id sid tid token lemma pos 2167 1 1 Practical practical JJ 2167 1 2 Limits Limits NNPS 2167 1 3 to to IN 2167 1 4 the the DT 2167 1 5 Scope Scope NNP 2167 1 6 of of IN 2167 1 7 Digital Digital NNP 2167 1 8 Preservation Preservation NNP 2167 1 9 Mike Mike NNP 2167 1 10 Kastellec Kastellec NNP 2167 1 11 PRACTICAL PRACTICAL NNP 2167 1 12 LIMITS limit NNS 2167 1 13 TO to IN 2167 1 14 THE the DT 2167 1 15 SCOPE SCOPE NNP 2167 1 16 OF of IN 2167 1 17 DIGITAL DIGITAL NNP 2167 1 18 PRESERVATION PRESERVATION NNP 2167 1 19 | | NNP 2167 1 20 KASTELLEC KASTELLEC NNP 2167 1 21 63 63 CD 2167 1 22 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT NNP 2167 1 23 This this DT 2167 1 24 paper paper NN 2167 1 25 examines examine VBZ 2167 1 26 factors factor NNS 2167 1 27 that that WDT 2167 1 28 limit limit VBP 2167 1 29 the the DT 2167 1 30 ability ability NN 2167 1 31 of of IN 2167 1 32 institutions institution NNS 2167 1 33 to to TO 2167 1 34 digitally digitally RB 2167 1 35 preserve preserve VB 2167 1 36 the the DT 2167 1 37 cultural cultural JJ 2167 1 38 heritage heritage NN 2167 1 39 of of IN 2167 1 40 the the DT 2167 1 41 modern modern JJ 2167 1 42 era era NN 2167 1 43 . . . 2167 2 1 The the DT 2167 2 2 author author NN 2167 2 3 takes take VBZ 2167 2 4 a a DT 2167 2 5 wide wide RB 2167 2 6 - - HYPH 2167 2 7 ranging range VBG 2167 2 8 approach approach NN 2167 2 9 to to TO 2167 2 10 shed shed VB 2167 2 11 light light NN 2167 2 12 on on IN 2167 2 13 limitations limitation NNS 2167 2 14 to to IN 2167 2 15 the the DT 2167 2 16 scope scope NN 2167 2 17 of of IN 2167 2 18 digital digital JJ 2167 2 19 preservation preservation NN 2167 2 20 . . . 2167 3 1 The the DT 2167 3 2 author author NN 2167 3 3 finds find VBZ 2167 3 4 that that IN 2167 3 5 technological technological JJ 2167 3 6 limitations limitation NNS 2167 3 7 to to IN 2167 3 8 digital digital JJ 2167 3 9 preservation preservation NN 2167 3 10 have have VBP 2167 3 11 been be VBN 2167 3 12 addressed address VBN 2167 3 13 but but CC 2167 3 14 still still RB 2167 3 15 exist exist VB 2167 3 16 , , , 2167 3 17 and and CC 2167 3 18 that that IN 2167 3 19 non non JJ 2167 3 20 - - JJ 2167 3 21 technical technical JJ 2167 3 22 aspects aspect NNS 2167 3 23 — — : 2167 3 24 access access NN 2167 3 25 , , , 2167 3 26 selection selection NN 2167 3 27 , , , 2167 3 28 law law NN 2167 3 29 , , , 2167 3 30 and and CC 2167 3 31 finances finance NNS 2167 3 32 — — : 2167 3 33 move move VBP 2167 3 34 into into IN 2167 3 35 the the DT 2167 3 36 foreground foreground NN 2167 3 37 as as IN 2167 3 38 technological technological JJ 2167 3 39 limitations limitation NNS 2167 3 40 recede recede NNS 2167 3 41 . . . 2167 4 1 The the DT 2167 4 2 author author NN 2167 4 3 proposes propose VBZ 2167 4 4 a a DT 2167 4 5 nested nest VBN 2167 4 6 model model NN 2167 4 7 of of IN 2167 4 8 constraints constraint NNS 2167 4 9 to to IN 2167 4 10 the the DT 2167 4 11 scope scope NN 2167 4 12 of of IN 2167 4 13 digital digital JJ 2167 4 14 preservation preservation NN 2167 4 15 and and CC 2167 4 16 concludes conclude VBZ 2167 4 17 that that IN 2167 4 18 costs cost NNS 2167 4 19 are be VBP 2167 4 20 digital digital JJ 2167 4 21 preservation preservation NN 2167 4 22 ’s ’s POS 2167 4 23 most most RBS 2167 4 24 pervasive pervasive JJ 2167 4 25 limitation limitation NN 2167 4 26 . . . 2167 5 1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION NNP 2167 5 2 Imagine Imagine NNP 2167 5 3 for for IN 2167 5 4 a a DT 2167 5 5 moment moment NN 2167 5 6 what what WP 2167 5 7 perfect perfect JJ 2167 5 8 digital digital JJ 2167 5 9 preservation preservation NN 2167 5 10 would would MD 2167 5 11 entail entail VB 2167 5 12 : : : 2167 5 13 A a DT 2167 5 14 perfect perfect JJ 2167 5 15 archive archive NN 2167 5 16 would would MD 2167 5 17 capture capture VB 2167 5 18 all all PDT 2167 5 19 the the DT 2167 5 20 content content NN 2167 5 21 generated generate VBN 2167 5 22 by by IN 2167 5 23 humanity humanity NN 2167 5 24 instantly instantly RB 2167 5 25 and and CC 2167 5 26 continuously continuously RB 2167 5 27 . . . 2167 6 1 It -PRON- PRP 2167 6 2 would would MD 2167 6 3 catalog catalog VB 2167 6 4 that that DT 2167 6 5 information information NN 2167 6 6 and and CC 2167 6 7 make make VB 2167 6 8 it -PRON- PRP 2167 6 9 available available JJ 2167 6 10 to to IN 2167 6 11 users user NNS 2167 6 12 , , , 2167 6 13 yet yet CC 2167 6 14 it -PRON- PRP 2167 6 15 would would MD 2167 6 16 not not RB 2167 6 17 stifle stifle VB 2167 6 18 creativity creativity NN 2167 6 19 by by IN 2167 6 20 undermining undermine VBG 2167 6 21 creators creator NNS 2167 6 22 ’ ’ POS 2167 6 23 right right NN 2167 6 24 to to TO 2167 6 25 control control VB 2167 6 26 their -PRON- PRP$ 2167 6 27 creations creation NNS 2167 6 28 . . . 2167 7 1 Most Most JJS 2167 7 2 of of IN 2167 7 3 all all DT 2167 7 4 , , , 2167 7 5 it -PRON- PRP 2167 7 6 would would MD 2167 7 7 perfectly perfectly RB 2167 7 8 safeguard safeguard VB 2167 7 9 all all PDT 2167 7 10 the the DT 2167 7 11 information information NN 2167 7 12 it -PRON- PRP 2167 7 13 ingested ingest VBD 2167 7 14 eternally eternally RB 2167 7 15 , , , 2167 7 16 at at IN 2167 7 17 a a DT 2167 7 18 cost cost NN 2167 7 19 society society NN 2167 7 20 is be VBZ 2167 7 21 willing willing JJ 2167 7 22 and and CC 2167 7 23 able able JJ 2167 7 24 to to TO 2167 7 25 sustain sustain VB 2167 7 26 . . . 2167 8 1 Now now RB 2167 8 2 return return VB 2167 8 3 to to IN 2167 8 4 reality reality NN 2167 8 5 : : : 2167 8 6 digital digital JJ 2167 8 7 preservation preservation NN 2167 8 8 is be VBZ 2167 8 9 decidedly decidedly RB 2167 8 10 imperfect imperfect JJ 2167 8 11 . . . 2167 9 1 Today today NN 2167 9 2 ’s ’s POS 2167 9 3 archives archive NNS 2167 9 4 fall fall VBP 2167 9 5 far far RB 2167 9 6 short short RB 2167 9 7 of of IN 2167 9 8 the the DT 2167 9 9 possibilities possibility NNS 2167 9 10 outlined outline VBN 2167 9 11 above above RB 2167 9 12 . . . 2167 10 1 Much much JJ 2167 10 2 previous previous JJ 2167 10 3 scholarship scholarship NN 2167 10 4 debates debate VBZ 2167 10 5 the the DT 2167 10 6 quality quality NN 2167 10 7 of of IN 2167 10 8 different different JJ 2167 10 9 digital digital JJ 2167 10 10 preservation preservation NN 2167 10 11 strategies strategy NNS 2167 10 12 ; ; : 2167 10 13 this this DT 2167 10 14 paper paper NN 2167 10 15 looks look VBZ 2167 10 16 past past IN 2167 10 17 these these DT 2167 10 18 arguments argument NNS 2167 10 19 to to TO 2167 10 20 shed shed VB 2167 10 21 light light NN 2167 10 22 on on IN 2167 10 23 limitations limitation NNS 2167 10 24 to to IN 2167 10 25 the the DT 2167 10 26 scope scope NN 2167 10 27 of of IN 2167 10 28 digital digital JJ 2167 10 29 preservation preservation NN 2167 10 30 . . . 2167 11 1 What what WP 2167 11 2 are be VBP 2167 11 3 the the DT 2167 11 4 factors factor NNS 2167 11 5 that that WDT 2167 11 6 limit limit VBP 2167 11 7 the the DT 2167 11 8 ability ability NN 2167 11 9 of of IN 2167 11 10 libraries library NNS 2167 11 11 , , , 2167 11 12 archives archive NNS 2167 11 13 , , , 2167 11 14 and and CC 2167 11 15 museums museum NNS 2167 11 16 ( ( -LRB- 2167 11 17 henceforth henceforth RB 2167 11 18 collectively collectively RB 2167 11 19 referred refer VBN 2167 11 20 to to IN 2167 11 21 as as IN 2167 11 22 archival archival NN 2167 11 23 institutions institution NNS 2167 11 24 ) ) -RRB- 2167 11 25 to to TO 2167 11 26 digitally digitally RB 2167 11 27 preserve preserve VB 2167 11 28 the the DT 2167 11 29 cultural cultural JJ 2167 11 30 heritage heritage NN 2167 11 31 of of IN 2167 11 32 the the DT 2167 11 33 modern modern JJ 2167 11 34 era era NN 2167 11 35 ? ? . 2167 12 1 1 1 CD 2167 12 2 I -PRON- PRP 2167 12 3 first first RB 2167 12 4 examine examine VBP 2167 12 5 the the DT 2167 12 6 degree degree NN 2167 12 7 to to TO 2167 12 8 which which WDT 2167 12 9 technological technological JJ 2167 12 10 limitations limitation NNS 2167 12 11 to to IN 2167 12 12 digital digital JJ 2167 12 13 preservation preservation NN 2167 12 14 have have VBP 2167 12 15 been be VBN 2167 12 16 addressed address VBN 2167 12 17 . . . 2167 13 1 Next next RB 2167 13 2 , , , 2167 13 3 I -PRON- PRP 2167 13 4 identify identify VBP 2167 13 5 the the DT 2167 13 6 non non JJ 2167 13 7 - - JJ 2167 13 8 technical technical JJ 2167 13 9 factors factor NNS 2167 13 10 that that WDT 2167 13 11 limit limit VBP 2167 13 12 the the DT 2167 13 13 archival archival NN 2167 13 14 of of IN 2167 13 15 digital digital JJ 2167 13 16 objects object NNS 2167 13 17 . . . 2167 14 1 Finally finally RB 2167 14 2 , , , 2167 14 3 I -PRON- PRP 2167 14 4 propose propose VBP 2167 14 5 a a DT 2167 14 6 conceptual conceptual JJ 2167 14 7 model model NN 2167 14 8 of of IN 2167 14 9 limitations limitation NNS 2167 14 10 to to IN 2167 14 11 digital digital JJ 2167 14 12 preservation preservation NN 2167 14 13 . . . 2167 15 1 TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY NNP 2167 15 2 Any any DT 2167 15 3 discussion discussion NN 2167 15 4 of of IN 2167 15 5 digital digital JJ 2167 15 6 preservation preservation NN 2167 15 7 naturally naturally RB 2167 15 8 begins begin VBZ 2167 15 9 with with IN 2167 15 10 consideration consideration NN 2167 15 11 of of IN 2167 15 12 the the DT 2167 15 13 limits limit NNS 2167 15 14 of of IN 2167 15 15 digital digital JJ 2167 15 16 preservation preservation NN 2167 15 17 technology technology NN 2167 15 18 . . . 2167 16 1 While while IN 2167 16 2 all all DT 2167 16 3 aspects aspect NNS 2167 16 4 of of IN 2167 16 5 digital digital JJ 2167 16 6 preservation preservation NN 2167 16 7 are be VBP 2167 16 8 by by IN 2167 16 9 definition definition NN 2167 16 10 related relate VBN 2167 16 11 to to IN 2167 16 12 technology technology NN 2167 16 13 , , , 2167 16 14 there there EX 2167 16 15 are be VBP 2167 16 16 two two CD 2167 16 17 purely purely RB 2167 16 18 technical technical JJ 2167 16 19 issues issue NNS 2167 16 20 at at IN 2167 16 21 the the DT 2167 16 22 core core NN 2167 16 23 of of IN 2167 16 24 digital digital JJ 2167 16 25 preservation preservation NN 2167 16 26 : : : 2167 16 27 data datum NNS 2167 16 28 loss loss NN 2167 16 29 and and CC 2167 16 30 technological technological JJ 2167 16 31 obsolescence obsolescence NN 2167 16 32 . . . 2167 17 1 2 2 CD 2167 17 2 Many many JJ 2167 17 3 things thing NNS 2167 17 4 can can MD 2167 17 5 cause cause VB 2167 17 6 data datum NNS 2167 17 7 loss loss NN 2167 17 8 . . . 2167 18 1 The the DT 2167 18 2 constant constant JJ 2167 18 3 risk risk NN 2167 18 4 is be VBZ 2167 18 5 physical physical JJ 2167 18 6 deterioration deterioration NN 2167 18 7 . . . 2167 19 1 A a DT 2167 19 2 digital digital JJ 2167 19 3 file file NN 2167 19 4 consists consist VBZ 2167 19 5 at at IN 2167 19 6 its -PRON- PRP$ 2167 19 7 most most JJS 2167 19 8 basic basic JJ 2167 19 9 level level NN 2167 19 10 as as IN 2167 19 11 binary binary JJ 2167 19 12 code code NN 2167 19 13 written write VBN 2167 19 14 to to IN 2167 19 15 some some DT 2167 19 16 form form NN 2167 19 17 of of IN 2167 19 18 Mike Mike NNP 2167 19 19 Kastellec Kastellec NNP 2167 19 20 ( ( -LRB- 2167 19 21 makastel@ncsu.edu makastel@ncsu.edu NN 2167 19 22 ) ) -RRB- 2167 19 23 is be VBZ 2167 19 24 Libraries Libraries NNPS 2167 19 25 Fellow Fellow NNP 2167 19 26 , , , 2167 19 27 North North NNP 2167 19 28 Carolina Carolina NNP 2167 19 29 State State NNP 2167 19 30 University University NNP 2167 19 31 Libraries Libraries NNPS 2167 19 32 , , , 2167 19 33 Raleigh Raleigh NNP 2167 19 34 , , , 2167 19 35 NC NC NNP 2167 19 36 . . . 2167 20 1 mailto:makastel@ncsu.edu mailto:makastel@ncsu.edu NNS 2167 20 2 INFORMATION INFORMATION NNP 2167 20 3 TECHNOLOGY technology NN 2167 20 4 AND and CC 2167 20 5 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 2167 20 6 | | NNP 2167 20 7 JUNE JUNE NNP 2167 20 8 2012 2012 CD 2167 20 9 64 64 CD 2167 20 10 physical physical JJ 2167 20 11 media medium NNS 2167 20 12 . . . 