, without apparent cause, sometimes ceases on causing the infant to smell five or six globules of the twelfth attenuation of Belladonna placed in a small and perfectly clean phial. Ciamomilla (one globule, dry, taken immediately) is an excellent remedy when passion, or a chill, has caused screaming, and when the nurse habitually drinks coffee. Coffea (one globule, dry, taken immediately) is very efficacious (provided the nurse does not drink coffee), especially when there is much heat or restlessness, and when the child cannot sleep. [SCROFULA.] [Synonym.-King's Evil.] [NATURE OF THE DISoRDER.-Defective or morbid nutrition. The affection is chronic. SYMPTOMs.-Scrofula rather indicates a constitutional tendency than forms a specific disease. Hence the disorders to which scrofulous children are subject are treated under distinct heads. The following are among the signs and results of scrofula:-fair hair; delicate, smooth skin; soft, SHORT TONGUE-STRING. 281 service. Extremes of temperature, low damp localities, hot rooms, and crowded dwellings, are to be avoided. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-This must vary according to the nature and seat of the disorder (see INFLAMMATION OF THE EARS and EYES, RICKETS, SWELLING OF THE GLANDS, WASTING, &C.). Sulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for three months) is, however, one of the best remedies for improving the general health, especially when there is a tendency to chronic eruptions or discharges, constipation, or diarrhoea. Calcarea (two globules, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for three months) is useful for swelling of the joints, glands, and abdomen, especially when there is debility and wasting.] [SHORT TONGUE-STRING.] [Synonym.-Tongue-tied.] [NATURE OF THE DEFORMITY.-The tonguestring too short, or attached too near the tip of the tongue. P,8 9 SLEEPLESSNESS. SYMPTOMs.-Inability to suck, or to protrude the tongue beyond the lips. TREATMENT.-The malformation is less important than is generally supposed; and often disappears without treatment. If the child can suck, and is able to protrude the tongue from the mouth, no interference is necessary. When an operation is required, it should be performed by a surgeon, as too deep an incision may cause fatal bleeding.] SLEEPLESSNESS. [Synonym.-Agrypnia.] CAUsEs.-This troublesome and sometimes alarming symptom is often caused by errors of diet. [Also by extremes of temperature, by the bed being too soft or too hot, by surrounding the bed with curtains, by want of fresh air and exercise, by noises in the nursery, or by mental emotions. In infants, it may arise from the nurse habitually drinking coffee. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Sleep is in many cases immediately procured by simply removing the cause of the malady. Light plain diet, fresh SMALL-POX. 288 air, exercise, and avoidance of extremes of temperature, are of the highest importance.] MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Chamomilla (one globule, given immediately before laying the child down to rest) is often serviceable-provided chamomile-tea has not been taken previously-especially when the disorder arises from errors of diet, and when there is much flatulency, with swelling of the lower part of the abdomen, and green stools. Coffea (three globules, dry, immediately before laying the child down to rest) may be given under the same circumstances as Chamomilla, when the child has been accustomed to take chamomile-tea. Belladonna (one globule, dry, immediately before laying the child down to rest) is suitable when sleeplessness continues for some days after weaning, or when it arises from difficult teething. [SMALL-POX.] [Synonym.-Yariola.] [NATURE OF THE DISEASE.-A peculiar eruption, upon the skin and mucous membranes, of pustules with inflamed bases, accompanied by SMALL-POX. 285" is observed on each pustule, the surrounding ring becomes paler, and the swelling of the face subsides. On the twelfth day the pustules burst, and the matter, on drying, forms numerous little scabs upon the skin. In a day or two these scabs peel off, leaving in their places dark spots, which in their turn disappear in a few days, either leaving the skin in its natural state, or marked with slight pits. On the seventh day there is often a secondary attack of fever, with restlessness and anxiety, which lasts till the eruption has completely disappeared (the sixteenth to the eighteenth day). The breath and perspiration have a fetid smell in this disease. In the worst form of the disease '(confluent small-pox) all the symptoms are more severe. The fever is more intense, increases after the eruption has broken out, and tends to become typhoid. The eruption appears irregularly. The pustules unite in groups, are much flattened, contain a fetid brown matter, and are not surrounded by a red circle. Unhealthy bleeding sores break out; the throat is covered with putrid ulcers; dysentery, convulsions, and lethargy arise; and the teeth and tongue become brown or black. 286 SMALL-POX. TERMINATION.-When the symptoms of confluent small-pox are decided, either the patient dies, or he will be pock-marked for life. The distinct variety of the disease is often followed by complete recovery, without leaving any marks upon the skin. Sudden disappearance of the eruption, inflammation of the eyes (sometimes causing blindness), brain, lungs, larynx, or stomach, are unfavorable occurrences. In persons who have not been vaccinated, the mortality is about one in every four who are attacked; in those who have been vaccinated, it is one in every ten. The great majority of children who have been vaccinated either escape the disease, or take it in a mild form. CAUSE. -Contagion. Small-pox seldom attacks the same individual twice, and is comparatively rare in children who have been properly vaccinated. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Keep the child in bed until all the symptoms begin to mend. The patient's room should be dark, cool, and freely ventilated; fresh air should be admitted several times every day; and curtains ought to be altogether removed from the bed. During the attack, the diet may consist of cold spring water, barley SMALL-POX. 287 water, toast-and-water, thin gruel, and milk-andwater, warm or cold. When convalescence sets in, chicken-broth, beef-tea, and toast may be added. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum? (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every four hours) is suitable when there is much fever. Mercurius (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken three times a day) is the specific remedy in a large number of cases of distinct small-pox, especially when there is much sorethroat, or salivation. It may be commenced three hours after the last dose of Aconite. Belladonna (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken three times a day) is required if congestion or inflammation of the brain be threatened. It is also useful for the symptoms which precede the eruption, when an attack of small-pox is expected. Rhus toxicodendron (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every three hours) is the proper remedy when at an early stage the eruption SPASMODIC ASTHMA. 289 SYMPTOMS.-This rare disease has been much misunderstood. Its resemblance in some respects to croup has caused it to be mistaken, even by physicians, for that affection. It is a spasmodic disorder, unaccompanied by fever. The attacks often occur at night, without previous warning, and are accompanied by suffocation, anxiety, and difficulty of breathing. The voice is hoarse and deep. Sometimes there is a slight, dry, rough, interrupted cough, without expectoration. Perspiration occurs towards the close of the attack. When the first access is not fatal, the disorder generally ends with violent sneezing, risings, and vomiting. The child sleeps tranquilly, but is weak and dejected on waking, and catarrhal symptoms often arise. A second attack, still more violent than the first, follows at the end of twelve or twenty-four hours. [The face is swollen and purple during the attack, and the inspiration is of a crowing character. TERMINATION.-Any single violent attack may prove fatal; and relapses often ensue. Extreme anxiety and difficulty of breathing, absence of expectoration, violent cough, and loud, crowing inspiration, are unfavorable symptoms.] CAUSEs.--The disorder chiefly attacks chilu STAMMERING. 291 tions, p. 78).-Arnica (two globules, dissolved in a dessertspoonful of cold water, to be taken immediately) is the best remedy for curing, and for preventing the tendency to, the disorder. The affected part may be bathed, several times during the day, with a lotion formed by adding a teaspoonful of Tincture of Arnica to a tumblerful of cold water. [Rhus toxicodendron may be used externally and internally, in the same manner as Arnica, when the latter produces but little effect at the end of a few days.] [STAMMERING.] [Synonym.-Blevsitas.] [CAUSEs.-Organic defect; timid, nervous disposition; the habit of speaking too rapidly, or of imitating persons who stammer. GENERAL TREATMENT.-The child should be treated with gentleness, and encouraged to speak slowly and distinctly. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Belladonna (two globules, dry, at u 2 292 STINGS AND BITES OF INSECTS. bed-time, once a week, for a month) is useful in recent cases. Sulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time, once a fortnight, for three months) is required when the affection is of long standing.] [STINGS AND BITES OF INSECTS.] [SPYPToMS.-The sting or bite of a wasp, bee, hornet, gnat, bug, or mosquito, if inflicted upon a delicate part, and especially in a sensitive child, may cause swelling, inflammation, and even fever. TREATMENT.-Extract the sting (when this has been left in the wound), by pressing the tube of a small key firmly over the seat of the injury. The pain and inflammation may be instantly removed by applying a drop of sal volatile to the wound soon after the bite or sting has been inflicted. When no treatment has been pursued for some hours, and the pain and swelling increase, bathe the part with a tablespoonful of cold water to which eight drops of Tincture of Arnica have been added. Arnica (two globules, dissolved in a dessertspoonful of cold water, may STYE. 293 at the same time be taken internally. Should fever or other general disturbance arise, give Aconitum (two globules, dissolved in a dessertspoonful of cold water).] STYE. [Synonym.-Hordeolum.] [NATURE OF THE AFFECTION-A tumor upon the eyelid, or in the corner of the eye, with inflammation and tendency to slow suppuration.] SYMPTOMS.-A yellowish swelling, of the size of a barley-corn, in the corner of the eye, or upon the eyelid. It causes much pain, but often disappears quickly and without any serious result. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Pulsatilla (one globule, dry, to be taken immediately) promptly removes the tumor, the return of which may be prevented by repeating the same remedy (at bed-time) once every three weeks. Three or four doses generally suffice. [Sulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time, once a 296 SWELLING OF THE FACE. of some part of one or both cheeks; sometimes slight fever. CAUSES.-A chill; the irritation of decayed teeth. GENERAL TREATMENT.-ExpOsure to cold air should be avoided. Relief is often obtained by fomenting the face with warm water, or with hot vinegar. The diet may consist of sago, milkand-water, arrow-root, and warm or cold barleywater. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Arnica (four globules to be dissolved in a tablespoonful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken night and morning) generally suffices to remove a hard swelling, with shining redness, heat and throbbing, accompanied by slight fever. Pulsatilla (two globules to be dissolved in a tablespoonful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken night and morning) is useful when the swelling is soft, puffy, sore, and bluish-red, and particularly when a damp chill has caused the affection. Mercurius (three globules to be dissolved in a tablespoonful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every night at bed-time) may follow 298 SWELLING OF THE GLANDS. the glands is frequently produced by the slightest chill, or even without any apparent cause. GENERAL TEEATMENT.-Strict attention to diet and cleanliness, and much exercise in the open air, are of great use in chronic cases. In acute attacks keep the patient in bed, give thin gruel, and warm or cold barley-water. The child should be washed with tepid, not with cold, water. