Economist - Wikipedia Economist From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search This article is about the profession. For the news publication, see The Economist. For other uses, see Economist (disambiguation). The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the English-speaking world and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (May 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) “Nobody ever saw a dog make a fair and deliberate exchange of one bone for another with another dog.” ― Adam Smith Part of a series on Economics Index Outline Category History Branches Classification History of economics Schools of economics Mainstream economics Heterodox economics Economic methodology Economic theory Political economy Microeconomics Macroeconomics International economics Applied economics Mathematical economics Econometrics JEL classification codes Concepts Theory Techniques Economic systems Economic growth Market National accounting Experimental economics Computational economics Game theory Operations research Middle income trap By application Agricultural Behavioral Business Cultural Demographic Development Digitization Ecological Education Engineering Environmental Evolutionary Expeditionary Economic geography Financial Health Economic history Industrial organization Information Institutional Knowledge Labour Law Managerial Monetary Natural resource Organizational Personnel Economic planning Economic policy Public economics Public / Social choice Regional Rural Service Socioeconomics Economic sociology Economic statistics Urban Welfare Welfare economics Notable economists François Quesnay Adam Smith David Ricardo Thomas Robert Malthus John Stuart Mill Karl Marx William Stanley Jevons Léon Walras Alfred Marshall Irving Fisher John Maynard Keynes Arthur Cecil Pigou John Hicks Wassily Leontief Paul Samuelson more Lists Economists Publications (journals) Glossary Glossary of economics  Business portal  Money portal v t e An economist is a practitioner in the social science discipline of economics. The individual may also study, develop, and apply theories and concepts from economics and write about economic policy. Within this field there are many sub-fields, ranging from the broad philosophical theories to the focused study of minutiae within specific markets, macroeconomic analysis, microeconomic analysis or financial statement analysis, involving analytical methods and tools such as econometrics, statistics, economics computational models, financial economics, mathematical finance and mathematical economics. Contents 1 Professions 2 By country 2.1 Brazil 2.2 United States 2.3 United Kingdom 3 Notable economists 4 See also 5 References 5.1 Citations 5.2 Sources 6 External links Professions[edit] Fed Chairman Alan Greenspan, who obtained his Ph.D. in economics from New York University, testifies before the U.S. House Committee on Financial Services In 2014, head of the Federal reserve Janet Yellen, speaks with IMF Managing Director Christine Lagarde Economists work in many fields including academia, government and in the private sector, where they may also "...study data and statistics in order to spot trends in economic activity, economic confidence levels, and consumer attitudes. They assess this information using advanced methods in statistical analysis, mathematics, computer programming [and] they make recommendations about ways to improve the efficiency of a system or take advantage of trends as they begin."[1] In contrast to regulated professions such as engineering, law or medicine, there is not a legally required educational requirement or license for economists. In academia, most economists have a Ph.D. degree in Economics.[citation needed] In the U.S. Government, on the other hand, a person can be hired as an economist provided that they have a degree that included or was supplemented by 21 semester hours in economics and three hours in statistics, accounting, or calculus.[2] A professional working inside of one of many fields of economics or having an academic degree in this subject is often considered to be an economist.[3] In addition to government and academia, economists are also employed in banking, finance, accountancy, commerce, marketing, business administration, lobbying and non- or not-for profit organizations.[4] Politicians often consult economists before enacting economic policy. Many statesmen have academic degrees in economics. By country[edit] Economics graduates are employable in varying degrees depending on the regional economic scenario and labour market conditions at the time for a given country. Apart from the specific understanding of the subject, employers value the skills of numeracy and analysis, the ability to communicate and the capacity to grasp broad issues which the graduates acquire at the university or college. Whilst only a few[quantify] economics graduates may be expected to become professional economists,[citation needed] many find it a base for entry into a career in finance – including accounting, insurance, tax and banking, or management;[citation needed] see Financial analyst #Qualification. A number of economics graduates from around the world have been successful in obtaining employment in a variety of major national and international firms in the financial and commercial sectors, and in manufacturing, retailing and IT, as well as in the public sector – for example, in the health and education sectors, or in government and politics. Small numbers[quantify][citation needed] go on to undertake postgraduate studies, either in economics, research, teacher training or further qualifications in specialist areas. Brazil[edit] In Brazil, unlike most countries in the world where the profession is not regulated, the profession of Economist is regulated by Law. 1411 of August 13, 1951. The professional designation of economist, according to the said law, is exclusive to the bachelors in economics graduates in Brazil.[5] United States[edit] Economist salaries by educational attainment.[6] According to the United States Department of Labor, there were about 15,000 non-academic economists in the United States in 2008, with a median salary of roughly $83,000 the top ten percent earning more than $147,040 annually.[7] Nearly 135 colleges and universities[8][verification needed] grant around 900 new Ph.D.s every year. Incomes are highest for those in the private sector, followed by the federal government, with academia paying the lowest incomes. As of January 2013, PayScale.com showed Ph.D. economists' salary ranges as follows: all Ph.D. economists, $61,000 to $160,000; Ph.D. corporate economists, $71,000 to $207,000; economics full professors, $89,000 to $137,000; economics associate professors, $59,000 to $156,000, and economics assistant professors, $72,000 to $100,000.