2167 21 1 Just just RB 2167 21 2 like like UH 2167 21 3 analog analog JJ 2167 21 4 media medium NNS 2167 21 5 ( ( -LRB- 2167 21 6 paper paper NN 2167 21 7 , , , 2167 21 8 vinyl vinyl NN 2167 21 9 recordings recording NNS 2167 21 10 ) ) -RRB- 2167 21 11 , , , 2167 21 12 digital digital JJ 2167 21 13 media medium NNS 2167 21 14 ( ( -LRB- 2167 21 15 optical optical JJ 2167 21 16 discs disc NNS 2167 21 17 , , , 2167 21 18 hard hard JJ 2167 21 19 drives drive NNS 2167 21 20 ) ) -RRB- 2167 21 21 are be VBP 2167 21 22 subject subject JJ 2167 21 23 to to IN 2167 21 24 degradation degradation NN 2167 21 25 at at IN 2167 21 26 a a DT 2167 21 27 rate rate NN 2167 21 28 determined determine VBN 2167 21 29 by by IN 2167 21 30 the the DT 2167 21 31 inherent inherent JJ 2167 21 32 properties property NNS 2167 21 33 of of IN 2167 21 34 the the DT 2167 21 35 medium medium NN 2167 21 36 and and CC 2167 21 37 environment environment NN 2167 21 38 in in IN 2167 21 39 which which WDT 2167 21 40 it -PRON- PRP 2167 21 41 is be VBZ 2167 21 42 stored store VBN 2167 21 43 . . . 2167 22 1 3 3 LS 2167 22 2 When when WRB 2167 22 3 the the DT 2167 22 4 physical physical JJ 2167 22 5 medium medium NN 2167 22 6 of of IN 2167 22 7 a a DT 2167 22 8 digital digital JJ 2167 22 9 file file NN 2167 22 10 decays decay NNS 2167 22 11 to to IN 2167 22 12 the the DT 2167 22 13 point point NN 2167 22 14 where where WRB 2167 22 15 one one CD 2167 22 16 or or CC 2167 22 17 more more JJR 2167 22 18 bits bit NNS 2167 22 19 lose lose VBP 2167 22 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 2167 22 21 definition definition NN 2167 22 22 , , , 2167 22 23 the the DT 2167 22 24 file file NN 2167 22 25 becomes become VBZ 2167 22 26 partially partially RB 2167 22 27 or or CC 2167 22 28 wholly wholly RB 2167 22 29 unreadable unreadable JJ 2167 22 30 . . . 2167 23 1 Other other JJ 2167 23 2 causes cause NNS 2167 23 3 of of IN 2167 23 4 data datum NNS 2167 23 5 loss loss NN 2167 23 6 include include VBP 2167 23 7 software software NN 2167 23 8 bugs bug NNS 2167 23 9 , , , 2167 23 10 human human JJ 2167 23 11 action action NN 2167 23 12 ( ( -LRB- 2167 23 13 e.g. e.g. RB 2167 23 14 , , , 2167 23 15 accidental accidental JJ 2167 23 16 deletion deletion NN 2167 23 17 or or CC 2167 23 18 purposeful purposeful JJ 2167 23 19 alteration alteration NN 2167 23 20 ) ) -RRB- 2167 23 21 , , , 2167 23 22 and and CC 2167 23 23 environmental environmental JJ 2167 23 24 dangers danger NNS 2167 23 25 ( ( -LRB- 2167 23 26 e.g. e.g. RB 2167 23 27 , , , 2167 23 28 fire fire NN 2167 23 29 , , , 2167 23 30 flood flood NN 2167 23 31 , , , 2167 23 32 war war NN 2167 23 33 ) ) -RRB- 2167 23 34 . . . 2167 24 1 Assuming assume VBG 2167 24 2 a a DT 2167 24 3 digital digital JJ 2167 24 4 archive archive NN 2167 24 5 can can MD 2167 24 6 overcome overcome VB 2167 24 7 the the DT 2167 24 8 problem problem NN 2167 24 9 of of IN 2167 24 10 physical physical JJ 2167 24 11 deterioration deterioration NN 2167 24 12 , , , 2167 24 13 it -PRON- PRP 2167 24 14 then then RB 2167 24 15 faces face VBZ 2167 24 16 the the DT 2167 24 17 issue issue NN 2167 24 18 of of IN 2167 24 19 technological technological JJ 2167 24 20 obsolescence obsolescence NN 2167 24 21 . . . 2167 25 1 Binary binary JJ 2167 25 2 code code NN 2167 25 3 is be VBZ 2167 25 4 simply simply RB 2167 25 5 a a DT 2167 25 6 string string NN 2167 25 7 of of IN 2167 25 8 zeroes zero NNS 2167 25 9 and and CC 2167 25 10 ones one NNS 2167 25 11 ( ( -LRB- 2167 25 12 sometimes sometimes RB 2167 25 13 called call VBN 2167 25 14 a a DT 2167 25 15 bitstream)—like bitstream)—like NN 2167 25 16 any any DT 2167 25 17 encoded encoded JJ 2167 25 18 information information NN 2167 25 19 , , , 2167 25 20 this this DT 2167 25 21 code code NN 2167 25 22 is be VBZ 2167 25 23 only only RB 2167 25 24 useful useful JJ 2167 25 25 if if IN 2167 25 26 it -PRON- PRP 2167 25 27 can can MD 2167 25 28 be be VB 2167 25 29 decoded decode VBN 2167 25 30 into into IN 2167 25 31 an an DT 2167 25 32 intelligible intelligible JJ 2167 25 33 format format NN 2167 25 34 . . . 2167 26 1 This this DT 2167 26 2 process process NN 2167 26 3 depends depend VBZ 2167 26 4 on on IN 2167 26 5 hardware hardware NN 2167 26 6 , , , 2167 26 7 used use VBN 2167 26 8 to to TO 2167 26 9 access access VB 2167 26 10 a a DT 2167 26 11 bitstream bitstream NN 2167 26 12 from from IN 2167 26 13 a a DT 2167 26 14 piece piece NN 2167 26 15 of of IN 2167 26 16 physical physical JJ 2167 26 17 media medium NNS 2167 26 18 , , , 2167 26 19 and and CC 2167 26 20 software software NN 2167 26 21 , , , 2167 26 22 which which WDT 2167 26 23 decodes decode VBZ 2167 26 24 the the DT 2167 26 25 bitstream bitstream NN 2167 26 26 into into IN 2167 26 27 an an DT 2167 26 28 intelligible intelligible JJ 2167 26 29 object object NN 2167 26 30 , , , 2167 26 31 such such JJ 2167 26 32 as as IN 2167 26 33 a a DT 2167 26 34 document document NN 2167 26 35 or or CC 2167 26 36 video video NN 2167 26 37 displayed display VBN 2167 26 38 on on IN 2167 26 39 a a DT 2167 26 40 screen screen NN 2167 26 41 , , , 2167 26 42 a a DT 2167 26 43 printout printout NN 2167 26 44 , , , 2167 26 45 or or CC 2167 26 46 an an DT 2167 26 47 audio audio JJ 2167 26 48 output output NN 2167 26 49 . . . 2167 27 1 Technological technological JJ 2167 27 2 obsolescence obsolescence NN 2167 27 3 occurs occur VBZ 2167 27 4 when when WRB 2167 27 5 either either CC 2167 27 6 the the DT 2167 27 7 hardware hardware NN 2167 27 8 or or CC 2167 27 9 software software NN 2167 27 10 needed need VBD 2167 27 11 to to TO 2167 27 12 render render VB 2167 27 13 a a DT 2167 27 14 bitstream bitstream NN 2167 27 15 usable usable JJ 2167 27 16 is be VBZ 2167 27 17 no no DT 2167 27 18 longer long RBR 2167 27 19 available available JJ 2167 27 20 . . . 2167 28 1 Given give VBN 2167 28 2 the the DT 2167 28 3 rapid rapid JJ 2167 28 4 pace pace NN 2167 28 5 of of IN 2167 28 6 change change NN 2167 28 7 in in IN 2167 28 8 computer computer NN 2167 28 9 hardware hardware NN 2167 28 10 and and CC 2167 28 11 software software NN 2167 28 12 , , , 2167 28 13 technological technological JJ 2167 28 14 obsolescence obsolescence NN 2167 28 15 is be VBZ 2167 28 16 a a DT 2167 28 17 constant constant JJ 2167 28 18 concern concern NN 2167 28 19 . . . 2167 29 1 4 4 LS 2167 29 2 Most most RBS 2167 29 3 digital digital JJ 2167 29 4 preservation preservation NN 2167 29 5 strategies strategy NNS 2167 29 6 involve involve VBP 2167 29 7 staying stay VBG 2167 29 8 ahead ahead RB 2167 29 9 of of IN 2167 29 10 deterioration deterioration NN 2167 29 11 and and CC 2167 29 12 obsolescence obsolescence NN 2167 29 13 by by IN 2167 29 14 copying copy VBG 2167 29 15 data datum NNS 2167 29 16 from from IN 2167 29 17 older old JJR 2167 29 18 to to IN 2167 29 19 current current JJ 2167 29 20 generations generation NNS 2167 29 21 of of IN 2167 29 22 file file NN 2167 29 23 formats format NNS 2167 29 24 and and CC 2167 29 25 storage storage NN 2167 29 26 media medium NNS 2167 29 27 ( ( -LRB- 2167 29 28 migration migration NN 2167 29 29 ) ) -RRB- 2167 29 30 or or CC 2167 29 31 by by IN 2167 29 32 keeping keep VBG 2167 29 33 many many JJ 2167 29 34 copies copy NNS 2167 29 35 that that WDT 2167 29 36 are be VBP 2167 29 37 tested test VBN 2167 29 38 against against IN 2167 29 39 one one NN 2167 29 40 another another DT 2167 29 41 to to TO 2167 29 42 find find VB 2167 29 43 and and CC 2167 29 44 correct correct VB 2167 29 45 errors error NNS 2167 29 46 ( ( -LRB- 2167 29 47 data datum NNS 2167 29 48 redundancy redundancy NN 2167 29 49 ) ) -RRB- 2167 29 50 . . . 2167 30 1 5 5 CD 2167 30 2 Other other JJ 2167 30 3 strategies strategy NNS 2167 30 4 to to TO 2167 30 5 overcome overcome VB 2167 30 6 obsolescence obsolescence NN 2167 30 7 include include VBP 2167 30 8 pre pre JJ 2167 30 9 - - VB 2167 30 10 emptively emptively RB 2167 30 11 converting convert VBG 2167 30 12 data datum NNS 2167 30 13 to to IN 2167 30 14 standardized standardize VBN 2167 30 15 formats format NNS 2167 30 16 ( ( -LRB- 2167 30 17 normalization normalization NN 2167 30 18 ) ) -RRB- 2167 30 19 or or CC 2167 30 20 avoiding avoid VBG 2167 30 21 conversion conversion NN 2167 30 22 and and CC 2167 30 23 instead instead RB 2167 30 24 using use VBG 2167 30 25 virtualized virtualized JJ 2167 30 26 hardware hardware NN 2167 30 27 and and CC 2167 30 28 software software NN 2167 30 29 to to TO 2167 30 30 simulate simulate VB 2167 30 31 the the DT 2167 30 32 original original JJ 2167 30 33 digital digital JJ 2167 30 34 environment environment NN 2167 30 35 needed need VBN 2167 30 36 to to TO 2167 30 37 access access VB 2167 30 38 obsolete obsolete JJ 2167 30 39 formats format NNS 2167 30 40 ( ( -LRB- 2167 30 41 emulation emulation NN 2167 30 42 ) ) -RRB- 2167 30 43 . . . 2167 31 1 As as IN 2167 31 2 may may MD 2167 31 3 be be VB 2167 31 4 expected expect VBN 2167 31 5 of of IN 2167 31 6 a a DT 2167 31 7 young young JJ 2167 31 8 field field NN 2167 31 9 , , , 2167 31 10 6 6 CD 2167 31 11 there there EX 2167 31 12 is be VBZ 2167 31 13 a a DT 2167 31 14 great great JJ 2167 31 15 deal deal NN 2167 31 16 of of IN 2167 31 17 debate debate NN 2167 31 18 over over IN 2167 31 19 the the DT 2167 31 20 merits merit NNS 2167 31 21 of of IN 2167 31 22 each each DT 2167 31 23 of of IN 2167 31 24 these these DT 2167 31 25 strategies strategy NNS 2167 31 26 . . . 2167 32 1 To to IN 2167 32 2 date date NN 2167 32 3 , , , 2167 32 4 the the DT 2167 32 5 arguments argument NNS 2167 32 6 mostly mostly RB 2167 32 7 concern concern VBP 2167 32 8 the the DT 2167 32 9 quality quality NN 2167 32 10 of of IN 2167 32 11 preservation preservation NN 2167 32 12 , , , 2167 32 13 which which WDT 2167 32 14 is be VBZ 2167 32 15 beyond beyond IN 2167 32 16 the the DT 2167 32 17 scope scope NN 2167 32 18 of of IN 2167 32 19 this this DT 2167 32 20 work work NN 2167 32 21 . . . 2167 33 1 What what WP 2167 33 2 should should MD 2167 33 3 not not RB 2167 33 4 be be VB 2167 33 5 contentious contentious JJ 2167 33 6 is be VBZ 2167 33 7 that that IN 2167 33 8 each each DT 2167 33 9 strategy strategy NN 2167 33 10 also also RB 2167 33 11 imposes impose VBZ 2167 33 12 limitations limitation NNS 2167 33 13 on on IN 2167 33 14 the the DT 2167 33 15 potential potential JJ 2167 33 16 scale scale NN 2167 33 17 of of IN 2167 33 18 digital digital JJ 2167 33 19 preservation preservation NN 2167 33 20 . . . 2167 34 1 Migration migration NN 2167 34 2 and and CC 2167 34 3 normalization normalization NN 2167 34 4 are be VBP 2167 34 5 intensive intensive JJ 2167 34 6 processes process NNS 2167 34 7 , , , 2167 34 8 in in IN 2167 34 9 the the DT 2167 34 10 sense sense NN 2167 34 11 that that IN 2167 34 12 they -PRON- PRP 2167 34 13 normally normally RB 2167 34 14 require require VBP 2167 34 15 some some DT 2167 34 16 level level NN 2167 34 17 of of IN 2167 34 18 human human JJ 2167 34 19 interaction interaction NN 2167 34 20 . . . 2167 35 1 Any any DT 2167 35 2 human human NN 2167 35 3 - - HYPH 2167 35 4 mediated mediate VBN 2167 35 5 process process NN 2167 35 6 limits limit VBZ 2167 35 7 the the DT 2167 35 8 scale scale NN 2167 35 9 of of IN 2167 35 10 an an DT 2167 35 11 archival archival NN 2167 35 12 institution institution NN 2167 35 13 ’s ’s POS 2167 35 14 preservation preservation NN 2167 35 15 activities activity NNS 2167 35 16 , , , 2167 35 17 as as IN 2167 35 18 trained train VBN 2167 35 19 staffs staff NNS 2167 35 20 are be VBP 2167 35 21 a a DT 2167 35 22 limited limited JJ 2167 35 23 and and CC 2167 35 24 expensive expensive JJ 2167 35 25 resource resource NN 2167 35 26 . . . 2167 36 1 Emulation emulation NN 2167 36 2 postpones postpone VBZ 2167 36 3 the the DT 2167 36 4 processing processing NN 2167 36 5 of of IN 2167 36 6 data datum NNS 2167 36 7 until until IN 2167 36 8 it -PRON- PRP 2167 36 9 is be VBZ 2167 36 10 later later RB 2167 36 11 accessed access VBN 2167 36 12 , , , 2167 36 13 potentially potentially RB 2167 36 14 allowing allow VBG 2167 36 15 greater great JJR 2167 36 16 ingest ingest NN 2167 36 17 of of IN 2167 36 18 information information NN 2167 36 19 . . . 2167 37 1 As as IN 2167 37 2 a a DT 2167 37 3 strategy strategy NN 2167 37 4 , , , 2167 37 5 however however RB 2167 37 6 , , , 2167 37 7 it -PRON- PRP 2167 37 8 remains remain VBZ 2167 37 9 at at IN 2167 37 10 least least JJS 2167 37 11 partly partly RB 2167 37 12 theoretical theoretical JJ 2167 37 13 and and CC 2167 37 14 untested untested JJ 2167 37 15 , , , 2167 37 16 increasing increase VBG 2167 37 17 the the DT 2167 37 18 possibility possibility NN 2167 37 19 that that IN 2167 37 20 future future JJ 2167 37 21 access access NN 2167 37 22 will will MD 2167 37 23 be be VB 2167 37 24 limited limit VBN 2167 37 25 . . . 