id sid tid token lemma pos 3423 1 1 An an DT 3423 1 2 Evaluation evaluation NN 3423 1 3 of of IN 3423 1 4 Finding Finding NNP 3423 1 5 Aid aid NN 3423 1 6 Accessibility accessibility NN 3423 1 7 for for IN 3423 1 8 Screen Screen NNP 3423 1 9 Readers Readers NNPS 3423 1 10 Kristina Kristina NNP 3423 1 11 L. L. NNP 3423 1 12 Southwell Southwell NNP 3423 1 13 and and CC 3423 1 14 Jacquelyn Jacquelyn NNP 3423 1 15 Slater Slater NNP 3423 1 16 INFORMATION INFORMATION NNP 3423 1 17 TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY NNP 3423 1 18 AND and CC 3423 1 19 LIBRARIES library NNS 3423 1 20 | | CD 3423 1 21 SEPTEMBER SEPTEMBER NNP 3423 1 22 2013 2013 CD 3423 1 23 34 34 CD 3423 1 24 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT NNP 3423 1 25 Since since IN 3423 1 26 the the DT 3423 1 27 passage passage NN 3423 1 28 of of IN 3423 1 29 the the DT 3423 1 30 American American NNP 3423 1 31 Disabilities Disabilities NNPS 3423 1 32 Act Act NNP 3423 1 33 in in IN 3423 1 34 1990 1990 CD 3423 1 35 and and CC 3423 1 36 the the DT 3423 1 37 coincident coincident JJ 3423 1 38 growth growth NN 3423 1 39 of of IN 3423 1 40 the the DT 3423 1 41 Internet internet NN 3423 1 42 , , , 3423 1 43 academic academic JJ 3423 1 44 libraries library NNS 3423 1 45 have have VBP 3423 1 46 worked work VBN 3423 1 47 to to TO 3423 1 48 provide provide VB 3423 1 49 electronic electronic JJ 3423 1 50 resources resource NNS 3423 1 51 and and CC 3423 1 52 services service NNS 3423 1 53 that that WDT 3423 1 54 are be VBP 3423 1 55 accessible accessible JJ 3423 1 56 to to IN 3423 1 57 all all DT 3423 1 58 patrons patron NNS 3423 1 59 . . . 3423 2 1 Special special JJ 3423 2 2 collections collection NNS 3423 2 3 are be VBP 3423 2 4 increasingly increasingly RB 3423 2 5 being be VBG 3423 2 6 added add VBN 3423 2 7 to to IN 3423 2 8 these these DT 3423 2 9 web web NN 3423 2 10 - - HYPH 3423 2 11 based base VBN 3423 2 12 library library NN 3423 2 13 resources resource NNS 3423 2 14 , , , 3423 2 15 and and CC 3423 2 16 they -PRON- PRP 3423 2 17 must must MD 3423 2 18 meet meet VB 3423 2 19 the the DT 3423 2 20 same same JJ 3423 2 21 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 2 22 standards standard NNS 3423 2 23 . . . 3423 3 1 The the DT 3423 3 2 recent recent JJ 3423 3 3 popularity popularity NN 3423 3 4 surge surge NN 3423 3 5 of of IN 3423 3 6 Web web NN 3423 3 7 2.0 2.0 CD 3423 3 8 technology technology NN 3423 3 9 , , , 3423 3 10 social social JJ 3423 3 11 media medium NNS 3423 3 12 sites site NNS 3423 3 13 , , , 3423 3 14 and and CC 3423 3 15 mobile mobile JJ 3423 3 16 devices device NNS 3423 3 17 has have VBZ 3423 3 18 brought bring VBN 3423 3 19 greater great JJR 3423 3 20 awareness awareness NN 3423 3 21 about about IN 3423 3 22 the the DT 3423 3 23 challenges challenge NNS 3423 3 24 faced face VBN 3423 3 25 by by IN 3423 3 26 those those DT 3423 3 27 who who WP 3423 3 28 use use VBP 3423 3 29 assistive assistive JJ 3423 3 30 technology technology NN 3423 3 31 for for IN 3423 3 32 visual visual JJ 3423 3 33 disabilities disability NNS 3423 3 34 . . . 3423 4 1 This this DT 3423 4 2 study study NN 3423 4 3 examines examine VBZ 3423 4 4 the the DT 3423 4 5 screen screen NN 3423 4 6 - - HYPH 3423 4 7 reader reader NN 3423 4 8 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 4 9 of of IN 3423 4 10 online online JJ 3423 4 11 special special JJ 3423 4 12 collections collection NNS 3423 4 13 finding find VBG 3423 4 14 aids aid NNS 3423 4 15 at at IN 3423 4 16 68 68 CD 3423 4 17 public public JJ 3423 4 18 US US NNP 3423 4 19 colleges college NNS 3423 4 20 and and CC 3423 4 21 universities university NNS 3423 4 22 in in IN 3423 4 23 the the DT 3423 4 24 Association Association NNP 3423 4 25 of of IN 3423 4 26 Research Research NNP 3423 4 27 Libraries Libraries NNP 3423 4 28 . . . 3423 5 1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION NNP 3423 5 2 University University NNP 3423 5 3 students student NNS 3423 5 4 and and CC 3423 5 5 faculty faculty NN 3423 5 6 today today NN 3423 5 7 expect expect VBP 3423 5 8 some some DT 3423 5 9 degree degree NN 3423 5 10 of of IN 3423 5 11 online online JJ 3423 5 12 access access NN 3423 5 13 to to IN 3423 5 14 most most JJS 3423 5 15 library library JJ 3423 5 16 resources resource NNS 3423 5 17 . . . 3423 6 1 Special special JJ 3423 6 2 collections collection NNS 3423 6 3 libraries library NNS 3423 6 4 are be VBP 3423 6 5 no no DT 3423 6 6 exception exception NN 3423 6 7 , , , 3423 6 8 and and CC 3423 6 9 researchers researcher NNS 3423 6 10 now now RB 3423 6 11 have have VBP 3423 6 12 access access NN 3423 6 13 to to IN 3423 6 14 troves trove NNS 3423 6 15 of of IN 3423 6 16 digitized digitize VBN 3423 6 17 finding find VBG 3423 6 18 aids aid NNS 3423 6 19 and and CC 3423 6 20 original original JJ 3423 6 21 materials material NNS 3423 6 22 at at IN 3423 6 23 university university NN 3423 6 24 library library NN 3423 6 25 websites website NNS 3423 6 26 nationwide nationwide RB 3423 6 27 . . . 3423 7 1 As as IN 3423 7 2 part part NN 3423 7 3 of of IN 3423 7 4 the the DT 3423 7 5 websites website NNS 3423 7 6 of of IN 3423 7 7 higher high JJR 3423 7 8 education education NN 3423 7 9 institutions institution NNS 3423 7 10 , , , 3423 7 11 these these DT 3423 7 12 resources resource NNS 3423 7 13 must must MD 3423 7 14 be be VB 3423 7 15 accessible accessible JJ 3423 7 16 to to IN 3423 7 17 patrons patron NNS 3423 7 18 with with IN 3423 7 19 disabilities disability NNS 3423 7 20 . . . 3423 8 1 Section section NN 3423 8 2 504 504 CD 3423 8 3 of of IN 3423 8 4 the the DT 3423 8 5 Rehabilitation Rehabilitation NNP 3423 8 6 Act Act NNP 3423 8 7 of of IN 3423 8 8 1973 1973 CD 3423 8 9 first first JJ 3423 8 10 prohibited prohibit VBN 3423 8 11 exclusion exclusion NN 3423 8 12 of of IN 3423 8 13 the the DT 3423 8 14 disabled disabled JJ 3423 8 15 from from IN 3423 8 16 programs program NNS 3423 8 17 and and CC 3423 8 18 activities activity NNS 3423 8 19 of of IN 3423 8 20 public public JJ 3423 8 21 entities entity NNS 3423 8 22 , , , 3423 8 23 and and CC 3423 8 24 the the DT 3423 8 25 1990 1990 CD 3423 8 26 Americans Americans NNPS 3423 8 27 with with IN 3423 8 28 Disabilities Disabilities NNPS 3423 8 29 Act Act NNP 3423 8 30 ( ( -LRB- 3423 8 31 ADA ADA NNP 3423 8 32 ) ) -RRB- 3423 8 33 mandated mandate VBD 3423 8 34 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 8 35 of of IN 3423 8 36 public public JJ 3423 8 37 services service NNS 3423 8 38 and and CC 3423 8 39 facilities facility NNS 3423 8 40 . . . 3423 9 1 Section section NN 3423 9 2 508 508 CD 3423 9 3 of of IN 3423 9 4 the the DT 3423 9 5 Rehabilitation Rehabilitation NNP 3423 9 6 Act Act NNP 3423 9 7 , , , 3423 9 8 as as IN 3423 9 9 amended amend VBN 3423 9 10 by by IN 3423 9 11 the the DT 3423 9 12 Workforce Workforce NNP 3423 9 13 Investment Investment NNP 3423 9 14 Act Act NNP 3423 9 15 of of IN 3423 9 16 1998 1998 CD 3423 9 17 , , , 3423 9 18 also also RB 3423 9 19 requires require VBZ 3423 9 20 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 9 21 of of IN 3423 9 22 federally federally RB 3423 9 23 funded fund VBN 3423 9 24 services service NNS 3423 9 25 . . . 3423 10 1 Since since IN 3423 10 2 the the DT 3423 10 3 passage passage NN 3423 10 4 of of IN 3423 10 5 these these DT 3423 10 6 laws law NNS 3423 10 7 , , , 3423 10 8 libraries library NNS 3423 10 9 at at IN 3423 10 10 US US NNP 3423 10 11 colleges college NNS 3423 10 12 and and CC 3423 10 13 universities university NNS 3423 10 14 have have VBP 3423 10 15 made make VBN 3423 10 16 progress progress NN 3423 10 17 in in IN 3423 10 18 physical physical JJ 3423 10 19 and and CC 3423 10 20 electronic electronic JJ 3423 10 21 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 10 22 for for IN 3423 10 23 the the DT 3423 10 24 disabled disabled JJ 3423 10 25 . . . 3423 11 1 According accord VBG 3423 11 2 to to IN 3423 11 3 the the DT 3423 11 4 Employment Employment NNP 3423 11 5 and and CC 3423 11 6 Disability Disability NNP 3423 11 7 Institute Institute NNP 3423 11 8 at at IN 3423 11 9 Cornell Cornell NNP 3423 11 10 University University NNP 3423 11 11 , , , 3423 11 12 2.1 2.1 CD 3423 11 13 percent percent NN 3423 11 14 of of IN 3423 11 15 noninstitutionalized noninstitutionalized JJ 3423 11 16 persons person NNS 3423 11 17 in in IN 3423 11 18 the the DT 3423 11 19 United United NNP 3423 11 20 States States NNP 3423 11 21 in in IN 3423 11 22 2010 2010 CD 3423 11 23 had have VBD 3423 11 24 a a DT 3423 11 25 visual visual JJ 3423 11 26 disability.1 disability.1 NN 3423 11 27 The the DT 3423 11 28 US US NNP 3423 11 29 Census Census NNP 3423 11 30 Bureau Bureau NNP 3423 11 31 counted count VBD 3423 11 32 nearly nearly RB 3423 11 33 8.1 8.1 CD 3423 11 34 million million CD 3423 11 35 people people NNS 3423 11 36 ( ( -LRB- 3423 11 37 3.3 3.3 CD 3423 11 38 percent percent NN 3423 11 39 ) ) -RRB- 3423 11 40 who who WP 3423 11 41 reported report VBD 3423 11 42 difficulty difficulty NN 3423 11 43 seeing see VBG 3423 11 44 and and CC 3423 11 45 2 2 CD 3423 11 46 million million CD 3423 11 47 who who WP 3423 11 48 are be VBP 3423 11 49 blind blind JJ 3423 11 50 or or CC 3423 11 51 unable unable JJ 3423 11 52 to to TO 3423 11 53 see.2 see.2 VB 3423 11 54 These these DT 3423 11 55 numbers number NNS 3423 11 56 indicate indicate VBP 3423 11 57 that that IN 3423 11 58 there there EX 3423 11 59 are be VBP 3423 11 60 students student NNS 3423 11 61 , , , 3423 11 62 faculty faculty NN 3423 11 63 , , , 3423 11 64 and and CC 3423 11 65 patrons patron NNS 3423 11 66 outside outside IN 3423 11 67 the the DT 3423 11 68 academic academic JJ 3423 11 69 community community NN 3423 11 70 with with IN 3423 11 71 visual visual JJ 3423 11 72 impairments impairment NNS 3423 11 73 who who WP 3423 11 74 are be VBP 3423 11 75 potential potential JJ 3423 11 76 consumers consumer NNS 3423 11 77 of of IN 3423 11 78 online online JJ 3423 11 79 special special JJ 3423 11 80 collections collection NNS 3423 11 81 materials material NNS 3423 11 82 . . . 3423 12 1 As as IN 3423 12 2 ADA ADA NNP 3423 12 3 improvements improvement NNS 3423 12 4 increasingly increasingly RB 3423 12 5 pave pave VBP 3423 12 6 the the DT 3423 12 7 way way NN 3423 12 8 for for IN 3423 12 9 greater great JJR 3423 12 10 enrollment enrollment NN 3423 12 11 numbers number NNS 3423 12 12 of of IN 3423 12 13 students student NNS 3423 12 14 with with IN 3423 12 15 visual visual JJ 3423 12 16 impairments impairment NNS 3423 12 17 , , , 3423 12 18 libraries library NNS 3423 12 19 must must MD 3423 12 20 anticipate anticipate VB 3423 12 21 these these DT 3423 12 22 students student NNS 3423 12 23 ’ ' '' 3423 12 24 need need NN 3423 12 25 for for IN 3423 12 26 fully fully RB 3423 12 27 accessible accessible JJ 3423 12 28 information information NN 3423 12 29 resources resource NNS 3423 12 30 . . . 3423 13 1 Kristina Kristina NNP 3423 13 2 Southwell Southwell NNP 3423 13 3 ( ( -LRB- 3423 13 4 klsouthwell@ou.edu klsouthwell@ou.edu NNP 3423 13 5 ) ) -RRB- 3423 13 6 is be VBZ 3423 13 7 Associate Associate NNP 3423 13 8 Professor Professor NNP 3423 13 9 of of IN 3423 13 10 Bibliography Bibliography NNP 3423 13 11 and and CC 3423 13 12 Assistant Assistant NNP 3423 13 13 Curator Curator NNP 3423 13 14 at at IN 3423 13 15 the the DT 3423 13 16 Western Western NNP 3423 13 17 History History NNP 3423 13 18 Collections Collections NNPS 3423 13 19 , , , 3423 13 20 University University NNP 3423 13 21 of of IN 3423 13 22 Oklahoma Oklahoma NNP 3423 13 23 , , , 3423 13 24 Norman Norman NNP 3423 13 25 , , , 3423 13 26 OK ok UH 3423 13 27 . . . 3423 13 28 Jacquelyn Jacquelyn NNP 3423 13 29 Slater Slater NNP 3423 13 30 ( ( -LRB- 3423 13 31 jdslater@ou.edu jdslater@ou.edu NNP 3423 13 32 ) ) -RRB- 3423 13 33 is be VBZ 3423 13 34 Assistant Assistant NNP 3423 13 35 Professor Professor NNP 3423 13 36 of of IN 3423 13 37 Bibliography Bibliography NNP 3423 13 38 and and CC 3423 13 39 Librarian Librarian NNP 3423 13 40 at at IN 3423 13 41 the the DT 3423 13 42 Western Western NNP 3423 13 43 History History NNP 3423 13 44 Collections Collections NNPS 3423 13 45 , , , 3423 13 46 University University NNP 3423 13 47 of of IN 3423 13 48 Oklahoma Oklahoma NNP 3423 13 49 , , , 3423 13 50 Norman Norman NNP 3423 13 51 , , , 3423 13 52 OK ok UH 3423 13 53 . . . 