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	Conservatism in South Korea

	
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Conservatism in South Korea is chiefly associated with the People Power Party (South Korea). Traditional South korea conservatism is a political and social philosophy characterized by Korean culture traditions originating from Confucianism in korea, pro-business, opposition to trade unions, strong national defense, free trade, anti-communism, pro-communitarianism, pro-economic interventionism but anti-welfare state. Until May 10, 2017, the conservative Park Geun-hye government was the last conservative government of the Sixth Republic of South Korea.

Starting from the dictatorship of Syngman Rhee, South Korean conservatism has been influenced from the military dictatorships of Park Chung-hee and Chun Doo-hwan. In domestic policy, South Korean conservatism has a strong elitist streak and promotes rapid modernization and social stability.[1]


Contents


	1 Values
	2 Media
	3 Conservative parties
	3.1 Mainstream parties
	3.2 Minor parties



	4 Conservative presidents
	5 Major conservative parties election results of South Korea
	5.1 General elections
	5.2 Local elections



	6 See also
	7 References
	8 External links





Values[edit]

Conservatism in South Korea is fervently anti-communist. South Korean conservatives oppose relations with North Korea and support upholding the National Security Act. Because of this, conservatives oppose ethnic nationalism. South korean conservative’s nationalism is mixed ethnic nationalism with civic nationalism.

South korea’s conservative philosophy is derived in part from the Neoconservatism and Neoliberalism. So conservatives believe economic liberalism and oppose welfare states. But due to the influence of the Park Chung-hee, conservatives advocate economic interventionism

Conservatives also advocate communitarianism. Because conservatives are influenced by korean culture traditions originating from Confucianism in Korea.

Conservatives strongly oppose LGBT rights, with former Liberty Korea Party candidate Hong Jun-pyo blaming homosexuals for weakening the South Korean military and spreading AIDs during the 2017 Presidential Debates.[2]

In 2020, People Power Party (South Korea)’s leader Kim Chong-in apologized for Gwangju Democratization Movement. [3] But some conservative citizen groups such as the Korean Council for Restoration National Identity and American and Korean Friendship National Council protested at UNESCO headquarters in Paris in May 2011 to prevent inscribing the records of the Gwangju Democratization Movement in the Memory of the World Register, and to petition for" reconsidering identifying North Korean Special Forces as the perpetrators of the GDM.[4]

Jeong Tae-heon, a professor of Korean history at Korea University has expressed concerns that disputes over the term "liberal democracy" reflect a strong conservative bias reacting against North Korea's political ideologies, similar to political views seen in 1950.[5]

It has been alleged that the South Korean right has promoted McCarthyism-like red scares among the South Korean public.[6][clarification needed] This includes an incident before the 1996 Legislative Elections, where conservative lawmakers were arrested for secretly meeting with North Korean agents in Beijing to seek North's help in manipulating the outcome of the election in exchange for payoffs.[7] The North fired artillery into the Join Security Zone on the DMZ, which caused panic among South Korean electorates, benefiting the conservative party.[8]


Media[edit]

The Chojoongdong media cartel wields the largest political influence in the South Korean political scene through newspaper and other print publications. The three media cartels have been criticized for fabricating stories against North Korea to support conservative rhetoric.


Conservative parties[edit]

The political party that once were ruling party are in bold. KIP is the exception for being a ruling party during Provisional Governmental era.


Mainstream parties[edit]

	Korea Independence Party (1928–1970)
	National Alliance for the Rapid Realization of Korean Independence (1946–1958; Governing period: 1948–1950)
	Korea Nationalist Party (1948–1958; Governing years: 1950–1954)
	Liberal Party (1951–1970; Governing period: 1954–1960)
	Democratic Republican Party (1963–1980)


		Korean National Party → New Democratic Republican Party (1980–1990)




	Democratic Justice Party (1980–1990 also as governing period)
	Democratic Liberal Party → New Korea Party (1990–1997)


		United Liberal Democrats (1992–2006)




	Grand National Party → Saenuri Party → Liberty Korea Party (1997–2020; Governing period: 2007–2017)


		Liberty Forward Party → Advancement Unification Party (2006–2012)
	Pro-Park Coalition → Future Hope Alliance (2007–2012)
	Bareun Party (2016–2018)
	Bareunmirae Party (2018–2020)
	New Conservative Party (2020)