2167 38 1 Data datum NNS 2167 38 2 redundancy redundancy NN 2167 38 3 deserves deserve VBZ 2167 38 4 closer close JJR 2167 38 5 examination examination NN 2167 38 6 , , , 2167 38 7 as as IN 2167 38 8 it -PRON- PRP 2167 38 9 has have VBZ 2167 38 10 emerged emerge VBN 2167 38 11 as as IN 2167 38 12 the the DT 2167 38 13 gold gold JJ 2167 38 14 standard standard NN 2167 38 15 in in IN 2167 38 16 recent recent JJ 2167 38 17 years year NNS 2167 38 18 . . . 2167 39 1 The the DT 2167 39 2 limitations limitation NNS 2167 39 3 data data NN 2167 39 4 redundancy redundancy NN 2167 39 5 imposes impose VBZ 2167 39 6 on on IN 2167 39 7 digital digital JJ 2167 39 8 preservation preservation NN 2167 39 9 are be VBP 2167 39 10 two two CD 2167 39 11 - - HYPH 2167 39 12 fold fold RB 2167 39 13 . . . 2167 40 1 The the DT 2167 40 2 first first JJ 2167 40 3 is be VBZ 2167 40 4 that that IN 2167 40 5 simple simple JJ 2167 40 6 maintenance maintenance NN 2167 40 7 of of IN 2167 40 8 multiple multiple JJ 2167 40 9 copies copy NNS 2167 40 10 necessarily necessarily RB 2167 40 11 increases increase VBZ 2167 40 12 expenses expense NNS 2167 40 13 , , , 2167 40 14 therefore therefore RB 2167 40 15 — — : 2167 40 16 given give VBN 2167 40 17 equal equal JJ 2167 40 18 levels level NNS 2167 40 19 of of IN 2167 40 20 funding funding NN 2167 40 21 — — : 2167 40 22 less less JJR 2167 40 23 information information NN 2167 40 24 can can MD 2167 40 25 be be VB 2167 40 26 preserved preserve VBN 2167 40 27 redundantly redundantly RB 2167 40 28 than than IN 2167 40 29 can can MD 2167 40 30 be be VB 2167 40 31 preserved preserve VBN 2167 40 32 without without IN 2167 40 33 such such JJ 2167 40 34 measures measure NNS 2167 40 35 . . . 2167 41 1 ( ( -LRB- 2167 41 2 Cost cost NN 2167 41 3 considerations consideration NNS 2167 41 4 are be VBP 2167 41 5 inextricably inextricably RB 2167 41 6 linked link VBN 2167 41 7 to to IN 2167 41 8 every every DT 2167 41 9 other other JJ 2167 41 10 limitation limitation NN 2167 41 11 on on IN 2167 41 12 digital digital JJ 2167 41 13 preservation preservation NN 2167 41 14 and and CC 2167 41 15 are be VBP 2167 41 16 examined examine VBN 2167 41 17 in in IN 2167 41 18 greater great JJR 2167 41 19 detail detail NN 2167 41 20 in in IN 2167 41 21 “ " `` 2167 41 22 Finances finance NNS 2167 41 23 , , , 2167 41 24 ” " '' 2167 41 25 below below RB 2167 41 26 . . . 2167 41 27 ) ) -RRB- 2167 42 1 There there EX 2167 42 2 are be VBP 2167 42 3 practical practical JJ 2167 42 4 , , , 2167 42 5 technical technical JJ 2167 42 6 limitations limitation NNS 2167 42 7 on on IN 2167 42 8 the the DT 2167 42 9 bandwidth bandwidth NN 2167 42 10 , , , 2167 42 11 disk disk NN 2167 42 12 access access NN 2167 42 13 , , , 2167 42 14 and and CC 2167 42 15 processing processing NN 2167 42 16 speeds speed NNS 2167 42 17 needed need VBN 2167 42 18 to to TO 2167 42 19 perform perform VB 2167 42 20 PRACTICAL practical NN 2167 42 21 LIMITS limits JJ 2167 42 22 TO to IN 2167 42 23 THE the DT 2167 42 24 SCOPE SCOPE NNP 2167 42 25 OF of IN 2167 42 26 DIGITAL DIGITAL NNP 2167 42 27 PRESERVATION PRESERVATION NNP 2167 42 28 | | NNP 2167 42 29 KASTELLEC KASTELLEC NNP 2167 42 30 65 65 CD 2167 42 31 parity parity NN 2167 42 32 checks check NNS 2167 42 33 ( ( -LRB- 2167 42 34 tests test NNS 2167 42 35 of of IN 2167 42 36 each each DT 2167 42 37 bit bit NN 2167 42 38 ’s ’s NN 2167 42 39 validity validity NN 2167 42 40 ) ) -RRB- 2167 42 41 of of IN 2167 42 42 large large JJ 2167 42 43 datasets dataset NNS 2167 42 44 to to TO 2167 42 45 guard guard VB 2167 42 46 against against IN 2167 42 47 data data NN 2167 42 48 loss loss NN 2167 42 49 . . . 2167 43 1 Pushing push VBG 2167 43 2 against against IN 2167 43 3 these these DT 2167 43 4 limitations limitation NNS 2167 43 5 incurs incur VBZ 2167 43 6 dramatic dramatic JJ 2167 43 7 costs cost NNS 2167 43 8 , , , 2167 43 9 limiting limit VBG 2167 43 10 the the DT 2167 43 11 scale scale NN 2167 43 12 of of IN 2167 43 13 digital digital JJ 2167 43 14 preservation preservation NN 2167 43 15 . . . 2167 44 1 Current current JJ 2167 44 2 technology technology NN 2167 44 3 and and CC 2167 44 4 funding funding NN 2167 44 5 are be VBP 2167 44 6 many many JJ 2167 44 7 orders order NNS 2167 44 8 of of IN 2167 44 9 magnitude magnitude NN 2167 44 10 short short JJ 2167 44 11 of of IN 2167 44 12 what what WP 2167 44 13 is be VBZ 2167 44 14 required require VBN 2167 44 15 to to TO 2167 44 16 archive archive VB 2167 44 17 the the DT 2167 44 18 amount amount NN 2167 44 19 of of IN 2167 44 20 information information NN 2167 44 21 desired desire VBN 2167 44 22 by by IN 2167 44 23 society society NN 2167 44 24 over over IN 2167 44 25 the the DT 2167 44 26 long long JJ 2167 44 27 term term NN 2167 44 28 . . . 2167 45 1 7 7 CD 2167 45 2 The the DT 2167 45 3 second second JJ 2167 45 4 way way NN 2167 45 5 technology technology NN 2167 45 6 limits limit VBZ 2167 45 7 digital digital JJ 2167 45 8 preservation preservation NN 2167 45 9 is be VBZ 2167 45 10 more more RBR 2167 45 11 complex complex JJ 2167 45 12 — — : 2167 45 13 it -PRON- PRP 2167 45 14 concerns concern VBZ 2167 45 15 error error NN 2167 45 16 rates rate NNS 2167 45 17 of of IN 2167 45 18 archived archived JJ 2167 45 19 data datum NNS 2167 45 20 . . . 2167 46 1 Non non JJ 2167 46 2 - - JJ 2167 46 3 redundant redundant JJ 2167 46 4 storage storage NN 2167 46 5 strategies strategy NNS 2167 46 6 are be VBP 2167 46 7 also also RB 2167 46 8 subject subject JJ 2167 46 9 to to IN 2167 46 10 errors error NNS 2167 46 11 , , , 2167 46 12 of of IN 2167 46 13 course course NN 2167 46 14 . . . 2167 47 1 Only only RB 2167 47 2 redundant redundant JJ 2167 47 3 systems system NNS 2167 47 4 have have VBP 2167 47 5 been be VBN 2167 47 6 proposed propose VBN 2167 47 7 as as IN 2167 47 8 a a DT 2167 47 9 theoretical theoretical JJ 2167 47 10 solution solution NN 2167 47 11 to to IN 2167 47 12 the the DT 2167 47 13 technological technological JJ 2167 47 14 problem problem NN 2167 47 15 of of IN 2167 47 16 digital digital JJ 2167 47 17 preservation preservation NN 2167 47 18 , , , 2167 47 19 8 8 CD 2167 47 20 though though RB 2167 47 21 , , , 2167 47 22 so so CC 2167 47 23 it -PRON- PRP 2167 47 24 is be VBZ 2167 47 25 necessary necessary JJ 2167 47 26 to to TO 2167 47 27 examine examine VB 2167 47 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 2167 47 29 error error NN 2167 47 30 rate rate NN 2167 47 31 in in IN 2167 47 32 particular particular JJ 2167 47 33 . . . 2167 48 1 On on IN 2167 48 2 a a DT 2167 48 3 theoretical theoretical JJ 2167 48 4 level level NN 2167 48 5 , , , 2167 48 6 given give VBN 2167 48 7 sufficient sufficient JJ 2167 48 8 copies copy NNS 2167 48 9 , , , 2167 48 10 redundant redundant JJ 2167 48 11 backup backup NN 2167 48 12 is be VBZ 2167 48 13 all all DT 2167 48 14 but but CC 2167 48 15 infallible infallible JJ 2167 48 16 . . . 2167 49 1 In in IN 2167 49 2 practice practice NN 2167 49 3 , , , 2167 49 4 technological technological JJ 2167 49 5 limitations limitation NNS 2167 49 6 emerge emerge VBP 2167 49 7 . . . 2167 50 1 9 9 CD 2167 50 2 The the DT 2167 50 3 number number NN 2167 50 4 of of IN 2167 50 5 copies copy NNS 2167 50 6 required require VBN 2167 50 7 to to TO 2167 50 8 ensure ensure VB 2167 50 9 perfect perfect JJ 2167 50 10 bit bit NN 2167 50 11 preservation preservation NN 2167 50 12 is be VBZ 2167 50 13 a a DT 2167 50 14 function function NN 2167 50 15 of of IN 2167 50 16 the the DT 2167 50 17 reliability reliability NN 2167 50 18 of of IN 2167 50 19 the the DT 2167 50 20 hardware hardware NN 2167 50 21 storing store VBG 2167 50 22 each each DT 2167 50 23 copy copy NN 2167 50 24 . . . 2167 51 1 Multiple multiple JJ 2167 51 2 studies study NNS 2167 51 3 have have VBP 2167 51 4 found find VBN 2167 51 5 that that IN 2167 51 6 hardware hardware NN 2167 51 7 failure failure NN 2167 51 8 rates rate NNS 2167 51 9 greatly greatly RB 2167 51 10 exceed exceed VBP 2167 51 11 manufacturers manufacturer NNS 2167 51 12 ’ ’ POS 2167 51 13 claims claim NNS 2167 51 14 . . . 2167 52 1 10 10 CD 2167 52 2 Rosenthal Rosenthal NNP 2167 52 3 argues argue VBZ 2167 52 4 that that IN 2167 52 5 , , , 2167 52 6 given give VBN 2167 52 7 the the DT 2167 52 8 extreme extreme JJ 2167 52 9 time time NN 2167 52 10 spans span NNS 2167 52 11 under under IN 2167 52 12 consideration consideration NN 2167 52 13 , , , 2167 52 14 storage storage NN 2167 52 15 reliability reliability NN 2167 52 16 is be VBZ 2167 52 17 not not RB 2167 52 18 just just RB 2167 52 19 unknown unknown JJ 2167 52 20 but but CC 2167 52 21 untestable untestable JJ 2167 52 22 . . . 2167 53 1 11 11 CD 2167 53 2 He -PRON- PRP 2167 53 3 therefore therefore RB 2167 53 4 concludes conclude VBZ 2167 53 5 that that IN 2167 53 6 it -PRON- PRP 2167 53 7 can can MD 2167 53 8 not not RB 2167 53 9 be be VB 2167 53 10 known know VBN 2167 53 11 with with IN 2167 53 12 certainty certainty NN 2167 53 13 how how WRB 2167 53 14 many many JJ 2167 53 15 copies copy NNS 2167 53 16 are be VBP 2167 53 17 needed need VBN 2167 53 18 to to TO 2167 53 19 sustain sustain VB 2167 53 20 acceptably acceptably RB 2167 53 21 low low JJ 2167 53 22 error error NN 2167 53 23 rates rate NNS 2167 53 24 . . . 2167 54 1 Even even RB 2167 54 2 today today NN 2167 54 3 ’s ’s POS 2167 54 4 best good JJS 2167 54 5 digital digital JJ 2167 54 6 preservation preservation NN 2167 54 7 technologies technology NNS 2167 54 8 are be VBP 2167 54 9 subject subject JJ 2167 54 10 to to IN 2167 54 11 some some DT 2167 54 12 degree degree NN 2167 54 13 of of IN 2167 54 14 loss loss NN 2167 54 15 and and CC 2167 54 16 error error NN 2167 54 17 . . . 2167 55 1 Analog analog JJ 2167 55 2 materials material NNS 2167 55 3 are be VBP 2167 55 4 also also RB 2167 55 5 inevitably inevitably RB 2167 55 6 subject subject JJ 2167 55 7 to to IN 2167 55 8 deterioration deterioration NN 2167 55 9 , , , 2167 55 10 of of IN 2167 55 11 course course NN 2167 55 12 , , , 2167 55 13 but but CC 2167 55 14 the the DT 2167 55 15 promise promise NN 2167 55 16 of of IN 2167 55 17 digital digital JJ 2167 55 18 media medium NNS 2167 55 19 leads lead VBZ 2167 55 20 many many JJ 2167 55 21 to to TO 2167 55 22 unrealistic unrealistic JJ 2167 55 23 expectations expectation NNS 2167 55 24 of of IN 2167 55 25 perfection perfection NN 2167 55 26 . . . 2167 56 1 Nevertheless nevertheless RB 2167 56 2 , , , 2167 56 3 modern modern JJ 2167 56 4 digital digital JJ 2167 56 5 preservation preservation NN 2167 56 6 technology technology NN 2167 56 7 addresses address VBZ 2167 56 8 the the DT 2167 56 9 fundamental fundamental JJ 2167 56 10 needs need NNS 2167 56 11 of of IN 2167 56 12 archival archival NN 2167 56 13 institutions institution NNS 2167 56 14 to to IN 2167 56 15 a a DT 2167 56 16 workable workable JJ 2167 56 17 degree degree NN 2167 56 18 . . . 2167 57 1 Technological technological JJ 2167 57 2 limitations limitation NNS 2167 57 3 to to IN 2167 57 4 digital digital JJ 2167 57 5 preservation preservation NN 2167 57 6 still still RB 2167 57 7 exist exist VBP 2167 57 8 but but CC 2167 57 9 the the DT 2167 57 10 aspects aspect NNS 2167 57 11 of of IN 2167 57 12 digital digital JJ 2167 57 13 preservation preservation NN 2167 57 14 beyond beyond IN 2167 57 15 purely purely RB 2167 57 16 technical technical JJ 2167 57 17 considerations consideration NNS 2167 57 18 — — : 2167 57 19 access access NN 2167 57 20 , , , 2167 57 21 selection selection NN 2167 57 22 , , , 2167 57 23 law law NN 2167 57 24 , , , 2167 57 25 and and CC 2167 57 26 finances finance NNS 2167 57 27 — — : 2167 57 28 should should MD 2167 57 29 gain gain VB 2167 57 30 greater great JJR 2167 57 31 relative relative JJ 2167 57 32 importance importance NN 2167 57 33 than than IN 2167 57 34 they -PRON- PRP 2167 57 35 have have VBP 2167 57 36 in in IN 2167 57 37 the the DT 2167 57 38 past past NN 2167 57 39 . . . 2167 58 1 ACCESS ACCESS NNP 2167 58 2 With with IN 2167 58 3 regard regard NN 2167 58 4 to to IN 2167 58 5 digital digital JJ 2167 58 6 preservation preservation NN 2167 58 7 , , , 2167 58 8 there there EX 2167 58 9 are be VBP 2167 58 10 two two CD 2167 58 11 different different JJ 2167 58 12 dimensions dimension NNS 2167 58 13 of of IN 2167 58 14 access access NN 2167 58 15 that that WDT 2167 58 16 are be VBP 2167 58 17 important important JJ 2167 58 18 . . . 