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Dulcamara (one globule, dry, at bed-time, for two or three nights) generally suffices in slight acute cases. Mercurius (two globules to be dissolved in a tablespoonful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every night at bed-time) may, at the end of a few days, follow Dulcamara, when the latter produces but slight benefit. [In chronic cases, Mercurius may be given, dry, at bed-time, once a week for three weeks, at the commencement of the treatment. Sulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for three months) should, in chronic cases, be commenced a week after the last dose of Mercurius, especially if there is a tendency to eruptions and discharges. SWELLING OF THE LIPS AND NOSE. 299 Hepar sulphuris (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken night and morning)is suitable, in acute attacks, when there is throbbing in the tumor, with tendency to suppuration. Belladonna (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be given three times a day) may, in acute cases, be taken at the outset, when the local inflammation is severe, and when there is much fever. Mercurius or Hepar may, according to circumstances, follow Belladonna. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be given at longer intervals as the symptoms abate.] [SWELLING OF THE LIPS AND NOSE.] [CAUSEs.-Mechanical injuries; a chill; abuse of mercury; scrofulous constitution. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Belladonna (two globules, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for six weeks) is useful when the swelling is accompanied by redness 300 TEETHING. and burning heat, bleeding from the nostrils, or ulceration, and when much mercury has been taken. Mercurius (three globules, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for a month) is, in scrofulous children, suitable for swellings caused by a chill, especially when the bones of the nose are affected, and when there is a fetid discharge from the nostrils. Sulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time, once a fortnight, for three months) may be commenced ten days after the last dose of Mercurius, when the latter produces only slight benefit. It is especially useful for scrofulous children who are troubled with worms, cutaneous eruptions, swelling of the glands, or scabs around the mouth and nostrils.] TEETHING. [Synonym.--Dentition.] NATURE OF HEALTHY DENTITION.-The teeth are divided into three classes, namely, intisors or cutting teeth, canine or dog teeth, and molars or grinders. The first set, called milk teeth, are TEETHING. 301 twenty in number, of which eight are cutting, four canine, and eight grinding teeth. They are smaller and narrower than those of the permanent set, and generally appear in the following order: the two cutting teeth in the middle of the lower jaw pierce the gums about the end of the sixth month, and are followed in a few weeks by the two corresponding teeth of the upper jaw. After another similar interval, the two lateral cutting teeth in each jaw appear: sometimes the upper, sometimes the lower, being in advance. Four of the grinders pierce the gums towards the end of the twelfth month; the canines (first the lower, then the upper) about the end of the second year; and, lastly, the remaining four grinders at the beginning of the third year. The soft gelatinous substance destined for the formation of the teeth is enveloped in a membranous sac, concealed within the jaw. After having gradually acquired development and consistency, it opens for itself a passage by causing a peculiar irritation of the bone, a portion of which passes away by the absorbent vessels. There now remains only the gum to be pierced: in a small proportion of cases the inflammation attending this part of the process is followed by 302 TEETHING. suppuration. The gum, though'highly irritable, possesses little sensibility. Hence there is seldom any pain at the point where the tooth appears. Teething is said to be natural, or healthy, when the teeth appear at the usual period, without fever, restlessness, or other signs of disturbance of the general health, and without much swelling of the gums. DIFFICULT TEETHING is accompanied by various local and general symptoms of disorder, which will be described under the several remedies about to be mentioned. [The permanent teeth (second set) are irregular in the time of their appearance; but the process of changing the teeth generally occupies five or six years. The second teeth seldom give much trouble. GENERAL TREATMENT. - Milk - and - water should be given, to the exclusion of all other articles of diet. All sources of chill must be avoided. The nursery should be large, light, and freely ventilated, and in fine weather the child can scarcely be too much in the open air. Curtains round the bed, soft bedding, and clothing of a heavy and heating nature, are injurious.] TEETHING. 303 MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum (one globule, dry, night and morning, for one day) is the proper remedy when there is much swelling of the gums, with pain, heat, and redness; constant flow of saliva; the child often puts its fingers into its mouth, and bites violently when sucking, or suddenly ceases sucking; agitation; dry heat of the skin. Chamomilla (one globule, dry, night and morning, for a day or two) may be commenced on the day after Aconite has been given, when the latter only partially relieves the sufferings, and when there is dry cough, or short breathing. Coffea (two globules, dry, to be given immediately) is useful for extreme excitement, or constant and violent screaming. But if the nurse habitually drinks coffee, Chamomilla or Nuw vomica must, according to the symptoms, be substituted for Coffea. Nux vomica (one globule, dry, night and morning, for two days) is required when costiveness exists. Mercurius (one globule, dry, three times a day, for two days) is suitable when there is violent watery diarrhoea. Slight diarrhoea affords relief, and should not be interrupted. 304 THRUSH. Belladonna (two globules, dry, at bed-time, for three nights) is useful in a great number of cases, either from the outset or after Czamnomilla, when there is redness of the skin; agitation, tossing, and burning heat at night, with extreme thirst; trembling of the limbs; anxiety; sighing and groaning; short, rapid, and noisy breathing; evident oppression of the chest; redness of the eyes; repeated single shocks, which affect the whole body; convulsive movements of the limbs; congestion in the htead. Calcarea (two globules, dry, at bed-time, twice a week, for six weeks) may be given when the appearance of the teeth is much retarded. THRUSH. [Synonym.-Aphthtv.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-Vesicles, with inflammation, upon the mucous membrane of the mouth, gullet, stomach, or bowels. The affection is mostly acute.] SYMPTOMS.-Small vesicles or pustules arise 306 THRUSH. (black thrush), and when violent diarrhoea, with much general disturbance, ensues, the case is unfavorable, and death sometimes takes place.] CAUSES.-In infants, the most frequent causes are want of cleanliness, and food of bad quality or unsuited to their age. The affection is also often due to neglect, on the part of the nurse, in washing the sucking-bottle after each time of using it. [Debility, premature weaning, impure air, hot and crowded rooms, cold and damp, scrofulous habit, inflammation of the mouth, and weakening illnesses, are likewise predisposing and exciting causes of thrush. GENERAL TREATMENT.- Scrupulous regard to cleanliness, ventilation, and fresh air, and a milk-and-water diet, are among the best means both of curing and preventing thrush. When the disorder arises from ill-health on the part of the mother or nurse of an infant, another nurse should be sought without delay.] MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Borax (two globules, dry, every night at bed-time: three or four doses) is generally the best remedy, and commonly effects a cure in a few days. Acidum sulphuricum (one globule, dry, at bed 308 TOOTHACH. TERMINATION.-When a decayed tooth aches violently, there is often more or less swelling of the gums and face, and sometimes an abscess ensues, which, from its position, may prove dangerous. In some cases, the only remedy is extraction; but more fr-equently the pain is speedily removed by homceopathic remedies. CAUSES. -Extremes or sudden changes of temperature; hot or cold, sweet or sour, articles of food or drink; indigestion; fatigue; general ill-health; catarrh; rheumatism; mental emotions; decayed teeth. The pain sometimes exists, as a nervous or rheumatic symptom, in perfectly sound teeth. GENERAL TREATMENT.-The cure is hastened, and the tendency to pain diminished, by avoiding extremes and sudden changes of temperature, excessive bodily or mental exertion, sweet, sour, and indigestible food, and hot or cold articles of food or drink. Free ventilation, and much gentle exercise in the open air, are also important. If the pain is slight, and the decay has not proceeded far, the tooth should be stopped without delay; and the operation of stopping is so important, that parents cannot be too careful in the selection of a dentist. TOOTHACH. 309 MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum (one globule, dry, to be taken immediately, and repeated, if necessary, in eight hours) is the proper remedy when the child is of full habit, when the face is flushed, when the gums are red and swollen, and when there is thirst, agitation, or sleeplessness. Belladonna (two globules, dry, night and morning, for one day) is required for sharp drawing pains, worse at night, after eating, and on exposure to the air, with thirst, redness of the cheeks, and congestion in the head. Pulsatilla (three globules, dry, night and morning, for one day) is suitable for mild, quiet, children, especially if the pain is on one side only, sharp, jerking, or smarting, with pricking in the gums, and when it extends to the face, ear, and head; worse in the evening and in the heat of the bed, and mitigated by cold water or fresh air; shivering, and paleness of the face; sufferings caused by a damp chill. Chamomilla (two globules, dry, night and morning, for one day) may be given for toothach on one side, worse after eating or drinking hot things (especially coffee), and so violent at night as almost to drive the patient to despair; one 310 TOOTHACH. cheek red, the other pale; toothach arising from a dry chill, or from mental emotions. Nux vomica (one globule, dry, night and morning, for one day) is an excellent medicine for toothach produced by sedentary habits or by indigestion, and accompanied by costiveness, particularly if the patient habitually drinks coffee. The pain is drawing, boring, and shooting, often extends into the head, and is worse at night, in the morning, after dinner, when the patient walks in the fresh air, or after he has taken hot soups or cold water. The gums are swollen and sore, bleed easily, and are sometimes covered with putrid ulcers. Mercurius (two globules, dry, night and morning, for three days) is useful for toothach accompanying common cold or rheumatism, and attended with diarrhoea, swelling of the face, soreness and sponginess of the gums, copious flow of saliva, and abundant perspiration. The pain is tearing and shooting, chiefly in the roots of the teeth, often extends to the face and ears, and is worse at night, in the heat of the bed. Calcarea (one globule, dry, at bed-time, twice a week, for three weeks) is frequently required, after one or other of the above remedies has TYPHUS-FEVER. 311 cured an attack of pain, to remove the tendency to relapse. It is also useful when the pain is contractive or gnawing, with loosening of the teeth, and swelling, ulceration, or bleeding of the gums. SSulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for a month) may follow any of the above medicines, when a slight chill or other accidental cause excites toothach, and especially when there is swelling of the glands, with other scrofulous symptoms.] [TYPHUS-FEVER.] [Synonyms.-Low Fever, Malignant Typhus, Nervous Fever, Putrid Fever.] [NATURE OF THE DISEASE.-Fever of a low, nervous, putrid character. It is an acute disorder. SYMPToMs.