	United Future Party → People Power Party (since 2020)


		Future Korea Party (satellite party for the 2020 election)




Minor parties[edit]

	Korean Resistance Party (1945–1950)
	Federation Korean National Independence (1947–1951)
	Korea National Party (1947–1958)
	Democratic Unification Party (1973–1980)
	United People's Party → Democratic Party (1992–1995)
	People First Party (2005–2008)
	Korea Economic Party (2016- )


Conservative presidents[edit]

	Rhee Syng-man (Liberal Party, 1948–1960)
	Park Chung-hee (Military junta/Democratic Republican Party, 1962–1979)
	Chun Doo-hwan (Military junta/Democratic Justice Party, 1980–1988)
	Roh Tae-woo (Democratic Justice Party→Democratic Liberal Party, 1988–1993)
	Kim Young-sam (Democratic Liberal Party→New Korea Party→Grand National Party, 1993–1998)
	Lee Myung-bak (Grand National Party→Saenuri Party, 2008–2013)
	Park Geun-hye (Saenuri Party→Liberty Korea Party, 2013–2017)


Major conservative parties election results of South Korea[edit]

	Election
	Candidate
	Total votes
	Share of votes
	Outcome
	Party Name

	1948
	Rhee Syng-man
	180 (electoral vote)
	91.8%
	Elected Y
	NARKKI

	Kim Gu
	13 (electoral vote)
	6.7%
	Defeated N
	Korean Independence Party

	1952
	Rhee Syng-man
	5,238,769
	74.6%
	Elected Y
	Liberal Party

	1956
	Rhee Syng-man
	5,046,437
	70.0%
	Elected Y
	Liberal Party

	March 1960
	Rhee Syng-man
	9,633,376
	100.0%
	Elected Y
	Liberal Party

	August 1960
	no candidate
	N/A

	1963
	Park Chung-hee
	4,702,640
	46.6%
	Elected Y
	Democratic Republican Party

	1967
	Park Chung-hee
	5,688,666
	51.4%
	Elected Y
	Democratic Republican Party

	1971
	Park Chung-hee
	6,342,828
	53.2%
	Elected Y
	Democratic Republican Party

	1972
	Park Chung-hee
	2,357 (electoral vote)
	99.91
	Elected Y
	Democratic Republican Party

	1978
	Park Chung-hee
	2,578 (electoral vote)
	99.96%
	Elected Y
	Democratic Republican Party

	1981
	Chun Doo-hwan
	4,755 (electoral vote)
	90.2%
	Elected Y
	Democratic Justice Party

	1987
	Roh Tae-woo
	8,282,738
	36.6%
	Elected Y
	Democratic Justice Party

	Kim Young-sam
	6,337,581
	28.0%
	Defeated N
	Reunification Democratic Party

	Kim Jong-pil
	1,823,067
	8.1%
	Defeated N
	New Democratic Republican Party

	1992
	Kim Young-sam
	9,977,332
	42.0%
	Elected Y
	Democratic Liberal Party

	Chung Ju-yung
	3,880,067
	16.3%
	Defeated N
	United People's Party

	1997
	Lee Hoi-chang
	9,935,718
	38.7%
	Defeated N
	Grand National Party

	2002
	Lee Hoi-chang
	11,443,297
	46.5%
	Defeated N
	Grand National Party

	2007
	Lee Myung-bak
	11,492,389
	48.7%
	Elected Y
	Grand National Party

	2012
	Park Geun-hye
	15,773,128
	51.6%
	Elected Y
	Saenuri Party

	2017
	Hong Jun-pyo
	7,852,849
	24.03%
	Defeated N
	Liberty Korea Party

	Yoo Seung-min
	2,208,771
	6.76%
	Defeated N
	Bareun Party



General elections[edit]

	Election
	Total seats won
	Total votes
	Share of votes
	Outcome of election
	Status
	Election leader
	Party Name

	1948
	55 / 200



	1,755,543
	26.1
	new 55 seats; Minority
	in government
	Rhee Syng-man
	NARRKI

	1950
	24 / 210



	677,173
	9.7
	new 24 seats; Minority
	in government
	Yun Chi-young
	Korea Nationalist Party

	14 / 210



	473,153
	6.8
	41 seats; Minority
	in government
	Rhee Syng-man
	National Association