2167 59 1 At at IN 2167 59 2 one one CD 2167 59 3 end end NN 2167 59 4 of of IN 2167 59 5 a a DT 2167 59 6 digital digital JJ 2167 59 7 preservation preservation NN 2167 59 8 operation operation NN 2167 59 9 , , , 2167 59 10 authorized authorize VBN 2167 59 11 users user NNS 2167 59 12 must must MD 2167 59 13 be be VB 2167 59 14 able able JJ 2167 59 15 to to TO 2167 59 16 access access VB 2167 59 17 an an DT 2167 59 18 archival archival NN 2167 59 19 institution institution NN 2167 59 20 ’s ’s POS 2167 59 21 holdings holding NNS 2167 59 22 and and CC 2167 59 23 unauthorized unauthorized JJ 2167 59 24 users user NNS 2167 59 25 restricted restrict VBN 2167 59 26 from from IN 2167 59 27 doing do VBG 2167 59 28 so so RB 2167 59 29 . . . 2167 60 1 This this DT 2167 60 2 is be VBZ 2167 60 3 largely largely RB 2167 60 4 a a DT 2167 60 5 question question NN 2167 60 6 of of IN 2167 60 7 technology technology NN 2167 60 8 and and CC 2167 60 9 rights right NNS 2167 60 10 management management NN 2167 60 11 — — : 2167 60 12 users user NNS 2167 60 13 must must MD 2167 60 14 be be VB 2167 60 15 able able JJ 2167 60 16 to to TO 2167 60 17 access access VB 2167 60 18 preserved preserve VBN 2167 60 19 information information NN 2167 60 20 and and CC 2167 60 21 permitted permit VBD 2167 60 22 to to TO 2167 60 23 do do VB 2167 60 24 so so RB 2167 60 25 . . . 2167 61 1 This this DT 2167 61 2 dimension dimension NN 2167 61 3 of of IN 2167 61 4 access access NN 2167 61 5 is be VBZ 2167 61 6 addressed address VBN 2167 61 7 in in IN 2167 61 8 the the DT 2167 61 9 Technology Technology NNP 2167 61 10 and and CC 2167 61 11 Law Law NNP 2167 61 12 sections section NNS 2167 61 13 of of IN 2167 61 14 this this DT 2167 61 15 paper paper NN 2167 61 16 . . . 2167 62 1 The the DT 2167 62 2 other other JJ 2167 62 3 dimension dimension NN 2167 62 4 of of IN 2167 62 5 access access NN 2167 62 6 occurs occur VBZ 2167 62 7 at at IN 2167 62 8 the the DT 2167 62 9 other other JJ 2167 62 10 end end NN 2167 62 11 of of IN 2167 62 12 a a DT 2167 62 13 digital digital JJ 2167 62 14 preservation preservation NN 2167 62 15 operation operation NN 2167 62 16 : : : 2167 62 17 An an DT 2167 62 18 archival archival NN 2167 62 19 institution institution NN 2167 62 20 must must MD 2167 62 21 be be VB 2167 62 22 able able JJ 2167 62 23 to to TO 2167 62 24 access access VB 2167 62 25 a a DT 2167 62 26 digital digital JJ 2167 62 27 object object NN 2167 62 28 to to TO 2167 62 29 preserve preserve VB 2167 62 30 it -PRON- PRP 2167 62 31 . . . 2167 63 1 This this DT 2167 63 2 simple simple JJ 2167 63 3 fact fact NN 2167 63 4 leads lead VBZ 2167 63 5 to to IN 2167 63 6 serious serious JJ 2167 63 7 restrictions restriction NNS 2167 63 8 on on IN 2167 63 9 the the DT 2167 63 10 scope scope NN 2167 63 11 of of IN 2167 63 12 digital digital JJ 2167 63 13 preservation preservation NN 2167 63 14 because because IN 2167 63 15 much much JJ 2167 63 16 of of IN 2167 63 17 the the DT 2167 63 18 world world NN 2167 63 19 ’s ’s POS 2167 63 20 digital digital JJ 2167 63 21 information information NN 2167 63 22 is be VBZ 2167 63 23 inaccessible inaccessible JJ 2167 63 24 for for IN 2167 63 25 the the DT 2167 63 26 purposes purpose NNS 2167 63 27 of of IN 2167 63 28 archiving archive VBG 2167 63 29 by by IN 2167 63 30 libraries library NNS 2167 63 31 and and CC 2167 63 32 archives archive NNS 2167 63 33 . . . 2167 64 1 There there EX 2167 64 2 are be VBP 2167 64 3 a a DT 2167 64 4 number number NN 2167 64 5 of of IN 2167 64 6 reasons reason NNS 2167 64 7 why why WRB 2167 64 8 a a DT 2167 64 9 given give VBN 2167 64 10 digital digital JJ 2167 64 11 object object NN 2167 64 12 may may MD 2167 64 13 be be VB 2167 64 14 inaccessible inaccessible JJ 2167 64 15 . . . 2167 65 1 Large large JJ 2167 65 2 - - HYPH 2167 65 3 scale scale NN 2167 65 4 harvesting harvesting NN 2167 65 5 of of IN 2167 65 6 webpages webpage NNS 2167 65 7 requires require VBZ 2167 65 8 automated automate VBN 2167 65 9 programs program NNS 2167 65 10 that that IN 2167 65 11 “ " `` 2167 65 12 crawl crawl NN 2167 65 13 ” " '' 2167 65 14 the the DT 2167 65 15 Web web NN 2167 65 16 , , , 2167 65 17 discovering discover VBG 2167 65 18 and and CC 2167 65 19 capturing capture VBG 2167 65 20 pages page NNS 2167 65 21 as as IN 2167 65 22 they -PRON- PRP 2167 65 23 go go VBP 2167 65 24 . . . 2167 66 1 Web web NN 2167 66 2 crawlers crawler NNS 2167 66 3 can can MD 2167 66 4 not not RB 2167 66 5 access access VB 2167 66 6 password password NN 2167 66 7 - - HYPH 2167 66 8 protected protect VBN 2167 66 9 sites site NNS 2167 66 10 ( ( -LRB- 2167 66 11 e.g. e.g. RB 2167 66 12 , , , 2167 66 13 Facebook Facebook NNP 2167 66 14 ) ) -RRB- 2167 66 15 and and CC 2167 66 16 database database NN 2167 66 17 - - HYPH 2167 66 18 backed back VBN 2167 66 19 sites site NNS 2167 66 20 ( ( -LRB- 2167 66 21 all all DT 2167 66 22 manner manner NN 2167 66 23 of of IN 2167 66 24 sites site NNS 2167 66 25 , , , 2167 66 26 including include VBG 2167 66 27 many many JJ 2167 66 28 blogs blog NNS 2167 66 29 , , , 2167 66 30 news news NN 2167 66 31 sites site NNS 2167 66 32 , , , 2167 66 33 e e NNP 2167 66 34 - - NN 2167 66 35 commerce commerce NN 2167 66 36 sites site NNS 2167 66 37 , , , 2167 66 38 INFORMATION INFORMATION VBD 2167 66 39 TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY NNP 2167 66 40 AND and CC 2167 66 41 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 2167 66 42 | | NNP 2167 66 43 JUNE JUNE NNP 2167 66 44 2012 2012 CD 2167 66 45 66 66 CD 2167 66 46 and and CC 2167 66 47 countless countless JJ 2167 66 48 collections collection NNS 2167 66 49 of of IN 2167 66 50 data datum NNS 2167 66 51 ) ) -RRB- 2167 66 52 . . . 2167 67 1 This this DT 2167 67 2 inaccessible inaccessible JJ 2167 67 3 portion portion NN 2167 67 4 of of IN 2167 67 5 the the DT 2167 67 6 Web web NN 2167 67 7 is be VBZ 2167 67 8 estimated estimate VBN 2167 67 9 to to TO 2167 67 10 dwarf dwarf VB 2167 67 11 the the DT 2167 67 12 readily readily RB 2167 67 13 accessible accessible JJ 2167 67 14 portion portion NN 2167 67 15 by by IN 2167 67 16 orders order NNS 2167 67 17 of of IN 2167 67 18 magnitude magnitude NN 2167 67 19 . . . 2167 68 1 There there EX 2167 68 2 is be VBZ 2167 68 3 also also RB 2167 68 4 an an DT 2167 68 5 enormous enormous JJ 2167 68 6 amount amount NN 2167 68 7 of of IN 2167 68 8 inaccessible inaccessible JJ 2167 68 9 digital digital JJ 2167 68 10 information information NN 2167 68 11 that that WDT 2167 68 12 is be VBZ 2167 68 13 not not RB 2167 68 14 part part NN 2167 68 15 of of IN 2167 68 16 the the DT 2167 68 17 Web web NN 2167 68 18 at at RB 2167 68 19 all all RB 2167 68 20 , , , 2167 68 21 such such JJ 2167 68 22 as as IN 2167 68 23 emails email NNS 2167 68 24 , , , 2167 68 25 company company NN 2167 68 26 intranets intranet NNS 2167 68 27 , , , 2167 68 28 and and CC 2167 68 29 digital digital JJ 2167 68 30 objects object NNS 2167 68 31 created create VBN 2167 68 32 and and CC 2167 68 33 stored store VBN 2167 68 34 by by IN 2167 68 35 individuals individual NNS 2167 68 36 . . . 2167 69 1 12 12 CD 2167 69 2 Additionally additionally RB 2167 69 3 , , , 2167 69 4 there there EX 2167 69 5 is be VBZ 2167 69 6 a a DT 2167 69 7 temporal temporal JJ 2167 69 8 limit limit NN 2167 69 9 to to IN 2167 69 10 access access NN 2167 69 11 . . . 2167 70 1 Some some DT 2167 70 2 digital digital JJ 2167 70 3 objects object NNS 2167 70 4 only only RB 2167 70 5 are be VBP 2167 70 6 accessible accessible JJ 2167 70 7 ( ( -LRB- 2167 70 8 or or CC 2167 70 9 even even RB 2167 70 10 exist exist VB 2167 70 11 ) ) -RRB- 2167 70 12 for for IN 2167 70 13 a a DT 2167 70 14 short short JJ 2167 70 15 window window NN 2167 70 16 of of IN 2167 70 17 time time NN 2167 70 18 , , , 2167 70 19 and and CC 2167 70 20 all all DT 2167 70 21 require require VBP 2167 70 22 some some DT 2167 70 23 measure measure NN 2167 70 24 of of IN 2167 70 25 active active JJ 2167 70 26 preservation preservation NN 2167 70 27 to to TO 2167 70 28 avoid avoid VB 2167 70 29 permanent permanent JJ 2167 70 30 loss loss NN 2167 70 31 . . . 2167 71 1 13 13 CD 2167 71 2 The the DT 2167 71 3 lifespans lifespan NNS 2167 71 4 of of IN 2167 71 5 many many JJ 2167 71 6 webpages webpage NNS 2167 71 7 are be VBP 2167 71 8 vanishingly vanishingly RB 2167 71 9 short short JJ 2167 71 10 . . . 2167 72 1 Other other JJ 2167 72 2 pages page NNS 2167 72 3 , , , 2167 72 4 like like IN 2167 72 5 some some DT 2167 72 6 news news NN 2167 72 7 items item NNS 2167 72 8 , , , 2167 72 9 are be VBP 2167 72 10 publicly publicly RB 2167 72 11 accessible accessible JJ 2167 72 12 for for IN 2167 72 13 a a DT 2167 72 14 short short JJ 2167 72 15 window window NN 2167 72 16 before before IN 2167 72 17 they -PRON- PRP 2167 72 18 are be VBP 2167 72 19 hidden hide VBN 2167 72 20 behind behind IN 2167 72 21 paywalls paywall NNS 2167 72 22 . . . 2167 73 1 Even even RB 2167 73 2 long long RB 2167 73 3 - - HYPH 2167 73 4 lasting last VBG 2167 73 5 digital digital JJ 2167 73 6 objects object NNS 2167 73 7 are be VBP 2167 73 8 often often RB 2167 73 9 dynamic dynamic JJ 2167 73 10 : : : 2167 73 11 the the DT 2167 73 12 ads ad NNS 2167 73 13 accompanying accompany VBG 2167 73 14 a a DT 2167 73 15 webpage webpage NN 2167 73 16 may may MD 2167 73 17 change change VB 2167 73 18 with with IN 2167 73 19 each each DT 2167 73 20 visit visit NN 2167 73 21 ; ; : 2167 73 22 news news NN 2167 73 23 articles article NNS 2167 73 24 and and CC 2167 73 25 other other JJ 2167 73 26 documents document NNS 2167 73 27 are be VBP 2167 73 28 revised revise VBN 2167 73 29 ; ; : 2167 73 30 blog blog NN 2167 73 31 posts post NNS 2167 73 32 and and CC 2167 73 33 comments comment NNS 2167 73 34 are be VBP 2167 73 35 deleted delete VBN 2167 73 36 . . . 2167 74 1 If if IN 2167 74 2 an an DT 2167 74 3 archival archival NN 2167 74 4 institution institution NN 2167 74 5 can can MD 2167 74 6 not not RB 2167 74 7 access access VB 2167 74 8 a a DT 2167 74 9 digital digital JJ 2167 74 10 object object NN 2167 74 11 quickly quickly RB 2167 74 12 or or CC 2167 74 13 frequently frequently RB 2167 74 14 enough enough RB 2167 74 15 , , , 2167 74 16 the the DT 2167 74 17 object object NN 2167 74 18 can can MD 2167 74 19 not not RB 2167 74 20 be be VB 2167 74 21 archived archive VBN 2167 74 22 , , , 2167 74 23 at at IN 2167 74 24 least least JJS 2167 74 25 not not RB 2167 74 26 completely completely RB 2167 74 27 . . . 2167 75 1 Large large JJ 2167 75 2 - - HYPH 2167 75 3 scale scale NN 2167 75 4 digital digital JJ 2167 75 5 preservation preservation NN 2167 75 6 , , , 2167 75 7 which which WDT 2167 75 8 in in IN 2167 75 9 practice practice NN 2167 75 10 necessarily necessarily RB 2167 75 11 relies rely VBZ 2167 75 12 on on IN 2167 75 13 periodic periodic JJ 2167 75 14 automated automate VBN 2167 75 15 harvesting harvesting NN 2167 75 16 of of IN 2167 75 17 content content NN 2167 75 18 , , , 2167 75 19 is be VBZ 2167 75 20 therefore therefore RB 2167 75 21 limited limited JJ 2167 75 22 to to IN 2167 75 23 capturing capture VBG 2167 75 24 snapshots snapshot NNS 2167 75 25 of of IN 2167 75 26 the the DT 2167 75 27 changes change NNS 2167 75 28 digital digital JJ 2167 75 29 objects object NNS 2167 75 30 undergo undergo VBP 2167 75 31 over over IN 2167 75 32 their -PRON- PRP$ 2167 75 33 lifespans lifespan NNS 2167 75 34 . . . 2167 76 1 LAW LAW NNP 2167 76 2 Existing Existing NNP 2167 76 3 copyright copyright NN 2167 76 4 law law NN 2167 76 5 does do VBZ 2167 76 6 not not RB 2167 76 7 translate translate VB 2167 76 8 well well RB 2167 76 9 to to IN 2167 76 10 the the DT 2167 76 11 digital digital JJ 2167 76 12 realm realm NN 2167 76 13 . . . 2167 77 1 Leaving leave VBG 2167 77 2 aside aside RB 2167 77 3 the the DT 2167 77 4 complexities complexity NNS 2167 77 5 of of IN 2167 77 6 international international JJ 2167 77 7 copyright copyright NN 2167 77 8 law law NN 2167 77 9 , , , 2167 77 10 in in IN 2167 77 11 the the DT 2167 77 12 United United NNP 2167 77 13 States States NNP 2167 77 14 it -PRON- PRP 2167 77 15 is be VBZ 2167 77 16 not not RB 2167 77 17 clear clear JJ 2167 77 18 , , , 2167 77 19 for for IN 2167 77 20 example example NN 2167 77 21 , , , 2167 77 22 whether whether IN 2167 77 23 an an DT 2167 77 24 archival archival NN 2167 77 25 institution institution NN 2167 77 26 like like IN 2167 77 27 the the DT 2167 77 28 Library Library NNP 2167 77 29 of of IN 2167 77 30 Congress Congress NNP 2167 77 31 is be VBZ 2167 77 32 bound bind VBN 2167 77 33 by by IN 2167 77 34 licensing license VBG 2167 77 35 restrictions restriction NNS 2167 77 36 and and CC 2167 77 37 if if IN 2167 77 38 it -PRON- PRP 2167 77 39 can can MD 2167 77 40 require require VB 2167 77 41 deposit deposit NN 2167 77 42 of of IN 2167 77 43 digital digital JJ 2167 77 44 objects object NNS 2167 77 45 , , , 2167 77 46 nor nor CC 2167 77 47 whether whether IN 2167 77 48 content content NN 2167 77 49 on on IN 2167 77 50 the the DT 2167 77 51 Web web NN 2167 77 52 or or CC 2167 77 53 in in IN 2167 77 54 databases database NNS 2167 77 55 should should MD 2167 77 56 be be VB 2167 77 57 treated treat VBN 2167 77 58 as as IN 2167 77 59 published publish VBN 2167 77 60 or or CC 2167 77 61 unpublished unpublishe VBN 2167 77 62 . . . 