-Previous to the attack, there are alternate flushes and chills; dejection; dulness of the mental faculties; dull pains in the head, back, and limbs; giddiness; nausea and vomiting; short breathing; small quick pulse; fetid breath; tongue at first white, afterwards brown and dry; urine pale and watery. When the disease has declared itself in a comparatively 312 TYPHUS-FEVER. mild form (low nervous fever), there are violent throbbings of the arteries; blood-shot eyes; flushed face; congestion in the head; hot dry skin; irregular pulse; lethargy; delirium; weakness; frightful dreams; scanty, fetid, high-colored urine; diarrhoea, or sometimes costiveness; profuse, sour, or fetid perspiration; picking the bedclothes; loss of consciousness; icy coldness of the limbs. In the worst form of typhus (putrid fever) the patient is attacked more suddenly, and the disease runs a quicker and more violent course. All the symptoms are more intense. There is early and extreme weakness; excessive anxiety; violent headach; constant vomiting; extremely fetid breath, sweat, and evacuations; black and fetid accumulations on the lips, tongue, and teeth; brown deposit in the urine; dark spots and patches on the skin, often with bleeding; thrush; involuntary evacuations; clammy perspiration; hiccup; convulsions. STERMINATION.-A crisis may be expected on the seventh, fourteenth, or twenty-first day. The favorable symptoms are, a gradual and general improvement commencing from any of the abovementioned days, the mind being little affected, TYPHUS-FEVER. 313 warm and moist skin, increase of strength, moderate diarrhoea, quiet sleep, more natural urine, diminution of the fetor, and whitish crusts occurring upon the lips and nose. The unfavorable symptoms are, constant lethargy; delirium; convulsions; picking the bed-clothes; extreme fetor of the breath and excretions; dark spots on the skin; hiccup; tongue black; involuntary evacu. ations; constant vomiting; black thrush; extreme weakness; swelling of the abdomen; clammy sweat. Both forms of typhus often end fatally: but even severe cases have frequently been cured by the powerful aid of homoeopathy.* CAUSES.-Putrid fever is believed to be contagious. Typhus is less common in young robust persons than in adults. It chiefly occurs in sickly children, as a consequence of common fever, of eruptive fevers, and of local inflammations. Or from debility, bad or insufficient food, crowded dwellings, close undrained courts and alleys, exhalations from decaying animal or vege* See a very interesting paper, by Dr. Kidd, " On the Fever and Dysentery of Ireland in 1847, read before the British Homceopathic Society, Dec. 2nd, 1847," published in the British Journal of Homceopathy, Vol. VI., p. 85. 314 TYPHUS-FEVER. table substances, cold and damp, or excessive bodily and mental exertion. GENERAL TREATMENT.-Keep the child in bed while there is much fever. Constant and scrupulous attention to cleanliness and ventilation is of the highest importance. The patient's room should be kept cool, and fresh air ought to be frequently admitted. In warm dry weather the windows should be thrown open to the fullest extent, and in winter, or on rainy days, they may be opened for a few minutes, once every two hours throughout the day, the patient being at the same time protected from the direct current of air. The linen and bedding must be frequently changed, and the stools promptly removed. Except when the weakness is extreme, the body may, once a day, be rapidly sponged with tepid water, and then quicldy dried. If the skin is very hot and dry, the diet may consist of thin gruel, cold spring water, and warm or cold barley-water; after the fever has begun to abate, give sago, arrow-root, and chicken-broth. During convalescence, milk-and-water, beef-tea, and mutton-broth may be added. Chloride of lime should be left in a saucer in the patient's room, and should be renewed daily. TYPHUS-FEVER. 315 Typhus is peculiarly a disease of weakness, hunger, and filth. The best means of preventing a relapse are, therefore, to ensure a sufficiency of wholesome and nutritious food; strict cleanliness; to avoid extreme exertion of mind or body; to live in healthy, clean, properly drained districts, and in well-ventilated rooms. Wherever it is possible to fulfil all these conditions, it is not too much to say that typhus will be known only by name. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Belladonna (four globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be given thrice a day) is the best medicine when there is much fever, with violent throbbing of the arteries, congestion in the head, delirium, and lethargy; uwine pale and watery. Rhus toxicodendron (two globules to be dissolved in a tablespoonful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken night and morning) is one of the most important remedies. It may generally be commenced the day after having taken Belladonna, when there is extreme weakness, so that the patient can hardly stir; lethargy, with delirium; picking the bed-clothes; eyes red and sparkling; lips and tongue dry and cracked; 316 TYPHUS-FEVER. violent pain and sensitiveness in the abdomen; loose, bloody stools; urine high-coloured; dark spots on the skin; tendency to inflammation of the bowels. Bryonia (two globules to be dissolved in a tablespoonful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken night and morning) is of equal value with Rhus, one or other of these two remedies being suitable in a large number of cases. Bryonia is particularly useful when there is constant dry heat of the whole body; red face; copious perspiration; lips and tongue brown and cracked; distaste for food; reddish-brown urine; pressure upon the head, with stupifying pain; delirium; tossing and sleeplessness; lethargic sleep, with sudden waking; picking the bed-clothes; shootings in the chest or sides; despair; fear of death; dark spots on the skin; costiveness; pains which are aggravated during movement; tendency to inflammation within the chest; frightful dreams. When typhus prevails in a district, the best preventive treatment consists in giving Bryonia (four globules) and Rhus (four globules) alternately, dry, at bed-time, twice a week. Arsenicum (two globules to be dissolved in a VOMITING. 817 wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every three hours) is required in the worst cases of putrid fever, with extreme prostration; dark spots on the skin; involuntary evacuation of fetid matters; cold, clammy, fetid sweat; glassy eyes; falling of the lower jaw; blackness of the lips, teeth, and tongue; black thrush; violent burning in the abdomen; corrosive evacuations. China (two globules, dry, at bed-time, every night, for a week) is very useful during convalescence. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be given at longer intervals as the symptoms decline.] VOMITING. [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-A spasmodic contraction of the midriff and abdominal muscles, followed by a rapid discharge, by the mouth, of the contents of the stomach. CAUSEs.-Intemperance; indigestible food; indigestion, and various other disorders; mental emotions; extremes of temperature; fatigue.] VOMITING. 319 given for vomiting caused by passion, and when there are bitter bilious risings; bitter taste in the mouth; vomiting of green, bilious, acrid matters; fulness and pressive pain in the stomach; weakness; loss of appetite; anxiety; dry heat; thirst; giddiness; semilateral headach. Bryonia (three globules to be dissolved in half a tumblerful of cold water, and a tablespoonful to be taken every two hours) is useful when the disposition to anger persists in spite of the use of Chamomilla, and when, in addition to the symptoms mentioned under that remedy, there is a sensation of general coldness, alternately with dry heat. Aconitum (two globules, dissolved in a tablespoonful of cold water) is the specific remedy when vomiting arises from anger attended with fear. Valeriana (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken thrice a day) sometimes relieves vomiting caused by worms in the intestinal canal, and accompanied by pain in the stomach, frequent nausea, copious flow of saliva, insipid and slimy taste in the mouth, paleness of face, discoloration of the lips, general coldness, 320 WARTS. and attacks of weakness. In such cases, however, the treatment should be confided to a. physician. [Ipecacuanha (two globules, dry) may be given for severe vomiting caused by eating rich food. The dose to be repeated every half hour until the vomiting abates. Nux vomica (two globules, dry, every hour until relief ensues) often succeeds when all other remedies fail.] [WARTS.] [Synonym.-Verruce.] [NATURE OF THE AFFECTION.-Chronic thickening and hardening of the cuticle. CAUsEs.-Warts often appear in children apparently enjoying good health: and some persons are peculiarly liable to them. But the frequent failure of all local remedies, and the occurrence of warts upon so many different parts of the body, show that these excrescences are really due to a constitutional cause. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instruc WASTING. 321 tions, p. 78).-Sulphur (two globules, dry, at bedtime, once a week, for several weeks) is one of the best remedies for numerous and obstinate warts upon the hands. It is also useful after other medicines, to eradicate the tendency to the affection. Causticum (one globule, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for several weeks). is required when the warts are large and tender, and if they occur chiefly upon the nose andface. Acidum nitricum (two globules, dry, at bedtime, twice a week, for a few weeks) is suitable when the warts are moist, and tender to the touch.] [WASTING.] [Synonymns.-Atrophy, Mesenteric Disease, Weaningbrash;-Atrophia ablactatorum, Scrofula mesenterica, Tabes mesenterica.] [NATURE OF THE DISEASE.-Scrofulous enlargement of the mesenteric glands, with remittent fever and emaciation. The affection may be acute or chronic. Y 3822 WASTING. SYMPTOMS.-Those of INFANTILE REMITTENT FEVER (see this), with enlargement of the mesenteric glands, which can be felt through the walls of the abdomen; more or less disorder of the stomach; weakness; emaciation; voracious appetite; swelling of the abdomen. TERMINATION.-When softening and suppuration of the mesenteric glands commence, a fatal termination may ensue, the patient sinking under hectic fever, violent diarrhoea, inflammation of the bowels, or some other acute disorder. Tubercular swellings of other glands often occur in the course of this affection. Consumption is also to be feared in after years. CAUSES.-Scrofula; insufficient, bad, or unwholesome food; vitiated air; worms; chronic ulceration of the bowels; remittent fever. The disorder is almost confined to children, and occurs most frequently between the first and tenth years. GENERAL TREATMENT.-If there is much fever, the child should be kept in bed, and the diet should be confined to linseed-tea and barleywater. When the fever abates, and there is neither diarrhoea nor inflammation, the strength may be supported by milk-sago, chicken-broth, or WASTING. 323 beef-tea. Cleanliness and ventilation are of great importance; but draughts of cold air should be avoided, and it is better to wash the patient with tepid than with cold water. In chronic cases, the tendency to inflammation, and to pulmonary consumption, is best combated by a light, nutritious, unstimulating diet, by moderately warm clothing, by ventilation, by exercise in the open air, and by avoiding crowded rooms and extremes of temperature. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Sulphur (two globules, dry, every night at bed-time) is suitable at the outset, in most cases, but especially when there is craving appetite; swelling in the groins; frequent mucous stools, or obstinate diarrhoea. Calcarea (three globules, dry, every night at bed-time) may follow Sulphur at the end of a few days, when there is much swelling or hardness of the mesenteric glands; clayey stools; dry and flabby skin; hollow, shrivelled face. Cina (two globules, dry, every night at bedtime) is useful when the child is troubled with worms. Arsenicum (four globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonY2 824 WASTING. ful to be taken night and morning) is proper, in violent acute cases, for desire to drink constantly, but little at a time; want of appetite, and dislike to food; extreme weakness; fainting; loose green stools; after a meal, vomiting and burning pain in the abdomen; tendency to inflammation of the stomach and bowels; alternate flushes and chills. Phosphorus (four globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken thrice a day) is an excellent remedy, for girls who have light hair and fair complexions, when there is a slight hacking cough; hectic fever; frequent and violent diarrhoea; copious perspiration; weakness; symptoms of suppuration of the mesenteric glands; chronic discharges. China (two globules, dry, at bed-time, twice a week) is useful during oonvalescence from an acute attack. