Gertrude Himmelfarb - Wikipedia Gertrude Himmelfarb From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search American historian Gertrude Himmelfarb Born August 8, 1922 Brooklyn, New York City, New York, U.S. Died December 30, 2019(2019-12-30) (aged 97) Washington, D.C.[1] Alma mater Brooklyn College (BA 1942), University of Chicago (M.A. 1944, PhD 1950) Jewish Theological Seminary of America (1939–42) Girton College, University of Cambridge (1946–47)[2] Notable awards Fellow of the British Academy Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellow of the Royal Historical Society Fellow of the Society of American Historians Council of the National Endowment for the Humanities (1982–88) Council of Scholars of the Library of Congress (1984–2008) Board of Trustees of the Woodrow Wilson Center (1985–96) Council of Academic Advisors of the American Enterprise Institute (1987–present) Jefferson Lecture (1991) National Humanities Medal (2004) Spouse Irving Kristol (m. January 18, 1942 – September 18, 2009; his death) Children William Kristol Elizabeth Nelson Relatives parents Max and Bertha (Lerner) Himmelfarb brother Milton Himmelfarb  Literature portal Gertrude Himmelfarb (August 8, 1922 – December 30, 2019), also known as Bea Kristol, was an American historian. She was a leader of conservative interpretations of history and historiography. She wrote extensively on intellectual history, with a focus on Great Britain and the Victorian era, as well as on contemporary society and culture. Contents 1 Background 2 Historiography 3 Ideas 4 Bibliography 4.1 Books 4.2 Critical studies and reviews of Himmelfarb's work 5 References 6 External links Background[edit] Himmelfarb was born in Brooklyn, New York, the daughter of Bertha (née Lerner) and Max Himmelfarb, both of Russian Jewish background.[4] She received her undergraduate degree from Brooklyn College in 1942 and her doctorate from the University of Chicago in 1950. Himmelfarb later went on to study at Cambridge University in the United Kingdom, and the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York. In 1942, she married Irving Kristol, known as the "godfather" of neoconservatism, and had two children, Elizabeth Nelson and William Kristol, a political commentator and editor of The Weekly Standard. She never changed her last name. Sociologist Daniel Bell wrote that theirs was "the best marriage of our generation" and her husband wrote that he was “astonished how intellectually twinned” the two were “pursuing different subjects while thinking the same thoughts and reaching the same conclusions”.[5] She was long involved in Jewish conservative intellectual circles.[6] Professor Emerita at the Graduate School of the City University of New York, she was the recipient of many awards and honorary degrees. She served on the Council of Scholars of the Library of Congress, the Council of Academic Advisors of the American Enterprise Institute, and the Council of the National Endowment for the Humanities. She was a Fellow of the British Academy and of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1991, she delivered the Jefferson Lecture under the auspices of the National Endowment for the Humanities. In 2004, she was awarded the National Humanities Medal by the president of the United States of America. She died on December 30, 2019 at the age of 97.[7] Historiography[edit] Himmelfarb long nurtured the neoconservative movement in U.S. politics and intellectual life; her husband, Irving Kristol, helped found the movement.