3423 13 54 mailto:klsouthwell@ou.edu mailto:klsouthwell@ou.edu NNS 3423 13 55 mailto:jdslater@ou.edu mailto:jdslater@ou.edu NNS 3423 13 56 AN an DT 3423 13 57 EVALUATION EVALUATION NNP 3423 13 58 OF of IN 3423 13 59 FINDING find VBG 3423 13 60 AID aid NN 3423 13 61 ACCESSIBILITY accessibility NN 3423 13 62 FOR for IN 3423 13 63 SCREEN SCREEN NNP 3423 13 64 READERS reader NNS 3423 13 65 | | VBD 3423 13 66 SOUTHWELL SOUTHWELL NNP 3423 13 67 AND and CC 3423 13 68 SLATER SLATER NNP 3423 13 69 35 35 CD 3423 13 70 Library library JJ 3423 13 71 websites website NNS 3423 13 72 and and CC 3423 13 73 the the DT 3423 13 74 constantly constantly RB 3423 13 75 changing change VBG 3423 13 76 resources resource NNS 3423 13 77 they -PRON- PRP 3423 13 78 offer offer VBP 3423 13 79 must must MD 3423 13 80 be be VB 3423 13 81 regularly regularly RB 3423 13 82 evaluated evaluate VBN 3423 13 83 for for IN 3423 13 84 compatibility compatibility NN 3423 13 85 with with IN 3423 13 86 screen screen NN 3423 13 87 readers reader NNS 3423 13 88 and and CC 3423 13 89 other other JJ 3423 13 90 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 13 91 technologies technology NNS 3423 13 92 to to TO 3423 13 93 ensure ensure VB 3423 13 94 access access NN 3423 13 95 . . . 3423 14 1 Perhaps perhaps RB 3423 14 2 because because IN 3423 14 3 special special JJ 3423 14 4 collections collection NNS 3423 14 5 materials material NNS 3423 14 6 are be VBP 3423 14 7 relatively relatively RB 3423 14 8 late late JJ 3423 14 9 arrivals arrival NNS 3423 14 10 to to IN 3423 14 11 the the DT 3423 14 12 Internet internet NN 3423 14 13 , , , 3423 14 14 their -PRON- PRP$ 3423 14 15 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 14 16 has have VBZ 3423 14 17 not not RB 3423 14 18 received receive VBN 3423 14 19 as as RB 3423 14 20 much much JJ 3423 14 21 attention attention NN 3423 14 22 as as IN 3423 14 23 more more RBR 3423 14 24 traditional traditional JJ 3423 14 25 library library JJ 3423 14 26 offerings offering NNS 3423 14 27 like like IN 3423 14 28 published publish VBN 3423 14 29 books book NNS 3423 14 30 and and CC 3423 14 31 periodicals periodical NNS 3423 14 32 . . . 3423 15 1 The the DT 3423 15 2 goal goal NN 3423 15 3 of of IN 3423 15 4 this this DT 3423 15 5 study study NN 3423 15 6 is be VBZ 3423 15 7 to to TO 3423 15 8 determine determine VB 3423 15 9 whether whether IN 3423 15 10 a a DT 3423 15 11 sampling sampling NN 3423 15 12 of of IN 3423 15 13 special special JJ 3423 15 14 collections collection NNS 3423 15 15 finding find VBG 3423 15 16 aids aid NNS 3423 15 17 available available JJ 3423 15 18 on on IN 3423 15 19 public public JJ 3423 15 20 US US NNP 3423 15 21 college college NN 3423 15 22 and and CC 3423 15 23 university university NN 3423 15 24 library library NN 3423 15 25 websites website NNS 3423 15 26 are be VBP 3423 15 27 accessible accessible JJ 3423 15 28 to to IN 3423 15 29 patrons patron NNS 3423 15 30 using use VBG 3423 15 31 screen screen NN 3423 15 32 readers reader NNS 3423 15 33 . . . 3423 16 1 INTERNET INTERNET NNP 3423 16 2 ACCESS access NN 3423 16 3 AND and CC 3423 16 4 SCREEN screen NN 3423 16 5 READERS reader NNS 3423 16 6 Blind blind JJ 3423 16 7 and and CC 3423 16 8 low low JJ 3423 16 9 - - HYPH 3423 16 10 vision vision NN 3423 16 11 Internet internet NN 3423 16 12 users user NNS 3423 16 13 have have VBP 3423 16 14 various various JJ 3423 16 15 types type NNS 3423 16 16 of of IN 3423 16 17 assistive assistive JJ 3423 16 18 technology technology NN 3423 16 19 available available JJ 3423 16 20 to to IN 3423 16 21 them -PRON- PRP 3423 16 22 . . . 3423 17 1 These these DT 3423 17 2 include include VBP 3423 17 3 screen screen NN 3423 17 4 readers reader NNS 3423 17 5 with with IN 3423 17 6 text text NN 3423 17 7 - - HYPH 3423 17 8 to to IN 3423 17 9 - - HYPH 3423 17 10 speech speech NN 3423 17 11 synthesizers synthesizer NNS 3423 17 12 , , , 3423 17 13 refreshable refreshable JJ 3423 17 14 Braille Braille NNP 3423 17 15 displays display NNS 3423 17 16 , , , 3423 17 17 text text NN 3423 17 18 enlargement enlargement NN 3423 17 19 , , , 3423 17 20 screen screen NN 3423 17 21 magnification magnification NN 3423 17 22 software software NN 3423 17 23 , , , 3423 17 24 and and CC 3423 17 25 nongraphical nongraphical JJ 3423 17 26 browsers browser NNS 3423 17 27 . . . 3423 18 1 Guidelines guideline NNS 3423 18 2 for for IN 3423 18 3 making make VBG 3423 18 4 websites website NNS 3423 18 5 accessible accessible JJ 3423 18 6 via via IN 3423 18 7 assistive assistive JJ 3423 18 8 technology technology NN 3423 18 9 are be VBP 3423 18 10 available available JJ 3423 18 11 from from IN 3423 18 12 the the DT 3423 18 13 W3C w3c NN 3423 18 14 ’s ’s , 3423 18 15 Web Web NNP 3423 18 16 Content Content NNP 3423 18 17 Accessibility Accessibility NNP 3423 18 18 Guidelines guideline NNS 3423 18 19 ( ( -LRB- 3423 18 20 WCAG WCAG NNP 3423 18 21 2.0).3 2.0).3 , 3423 18 22 These these DT 3423 18 23 rules rule NNS 3423 18 24 provide provide VBP 3423 18 25 success success NN 3423 18 26 criteria criterion NNS 3423 18 27 for for IN 3423 18 28 levels level NNS 3423 18 29 A A NNP 3423 18 30 , , , 3423 18 31 AA AA NNP 3423 18 32 , , , 3423 18 33 and and CC 3423 18 34 AAA AAA NNP 3423 18 35 for for IN 3423 18 36 web web NN 3423 18 37 developers developer NNS 3423 18 38 to to TO 3423 18 39 meet meet VB 3423 18 40 . . . 3423 19 1 Many many JJ 3423 19 2 websites website NNS 3423 19 3 today today NN 3423 19 4 still still RB 3423 19 5 do do VBP 3423 19 6 not not RB 3423 19 7 conform conform VB 3423 19 8 to to IN 3423 19 9 these these DT 3423 19 10 guidelines guideline NNS 3423 19 11 , , , 3423 19 12 and and CC 3423 19 13 barriers barrier NNS 3423 19 14 to to TO 3423 19 15 access access NN 3423 19 16 persist persist NN 3423 19 17 . . . 3423 20 1 Screen screen NN 3423 20 2 - - HYPH 3423 20 3 reader reader NN 3423 20 4 users user NNS 3423 20 5 access access VBP 3423 20 6 information information NN 3423 20 7 on on IN 3423 20 8 the the DT 3423 20 9 Internet internet NN 3423 20 10 differently differently RB 3423 20 11 than than IN 3423 20 12 sighted sighted JJ 3423 20 13 persons person NNS 3423 20 14 . . . 3423 21 1 The the DT 3423 21 2 keyboard keyboard NN 3423 21 3 usually usually RB 3423 21 4 replaces replace VBZ 3423 21 5 the the DT 3423 21 6 monitor monitor NN 3423 21 7 and and CC 3423 21 8 mouse mouse NN 3423 21 9 as as IN 3423 21 10 the the DT 3423 21 11 primary primary JJ 3423 21 12 computer computer NN 3423 21 13 interface interface NN 3423 21 14 . . . 3423 22 1 Webpage webpage NN 3423 22 2 content content NN 3423 22 3 is be VBZ 3423 22 4 spoken speak VBN 3423 22 5 aloud aloud RB 3423 22 6 in in IN 3423 22 7 a a DT 3423 22 8 strictly strictly RB 3423 22 9 linear linear JJ 3423 22 10 order order NN 3423 22 11 , , , 3423 22 12 which which WDT 3423 22 13 may may MD 3423 22 14 differ differ VB 3423 22 15 from from IN 3423 22 16 the the DT 3423 22 17 visual visual JJ 3423 22 18 order order NN 3423 22 19 on on IN 3423 22 20 screen screen NN 3423 22 21 . . . 3423 23 1 Instead instead RB 3423 23 2 of of IN 3423 23 3 visually visually RB 3423 23 4 scanning scan VBG 3423 23 5 the the DT 3423 23 6 page page NN 3423 23 7 to to TO 3423 23 8 look look VB 3423 23 9 for for IN 3423 23 10 the the DT 3423 23 11 desired desire VBN 3423 23 12 content content NN 3423 23 13 , , , 3423 23 14 screen screen NN 3423 23 15 - - HYPH 3423 23 16 reader reader NN 3423 23 17 users user NNS 3423 23 18 can can MD 3423 23 19 use use VB 3423 23 20 the the DT 3423 23 21 “ " `` 3423 23 22 find find NN 3423 23 23 ” " '' 3423 23 24 or or CC 3423 23 25 “ " `` 3423 23 26 search search NN 3423 23 27 ” " '' 3423 23 28 function function NN 3423 23 29 to to TO 3423 23 30 look look VB 3423 23 31 for for IN 3423 23 32 something something NN 3423 23 33 specific specific JJ 3423 23 34 or or CC 3423 23 35 use use VBP 3423 23 36 one one CD 3423 23 37 of of IN 3423 23 38 several several JJ 3423 23 39 options option NNS 3423 23 40 for for IN 3423 23 41 skimming skim VBG 3423 23 42 the the DT 3423 23 43 page page NN 3423 23 44 via via IN 3423 23 45 keyboard keyboard NN 3423 23 46 shortcuts shortcut NNS 3423 23 47 . . . 3423 24 1 These these DT 3423 24 2 shortcuts shortcut NNS 3423 24 3 , , , 3423 24 4 which which WDT 3423 24 5 vary vary VBP 3423 24 6 by by IN 3423 24 7 screen screen NN 3423 24 8 reader reader NN 3423 24 9 , , , 3423 24 10 allow allow VB 3423 24 11 navigation navigation NN 3423 24 12 to to IN 3423 24 13 the the DT 3423 24 14 available available JJ 3423 24 15 links link NNS 3423 24 16 , , , 3423 24 17 headings heading NNS 3423 24 18 , , , 3423 24 19 ARIA ARIA NNP 3423 24 20 landmarks landmark NNS 3423 24 21 , , , 3423 24 22 frames frame NNS 3423 24 23 , , , 3423 24 24 paragraphs paragraph NNS 3423 24 25 , , , 3423 24 26 and and CC 3423 24 27 other other JJ 3423 24 28 elements element NNS 3423 24 29 of of IN 3423 24 30 the the DT 3423 24 31 page page NN 3423 24 32 . . . 3423 25 1 A a DT 3423 25 2 recent recent JJ 3423 25 3 WebAIM WebAIM NNP 3423 25 4 survey survey NN 3423 25 5 of of IN 3423 25 6 screen screen NN 3423 25 7 - - HYPH 3423 25 8 reader reader NN 3423 25 9 users user NNS 3423 25 10 indicated indicate VBD 3423 25 11 60.8 60.8 CD 3423 25 12 percent percent NN 3423 25 13 navigated navigate VBD 3423 25 14 lengthy lengthy JJ 3423 25 15 webpages webpage NNS 3423 25 16 first first RB 3423 25 17 by by IN 3423 25 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 3423 25 19 headings heading NNS 3423 25 20 . . . 3423 26 1 Using use VBG 3423 26 2 the the DT 3423 26 3 “ " `` 3423 26 4 find find NN 3423 26 5 ” " '' 3423 26 6 feature feature NN 3423 26 7 was be VBD 3423 26 8 the the DT 3423 26 9 second second JJ 3423 26 10 most most RBS 3423 26 11 common common JJ 3423 26 12 method method NN 3423 26 13 ( ( -LRB- 3423 26 14 16.6 16.6 CD 3423 26 15 percent percent NN 3423 26 16 ) ) -RRB- 3423 26 17 , , , 3423 26 18 followed follow VBN 3423 26 19 by by IN 3423 26 20 navigation navigation NN 3423 26 21 with with IN 3423 26 22 links link NNS 3423 26 23 ( ( -LRB- 3423 26 24 13.2 13.2 CD 3423 26 25 percent percent NN 3423 26 26 ) ) -RRB- 3423 26 27 and and CC 3423 26 28 ARIA ARIA NNP 3423 26 29 landmarks landmark NNS 3423 26 30 ( ( -LRB- 3423 26 31 2.3 2.3 CD 3423 26 32 percent percent NN 3423 26 33 ) ) -RRB- 3423 26 34 . . . 3423 27 1 Only only RB 3423 27 2 7.0 7.0 CD 3423 27 3 percent percent NN 3423 27 4 reported report VBD 3423 27 5 reading read VBG 3423 27 6 through through IN 3423 27 7 a a DT 3423 27 8 long long JJ 3423 27 9 website website NN 3423 27 10 without without IN 3423 27 11 using use VBG 3423 27 12 navigational navigational JJ 3423 27 13 shortcuts.4 shortcuts.4 PDT 3423 27 14 Some some DT 3423 27 15 websites website NNS 3423 27 16 also also RB 3423 27 17 offer offer VBP 3423 27 18 a a DT 3423 27 19 “ " `` 3423 27 20 skip skip NNP 3423 27 21 navigation navigation NN 3423 27 22 link link NNP 3423 27 23 ” " '' 3423 27 24 at at IN 3423 27 25 the the DT 3423 27 26 beginning beginning NN 3423 27 27 of of IN 3423 27 28 a a DT 3423 27 29 page page NN 3423 27 30 , , , 3423 27 31 which which WDT 3423 27 32 allows allow VBZ 3423 27 33 the the DT 3423 27 34 user user NN 3423 27 35 to to TO 3423 27 36 skip skip VB 3423 27 37 over over IN 3423 27 38 the the DT 3423 27 39 repetitive repetitive JJ 3423 27 40 navigational navigational JJ 3423 27 41 information information NN 3423 27 42 in in IN 3423 27 43 the the DT 3423 27 44 banner banner NN 3423 27 45 to to TO 3423 27 46 hear hear VB 3423 27 47 the the DT 3423 27 48 “ " `` 3423 27 49 main main JJ 3423 27 50 content content NN 3423 27 51 ” " '' 3423 27 52 as as RB 3423 27 53 soon soon RB 3423 27 54 as as IN 3423 27 55 possible possible JJ 3423 27 56 . . . 3423 28 1 These these DT 3423 28 2 fundamental fundamental JJ 3423 28 3 differences difference NNS 3423 28 4 in in IN 3423 28 5 the the DT 3423 28 6 way way NN 3423 28 7 screen- screen- JJ 3423 28 8 reader reader NN 3423 28 9 users user NNS 3423 28 10 access access VBP 3423 28 11 Internet internet NN 3423 28 12 content content NN 3423 28 13 are be VBP 3423 28 14 the the DT 3423 28 15 key key NN 3423 28 16 to to IN 3423 28 17 making make VBG 3423 28 18 websites website NNS 3423 28 19 that that WDT 3423 28 20 work work VBP 3423 28 21 well well RB 3423 28 22 with with IN 3423 28 23 assistive assistive JJ 3423 28 24 technology technology NN 3423 28 25 . . . 3423 29 1 LITERATURE LITERATURE NNP 3423 29 2 REVIEW REVIEW NNP 3423 29 3 Accessibility Accessibility NNP 3423 29 4 studies study NNS 3423 29 5 of of IN 3423 29 6 library library NN 3423 29 7 web web NN 3423 29 8 sites site NNS 3423 29 9 in in IN 3423 29 10 higher high JJR 3423 29 11 education education NN 3423 29 12 have have VBP 3423 29 13 primarily primarily RB 3423 29 14 focused focus VBN 3423 29 15 on on IN 3423 29 16 the the DT 3423 29 17 library library NN 3423 29 18 ’s ’s POS 3423 29 19 homepage homepage NN 3423 29 20 and and CC 3423 29 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 3423 29 22 resources resource NNS 3423 29 23 and and CC 3423 29 24 services service NNS 3423 29 25 . . . 