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be given at longer intervals as the symptoms abate.] WATER IN THE HEAD. 325 [WATER IN THE HEAD.] [Synonyms.-Dropsy of the Brain, Dropsy of the Head, Water in the Brain;-Hydrocephalus.] [NATURE OF THE DISEASE.-An accumulation of serum in the ventricles of the brain. The affection may be acute or chronic. SYMPTOMS.-Often obscure. In acute cases there is frequently, before the attack, sharp pain in the head, forcing the child to scream, and to raise his hands to his forehead; languor; loss of appetite; fever; quick pulse; disordered stomach; costiveness; redness of the eyes; extreme sensitiveness to light; restlessness and sleeplessness. As the disease advances, there is more violent headach; lethargy, and cessation of pain; squinting; dilatation of the pupils; slow pulse. After a further interval, increase of fever, with quick pulse; difficulty of breathing; extreme anxiety; involuntary evacuations; convulsions. In chronic cases, the symptoms are less violent at the outset, and less rapid in their progress. 32,6 WATER IN THE HEAD. The bones of the Skiull sometimes separate, and the size of the head is greatly increased. TERMINATION.-Often in death: but the fatal issue is frequently accelerated by bleeding, leeches, blisters, calomel, and other violent remedies. The head being greatly increased in size, extreme drowsiness, and much difficulty of breathing, are unfavorable symptoms. At an early stage, the affection mostly yields more or less readily to a mild specific treatment. The disease may last many years. CAUSES.-Scrofula; weakness; worms; indigestion; unwholesome food; vitiated air; teething; inflammation of the brain. Some infants are born with this disease; but more frequently it arises between tbe second and eighth years. Sometimes it follows measles, small-pox, and scarlet fever. GENERAL TEEATMENT.-III most chronic cases, a light nutritive diet, and a dry bracing air, with much gentle out-door exercise., are useful. In acute attacks, with fever, the diet may consist of thin gruel, arrow-root, and warm or cold barleywater, and the child must remain in bed. During convalescence, beef-tea and chicken-broth are allowable. The operation of tapping is rarely WATER IN THE HEAD. 327 productive of benefit. A permanent cure can be effected only by remedies which act upon the general system. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Aconitum (four globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken every four hours) is suitable in acute cases, when there is much fever. Belladonna (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one teaspoonful to be taken thrice a day) may, in acute attacks, follow Aconite when there is still slight fever, with lethargy and delirium. Helleborus (two globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken every night at bed-time) is useful after Belladonna, when the latter produces only slight relief. It is also suitable, at the outset, in chronic cases. Mercurius (three globules to be dissolved in a wineglassful of cold water, and one dessertspoonful to be taken every night at bed-time) is proper in acute cases, after Belladonna, when the child is troubled with worms, or with diarrhoea. Sulphur (one globule, dry, at bed-time, twice a week) is one of the best medicines in most / 328 WHITLOW. chronic cases, and may follow Helleborus. It is likewise useful during convalescence from an acute attack. Whatever remedy be selected, the doses should be given at longer intervals as the symptoms abate.] WHITLOW. [Synonyms.-Panaris, Paronychia.] NATURE OF THE AFFECTION.- An acute inflammatory swelling at the end of the finger, with tendency to suppuration. SYMPTOMS.-Swelling, and ýiolent pain at the end of the finger, often under the nail, and followed by suppuration. The pain is comparatively slight when the injury is in the cellular tissue, more severe when it is in the periosteum, and insupportable when it reaches the sheath of the tendons. TERMINATION.-Relapses frequently occur. In irritable children, whitlow may cause fainting or convulsions. WORMS. 329, CAUSEs.-A chill; a bruise, burn or other mechanical injury; cutting the nail to the quick; contact with corrosive fluids; mental emotions. GENERAL TREATMENT. - Poultices, plasters, and other local remedies increase the evil, and render the cure slower and more difficult. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Mercurius (one globule, dry, night and morning, for two days) generally effects a prompt cure. Sulphur (two globules, dry, at bed-time, every night, for a week) may be commenced on the third day, if Mercurius has failed in removing the evil. WORMS. [Synonymns.-Febris helminthiaca, Vernminatio.] [NATURE OF THE DISORDER.-The presence of various kinds of worms in the stomach and bowels.] SYMPTOMS.-The existence of worms in the system is in many cases not suspected; and, on the other hand, several disorders due to other 330 WORMS. causes are attributed to worms. The worms most common in children are threadworms (ascarides) and the long round worm (lumbricus). Threadworms resemble the worms found in cheese, but sometimes they are an inch in length, They excite itching in the intestinal canal, frequent and urgent desire to go to stool, and other symptoms. The long round worms are shaped like earthworms. They are white, and have upon the head a ring furnished with little excrescences. They unite in clusters in different parts of the bowels, in the walls of which, when they move or feed, they cause an irritation which occasions pinching pains, especially around the navel. The usual signs of the presence of these worms are:copious flow of saliva into the mouth; nausea; fetid breath; face pale and puffy; blue or brown mark under the eyes; dilatation of the pupils; disturbed sleep; urine thick and whitish; tension and swelling of the lower part of the abdomen. [TERMINATION.-Cases that are neglected, or improperly treated, often become obstinate; and the irritation caused by worms may at length give rise to serious disorders. The remedies pointed out by the homceopathic law seldom fail, WORMS. 831 in a longer or shorter time, to effect a complete cure.] CAUSES.-Bad or unwholesome food; want of cleanliness; damp insalubrious atmosphere; all circumstances which favor an accumulation of mucus in the intestinal canal. GENERAL TREATMENT. -When worms exist without injuring the general health, they may be removed by attention to diet, cleanliness, fresh air, and exercise. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Imstructions, p. 78).-The effect of most allopathic remedies is, at best, to excite a discharge of some of the parasites from the system, without destroying the morbid condition on which their presence depends. When the general health is much disturbed, one or more of the following remedies should be given, according to the symptoms. A permanent cure of the tendency to worms can be effected only by antipsoric treatment conducted by a physician. Aconitum (four globules, dry, at bed-time, occasionally) is useful if there be much fever. Nux vomica (two globules, dry, at bed-time, every night, for a week) is suitable, both for threadworms and for round worms, when the WOUNDS. 333 for three days) is salutary in fevers caused by worms, and accompanied by cramps and violent pains in the stomach. Sulphur (two globules, dry, at bed-time, once a week, for several weeks) removes itching in the rectum. It is also one of the best remedies for curing the tendency to worms. WOUNDS. Dangerous wounds belong chiefly to the province of the surgeon. Those of a slight character will, therefore, chiefly engage our attention. GENERAL TREATrMENT.-Medicated ointments are injurious, and can only retard the cure. During convalescence, and after the dressings have been removed, the surface may be slightly anointed with fresh butter or lard, in order to prevent the clothes from adhering to the injured part.-* Slight cuts, punctures, and bruises only require to be treated by approaching the divided parts, and by applying a piece of rag steeped in cold water, and maintained in its place by a linen bandage. Any foreign body that may re 334 WOUNDS. main in the wound must be extracted without delay. MEDICINAL TREATMENT (See General Instructions, p. 78).-Arnica (two globules, dissolved in a dessertspoonful of cold water, to be taken night and morning, for one day) may be given when fever is caused by a severe injury, occurring to an irritable child. The wound may also be bathed, twice during the first day, with a lotion made by adding ten drops of Tincture of Arnica to a wineglassful of cold water. Coffea (two globules, dry) is required when the wound is very painful, and sensitive to the touch, and when there is much excitement, tearful disposition, agitation, and sleeplessness. China (one globule, dry) may be given two hours after Coffea, when the latter is only partially successful. Pulsatilla (two globules, dry, night and morning, for one day) is of great service when the injured part becomes swollen and inflamed, and when it is surrounded by a large red ring. Mercurius (three globules, dry, thrice a day, for two days) is useful when there is a tendency to suppuration, which is in most cases quickly removed by this remedy. WOUNDS. 335 [Calendula (three globules, dry, three times a day, for a few days) is useful for open wounds, which may also be wetted every night, at bedtime, with a lotion consisting of twenty drops of Tincture of Calendula to a wineglassful of lukewarm water.] CASES. 337 due to the medicines given, after the old system had failed even to relieve. A more detailed report of a few of the cases has been published in various medical journals. An outline of the symptoms and treatment has been deemed sufficient, on the present occasion, to gain the objects above named. I may add, that, although educated in allopathic colleges and hospitals, in London and Edinburgh, I have exclusively practised homceopathy for nearly fifteen years, and that each year's experience only strengthens my conviction of the practical advantages of this system of medicine. Case I.-ABSCESS. A delicate girl, aged 11 years, the child of a tradesman in the city of London, was admitted an out-patient of the Brompton Homceopathic Dispensary, Jan. 17, 1856. She had been weak from birth, having suffered from abscess in the right side of the body for two years. She formerly had other abscesses, which had healed. There was a complete cataract in the left eye. z 338 CASES. Also a discharge of matter and blood from the ear. Altogether it was a deplorable case. Two years previously, an allopathic physician said that nothing could be done for the child. Then the patient had the good fortune to be under the treatment of an able homoeopathic practitioner in London, from whom she derived great benefit. The parents afterwards removed to a neighbourhood remote from homoeopathic aid, and the patient became seriously ill, as above. Having now settled in Chelsea, the child was placed under my care. The medicines used on various occasions were Hepar sulphuris (30), Calcarea carbonica (30), and Silicea (30), at intervals of a week. Improvement again set in, and has since steadily continued. Though still delicate, the child is now free from disease of any kind, and her sight is good. Remarks.-On two occasions, under different physicians, homoeopathy caused an improvement so marked as to strike all the friends of the child. Allopathy had never been of any avail in the case. Indeed my homceopathic colleague concurred with me in attributing the sad state of the patient in some degree to the large and repeated doses of calomel she had taken. 340 CASES. were undiminished. They then recurred at gradually increasing intervals. Arsenicum, as above, every hour. So severe a case did not end in recovery without the occurrence of many troublesome symptoms, such as violent hiccup, excessive flatulency, and distressing languor. These gave way under the use of Ignatia (12), Carbo vegetabilis (200), and Sulphur (30). The cure of the malady was, however, mainly due to infinitesimal doses of Arsenicmn. At the end of four days of homceopathic treatment the patient was perfectly well. Remarks.