[8] Himmelfarb was a leading defender of traditional historical methods and practices. Her book, The New History and the Old (published in 1987 and revised and expanded in 2004), is a critique of the varieties of "new history" that have sought to displace the old. The "New Histories" she critiqued include: quantitative history that presumes to be more "scientific" than conventional history, but relies on partial and dubious data;[9] Marxist historiography derived from economic assumptions and class models that leave little room for the ideas and beliefs of contemporaries or the protagonists and events of history;[10] psychoanalytic history dependent on theories and speculations that violate the accepted criteria of historical evidence;[11] analytic history that reduces history to a series of isolated "moments" with no overriding narrative structure;[12] social history, "history from the bottom", that denigrates the role of politics, nationality, and individuals (the "great men" of history);[13][14][15] and, later, postmodernist history, which denies even the ideal of objectivity, viewing all of history as a "social construct" on the part of the historian.[16] Himmelfarb criticized A.J.P. Taylor for seeking to "demoralize" history in his 1961 book The Origins of the Second World War, and for refusing to recognize "moral facts" about interwar Europe.[17] Himmelfarb maintained that Taylor was wrong to treat Adolf Hitler as a "normal" German leader playing by the traditional rules of diplomacy in The Origins of the Second World War, instead of being a "world-historical" figure such as Napoleon.[17] Himmelfarb energetically rejected postmodern academic approaches: [Postmodernism in history] is a denial of the objectivity of the historian, of the factuality or reality of the past, and thus of the possibility of arriving at any truths about the past. For all disciplines it induces a radical skepticism, relativism, and subjectivism that denies not this or that truth about any subject but the very idea of truth – that denies even the ideal of truth, truth is something to aspire to even if it can never be fully attained.[18] Ideas[edit] Himmelfarb was best known as a historian of Victorian England, but she put that period in a larger context.[19] Her book, The Idea of Poverty, opens with an extended analysis of Adam Smith and Thomas Malthus, who helped shape debate and policies through much the nineteenth century and beyond. Nominated for the National Book Award,[20] Victorian Minds features such eighteenth-century "proto-Victorians" as Edmund Burke and Jeremy Bentham, concluding with the "last Victorian", John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir, whose novels depict a twentieth-century imbued with Victorian values. The Moral Imagination ranges from Burke to Winston Churchill and Lionel Trilling, with assorted Victorians and non-Victorians in between. On Looking into the Abyss has modern culture and society in the forefront and the Victorians in the background, while One Nation, Two Cultures is entirely about American culture and society. The Roads to Modernity enlarges the perspective of the Age of Enlightenment, both chronologically and nationally, placing the British Enlightenment in opposition to the French and in accord with the American. The Jewish Odyssey of George Eliot and The People of the Book focus on attitudes to Jews, Judaism, and Zionism in England from their readmission in the seventeenth century to the present. In scores of essays she demonstrated that Victorian "values" ("virtues", she calls them) were not unique to that time and place. "The Victorian Ethos: Before and after Victoria" is the title of one essay;[21] "Victorianism before Victoria" are the opening words of another.