3423 30 1 More More JJR 3423 30 2 than than IN 3423 30 3 a a DT 3423 30 4 decade decade NN 3423 30 5 ago ago RB 3423 30 6 , , , 3423 30 7 Lilly Lilly NNP 3423 30 8 and and CC 3423 30 9 Van Van NNP 3423 30 10 Fleet Fleet NNP 3423 30 11 and and CC 3423 30 12 Spindler Spindler NNP 3423 30 13 determined determine VBD 3423 30 14 only only RB 3423 30 15 40 40 CD 3423 30 16 percent percent NN 3423 30 17 and and CC 3423 30 18 42 42 CD 3423 30 19 percent percent NN 3423 30 20 , , , 3423 30 21 respectively respectively RB 3423 30 22 , , , 3423 30 23 of of IN 3423 30 24 academic academic JJ 3423 30 25 library library NN 3423 30 26 homepages homepage NNS 3423 30 27 were be VBD 3423 30 28 rated rate VBN 3423 30 29 accessible accessible JJ 3423 30 30 using use VBG 3423 30 31 Bobby Bobby NNP 3423 30 32 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 30 33 testing testing NN 3423 30 34 software.5 software.5 CD 3423 30 35 A a DT 3423 30 36 series series NN 3423 30 37 of of IN 3423 30 38 similar similar JJ 3423 30 39 studies study NNS 3423 30 40 followed follow VBN 3423 30 41 by by IN 3423 30 42 Schmetzke Schmetzke NNP 3423 30 43 and and CC 3423 30 44 Comeaux Comeaux NNP 3423 30 45 and and CC 3423 30 46 Schmetzke Schmetzke NNP 3423 30 47 , , , 3423 30 48 which which WDT 3423 30 49 found find VBD 3423 30 50 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 30 51 rates rate NNS 3423 30 52 of of IN 3423 30 53 library library NN 3423 30 54 homepages homepage NNS 3423 30 55 fluctuating fluctuate VBG 3423 30 56 over over IN 3423 30 57 time time NN 3423 30 58 , , , 3423 30 59 decreasing decrease VBG 3423 30 60 from from IN 3423 30 61 a a DT 3423 30 62 2001 2001 CD 3423 30 63 rate rate NN 3423 30 64 of of IN 3423 30 65 59 59 CD 3423 30 66 percent percent NN 3423 30 67 to to IN 3423 30 68 51 51 CD 3423 30 69 percent percent NN 3423 30 70 in in IN 3423 30 71 2002 2002 CD 3423 30 72 , , , 3423 30 73 INFORMATION INFORMATION NNP 3423 30 74 TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY NNP 3423 30 75 AND and CC 3423 30 76 LIBRARIES library NNS 3423 30 77 | | NNP 3423 30 78 SEPTEMBER SEPTEMBER NNP 3423 30 79 2013 2013 CD 3423 30 80 36 36 CD 3423 30 81 and and CC 3423 30 82 rising rise VBG 3423 30 83 back back RB 3423 30 84 to to IN 3423 30 85 60 60 CD 3423 30 86 percent percent NN 3423 30 87 in in IN 3423 30 88 2006.6 2006.6 CD 3423 30 89 Providenti Providenti NNP 3423 30 90 and and CC 3423 30 91 Zai Zai NNP 3423 30 92 III III NNP 3423 30 93 examined examine VBD 3423 30 94 academic academic JJ 3423 30 95 library library NN 3423 30 96 homepages homepage NNS 3423 30 97 in in IN 3423 30 98 Kentucky Kentucky NNP 3423 30 99 , , , 3423 30 100 comparing compare VBG 3423 30 101 data datum NNS 3423 30 102 from from IN 3423 30 103 2003 2003 CD 3423 30 104 and and CC 3423 30 105 2007 2007 CD 3423 30 106 . . . 3423 31 1 They -PRON- PRP 3423 31 2 also also RB 3423 31 3 found find VBD 3423 31 4 low low JJ 3423 31 5 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 31 6 rates rate NNS 3423 31 7 with with IN 3423 31 8 minimal minimal JJ 3423 31 9 improvement improvement NN 3423 31 10 in in IN 3423 31 11 four four CD 3423 31 12 years.7 years.7 JJ 3423 31 13 Many many JJ 3423 31 14 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 31 15 studies study NNS 3423 31 16 have have VBP 3423 31 17 focused focus VBN 3423 31 18 on on IN 3423 31 19 one one CD 3423 31 20 of of IN 3423 31 21 the the DT 3423 31 22 mainstays mainstay NNS 3423 31 23 of of IN 3423 31 24 academic academic JJ 3423 31 25 library library NN 3423 31 26 sites site NNS 3423 31 27 : : : 3423 31 28 databases database NNS 3423 31 29 of of IN 3423 31 30 e e NNS 3423 31 31 - - NNS 3423 31 32 journals journal NNS 3423 31 33 . . . 3423 32 1 Early early JJ 3423 32 2 studies study NNS 3423 32 3 by by IN 3423 32 4 Coonin Coonin NNP 3423 32 5 , , , 3423 32 6 Riley Riley NNP 3423 32 7 , , , 3423 32 8 Horwath Horwath NNP 3423 32 9 , , , 3423 32 10 and and CC 3423 32 11 others other NNS 3423 32 12 found find VBD 3423 32 13 significant significant JJ 3423 32 14 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 32 15 barriers barrier NNS 3423 32 16 in in IN 3423 32 17 most most JJS 3423 32 18 electronic electronic JJ 3423 32 19 content content NN 3423 32 20 providers provider NNS 3423 32 21 ’ ’ POS 3423 32 22 databases.8 databases.8 NFP 3423 32 23 Problems problem NNS 3423 32 24 ranged range VBN 3423 32 25 from from IN 3423 32 26 missing miss VBG 3423 32 27 and and CC 3423 32 28 unclear unclear JJ 3423 32 29 alternative alternative JJ 3423 32 30 text text NN 3423 32 31 to to IN 3423 32 32 inaccessible inaccessible JJ 3423 32 33 journal journal NN 3423 32 34 PDFs pdf NNS 3423 32 35 saved save VBN 3423 32 36 as as IN 3423 32 37 images image NNS 3423 32 38 instead instead RB 3423 32 39 of of IN 3423 32 40 text text NN 3423 32 41 . . . 3423 33 1 As as IN 3423 33 2 awareness awareness NN 3423 33 3 of of IN 3423 33 4 web web NN 3423 33 5 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 33 6 in in IN 3423 33 7 library library JJ 3423 33 8 resources resource NNS 3423 33 9 spread spread VBP 3423 33 10 , , , 3423 33 11 research research NN 3423 33 12 studies study NNS 3423 33 13 began begin VBD 3423 33 14 to to TO 3423 33 15 find find VB 3423 33 16 that that IN 3423 33 17 most most JJS 3423 33 18 databases database NNS 3423 33 19 were be VBD 3423 33 20 Section section NN 3423 33 21 508 508 CD 3423 33 22 compliant compliant JJ 3423 33 23 but but CC 3423 33 24 still still RB 3423 33 25 lacked lack VBD 3423 33 26 user user NN 3423 33 27 - - HYPH 3423 33 28 friendliness friendliness NN 3423 33 29 for for IN 3423 33 30 users user NNS 3423 33 31 of of IN 3423 33 32 assistive assistive JJ 3423 33 33 technology.9 technology.9 CD 3423 33 34 More more RBR 3423 33 35 recent recent JJ 3423 33 36 studies study NNS 3423 33 37 examined examine VBD 3423 33 38 the the DT 3423 33 39 actual actual JJ 3423 33 40 usability usability NN 3423 33 41 of of IN 3423 33 42 journal journal NNP 3423 33 43 databases database NNS 3423 33 44 and and CC 3423 33 45 the the DT 3423 33 46 challenges challenge NNS 3423 33 47 they -PRON- PRP 3423 33 48 pose pose VBP 3423 33 49 for for IN 3423 33 50 the the DT 3423 33 51 disabled disabled JJ 3423 33 52 . . . 3423 34 1 Power Power NNP 3423 34 2 and and CC 3423 34 3 LaBeau LaBeau NNP 3423 34 4 still still RB 3423 34 5 found find VBD 3423 34 6 vendor vendor NN 3423 34 7 databases database NNS 3423 34 8 that that WDT 3423 34 9 were be VBD 3423 34 10 not not RB 3423 34 11 Section section NN 3423 34 12 508 508 CD 3423 34 13 compliant compliant JJ 3423 34 14 and and CC 3423 34 15 others other NNS 3423 34 16 that that WDT 3423 34 17 were be VBD 3423 34 18 minimally minimally RB 3423 34 19 compliant compliant JJ 3423 34 20 but but CC 3423 34 21 lacked lack VBD 3423 34 22 functionality.10 functionality.10 NNP 3423 34 23 Dermody Dermody NNP 3423 34 24 and and CC 3423 34 25 Majekodunmi Majekodunmi NNP 3423 34 26 found find VBD 3423 34 27 that that IN 3423 34 28 students student NNS 3423 34 29 were be VBD 3423 34 30 hindered hinder VBN 3423 34 31 by by IN 3423 34 32 advanced advanced JJ 3423 34 33 database database NN 3423 34 34 features feature NNS 3423 34 35 intended intend VBN 3423 34 36 to to TO 3423 34 37 improve improve VB 3423 34 38 general general JJ 3423 34 39 users user NNS 3423 34 40 ’ ' '' 3423 34 41 experiences.11 experiences.11 NNP 3423 34 42 Disabled disabled JJ 3423 34 43 students student NNS 3423 34 44 were be VBD 3423 34 45 also also RB 3423 34 46 confronted confront VBN 3423 34 47 with with IN 3423 34 48 excessive excessive JJ 3423 34 49 links link NNS 3423 34 50 , , , 3423 34 51 unreadable unreadable JJ 3423 34 52 links link NNS 3423 34 53 , , , 3423 34 54 and and CC 3423 34 55 inaccessible inaccessible JJ 3423 34 56 PDFs pdf NNS 3423 34 57 . . . 3423 35 1 Related related JJ 3423 35 2 studies study NNS 3423 35 3 have have VBP 3423 35 4 focused focus VBN 3423 35 5 on on IN 3423 35 6 providing provide VBG 3423 35 7 guidelines guideline NNS 3423 35 8 for for IN 3423 35 9 accessible accessible JJ 3423 35 10 library library NN 3423 35 11 web web NN 3423 35 12 design design NN 3423 35 13 and and CC 3423 35 14 services service NNS 3423 35 15 . . . 3423 36 1 Brophy Brophy NNP 3423 36 2 and and CC 3423 36 3 Craven Craven NNP 3423 36 4 highlighted highlight VBD 3423 36 5 the the DT 3423 36 6 importance importance NN 3423 36 7 of of IN 3423 36 8 universal universal JJ 3423 36 9 design design NN 3423 36 10 in in IN 3423 36 11 library library NN 3423 36 12 sites site NNS 3423 36 13 because because IN 3423 36 14 of of IN 3423 36 15 the the DT 3423 36 16 ever ever RB 3423 36 17 - - HYPH 3423 36 18 increasing increase VBG 3423 36 19 complexity complexity NN 3423 36 20 of of IN 3423 36 21 web web NN 3423 36 22 - - HYPH 3423 36 23 based base VBN 3423 36 24 media.12 media.12 NNP 3423 36 25 Vandenbark Vandenbark NNP 3423 36 26 provided provide VBD 3423 36 27 a a DT 3423 36 28 clear clear JJ 3423 36 29 explanation explanation NN 3423 36 30 of of IN 3423 36 31 US US NNP 3423 36 32 regulations regulation NNS 3423 36 33 and and CC 3423 36 34 standards standard NNS 3423 36 35 for for IN 3423 36 36 accessible accessible JJ 3423 36 37 design design NN 3423 36 38 and and CC 3423 36 39 outlined outline VBN 3423 36 40 basic basic JJ 3423 36 41 principles principle NNS 3423 36 42 of of IN 3423 36 43 good good JJ 3423 36 44 design design NN 3423 36 45 and and CC 3423 36 46 how how WRB 3423 36 47 to to TO 3423 36 48 achieve achieve VB 3423 36 49 it.13 it.13 NNP 3423 36 50 Recent recent JJ 3423 36 51 works work NNS 3423 36 52 by by IN 3423 36 53 Samson Samson NNP 3423 36 54 and and CC 3423 36 55 Willis Willis NNP 3423 36 56 addressed address VBD 3423 36 57 best good JJS 3423 36 58 practices practice NNS 3423 36 59 for for IN 3423 36 60 reference reference NN 3423 36 61 and and CC 3423 36 62 general general JJ 3423 36 63 library library NN 3423 36 64 services service NNS 3423 36 65 to to IN 3423 36 66 disabled disabled JJ 3423 36 67 patrons patron NNS 3423 36 68 . . . 3423 37 1 Samson Samson NNP 3423 37 2 found find VBD 3423 37 3 no no DT 3423 37 4 consistent consistent JJ 3423 37 5 set set NN 3423 37 6 of of IN 3423 37 7 best good JJS 3423 37 8 practices practice NNS 3423 37 9 between between IN 3423 37 10 eight eight CD 3423 37 11 academic academic JJ 3423 37 12 libraries library NNS 3423 37 13 studied study VBD 3423 37 14 , , , 3423 37 15 noting note VBG 3423 37 16 that that IN 3423 37 17 five five CD 3423 37 18 of of IN 3423 37 19 the the DT 3423 37 20 eight eight CD 3423 37 21 based base VBN 3423 37 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 3423 37 23 services service NNS 3423 37 24 on on IN 3423 37 25 reactions reaction NNS 3423 37 26 to to IN 3423 37 27 individual individual JJ 3423 37 28 complaints complaint NNS 3423 37 29 instead instead RB 3423 37 30 of of IN 3423 37 31 using use VBG 3423 37 32 a a DT 3423 37 33 broader broad JJR 3423 37 34 , , , 3423 37 35 proactive proactive JJ 3423 37 36 approach.14 approach.14 NNP 3423 37 37 Willis Willis NNP 3423 37 38 followed follow VBD 3423 37 39 up up RP 3423 37 40 on on IN 3423 37 41 a a DT 3423 37 42 1996 1996 CD 3423 37 43 study study NN 3423 37 44 by by IN 3423 37 45 surveying survey VBG 3423 37 46 technology technology NN 3423 37 47 and and CC 3423 37 48 physical physical JJ 3423 37 49 - - HYPH 3423 37 50 access access NN 3423 37 51 issues issue NNS 3423 37 52 for for IN 3423 37 53 the the DT 3423 37 54 disabled disabled JJ 3423 37 55 in in IN 3423 37 56 academic academic JJ 3423 37 57 health health NN 3423 37 58 sciences science NNS 3423 37 59 libraries library NNS 3423 37 60 . . . 3423 38 1 She -PRON- PRP 3423 38 2 found find VBD 3423 38 3 improvements improvement NNS 3423 38 4 in in IN 3423 38 5 physical physical JJ 3423 38 6 access access NN 3423 38 7 , , , 3423 38 8 but but CC 3423 38 9 technological technological JJ 3423 38 10 access access NN 3423 38 11 proved prove VBD 3423 38 12 to to TO 3423 38 13 be be VB 3423 38 14 a a DT 3423 38 15 mixed mixed JJ 3423 38 16 bag bag NN 3423 38 17 . . . 3423 39 1 While while IN 3423 39 2 library library NN 3423 39 3 catalogs catalog NNS 3423 39 4 were be VBD 3423 39 5 more more RBR 3423 39 6 accessible accessible JJ 3423 39 7 because because IN 3423 39 8 they -PRON- PRP 3423 39 9 were be VBD 3423 39 10 available available JJ 3423 39 11 online online JJ 3423 39 12 , , , 3423 39 13 library library JJ 3423 39 14 webpages webpage NNS 3423 39 15 continued continue VBD 3423 39 16 to to TO 3423 39 17 pose pose VB 3423 39 18 problems problem NNS 3423 39 19 for for IN 3423 39 20 the the DT 3423 39 21 disabled disabled JJ 3423 39 22 . . . 