Inductionism - Wikipedia Inductionism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Inductionism is the scientific philosophy where laws are "induced" from sets of data. As an example, one might measure the strength of electrical forces at varying distances from charges and induce the inverse square law of electrostatics. This concept is considered one of the two pillars of the old view of the philosophy of science, together with verifiability.[1] An application of inductionism can show how experimental evidence can confirm or inductively justify the belief in generalization and the laws of nature.[2] Contents 1 Origin and development 2 Opposing views 3 See also 4 References Origin and development[edit] Some aspects of induction has been credited to Aristotle. For example, in Prior Analytics, he proposed an inductive syllogism, which served to establish the primary and immediate proposition.[3] For scholars, this constitutes the principle of demonstrative science.[3] The Greek philosopher, however, did not develop a detailed theory of induction.[4] Some sources even state that the Aristotelian conceptualization of induction is different from its modern mainstream interpretations due to its position that inductive arguments are deductively valid.[5] The early form of modern inductionism is associated with the philosophies of thinkers such as Francis Bacon.[6] This can be demonstrated in the way Bacon favored the steady and incremental collection of empirical evidence using a method that derives general principles from the senses and particulars, gradually leading to the most general principles.[5] Inductionism is also said to be based on Newtonian physics.[1] This is evident in Isaac Newton's Rule of Reasoning in Philosophy, which articulated his belief that it is imperative to cover the unobservably small features of the world through a methodology that has a strong empirical base.[7] Here, the speculative hypothesis was replaced by induction from premises obtained through observation and experiment.[7] Opposing views[edit] It is noted that no law of science can be considered mere inductive generalization of facts because each law does not exist in isolation.[8] This is for, instance, demonstrated by thinkers such as Stuart Mill, who maintained that inductionism is the initial act in the formulation of a general law using the deductive approaches to science.[9] There are thinkers who propose a model that is considered anti-inductionism. These include Karl Popper, who argued that science could progress without making any use of induction[10] and that there is a fundamental asymmetry between induction and deduction.[11] See also[edit] Inductive reasoning References[edit] ^ a b Hsieh, Ching-Yao; Ye, Meng-Hua (2016-09-16). Economics, Philosophy and Physics. Routledge. ISBN 9781315489230. ^ Nola, Robert; Irzik, Gurol (2005). Philosophy, Science, Education and Culture. Dordrecht: Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 215. ISBN 1402037694. ^ a b Biondi, Paolo C. (2004). Aristotle, Posterior Analytics II.19: Introduction, Greek Text, Translation and Commentary Accompanied by a Critical Analysis. Saint-Nicolas, Quebec: Presses Université Laval. p. 195. ISBN 2763780814. ^ Hoffe, Otfried (2003). Aristotle: The Rise of For-Profit Universities. Translated by Salazar, Christine. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. p. 58. ISBN 0791456331. ^ a b Groarke, Louis (2009). An Aristotelian Account of Induction: Creating Something from Nothing. Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. p. 138. ISBN 9780773535954. ^ White, James (2005). Advancing Family Theories. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. p. 21. ISBN 0761929053. ^ a b Butts, Robert (1986). Kant's Philosophy of Physical Science. Dordrecht: D. Reidel Publishing Company. p. 273. ISBN 9027723095. ^ Kwasnicki, Witold (1996). Knowledge, Innovation and Economy: An Evolutionary Exploration. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 6. ISBN 1858983495. ^ Miller, Robert Lee; Brewer, John D. (2003). The A-Z of Social Research: A Dictionary of Key Social Science Research Concepts. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Pyblications. pp. 68. ISBN 0-7619-7133-5. ^ Schurz, Gerhard (2013). Philosophy of Science: A Unified Approach. Oxon: Routledge. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-134-10115-3. ^ Hsieh, Ching-Yao; Ye, Meng-Hua (2016). Economics, Philosophy and Physics. Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-315-48923-0. v t e Philosophy of science Concepts Analysis Analytic–synthetic distinction A priori and a posteriori Causality Commensurability Consilience Construct Creative synthesis Demarcation problem Empirical evidence Explanatory power Fact Falsifiability Feminist method Functional contextualism Ignoramus et ignorabimus Inductive reasoning Intertheoretic reduction Inquiry Nature Objectivity Observation Paradigm Problem of induction Scientific law Scientific method Scientific revolution Scientific theory Testability Theory choice Theory-ladenness Underdetermination Unity of science Metatheory of science Coherentism Confirmation holism Constructive empiricism Constructive realism Constructivist epistemology Contextualism Conventionalism Deductive-nomological model Hypothetico-deductive model Inductionism Epistemological anarchism Evolutionism Fallibilism Foundationalism Instrumentalism Pragmatism Model-dependent realism Naturalism Physicalism Positivism / Reductionism / Determinism Rationalism / Empiricism Received view / Semantic view of theories Scientific realism / Anti-realism Scientific essentialism Scientific formalism Scientific skepticism Scientism Structuralism Uniformitarianism Vitalism Philosophy of Physics thermal and statistical Motion Chemistry Biology Geography Social science Technology Engineering Artificial intelligence Computer science Information Mind Psychiatry Psychology Perception Space and time Related topics Alchemy Criticism of science Descriptive science Epistemology Faith and rationality Hard and soft science History and philosophy of science History of science History of evolutionary thought Logic Metaphysics Normative science Pseudoscience Relationship between religion and science Rhetoric of science Science studies Sociology of scientific knowledge Sociology of scientific ignorance Philosophers of science by era Ancient Plato Aristotle Stoicism Epicureans Medieval Averroes Avicenna Roger Bacon William of Ockham Hugh of Saint Victor Dominicus Gundissalinus Robert Kilwardby Early modern Francis Bacon Thomas Hobbes René Descartes Galileo Galilei Pierre Gassendi Isaac Newton David Hume Late modern Immanuel Kant Friedrich Schelling William Whewell Auguste Comte John Stuart Mill Herbert Spencer Wilhelm Wundt Charles Sanders Peirce Wilhelm Windelband Henri Poincaré Pierre Duhem Rudolf Steiner Karl Pearson Contemporary Alfred North Whitehead Bertrand Russell Albert Einstein Otto Neurath C. 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You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inductionism&oldid=993650854" Categories: Metatheory of science Inductive reasoning Philosophy stubs Hidden categories: All stub articles Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages Polski Slovenčina Edit links This page was last edited on 11 December 2020, at 19:14 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. 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