-In this case the difficulty was to induce medicine to stay even half a minute in the system. But it was fair to conclude that the smaller, the dryer, and the more compact the dose, the better its chance of remaining. The patient afterwards told me that although he disliked the old treatment, and wished for homceopathy, yet it seemed to him, at first, absurd to take nothing but globules for so urgent an attack. Yet, so thoroughly wretched did he feel, that he had no wish to live, and really cared but little what was given to him. CASES. 341 Case III.-BLEEDING OF THE NOSE. A lad, aged 12 years, the son of a shoemaker at Brompton, was subject to violent bleeding from the nose. He was an out-patient of the Brompton Homoeopathic Dispensary. The boy, was scrofulous, and had enlargement of the knee-joints. In consequence of an angry-looking ulcer in the finger, the patient had the finger amputated at the second joint, three years ago, by a hospital surgeon. The wound bled so profusely, that life was in danger, and the " actual cautery" (a red-hot iron) was applied. Both before and after the operation, there had been several profuse bleedings from the nose, generally for two or three hours together. One day, in the summer of 1857, his mother brought him to my residence, in consequence of one of these attacks having commenced. I was not at home. The mother was in despair, as she would not consult an allopathic practitioner, and she said the lad might die while she was seeking the aid of another homoeopathic physician. In this emergency, my wife, having heard me speak of the power of Aconite over the circulation of the 342 CASES. blood, gave the boy three globules of that remedy (12), dry. The bleeding, instead of being protracted, as usual, for at least two hours, almost instantly ceased, and the mother of the boy went away both surprised and grateful. Remarks.-Such effects, produced by minute doses of medicine, would almost seem incredible, were it not that they have been witnessed by homceopathic physicians in thousands* of instances. The boy shudders whenever he mentions the " actual cautery." Case IV.-CONVULSIONS. A child, 8 years of age, the daughter of a clergyman, had been subject to convulsions for three years before I first saw her, June 5, 1848, when I was summoned by telegraph to visit her at Reading. The convulsions were then occurring every night, and were preceded by struggling and screaming, but were not attended with pain in the head. This little girl had always been delicate. The family physician had prescribed various remedies, which failed even to improve the general health, while they often occasioned CASES. 343 vomiting and giddiness. The child had at different times had three attacks of bronchitis, each attack being preceded by a severe convulsion. Ignatia (12) and Cocculus (6) were now given alternately, at bed-time. Four days afterwards, I learnt that there had been no fresh convulsions, and that the child's health was much better. On the 20th of June the patient had two convulsions. After this they never returned. A few doses of Sulphur (30) completed the cure. This child has since had hooping-cough and scarlet-fever, but without any convulsive tendency. Remarks.-Here the convulsions, after troubling the child for three years, were speedily and permanently cured by homoeopathic remedies. But for these, it is probable that the hoopingcough and scarlet-fever would have been preceded by convulsions. Case V.-CROUP. A girl, 2 years old, the daughter of a Colonel in thearmy, was attacked with croup, March 31, 34-4 CASES. 1845. Two brothers of the patient had died of the same disease, under allopathic treatment, the remedies used seeming to have no influence in checking the symptoms. One of the children died convulsed, while in a warm bath, with leeches to the neck. The child's mother determined never to allow a repetition of such measures. A fourth child had recovered from the same malady under an eminent homceopathic physician at Edinburgh. The remaining children, three in number, were not similarly affected. My patient was in high fever, and both the respiration and the cough were loud, shrill, and painful. The breathing was quick and short, and every ten minutes a severe paroxysm came on, threatening suffocation. Aconite (12) and Spongia (1) were now given, two globules, dry, alternately, every ten minutes. The next three attacks were very violent, but the intervals between them were longer. The child became drowsy after the second dose of Aconite, and fell asleep after the ensuing dose of Spongia. At the end of an hour, she awoke, and had a slight attack. After another dose of Aconite, she slept six hours (at night), and then awoke almost well. CASES. 345 Rerearks.-In acute disorders, the first sign of amendment is often a refreshing slumber, from which the patient awakes much relieved. Pain, sleeplessness, or lethargic sleep, headach, and vomiting, frequently occur after the violent measures recommended in allopathic practice. Case VI.-DEAFNESS. A girl, aged 6 years, the niece of a Baronet. This patient was first seen by me, June 19, 1846, at the house of a mutual friend in Eccleston Square. The child was subject to swelling of the submaxillary and cervical glands, and was almost entirely deaf, but was otherwise well. Syringing the ears, courses of tonics, and seabathing, had been tried, with some benefit, which, however, was but temporary. The uncle of the patient said he had sometimes given homceopathic medicines to the child, but that they had been of no use. He consented, however, to a conditional trial of homceopathy, the experiment to cease if unsuccessful at the end of a month. Mercurius (6, dry, twice a week, at bed-time) 346 CASES. was the only medicine I found it necessary to use in this case. The glandular swellings disappeared in a few weeks. The hearing was regained more slowly and tediously, but the child has long since been able to hear perfectly well, and is the more pleased at this improvement, because she is extremely fond of music. Remarks.-In a case like the above, it would not have been surprising had the deafness remained unrelieved, because it was hardly fair to expect that a disorder which for three years had resisted all other treatment, should in a month show sensible improvement even under homceopathy. Case VII.-DIARRH(EA. An infant, aged 18 months, the child of a baker at Pimlico, was brought to the Brompton Homceopathic Dispensary, Aug. 29, 1857. The baby had suffered from diarrhoea, in consequence of teething, for six weeks previously. The bowels were, on some days, moved every ten minutes, night and day, and there was an occasional sanguineous discharge. The child screamed CASES. 847 violently at intervals, and was wasting rapidly. Several teeth had appeared, without giving any relief. The gums had been lanced twice, and opium, chalk mixture, &c., had been given, without effect. An eminent physician declared that the little patient would soon die. ChamomiUa (12, dry, every hour at first, and, as improvement set in, at longer intervals) was now prescribed. I heard no more of the patient for a long time, and wrote, under the statement of the case in the Dispensary books, " Result unknown." On the 18th of March, 1858, the child was brought to me suffering from a severe cold. The mother said that the patient had not taken the medicine three days when his bowels acted regularly; his appetite returned, and he recovered rapidly. Troubles and affliction had prevented the mother from coming to me sooner. Remarks.-This case illustrates the different effect of thwarting nature by attempting (vainly) to block up the bowels, and of acting in accordance with nature, by given a remedy homoeopathic to the disorder. 350 CASES. exhaust the strength of the patient. The minute doses of a homceopathic remedy cannot directly reduce vital power, and, indirectly, they add to the vital power by extinguishing the malady. Case X.-DYSENTERY. A girl, 9 years old, had a severe attack of dysentery early in August, 1860. She had suffered twice before from the same malady, and had been ill each time, under allopathic treatment; for three or four weeks. On the 5th of August there were twenty-three evacuations of mucus and blood, attended with severe griping, fever, and debility. Mercurius corrosivus (6), three globules, dry, to be taken every hour. On the following day there were only nine evacuations, and they were of a more healthy character. Continue the remedy every three hours. On the third day there were two movements of the bowels, and no blood was passed. The pain had now ceased, and the patient could take veal tea without suffering any inconvenience. CASES. 351 In four days from the beginning of the attack the child was well, and there was no relapse. Remarcks.-The friends of the child were much surprised that a treatment which is sometimes supposed to be useless in acute disorders, should have so promptly cured an attack of the greatest severity, without leaving behind the distressing weakness and the costiveness that had proved troublesome on former occasions. Case XI.-EPILEPTIC FITS. A boy, 10 years old, the son of a bookseller in Chelsea, was brought to me May 19, 1850, with the statement that he had always been in delicate health, and that for the last two years he had had epileptic fits regularly once a month. His medical adviser told him candidly that he knew of no cure for the malady, and that, although his general condition might be improved, it would be a waste of time and money to attempt anything more. The father having had his attention directed to homceopathy by reading Mr. Sampson's book on the subject, sought relief from this method of treatment. / 352 CASES. The medicines prescribed at different times were Belladonna (12), Ignatia (12), and Stramo. nium (18), given dry, once a week, at bed-time. On the 30th of June the boy had a severe fit. Thus the first effect of the remedies was to postpone the attack ten days beyond the usual time, without lessening its intensity. To take Stramnoniumn (18), two globules, dry, once a week), at bed-time. The patient never had another fit. Remarks.-This case affords a striking prpof -of the mild but searching effects of our treatment. It also illustrates the susceptibility of children to homceopathic remedies. In an adult patient it is not likely that the action would have been so speedy. Case XII.-E-RYSIPELAS. An infant, 13 months old, was brought to the Brompton Homceopathic Dispensary, March 3, 1855. She had been subject to attacks of erysipelas in the neck and shoulder, for six months previously. The swelling was considerable, both in amount and extent, and had resisted all kinds CASES. 353 of local remedies. The child was languishing. With the topical use of sweet oil night and morning, and taking no other internal remedies than Aconite (12) and Belladonna (12), twice a day, complete recovery ensued in less than a month. Remarks.-Here it is not so much the cure that is worthy of notice, as the fact that so simple a case should have baffled the resources of allopathic medicine. We are often surprised to find hospital physicians despairing of cases which are easily cured homceopathically..Case XIII.-HOOPING-coUGH. A girl, 5 years old, the daughter of an American merchant, then residing at Staines, was attacked with hooping-cough in the autumn of 1851. On the 12th of November in that year, a telegram summoned me to the child's bed-side. I found the hooping-cough complicated with bronchitis. There was also severe vomiting, fever, and prostration, with occasional cold sweating. The whites of the eyes were turned into a deep blood color. The unfavorable opinion AA 354 CASES. of the attending physician, and the father's preference or homceopathy, led to my being consulted. The bronchitis and fever were relieved by Aconite (12) and Belladonna (12), and on the following day I heard that the child had slept four hours, and was asking for bread and butter. She was still distressed by vomiting at intervals, and the prostration and cold sweats recurred every two hours. There was likewise diarrhoea, and the parents were in a state of great anxiety. Ordered Veratrum album (6), dry, every two hours at first, and, as the symptoms abated, at longer intervals. The subsequent recovery was rapid. In six weeks not a trace of disorder was left. Remarks.-In this case, the popular notion, unhappily too often borne out by allopathic experience, that hooping-cough cannot be cured during cold weather, is shown to be fallacious. Case XIV.-INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN. A boy, 8 years old, of full habit, had, in March, 1860, inflammation of the brain, in consequence / 356 CASES. methods are the same, such as the application of ice to the head, and hot bottles to the feet. Case XV.