3423 40 1 Significant significant JJ 3423 40 2 deficiencies deficiency NNS 3423 40 3 in in IN 3423 40 4 the the DT 3423 40 5 provision provision NN 3423 40 6 of of IN 3423 40 7 alternative alternative JJ 3423 40 8 text text NN 3423 40 9 and and CC 3423 40 10 accessible accessible JJ 3423 40 11 media medium NNS 3423 40 12 formats format NNS 3423 40 13 were be VBD 3423 40 14 observed.15 observed.15 NNP 3423 40 15 Finding Finding NNP 3423 40 16 no no DT 3423 40 17 comparable comparable JJ 3423 40 18 evaluations evaluation NNS 3423 40 19 of of IN 3423 40 20 special special JJ 3423 40 21 collections collection NNS 3423 40 22 resources resource NNS 3423 40 23 , , , 3423 40 24 in in IN 3423 40 25 2011 2011 CD 3423 40 26 we -PRON- PRP 3423 40 27 examined examine VBD 3423 40 28 the the DT 3423 40 29 screen screen NN 3423 40 30 - - HYPH 3423 40 31 reader reader NN 3423 40 32 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 40 33 of of IN 3423 40 34 digitized digitize VBN 3423 40 35 textual textual JJ 3423 40 36 materials material NNS 3423 40 37 from from IN 3423 40 38 the the DT 3423 40 39 special special JJ 3423 40 40 collections collection NNS 3423 40 41 departments department NNS 3423 40 42 of of IN 3423 40 43 US US NNP 3423 40 44 academic academic JJ 3423 40 45 library library NN 3423 40 46 websites.16 websites.16 NNP 3423 40 47 Our -PRON- PRP$ 3423 40 48 study study NN 3423 40 49 found find VBD 3423 40 50 that that IN 3423 40 51 42 42 CD 3423 40 52 percent percent NN 3423 40 53 of of IN 3423 40 54 the the DT 3423 40 55 digitized digitize VBN 3423 40 56 items item NNS 3423 40 57 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J. NNP 3423 41 9 Davis Davis NNP 3423 41 10 ’ ' '' 3423 41 11 2012 2012 CD 3423 41 12 study study NN 3423 41 13 evaluated evaluate VBN 3423 41 14 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 41 15 of of IN 3423 41 16 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP 3423 41 17 Area Area NNP 3423 41 18 Consortium Consortium NNP 3423 41 19 of of IN 3423 41 20 Special Special NNP 3423 41 21 Collections Collections NNPS 3423 41 22 Libraries Libraries NNP 3423 41 23 ( ( -LRB- 3423 41 24 PACSCL PACSCL NNP 3423 41 25 ) ) -RRB- 3423 41 26 member member NN 3423 41 27 libraries library NNS 3423 41 28 ’ ’ POS 3423 41 29 special special JJ 3423 41 30 collections collection NNS 3423 41 31 websites website NNS 3423 41 32 and and CC 3423 41 33 compared compare VBN 3423 41 34 their -PRON- PRP$ 3423 41 35 performance performance NN 3423 41 36 to to IN 3423 41 37 popular popular JJ 3423 41 38 sites site NNS 3423 41 39 such such JJ 3423 41 40 as as IN 3423 41 41 Facebook Facebook NNP 3423 41 42 , , , 3423 41 43 Wikipedia Wikipedia NNP 3423 41 44 , , , 3423 41 45 and and CC 3423 41 46 YouTube YouTube NNP 3423 41 47 . . . 3423 42 1 Davis Davis NNP 3423 42 2 found find VBD 3423 42 3 that that IN 3423 42 4 the the DT 3423 42 5 special special JJ 3423 42 6 collections collection NNS 3423 42 7 sites site NNS 3423 42 8 had have VBD 3423 42 9 error error NN 3423 42 10 rates rate NNS 3423 42 11 comparable comparable JJ 3423 42 12 to to IN 3423 42 13 the the DT 3423 42 14 popular popular JJ 3423 42 15 sites site NNS 3423 42 16 , , , 3423 42 17 but but CC 3423 42 18 demonstrated demonstrate VBD 3423 42 19 that that IN 3423 42 20 a a DT 3423 42 21 low low JJ 3423 42 22 number number NN 3423 42 23 of of IN 3423 42 24 error error NN 3423 42 25 codes code NNS 3423 42 26 in in IN 3423 42 27 automatic automatic JJ 3423 42 28 checkers checker NNS 3423 42 29 does do VBZ 3423 42 30 not not RB 3423 42 31 necessarily necessarily RB 3423 42 32 mean mean VB 3423 42 33 the the DT 3423 42 34 page page NN 3423 42 35 is be VBZ 3423 42 36 usable usable JJ 3423 42 37 for for IN 3423 42 38 nonsighted nonsighte VBN 3423 42 39 people.17 people.17 NNP 3423 42 40 Davis Davis NNP 3423 42 41 concluded conclude VBD 3423 42 42 that that IN 3423 42 43 it -PRON- PRP 3423 42 44 is be VBZ 3423 42 45 difficult difficult JJ 3423 42 46 to to TO 3423 42 47 “ " `` 3423 42 48 meaningfully meaningfully RB 3423 42 49 assess assess VB 3423 42 50 site site NN 3423 42 51 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 42 52 ” " '' 3423 42 53 AN an DT 3423 42 54 EVALUATION evaluation NN 3423 42 55 OF of IN 3423 42 56 FINDING find VBG 3423 42 57 AID aid NN 3423 42 58 ACCESSIBILITY accessibility NN 3423 42 59 FOR for IN 3423 42 60 SCREEN SCREEN NNP 3423 42 61 READERS reader NNS 3423 42 62 | | VBD 3423 42 63 SOUTHWELL SOUTHWELL NNP 3423 42 64 AND and CC 3423 42 65 SLATER SLATER NNP 3423 42 66 37 37 CD 3423 42 67 using use VBG 3423 42 68 only only JJ 3423 42 69 automatic automatic JJ 3423 42 70 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 42 71 checkers.18 checkers.18 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METHOD NNP 3423 44 2 The the DT 3423 44 3 researchers researcher NNS 3423 44 4 evaluated evaluate VBD 3423 44 5 a a DT 3423 44 6 single single JJ 3423 44 7 online online JJ 3423 44 8 finding finding NN 3423 44 9 aid aid NN 3423 44 10 from from IN 3423 44 11 the the DT 3423 44 12 websites website NNS 3423 44 13 of of IN 3423 44 14 each each DT 3423 44 15 of of IN 3423 44 16 the the DT 3423 44 17 68 68 CD 3423 44 18 US US NNP 3423 44 19 public public JJ 3423 44 20 university university NN 3423 44 21 and and CC 3423 44 22 college college NN 3423 44 23 libraries library NNS 3423 44 24 in in IN 3423 44 25 the the DT 3423 44 26 Association Association NNP 3423 44 27 of of IN 3423 44 28 Research Research NNP 3423 44 29 Libraries Libraries NNP 3423 44 30 . . . 3423 45 1 They -PRON- PRP 3423 45 2 were be VBD 3423 45 3 analyzed analyze VBN 3423 45 4 with with IN 3423 45 5 automated automated JJ 3423 45 6 and and CC 3423 45 7 manual manual JJ 3423 45 8 tests test NNS 3423 45 9 during during IN 3423 45 10 the the DT 3423 45 11 2012 2012 CD 3423 45 12 fall fall NN 3423 45 13 academic academic JJ 3423 45 14 semester semester NN 3423 45 15 . . . 3423 46 1 The the DT 3423 46 2 evaluated evaluate VBN 3423 46 3 finding find VBG 3423 46 4 aids aid NNS 3423 46 5 were be VBD 3423 46 6 randomly randomly RB 3423 46 7 selected select VBN 3423 46 8 from from IN 3423 46 9 each each DT 3423 46 10 library library NN 3423 46 11 ’s ’s POS 3423 46 12 manuscripts manuscript NNS 3423 46 13 and and CC 3423 46 14 archives archive NNS 3423 46 15 collections collection NNS 3423 46 16 . . . 3423 47 1 Selection selection NN 3423 47 2 was be VBD 3423 47 3 limited limit VBN 3423 47 4 to to IN 3423 47 5 only only JJ 3423 47 6 collections collection NNS 3423 47 7 that that WDT 3423 47 8 have have VBP 3423 47 9 a a DT 3423 47 10 container container NN 3423 47 11 list list NN 3423 47 12 describing describing NN 3423 47 13 manuscript manuscript NN 3423 47 14 or or CC 3423 47 15 archives archive NNS 3423 47 16 contents content NNS 3423 47 17 at at IN 3423 47 18 least least JJS 3423 47 19 at at IN 3423 47 20 box box NN 3423 47 21 level level NN 3423 47 22 . . . 3423 48 1 Evaluations evaluation NNS 3423 48 2 were be VBD 3423 48 3 performed perform VBN 3423 48 4 on on IN 3423 48 5 the the DT 3423 48 6 default default NN 3423 48 7 display display NN 3423 48 8 mode mode NN 3423 48 9 of of IN 3423 48 10 the the DT 3423 48 11 selected select VBN 3423 48 12 finding finding NN 3423 48 13 aids aids NNP 3423 48 14 . . . 3423 49 1 If if IN 3423 49 2 the the DT 3423 49 3 library library NN 3423 49 4 ’s ’s POS 3423 49 5 website website NN 3423 49 6 required require VBD 3423 49 7 a a DT 3423 49 8 format format NN 3423 49 9 choice choice NN 3423 49 10 instead instead RB 3423 49 11 of of IN 3423 49 12 a a DT 3423 49 13 default default NN 3423 49 14 display display NN 3423 49 15 ( ( -LRB- 3423 49 16 such such JJ 3423 49 17 as as IN 3423 49 18 HTML HTML NNP 3423 49 19 or or CC 3423 49 20 PDF PDF NNP 3423 49 21 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generated generate VBD 3423 51 4 report report NN 3423 51 5 for for IN 3423 51 6 each each DT 3423 51 7 finding find VBG 3423 51 8 aid aid NN 3423 51 9 was be VBD 3423 51 10 used use VBN 3423 51 11 to to TO 3423 51 12 compile compile VB 3423 51 13 a a DT 3423 51 14 list list NN 3423 51 15 of of IN 3423 51 16 codes code NNS 3423 51 17 for for IN 3423 51 18 the the DT 3423 51 19 standard standard JJ 3423 51 20 WAVE WAVE NNP 3423 51 21 categories category NNS 3423 51 22 : : : 3423 51 23 Errors error NNS 3423 51 24 , , , 3423 51 25 Alerts Alerts NNPS 3423 51 26 , , , 3423 51 27 Features Features NNPS 3423 51 28 , , , 3423 51 29 Structural Structural NNP 3423 51 30 Elements Elements NNPS 3423 51 31 , , , 3423 51 32 and and CC 3423 51 33 WAI WAI NNP 3423 51 34 - - HYPH 3423 51 35 ARIA ARIA NNP 3423 51 36 landmarks landmark NNS 3423 51 37 . . . 3423 52 1 We -PRON- PRP 3423 52 2 recorded record VBD 3423 52 3 how how WRB 3423 52 4 many many JJ 3423 52 5 libraries library NNS 3423 52 6 earned earn VBD 3423 52 7 each each DT 3423 52 8 type type NN 3423 52 9 of of IN 3423 52 10 code code NN 3423 52 11 , , , 3423 52 12 as as RB 3423 52 13 well well RB 3423 52 14 as as IN 3423 52 15 how how WRB 3423 52 16 many many JJ 3423 52 17 times time NNS 3423 52 18 each each DT 3423 52 19 code code NN 3423 52 20 was be VBD 3423 52 21 generated generate VBN 3423 52 22 during during IN 3423 52 23 the the DT 3423 52 24 entire entire JJ 3423 52 25 evaluation evaluation NN 3423 52 26 process process NN 3423 52 27 . . . 3423 53 1 Manual manual JJ 3423 53 2 testing testing NN 3423 53 3 of of IN 3423 53 4 each each DT 3423 53 5 finding find VBG 3423 53 6 aid aid NN 3423 53 7 was be VBD 3423 53 8 performed perform VBN 3423 53 9 with with IN 3423 53 10 the the DT 3423 53 11 WebbIE WebbIE NNP 3423 53 12 3 3 CD 3423 53 13 Web Web NNP 3423 53 14 Browser Browser NNP 3423 53 15 , , , 3423 53 16 a a DT 3423 53 17 text text NN 3423 53 18 - - HYPH 3423 53 19 only only RB 3423 53 20 browser browser NN 3423 53 21 for for IN 3423 53 22 the the DT 3423 53 23 blind blind JJ 3423 53 24 and and CC 3423 53 25 visually visually RB 3423 53 26 impaired impair VBN 3423 53 27 . . . 3423 54 1 WebbIE WebbIE NNP 3423 54 2 ’s ’s POS 3423 54 3 Ctrl Ctrl NNP 3423 54 4 - - HYPH 3423 54 5 H H NNP 3423 54 6 and and CC 3423 54 7 Ctrl Ctrl NNP 3423 54 8 - - HYPH 3423 54 9 L L NNP 3423 54 10 commands command NNS 3423 54 11 were be VBD 3423 54 12 used use VBN 3423 54 13 to to TO 3423 54 14 examine examine VB 3423 54 15 the the DT 3423 54 16 headings heading NNS 3423 54 17 and and CC 3423 54 18 links link NNS 3423 54 19 available available JJ 3423 54 20 on on IN 3423 54 21 each each DT 3423 54 22 finding find VBG 3423 54 23 aid aid NN 3423 54 24 to to TO 3423 54 25 determine determine VB 3423 54 26 whether whether IN 3423 54 27 patrons patron NNS 3423 54 28 who who WP 3423 54 29 use use VBP 3423 54 30 screen screen NN 3423 54 31 readers reader NNS 3423 54 32 could could MD 3423 54 33 navigate navigate VB 3423 54 34 the the DT 3423 54 35 finding finding NN 3423 54 36 aid aid NN 3423 54 37 by by IN 3423 54 38 using use VBG 3423 54 39 its -PRON- PRP$ 3423 54 40 headings heading NNS 3423 54 41 or or CC 3423 54 42 internal internal JJ 3423 54 43 links link NNS 3423 54 44 . . . 3423 55 1 The the DT 3423 55 2 study study NN 3423 55 3 concluded conclude VBD 3423 55 4 with with IN 3423 55 5 a a DT 3423 55 6 manual manual JJ 3423 55 7 test test NN 3423 55 8 by by IN 3423 55 9 screen screen NN 3423 55 10 reader reader NN 3423 55 11 directed direct VBN 3423 55 12 by by IN 3423 55 13 keyboard keyboard NN 3423 55 14 navigation navigation NN 3423 55 15 . . . 3423 56 1 System system NN 3423 56 2 Access access NN 3423 56 3 to to TO 3423 56 4 Go go VB 3423 56 5 ( ( -LRB- 3423 56 6 SAToGo satogo NN 3423 56 7 ) ) -RRB- 3423 56 8 and and CC 3423 56 9 NVDA NVDA NNP 3423 56 10 were be VBD 3423 56 11 used use VBN 3423 56 12 for for IN 3423 56 13 this this DT 3423 56 14 test test NN 3423 56 15 . . . 3423 57 1 RESULTS RESULTS NNP 3423 57 2 Overview Overview NNP 3423 57 3 Basic basic JJ 3423 57 4 descriptive descriptive JJ 3423 57 5 data datum NNS 3423 57 6 recorded record VBN 3423 57 7 during during IN 3423 57 8 the the DT 3423 57 9 selection selection NN 3423 57 10 process process NN 3423 57 11 shows show VBZ 3423 57 12 that that IN 3423 57 13 65 65 CD 3423 57 14 of of IN 3423 57 15 the the DT 3423 57 16 68 68 CD 3423 57 17 finding find VBG 3423 57 18 aids aid NNS 3423 57 19 tested test VBN 3423 57 20 were be VBD 3423 57 21 displayed display VBN 3423 57 22 as as IN 3423 57 23 webpages webpage NNS 3423 57 24 using use VBG 3423 57 25 HTML html NN 3423 57 26 , , , 3423 57 27 XHTML XHTML NNP 3423 57 28 , , , 3423 57 29 or or CC 3423 57 30 XML xml NN 3423 57 31 coding coding NN 3423 57 32 . . . 