	1954
	114 / 203



	2,756,061
	36.8
	new 114 seats; Majority
	in government
	Rhee Syng-man
	Liberal Party

	3 / 210



	192,109
	2.6
	11 seats; Minority
	in government
	
	National Association

	3 / 203



	72,923
	1.0
	21 seats; Minority
	in government
	Yun Chi-young
	Korea Nationalist Party

	1958
	126 / 233



	3,607,092
	42.1
	12 seats; Majority
	in government
	Rhee Syng-man
	Liberal Party

	1960
	2 / 233



	249,960
	2.8
	124 seats; Majority
	in opposition
	Rhee Syng-man
	Liberal Party

	1963
	110 / 175



	3,112,985
	33.5%
	new 110 seats; Majority
	in government
	Park Chung-hee
	Democratic Republican Party

	1967
	129 / 175



	5,494,922
	50.6%
	19 seats; Majority
	in government
	Park Chung-hee
	Democratic Republican Party

	1971
	113 / 204



	5,460,581
	48.8%
	16 seats; Majority
	in government
	Park Chung-hee
	Democratic Republican Party

	1973
	146 / 219



	4,251,754
	38.7%
	40 seats; Majority
	in government
	Park Chung-hee
	Democratic Republican Party

	1978
	145 / 231



	4,695,995
	31.7%
	2 seats; Majority
	in government
	Park Chung-hee
	Democratic Republican Party

	1981
	151 / 276



	5,776,624
	35.6%
	new 151 seats; Majority
	in government
	Chun Doo-hwan
	Democratic Justice Party

	1985
	148 / 276



	7,040,811
	34.0%
	3 seats; Majority
	in government
	Chun Doo-hwan
	Democratic Justice Party

	1988
	125 / 299



	6,675,494
	34.0%
	23 seats; Minority
	in government
	Roh Tae-woo
	Democratic Justice Party

	59 / 299



	4,680,175
	23.8%
	new 59 seats; Minority
	in opposition (1988-1990)
	Kim Young-sam
	Reunification Democratic Party

	in government (1990-1993)

	35 / 299



	3,062,506
	15.6%
	new 35 seats; Minority
	in opposition (1988-1990)
	Kim Jong-pil
	New Democratic Republican Party

	in government (1990-1993)

	1992
	149 / 299



	7,923,719
	38.5%
	new 149 seats; Minority
	in government
	Roh Tae-woo
	Democratic Liberal Party

	31 / 299



	3,574,419
	17.4%
	new 31 seats; Minority
	in opposition
	Chung Ju-yung
	United People's Party

	1996
	139 / 299



	6,783,730
	34.5%
	new 139 seats; Minority
	in government (1996-1998)
	Kim Young-sam
	New Korea Party

	in opposition (1998-2000)

	50 / 299



	3,178,474
	16.2%
	new 50 seats; Minority
	in opposition (1996-1998)
	Kim Jong-pil
	United Liberal Democrats

	in government (1998-2000)

	2000
	133 / 273



	7,365,359
	39.0%
	new 133 seats; Minority
	in opposition
	Lee Hoi-chang
	Grand National Party

	17 / 273



	1,859,331
	9.8%
	35 seats; Minority
	in government (2000-2001)
	Kim Jong-pil
	United Liberal Democrats

	in opposition (2001-2004)

	2004
	121 / 299



	7,613,660
	35.8%
	24 seats; Minority
	in opposition
	Park Geun-hye
	Grand National Party

	4 / 299



	600,462
	2.8%
	6 seats; Minority
	in opposition
	Kim Jong-pil
	United Liberal Democrats

	2008
	153 / 299



	6,421,654
	37.5%
	32 seats; Majority
	in government
	Kang Jae-seop
	Grand National Party

	18 / 299



	1,173,463
	6.8%
	new 18 seats; Minority
	in government
	Lee Hoi-chang
	Liberty Forward Party

	14 / 299



	2,258,750
	13.2%
	new 14 seats; Minority
	in government
	Suh Chung-won
	Pro-Park Coalition

	2012
	152 / 300



	9,130,651
	42.8%
	new 152 seats; Majority
	in government
	Park Geun-hye
	Saenuri Party

	5 / 300



	690,754
	3.2%
	13 seats; Minority
	in government
	Sim Dae-pyung
	Liberty Forward Party