2167 78 1 14 14 CD 2167 78 2 “ " `` 2167 78 3 Many many JJ 2167 78 4 of of IN 2167 78 5 the the DT 2167 78 6 uncertainties uncertainty NNS 2167 78 7 come come VBP 2167 78 8 from from IN 2167 78 9 applying apply VBG 2167 78 10 laws law NNS 2167 78 11 to to IN 2167 78 12 technologies technology NNS 2167 78 13 and and CC 2167 78 14 methods method NNS 2167 78 15 of of IN 2167 78 16 distribution distribution NN 2167 78 17 they -PRON- PRP 2167 78 18 were be VBD 2167 78 19 not not RB 2167 78 20 designed design VBN 2167 78 21 to to TO 2167 78 22 address address VB 2167 78 23 . . . 2167 78 24 ” " '' 2167 78 25 15 15 CD 2167 78 26 A a DT 2167 78 27 lack lack NN 2167 78 28 of of IN 2167 78 29 revised revised JJ 2167 78 30 laws law NNS 2167 78 31 or or CC 2167 78 32 even even RB 2167 78 33 relevant relevant JJ 2167 78 34 court court NN 2167 78 35 decisions decision NNS 2167 78 36 significantly significantly RB 2167 78 37 impacts impact VBZ 2167 78 38 the the DT 2167 78 39 potential potential JJ 2167 78 40 scale scale NN 2167 78 41 of of IN 2167 78 42 digital digital JJ 2167 78 43 preservation preservation NN 2167 78 44 , , , 2167 78 45 as as IN 2167 78 46 few few JJ 2167 78 47 archival archival NN 2167 78 48 institutions institution NNS 2167 78 49 will will MD 2167 78 50 venture venture VB 2167 78 51 to to TO 2167 78 52 preserve preserve VB 2167 78 53 digital digital JJ 2167 78 54 objects object NNS 2167 78 55 without without IN 2167 78 56 legal legal JJ 2167 78 57 protection protection NN 2167 78 58 for for IN 2167 78 59 doing do VBG 2167 78 60 so so RB 2167 78 61 . . . 2167 79 1 Given give VBN 2167 79 2 this this DT 2167 79 3 unclear unclear JJ 2167 79 4 legal legal JJ 2167 79 5 environment environment NN 2167 79 6 , , , 2167 79 7 efforts effort NNS 2167 79 8 at at IN 2167 79 9 large large JJ 2167 79 10 - - HYPH 2167 79 11 scale scale NN 2167 79 12 digital digital JJ 2167 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2167 85 14 sale sale NN 2167 85 15 that that WDT 2167 85 16 , , , 2167 85 17 among among IN 2167 85 18 other other JJ 2167 85 19 things thing NNS 2167 85 20 , , , 2167 85 21 allows allow VBZ 2167 85 22 for for IN 2167 85 23 actions action NNS 2167 85 24 related relate VBN 2167 85 25 to to IN 2167 85 26 preservation preservation NN 2167 85 27 that that WDT 2167 85 28 would would MD 2167 85 29 otherwise otherwise RB 2167 85 30 breach breach VB 2167 85 31 copyright copyright NN 2167 85 32 . . . 2167 86 1 17 17 CD 2167 86 2 Preservation preservation NN 2167 86 3 of of IN 2167 86 4 licensed license VBN 2167 86 5 works work NNS 2167 86 6 requires require VBZ 2167 86 7 that that IN 2167 86 8 libraries library NNS 2167 86 9 either either CC 2167 86 10 cede cede VBZ 2167 86 11 archival archival NN 2167 86 12 responsibility responsibility NN 2167 86 13 to to IN 2167 86 14 rights right NNS 2167 86 15 PRACTICAL practical NN 2167 86 16 LIMITS limits JJ 2167 86 17 TO to IN 2167 86 18 THE the DT 2167 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limit NNS 2167 94 8 to to IN 2167 94 9 the the DT 2167 94 10 scope scope NN 2167 94 11 of of IN 2167 94 12 digital digital JJ 2167 94 13 preservation preservation NN 2167 94 14 . . . 2167 95 1 The the DT 2167 95 2 human human JJ 2167 95 3 mediation mediation NN 2167 95 4 of of IN 2167 95 5 the the DT 2167 95 6 selective selective JJ 2167 95 7 model model NN 2167 95 8 limits limit VBZ 2167 95 9 the the DT 2167 95 10 scale scale NN 2167 95 11 of of IN 2167 95 12 what what WP 2167 95 13 can can MD 2167 95 14 be be VB 2167 95 15 preserved preserve VBN 2167 95 16 , , , 2167 95 17 as as IN 2167 95 18 objects object NNS 2167 95 19 can can MD 2167 95 20 only only RB 2167 95 21 be be VB 2167 95 22 acquired acquire VBN 2167 95 23 as as RB 2167 95 24 quickly quickly RB 2167 95 25 as as IN 2167 95 26 staff staff NN 2167 95 27 can can MD 2167 95 28 appraise appraise VB 2167 95 29 them -PRON- PRP 2167 95 30 . . . 2167 96 1 The the DT 2167 96 2 collaborative collaborative JJ 2167 96 3 and and CC 2167 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digital digital JJ 2167 103 6 preservation preservation NN 2167 103 7 that that WDT 2167 103 8 offers offer VBZ 2167 103 9 the the DT 2167 103 10 highest high JJS 2167 103 11 quality quality NN 2167 103 12 and and CC 2167 103 13 lowest low JJS 2167 103 14 risk risk NN 2167 103 15 , , , 2167 103 16 redundant redundant JJ 2167 103 17 offsite offsite NN 2167 103 18 copies copy NNS 2167 103 19 , , , 2167 103 20 also also RB 2167 103 21 carries carry VBZ 2167 103 22 hard hard JJ 2167 103 23 - - HYPH 2167 103 24 to to IN 2167 103 25 - - HYPH 2167 103 26 sustain sustain NN 2167 103 27 costs cost NNS 2167 103 28 . . . 2167 104 1 While while IN 2167 104 2 the the DT 2167 104 3 cost cost NN 2167 104 4 of of IN 2167 104 5 storage storage NN 2167 104 6 continues continue VBZ 2167 104 7 to to TO 2167 104 8 drop drop VB 2167 104 9 , , , 2167 104 10 hardware hardware NN 2167 104 11 costs cost NNS 2167 104 12 actually actually RB 2167 104 13 make make VBP 2167 104 14 up up RP 2167 104 15 only only RB 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storage storage NN 2167 105 29 costs cost NNS 2167 105 30 do do VBP 2167 105 31 . . . 2167 106 1 Cost cost NN 2167 106 2 considerations consideration NNS 2167 106 3 similarly similarly RB 2167 106 4 fuel fuel VBP 2167 106 5 non non JJ 2167 106 6 - - JJ 2167 106 7 technical technical JJ 2167 106 8 limitations limitation NNS 2167 106 9 : : : 2167 106 10 Increased increase VBN 2167 106 11 funding funding NN 2167 106 12 can can MD 2167 106 13 increase increase VB 2167 106 14 the the DT 2167 106 15 rate rate NN 2167 106 16 at at IN 2167 106 17 which which WDT 2167 106 18 digital digital JJ 2167 106 19 objects object NNS 2167 106 20 are be VBP 2167 106 21 accessed access VBN 2167 106 22 for for IN 2167 106 23 preservation preservation NN 2167 106 24 and and CC 2167 106 25 can can MD 2167 106 26 enable enable VB 2167 106 27 development development NN 2167 106 28 of of IN 2167 106 29 systems system NNS 2167 106 30 to to IN 2167 106 31 mine mine PRP$ 2167 106 32 deep deep JJ 2167 106 33 Web web NN 2167 106 34 resources resource NNS 2167 106 35 . . . 2167 107 1 Selection selection NN 2167 107 2 is be VBZ 2167 107 3 limited limit VBN 2167 107 4 by by IN 2167 107 5 the the DT 2167 107 6 number number NN 2167 107 7 of of IN 2167 107 8 staff staff NN 2167 107 9 who who WP 2167 107 10 can can MD 2167 107 11 evaluate evaluate VB 2167 107 12 objects object NNS 2167 107 13 or or CC 2167 107 14 INFORMATION INFORMATION NNP 2167 107 15 TECHNOLOGY technology NN 2167 107 16 AND and CC 2167 107 17 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 2167 107 18 | | NNP 2167 107 19 JUNE JUNE NNP 2167 107 20 2012 2012 CD 2167 107 21 68 68 CD 2167 107 22 the the DT 2167 107 23 need need NN 2167 107 24 to to TO 2167 107 25 develop develop VB 2167 107 26 systems system NNS 2167 107 27 to to TO 2167 107 28 automate automate VB 2167 107 29 appraisal appraisal NN 2167 107 30 . . . 2167 108 1 Negotiating negotiate VBG 2167 108 2 perpetual perpetual JJ 2167 108 3 access access NN 2167 108 4 to to IN 2167 108 5 objects object NNS 2167 108 6 or or CC 2167 108 7 arranging arrange VBG 2167 108 8 to to TO 2167 108 9 purchase purchase VB 2167 108 10 archival archival NN 2167 108 11 copies copy NNS 2167 108 12 creates create VBZ 2167 108 13 additional additional JJ 2167 108 14 costs cost NNS 2167 108 15 . . . 2167 109 1 The the DT 2167 109 2 broad broad JJ 2167 109 3 financial financial JJ 2167 109 4 effect effect NN 2167 109 5 is be VBZ 2167 109 6 that that IN 2167 109 7 any any DT 2167 109 8 digital digital JJ 2167 109 9 preservation preservation NN 2167 109 10 requires require VBZ 2167 109 11 dedicated dedicated JJ 2167 109 12 funding funding NN 2167 109 13 over over IN 2167 109 14 an an DT 2167 109 15 indefinite indefinite NN 2167 109 16 timespan timespan NN 2167 109 17 . . . 2167 110 1 Lavoie lavoie NN 2167 110 2 outlines outline VBZ 2167 110 3 the the DT 2167 110 4 problem problem NN 2167 110 5 : : : 2167 110 6 Much much JJ 2167 110 7 of of IN 2167 110 8 the the DT 2167 110 9 discussion discussion NN 2167 110 10 in in IN 2167 110 11 the the DT 2167 110 12 digital digital JJ 2167 110 13 preservation preservation NN 2167 110 14 community community NN 2167 110 15 focuses focus VBZ 2167 110 16 on on IN 2167 110 17 the the DT 2167 110 18 problem problem NN 2167 110 19 of of IN 2167 110 20 ensuring ensure VBG 2167 110 21 that that IN 2167 110 22 digital digital JJ 2167 110 23 materials material NNS 2167 110 24 survive survive VBP 2167 110 25 for for IN 2167 110 26 future future JJ 2167 110 27 generations generation NNS 2167 110 28 . . . 2167 111 1 In in IN 2167 111 2 comparison comparison NN 2167 111 3 , , , 2167 111 4 however however RB 2167 111 5 , , , 2167 111 6 there there EX 2167 111 7 has have VBZ 2167 111 8 been be VBN 2167 111 9 relatively relatively RB 2167 111 10 little little JJ 2167 111 11 discussion discussion NN 2167 111 12 of of IN 2167 111 13 how how WRB 2167 111 14 we -PRON- PRP 2167 111 15 can can MD 2167 111 16 ensure ensure VB 2167 111 17 that that IN 2167 111 18 digital digital JJ 2167 111 19 preservation preservation NN 2167 111 20 activities activity NNS 2167 111 21 survive survive VBP 2167 111 22 beyond beyond IN 2167 111 23 the the DT 2167 111 24 current current JJ 2167 111 25 availability availability NN 2167 111 26 of of IN 2167 111 27 soft soft JJ 2167 111 28 - - HYPH 2167 111 29 money money NN 2167 111 30 funding funding NN 2167 111 31 ; ; : 2167 111 32 or or CC 2167 111 33 the the DT 2167 111 34 transition transition NN 2167 111 35 from from IN 2167 111 36 a a DT 2167 111 37 project project NN 2167 111 38 's 's POS 2167 111 39 first first JJ 2167 111 40 - - HYPH 2167 111 41 generation generation NN 2167 111 42 management management NN 2167 111 43 to to IN 2167 111 44 the the DT 2167 111 45 second second JJ 2167 111 46 ; ; : 2167 111 47 or or CC 2167 111 48 even even RB 2167 111 49 how how WRB 2167 111 50 they -PRON- PRP 2167 111 51 might may MD 2167 111 52 be be VB 2167 111 53 supplied supply VBN 2167 111 54 with with IN 2167 111 55 sufficient sufficient JJ 2167 111 56 resources resource NNS 2167 111 57 to to TO 2167 111 58 get get VB 2167 111 59 underway underway JJ 2167 111 60 at at RB 2167 111 61 all all RB 2167 111 62 . . . 2167 112 1 20 20 CD 2167 112 2 There there EX 2167 112 3 are be VBP 2167 112 4 many many JJ 2167 112 5 possible possible JJ 2167 112 6 funding funding NN 2167 112 7 models model NNS 2167 112 8 for for IN 2167 112 9 digital digital JJ 2167 112 10 preservation preservation NN 2167 112 11 , , , 2167 112 12 21 21 CD 2167 112 13 each each DT 2167 112 14 with with IN 2167 112 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 2167 112 16 own own JJ 2167 112 17 limitations limitation NNS 2167 112 18 . . . 2167 113 1 Creators creator NNS 2167 113 2 and and CC 2167 113 3 rights right NNS 2167 113 4 holders holder NNS 2167 113 5 can can MD 2167 113 6 preserve preserve VB 2167 113 7 their -PRON- PRP$ 2167 113 8 own own JJ 2167 113 9 content content NN 2167 113 10 but but CC 2167 113 11 normally normally RB 2167 113 12 have have VBP 2167 113 13 little little JJ 2167 113 14 incentive incentive NN 2167 113 15 to to TO 2167 113 16 do do VB 2167 113 17 so so RB 2167 113 18 over over IN 2167 113 19 the the DT 2167 113 20 long long JJ 2167 113 21 - - HYPH 2167 113 22 term term NN 2167 113 23 , , , 2167 113 24 as as IN 2167 113 25 demand demand NN 2167 113 26 for for IN 2167 113 27 access access NN 2167 113 28 slackens slacken NNS 2167 113 29 . . . 2167 114 1 Publicly publicly RB 2167 114 2 funded funded JJ 2167 114 3 agencies agency NNS 2167 114 4 can can MD 2167 114 5 preserve preserve VB 2167 114 6 content content NN 2167 114 7 , , , 2167 114 8 but but CC 2167 114 9 they -PRON- PRP 2167 114 10 may may MD 2167 114 11 lack lack VB 2167 114 12 a a DT 2167 114 13 clear clear JJ 2167 114 14 mandate mandate NN 2167 114 15 for for IN 2167 114 16 doing do VBG 2167 114 17 so so RB 2167 114 18 , , , 2167 114 19 and and CC 2167 114 20 they -PRON- PRP 2167 114 21 are be VBP 2167 114 22 chronically chronically RB 2167 114 23 underfunded underfunded JJ 2167 114 24 . . . 