3423 58 1 The the DT 3423 58 2 remaining remain VBG 3423 58 3 three three CD 3423 58 4 finding find VBG 3423 58 5 aids aid NNS 3423 58 6 were be VBD 3423 58 7 displayed display VBN 3423 58 8 only only RB 3423 58 9 in in IN 3423 58 10 PDF PDF NNP 3423 58 11 , , , 3423 58 12 with with IN 3423 58 13 no no DT 3423 58 14 other other JJ 3423 58 15 viewing viewing NN 3423 58 16 option option NN 3423 58 17 available available JJ 3423 58 18 . . . 3423 59 1 Only only RB 3423 59 2 25 25 CD 3423 59 3 of of IN 3423 59 4 68 68 CD 3423 59 5 finding find VBG 3423 59 6 aids aid NNS 3423 59 7 were be VBD 3423 59 8 offered offer VBN 3423 59 9 in in IN 3423 59 10 multiple multiple JJ 3423 59 11 viewing viewing NN 3423 59 12 formats format NNS 3423 59 13 , , , 3423 59 14 while while IN 3423 59 15 43 43 CD 3423 59 16 were be VBD 3423 59 17 only only RB 3423 59 18 available available JJ 3423 59 19 in in IN 3423 59 20 a a DT 3423 59 21 single single JJ 3423 59 22 format format NN 3423 59 23 . . . 3423 60 1 Twenty twenty CD 3423 60 2 of of IN 3423 60 3 the the DT 3423 60 4 finding find VBG 3423 60 5 aids aid NNS 3423 60 6 were be VBD 3423 60 7 displayed display VBN 3423 60 8 in in IN 3423 60 9 a a DT 3423 60 10 state state NN 3423 60 11 or or CC 3423 60 12 regional regional JJ 3423 60 13 database database NN 3423 60 14 , , , 3423 60 15 while while IN 3423 60 16 four four CD 3423 60 17 used use VBN 3423 60 18 Archon Archon NNP 3423 60 19 , , , 3423 60 20 one one CD 3423 60 21 used use VBN 3423 60 22 CONTENTdm CONTENTdm NNP 3423 60 23 , , , 3423 60 24 and and CC 3423 60 25 four four CD 3423 60 26 used use VBN 3423 60 27 DLXS DLXS NNP 3423 60 28 . . . 3423 61 1 WAVE WAVE NNP 3423 61 2 5.0 5.0 CD 3423 61 3 Web web NN 3423 61 4 Accessibility accessibility NN 3423 61 5 Evaluation evaluation NN 3423 61 6 Tool Tool NNP 3423 61 7 The the DT 3423 61 8 three three CD 3423 61 9 finding find VBG 3423 61 10 aids aid NNS 3423 61 11 available available JJ 3423 61 12 only only RB 3423 61 13 in in IN 3423 61 14 PDF PDF NNP 3423 61 15 can can MD 3423 61 16 not not RB 3423 61 17 be be VB 3423 61 18 checked check VBN 3423 61 19 in in IN 3423 61 20 WAVE WAVE NNP 3423 61 21 , , , 3423 61 22 which which WDT 3423 61 23 is be VBZ 3423 61 24 limited limit VBN 3423 61 25 to to IN 3423 61 26 webpages webpage NNS 3423 61 27 . . . 3423 62 1 Therefore therefore RB 3423 62 2 65 65 CD 3423 62 3 finding find VBG 3423 62 4 aids aid NNS 3423 62 5 were be VBD 3423 62 6 evaluated evaluate VBN 3423 62 7 with with IN 3423 62 8 this this DT 3423 62 9 tool tool NN 3423 62 10 . . . 3423 63 1 The the DT 3423 63 2 results result NNS 3423 63 3 show show VBP 3423 63 4 that that IN 3423 63 5 the the DT 3423 63 6 majority majority NN 3423 63 7 of of IN 3423 63 8 tested test VBN 3423 63 9 finding find VBG 3423 63 10 aids aids NNP 3423 63 11 ( ( -LRB- 3423 63 12 58 58 CD 3423 63 13 of of IN 3423 63 14 65 65 CD 3423 63 15 , , , 3423 63 16 or or CC 3423 63 17 89.23 89.23 CD 3423 63 18 percent percent NN 3423 63 19 ) ) -RRB- 3423 63 20 had have VBD 3423 63 21 at at RB 3423 63 22 least least RBS 3423 63 23 one one CD 3423 63 24 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 63 25 error error NN 3423 63 26 ( ( -LRB- 3423 63 27 see see VB 3423 63 28 INFORMATION INFORMATION NNP 3423 63 29 TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY NNP 3423 63 30 AND and CC 3423 63 31 LIBRARIES library NNS 3423 63 32 | | NNP 3423 63 33 SEPTEMBER SEPTEMBER NNP 3423 63 34 2013 2013 CD 3423 63 35 38 38 CD 3423 63 36 table table NN 3423 63 37 1 1 CD 3423 63 38 ) ) -RRB- 3423 63 39 . . . 3423 64 1 The the DT 3423 64 2 most most RBS 3423 64 3 common common JJ 3423 64 4 errors error NNS 3423 64 5 were be VBD 3423 64 6 missing miss VBG 3423 64 7 document document NN 3423 64 8 language language NN 3423 64 9 , , , 3423 64 10 missing miss VBG 3423 64 11 alternative alternative JJ 3423 64 12 text text NN 3423 64 13 , , , 3423 64 14 missing miss VBG 3423 64 15 form form NN 3423 64 16 labels label NNS 3423 64 17 , , , 3423 64 18 and and CC 3423 64 19 linked link VBD 3423 64 20 images image NNS 3423 64 21 missing miss VBG 3423 64 22 alternative alternative JJ 3423 64 23 text text NN 3423 64 24 . . . 3423 65 1 Only only RB 3423 65 2 seven seven CD 3423 65 3 of of IN 3423 65 4 the the DT 3423 65 5 finding find VBG 3423 65 6 aids aids NNP 3423 65 7 had have VBD 3423 65 8 zero zero CD 3423 65 9 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 65 10 error error NN 3423 65 11 codes code NNS 3423 65 12 . . . 3423 66 1 Missing miss VBG 3423 66 2 document document NN 3423 66 3 language language NN 3423 66 4 was be VBD 3423 66 5 noted note VBN 3423 66 6 for for IN 3423 66 7 63 63 CD 3423 66 8 percent percent NN 3423 66 9 of of IN 3423 66 10 finding find VBG 3423 66 11 aids aids NNP 3423 66 12 . . . 3423 67 1 Language language NN 3423 67 2 identification identification NN 3423 67 3 is be VBZ 3423 67 4 important important JJ 3423 67 5 for for IN 3423 67 6 screen screen NN 3423 67 7 readers reader NNS 3423 67 8 or or CC 3423 67 9 any any DT 3423 67 10 text text NN 3423 67 11 - - HYPH 3423 67 12 to to IN 3423 67 13 - - HYPH 3423 67 14 speech speech NN 3423 67 15 applications application NNS 3423 67 16 , , , 3423 67 17 and and CC 3423 67 18 it -PRON- PRP 3423 67 19 is be VBZ 3423 67 20 a a DT 3423 67 21 basic basic JJ 3423 67 22 Level level NN 3423 67 23 A a DT 3423 67 24 conformance conformance NN 3423 67 25 requirement requirement NN 3423 67 26 to to TO 3423 67 27 meet meet VB 3423 67 28 WCAG WCAG NNP 3423 67 29 2.0 2.0 CD 3423 67 30 criteria criterion NNS 3423 67 31 . . . 3423 68 1 The the DT 3423 68 2 finding finding NN 3423 68 3 aids aid NNS 3423 68 4 tested test VBD 3423 68 5 for for IN 3423 68 6 this this DT 3423 68 7 study study NN 3423 68 8 contain contain VBP 3423 68 9 primarily primarily RB 3423 68 10 English english JJ 3423 68 11 materials material NNS 3423 68 12 , , , 3423 68 13 but but CC 3423 68 14 they -PRON- PRP 3423 68 15 also also RB 3423 68 16 describe describe VBP 3423 68 17 materials material NNS 3423 68 18 in in IN 3423 68 19 other other JJ 3423 68 20 languages language NNS 3423 68 21 , , , 3423 68 22 particularly particularly RB 3423 68 23 Spanish spanish JJ 3423 68 24 and and CC 3423 68 25 French french JJ 3423 68 26 manuscript manuscript NN 3423 68 27 and and CC 3423 68 28 book book NN 3423 68 29 titles title NNS 3423 68 30 . . . 3423 69 1 Without without IN 3423 69 2 language language NN 3423 69 3 identification identification NN 3423 69 4 , , , 3423 69 5 these these DT 3423 69 6 words word NNS 3423 69 7 are be VBP 3423 69 8 spoken speak VBN 3423 69 9 incorrectly incorrectly RB 3423 69 10 with with IN 3423 69 11 English english JJ 3423 69 12 pronunciation pronunciation NN 3423 69 13 . . . 3423 70 1 Furthermore furthermore RB 3423 70 2 , , , 3423 70 3 increasing increase VBG 3423 70 4 popularity popularity NN 3423 70 5 of of IN 3423 70 6 mobile mobile JJ 3423 70 7 devices device NNS 3423 70 8 with with IN 3423 70 9 voicing voice VBG 3423 70 10 capabilities capability NNS 3423 70 11 will will MD 3423 70 12 likely likely RB 3423 70 13 make make VB 3423 70 14 language language NN 3423 70 15 identification identification NN 3423 70 16 helpful helpful JJ 3423 70 17 for for IN 3423 70 18 many many JJ 3423 70 19 users user NNS 3423 70 20 , , , 3423 70 21 whether whether IN 3423 70 22 or or CC 3423 70 23 not not RB 3423 70 24 they -PRON- PRP 3423 70 25 use use VBP 3423 70 26 a a DT 3423 70 27 screen screen NN 3423 70 28 reader reader NN 3423 70 29 for for IN 3423 70 30 a a DT 3423 70 31 disability disability NN 3423 70 32 accommodation accommodation NN 3423 70 33 . . . 3423 71 1 Error error NN 3423 71 2 Number number NN 3423 71 3 of of IN 3423 71 4 Libraries Libraries NNPS 3423 71 5 Total Total NNP 3423 71 6 Number number NN 3423 71 7 of of IN 3423 71 8 Occurrences Occurrences NNP 3423 71 9 Broken Broken NNP 3423 71 10 skip skip NNS 3423 71 11 link link VBP 3423 71 12 4 4 CD 3423 71 13 6 6 CD 3423 71 14 Document Document NNP 3423 71 15 language language NN 3423 71 16 missing miss VBG 3423 71 17 41 41 CD 3423 71 18 41 41 CD 3423 71 19 Empty empty JJ 3423 71 20 button button NN 3423 71 21 1 1 CD 3423 71 22 1 1 CD 3423 71 23 Empty empty JJ 3423 71 24 form form NN 3423 71 25 label label NN 3423 71 26 4 4 CD 3423 71 27 7 7 CD 3423 71 28 Empty Empty NNP 3423 71 29 heading head VBG 3423 71 30 15 15 CD 3423 71 31 16 16 CD 3423 71 32 Image image NN 3423 71 33 map map NN 3423 71 34 area area NN 3423 71 35 missing miss VBG 3423 71 36 alternative alternative JJ 3423 71 37 text text NN 3423 71 38 2 2 CD 3423 71 39 2 2 CD 3423 71 40 Linked link VBN 3423 71 41 image image NN 3423 71 42 missing miss VBG 3423 71 43 alternative alternative JJ 3423 71 44 text text NN 3423 71 45 12 12 CD 3423 71 46 28 28 CD 3423 71 47 Missing miss VBG 3423 71 48 alternative alternative JJ 3423 71 49 text text NN 3423 71 50 15 15 CD 3423 71 51 36 36 CD 3423 71 52 Missing miss VBG 3423 71 53 form form NN 3423 71 54 label label NN 3423 71 55 23 23 CD 3423 71 56 29 29 CD 3423 71 57 Missing miss VBG 3423 71 58 or or CC 3423 71 59 uninformative uninformative JJ 3423 71 60 page page NN 3423 71 61 title title NN 3423 71 62 7 7 CD 3423 71 63 7 7 CD 3423 71 64 Table table NN 3423 71 65 1 1 CD 3423 71 66 . . . 3423 72 1 WAVE WAVE NNP 3423 72 2 5.0 5.0 CD 3423 72 3 Errors error NNS 3423 72 4 ( ( -LRB- 3423 72 5 n n NNP 3423 72 6 = = SYM 3423 72 7 65 65 CD 3423 72 8 ) ) -RRB- 3423 72 9 . . . 3423 73 1 The the DT 3423 73 2 number number NN 3423 73 3 of of IN 3423 73 4 errors error NNS 3423 73 5 found find VBN 3423 73 6 for for IN 3423 73 7 missing miss VBG 3423 73 8 alternative alternative JJ 3423 73 9 text text NN 3423 73 10 ( ( -LRB- 3423 73 11 36 36 CD 3423 73 12 instances instance NNS 3423 73 13 at at IN 3423 73 14 15 15 CD 3423 73 15 libraries library NNS 3423 73 16 ) ) -RRB- 3423 73 17 , , , 3423 73 18 linked link VBN 3423 73 19 images image NNS 3423 73 20 missing miss VBG 3423 73 21 alternative alternative JJ 3423 73 22 text text NN 3423 73 23 ( ( -LRB- 3423 73 24 28 28 CD 3423 73 25 instances instance NNS 3423 73 26 at at IN 3423 73 27 12 12 CD 3423 73 28 libraries library NNS 3423 73 29 ) ) -RRB- 3423 73 30 , , , 3423 73 31 and and CC 3423 73 32 image image NN 3423 73 33 map map NN 3423 73 34 areas area NNS 3423 73 35 missing miss VBG 3423 73 36 alternative alternative JJ 3423 73 37 text text NN 3423 73 38 ( ( -LRB- 3423 73 39 two two CD 3423 73 40 instances instance NNS 3423 73 41 at at IN 3423 73 42 two two CD 3423 73 43 libraries library NNS 3423 73 44 ) ) -RRB- 3423 73 45 is be VBZ 3423 73 46 surprising surprising JJ 3423 73 47 . . . 3423 74 1 Alternative alternative JJ 3423 74 2 text text NN 3423 74 3 for for IN 3423 74 4 graphic graphic JJ 3423 74 5 items item NNS 3423 74 6 is be VBZ 3423 74 7 one one CD 3423 74 8 of of IN 3423 74 9 the the DT 3423 74 10 most most RBS 3423 74 11 basic basic JJ 3423 74 12 and and CC 3423 74 13 well well RB 3423 74 14 - - HYPH 3423 74 15 known know VBN 3423 74 16 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 74 17 features feature NNS 3423 74 18 that that WDT 3423 74 19 can can MD 3423 74 20 be be VB 3423 74 21 implemented implement VBN 3423 74 22 . . . 3423 75 1 The the DT 3423 75 2 fact fact NN 3423 75 3 that that IN 3423 75 4 it -PRON- PRP 3423 75 5 has have VBZ 3423 75 6 not not RB 3423 75 7 been be VBN 3423 75 8 provided provide VBN 3423 75 9 when when WRB 3423 75 10 needed need VBN 3423 75 11 in in IN 3423 75 12 more more JJR 3423 75 13 than than IN 3423 75 14 a a DT 3423 75 15 dozen dozen NN 3423 75 16 finding find VBG 3423 75 17 aids aids NNP 3423 75 18 suggests suggest VBZ 3423 75 19 that that IN 3423 75 20 these these DT 3423 75 21 libraries library NNS 3423 75 22 have have VBP 3423 75 23 not not RB 3423 75 24 performed perform VBN 3423 75 25 the the DT 3423 75 26 most most JJS 3423 75 27 rudimentary rudimentary JJ 3423 75 28 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 75 29 checks check NNS 3423 75 30 . . . 3423 76 1 Missing miss VBG 3423 76 2 or or CC 3423 76 3 empty empty JJ 3423 76 4 form form NN 3423 76 5 labels label NNS 3423 76 6 and and CC 3423 76 7 empty empty JJ 3423 76 8 buttons button NNS 3423 76 9 , , , 3423 76 10 found find VBD 3423 76 11 at at IN 3423 76 12 24 24 CD 3423 76 13 libraries library NNS 3423 76 14 , , , 3423 76 15 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way way NN 3423 79 38 a a DT 3423 79 39 sighted sight VBN 3423 79 40 patron patron NN 3423 79 41 does do VBZ 3423 79 42 . . . 