[22] Today, the word "Victorian" may have a disagreeable and crabbed connotation, conjuring up repressive sexual and social mores. Himmelfarb humanized and democratized that concept. In an interview after receiving the National Humanities Medal, she explained that the Victorian virtues – prudence, temperance, industriousness, decency, responsibility – were thoroughly pedestrian. "They depended on no special breeding, talent, sensibility, or even money. They were common, everyday virtues, within the capacity of ordinary people. They were the virtues of citizens, not of heroes or saints – and of citizens of democratic countries, not aristocratic ones".[23] Himmelfarb has argued "for the reintroduction of traditional values (she prefers the term 'virtues'), such as shame, responsibility, chastity, and self-reliance, into American political life and policy-making".[24] While she is identified in America as a conservative, in Britain people on the left admire her work. One of her most outspoken admirers is Gordon Brown, the former Labour Party Prime Minister. His introduction to the British edition of Roads to Modernity opens: "I have long admired Gertrude Himmelfarb's historical work, in particular her love of the history of ideas, and her work has stayed with me ever since I was a history student at Edinburgh University."[25] In an obituary, David Brooks described Himmelfarb as "The Historian of Moral Revolution".[26] Bibliography[edit] This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items with reliable sources. Books[edit] Lord Acton: A Study of Conscience and Politics (1952) OCLC 3011425 Darwin and the Darwinian Revolution (1959) online free Victorian Minds (1968) OCLC 400777 On Liberty and Liberalism: The Case of John Stuart Mill (1974) OCLC 805020 The Idea of Poverty: England in the Early Industrial Age (1984) online free Marriage and Morals Among the Victorians (1986) online free The New History and the Old (1987, 2004) online free Poverty and Compassion: The Moral Imagination of the Late Victorians (1991) online free On Looking into the Abyss: Untimely Thoughts on Culture and Society (1994) online free The De-Moralization of Society: From Victorian Virtues to Modern Values (1995) OCLC 30474640 One Nation, Two Cultures (1999) OCLC 40830208 Himmelfarb, Gertrude (2008) [2004], The Roads to Modernity: The British, French, and American Enlightenments, OCLC 53091118 The Moral Imagination: From Edmund Burke to Lionel Trilling (2006) OCLC 61109330 The Jewish Odyssey of George Eliot (2009) OCLC 271080989 The People of the Book: Philosemitism in England, from Cromwell to Churchill (Encounter Books, 2011) OCLC 701019524 Past and present : the challenges of modernity, from the pre-Victorians to the postmodernists. Encounter Books. 2017. Edited Lord Acton, Essays on Freedom and Power (Free Press, 1948) OCLC 1052339 Milton Himmelfarb, Jews and Gentiles (Encounter Books, 2007) OCLC 70883212 Irving Kristol, The Neoconservative Persuasion (Basic Books, 2011) online free Thomas Robert Malthus, Essay on Population (Modern Library, 1960) OCLC 4901335 John Stuart Mill, Essays on Politics and Culture (Doubleday, 1962) OCLC 193217 John Stuart Mill, On Liberty (Penguin, 1974) OCLC 1941475 Alexis de Tocqueville, Memoir on Pauperism (Ivan Dee, 1997) OCLC 36719602 The Spirit of the Age: Victorian Essays (Yale University Press, 2007) OCLC 171111099 Critical studies and reviews of Himmelfarb's work[edit] Past and present Mingardi, Alberto (January–February 2018). "Gertrude Himmelfarb and the resonance of history". Quadrant. 