2167 115 1 Preservation preservation NN 2167 115 2 may may MD 2167 115 3 be be VB 2167 115 4 voluntarily voluntarily RB 2167 115 5 funded fund VBN 2167 115 6 , , , 2167 115 7 as as IN 2167 115 8 is be VBZ 2167 115 9 the the DT 2167 115 10 case case NN 2167 115 11 for for IN 2167 115 12 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP 2167 115 13 , , , 2167 115 14 although although IN 2167 115 15 it -PRON- PRP 2167 115 16 is be VBZ 2167 115 17 not not RB 2167 115 18 clear clear JJ 2167 115 19 if if IN 2167 115 20 there there EX 2167 115 21 is be VBZ 2167 115 22 enough enough JJ 2167 115 23 potential potential JJ 2167 115 24 volunteer volunteer NN 2167 115 25 funding funding NN 2167 115 26 for for IN 2167 115 27 more more JJR 2167 115 28 than than IN 2167 115 29 a a DT 2167 115 30 few few JJ 2167 115 31 preservation preservation NN 2167 115 32 efforts effort NNS 2167 115 33 . . . 2167 116 1 Fees fee NNS 2167 116 2 may may MD 2167 116 3 support support VB 2167 116 4 preservation preservation NN 2167 116 5 , , , 2167 116 6 either either CC 2167 116 7 through through IN 2167 116 8 charging charge VBG 2167 116 9 users user NNS 2167 116 10 for for IN 2167 116 11 access access NN 2167 116 12 or or CC 2167 116 13 by by IN 2167 116 14 third third JJ 2167 116 15 - - HYPH 2167 116 16 party party NN 2167 116 17 organizations organization NNS 2167 116 18 charging charge VBG 2167 116 19 content content NN 2167 116 20 owners owner NNS 2167 116 21 for for IN 2167 116 22 archival archival NN 2167 116 23 services service NNS 2167 116 24 ; ; : 2167 116 25 in in IN 2167 116 26 such such JJ 2167 116 27 cases case NNS 2167 116 28 , , , 2167 116 29 however however RB 2167 116 30 , , , 2167 116 31 fees fee NNS 2167 116 32 may may MD 2167 116 33 also also RB 2167 116 34 discourage discourage VB 2167 116 35 access access NN 2167 116 36 or or CC 2167 116 37 provision provision NN 2167 116 38 of of IN 2167 116 39 content content NN 2167 116 40 , , , 2167 116 41 respectively respectively RB 2167 116 42 . . . 2167 117 1 A a DT 2167 117 2 Nested Nested NNP 2167 117 3 Model model NN 2167 117 4 of of IN 2167 117 5 Limitations limitation NNS 2167 117 6 These these DT 2167 117 7 aspects aspect NNS 2167 117 8 can can MD 2167 117 9 be be VB 2167 117 10 seen see VBN 2167 117 11 as as IN 2167 117 12 a a DT 2167 117 13 series series NN 2167 117 14 of of IN 2167 117 15 nested nest VBN 2167 117 16 constraints constraint NNS 2167 117 17 ( ( -LRB- 2167 117 18 see see VB 2167 117 19 figure figure NN 2167 117 20 1 1 CD 2167 117 21 ) ) -RRB- 2167 117 22 . . . 2167 118 1 PRACTICAL practical NN 2167 118 2 LIMITS limit NNS 2167 118 3 TO to IN 2167 118 4 THE the DT 2167 118 5 SCOPE SCOPE NNP 2167 118 6 OF of IN 2167 118 7 DIGITAL DIGITAL NNP 2167 118 8 PRESERVATION PRESERVATION NNP 2167 118 9 | | NNP 2167 118 10 KASTELLEC KASTELLEC NNP 2167 118 11 69 69 CD 2167 118 12 Figure figure NN 2167 118 13 1 1 CD 2167 118 14 . . . 2167 119 1 Nested nest VBN 2167 119 2 Model Model NNP 2167 119 3 of of IN 2167 119 4 Limitations Limitations NNP 2167 119 5 At at IN 2167 119 6 the the DT 2167 119 7 highest high JJS 2167 119 8 level level NN 2167 119 9 , , , 2167 119 10 there there EX 2167 119 11 are be VBP 2167 119 12 technical technical JJ 2167 119 13 limitations limitation NNS 2167 119 14 on on IN 2167 119 15 how how WRB 2167 119 16 much much JJ 2167 119 17 digital digital JJ 2167 119 18 information information NN 2167 119 19 can can MD 2167 119 20 be be VB 2167 119 21 preserved preserve VBN 2167 119 22 at at IN 2167 119 23 an an DT 2167 119 24 acceptable acceptable JJ 2167 119 25 quality quality NN 2167 119 26 . . . 2167 120 1 Within within IN 2167 120 2 that that DT 2167 120 3 constraint constraint NN 2167 120 4 , , , 2167 120 5 only only RB 2167 120 6 a a DT 2167 120 7 limited limited JJ 2167 120 8 portion portion NN 2167 120 9 of of IN 2167 120 10 what what WP 2167 120 11 could could MD 2167 120 12 possibly possibly RB 2167 120 13 be be VB 2167 120 14 preserved preserve VBN 2167 120 15 can can MD 2167 120 16 be be VB 2167 120 17 accessed access VBN 2167 120 18 by by IN 2167 120 19 archival archival NN 2167 120 20 institutions institution NNS 2167 120 21 for for IN 2167 120 22 digital digital JJ 2167 120 23 preservation preservation NN 2167 120 24 . . . 2167 121 1 Next next RB 2167 121 2 , , , 2167 121 3 within within IN 2167 121 4 that that DT 2167 121 5 which which WDT 2167 121 6 is be VBZ 2167 121 7 accessible accessible JJ 2167 121 8 , , , 2167 121 9 there there EX 2167 121 10 are be VBP 2167 121 11 legal legal JJ 2167 121 12 limitations limitation NNS 2167 121 13 on on IN 2167 121 14 what what WP 2167 121 15 may may MD 2167 121 16 be be VB 2167 121 17 archived archive VBN 2167 121 18 . . . 2167 122 1 The the DT 2167 122 2 subset subset NN 2167 122 3 defined define VBN 2167 122 4 by by IN 2167 122 5 technological technological JJ 2167 122 6 , , , 2167 122 7 access access NN 2167 122 8 , , , 2167 122 9 and and CC 2167 122 10 legal legal JJ 2167 122 11 limitations limitation NNS 2167 122 12 still still RB 2167 122 13 holds hold VBZ 2167 122 14 far far RB 2167 122 15 more more JJR 2167 122 16 information information NN 2167 122 17 than than IN 2167 122 18 archival archival NN 2167 122 19 institutions institution NNS 2167 122 20 are be VBP 2167 122 21 capable capable JJ 2167 122 22 of of IN 2167 122 23 archiving archive VBG 2167 122 24 , , , 2167 122 25 therefore therefore RB 2167 122 26 selection selection NN 2167 122 27 is be VBZ 2167 122 28 required require VBN 2167 122 29 , , , 2167 122 30 entailing entail VBG 2167 122 31 either either CC 2167 122 32 the the DT 2167 122 33 limited limited JJ 2167 122 34 quality quality NN 2167 122 35 of of IN 2167 122 36 automated automate VBN 2167 122 37 gathering gathering NN 2167 122 38 or or CC 2167 122 39 the the DT 2167 122 40 limited limited JJ 2167 122 41 quantity quantity NN 2167 122 42 of of IN 2167 122 43 human human NN 2167 122 44 - - HYPH 2167 122 45 mediated mediate VBN 2167 122 46 appraisal appraisal NN 2167 122 47 . . . 2167 123 1 Finally finally RB 2167 123 2 , , , 2167 123 3 each each DT 2167 123 4 of of IN 2167 123 5 these these DT 2167 123 6 constraints constraint NNS 2167 123 7 is be VBZ 2167 123 8 in in IN 2167 123 9 turn turn NN 2167 123 10 limited limit VBN 2167 123 11 by by IN 2167 123 12 financial financial JJ 2167 123 13 considerations consideration NNS 2167 123 14 , , , 2167 123 15 so so CC 2167 123 16 finances finance NNS 2167 123 17 exert exert VBP 2167 123 18 pressure pressure NN 2167 123 19 at at IN 2167 123 20 each each DT 2167 123 21 level level NN 2167 123 22 . . . 2167 124 1 CONCLUSION CONCLUSION NNP 2167 124 2 It -PRON- PRP 2167 124 3 is be VBZ 2167 124 4 possible possible JJ 2167 124 5 to to TO 2167 124 6 envision envision VB 2167 124 7 alternative alternative JJ 2167 124 8 ways way NNS 2167 124 9 to to TO 2167 124 10 model model VB 2167 124 11 these these DT 2167 124 12 series series NN 2167 124 13 of of IN 2167 124 14 constraints constraint NNS 2167 124 15 — — : 2167 124 16 the the DT 2167 124 17 order order NN 2167 124 18 could could MD 2167 124 19 be be VB 2167 124 20 different different JJ 2167 124 21 , , , 2167 124 22 or or CC 2167 124 23 they -PRON- PRP 2167 124 24 could could MD 2167 124 25 all all RB 2167 124 26 be be VB 2167 124 27 centered center VBN 2167 124 28 on on IN 2167 124 29 a a DT 2167 124 30 single single JJ 2167 124 31 point point NN 2167 124 32 but but CC 2167 124 33 not not RB 2167 124 34 nested nest VBN 2167 124 35 within within IN 2167 124 36 each each DT 2167 124 37 other other JJ 2167 124 38 . . . 2167 125 1 Thus thus RB 2167 125 2 , , , 2167 125 3 undue undue JJ 2167 125 4 attention attention NN 2167 125 5 should should MD 2167 125 6 not not RB 2167 125 7 be be VB 2167 125 8 given give VBN 2167 125 9 to to IN 2167 125 10 the the DT 2167 125 11 specific specific JJ 2167 125 12 sequence sequence NN 2167 125 13 outlined outline VBN 2167 125 14 above above RB 2167 125 15 . . . 2167 126 1 One one CD 2167 126 2 important important JJ 2167 126 3 conclusion conclusion NN 2167 126 4 that that WDT 2167 126 5 may may MD 2167 126 6 be be VB 2167 126 7 drawn draw VBN 2167 126 8 , , , 2167 126 9 however however RB 2167 126 10 , , , 2167 126 11 is be VBZ 2167 126 12 that that IN 2167 126 13 the the DT 2167 126 14 identified identify VBN 2167 126 15 limitations limitation NNS 2167 126 16 are be VBP 2167 126 17 related related JJ 2167 126 18 but but CC 2167 126 19 distinct distinct JJ 2167 126 20 . . . 2167 127 1 The the DT 2167 127 2 preponderance preponderance NN 2167 127 3 of of IN 2167 127 4 digital digital JJ 2167 127 5 preservation preservation NN 2167 127 6 research research NN 2167 127 7 to to IN 2167 127 8 date date NN 2167 127 9 has have VBZ 2167 127 10 understandably understandably RB 2167 127 11 focused focus VBN 2167 127 12 on on IN 2167 127 13 overcoming overcome VBG 2167 127 14 technological technological JJ 2167 127 15 limitations limitation NNS 2167 127 16 . . . 2167 128 1 With with IN 2167 128 2 the the DT 2167 128 3 establishment establishment NN 2167 128 4 of of IN 2167 128 5 the the DT 2167 128 6 redundant redundant JJ 2167 128 7 backup backup JJ 2167 128 8 model model NN 2167 128 9 , , , 2167 128 10 which which WDT 2167 128 11 addresses address VBZ 2167 128 12 technological technological JJ 2167 128 13 limitations limitation NNS 2167 128 14 to to IN 2167 128 15 a a DT 2167 128 16 workable workable JJ 2167 128 17 degree degree NN 2167 128 18 , , , 2167 128 19 the the DT 2167 128 20 field field NN 2167 128 21 would would MD 2167 128 22 be be VB 2167 128 23 well well RB 2167 128 24 served serve VBN 2167 128 25 by by IN 2167 128 26 greater great JJR 2167 128 27 efforts effort NNS 2167 128 28 to to TO 2167 128 29 push push VB 2167 128 30 back back RP 2167 128 31 the the DT 2167 128 32 non non JJ 2167 128 33 - - JJ 2167 128 34 technical technical JJ 2167 128 35 limitations limitation NNS 2167 128 36 of of IN 2167 128 37 access access NN 2167 128 38 , , , 2167 128 39 law law NN 2167 128 40 , , , 2167 128 41 and and CC 2167 128 42 selection selection NN 2167 128 43 . . . 2167 129 1 The the DT 2167 129 2 other other JJ 2167 129 3 conclusion conclusion NN 2167 129 4 is be VBZ 2167 129 5 that that IN 2167 129 6 costs cost NNS 2167 129 7 are be VBP 2167 129 8 digital digital JJ 2167 129 9 preservation preservation NN 2167 129 10 ’s ’s POS 2167 129 11 most most RBS 2167 129 12 pervasive pervasive JJ 2167 129 13 limitation limitation NN 2167 129 14 . . . 2167 130 1 As as IN 2167 130 2 Rosenthal Rosenthal NNP 2167 130 3 plainly plainly RB 2167 130 4 states state VBZ 2167 130 5 it -PRON- PRP 2167 130 6 , , , 2167 130 7 “ " `` 2167 130 8 Society society NN 2167 130 9 ’s ’ VBZ 2167 130 10 ever ever RB 2167 130 11 - - HYPH 2167 130 12 increasing increase VBG 2167 130 13 demands demand NNS 2167 130 14 for for IN 2167 130 15 vast vast JJ 2167 130 16 amounts amount NNS 2167 130 17 of of IN 2167 130 18 data datum NNS 2167 130 19 to to TO 2167 130 20 be be VB 2167 130 21 kept keep VBN 2167 130 22 for for IN 2167 130 23 the the DT 2167 130 24 future future NN 2167 130 25 are be VBP 2167 130 26 INFORMATION INFORMATION NNP 2167 130 27 TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY NNP 2167 130 28 AND and CC 2167 130 29 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 2167 130 30 | | NNP 2167 130 31 JUNE JUNE NNP 2167 130 32 2012 2012 CD 2167 130 33 70 70 CD 2167 130 34 not not RB 2167 130 35 matched match VBN 2167 130 36 by by IN 2167 130 37 suitably suitably RB 2167 130 38 lavish lavish JJ 2167 130 39 funds fund NNS 2167 130 40 . . . 2167 130 41 ” " '' 2167 130 42 22 22 CD 2167 130 43 If if IN 2167 130 44 funding funding NN 2167 130 45 can can MD 2167 130 46 not not RB 2167 130 47 be be VB 2167 130 48 increased increase VBN 2167 130 49 , , , 2167 130 50 expectations expectation NNS 2167 130 51 must must MD 2167 130 52 be be VB 2167 130 53 tempered temper VBN 2167 130 54 . . . 