3423 80 1 Similarly similarly RB 3423 80 2 , , , 3423 80 3 skip skip NN 3423 80 4 links link NNS 3423 80 5 are be VBP 3423 80 6 used use VBN 3423 80 7 to to TO 3423 80 8 jump jump VB 3423 80 9 to to IN 3423 80 10 the the DT 3423 80 11 main main JJ 3423 80 12 content content NN 3423 80 13 of of IN 3423 80 14 a a DT 3423 80 15 page page NN 3423 80 16 , , , 3423 80 17 bypassing bypass VBG 3423 80 18 the the DT 3423 80 19 repetitive repetitive JJ 3423 80 20 information information NN 3423 80 21 in in IN 3423 80 22 headers header NNS 3423 80 23 and and CC 3423 80 24 sidebars sidebar NNS 3423 80 25 . . . 3423 81 1 Broken broken JJ 3423 81 2 skip skip NN 3423 81 3 links link NNS 3423 81 4 were be VBD 3423 81 5 AN an DT 3423 81 6 EVALUATION evaluation NN 3423 81 7 OF of IN 3423 81 8 FINDING find VBG 3423 81 9 AID aid NN 3423 81 10 ACCESSIBILITY accessibility NN 3423 81 11 FOR for IN 3423 81 12 SCREEN SCREEN NNP 3423 81 13 READERS reader NNS 3423 81 14 | | VBD 3423 81 15 SOUTHWELL SOUTHWELL NNP 3423 81 16 AND and CC 3423 81 17 SLATER SLATER NNP 3423 81 18 39 39 CD 3423 81 19 present present NN 3423 81 20 at at IN 3423 81 21 four four CD 3423 81 22 libraries library NNS 3423 81 23 , , , 3423 81 24 eliminating eliminate VBG 3423 81 25 their -PRON- PRP$ 3423 81 26 intended intend VBN 3423 81 27 advantage advantage NN 3423 81 28 . . . 3423 82 1 Missing miss VBG 3423 82 2 or or CC 3423 82 3 uninformative uninformative JJ 3423 82 4 page page NN 3423 82 5 titles title NNS 3423 82 6 were be VBD 3423 82 7 found find VBN 3423 82 8 at at IN 3423 82 9 seven seven CD 3423 82 10 libraries library NNS 3423 82 11 , , , 3423 82 12 six six CD 3423 82 13 of of IN 3423 82 14 which which WDT 3423 82 15 were be VBD 3423 82 16 from from IN 3423 82 17 pages page NNS 3423 82 18 using use VBG 3423 82 19 frames frame NNS 3423 82 20 for for IN 3423 82 21 display display NN 3423 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84 18 not not RB 3423 84 19 implemented implement VBN 3423 84 20 properly properly RB 3423 84 21 ( ( -LRB- 3423 84 22 see see VB 3423 84 23 table table NN 3423 84 24 2 2 CD 3423 84 25 ) ) -RRB- 3423 84 26 . . . 3423 85 1 A a DT 3423 85 2 total total NN 3423 85 3 of of IN 3423 85 4 43 43 CD 3423 85 5 percent percent NN 3423 85 6 of of IN 3423 85 7 the the DT 3423 85 8 finding find VBG 3423 85 9 aids aids NNP 3423 85 10 reported report VBD 3423 85 11 missing miss VBG 3423 85 12 first first JJ 3423 85 13 level level NN 3423 85 14 headings heading NNS 3423 85 15 , , , 3423 85 16 30 30 CD 3423 85 17 percent percent NN 3423 85 18 had have VBD 3423 85 19 a a DT 3423 85 20 skipped skipped JJ 3423 85 21 heading heading NN 3423 85 22 level level NN 3423 85 23 , , , 3423 85 24 and and CC 3423 85 25 nearly nearly RB 3423 85 26 17 17 CD 3423 85 27 percent percent NN 3423 85 28 had have VBD 3423 85 29 no no DT 3423 85 30 heading heading NN 3423 85 31 structure structure NN 3423 85 32 . . . 3423 86 1 Missing miss VBG 3423 86 2 and and CC 3423 86 3 disordered disorder VBN 3423 86 4 headings heading NNS 3423 86 5 cause cause IN 3423 86 6 confusion confusion NN 3423 86 7 when when WRB 3423 86 8 screen- screen- FW 3423 86 9 reader reader NN 3423 86 10 users user NNS 3423 86 11 try try VBP 3423 86 12 to to TO 3423 86 13 navigate navigate VB 3423 86 14 a a DT 3423 86 15 page page NN 3423 86 16 with with IN 3423 86 17 them -PRON- PRP 3423 86 18 . . . 3423 87 1 Listeners listener NNS 3423 87 2 may may MD 3423 87 3 think think VB 3423 87 4 they -PRON- PRP 3423 87 5 have have VBP 3423 87 6 missed miss VBN 3423 87 7 a a DT 3423 87 8 heading heading NN 3423 87 9 , , , 3423 87 10 or or CC 3423 87 11 they -PRON- PRP 3423 87 12 may may MD 3423 87 13 have have VB 3423 87 14 difficulty difficulty NN 3423 87 15 understanding understand VBG 3423 87 16 the the DT 3423 87 17 order order NN 3423 87 18 and and CC 3423 87 19 relationship relationship NN 3423 87 20 of of IN 3423 87 21 the the DT 3423 87 22 page page NN 3423 87 23 ’s ’s POS 3423 87 24 sections section NNS 3423 87 25 . . . 3423 88 1 Alert Alert NNP 3423 88 2 Number number NN 3423 88 3 of of IN 3423 88 4 Libraries Libraries NNPS 3423 88 5 Total Total NNP 3423 88 6 Number Number NNP 3423 88 7 of of IN 3423 88 8 Occurrences Occurrences NNP 3423 88 9 Accesskey Accesskey NNP 3423 88 10 3 3 CD 3423 88 11 15 15 CD 3423 88 12 Broken broken JJ 3423 88 13 same same JJ 3423 88 14 - - HYPH 3423 88 15 page page NN 3423 88 16 link link NN 3423 88 17 9 9 CD 3423 88 18 18 18 CD 3423 88 19 Link link NN 3423 88 20 to to IN 3423 88 21 PDF PDF NNP 3423 88 22 document document NN 3423 88 23 3 3 CD 3423 88 24 5 5 CD 3423 88 25 Missing miss VBG 3423 88 26 fieldset fieldset NN 3423 88 27 1 1 CD 3423 88 28 1 1 CD 3423 88 29 Missing miss VBG 3423 88 30 first first JJ 3423 88 31 level level NN 3423 88 32 heading head VBG 3423 88 33 28 28 CD 3423 88 34 28 28 CD 3423 88 35 Missing miss VBG 3423 88 36 focus focus NN 3423 88 37 indicator indicator NN 3423 88 38 13 13 CD 3423 88 39 13 13 CD 3423 88 40 Nearby nearby JJ 3423 88 41 image image NN 3423 88 42 has have VBZ 3423 88 43 same same JJ 3423 88 44 alternative alternative JJ 3423 88 45 text text NN 3423 88 46 9 9 CD 3423 88 47 1,071 1,071 CD 3423 88 48 No no DT 3423 88 49 heading head VBG 3423 88 50 structure structure NN 3423 88 51 11 11 CD 3423 88 52 16 16 CD 3423 88 53 Noscript noscript JJ 3423 88 54 element element NN 3423 88 55 8 8 CD 3423 88 56 9 9 CD 3423 88 57 Orphaned Orphaned NNP 3423 88 58 form form NN 3423 88 59 label label NN 3423 88 60 2 2 CD 3423 88 61 2 2 CD 3423 88 62 Plugin plugin NN 3423 88 63 1 1 CD 3423 88 64 1 1 CD 3423 88 65 Possible possible JJ 3423 88 66 table table NN 3423 88 67 caption caption NN 3423 88 68 3 3 CD 3423 88 69 4 4 CD 3423 88 70 Redundant redundant JJ 3423 88 71 alternative alternative JJ 3423 88 72 text text NN 3423 88 73 4 4 CD 3423 88 74 9 9 CD 3423 88 75 Redundant redundant JJ 3423 88 76 link link NN 3423 88 77 26 26 CD 3423 88 78 264 264 CD 3423 88 79 Redundant redundant JJ 3423 88 80 title title NN 3423 88 81 text text NN 3423 88 82 18 18 CD 3423 88 83 1,093 1,093 CD 3423 88 84 Skipped skipped JJ 3423 88 85 heading head VBG 3423 88 86 level level NN 3423 88 87 20 20 CD 3423 88 88 22 22 CD 3423 88 89 Suspicious suspicious JJ 3423 88 90 alternative alternative JJ 3423 88 91 text text NN 3423 88 92 6 6 CD 3423 88 93 6 6 CD 3423 88 94 Suspicious suspicious JJ 3423 88 95 link link NN 3423 88 96 text text NN 3423 88 97 1 1 CD 3423 88 98 5 5 CD 3423 88 99 Tabindex Tabindex NNP 3423 88 100 8 8 CD 3423 88 101 74 74 CD 3423 88 102 Underlined underline VBN 3423 88 103 text text NN 3423 88 104 8 8 CD 3423 88 105 142 142 CD 3423 88 106 Unlabeled unlabeled JJ 3423 88 107 form form NN 3423 88 108 element element NN 3423 88 109 with with IN 3423 88 110 title title NN 3423 88 111 1 1 CD 3423 88 112 2 2 CD 3423 88 113 Very very RB 3423 88 114 small small JJ 3423 88 115 text text NN 3423 88 116 11 11 CD 3423 88 117 20 20 CD 3423 88 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3423 90 31 title title NN 3423 90 32 text text NN 3423 90 33 ( ( -LRB- 3423 90 34 1,093 1,093 CD 3423 90 35 instances instance NNS 3423 90 36 INFORMATION INFORMATION VBN 3423 90 37 TECHNOLOGY technology NN 3423 90 38 AND and CC 3423 90 39 LIBRARIES library NNS 3423 90 40 | | NNP 3423 90 41 SEPTEMBER SEPTEMBER NNP 3423 90 42 2013 2013 CD 3423 90 43 40 40 CD 3423 90 44 at at IN 3423 90 45 18 18 CD 3423 90 46 libraries library NNS 3423 90 47 ) ) -RRB- 3423 90 48 . . . 3423 91 1 On on IN 3423 91 2 closer close JJR 3423 91 3 inspection inspection NN 3423 91 4 , , , 3423 91 5 it -PRON- PRP 3423 91 6 is be VBZ 3423 91 7 clear clear JJ 3423 91 8 the the DT 3423 91 9 vast vast JJ 3423 91 10 majority majority NN 3423 91 11 of of IN 3423 91 12 these these DT 3423 91 13 alerts alert NNS 3423 91 14 came come VBD 3423 91 15 from from IN 3423 91 16 just just RB 3423 91 17 three three CD 3423 91 18 libraries library NNS 3423 91 19 using use VBG 3423 91 20 Archon Archon NNP 3423 91 21 and and CC 3423 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17 navigated navigate VBN 3423 132 18 by by IN 3423 132 19 headings heading NNS 3423 132 20 . . . 3423 133 1 Even even RB 3423 133 2 those those DT 3423 133 3 that that WDT 3423 133 4 did do VBD 3423 133 5 have have VB 3423 133 6 enough enough JJ 3423 133 7 headings heading NNS 3423 133 8 with with IN 3423 133 9 which which WDT 3423 133 10 to to TO 3423 133 11 navigate navigate VB 3423 133 12 did do VBD 3423 133 13 not not RB 3423 133 14 always always RB 3423 133 15 have have VB 3423 133 16 the the DT 3423 133 17 headings heading NNS 3423 133 18 in in IN 3423 133 19 proper proper JJ 3423 133 20 sequential sequential JJ 3423 133 21 order order NN 3423 133 22 , , , 3423 133 23 or or CC 3423 133 24 were be VBD 3423 133 25 missing miss VBG 3423 133 26 first first JJ 3423 133 27 - - HYPH 3423 133 28 level level NN 3423 133 29 headings heading NNS 3423 133 30 . . . 3423 134 1 This this DT 3423 134 2 lack lack NN 3423 134 3 of of IN 3423 134 4 adequate adequate JJ 3423 134 5 structure structure NN 3423 134 6 , , , 3423 134 7 given give VBN 3423 134 8 the the DT 3423 134 9 length length NN 3423 134 10 of of IN 3423 134 11 some some DT 3423 134 12 manuscript manuscript NN 3423 134 13 - - HYPH 3423 134 14 collection collection NN 3423 134 15 finding finding NN 3423 134 16 aids aids NNP 3423 134 17 , , , 3423 134 18 can can MD 3423 134 19 make make VB 3423 134 20 reading read VBG 3423 134 21 them -PRON- PRP 3423 134 22 with with IN 3423 134 23 a a DT 3423 134 24 screen screen NN 3423 134 25 reader reader NN 3423 134 26 tedious tedious JJ 3423 134 27 . . . 3423 135 1 Finding Finding NNP 3423 135 2 aids aid VBZ 3423 135 3 with with IN 3423 135 4 few few JJ 3423 135 5 or or CC 3423 135 6 no no DT 3423 135 7 headings heading NNS 3423 135 8 prevent prevent VBP 3423 135 9 users user NNS 3423 135 10 of of IN 3423 135 11 assistive assistive JJ 3423 135 12 technology technology NN 3423 135 13 from from IN 3423 135 14 conveniently conveniently RB 3423 135 15 moving move VBG 3423 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because because IN 3423 150 22 of of IN 3423 150 23 how how WRB 3423 150 24 the the DT 3423 150 25 information information NN 3423 150 26 is be VBZ 3423 150 27 organized organize VBN 3423 150 28 and and CC 3423 150 29 displayed display VBN 3423 150 30 . . . 3423 151 1 Finding Finding NNP 3423 151 2 aids aid NNS 3423 151 3 serve serve VBP 3423 151 4 as as IN 3423 151 5 reference reference NN 3423 151 6 works work VBZ 3423 151 7 for for IN 3423 151 8 researchers researcher NNS 3423 151 9 and and CC 3423 151 10 as as IN 3423 151 11 internal internal JJ 3423 151 12 record record NN 3423 151 13 - - HYPH 3423 151 14 keeping keep VBG 3423 151 15 documents document NNS 3423 151 16 for for IN 3423 151 17 the the DT 3423 151 18 history history NN 3423 151 19 of of IN 3423 151 20 the the DT 3423 151 21 collection collection NN 3423 151 22 . . . 3423 152 1 As as IN 3423 152 2 such such JJ 3423 152 3 , , , 3423 152 4 they -PRON- PRP 3423 152 5 typically typically RB 3423 152 6 have have VBP 3423 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administrative administrative JJ 3423 154 8 information information NN 3423 154 9 and and CC 3423 154 10 skip skip NNS 3423 154 11 to to IN 3423 154 12 the the DT 3423 154 13 collection collection NN 3423 154 14 summary summary NN 3423 154 15 or or CC 3423 154 16 container container NN 3423 154 17 list list NN 3423 154 18 as as IN 3423 154 19 needed need VBN 3423 154 20 . . . 3423 155 1 Screen- Screen- NNP 3423 155 2 reader reader NN 3423 155 3 users user NNS 3423 155 4 can can MD 3423 155 5 bypass bypass VB 3423 155 6 this this DT 3423 155 7 administrative administrative JJ 3423 155 8 information information NN 3423 155 9 by by IN 3423 155 10 using use VBG 3423 155 11 headings heading NNS 3423 155 12 or or CC 3423 155 13 links link NNS 3423 155 14 when when WRB 3423 155 15 they -PRON- PRP 3423 155 16 are be VBP 3423 155 17 supplied supply VBN 3423 155 18 . . . 3423 156 1 Users user NNS 3423 156 2 of of IN 3423 156 3 the the DT 3423 156 4 one one CD 3423 156 5 - - HYPH 3423 156 6 third 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161 8 says say VBZ 3423 161 9 “ " `` 3423 161 10 one one CD 3423 161 11 , , , 3423 161 12 fifteen fifteen CD 3423 161 13 ” " '' 3423 161 14 before before IN 3423 161 15 the the DT 3423 161 16 description description NN 3423 161 17 of of IN 3423 161 18 the the DT 3423 161 19 item item NN 3423 161 20 in in IN 3423 161 21 box box NN 3423 161 22 1 1 CD 3423 161 23 , , , 3423 161 24 folder folder VB 3423 161 25 15 15 CD 3423 161 26 . . . 