62 (1–2 [543]): 18–21. References[edit] ^ Gertrude Himmelfarb, Conservative Historian of Ideas, Dies at 97", "The New York Times ^ "Gertrude Himmelfarb". Contemporary Authors Online. Biography in Context. Detroit: Gale. 2008. GALE|H1000045749. Retrieved September 3, 2011. (subscription required) ^ Rozenblit, Marsha (2007). "Gertrude Himmelfarb". In Berenbaum, Michael; Skolnik, Fred (eds.). Encyclopaedia Judaica (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA. Gale Document Number: GALE|K2587508972. Retrieved September 3, 2011 – via Fairfax County Public Library. Gale Biography in Context. ^ "Himmelfarb, Gertrude 1922–", Encyclopedia, J rank, archived from the original on March 3, 2016, retrieved July 10, 2012. ^ Martin, Douglas, and Slotnik, Daniel, Gertrude Himmelfarb, Conservative Historian of Ideas, Dies at 97 the New York Times, January 1, 2020, Obituary, section B, page 11 ^ Oz Frankel, Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia (2006) ^ Brooks, David. "The Historian of Moral Revolution", The Atlantic, December 31, 2019. ^ Mark Gerson, "Reflections of a Neoconservative Disciple." in DeMuth, Christopher C.; Kristol, William, eds. (1995). The Neoconservative Imagination: Essays in Honor of Irving Kristol. American Enterprise Institute. p. 165. ISBN 9780844738994. ^ Himmelfarb 2004, pp. 43, 59–64. sfn error: multiple targets (4×): CITEREFHimmelfarb2004 (help) ^ Himmelfarb 2004, pp. 88–111. sfn error: multiple targets (4×): CITEREFHimmelfarb2004 (help) ^ Himmelfarb 2004, pp. 51–59, 113–25. sfn error: multiple targets (4×): CITEREFHimmelfarb2004 (help) ^ Himmelfarb, Gertrude (2004). The New History and the Old. pp. 96–97. ^ Himmelfarb, Gertrude (2004). The New History and the Old. pp. 126–138. ^ Himmelfarb, The New History and the Old, pages 18–21. ^ Himmelfarb, The New History and the Old, pages 19–20. ^ Himmelfarb, Gertrude (2004). The New History and the Old. pp. 15–30. ^ a b Himmelfarb, The New History and the Old, Harvard University Press, 2004 page 193. ^ Himmelfarb, Gertrude (2004). The New History and the Old: Critical Essays and Reappraisals. Harvard University Press. p. 16. ISBN 9780674013841. ^ Levin, Yuval (January 31, 2020). "The Historian as Moralist". National Review. Retrieved January 3, 2020. ^ Martin, Douglas, and Slotnik, Daniel, Gertrude Himmelfarb, Conservative Historian of Ideas, Dies at 97 the New York Times, January 1, 2020, Obituary, section B, page 11 ^ Himmelfarb, Gertrude (1999), "The Victorian Ethos: Before and After Victoria", Victorian England, London: Folio Society. ^ Himmelfarb, Gertrude (March 24–25, 2007), "The War over Virtue", The Wall Street Journal. ^ Himmelfarb 2008, p. ix. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFHimmelfarb2008 (help) ^ Frankel, Oz (2006), "Gertrude Himmelfarb", Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia, JWA, retrieved June 30, 2009. ^ Himmelfarb, Gertrude (2008). The Roads to Modernity: The British, French and American Enlightenments. London, England: Vintage. ^ Brooks, David (December 31, 2019). "The Historian of Moral Revolution". The Atlantic. Retrieved January 1, 2020. External links[edit] Himmelfarb, Gertrude (March 9, 1995). "The De-Moralization of Society" (interview). Booknotes 1995. Interviewed by Brian Lamb. C-SPAN. Archived from the original on July 5, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2014. Appearances on C-SPAN Conway, Jill Ker; Denby, David; Edmundson, Mark; Foote, Shelby; Friedman, Milton; Giovanni, Nikki; Himmelfarb, Gertrude; Hitchens, Christopher (October 27, 2004). "Book Discussion on Why Read?". Booknotes. Retrieved February 9, 2014. also Paul Johnson, Brian Lamb, Frank McCourt, Robert D. Richardson, Jr., Cornel West, Simon Winchester Balch, Stephen; Berns, Walter; Galston, William A.; Gitlin, Todd; Goeglein, Timothy; Himmelfarb, Gertrude; Lenkowsky, Leslie (May 31, 2002). "Higher Education and Democracy". Book TV. National