[6] United Kingdom[edit] The largest single professional grouping of economists in the UK are the more than 1000 members of the Government Economic Service, who work in 30 government departments and agencies.[citation needed] Analysis of destination surveys for economics graduates from a number of selected top schools of economics in the United Kingdom (ranging from Newcastle University to the London School of Economics), shows nearly 80 percent in employment six months after graduation – with a wide range of roles and employers, including regional, national and international organisations, across many sectors.[citation needed] This figure compares very favourably with the national picture, with 64 percent of economics graduates in employment.[citation needed] Notable economists[edit] See also: History of economic thought Some current well-known economists include: B. R. Ambedkar, who was an Indian scholar, jurist, economist, politician and social reformer. The Reserve Bank of India was conceptualized in accordance with the guidelines presented by Dr Ambedkar to the Hilton Young Commission (also known as Royal Commission on Indian Currency and Finance) based on his book, The Problem of the Rupee – Its Origin and Its Solution. Amartya Sen (b. 1933), Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureate and professor at Harvard University. Kenneth Arrow, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureate and professor at Stanford University. Robert Aumann (b. 1930), Israeli-American mathematician, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 2005 Ben Bernanke, Chairman of the Federal Reserve from 2006 to 2014. Esther Duflo, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureate and professor at MIT John Maynard Keynes, English economist well-known for forming the basis of Keynesian economics Milton Friedman, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureate. Claudia Goldin, professor at Harvard University Alan Greenspan, Chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1987 to 2006. James Heckman, 2000 Nobel Prize winner and Professor at University of Chicago; most cited economist as of 2018. Glenn Hubbard, Dean of the Columbia University Graduate School of Business; Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers from 2001 to 2003. Thomas M. Humphrey, American economist and historian of economic thought. Paul Krugman, a 2008 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureate, a public intellectual, and an advocate of modern liberal policies. Greg Mankiw, American macroeconomist, academic economist, public intellectual, Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers from 2003 to 2005. Joseph Stiglitz, 2001 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics winner, critic of inequality and the governance of globalization, and former World Bank Chief Economist. Janet Yellen, Chair of the Federal Reserve from 2014 to 2018. Dambisa Moyo, a Zambian-born international economist and author who analyzes the macroeconomy and global affairs. Thomas Piketty, French economist and author of Capital in the Twenty-First Century. Robert Lucas Jr. , 1995 Nobel Prize in Economics winner. Carmen Reinhart, member of American Economic Association, 2018, King Juan Carlos Prize in Economics winner William Forsyth Sharpe, 1990 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winner Christopher Antoniou Pissarides, 2010 the Nobel Prize in Economics. Arthur Laffer, 2019 Presidential Medal of Freedom winner Jeffrey Sachs, Professor of Sustainable Development at Columbia's School of International and Public Affairs, 2015 Blue Planet Prize awarded Vusal Gasimli, Azerbaijani economist and public intellectual, author of Geo-Economics Karl Marx, Political and economic philosopher Adam smith, Scottish economist and philosopher. Known as father of economics. See also[edit] Business and economics portal Chief economist List of economists References[edit] Citations[edit] ^ Economist ^ "Economist Series, 0110: U.S. Office of Personnel Management". ^ "Economists : Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics". www.bls.gov. Retrieved 2017-02-02. ^ "Economics Jobs and Economist Jobs - Econ-Jobs.com". ^ "Guia do mercado de trabalho do economista CORECON". Retrieved 2018-01-14. ^ a b "Pay Scale, US income of Economists". Retrieved 2013-01-14. ^ US Bureau of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook Archived April 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine ^ "Subscription Application". Sources[edit] Mark Blaug and Howard R. Vane (1983, 2003 4th ed.). Who's who in Economics [ru]. Table of Contents links. Cheltenham & Edward Elgar Pub. Pressman, Steven, 2006. Fifty Major Economists. Routledge, Robert Sobel, 1980. The Worldly Economists . External links[edit] Wikiquote has quotations related to: Economist The dictionary definition of economist at Wiktionary Authority control GND: 4066533-1 LCCN: sh85040878 NARA: 10640259 NDL: 00565441 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economist&oldid=998813787" Categories: Economics occupations Social science occupations Economists Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links Articles with limited geographic scope from May 2015 Anglophone-centric All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from December 2019 Articles with unsourced statements from July 2016 All pages needing factual verification Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from June 2016 Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016 Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version In other projects Wikimedia Commons Wikinews Wikiquote Languages Afrikaans العربية Azərbaycanca Български Català Čeština Cymraeg Dansk Deutsch Eesti Ελληνικά Español Esperanto Euskara فارسی Français Gaeilge Gàidhlig 한국어 Հայերեն Bahasa Indonesia Italiano עברית Қазақша Lietuvių Magyar मराठी Nederlands 日本語 Norsk bokmål Norsk nynorsk Occitan ਪੰਜਾਬੀ Polski Português Română Русский Саха тыла Scots Shqip සිංහල Simple English Slovenčina Slovenščina Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски Suomi Svenska ไทย Тоҷикӣ Türkçe Українська Vèneto Tiếng Việt 吴语 ייִדיש 粵語 Zazaki 中文 Edit links This page was last edited on 7 January 2021, at 04:18 (UTC). 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