3423 162 1 It -PRON- PRP 3423 162 2 is be VBZ 3423 162 3 hard hard JJ 3423 162 4 to to TO 3423 162 5 follow follow VB 3423 162 6 a a DT 3423 162 7 long long JJ 3423 162 8 table table NN 3423 162 9 , , , 3423 162 10 and and CC 3423 162 11 the the DT 3423 162 12 listener listener NN 3423 162 13 must must MD 3423 162 14 remember remember VB 3423 162 15 or or CC 3423 162 16 revisit revisit VB 3423 162 17 the the DT 3423 162 18 column column NN 3423 162 19 and and CC 3423 162 20 row row NN 3423 162 21 headers header NNS 3423 162 22 to to TO 3423 162 23 make make VB 3423 162 24 sense sense NN 3423 162 25 of of IN 3423 162 26 the the DT 3423 162 27 descriptions description NNS 3423 162 28 . . . 3423 163 1 Most Most JJS 3423 163 2 screen screen NN 3423 163 3 readers reader NNS 3423 163 4 have have VBP 3423 163 5 a a DT 3423 163 6 table table NN 3423 163 7 - - HYPH 3423 163 8 reading read VBG 3423 163 9 mode mode NN 3423 163 10 for for IN 3423 163 11 data data NN 3423 163 12 tables table NNS 3423 163 13 that that WDT 3423 163 14 will will MD 3423 163 15 read read VB 3423 163 16 the the DT 3423 163 17 header header NN 3423 163 18 cell cell NN 3423 163 19 with with IN 3423 163 20 the the DT 3423 163 21 associated associate VBN 3423 163 22 content content NN 3423 163 23 , , , 3423 163 24 but but CC 3423 163 25 only only RB 3423 163 26 if if IN 3423 163 27 the the DT 3423 163 28 table table NN 3423 163 29 has have VBZ 3423 163 30 been be VBN 3423 163 31 marked mark VBN 3423 163 32 up up RP 3423 163 33 with with IN 3423 163 34 sufficient sufficient JJ 3423 163 35 tags tag NNS 3423 163 36 . . . 3423 164 1 Container container NN 3423 164 2 - - HYPH 3423 164 3 list list NN 3423 164 4 - - HYPH 3423 164 5 item item NN 3423 164 6 descriptions description NNS 3423 164 7 that that WDT 3423 164 8 begin begin VBP 3423 164 9 with with IN 3423 164 10 an an DT 3423 164 11 identification identification NN 3423 164 12 number number NN 3423 164 13 or or CC 3423 164 14 numeric numeric JJ 3423 164 15 date date NN 3423 164 16 ( ( -LRB- 3423 164 17 e.g. e.g. RB 3423 164 18 , , , 3423 164 19 2012/01/13 2012/01/13 CD 3423 164 20 ) ) -RRB- 3423 164 21 are be VBP 3423 164 22 particularly particularly RB 3423 164 23 unclear unclear JJ 3423 164 24 for for IN 3423 164 25 listeners listener NNS 3423 164 26 . . . 3423 165 1 These these DT 3423 165 2 long long JJ 3423 165 3 sequences sequence NNS 3423 165 4 of of IN 3423 165 5 numbers number NNS 3423 165 6 seem seem VBP 3423 165 7 out out IN 3423 165 8 of of IN 3423 165 9 context context NN 3423 165 10 when when WRB 3423 165 11 spoken speak VBN 3423 165 12 by by IN 3423 165 13 the the DT 3423 165 14 screen screen NN 3423 165 15 reader reader NN 3423 165 16 , , , 3423 165 17 and and CC 3423 165 18 it -PRON- PRP 3423 165 19 can can MD 3423 165 20 be be VB 3423 165 21 difficult difficult JJ 3423 165 22 to to TO 3423 165 23 infer infer VB 3423 165 24 the the DT 3423 165 25 relationship relationship NN 3423 165 26 between between IN 3423 165 27 the the DT 3423 165 28 number number NN 3423 165 29 and and CC 3423 165 30 the the DT 3423 165 31 item item NN 3423 165 32 . . . 3423 166 1 Item item NN 3423 166 2 descriptions description NNS 3423 166 3 that that WDT 3423 166 4 are be VBP 3423 166 5 phrased phrase VBN 3423 166 6 as as IN 3423 166 7 brief brief JJ 3423 166 8 sentences sentence NNS 3423 166 9 in in IN 3423 166 10 plain plain JJ 3423 166 11 language language NN 3423 166 12 result result NN 3423 166 13 in in IN 3423 166 14 finding find VBG 3423 166 15 aids aid NNS 3423 166 16 that that WDT 3423 166 17 are be VBP 3423 166 18 more more RBR 3423 166 19 easily easily RB 3423 166 20 understood understand VBN 3423 166 21 . . . 3423 167 1 APPLICATION application NN 3423 167 2 OF of IN 3423 167 3 FINDINGS FINDINGS NNP 3423 167 4 INFORMATION INFORMATION VBD 3423 167 5 TECHNOLOGY technology NN 3423 167 6 AND and CC 3423 167 7 LIBRARIES library NNS 3423 167 8 | | NNP 3423 167 9 SEPTEMBER SEPTEMBER NNP 3423 167 10 2013 2013 CD 3423 167 11 44 44 CD 3423 167 12 Most most RBS 3423 167 13 special special JJ 3423 167 14 collections collection NNS 3423 167 15 personnel personnel NNS 3423 167 16 in in IN 3423 167 17 academic academic JJ 3423 167 18 libraries library NNS 3423 167 19 are be VBP 3423 167 20 not not RB 3423 167 21 responsible responsible JJ 3423 167 22 for for IN 3423 167 23 the the DT 3423 167 24 design design NN 3423 167 25 of of IN 3423 167 26 their -PRON- PRP$ 3423 167 27 websites website NNS 3423 167 28 , , , 3423 167 29 which which WDT 3423 167 30 are be VBP 3423 167 31 part part NN 3423 167 32 of of IN 3423 167 33 a a DT 3423 167 34 larger large JJR 3423 167 35 organization organization NN 3423 167 36 that that WDT 3423 167 37 serves serve VBZ 3423 167 38 other other JJ 3423 167 39 needs need NNS 3423 167 40 . . . 3423 168 1 It -PRON- PRP 3423 168 2 is be VBZ 3423 168 3 important important JJ 3423 168 4 that that IN 3423 168 5 special special JJ 3423 168 6 collections collection NNS 3423 168 7 librarians librarian NNS 3423 168 8 communicate communicate VBP 3423 168 9 to to TO 3423 168 10 administrative administrative JJ 3423 168 11 and and CC 3423 168 12 systems system NNS 3423 168 13 personnel personnel NNS 3423 168 14 that that WDT 3423 168 15 finding find VBG 3423 168 16 aids aids NNP 3423 168 17 must must MD 3423 168 18 be be VB 3423 168 19 accessible accessible JJ 3423 168 20 to to IN 3423 168 21 the the DT 3423 168 22 visually visually RB 3423 168 23 disabled disabled JJ 3423 168 24 . . . 3423 169 1 Libraries library NNS 3423 169 2 can can MD 3423 169 3 not not RB 3423 169 4 rely rely VB 3423 169 5 on on IN 3423 169 6 a a DT 3423 169 7 content content NN 3423 169 8 management management NN 3423 169 9 system system NN 3423 169 10 ’s ’s POS 3423 169 11 claims claim NNS 3423 169 12 of of IN 3423 169 13 being be VBG 3423 169 14 Section section NN 3423 169 15 508-compliant 508-compliant CD 3423 169 16 to to TO 3423 169 17 ensure ensure VB 3423 169 18 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 169 19 , , , 3423 169 20 because because IN 3423 169 21 that that DT 3423 169 22 does do VBZ 3423 169 23 not not RB 3423 169 24 automatically automatically RB 3423 169 25 guarantee guarantee VB 3423 169 26 the the DT 3423 169 27 information information NN 3423 169 28 displayed display VBN 3423 169 29 in in IN 3423 169 30 the the DT 3423 169 31 system system NN 3423 169 32 is be VBZ 3423 169 33 accessible accessible JJ 3423 169 34 . . . 3423 170 1 Proper proper JJ 3423 170 2 implementation implementation NN 3423 170 3 of of IN 3423 170 4 any any DT 3423 170 5 content content NN 3423 170 6 management management NN 3423 170 7 system system NN 3423 170 8 ’s ’s POS 3423 170 9 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 170 10 features feature VBZ 3423 170 11 is be VBZ 3423 170 12 a a DT 3423 170 13 key key JJ 3423 170 14 factor factor NN 3423 170 15 in in IN 3423 170 16 achieving achieve VBG 3423 170 17 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 170 18 . . . 3423 171 1 Librarians librarian NNS 3423 171 2 can can MD 3423 171 3 take take VB 3423 171 4 the the DT 3423 171 5 first first JJ 3423 171 6 step step NN 3423 171 7 toward toward IN 3423 171 8 improving improve VBG 3423 171 9 accessibility accessibility NN 3423 171 10 of of IN 3423 171 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 3423 171 12 special special JJ 3423 171 13 collections collection NNS 3423 171 14 ’ ’ POS 3423 171 15 online online JJ 3423 171 16 finding finding NN 3423 171 17 aids aids NNP 3423 171 18 by by IN 3423 171 19 experiencing experience VBG 3423 171 20 firsthand firsthand RB 3423 171 21 what what WDT 3423 171 22 screen screen NN 3423 171 23 reader reader NN 3423 171 24 users user NNS 3423 171 25 encounter encounter VBP 3423 171 26 when when WRB 3423 171 27 they -PRON- PRP 3423 171 28 use use VBP 3423 171 29 them -PRON- PRP 3423 171 30 . . . 3423 172 1 This this DT 3423 172 2 can can MD 3423 172 3 be be VB 3423 172 4 done do VBN 3423 172 5 by by IN 3423 172 6 conducting conduct VBG 3423 172 7 the the DT 3423 172 8 same same JJ 3423 172 9 automated automated JJ 3423 172 10 and and CC 3423 172 11 manual manual JJ 3423 172 12 tests test NNS 3423 172 13 described describe VBN 3423 172 14 in in IN 3423 172 15 this this DT 3423 172 16 study study NN 3423 172 17 . . . 3423 173 1 The the DT 3423 173 2 following follow VBG 3423 173 3 key key JJ 3423 173 4 checkpoints checkpoint NNS 3423 173 5 should should MD 3423 173 6 be be VB 3423 173 7 considered consider VBN 3423 173 8 : : : 3423 173 9 Accessible accessible JJ 3423 173 10 finding finding NN 3423 173 11 aids aid NNS 3423 173 12 should should MD 3423 173 13 • • VB 3423 173 14 be be VB 3423 173 15 keyboard keyboard NN 3423 173 16 navigation navigation NN 3423 173 17 - - HYPH 3423 173 18 friendly friendly JJ 3423 173 19 ; ; : 3423 173 20 • • NNP 3423 173 21 include include VBP 3423 173 22 alternative alternative JJ 3423 173 23 text text NN 3423 173 24 for for IN 3423 173 25 all all DT 3423 173 26 graphics graphic NNS 3423 173 27 ; ; : 3423 173 28 • • NNP 3423 173 29 have have VBP 3423 173 30 descriptive descriptive JJ 3423 173 31 labels label NNS 3423 173 32 and and CC 3423 173 33 titles title NNS 3423 173 34 for for IN 3423 173 35 all all DT 3423 173 36 interactive interactive JJ 3423 173 37 elements element NNS 3423 173 38 like like IN 3423 173 39 forms form NNS 3423 173 40 ; ; : 3423 173 41 • • NNP 3423 173 42 offer offer VBP 3423 173 43 at at RB 3423 173 44 least least RBS 3423 173 45 one one CD 3423 173 46 type type NN 3423 173 47 of of IN 3423 173 48 navigational navigational JJ 3423 173 49 structure structure NN 3423 173 50 : : : 3423 173 51 o o NNP 3423 173 52 skip skip NNP 3423 173 53 links link NNS 3423 173 54 and and CC 3423 173 55 internal internal JJ 3423 173 56 navigation navigation NN 3423 173 57 links link NNS 3423 173 58 , , , 3423 173 59 o o UH 3423 173 60 sufficient sufficient JJ 3423 173 61 and and CC 3423 173 62 properly properly RB 3423 173 63 ordered order VBN 3423 173 64 headings heading NNS 3423 173 65 , , , 3423 173 66 or or CC 3423 173 67 o o XX 3423 173 68 WAI WAI NNP 3423 173 69 - - HYPH 3423 173 70 ARIA ARIA NNP 3423 173 71 landmarks landmark NNS 3423 173 72 ; ; : 3423 173 73 and and CC 3423 173 74 • • NNP 3423 173 75 linear linear JJ 3423 173 76 reading read VBG 3423 173 77 order order NN 3423 173 78 should should MD 3423 173 79 be be VB 3423 173 80 correct correct JJ 3423 173 81 and and CC 3423 173 82 simulate simulate VB 3423 173 83 visual visual JJ 3423 173 84 reading reading NN 3423 173 85 order order NN 3423 173 86 , , , 3423 173 87 particularly particularly RB 3423 173 88 for for IN 3423 173 89 the the DT 3423 173 90 container container NN 3423 173 91 list list NN 3423 173 92 . . . 3423 174 1 CONCLUSION CONCLUSION NNP 3423 174 2 This this DT 3423 174 3 study study NN 3423 174 4 indicates indicate VBZ 3423 174 5 that that IN 3423 174 6 special special JJ 3423 174 7 collections collection NNS 3423 174 8 finding find VBG 3423 174 9 aids aid NNS 3423 174 10 at at IN 3423 174 11 US US NNP 3423 174 12 public public JJ 3423 174 13 colleges college NNS 3423 174 14 and and CC 3423 174 15 universities university NNS 3423 174 16 can can MD 3423 174 17 be be VB 3423 174 18 accessed access VBN 3423 174 19 by by IN 3423 174 20 screen screen NN 3423 174 21 - - HYPH 3423 174 22 reader reader NN 3423 174 23 users user NNS 3423 174 24 , , , 3423 174 25 but but CC 3423 174 26 they -PRON- PRP 3423 174 27 do do VBP 3423 174 28 not not RB 3423 174 29 always always RB 3423 174 30 perform perform VB 3423 174 31 well well RB 3423 174 32 because because IN 3423 174 33 of of IN 3423 174 34 faulty faulty JJ 3423 174 35 coding coding NN 3423 174 36 and and CC 3423 174 37 inadequate inadequate JJ 3423 174 38 use use NN 3423 174 39 of of IN 3423 174 40 headings heading NNS 3423 174 41 or or CC 3423 174 42 links link NNS 3423 174 43 for for IN 3423 174 44 keyboard keyboard NN 3423 174 45 navigation navigation NN 3423 174 46 . . . 3423 175 1 It -PRON- PRP 3423 175 2 is be VBZ 3423 175 3 clear clear JJ 3423 175 4 that that IN 3423 175 5 many many JJ 3423 175 6 finding finding NN 3423 175 7 aids aid NNS 3423 175 8 available available JJ 3423 175 9 online online RB 3423 175 10 today today NN 3423 175 11 have have VBP 3423 175 12 not not RB 3423 175 13 been be VBN 3423 175 14 evaluated evaluate VBN 3423 175 15 for for IN 3423 175 16 optimal optimal JJ 3423 175 17 performance performance NN 3423 175 18 with with IN 3423 175 19 assistive assistive JJ 3423 175 20 technology technology NN 3423 175 21 . . . 3423 176 1 This this DT 3423 176 2 results result VBZ 3423 176 3 in in IN 3423 176 4 usability usability NN 3423 176 5 barriers barrier NNS 3423 176 6 for for IN 3423 176 7 visually visually RB 3423 176 8 impaired impaired JJ 3423 176 9 patrons patron NNS 3423 176 10 . . . 