-INFLAMMATION OF THE BRONCHIAL TUBES. A boy, 6 years old, the nephew of a Lieutenant. General, residing at Bayswater. This child had been in good health until he had hoopingcough, followed by measles, two. years before I first visited him, Jan. 14, 1846. Each of those disorders had been complicated with bronchitis, of which he was at the above date suffering from a third attack. He had already been blistered, and had taken ipecacuanha, antimonial wine, calomel, opium, and colocynth. The medical attendant declared the child to be in danger, from the excessive violence of the attacks of coughing, which threatened suffocation. The child was much exhausted, and the fever ran high. The physician, being asked if he would meet me the next day, replied, "Perhaps your friend will refuse to meet me; and, besides, there would be no use in a consultation, since we CASES. 357. should not agree as to treatment, and if any good is to be done, you must not wait till to-morrow, but send for further help this morning." This gentleman had previously suggested a consultation with an allopathic physician. Aconite (12), followed by Belladonna (12), at intervals of half-an-hour at first, and afterwards of three hours, cut short the fever as if by magic. A few doses of Sulphur (30) completed the cure. It was necessary for me to see the child but three times. The change from an anxious, languid invalid into a smiling, hungry child, was most marked. The boy has since had scarletfever, without bronchitis. Remarks. - Allopathy here committed two errors which are opposed to s~uccessful treatment of infantile disorders, by weakening a tender frame, and by giving so many strong remedies in combination, that the chances of recovery were much lessened. Case XVI.-INFLA~MATION OF THE EYES. A girl, 5 years old, became an out-patient of 360 CASES. -half an hour each time. This was probably occasioned by the pain that always attends- incipient inflammation of the pleura, though the usual signs of pleurisy were not present on the following day. At the end of five days, the child, who had passed through the stages of listlessness and irritability, was playing with her brother in the nursery as if she had never been ill. Rernarks.-The surgeon above referred to could not have seen pneumonia properly treated under homceopatby, or he would have known that the disease is far more tractable with the reformed than with the old treatment. The child's mother afterwards declared that she had been tortured in the early part of the illness by the conflicting advice of her friends respecting homceopathy. But she said that this and other experience had settled any remaining doubts that existed in her mind. Case XVIII.-INFLAMMATION OF THE PLEURA. A delicate girl, 6 years old, was attacked with pleurisy, in the summer of 1853. She was at a school in Brompton, and was homoBopathically 364 CASES. she was pleased at the result, and remarked, some time afterwards, that her child had never been so well as she was after having recovered from measles. She added, "But it always makes me sad to come to the Dispensary, as it reminds me of my poor little boys, and I do think they might have been saved." Remarks.-It often happens that children, previously delicate, sensibly improve in health after passing through the usual infantile disorders under bomceopathy. The contrary is more frequently the case under allopathy. Many persons date their ill-health from an attack of measles, scarlet-fever, or hooping-cough, imperfectly cured. Case XXI.-MALIGNANT MEASLES. A delicate young lady, 15 years old, was attacked, Jan. 13, 1856, with measles. The rash appeared fitfully, and soon disappeared altogether. On the fourth day the fever became typhoid. The delirium, the black tongue, the small thready pulse, and the deep comatose sleep, naturally alarmed the father of the patient, particu CASES. 365 larly as he had the year before lost another child with the same disorder. Bryonia (30) was given, dry, every hour, two globules at a time. The throat was so much swollen, that the medicine could not be given in solution. After the third dose of the remedy had been taken, the whole body was covered, almost simultaneously, with the rash of measles, and the sleep became lighter, and more natural. At the end of six hours the patient awoke, and said she felt "as if she were in paradise." Towards night, however, she became much worse, in consequence of over-excitement: delirium ensued; and the skin was cold and clammy. Pulsatilla (12) was given every two hours during the night. The first dose of this medicine seemed to have no effect, but after each of the subsequent doses the patient felt a pleasant warmth over the whole frame. From this time the progress was altogether favorable. Remarks.-The mother of the invalid, who had seen much sickness under allopathic treatment, said she had never before witnessed curative effects at once so gentle and so salutary, and following so closely almost every dose of the remedies. 366 CASES. A few weeks afterwards, the patient called upon me to report herself quite well. An intimate friend told her she ought not to trust to homoeopathy in such a case: but the young lady declared she would never again willingly submit to allopathic treatment. Case XXII.-PUTRID SORE THROAT. A boy, 2 years old, was seized, Aug. 14, 1854, with putrid sore-throat, after an attack of malignant scarlet-fever. His two brothers had died of the same disease, under allopathic treatment, within a week from the above date. The drainage of the street was defective. The boy's throat and neck were enormously swollen, and the tonsils, much enlarged, were covered with putrid ulcers. The child was tossing restlessly in bed, and was at times delirious; at other times screaming with pain. There appeared to be little hope of saving the case. I had the patient placed, for three minutes, in a warm bath (at 960 Fahr.), and then wrapped in a blanket. This brought the scarlet rash, which had receded, to the surface. The child now took Lachesis (12), in solution, every two hours. When the delirium was CASES. 367 very troublesome, a dose of Belladonna (12) was given. For three days life trembled in the balance. After that time the improvement,.though slow, was steady. The boy was well at the end of eighteen, days from the commencement of the attaok. Remarks.-Even under the mild remedies of homoeopathy, the child struggled with difficulty through the attack. Had leeches, blisters, purgatives, and other lowering means been used, it is fair to infer that the chances of recovery would have been much diminished. Case XXIII.-RHEUMATISM. A boy, 10 years old, the son of a country gentleman in Essex, was brought to me on the 13th of October, 1852. He had suffered from rheumatic pains in the elbows and knees for three years previously, and had already had two attacks of rheumatic fever, occasioned by sitting on wet grass. Each attack had confined him to bed about six weeks. Though so young, he had been bled, leeched, blistered, and salivated. He was much emaciated. 368 CASES. After taking several homoeopathic medicines, particularly Bryonia (30) and China (12), for two months, he recovered so far as to be allowed to return to school in London, when, in January, 1853, imprudent exposure to night air caused an attack of rheumatic fever. Under the use of Aconite (12) and Bryonia (30), the child was able to leave his bed in ten days. I believe there was no further return of the disorder. Remarks.-Not only was the chronic rheumatism cured by homaeopathy, but the acute attack yielded to this treatment in a quarter of the time required under allopathy. Case XXIV.-RICKETS, WITH DISEASE OF THE SKULL. A boy, 6 years old, living with his parents in Chelsea, was brought to the Brompton Homceopathic Dispensary, April 11, 1859. The bones of the arms and legs were bent and distorted. The spine was curved outwards and backwards. There was an abscess behind the left ear, and large pieces of the bones of the skull had been, from time to time, discharged through the CASES. 369: abscess. The abdomen was much enlarged, and the glands of the neck were swollen. The child was weak, pale, and languid, and could, scarcely walk. Want of proper air and nourishment, and a delicate constitution inherited from his parents, were the causes of the malady. A nourishing diet, and daily drives in the open air, were prescribed. The medicines that proved of the most signal service were Aurum (30) and Silicea. (200). The first-named remedy was given dry, twice a week, at bed-time, for the first month;-afterwards Silicea, in the same way, for three months. The deformity of the bones was all this time gradually wearing away, while the muscles were becoming larger and firmer. At the end of four months, I lost sight of the child, but he was again brought to me by his mother, June 19, 1861, to prove to me that he was perfectly cured. She showed me four pieces of decayed bone, from the skull, each piece about half an inch square, that had been discharged through the abscess. Remarks.-There is now no trace of disease in this child, nor is there even a scar left behind the left ear. The lad is strong and well made. B BB CASES. 371 Case XXVI.-ST. VITus's DANCE. A delicate, puny girl, 10 years old, had been subject to St. Vitus's dance for about a year, when she was brought, March 26, 1847, from Canterbury, to consult me. The child was becoming emaciated and nervous, but there was no organic disease. Silicea (200) was given, dry, once a week, half an hour before breakfast. The improvement was so immediate and so marked, as to leave no doubt that the disease was being worn out by the medicine, and not spontaneously. A confirmation of this was afforded by the fact that if the patient (unknown to herself) took a "1 blank" powder (that is, unmedicated sugar of milk), or if a lower attenuation of Silicea (the 12th) was substituted, the progress was much less satisfactory. The cure was not completed before three months. Remarks.-The above is one out of many instances that have occurred in my practice, of the undoubted, and sometimes superior, efficacy of the higher attenuations. In other cases, again, BB2 372 CASES. the more material doses (lower attenuations) are best. Case XXVII.-SCALDHEAD. A girl, aged 8 years, the daughter of a shoemaker at Knightsbridge, had been afflicted with scaldhead for four years. The disease was caught by the patient sleeping with a sister similarly affected. The usual local applications had been supplied from a neighboring hospital, but fresh sores and scabs kept constantly taking the place of the old ones. The child first came to the Brompton Homeeopathic Dispensary on the 3rd of March, 1855. Calcarea carbonica (30) and GC-aphites (800) were now ordered; the medicines to be taken, alternately, at intervals of a week. The improvement was fitful and slow enough to tax the patience of all parties concerned. But, after many fluctuations, the history of which it would be tedious to read, the patient was well at the end of eight months. The child has since then left London for Northampton, whence I CASES. 373 lately heard that there was no trace of the former disorder. Remarks.-A disease which confessedly baffles the allopathic practitioner, here yielded to homceopathy. Many similar cases have occurred in my practice. Some of them have been the means of drawing the attention of an allopathic surgeon, a friend of mine, to the doctrines of Hahnemann. Case XXVIIE.-SCARLET-FEVER. A girl, 3 years old, the only remaining child of a soldier living at Chelsea, was attacked with scarlet-fever, June 5, 1856. I did not see the girl till the third day of the attack. The rash was in patches, and inflammation of the brain had set in. The glands of the neck were much swollen. There was very high fever, with delirium. A sister of the patient had died of the disease, under allopathic treatment, two days before, and three fatal cases had occurred in the same street within a week. The drainage of the street was very defective. Belladonna (12) and Bryonia (30) were given 374 CASES. alternately, every three hours. Aconite (6) was required once or twice during the night. The patient recovered rather slowly, but without serious drawback, and has since remained well, with the exception of having lately had measles, so favorably, that no medical treatment was needed. The father of the child watched the case day and night, and always administered the medicines himself. He afterwards told me that nothing could have led him to continue giving such minute doses, had not the effect of each been so evidently beneficial. Remarks.