2167 131 1 Perhaps perhaps RB 2167 131 2 it -PRON- PRP 2167 131 3 has have VBZ 2167 131 4 always always RB 2167 131 5 been be VBN 2167 131 6 the the DT 2167 131 7 case case NN 2167 131 8 , , , 2167 131 9 but but CC 2167 131 10 the the DT 2167 131 11 scale scale NN 2167 131 12 of of IN 2167 131 13 the the DT 2167 131 14 digital digital JJ 2167 131 15 landscape landscape NN 2167 131 16 makes make VBZ 2167 131 17 it -PRON- PRP 2167 131 18 clear clear JJ 2167 131 19 that that IN 2167 131 20 preservation preservation NN 2167 131 21 is be VBZ 2167 131 22 a a DT 2167 131 23 process process NN 2167 131 24 of of IN 2167 131 25 triage triage NN 2167 131 26 . . . 2167 132 1 For for IN 2167 132 2 the the DT 2167 132 3 foreseeable foreseeable JJ 2167 132 4 future future NN 2167 132 5 , , , 2167 132 6 the the DT 2167 132 7 amount amount NN 2167 132 8 of of IN 2167 132 9 digital digital JJ 2167 132 10 information information NN 2167 132 11 that that WDT 2167 132 12 could could MD 2167 132 13 possibly possibly RB 2167 132 14 be be VB 2167 132 15 preserved preserve VBN 2167 132 16 far far RB 2167 132 17 outstrips outstrip NNS 2167 132 18 the the DT 2167 132 19 amount amount NN 2167 132 20 that that WDT 2167 132 21 feasibly feasibly RB 2167 132 22 can can MD 2167 132 23 be be VB 2167 132 24 preserved preserve VBN 2167 132 25 . . . 2167 133 1 It -PRON- PRP 2167 133 2 is be VBZ 2167 133 3 useful useful JJ 2167 133 4 to to TO 2167 133 5 put put VB 2167 133 6 the the DT 2167 133 7 advances advance NNS 2167 133 8 in in IN 2167 133 9 digital digital JJ 2167 133 10 preservation preservation NN 2167 133 11 technology technology NN 2167 133 12 in in IN 2167 133 13 perspective perspective NN 2167 133 14 and and CC 2167 133 15 to to TO 2167 133 16 recognize recognize VB 2167 133 17 that that IN 2167 133 18 non non JJ 2167 133 19 - - JJ 2167 133 20 technical technical JJ 2167 133 21 factors factor NNS 2167 133 22 also also RB 2167 133 23 play play VBP 2167 133 24 a a DT 2167 133 25 large large JJ 2167 133 26 role role NN 2167 133 27 in in IN 2167 133 28 determining determine VBG 2167 133 29 how how WRB 2167 133 30 much much JJ 2167 133 31 of of IN 2167 133 32 our -PRON- PRP$ 2167 133 33 cultural cultural JJ 2167 133 34 heritage heritage NN 2167 133 35 may may MD 2167 133 36 be be VB 2167 133 37 preserved preserve VBN 2167 133 38 for for IN 2167 133 39 the the DT 2167 133 40 benefit benefit NN 2167 133 41 of of IN 2167 133 42 future future JJ 2167 133 43 generations generation NNS 2167 133 44 . . . 2167 134 1 REFERENCES reference NNS 2167 134 2 AND and CC 2167 134 3 NOTES note NNS 2167 134 4 1 1 CD 2167 134 5 . . . 2167 135 1 Issues issue NNS 2167 135 2 specific specific JJ 2167 135 3 to to IN 2167 135 4 digitized digitized JJ 2167 135 5 objects object NNS 2167 135 6 ( ( -LRB- 2167 135 7 i.e. i.e. FW 2167 135 8 , , , 2167 135 9 digital digital JJ 2167 135 10 versions version NNS 2167 135 11 of of IN 2167 135 12 analog analog NN 2167 135 13 originals original NNS 2167 135 14 ) ) -RRB- 2167 135 15 are be VBP 2167 135 16 not not RB 2167 135 17 specifically specifically RB 2167 135 18 addressed address VBN 2167 135 19 herein herein NNP 2167 135 20 . . . 2167 136 1 Technological technological JJ 2167 136 2 limitations limitation NNS 2167 136 3 apply apply VBP 2167 136 4 equally equally RB 2167 136 5 to to IN 2167 136 6 digitized digitized JJ 2167 136 7 and and CC 2167 136 8 born bear VBN 2167 136 9 - - HYPH 2167 136 10 digital digital JJ 2167 136 11 objects object NNS 2167 136 12 , , , 2167 136 13 however however RB 2167 136 14 , , , 2167 136 15 and and CC 2167 136 16 the the DT 2167 136 17 remaining remain VBG 2167 136 18 limitations limitation NNS 2167 136 19 overlap overlap VBP 2167 136 20 greatly greatly RB 2167 136 21 in in IN 2167 136 22 either either DT 2167 136 23 case case NN 2167 136 24 . . . 2167 137 1 2 2 LS 2167 137 2 . . . 2167 138 1 Francine Francine NNP 2167 138 2 Berman Berman NNP 2167 138 3 et et NNP 2167 138 4 al al NNP 2167 138 5 . . NNP 2167 138 6 , , , 2167 138 7 Sustainable Sustainable NNP 2167 138 8 Economics Economics NNP 2167 138 9 for for IN 2167 138 10 a a DT 2167 138 11 Digital Digital NNP 2167 138 12 Planet Planet NNP 2167 138 13 : : : 2167 138 14 Ensuring ensure VBG 2167 138 15 Long Long NNP 2167 138 16 - - HYPH 2167 138 17 Term Term NNP 2167 138 18 Access Access NNP 2167 138 19 to to IN 2167 138 20 Digital Digital NNP 2167 138 21 Information information NN 2167 138 22 ( ( -LRB- 2167 138 23 Blue Blue NNP 2167 138 24 Ribbon Ribbon NNP 2167 138 25 Task Task NNP 2167 138 26 Force Force NNP 2167 138 27 on on IN 2167 138 28 Sustainable Sustainable NNP 2167 138 29 Digital Digital NNP 2167 138 30 Preservation Preservation NNP 2167 138 31 and and CC 2167 138 32 Access Access NNP 2167 138 33 , , , 2167 138 34 2010 2010 CD 2167 138 35 ) ) -RRB- 2167 138 36 , , , 2167 138 37 http://brtf.sdsc.edu/biblio/BRTF_Final_Report.pdf http://brtf.sdsc.edu/biblio/BRTF_Final_Report.pdf NNP 2167 138 38 ( ( -LRB- 2167 138 39 accessed access VBN 2167 138 40 Apr. April NNP 2167 139 1 23 23 CD 2167 139 2 , , , 2167 139 3 2011 2011 CD 2167 139 4 ) ) -RRB- 2167 139 5 . . . 2167 140 1 3 3 LS 2167 140 2 . . . 2167 141 1 Marilyn Marilyn NNP 2167 141 2 Deegan Deegan NNP 2167 141 3 and and CC 2167 141 4 Simon Simon NNP 2167 141 5 Tanner Tanner NNP 2167 141 6 , , , 2167 141 7 “ " `` 2167 141 8 Some some DT 2167 141 9 Key Key NNP 2167 141 10 Issues Issues NNPS 2167 141 11 in in IN 2167 141 12 Digital Digital NNP 2167 141 13 Preservation Preservation NNP 2167 141 14 , , , 2167 141 15 ” " '' 2167 141 16 in in IN 2167 141 17 Digital Digital NNP 2167 141 18 Convergence Convergence NNP 2167 141 19 — — : 2167 141 20 Libraries library NNS 2167 141 21 of of IN 2167 141 22 the the DT 2167 141 23 Future Future NNP 2167 141 24 , , , 2167 141 25 ed ed NN 2167 141 26 . . . 2167 142 1 Rae Rae NNP 2167 142 2 Earnshaw Earnshaw NNP 2167 142 3 and and CC 2167 142 4 John John NNP 2167 142 5 Vince Vince NNP 2167 142 6 , , , 2167 142 7 219–37 219–37 CD 2167 142 8 ( ( -LRB- 2167 142 9 London London NNP 2167 142 10 : : : 2167 142 11 Springer Springer NNP 2167 142 12 London London NNP 2167 142 13 , , , 2167 142 14 2007 2007 CD 2167 142 15 ) ) -RRB- 2167 142 16 , , , 2167 142 17 www.springerlink.com.proxy- www.springerlink.com.proxy- NNP 2167 142 18 remote.galib.uga.edu/content/h12631/#section=339742&page=1 remote.galib.uga.edu/content/h12631/#section=339742&page=1 FW 2167 142 19 ( ( -LRB- 2167 142 20 accessed access VBN 2167 142 21 Nov. November NNP 2167 142 22 18 18 CD 2167 142 23 , , , 2167 142 24 2010 2010 CD 2167 142 25 ) ) -RRB- 2167 142 26 . . . 2167 143 1 4 4 LS 2167 143 2 . . . 2167 144 1 Berman Berman NNP 2167 144 2 et et FW 2167 144 3 al al NNP 2167 144 4 . . NNP 2167 144 5 , , , 2167 144 6 Sustainable Sustainable NNP 2167 144 7 Economics Economics NNP 2167 144 8 for for IN 2167 144 9 a a DT 2167 144 10 Digital Digital NNP 2167 144 11 Planet Planet NNP 2167 144 12 ; ; : 2167 144 13 Deegan Deegan NNP 2167 144 14 and and CC 2167 144 15 Tanner Tanner NNP 2167 144 16 , , , 2167 144 17 “ " `` 2167 144 18 Digital Digital NNP 2167 144 19 Convergence Convergence NNP 2167 144 20 . . . 2167 144 21 ” " '' 2167 144 22 5 5 CD 2167 144 23 . . . 2167 145 1 Data datum NNS 2167 145 2 redundancy redundancy NN 2167 145 3 normally normally RB 2167 145 4 will will MD 2167 145 5 also also RB 2167 145 6 entail entail VB 2167 145 7 hardware hardware NN 2167 145 8 migration migration NN 2167 145 9 ; ; : 2167 145 10 it -PRON- PRP 2167 145 11 may may MD 2167 145 12 or or CC 2167 145 13 may may MD 2167 145 14 not not RB 2167 145 15 also also RB 2167 145 16 incorporate incorporate VB 2167 145 17 file file NN 2167 145 18 format format NN 2167 145 19 migration migration NN 2167 145 20 . . . 2167 146 1 6 6 CD 2167 146 2 . . . 2167 147 1 The the DT 2167 147 2 Library Library NNP 2167 147 3 of of IN 2167 147 4 Congress Congress NNP 2167 147 5 , , , 2167 147 6 for for IN 2167 147 7 instance instance NN 2167 147 8 , , , 2167 147 9 only only RB 2167 147 10 began begin VBD 2167 147 11 digital digital JJ 2167 147 12 preservation preservation NN 2167 147 13 in in IN 2167 147 14 2000 2000 CD 2167 147 15 ( ( -LRB- 2167 147 16 www.digitalpreservation.gov/partners/pioneers/index.html www.digitalpreservation.gov/partners/pioneers/index.html NNP 2167 147 17 [ [ -LRB- 2167 147 18 accessed access VBN 2167 147 19 Apr. April NNP 2167 148 1 24 24 CD 2167 148 2 , , , 2167 148 3 2011 2011 CD 2167 148 4 ] ] -RRB- 2167 148 5 ) ) -RRB- 2167 148 6 . . . 2167 149 1 7 7 LS 2167 149 2 . . . 2167 150 1 David David NNP 2167 150 2 S. S. NNP 2167 150 3 H. H. NNP 2167 150 4 Rosenthal Rosenthal NNP 2167 150 5 , , , 2167 150 6 “ " `` 2167 150 7 Bit bit VB 2167 150 8 Preservation preservation NN 2167 150 9 : : : 2167 150 10 A a DT 2167 150 11 Solved solved JJ 2167 150 12 Problem problem NN 2167 150 13 ? ? . 2167 150 14 ” " '' 2167 150 15 International International NNP 2167 150 16 Journal Journal NNP 2167 150 17 of of IN 2167 150 18 Digital Digital NNP 2167 150 19 Curation Curation NNP 2167 150 20 5 5 CD 2167 150 21 , , , 2167 150 22 no no UH 2167 150 23 . . . 2167 151 1 1 1 LS 2167 151 2 ( ( -LRB- 2167 151 3 July July NNP 2167 151 4 21 21 CD 2167 151 5 , , , 2167 151 6 2010 2010 CD 2167 151 7 ) ) -RRB- 2167 151 8 , , , 2167 151 9 www.ijdc.net/index.php/ijdc/article/view/151 www.ijdc.net/index.php/ijdc/article/view/151 NNP 2167 151 10 ( ( -LRB- 2167 151 11 accessed access VBN 2167 151 12 Mar. March NNP 2167 152 1 14 14 CD 2167 152 2 , , , 2167 152 3 2011 2011 CD 2167 152 4 ) ) -RRB- 2167 152 5 . . . 2167 153 1 8 8 LS 2167 153 2 . . . 2167 154 1 H. H. NNP 2167 154 2 M. M. NNP 2167 154 3 Gladney Gladney NNP 2167 154 4 , , , 2167 154 5 “ " `` 2167 154 6 Durable durable JJ 2167 154 7 Digital Digital NNP 2167 154 8 Objects object NNS 2167 154 9 Rather rather RB 2167 154 10 Than than IN 2167 154 11 Digital Digital NNP 2167 154 12 Preservation Preservation NNP 2167 154 13 , , , 2167 154 14 ” " '' 2167 154 15 January January NNP 2167 154 16 1 1 CD 2167 154 17 , , , 2167 154 18 2008 2008 CD 2167 154 19 , , , 2167 154 20 http://eprints.erpanet.org/149 http://eprints.erpanet.org/149 NNP 2167 154 21 ( ( -LRB- 2167 154 22 accessed access VBN 2167 154 23 Mar. March NNP 2167 155 1 14 14 CD 2167 155 2 , , , 2167 155 3 2011 2011 CD 2167 155 4 ) ) -RRB- 2167 155 5 . . . 2167 156 1 9 9 CD 2167 156 2 . . . 2167 157 1 Rosenthal Rosenthal NNP 2167 157 2 , , , 2167 157 3 “ " `` 2167 157 4 Bit Bit NNP 2167 157 5 Preservation Preservation NNP 2167 157 6 . . . 2167 157 7 ” " '' 2167 157 8 10 10 CD 2167 157 9 . . . 2167 158 1 Ibid ibid RB 2167 158 2 . . . 2167 159 1 Rosenthal rosenthal JJ 2167 159 2 cites cite VBZ 2167 159 3 studies study NNS 2167 159 4 by by IN 2167 159 5 Schroeder Schroeder NNP 2167 159 6 and and CC 2167 159 7 Gibson Gibson NNP 2167 159 8 ( ( -LRB- 2167 159 9 2007 2007 CD 2167 159 10 ) ) -RRB- 2167 159 11 and and CC 2167 159 12 Pinheiro Pinheiro NNP 2167 159 13 ( ( -LRB- 2167 159 14 2007 2007 CD 2167 159 15 ) ) -RRB- 2167 159 16 . . . 2167 160 1 11 11 CD 2167 160 2 . . . 2167 161 1 Ibid ibid RB 2167 161 2 . . . 2167 162 1 http://brtf.sdsc.edu/biblio/BRTF_Final_Report.pdf http://brtf.sdsc.edu/biblio/BRTF_Final_Report.pdf NNP 2167 162 2 file:///C:/Users file:///C:/Users NNP 2167 162 3 / / SYM 2167 162 4 GERRITYR GERRITYR NNP 2167 162 5 / / SYM 2167 162 6 Desktop Desktop NNP 2167 162 7 / / SYM 2167 162 8 ITAL%2031n2_PROOFREAD ITAL%2031n2_PROOFREAD NNP 2167 162 9 / / SYM 2167 162 10 www.springerlink.com.proxy www.springerlink.com.proxy NNPS 2167 162 11 - - HYPH 2167 162 12 remote.galib.uga.edu remote.galib.uga.edu NNS 2167 162 13 / / SYM 2167 162 14 content content NN 2167 162 15 / / SYM 2167 162 16 h12631/%23section=339742&page=1 h12631/%23section=339742&page=1 NNP 2167 162 17 file:///C:/Users file:///C:/Users NNP 2167 162 18 / / SYM 2167 162 19 GERRITYR GERRITYR NNP 2167 162 20 / / SYM 2167 162 21 Desktop Desktop NNP 2167 162 22 / / SYM 2167 162 23 ITAL%2031n2_PROOFREAD ITAL%2031n2_PROOFREAD NNP 2167 162 24 / / SYM 2167 162 25 www.springerlink.com.proxy www.springerlink.com.proxy NNPS 2167 162 26 - - HYPH 2167 162 27 remote.galib.uga.edu remote.galib.uga.edu NNS 2167 162 28 / / SYM 2167 162 29 content content NN 2167 162 30 / / SYM 2167 162 31 h12631/%23section=339742&page=1 h12631/%23section=339742&page=1 NNP 2167 162 32 http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/partners/pioneers/index.html http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/partners/pioneers/index.html `` 2167 162 33 file:///C:/Users file:///C:/Users NNP 2167 162 34 / / SYM 2167 162 35 GERRITYR GERRITYR NNP 2167 162 36 / / SYM 2167 162 37 Desktop Desktop NNP 2167 162 38 / / SYM 2167 162 39 ITAL%2031n2_PROOFREAD ITAL%2031n2_PROOFREAD NNP 2167 162 40 / / SYM 2167 162 41 www.ijdc.net www.ijdc.net NN 2167 162 42 / / SYM 2167 162 43 index.php index.php NNS 2167 162 44 / / SYM 2167 162 45 ijdc ijdc NNS 2167 162 46 / / SYM 2167 162 47 article article NNP 2167 162 48 / / SYM 2167 162 49 view/151 view/151 NNP 2167 162 50 http://eprints.erpanet.org/149/ http://eprints.erpanet.org/149/ PRP$ 2167 162 51 PRACTICAL practical NN 2167 162 52 LIMITS limit VBN 2167 162 53 TO to IN 2167 162 54 THE the DT 2167 162 55 SCOPE SCOPE NNP 2167 162 56 OF of IN 2167 162 57 DIGITAL DIGITAL NNP 2167 162 58 PRESERVATION PRESERVATION NNP 2167 162 59 | | NNP 2167 162 60 KASTELLEC KASTELLEC NNP 2167 162 61 71 71 CD 2167 162 62 12 12 CD 2167 162 63 . . . 