Émile Chartier - Wikipedia Émile Chartier From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (October 2018) Click [show] for important translation instructions. Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:]]; see its history for attribution. You should also add the template {{Translated page}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation. Émile Chartier Alain in 1931 Born 3 March 1868 Mortagne-au-Perche, Orne, France Died 2 June 1951 Le Vésinet, France Other names Alain Education École Normale Supérieure (B.A., 1892) Era 20th-century philosophy Region Western philosophy School Continental philosophy Academic advisors Jules Lagneau [fr][1] Main interests Political philosophy Influenced Raymond Aron, Simone Weil, Georges Canguilhem, André Maurois, Jean Mistler, Alain de Botton Émile-Auguste Chartier (French: [ʃaʁtje]; 3 March 1868 – 2 June 1951), commonly known as Alain ([alɛ̃]), was a French philosopher, journalist, and pacifist.[2] He adopted his pseudonym in homage to the 15th-century Norman poet Alain Chartier. Contents 1 Early life 2 Career 3 Death 4 See also 5 Select bibliography 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External links Early life[edit] Alain was born in 1868 in Mortagne-au-Perche (Orne). He entered lycée d'Alençon in 1881 and studied there for five years. On 13 June 1956, the lycée was renamed lycée Alain, after its most famous student. Career[edit] In 1892, Alain graduated from École Normale Supérieure and received the agrégation in philosophy.[3] He subsequently taught at various institutions: Pontivy, Lorient, Lycée Pierre Corneille in Rouen,[4] and, in Paris: (Lycée Condorcet and Lycée Michelet). From 1903, he contributed to several journals using his pseudonym, Alain. He was most commonly referred to as "Alain" by his pupils and peers. In 1909, he was appointed a teacher (or professor) at the Lycée Henri-IV in Paris. He deeply influenced his pupils, who included Raymond Aron, Simone Weil, Georges Canguilhem, and André Maurois.[2] Reviewing the beneficial effect he had on his former pupils Simone Weil and Simone de Beauvoir, Professor John Hellman writes that Alain was the greatest teacher of their generation.[5] Alain foretold and denounced the First World War but, when hostilities began, he enlisted as a soldier and, refusing promotion, served in the ranks for the whole war.[6] During those years, while in the trenches, he wrote Mars, ou la guerre jugée (1921) [Mars, or The Truth about War], Quatre-vingt-un chapitres sur l'esprit et les passions (1917) [Eighty-One Chapters about the Spirit and Passions], and Le système des beaux-arts (1920) [System of the Fine Arts]. He later wrote many other books including Propos sur le bonheur (1925) [About Happiness], Le citoyen contre les pouvoirs (1926) [The Citizen against the Powers], Les Idées et les âges (1927) [Ideas and Ages], Entretiens au bord de la mer (1931) [Conversations by the Edge of the Sea], Propos sur l'éducation (1932) [About Education], Idées (1932) [Ideas], Les Dieux (1934) [The Gods], Histoire de mes pensées (1936) [History of my Thoughts], and Les Aventures de coeur (1945) [Adventures of the Heart].[2] He was a leading theorist of radicalism, and his influence extended through the Third and Fourth Republics. He stressed individualism, seeking to defend the citizen against the state. He warned against all forms of power – military, clerical, and economic. To oppose them he exalted the small farmer, the small shopkeeper, the small town, and the little man. He idealized country life and saw Paris as a dangerous font of power.[7] Despite the liberalism of his published work, during World War II he expressed right-wing views in some of his private writings: in July 1940 he expressed hope that the Free French Forces would be defeated, and he also described Adolf Hitler as "a modern mind, an invincible spirit", who dealt with the "Jewish question" with "extraordinary eloquence and remarkable sincerity".[8] In his diary published under the title Journal inédit by Emmanuel Blondel, Alain writes "I would like, as far as I am concerned, to get rid of antisemitism, but I can't achieve this." (Journal inédit, Editions des equateurs). He calls his own antisemitism, in a self-disapproving manner, a "sad passion" using a spinozist expression meaning "a passion that expresses weakness, powerlessness". In 1946, in a new Preface to his book Spinoza Alain writes: " Tel est donc le sens du Spinozisme, sens bien positif et bien aisé à saisir, pourvu qu'on soit persuadé que l'on est en présence de l'Esprit universel. Cette persuasion vous rendra la pensée supportable, et soudain vous vous reconnaîtrez homme, toujours à la lumière de l'axiome : Homo homini deus, qui est la clef de la future République et de l'égalité 1848. Je dis égalité, parce qu'il ne se peut pas que l'homme n'ait pas de passions et parce que toute affection cesse d'être une passion dès qu'on en forme une idée adéquate. Là est le secret de la Paix, qui dans tous les cas est la Paix de l'âme, vérité très méconnue. Par ce moyen vous formerez le parti Spinoza, que vous vous garderez d'appeler le parti juif, mais qui n'en sera pas moins ce parti-là. Alors, sans combat, le nazisme, le fascisme et toute sorte de despotisme seront vaincus, et la méchanceté exactement impuissante, comme elle est (car elle n'est rien). Tel est l'avenir prochain, que