-Many a learned physician might, with advantage, have watched the progress of this case in company with the unlettered koldier. Case XXIX.-SCROFULA. A girl, aged 10 years, the child of a merchant's clerk in the city of London, had been delicate from birth, and had suffered for six years from scrofulous ulcers, and enlargement of the knee and elbow joints. The best allopathic treatment, with sea air, and generous living, had 376 CASES. Case XXX.-SMALL-POX. A boy, aged 3 years and a half, the son of a Colonel in the French army, was seized with small-pox, April 15, 1853. The head and throat were severely affected, and the eruption was cpnfluent in some parts of the body. There was much fever, with delirium. Tongue brown. The child had not been vaccinated, but had mostly enjoyed good health, and had never taken llopathic medicine. The father had treated' the little patient homceopathically, without being aware that he was dealing with a case of 'mallpox. The medicines now given, alternately, were Belladonna (12) and Mercurius (6). Rhu, toxicodendron (12) and Phosphorus (30) were afterwards employed. At the end of three weeks from the commencement of the attack, the disease had left no trace of its existence. Remarks.- Under allopathic treatfient, the convalescence from acute disorders is generally tedious and uncertain. Our medicines act so mildly, yet directly, that they lessen instead of increasing the debility which accompanies all CASES. 377 febrile diseases. In the case in question, the mother of the child, who anxiously watched the progress of events, told me afterwards that each dose produced exactly the effect it was intended to do. Case XXXI.-SPASMODIC ASTHMA. A boy, 3 years old, was seized, Nov. 19, 1858, in the middle of the night, quite suddenly, with spasmodic asthma. The voice and respiration were deep and hoarse, the face was black, and suffocation was imminent. There was no fever or other disturbance of the health. A sister of the child had, six months before, been leeched and blistered for a similar attack, which had been mistaken for croup. The neck, chest, and feet to be bathed with warm water. Three globules of Sambucus (12) to be given immediately. The child, which had been ill for four hours previously, sometimes a little better, then violently relapsing, was now completely relieved in five minutes, when he fell into a quiet sleep, and awoke a few hours afterwards, quite well. CASES. 881 and the medicines prescribed were of much service, but, not being persevered with, had not a fair chance of removing the affection. The captain promised this time to continue the treatment if there was a reasonable hope of relief. Belladonna (12) and Mercurius (6) were prescribed, at intervals of a week. In four months, the glandular swellings disappeared. They afterwards returned but once, during an attack of scarlet-fever. Remarks.-The absorbent power of Mercurius, in glandular affections, is familiar to every homoeopathic practitioner. But mercury, in large and repeated doses, often produces such swellings, and even lays the foundation of pulmonary consumption, by causing violent perspirations, which are apt to be checked, to the serious injury of the constitution. Case XXXV.-THREADWORMS. A boy, aged 5 years, the son of a lawyer at Camden-town, had been troubled for two years and a half with threadworms. I first saw him in July, 1846. Large masses of worms had at 388 CASES. intervals been expelled by doses of turpentine, but the disorder seemed rather to increase than otherwise as the boy grew older. The patient's brothers, and his father, were similarly affected. The family physician seemed to consider it a matter of course that the patient should retain the hereditary malady, and the father saw no reason to think otherwise, when a friend of his startled him by asserting that homceopathy could cure worms. SCina (9) and Sulphur (30) were prescribed, the medicines to be taken alternately, twice a week, an hour before breakfast. At first, the father of the boy was sorely vexed that his child missed the customary forced discharge of worms by turpentine, and threatened to return to what he called " safe practice." At length, however, the improved health and appearance of his child convinced him that the worms were, by some mysterious agency, being gradually removed from the system. At the end of six months, the affection was cured. Remarks.-Had the father of the boy been a little more impatient, this case would have been triumphantly pointed out as "another failure" of homceopathy. 384 CASES. had been subject to frequent and violent attacks of vomiting, for about two years previous to her first visit to me, on the 8th of August, 1853. The disorder was apparently due to an irritable state of the mucous membrane. Neither food nor medicine would remain on the stomach. The child was becoming so thin, that recourse was had to injections of beef-tea, chicken-broth, and arrowroot, but with the effect of causing diarrhoea. An allopathic surgeon said that the only hope left was that the affection might ultimately wear itself out. Ipecacuanha (12) and Pulsatilla (12), given dry, in succession, speedily checked the vomiting. Arsenicum (200), taken once a day, for three weeks, completely cured the child. Remarks.-in this case there was an obvious advantage in administering the medicines dry. An irritable stomach sometimes rejects even a suitable homoeopathic remedy, if given in solution. The above case attracted the attention of a very kind and active clergyman, who now ministers on the homceopathic principle to the medical wants of his poorer parishioners in London. CASES. 385 Case XXXVIII.-WARTS. A boy, 4 years old, had several large warts upon the left hand and arm. The patient being an only child, his mother was much distressed when she found the crop of warts still increasing, and she consulted me, at the Brompton Homoeopathic Dispensary, Aug. 2, 1855. Calcarea carbonica (30), dry, to be taken once a week, half an hour before breakfast. A lady who had been a kind friend to the mother of the child, afterwards related to me the following colloquy:Mother.-" My child has attended regularly at the Dispensary, and I dare say some day the doctor will give him some medicine." Lady.--" What! has he given him no medicine? " Mother.-" Oh! bless you, no, ma'am, he has only given him a little sugar powder.. To be sure, it's very nice to take, but it's not physic, any how." In about two months, the warts, which had resisted various local applications, yielded to the " sugar powder." Renzarks.-Warts are often removed by caustic, CC 388 GLOSSARY. GLOSSARY OF MEDICAL TERMS. ABDOMEN. Belly. ABNORMAL. Irregular: unhealthy. ABSORBENTS. Small vessels which absorb substances from various parts of the body, and carry them to the blood. ACUTE. This term (as opposed to CHRONIC) is applied to a violent disorder of short duration. ALLOPATHY. Literally, the art of curing one disease by another. The word is more generally used to designate the old practice of medicine. ANAsToMosIs. The communication of vessels with each other. ANEURISM. A tumor formed by the dilatation of an artery. ANTIPSORIc. Literally, a remedy for the itch. Homoeopathic writers use the word to designate medicines employed in chronic diseases, which they attribute to a principle analogous to that of the itch (psora). GLOSSARY. 389 ANXIETY. A sense of discomfort which forces the patient constantly to change his position. APOPLEXY. A loss of consciousness and voluntary emotion. ARTERIES. Pulsating blood-vessels, which for the most part carry bright red blood from the heart to the general system. ARTICULATION. Joint. ASPHYXIA. Apparent death. ASTHENIC. Weak; wanting in power. ASTHMA. Difficulty of breathing. ATROPHY. Wasting of the flesh. BLOOD-VESSELS. The generic name for all vessels (whether arteries, veins, or capillaries) which carry blood. BRONCHIAL TUBES. The tubes into which the wind-pipe divides. CANINE. Having the properties of a dog. CAPILLARIES. Minute blood-vessels which terminate in various tissues, or which communicate between arteries and veins. CARTILAGE. Gristle. CATARRH. Common cold. CAUSTIC. A substance which causes a burning sensation, and which destroys animal tissues. CELLULAR TISSUE. A delicate net-like mem 390 GLOSSARY. brane which connects various structures of the body. CEREBELLUM. Literally, the little brain. A portion of the brain situated at the base of the skull. CEREBRAL. Belonging to the brain. CHRONIC. Of long duration (as opposed to AcUTE). COMA. Lethargy. CONFLUENT. Running together. CONGESTION. Accumulation of blood. CONTAGION. Communication of disease by contact. CUTANEOUS. Belonging to the skin. CUTICLE. The outer or scarf skin. DEGLUTITION. The act of swallowing. DELIRIUM. Raving. DESICCATION. Drying up. DRASTIC. Violent. DYSPEPSIA. Indigestion. EFFUSION. Escape or secretion of fluid from the vessels. EPIDEMIc. A term applied to diseases which attack many persons at the same time and place. ERUPTION. Discoloration of, or spots upon, the skin. GLOSSARY. 391 EXCORIATION. Abrasion, or rubbing off: applied to the skin. EXPECTORATION. Discharge of various matters from the lungs. EXPIRATION. The act of expelling air from the chest. EXTRAVASATION. A term applied to fluids which have escaped from their proper vessels. FARINACEOUS. A term applied to the meal of corn and other seeds. FEBRILE. Relating to fever. FECES. Excrement. FETUS. The infant in the womb. FEVER. A peculiar disease attended with increased heat of the body. FIBRIN. An organic compound found in animals and vegetables. FISTULA. A long sinuous ulcer, with a narrow opening. FOMENTATION. The act of bathing any part with warm water or with medicated lotions. FONTANELS. The moulds, or spaces between the bones of the head, in infants. GANGRENE. Mortification. GASTRIC. Belonging to the stomach. GLAND. An organ consisting of nerves, blood 394 394 GLOSSARY. NARCOTIC. A medicine which has the power of procuring sleep. NAUSEA. An inclination to vomit. OSSIFICATION. Formation of bone. PARALYSIS. Palsy. PAROTiD. Situated near the ear. PELVIS. The bony structure at the base of the trunk. PERCUSSION. The act of striking upon the surface of the body (generally the chest.), in, order to ascertain the condition of internal parts. PERIOSTEUM. The membrane which envelopes the hones. PERITONEUM. The serous membrane which lines the cavity of the abdomen, and which is reflected upon the organs contained therein. PHIARYNX. The upper part of the gullet. PLETHORA. A redundancy of blood. PLEURA. The serous membrane which lines the cavity of the chest, and which is reflected upon the lungs. PULMONARY. Belonging to the lungs. PUPIL. The round opening in the middle of the iris. PURULENT. Of the nature of pus. 396 GLOSSARY. almost certain powers of curing particular maladies. SPINE. The back bone. STETHOSCOPE. An instrument used for ascertaining the condition of various parts within the chest. STHENIC. Strong; having too much strength. STOMACH. The membranous sac into which the food is deposited from the gullet. STRICTURE. A contraction of some tube or duct of the body. SUBMAXILLARY. Placed under the lower jaw. SUPPURATION. The formation of pus. SUTURES. Seams. The serrated margins which unite the bones of the head. TENDON. The white and glistening extremity of a muscle. TONSILS. Two oval glands situated between the arches of the palate. ToPIcAL. Local. TRACHEA. The windpipe. TRACHEOTOMY. The operation of opening the windpipe. TUBERCLES. Solid, roundish, morbid substances found in the lungs and other internal organs. GLOSSARY.39 3917 TUMOR. A morbid swelling or enlargement. TYPHOID. Resembling Typhus. ULCER. A sore, accompanied by a discharge of pus, blood, &c. UMBILICAL CORD,. The navel-string. UMBILICUS. The navel. UvuLA. The, small fleshy substance which hangs in the middle of the soft palate. VASCULAR. Consisting of vessels; full of vessels. VEINS. Non-pulsating blood-vessels, which for the most part convey dark blood from the general system to the heart, for the purpose of renovation. VENTRICLES. The cavities of the brain and heart. VERTEBRA. One of the bones of the spine. VESICATION. The process of blistering, or of forming elevations of the cuticle, which contain a clear watery fluid. VESICLE. An elevation of the cuticle, containing a clear watery fluid. VISCERA. Parts (internal) having a special use. WHEAL. Au elevation of the skin, such as~ that produced by the sting of a nettle. 399 INDEX. PAGE ABDOMEN, swelling of the.. 322 Abscess................85 Accidental disorders.......80 Accidents..............333 at birth.......... 26 Acid risings.............162,, taste of the mouth.... 