2167 163 1 Peter Peter NNP 2167 163 2 Lyman Lyman NNP 2167 163 3 , , , 2167 163 4 “ " `` 2167 163 5 Archiving archive VBG 2167 163 6 the the DT 2167 163 7 World World NNP 2167 163 8 Wide Wide NNP 2167 163 9 Web web NN 2167 163 10 , , , 2167 163 11 ” " '' 2167 163 12 in in IN 2167 163 13 Building Building NNP 2167 163 14 a a DT 2167 163 15 National National NNP 2167 163 16 Strategy Strategy NNP 2167 163 17 for for IN 2167 163 18 Digital Digital NNP 2167 163 19 Preservation Preservation NNP 2167 163 20 : : : 2167 163 21 Issues issue NNS 2167 163 22 in in IN 2167 163 23 Digital Digital NNP 2167 163 24 Media Media NNP 2167 163 25 Archiving Archiving NNP 2167 163 26 ( ( -LRB- 2167 163 27 Washington Washington NNP 2167 163 28 , , , 2167 163 29 DC DC NNP 2167 163 30 : : : 2167 163 31 Council Council NNP 2167 163 32 on on IN 2167 163 33 Library Library NNP 2167 163 34 and and CC 2167 163 35 Information Information NNP 2167 163 36 Resources Resources NNP 2167 163 37 and and CC 2167 163 38 Library Library NNP 2167 163 39 of of IN 2167 163 40 Congress Congress NNP 2167 163 41 , , , 2167 163 42 2002 2002 CD 2167 163 43 ) ) -RRB- 2167 163 44 , , , 2167 163 45 38–51 38–51 CD 2167 163 46 , , , 2167 163 47 www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub106/pub106.pdf www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub106/pub106.pdf PRP 2167 163 48 ( ( -LRB- 2167 163 49 accessed access VBN 2167 163 50 Dec. December NNP 2167 163 51 1 1 CD 2167 163 52 , , , 2167 163 53 2010 2010 CD 2167 163 54 ) ) -RRB- 2167 163 55 ; ; : 2167 163 56 F. F. NNP 2167 163 57 McCown McCown NNP 2167 163 58 , , , 2167 163 59 C. C. NNP 2167 163 60 C C NNP 2167 163 61 Marshall Marshall NNP 2167 163 62 , , , 2167 163 63 and and CC 2167 163 64 M. M. NNP 2167 163 65 L L NNP 2167 163 66 Nelson Nelson NNP 2167 163 67 , , , 2167 163 68 “ " `` 2167 163 69 Why why WRB 2167 163 70 Web web NN 2167 163 71 Sites site NNS 2167 163 72 are be VBP 2167 163 73 Lost lose VBN 2167 163 74 ( ( -LRB- 2167 163 75 and and CC 2167 163 76 how how WRB 2167 163 77 they -PRON- PRP 2167 163 78 ’re be VBP 2167 163 79 sometimes sometimes RB 2167 163 80 found find VBN 2167 163 81 ) ) -RRB- 2167 163 82 , , , 2167 163 83 ” " '' 2167 163 84 Communications communication NNS 2167 163 85 of of IN 2167 163 86 the the DT 2167 163 87 ACM ACM NNP 2167 163 88 52 52 CD 2167 163 89 , , , 2167 163 90 no no UH 2167 163 91 . . . 2167 164 1 11 11 CD 2167 164 2 ( ( -LRB- 2167 164 3 2009 2009 CD 2167 164 4 ) ) -RRB- 2167 164 5 : : : 2167 164 6 141–45 141–45 CD 2167 164 7 ; ; : 2167 164 8 Margaret Margaret NNP 2167 164 9 E. E. NNP 2167 164 10 Phillips Phillips NNP 2167 164 11 , , , 2167 164 12 “ " `` 2167 164 13 What what WP 2167 164 14 Should Should MD 2167 164 15 We -PRON- PRP 2167 164 16 Preserve preserve VB 2167 164 17 ? ? . 2167 165 1 The the DT 2167 165 2 Question question NN 2167 165 3 for for IN 2167 165 4 Heritage Heritage NNP 2167 165 5 Libraries Libraries NNPS 2167 165 6 in in IN 2167 165 7 a a DT 2167 165 8 Digital Digital NNP 2167 165 9 World World NNP 2167 165 10 , , , 2167 165 11 ” " '' 2167 165 12 Library Library NNP 2167 165 13 Trends Trends NNPS 2167 165 14 54 54 CD 2167 165 15 , , , 2167 165 16 no no UH 2167 165 17 . . . 2167 166 1 1 1 LS 2167 166 2 ( ( -LRB- 2167 166 3 Summer summer NN 2167 166 4 2005 2005 CD 2167 166 5 ) ) -RRB- 2167 166 6 : : : 2167 166 7 57–71 57–71 CD 2167 166 8 . . . 2167 167 1 13 13 CD 2167 167 2 . . . 2167 168 1 Deegan Deegan NNP 2167 168 2 and and CC 2167 168 3 Tanner Tanner NNP 2167 168 4 , , , 2167 168 5 “ " `` 2167 168 6 Digital Digital NNP 2167 168 7 Convergence Convergence NNP 2167 168 8 ” " '' 2167 168 9 ; ; : 2167 168 10 McCown McCown NNP 2167 168 11 , , , 2167 168 12 Marshall Marshall NNP 2167 168 13 , , , 2167 168 14 and and CC 2167 168 15 Nelson Nelson NNP 2167 168 16 , , , 2167 168 17 “ " `` 2167 168 18 Why why WRB 2167 168 19 Web web NN 2167 168 20 Sites site NNS 2167 168 21 are be VBP 2167 168 22 Lost lose VBN 2167 168 23 ( ( -LRB- 2167 168 24 and and CC 2167 168 25 how how WRB 2167 168 26 they -PRON- PRP 2167 168 27 ’re be VBP 2167 168 28 sometimes sometimes RB 2167 168 29 found find VBN 2167 168 30 ) ) -RRB- 2167 168 31 . . . 2167 168 32 ” " '' 2167 168 33 14 14 CD 2167 168 34 . . . 2167 169 1 June June NNP 2167 169 2 Besek Besek NNP 2167 169 3 , , , 2167 169 4 Copyright Copyright NNP 2167 169 5 Issues Issues NNPS 2167 169 6 Relevant relevant JJ 2167 169 7 to to IN 2167 169 8 the the DT 2167 169 9 Creation creation NN 2167 169 10 of of IN 2167 169 11 a a DT 2167 169 12 Digital Digital NNP 2167 169 13 Archive Archive NNP 2167 169 14 : : : 2167 169 15 A a DT 2167 169 16 Preliminary Preliminary NNP 2167 169 17 Assessment Assessment NNP 2167 169 18 ( ( -LRB- 2167 169 19 The the DT 2167 169 20 Council Council NNP 2167 169 21 on on IN 2167 169 22 Library Library NNP 2167 169 23 and and CC 2167 169 24 Information Information NNP 2167 169 25 Resources Resources NNPS 2167 169 26 and and CC 2167 169 27 the the DT 2167 169 28 Library Library NNP 2167 169 29 of of IN 2167 169 30 Congress Congress NNP 2167 169 31 , , , 2167 169 32 2003 2003 CD 2167 169 33 ) ) -RRB- 2167 169 34 , , , 2167 169 35 www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub112/contents.html www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub112/contents.html NNS 2167 169 36 ( ( -LRB- 2167 169 37 accessed access VBN 2167 169 38 Mar. March NNP 2167 170 1 15 15 CD 2167 170 2 , , , 2167 170 3 2011 2011 CD 2167 170 4 ) ) -RRB- 2167 170 5 . . . 2167 171 1 15 15 CD 2167 171 2 . . . 2167 172 1 Ibid Ibid NNP 2167 172 2 . . . 2167 172 3 , , , 2167 172 4 17 17 CD 2167 172 5 . . . 2167 173 1 16 16 CD 2167 173 2 . . . 2167 174 1 Archival Archival NNP 2167 174 2 institutions institution NNS 2167 174 3 that that WDT 2167 174 4 do do VBP 2167 174 5 not not RB 2167 174 6 pay pay VB 2167 174 7 heed heed NN 2167 174 8 to to IN 2167 174 9 this this DT 2167 174 10 restriction restriction NN 2167 174 11 , , , 2167 174 12 such such JJ 2167 174 13 as as IN 2167 174 14 the the DT 2167 174 15 Internet Internet NNP 2167 174 16 Archive Archive NNP 2167 174 17 ( ( -LRB- 2167 174 18 www.archive.org www.archive.org NN 2167 174 19 ) ) -RRB- 2167 174 20 , , , 2167 174 21 claim claim VBP 2167 174 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 2167 174 23 actions action NNS 2167 174 24 constitute constitute VBP 2167 174 25 fair fair JJ 2167 174 26 use use NN 2167 174 27 . . . 2167 175 1 The the DT 2167 175 2 legality legality NN 2167 175 3 of of IN 2167 175 4 this this DT 2167 175 5 claim claim NN 2167 175 6 is be VBZ 2167 175 7 as as RB 2167 175 8 yet yet RB 2167 175 9 untested untested JJ 2167 175 10 . . . 2167 176 1 17 17 CD 2167 176 2 . . . 2167 177 1 Berman Berman NNP 2167 177 2 et et FW 2167 177 3 al al NNP 2167 177 4 . . NNP 2167 177 5 , , , 2167 177 6 Sustainable Sustainable NNP 2167 177 7 Economics Economics NNP 2167 177 8 for for IN 2167 177 9 a a DT 2167 177 10 Digital Digital NNP 2167 177 11 Planet Planet NNP 2167 177 12 . . . 2167 178 1 18 18 CD 2167 178 2 . . . 2167 179 1 Francine Francine NNP 2167 179 2 Berman Berman NNP 2167 179 3 , , , 2167 179 4 “ " `` 2167 179 5 Got Got NNP 2167 179 6 Data Data NNP 2167 179 7 ? ? . 2167 179 8 ” " '' 2167 179 9 Communications communication NNS 2167 179 10 of of IN 2167 179 11 the the DT 2167 179 12 ACM ACM NNP 2167 179 13 51 51 CD 2167 179 14 , , , 2167 179 15 no no UH 2167 179 16 . . . 2167 180 1 12 12 CD 2167 180 2 ( ( -LRB- 2167 180 3 December December NNP 2167 180 4 2008 2008 CD 2167 180 5 ) ) -RRB- 2167 180 6 : : : 2167 180 7 50 50 CD 2167 180 8 , , , 2167 180 9 http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1409360.1409376&coll=portal&dl=ACM&idx=J79&part http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1409360.1409376&coll=portal&dl=ACM&idx=J79&part NNP 2167 180 10 = = SYM 2167 180 11 magazine&WantType magazine&wanttype NN 2167 180 12 = = SYM 2167 180 13 Magazines&title Magazines&title NNP 2167 180 14 = = SYM 2167 180 15 Communications Communications NNP 2167 180 16 ( ( -LRB- 2167 180 17 accessed access VBN 2167 180 18 Nov. November NNP 2167 180 19 20 20 CD 2167 180 20 , , , 2167 180 21 2010 2010 CD 2167 180 22 ) ) -RRB- 2167 180 23 . . . 2167 181 1 19 19 CD 2167 181 2 . . . 2167 182 1 Phillips Phillips NNP 2167 182 2 , , , 2167 182 3 “ " `` 2167 182 4 What what WP 2167 182 5 Should Should MD 2167 182 6 We -PRON- PRP 2167 182 7 Preserve preserve VB 2167 182 8 ? ? . 2167 182 9 ” " '' 2167 182 10 20 20 CD 2167 182 11 . . . 2167 183 1 Brian Brian NNP 2167 183 2 F. F. NNP 2167 183 3 Lavoie Lavoie NNP 2167 183 4 , , , 2167 183 5 “ " `` 2167 183 6 The the DT 2167 183 7 Fifth Fifth NNP 2167 183 8 Blackbird Blackbird NNP 2167 183 9 , , , 2167 183 10 ” " '' 2167 183 11 D D NNP 2167 183 12 - - HYPH 2167 183 13 Lib Lib NNP 2167 183 14 Magazine Magazine NNP 2167 183 15 14 14 CD 2167 183 16 , , , 2167 183 17 no no UH 2167 183 18 . . . 2167 184 1 3/4 3/4 LS 2167 184 2 ( ( -LRB- 2167 184 3 March March NNP 2167 184 4 2008 2008 CD 2167 184 5 ) ) -RRB- 2167 184 6 : : : 2167 184 7 I -PRON- PRP 2167 184 8 , , , 2167 184 9 www.dlib.org/dlib/march08/lavoie/03lavoie.html www.dlib.org/dlib/march08/lavoie/03lavoie.html NNP 2167 184 10 ( ( -LRB- 2167 184 11 accessed access VBN 2167 184 12 Mar. March NNP 2167 185 1 14 14 CD 2167 185 2 , , , 2167 185 3 2011 2011 CD 2167 185 4 ) ) -RRB- 2167 185 5 . . . 2167 186 1 21 21 CD 2167 186 2 . . . 2167 187 1 Berman Berman NNP 2167 187 2 et et FW 2167 187 3 al al NNP 2167 187 4 . . NNP 2167 187 5 , , , 2167 187 6 Sustainable Sustainable NNP 2167 187 7 Economics Economics NNP 2167 187 8 for for IN 2167 187 9 a a DT 2167 187 10 Digital Digital NNP 2167 187 11 Planet Planet NNP 2167 187 12 . . . 2167 188 1 22 22 CD 2167 188 2 . . . 2167 189 1 Rosenthal Rosenthal NNP 2167 189 2 , , , 2167 189 3 “ " `` 2167 189 4 Bit Bit NNP 2167 189 5 Preservation Preservation NNP 2167 189 6 . . . 2167 189 7 ” " '' 2167 189 8 http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub106/pub106.pdf http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub106/pub106.pdf NNP 2167 189 9 file:///C:/Users file:///C:/Users NNP 2167 189 10 / / SYM 2167 189 11 GERRITYR GERRITYR NNP 2167 189 12 / / SYM 2167 189 13 Documents Documents NNP 2167 189 14 / / SYM 2167 189 15 My%20Dropbox My%20Dropbox NNP 2167 189 16 / / SYM 2167 189 17 ITAL ITAL NNP 2167 189 18 / / SYM 2167 189 19 ITAL_June_2012_preprints/,%20http:/www.clir.org ITAL_June_2012_preprints/,%20http:/www.clir.org NNP 2167 189 20 / / SYM 2167 189 21 pubs pub NNS 2167 189 22 / / SYM 2167 189 23 reports report NNS 2167 189 24 / / SYM 2167 189 25 pub112 pub112 NNP 2167 189 26 / / SYM 2167 189 27 contents.htm contents.htm ADD 2167 189 28 http://www.archive.org/ http://www.archive.org/ NN 2167 189 29 http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1409360.1409376&coll=portal&dl=ACM&idx=J79&part=magazine&WantType=Magazines&title=Communications http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1409360.1409376&coll=portal&dl=ACM&idx=J79&part=magazine&WantType=Magazines&title=Communications NNP 2167 189 30 http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1409360.1409376&coll=portal&dl=ACM&idx=J79&part=magazine&WantType=Magazines&title=Communications http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1409360.1409376&coll=portal&dl=ACM&idx=J79&part=magazine&WantType=Magazines&title=Communications NNP 2167 189 31 http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march08/lavoie/03lavoie.html http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march08/lavoie/03lavoie.html NNP 2167 189 32 http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march08/lavoie/03lavoie.html http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march08/lavoie/03lavoie.html NNP