renferme ce petit livre." The last lines of this quotation, expressing Alain's public thought regarding antisemitic hatred and nazism, deserve attention: "Then [when enlightened men have formed the "Spinoza party", the "jewish party"] without fight, nazism, fascism and all other kinds of despotism will be defeated and malevolence will be properly powerless, as it is actually (for malevolence by itself is nothing). Such is the future that is coming, the future that is contained in this little book." (Alain, Spinoza, Gallimard, Collection TEL, Preface, 1946). The same ambiguity can be observed as to Alain's attitude towards Hitler. In his Propos, Alain writes that Hitler is "a great patriot". But he adds "When I say that Hitler is one of these great leaders, understand carefully that I feel sorry for the people that have such leaders, and also sorry for their neighbours". (Propos d'Alain, Propos du 10 avril 1936, Gallimard, Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Copyright 1956, page 1305). Death[edit] He died in 1951. He is buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery. See also[edit] List of peace activists Select bibliography[edit] Mars, or The Truth about War, London, Toronto, and New York: Jonathan Cape & Harrison Smith, 1930. Translated from the French by Doris Mudie and Elizabeth Hill. Foreword by André Maurois. Foreword by Denis Saurat. Alain on Happiness, New York: Frederick Ungar, 1973; Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1973, 1989. Translated by Robert D. and Jane E. Cottrell. introduction by Robert D. Cottrell. The Gods, New York: New Directions, 1974. Translated by Richard Pevear. References[edit] ^ Thomas R. Nevin, Simone Weil: Portrait of a Self-exiled Jew, University of North Carolina Press, 2000, p. 40. ^ a b c Foray, Philippe (1993). "Alain" (PDF). Prospects: The Quarterly Review of Comparative Education. Paris: UNESCO: International Bureau of Education. XXIII (1/2): 21–37. doi:10.1007/bf02195023. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-05-27. Retrieved 2009-04-14. ^ Tracy Chevalier (ed,), Encyclopedia of the Essay, Routledge, 2012, p. 12. ^ Lycée Pierre Corneille de Rouen - History ^ John Hellman (1983). Simone Weil: An Introduction to Her Thought. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. p. 8. ISBN 0-88920-121-8. ^ "Alain", britannica.com. Retrieved 5 May 2019. ^ Patrick H. Hutton, ed. Historical Dictionary of the Third French Republic, 1870-1940 (1986) vol 1 pp 12-13. ^ Leschi, Didier; Kestel, Laurent (10 April 2019). "France's Repressed Fascist Past". Jacobin (magazine). Retrieved 19 May 2019. Further reading[edit] André Maurois, Alain, Paris: Éditions Domat, 1950. André Maurois, Destins exemplaires (Paris: Plon, 1952); English translation: Profiles of Great Men (translated by Helen Temple Patterson; Ipswich, Suffolk: Tower Bridge Publications, 1954) - contains chapter on Alain. Georges Pascal, La pensée d'Alain, Paris: Bordas, 1946. Judith Robinson, Alain, lecteur de Balzac et de Stendhal, Paris: Corti, 1958. External links[edit] Media related to Alain (Émile Chartier) at Wikimedia Commons Works written by or about Émile Chartier at Wikisource Quotations related to Émile Chartier at Wikiquote Works by or about Émile Chartier in libraries (WorldCat catalog) About Alain Alain, Philosophical and Humanistic Norman Works by Alain (in French) Authority control BNE: XX1053969 BNF: cb118855912 (data) CANTIC: a10406694 CiNii: DA00342795 GND: 118501321 ISNI: 0000 0003 6863 7721 LCCN: n80015639 NDL: 00431138 NKC: ola2002105774 NLA: 36551686 NLI: 000603886 NLK: KAC199604875 NTA: 068486820 PLWABN: 9810669256205606 SELIBR: 284744 SNAC: w6c55z5p SUDOC: 026648156 Trove: 1287787 VcBA: 495/43410 VIAF: 12302923 WorldCat Identities: viaf-90145542415996640429 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Émile_Chartier&oldid=996841926" Categories: 1868 births 1951 deaths 19th-century French non-fiction writers 19th-century philosophers 20th-century French non-fiction writers 20th-century philosophers Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery Contemporary philosophers Continental philosophers Cultural critics École Normale Supérieure alumni French classical liberals French male non-fiction writers French pacifists French philosophers Lycée Henri-IV teachers Lycée Pierre-Corneille alumni People from Mortagne-au-Perche Philosophers of culture Philosophers of history Philosophers of war Political philosophers Radical Party (France) politicians Scholars of antisemitism Social commentators Social critics Social philosophers Hidden categories: Articles to be expanded from October 2018 All articles to be expanded Articles needing translation from French Wikipedia Articles with hCards Commons category link is on Wikidata Articles with French-language sources (fr) Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLI identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers Wikipedia articles with VcBA identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikiquote Wikisource Languages العربية Čeština Deutsch Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français 한국어 Հայերեն Ido Italiano עברית مصرى مازِرونی Nederlands 日本語 Polski Português Română Русский کوردی Suomi Türkçe Українська 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 28 December 2020, at 21:41 (UTC). 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