179 Acute disorders.......... 82 Additional food for infants. 0. 0 Administration of remedies.. 78 Aggravation, medicinal 80,, natural. 80 Air....................18 Aliments allowed.......... 71 forbidden........73 Allopathic remedies........ 78 Allopathy...............78 Anger................. 87 Animal food allowed...... 71,,,, forbidden...... 73 poisons............ 247 Animals, milk of..........47 Anxiety............... 312 Apparent death........... 26 Appetite, voracious........ 111,, want of........179 Arm, pain in the.........257 Arsenic, poisoning by...... 247 Artificial feeding.......... 36 Art of prescribing........81 Asiatic cholera........... 88 Asphyxia................ 26 Asthma, spasmodic........288 Atrophy............... 321 PAGE Attendants, choice of...... 55 treatment of.... 55 Attenuation, choice of the.. 82 Autumn, a chill in........ xxi Aversion to the mother's milk 41 BACK, pain in the.......... 257 Baldness................92 Bathing................59 Bed-clothes..............20 Bees, stings of...........292 Belly-ach...............108,, swelling of the. 322 Bilious complaints........ 177 ) temperament...... xx,, vomiting.........269 Birth, accidents at........26 treatment soon after.. 4 Bites and stings of insects.. 292 Bitter taste of the mouth.. 179 Black fits...............225,, thrush.............. 306,, water.............162 Bleeding from the eyes.... 195,, gums.... 311,, intestines. 139,, mouth.. 192,, nose.... 92,, skin.... 223,, piles...........244 Blindness..............195 Blind piles.............. 244 Blisters on the skin........ 219 Bloodshot eyes........... 196 Blood, spitting of......... 111 400 INDEX. PAGE Bloody flux.............. 139 Bloody stools............. 139 Blue disease............ 93 Boils.................... 94 Bones, bending of the...... 260,, pains in the........ 257 Bowels, bleeding from the.. 139,, confined.......... 118,, inflammation of.... 184, itching in the...... 333, pain in the........ 184, protrusion of the.. 151, relaxed..........130 Brain, dropsy of the........ 325, fever.......... 186, inflammation of the.. 186 water in the........ 325 Brash, water.............. 162,, weaning............ 321 Breasts, swelling of the.... 33 Breath, offensive.......... 179 Breathing, difficult........ 192,, quick.......... 201,, shrill......125, 289 Bronchial catarrh......... 189 Bronchitis................ 189 Bruises................. 95 Bruise, pain as from a..... 258 Bug-bites............... 292 Burns and scalds.......... 97 Burnt-holes.............. 99 Buzzing in the ears........ 114 CANINE madness 1...... 172 Canker of the mouth...... 204 Caps.................... 64, night.............. 14 Cases................. 336 Catarrh................. 104,, bronchial.......... 189,, pulmonary........ 189 S suffocative........ 189 Change to hot weather.... xxi,, to cold weather.... xxi PAGE Chest, cold in the.......... 189,, congestion in the.... 111,, oppression on the.... 111,, pain in the.......... 207 Chicken-pox............ 101 Chilblains............ 103 Children apparently still-born 26,, clothing for...... 61,, diet of............ 70,, exercises for...... 66,, lowfeverof...... 180,, management of.... 55,, really still-born.... 26 Chill, damp.............. xxi, dry................ xxi Chill in autumn.......... xxi,, spring............ xxi,, summer.......... xxi,, winter............ xxi Chloride of lime.......... 314 Choice of attendants...... 55,, the attenuation.. 82,, the remedy...... 79 S a wet nurse...... 43 Cholera, Asiatic.......... 88,, English......... 142,, prevention of...... 90 Chronic disorders.......... 82 Cleanliness.............. 58 Clothing for children..... 61,, infants........ 12,, tight.......12, 62 Cold in the chest.......... 189,,,, head.......... 104,, common............ 104,, weather............ xx,,,, change to.... xxi Coldness of the feet........ 244,,,, hands...... 258,,,, limbs...... 90,,,, skin......... 91 Colic................. 108 Common cold............ 104 INDEX. 401 PAGE,Common fever......153 Complaints, bilious.....177 'Compression of the head.. 11.Condiments......73, 74.Confined bowels...........118 -Congestion in the chest Ill.11, 9, head...113,Consciousness, loss of....186 Constipation.......118.Consumption.....280, 322 Contusions..........95.Convulsions.......115 Corns..........63 Corrosive sublimate, poisoningby........247.Costiveness.......118 Cough.................. 122 7 hooping............169 Cradles..........9 Cramps.........115,, in the limbs 9..91, 139,,neck.......o216 1,, stomach.o 132 Croup..... -o......o......125, 7spasmodic.....288.Crying.........278 Curtins.............9 Curvature of the spine... 260 cuts..........333 DAMP chill..........xxi Deafness............128 Debility..........322 Decayed teeth...........308 Delirium........186 Dentition, difficult.....302,, natural.....302 Derangement of the bowels. 130 stomach 177 Despair.........316,Diarrhcea........130 painless.....90 Diet,' homceopathic......70,,of children......70 Diet of infants......... 0,1of the nurse......45 Difficulty of breathing...192 77 in expectorating.. 215 37 in swallowing.... 2t5 Digestion, weak.......... 177 Diphtheria.........134 Discharge from abscesses..86 the ears.... 19-b,, the eyes... 195 the nostrils.300 Discharges, various....262, 324 Disease, blue........93 mesenteric........321 treatment of....78 Disinclination to suck....41 Disinfectants............. 314 Disordcrs, accidental.......80 acute........... 82 chronic......... 82.Distortion of the body.....271 11 face....271 Doses, repetition of........ 82 Dreams................. 240 Dress of children......61 11 infants.... 9 Dropsy of the brain.......8 25 head.....325 general........277 Drowsiness.......137 Dry chill................ xxi Dryness of the eyes........198 II mouth.....107,,throat..214 tongue 315 Dulness of the mind..31t Dysentery.........139 Dyspepsia.........177 EARACH...........192 Ears, buzzing in the..114 discharge from the.... 194 inflammation of the.. 192 Education.......2, 75 D D 406 INDEX. PAGE Remedy, choice of the...... 79, change of....... 80,, continuing the.... 79 Remedies, administration of. 79,, allopathic...... 78,, homceopathic.... 78,, list of.......... xxii, for various seasons xx,,,, temperaments............... xx Remittent fever, infantile.. 180 Repetition of doses........ 82 Rheumatic fever.......... 253 Rheumatism.............. 253 Rickets............... 259 Ringworm of the scalp.... 272,, pustular...... 272 S vesicular...... 263 Risings, sour............. 162 Rocking............. 6 Rose-rash.............. 265 Round worms, long........ 330 Rules, practical..........78 Rupture.............. 12, 266 SADNESS.................. 180 St. Anthony's fire.......... 147 St. Vitus's dance.......... 270 Salivation................ 307 Sanguine temperament.... xx Scabs on the head........ 264 S mouth'........ 300 S nose........ 300 Scaldhead................ 272 Scalds and bums.......... 97 Scalp, ringworm of the.... 272 Scarlatina................ 274 Scarlet-fever............. 274, malignant.... 275,, prevention of.. 277 Screaming........... 6, 278 Scrofula............... 279 Scurfiness of the head...... 274, of the skin...... 275 PAGE Scurvy, land.............. 223,, of the mouth...... 204 Sea sickness............. 318 Seasons, remedies for various xx Selection of the attenuation. 82,, remedy... 79 Shivering............. 153 Short tongue-string........ 281 Shoulder, pain in the...... 256 Sickness........... 317,, falling.......... 144 S sea............ 318 Side, stitch in the.... 207, 257 Sighing.................. 112 Skin, bleeding from the... 223,, blisters on the........ 219,, blueness of the.. 91, 93,coldness of the...... 91,, dark spots on the.... 316,, dryness of the........ 153,, itching in the........ 219,pimples on the.. 251, 284,scurfiness of the...... 276, sore............ 60, 150 Stingling in the...... 222,yellow color of the.... 221 Sleep................... 6 Sleeplessness.......... 6, 282 Small-pox, confluent...... 285,, distinct........ 284,, prevention of.... 23 Smell, loss of the sense 6f.107 Sneezing................ 108 Somnolence............. 137 Sore nipples............ 33,, skin............ 60, 150 Sore-throat, catarrhal..... 213,, inflammatory.. 213,, putrid........ 248 S relaxed...... 167 S ulcerated...... 248 Sorrow, effects of.......... 115 Sound................... 16 INDEX. 407 PAGE Sour risings.......162,, taste of the mouth...179 Spasmodic asthma........288,, cholera.....88,Spasms in the stomach.... 132,,in other par-ts.. 115, 139 Spasmodic croup.........288 Spine, curvature of the o..260 Spirits, low............179 Spitting of blood.....111 Spongy gums......310 Sprains... o.........290 Spring, a chill in.....xxi Squinting... o........325 Stammering.......291 ýStays, evil effects of....... 61 Stiff neck............... 254 Still-born infants......26 Stings and bites of insects..292 Stitch in the side....207, 257 Stomach, cramps in the.. o. 132 derangemcnt of the 177,, fever.........180 inflammation of the 210 painin the.241,, spasms in the....132 Stye..........293 Sucking-bottle.......48, 53 Suck~ling.........35 Suffocation, threatened...191 Suffocative catarrh........ 180 Summer, a chill in.. o...o...xxi Suppression of urine.. 9 Suppuration..---......o.....96 Swallowing, difficulty of.. 216 Sweating..... o.........153 Swelling of the belly.. 322 breasts.10, 33,, eyes. 196,, face.. 295' feet.-.....277 glands.. 297,, gums.-- 309 PAGE Swelling of the groin.....323 head....31 jaw....168 joints.....260,.. lips........299 neck.....216,, nose....299,, throat. 215 tongue...216 tonsils....216 TASTE of the mouth, bitter.. 179 putrid.. 179 sour.. 179 Teeth, blackness of the.... 262,, brittle.......262 decayed........... 308,, first set of.....-....300 -grinding the.. 186 loose.......311,, milk........00 permanent.........302 Teething, difficult.........302 )7 natural..........302 Temperament, bilious.....xx lymphatic xx nervous...xx sanguine. xx Temperature.............. 17 Terms, glossary of medical.. 388 Thirst.................. 153 Threadworms......330 Throbbing tumors.....87 Throat, catarrhal sore.. 213 dryness of the....214-,, gangrenous sore... 248,, inflammatory sore. 213 malignant sore 248 putrid sore.......248 swelling of the 215 ulcerated sore....248 Thrush, black....306, 313 )I white......304 Tingling -in the skin. 222 408 INDEX. PAGE Tongue, black............ 312 Tongue, brown.......... 311,, dry............ 311,, swollen.......... 215,, white.......... 121 Tongue-string, short...... 281 Tongue-tied.............. 281 Tonsils, inflamed......... 213,, swollen.......... 215,, ulcerated........ 215 Toothach................ 307 Tooth-rash............. 251 Treatment of attendants. 45, 55,, of disease...... 78 S soon after birth.. 4 Trembling.............. 272 Tumors............... 85, 94, throbbing........85 Twitching of the limbs.... 270 Typhus-fever............ 311,, malignant.. 311 S prevention of. 316 ULCERS............. 262,, on the gums...... 311,,,, mouth...... 204,,,, throat...... 248,,,, tonsils...... 215 Urine, brown............ 316,, fetid.............. 312,, high-colored........ 312,, incontinence of...... 175,, milky........... 231,, pale............ 315, scanty............ 153,, suppression of...... 294 thick.............. 330, too abundant........ 175 VACCINATION.............. 23 Vegetable food allowed.... 72,,,, forbidden.... 73 FAGE Vegetable poisons........ 247 Ventilation...........18, 58 Verdigris, poisoning by.... 247 Vesicles................ 163 Vesicular ringworm...... 263 Vexation................ 87 Voice, crowing............ 125, loss of............ 168, weak............ 167 Vomiting............... 317, of excrement.... 269 Voracious appetite........ 111 WAKEFULNESS............ 282 Want of appetite......... 179 W arts................. 320 Washing and dressing.... 9 Wasps, stings of.......... 292 W asting................ 321 Water-brash.............. 162 Water in the brain........ 325 head........ 325 Weakness................ 322, paralytic........ 256 Weaning............... 49, brash......... 321 Weather, changes of...... xxi Wet nurse, choice of a.... 43 Wetting the bed.......... 175 Wheezing................ 191 White fits................ 225,, thrush............ 304 Whitlow................ 328 Wind-pipe, inflamed...... 125 Winter, a chill in.......... xxi Worm fever.............. 180 Worms, long round........ 330 S thread............ 330 Wounds............... 333 YELLOW skin.......... 221 W. DAvy & SON, Printers, Gilbert-street, W. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN II I II llllll liii iiiii1iiiiiJllllli.lll ' 3 9015 02012 4551 OA o.,I