	2016
	122 / 300



	7,960,272
	42.8%
	30 seats; Minority
	in government (2016-2017)
	Kim Moo-sung
	Saenuri Party

	in opposition (2017-2020)

	2020
	103 / 300



	11,915,277 (Constituency)
9,441,520 (Party-list PR)
	41.45% (Constituency)
33.84% (Party-list PR)
	8 seats; Minority
	in opposition
	Hwang Kyo-ahn
	United Future Party (Constituency)
Future Korea Party (Party-list PR)



Local elections[edit]

	Election
	Metropolitan mayor/Governor
	Provincial legislature
	Municipal mayor
	Municipal legislature
	Party Name

	1995
	5 / 15



	284 / 875



	70 / 230



	
	Democratic Liberal Party

	4 / 15



	82 / 875



	23 / 230



	
	United Liberal Democrats

	1998
	6 / 16



	224 / 616



	74 / 232



	
	Grand National Party

	4 / 16



	82 / 616



	29 / 232



	
	United Liberal Democrats

	2002
	11 / 16



	467 / 682



	136 / 227



	
	Grand National Party

	1 / 16



	33 / 682



	16 / 227



	
	United Liberal Democrats

	2006
	12 / 16



	557 / 733



	155 / 230



	1,621 / 2,888



	Grand National Party

	2010
	6 / 16



	288 / 761



	82 / 228



	1,247 / 2,888



	Grand National Party

	1 / 16



	41 / 761



	13 / 228



	117 / 2,888



	Liberty Forward Party

	0 / 16



	3 / 761



	0 / 228



	19 / 2,888



	Pro-Park Coalition

	2014
	8 / 17



	416 / 789



	117 / 226



	1,413 / 2,898



	Saenuri Party

	2018
	2 / 17



	137 / 824



	53 / 226



	1,009 / 2,927



	Liberty Korea Party



See also[edit]

	Conservative political parties in South Korea (in Korean)
	Christian Liberal Party
	Progressivism in South Korea
	Liberalism in South Korea


References[edit]


	^ 한국 보수주의를 묻는다. Historical Criticism (in Korean) (95). Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2011.

	^ https://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=100&oid=015&aid=0003761058

	^ 
김종인 “호남 홀대해 전국민에 실망”…주호영 “호남에 죄송합니다”. The Donga Ilbo (in Korean). 23 September 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2020.

	^ 
Bae, Myeong-jae (11 May 2011). 보수단체 "광주학살은 北 특수부대 소행". The Kyunghyang Shinmun (in Korean). Retrieved 19 November 2011.

	^ 
Park, Jang-jun (13 November 2011). 한국의 보수는 1950년에 머물러 있다. Media Today (in Korean). Retrieved 19 November 2011.

	^ 
Kang, Hyun-kyung (2 April 2012). "Is red scare right-wing conspiracy?". The Korea Times. Retrieved 6 May 2012.

	^ http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1998-03-29/news/9803290316_1_korean-north-korea-kwon-young-hae

	^ http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1998-03-29/news/9803290316_1_korean-north-korea-kwon-young-hae





External links[edit]

	Review of the 60 years of Korean Conservatism ― Tasks in Leading National Advancement, by Park Hyo-chong
	보수세력이 친일파 되살리는 까닭은? (Why does the Korean Conservative political camp want to bring back the Chinilpa scene?) - relating to the Korean Broadcasting System's controversial documentaries (in Korean)


	
	v
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Grand National Party (1997–2012) / Saenuri Party (2012–2017) / Liberty Korea Party (2017–2020)

	Leaders (acting)	
	Cho Soon
	Lee Han-dong
	Lee Hoi-chang
	Park Kwan-yong
	Seo Cheong-won
	Choi Byeong-yul
	Park Geun-hye
	Kang Jae-sup
	Park Hee-tae
	Chung Mong-joon
	Ahn Sang-soo
	Jeong Ui-hwa
	Hong Joon-pyo
	Park Geun-hye
	Hwang Woo-yea
	Lee Wan-gu
	Kim Moo-sung
	Won Yoo-chul
	Lee Jung-hyun




	Presidential candidates
Presidents	
	Lee Hoi-chang (1997)
	Lee Hoi-chang (2002)
	Lee Myung-bak (2007)
	Park Geun-hye (2012)
	Hong Joon-pyo (2017)