Association of Scholars. Retrieved February 9, 2014. Bottum, Joseph; Dannhauser, Werner; Himmelfarb, Gertrude; McGrail, Mary Ann; Weinstein, Kenneth R. (May 18, 2000). "The Legacy of Allan Bloom". Book TV. Hudson Institute. Retrieved February 9, 2014. Bork, Robert H.; Dezenhall, Eric; Himmelfarb, Gertrude (October 14, 1999). "The Politics of Personal Destruction". Book TV. Independent Women's Forum. Retrieved February 9, 2014. Himmelfarb, Gertrude; Leuchtenburg, William E.; Nasaw, David; Thomas, Inigo (May 16, 1997). "Historian as Public Intellectual". Book TV. City University of New York. Retrieved February 9, 2014. Himmelfarb, Gertrude; Kristol, Irving (September 5, 1995). "Book Discussion on Neoconservatism". Book TV. C-SPAN. Himmelfarb, Gertrude (February 13, 1995). "From Victorian Virtues to Modern Values". Book TV. American Enterprise Institute: C-SPAN. DeMuth, Christopher; Himmelfarb, Gertrude (May 8, 1990). "From Hegel to Marx to Lenin". Book TV. American Enterprise Institute: C-SPAN. v t e Recipients of the Orwell Award 1975–1999 1975: David Wise 1976: Hugh Rank 1977: Walter Pincus 1978: Sissela Bok 1979: Erving Goffman 1980: Sheila Harty 1981: Dwight Bolinger 1982: Stephen Hilgartner, Richard C. Bell, and Rory O'Connor 1983: Haig Bosmajian 1984: Ted Koppel 1985: Torben Vestergaard and Kim Schroder 1986: Neil Postman 1987: Noam Chomsky 1988: Donald Barlett and James B. Steele 1989: Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky 1990: Charlotte Baecher, Consumers Union 1991: David A. Kessler 1992: Donald L. Barlett and James Steele 1993: Eric Alterman 1994: Garry Trudeau 1995: Lies of Our Times 1996: William D. Lutz 1997: Gertrude Himmelfarb 1998: Juliet Schor 1998: Scott Adams 1999: Norman Solomon 2000–present 2000: Alfie Kohn 2001: Sheldon Rampton and John Stauber 2002: Bill Press 2004: Seymour Hersh and Arundhati Roy 2005: Jon Stewart and The Daily Show cast 2006: Steven H. Miles 2007: Ted Gup 2008: Charlie Savage 2009: Amy Goodman 2010: Michael Pollan 2011: F.S. Michaels 2012: Peter Zuckerman and Amanda Padoan 2013: Paul L. Thomas 2014: The Onion 2015: Anthony Cody 2016: David Greenberg 2017: Richard Sobel 2018: Katie Watson 2019: Michael P. Lynch National Council of Teachers of English George Orwell v t e Historians of Europe T. C. W. Blanning Fernand Braudel Norman Davies Elizabeth Eisenstein Richard J. Evans Julia P. Gelardi Eric Hobsbawm Tony Judt Ian Kershaw John Lukacs Henri-Jean Martin Mark Mazower Effie Pedaliu Henri Pirenne Walter Alison Phillips Andrew Roberts John Roberts J. Salwyn Schapiro Paul W. Schroeder Jonathan Sperber Norman Stone Adam Zamoyski Charlotte Zeepvat Belgium Henri Pirenne Sophie de Schaepdrijver Bosnia and Herzegovina İbrahim Peçevi Antun Knežević Bono Benić Hamdija Kreševljaković Smail Balić Enver Redžić Marko Vego Mustafa Imamović Salmedin Mesihović England and Britain Donald Adamson Robert C. Allen Perry Anderson Leonie Archer Karen Armstrong Gerald Aylmer Bernard Bailyn Onyeka Bede Brian Bond Asa Briggs Herbert Butterfield Angus Calder J.C.D. Clark Linda Colley Patrick Collinson Maurice Cowling John Davies Susan Doran Eamon Duffy Harold James Dyos Geoffrey Rudolph Elton Charles Harding Firth Antonia Fraser William Gibson Samuel Rawson Gardiner Andrew Gordon Geoffrey of Monmouth Edward Hasted Max Hastings J. H. Hexter Christopher Hill Gertrude Himmelfarb Eric Hobsbawm David Hume Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon John Edward Lloyd Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay John Morrill Lewis Bernstein Namier Kenneth Morgan Andrew Roberts A. L. Rowse Dominic Sandbrook John Robert Seeley Jack Simmons Paul Slack David Starkey Lawrence Stone Keith Thomas E. P. Thompson George Macaulay Trevelyan Hugh Trevor-Roper, Baron Dacre of Glanton Retha Warnicke Andy Wood Daniel Woolf Cicely Veronica Wedgwood Perez Zagorin British Empire Richard Drayton Gerald S. Graham Vincent T. Harlow Wm. Roger Louis P. J. Marshall David Quinn D. M. Schurman Archibald Paton Thornton Glyndwr Williams Croatia Johannes Lucius Pavao Ritter Vitezović Franjo Rački Tadija Smičiklas Vjekoslav Klaić Ferdo Šišić Nada Klaić Mirjana Gross Trpimir Macan Ivo Banac Radoslav Katičić Finland Kesar Ordin Mikhail Borodkin France Marc Bloch Jean-Jacques Becker Vincent Cronin Natalie Zemon Davis Georges Duby Lucien Febvre Alistair Horne Julian T. Jackson Douglas Johnson Simon Kitson Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie Michael Marrus John M. Merriman Jules Michelet Roland Mousnier Robert Roswell Palmer Robert Paxton Pierre Renouvin Andrew Roberts John C. Rule Zeev Sternhell Eugen Weber John B. Wolf Isser Woloch Gordon Wright Robert J. Young Germany Gisela Bock Horst Boog Karl Dietrich Bracher Martin Broszat Alan Bullock Robert Citino Gordon A. Craig Richard J. Evans Joachim Fest Fritz Fischer Deborah Hertz Klaus Hildebrand Andreas Hillgruber Jonathan House Christian Hartmann Gerhard Hirschfeld Eberhard Jäckel Ian Kershaw Klemens von Klemperer Ernst Klink Claudia Koonz Dieter Langewiesche Timothy Mason Frank McDonough Wendy Lower Geoffrey P. Megargee Friedrich Meinecke Hans Mommsen Wolfgang Mommsen George Mosse Ernst Nolte Steven Ozment Detlev Peukert Koppel Pinson Gerhard Ritter Hans Rothfels David Schoenbaum Jean Edward Smith Ronald Smelser Louis Leo Snyder Fritz Stern David Stahel Michael Stürmer Heinrich von Treitschke A.J.P. Taylor Hugh Trevor-Roper Henry Ashby Turner Gerd R. Ueberschär Bernd Wegner Hans-Ulrich Wehler Wolfram Wette John Wheeler-Bennett Jay Winter Michael Wolffsohn Gordon Wright David T. Zabecki Alfred-Maurice de Zayas Rainer Zitelmann Habsburg Monarchy John Komlos Ireland Tírechán Muirchu moccu Machtheni Flann Mainistrech John Clyn Seán Mór Ó Dubhagáin Adhamh Ó Cianáin Gilla Isa Mor mac Donnchadh MacFhirbhisigh James Donnelly Pilip Ballach Ó Duibhgeannáin Geoffrey Keating Mícheál Ó Cléirigh Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh Sir James Ware Mary Bonaventure Browne Ruaidhrí Ó Flaithbheartaigh Eugene O'Curry John O'Donovan Father Paul Walsh Dermot MacDermot Kathleen Hughes F.X. Martin J.J. Lee James Francis Lydon F.S.L. Lyons Oliver MacDonagh Brian Farrell Francis John Byrne Kenneth Nicholls Dáibhí Ó Cróinín Ann Buckley Nollaig Ó Muraíle Italy Lorenzo Arnone Sipari R.J.B. Bosworth Benedetto Croce Vincent Cronin Renzo De Felice John Foot Emilio Gentile Carlo Ginzburg Alessandra Kersevan Claudio Pavone Effie Pedaliu John Pollard Paul Ginsborg Lucy Riall Gaetano Salvemini Denis Mack Smith Arrigo Petacco Moldova/Bessarabia Nicolae Iorga Ion Nistor Petre Cazacu Charles King Igor Casu Gheorghe E. Cojocaru Netherlands Jaap R. Bruijn Femme Gaastra Pieter Geyl John Lothrop Motley Jonathan Israel G. J. Renier Herbert H. Rowen Simon Schama Poland Norman Davies Pawel Jasienica Wickham Steed Portugal José Hermano Saraiva A. H. de Oliveira Marques José Mattoso Fernando Rosas Romania Lucian Boia Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu Nicolae Iorga Mihail Kogalniceanu Irina Livezeanu David Mitrany Vladimir Tismaneanu Alexandru D. Xenopol Alexandru Zub Russia Nicholas Bethell Robert Conquest Vincent Cronin Orlando Figes Patricia Kennedy Grimsted Geoffrey Hosking Lindsey Hughes Leopold Labedz Roy Medvedev Robin Milner-Gulland Richard Pipes William Taubman Peter Kenez Robert Service Adam Ulam Anne Applebaum Sheila Fitzpatrick Nicolas Werth Nikita Petrov Viktor Danilov Oleg Khlevniuk Moshe Lewin David