	Floor leaders	
	15th (1996): Mok Yo-sang
	Lee Sang-deuk
	Ha Soon-bong
	Park Hee-tae
	Lee Boo-young
16th (2000): Jung Chang-hwa
	Lee Jae-oh
	Lee Kyu-taek
	Hong Sa-duk
17th (2004): Kim Duk-ryong
	Kang Jae-sup
	Lee Jae-oh
	Kim Hyung-oh
	Ahn Sang-soo
18th (2008): Hong Joon-pyo
	Ahn Sang-soo
	Kim Moo-sung
	Hwang Woo-yea
	19th (2012): Lee Hahn-koo
	Choi Kyoung-hwan
	Lee Wan-koo
	Yoo Seong-min
	Won Yoo-chul
20th (2016): Chung Jin-suk
	Chung Woo-taek
	Kim Sung-tae
	Na Kyung-won




	Preceding parties	
	Democratic Liberal Party / New Korea Party (1995–1997)
	Democratic Party (1995–1997)
	United Liberal Democrats (1995–2006)




	Splinter parties	
	Liberty Forward / Advancement Unification (2008–2012)
	Pro-Park Coalition / Future Hope Alliance (2008–2012)
	Conservative New Party for Reform / Bareun Party (2016–2018)




	Succeeding parties	
	United Future Party / People Power Party (2020–present)




	Related articles	
	Conservatism in South Korea




	 Conservatism portal




	
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 Political parties in South Korea

	Parliamentary	
	Democratic Party (174)
	People Power Party (102)
	Justice Party (6)
	People Party (3)
	Open Democratic Party (3)
	Basic Income Party (1)
	Period Transition (1)




	in Local Assemblies	
	Minsaeng Party
	Progressive Party
	Awakened Civic Solidarity Party




	Extraparliamentary	
	Christian Liberty Unification Party
	Dawn of Liberty
	Future Democratic Party
	Green Party
	Korea Economic Party
	Labor Party
	National Revolutionary Dividends Party
	New National Participation Party
	Our Future
	Our Republican Party
	People's Democratic Party
	Pro-Park New Party
	Saenuri Party
	Women's Party




	
	Defunct

	First–Second Republic
(1948–63)	
	Democratic Nationalist Party
	Democratic Party (1955)
	Korea Democratic Party
	Korea Independence Party
	Korea Nationalist Party
	Laboring People's Party
	Liberal Party
	National Association
	National Independence Federation
	Progressive Party (1956)
	Workers' Party of South Korea




	Third–Fourth Republic
(1963–81)	
	Democratic Republican Party
	New Democratic Party
	People's Party (1963)
	United Socialist Party




	Fifth Republic
(1981–88)	
	Democratic Justice Party
	Democratic Korea Party
	Korean National Party
	New Korea and Democratic Party




	Sixth Republic
(1988–)	
	Advancement Unification Party
	Bareun Party
	Creative Korea Party
	Democratic Labor Party
	Democratic Party (1990)
	Democratic Party (1991)
	Democratic Party (2000)
	Democratic Party (2007)
	Democratic Party (2008)
	Democratic Party (2011)
	Evergreen Korea Party
	Future Hope Alliance
	Grand National United Party
	Hankyoreh Democratic Party
	Hannara Party (2012)
	Korea Greens
	Korea Vision Party
	Liberty Korea Party
	Liberty Unification Party
	Minjoo Party (2014)
	National Congress for New Politics
	New Alternative Party
	New Conservative Party
	New Korea Party
	New Korea Party of Hope
	New People's Party
	New Progressive Party
	Onward for Future 4.0
	Participation Party
	Peace Democratic Party
	People First Party
	People's Party (2016)
	People's United Party
	Platform Party
	Popular Party
	Reunification Democratic Party
	Socialist Party
	Unified Progressive Party
	United Democratic Party (1995)
	United Liberal Democrats
	United New Democratic Party
	Uri Party







	
	Politics of South Korea
	List of ruling political parties by country
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	States with
limited recognition	
	Abkhazia
	Artsakh
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	Palestine
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	Dependencies and
other territories	
	British Indian Ocean Territory
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conservatism_in_South_Korea&oldid=999120582"


		Categories: 	Conservatism in South Korea
	Political history of South Korea
	Political movements in South Korea
	Far-right politics in South Korea


Hidden categories: 	CS1 uses Korean-language script (ko)
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	Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2017
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