Shearer Serbia Vladimir Ćorović Sima Ćirković Radoš Ljušić Rade Mihaljčić Stojan Novaković Stanoje Stanojević Jovan I. Deretić Scotland G. W. S. Barrow Steve Boardman Hector Boece George Buchanan Gilbert Burnet Tom Devine John of Fordun Christopher Harvie Colin Kidd Michael Lynch Norman Macdougall Rosalind Mitchison Richard Oram T.C. Smout Nigel Tranter Christopher Whatley Jenny Wormald Slovakia Vojtech Čelko Ladislav Deák Gabriela Dudeková Ivan Kamenec Adam František Kollár Peter Kopecký Juraj Marusiak Thomas Spira Pavel Jozef Šafárik Štefan Šutaj Zora Mintalová-Zubercová Slovenia Bogo Grafenauer Alessandra Kersevan Vasilij Melik Jože Pirjevec Milica Kacin Wohinz Marta Verginella Spain Ida Altman Roger Collins Rafael Núñez Florencio Julian Ribera y Tarragó Sweden Peter Englund Anders Fryxell Erik Gustaf Geijer Jan Glete Carl Grimberg Dick Harrison Ragnhild Hatton Sten Lindroth Erik Lönnroth Olaus Magnus Samuel von Pufendorf Erik Ringmar Michael Roberts John Robinson Curt Weibull Lauritz Weibull Yugoslavia Ivo Banac Misha Glenny Barbara Jelavich John R. Lampe Stevan K. Pavlowitch Catherine Samary Stephen Schwartz Jozo Tomasevich Authority control BIBSYS: 90085224 BNE: XX1023486 BNF: cb12055316w (data) CANTIC: a10879845 CiNii: DA00236120 GND: 132813718 ISNI: 0000 0001 2138 7003 LCCN: n50034968 NKC: skuk0000574 NLA: 35196045 NSK: 000343846 NTA: 070913935 PLWABN: 9810693138605606 RERO: 02-A003372677 SNAC: w6z72qc9 SUDOC: 028790316 VIAF: 71410706 WorldCat Identities: lccn-n50034968 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gertrude_Himmelfarb&oldid=996731199" Categories: 1922 births 2019 deaths 20th-century American historians 20th-century American women writers 21st-century American historians 21st-century American women writers Alumni of Girton College, Cambridge American people of Russian-Jewish descent American Trotskyists American women historians Brooklyn College alumni Charles Darwin biographers City University of New York faculty Communist women writers Critics of Marxism Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellows of the British Academy Historians of the United Kingdom Historiographers Jewish American historians Jewish Theological Seminary of America alumni National Humanities Medal recipients New York (state) Republicans Writers from Brooklyn University of Chicago alumni Hidden categories: Pages containing links to subscription-only content Harv and Sfn multiple-target errors Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Use mdy dates from May 2014 Incomplete lists from July 2020 Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNE identifiers Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers Wikipedia articles with NKC identifiers Wikipedia articles with NLA identifiers Wikipedia articles with NSK identifiers Wikipedia articles with NTA identifiers Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers Wikipedia articles with RERO identifiers Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers Navigation menu Personal tools Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Namespaces Article Talk Variants Views Read Edit View history More Search Navigation Main page Contents Current events Random article About Wikipedia Contact us Donate Contribute Help Learn to edit Community portal Recent changes Upload file Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Cite this page Wikidata item Print/export Download as PDF Printable version Languages Asturianu تۆرکجه Deutsch Español Français עברית Português Simple English Edit links This page was last edited on 28 December 2020, at 09:06 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Mobile view Developers Statistics Cookie statement