3423 177 1 Special special JJ 3423 177 2 collections collection NNS 3423 177 3 librarians librarian NNS 3423 177 4 can can MD 3423 177 5 help help VB 3423 177 6 ensure ensure VB 3423 177 7 their -PRON- PRP$ 3423 177 8 electronic electronic JJ 3423 177 9 finding finding NN 3423 177 10 aids aid NNS 3423 177 11 are be VBP 3423 177 12 accessible accessible JJ 3423 177 13 to to IN 3423 177 14 screen screen NN 3423 177 15 - - HYPH 3423 177 16 reader reader NN 3423 177 17 users user NNS 3423 177 18 by by IN 3423 177 19 conducting conduct VBG 3423 177 20 automatic automatic JJ 3423 177 21 and and CC 3423 177 22 manual manual JJ 3423 177 23 tests test NNS 3423 177 24 that that WDT 3423 177 25 focus focus VBP 3423 177 26 on on IN 3423 177 27 usability usability NN 3423 177 28 . . . 3423 178 1 The the DT 3423 178 2 test test NN 3423 178 3 results result NNS 3423 178 4 can can MD 3423 178 5 be be VB 3423 178 6 used use VBN 3423 178 7 to to TO 3423 178 8 initiate initiate VB 3423 178 9 changes change NNS 3423 178 10 that that WDT 3423 178 11 will will MD 3423 178 12 result result VB 3423 178 13 in in IN 3423 178 14 finding find VBG 3423 178 15 aids aid NNS 3423 178 16 that that WDT 3423 178 17 are be VBP 3423 178 18 accessible accessible JJ 3423 178 19 to to IN 3423 178 20 all all DT 3423 178 21 users user NNS 3423 178 22 . . . 3423 179 1 AN an DT 3423 179 2 EVALUATION EVALUATION NNP 3423 179 3 OF of IN 3423 179 4 FINDING find VBG 3423 179 5 AID aid NN 3423 179 6 ACCESSIBILITY accessibility NN 3423 179 7 FOR for IN 3423 179 8 SCREEN SCREEN NNP 3423 179 9 READERS reader NNS 3423 179 10 | | VBD 3423 179 11 SOUTHWELL SOUTHWELL NNP 3423 179 12 AND and CC 3423 179 13 SLATER SLATER NNP 3423 179 14 45 45 CD 3423 179 15 REFERENCES reference NNS 3423 179 16 1 1 CD 3423 179 17 . . . 3423 180 1 “ " `` 3423 180 2 Disability Disability NNP 3423 180 3 Statistics Statistics NNP 3423 180 4 , , , 3423 180 5 ” " '' 3423 180 6 Employment Employment NNP 3423 180 7 and and CC 3423 180 8 Disability Disability NNP 3423 180 9 Institute Institute NNP 3423 180 10 , , , 3423 180 11 Cornell Cornell NNP 3423 180 12 University University NNP 3423 180 13 , , , 3423 180 14 2010 2010 CD 3423 180 15 , , , 3423 180 16 accessed access VBD 3423 180 17 December December NNP 3423 180 18 20 20 CD 3423 180 19 , , , 3423 180 20 2012 2012 CD 3423 180 21 , , , 3423 180 22 www.disabilitystatistics.org/reports/acs.cfm www.disabilitystatistics.org/reports/acs.cfm ADD 3423 180 23 . . . 3423 181 1 2 2 LS 3423 181 2 . . . 3423 182 1 Matthew Matthew NNP 3423 182 2 J. J. NNP 3423 182 3 Brault Brault NNP 3423 182 4 , , , 3423 182 5 “ " `` 3423 182 6 Americans Americans NNPS 3423 182 7 with with IN 3423 182 8 Disabilities disability NNS 3423 182 9 : : : 3423 182 10 2010 2010 CD 3423 182 11 , , , 3423 182 12 ” " '' 3423 182 13 US US NNP 3423 182 14 Census Census NNP 3423 182 15 Bureau Bureau NNP 3423 182 16 , , , 3423 182 17 2010 2010 CD 3423 182 18 , , , 3423 182 19 accessed access VBD 3423 182 20 December December NNP 3423 182 21 20 20 CD 3423 182 22 , , , 3423 182 23 2012 2012 CD 3423 182 24 , , , 3423 182 25 www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/p70-131.pdf www.census.gov/prod/2012pubs/p70-131.pdf ADD 3423 182 26 . . . 3423 183 1 3 3 LS 3423 183 2 . . . 3423 184 1 “ " `` 3423 184 2 Web web NN 3423 184 3 Content Content NNP 3423 184 4 Accessibility Accessibility NNP 3423 184 5 Guidelines guideline NNS 3423 184 6 ( ( -LRB- 3423 184 7 WCAG WCAG NNP 3423 184 8 ) ) -RRB- 3423 184 9 2.0 2.0 CD 3423 184 10 , , , 3423 184 11 ” " '' 3423 184 12 World World NNP 3423 184 13 Wide Wide NNP 3423 184 14 Web Web NNP 3423 184 15 Consortium Consortium NNP 3423 184 16 ( ( -LRB- 3423 184 17 W3C W3C NNP 3423 184 18 ) ) -RRB- 3423 184 19 , , , 3423 184 20 accessed access VBD 3423 184 21 December December NNP 3423 184 22 20 20 CD 3423 184 23 , , , 3423 184 24 2012 2012 CD 3423 184 25 , , , 3423 184 26 www.w3.org/TR/WCAG www.w3.org/TR/WCAG NNP 3423 184 27 . . . 3423 185 1 4 4 LS 3423 185 2 . . . 3423 186 1 “ " `` 3423 186 2 Screen Screen NNP 3423 186 3 Reader Reader NNP 3423 186 4 User User NNP 3423 186 5 Survey Survey NNP 3423 186 6 # # NN 3423 186 7 4 4 CD 3423 186 8 , , , 3423 186 9 ” " '' 3423 186 10 WebAIM WebAIM NNP 3423 186 11 , , , 3423 186 12 accessed access VBD 3423 186 13 December December NNP 3423 186 14 20 20 CD 3423 186 15 , , , 3423 186 16 2012 2012 CD 3423 186 17 , , , 3423 186 18 http://webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey4 http://webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey4 NNP 3423 186 19 . . . 3423 187 1 5 5 CD 3423 187 2 . . . 3423 188 1 Erica Erica NNP 3423 188 2 B. B. NNP 3423 188 3 Lilly Lilly NNP 3423 188 4 and and CC 3423 188 5 Connie Connie NNP 3423 188 6 Van Van NNP 3423 188 7 Fleet Fleet NNP 3423 188 8 , , , 3423 188 9 “ " `` 3423 188 10 Wired wired JJ 3423 188 11 But but CC 3423 188 12 Not not RB 3423 188 13 Connected connect VBN 3423 188 14 , , , 3423 188 15 ” " '' 3423 188 16 Reference Reference NNP 3423 188 17 Librarian Librarian NNP 3423 188 18 32 32 CD 3423 188 19 , , , 3423 188 20 no no UH 3423 188 21 . . . 3423 189 1 67/68 67/68 CD 3423 189 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 189 3 2000 2000 CD 3423 189 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 189 5 : : : 3423 189 6 5–28 5–28 CD 3423 189 7 , , , 3423 189 8 doi doi NN 3423 189 9 : : : 3423 189 10 10.1300 10.1300 CD 3423 189 11 / / SYM 3423 189 12 J120v32n67_02 J120v32n67_02 NNP 3423 189 13 ; ; : 3423 189 14 Tim Tim NNP 3423 189 15 Spindler Spindler NNP 3423 189 16 , , , 3423 189 17 “ " `` 3423 189 18 The the DT 3423 189 19 Accessibility Accessibility NNP 3423 189 20 of of IN 3423 189 21 Web web NN 3423 189 22 Pages Pages NNPS 3423 189 23 for for IN 3423 189 24 Mid Mid NNP 3423 189 25 - - NNP 3423 189 26 Sized Sized NNP 3423 189 27 College College NNP 3423 189 28 and and CC 3423 189 29 University University NNP 3423 189 30 Libraries Libraries NNPS 3423 189 31 , , , 3423 189 32 ” " '' 3423 189 33 Reference Reference NNP 3423 189 34 & & CC 3423 189 35 User User NNP 3423 189 36 Services Services NNP 3423 189 37 Quarterly Quarterly NNP 3423 189 38 42 42 CD 3423 189 39 , , , 3423 189 40 no no UH 3423 189 41 . . . 3423 190 1 2 2 CD 3423 190 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 190 3 2002 2002 CD 3423 190 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 190 5 : : : 3423 190 6 149–54 149–54 CD 3423 190 7 . . . 3423 191 1 6 6 CD 3423 191 2 . . . 3423 192 1 Axel Axel NNP 3423 192 2 Schmetzke Schmetzke NNP 3423 192 3 , , , 3423 192 4 “ " `` 3423 192 5 Web web NN 3423 192 6 Accessibility Accessibility NNP 3423 192 7 at at IN 3423 192 8 University University NNP 3423 192 9 Libraries Libraries NNPS 3423 192 10 and and CC 3423 192 11 Library Library NNP 3423 192 12 Schools Schools NNPS 3423 192 13 , , , 3423 192 14 ” " '' 3423 192 15 Library library NN 3423 192 16 Hi Hi NNP 3423 192 17 Tech Tech NNP 3423 192 18 19 19 CD 3423 192 19 , , , 3423 192 20 no no UH 3423 192 21 . . . 3423 193 1 1 1 CD 3423 193 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 193 3 2001 2001 CD 3423 193 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 193 5 : : : 3423 193 6 35–49 35–49 XX 3423 193 7 ; ; : 3423 193 8 Axel Axel NNP 3423 193 9 Schmetzke Schmetzke NNP 3423 193 10 , , , 3423 193 11 “ " `` 3423 193 12 Web web NN 3423 193 13 Accessibility Accessibility NNP 3423 193 14 at at IN 3423 193 15 University University NNP 3423 193 16 Libraries Libraries NNPS 3423 193 17 and and CC 3423 193 18 Library Library NNP 3423 193 19 Schools Schools NNPS 3423 193 20 : : : 3423 193 21 2002 2002 CD 3423 193 22 Follow follow NN 3423 193 23 - - HYPH 3423 193 24 Up Up NNP 3423 193 25 Study Study NNP 3423 193 26 , , , 3423 193 27 ” " '' 3423 193 28 in in IN 3423 193 29 Design Design NNP 3423 193 30 and and CC 3423 193 31 Implementation implementation NN 3423 193 32 of of IN 3423 193 33 Web web NN 3423 193 34 - - HYPH 3423 193 35 enabled enable VBN 3423 193 36 Teaching Teaching NNP 3423 193 37 Tools Tools NNP 3423 193 38 , , , 3423 193 39 ed ed NNP 3423 193 40 . . . 3423 194 1 Mary Mary NNP 3423 194 2 Hricko Hricko NNP 3423 194 3 ( ( -LRB- 3423 194 4 Hershey Hershey NNP 3423 194 5 , , , 3423 194 6 PA pa NN 3423 194 7 : : : 3423 194 8 Information Information NNP 3423 194 9 Science Science NNP 3423 194 10 , , , 3423 194 11 2002 2002 CD 3423 194 12 ) ) -RRB- 3423 194 13 ; ; : 3423 194 14 David David NNP 3423 194 15 Comeaux Comeaux NNP 3423 194 16 and and CC 3423 194 17 Axel Axel NNP 3423 194 18 Schmetzke Schmetzke NNP 3423 194 19 , , , 3423 194 20 “ " `` 3423 194 21 Web web NN 3423 194 22 Accessibility Accessibility NNP 3423 194 23 Trends Trends NNP 3423 194 24 in in IN 3423 194 25 University University NNP 3423 194 26 Libraries Libraries NNPS 3423 194 27 and and CC 3423 194 28 Library Library NNP 3423 194 29 Schools Schools NNPS 3423 194 30 , , , 3423 194 31 ” " '' 3423 194 32 Library library NN 3423 194 33 Hi Hi NNP 3423 194 34 Tech Tech NNP 3423 194 35 25 25 CD 3423 194 36 , , , 3423 194 37 no no UH 3423 194 38 . . . 3423 195 1 4 4 CD 3423 195 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 195 3 2007 2007 CD 3423 195 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 195 5 : : : 3423 195 6 457–77 457–77 CD 3423 195 7 , , , 3423 195 8 doi doi XX 3423 195 9 : : : 3423 195 10 10.1108/07378830710840437 10.1108/07378830710840437 CD 3423 195 11 . . . 3423 196 1 7 7 LS 3423 196 2 . . . 3423 197 1 Michael Michael NNP 3423 197 2 Providenti Providenti NNP 3423 197 3 and and CC 3423 197 4 Robert Robert NNP 3423 197 5 Zai Zai NNP 3423 197 6 III,“Web III,“Web NNP 3423 197 7 Accessibility Accessibility NNP 3423 197 8 at at IN 3423 197 9 Kentucky Kentucky NNP 3423 197 10 ’s ’s POS 3423 197 11 Academic Academic NNP 3423 197 12 Libraries Libraries NNPS 3423 197 13 , , , 3423 197 14 ” " '' 3423 197 15 Library library JJ 3423 197 16 Hi Hi NNP 3423 197 17 Tech Tech NNP 3423 197 18 25 25 CD 3423 197 19 , , , 3423 197 20 no no UH 3423 197 21 . . . 3423 198 1 4 4 CD 3423 198 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 198 3 2007 2007 CD 3423 198 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 198 5 : : : 3423 198 6 478–93 478–93 CD 3423 198 7 , , , 3423 198 8 doi doi NN 3423 198 9 : : : 3423 198 10 10.1108/07378830710840446 10.1108/07378830710840446 NNS 3423 198 11 . . . 3423 199 1 8 8 LS 3423 199 2 . . . 3423 200 1 Bryna Bryna NNP 3423 200 2 Coonin Coonin NNP 3423 200 3 , , , 3423 200 4 “ " `` 3423 200 5 Establishing establish VBG 3423 200 6 Accessibility accessibility NN 3423 200 7 for for IN 3423 200 8 E e NN 3423 200 9 - - NNS 3423 200 10 journals journal NNS 3423 200 11 : : : 3423 200 12 A a DT 3423 200 13 Suggested Suggested NNP 3423 200 14 Approach Approach NNP 3423 200 15 , , , 3423 200 16 ” " '' 3423 200 17 Library library JJ 3423 200 18 Hi Hi NNP 3423 200 19 Tech Tech NNP 3423 200 20 20 20 CD 3423 200 21 , , , 3423 200 22 no no UH 3423 200 23 . . . 3423 201 1 2 2 CD 3423 201 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 201 3 2002 2002 CD 3423 201 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 201 5 : : : 3423 201 6 207–20 207–20 CD 3423 201 7 , , , 3423 201 8 doi doi NN 3423 201 9 : : : 3423 201 10 10.1108/07378830210432570 10.1108/07378830210432570 LS 3423 201 11 ; ; : 3423 201 12 Cheryl Cheryl NNP 3423 201 13 A. A. NNP 3423 201 14 Riley Riley NNP 3423 201 15 , , , 3423 201 16 “ " `` 3423 201 17 Libraries library NNS 3423 201 18 , , , 3423 201 19 Aggregator Aggregator NNP 3423 201 20 Databases database NNS 3423 201 21 , , , 3423 201 22 Screen Screen NNP 3423 201 23 Readers reader NNS 3423 201 24 and and CC 3423 201 25 Clients Clients NNPS 3423 201 26 with with IN 3423 201 27 Disabilities disability NNS 3423 201 28 , , , 3423 201 29 ” " '' 3423 201 30 Library library JJ 3423 201 31 Hi Hi NNP 3423 201 32 Tech Tech NNP 3423 201 33 20 20 CD 3423 201 34 , , , 3423 201 35 no no UH 3423 201 36 . . . 3423 202 1 2 2 CD 3423 202 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 202 3 2002 2002 CD 3423 202 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 202 5 : : : 3423 202 6 179–87 179–87 CD 3423 202 7 , , , 3423 202 8 doi doi NN 3423 202 9 : : : 3423 202 10 10.1108/07378830210432543 10.1108/07378830210432543 LS 3423 202 11 ; ; : 3423 202 12 Cheryl Cheryl NNP 3423 202 13 A. A. NNP 3423 202 14 Riley Riley NNP 3423 202 15 , , , 3423 202 16 “ " `` 3423 202 17 Electronic electronic JJ 3423 202 18 Content content NN 3423 202 19 : : : 3423 202 20 Is be VBZ 3423 202 21 It -PRON- PRP 3423 202 22 Accessible accessible JJ 3423 202 23 to to IN 3423 202 24 Clients client NNS 3423 202 25 with with IN 3423 202 26 ‘ ' `` 3423 202 27 Differabilities differabilitie NNS 3423 202 28 ’ ' '' 3423 202 29 ? ? . 3423 202 30 ” " '' 3423 202 31 Serials serial NNS 3423 202 32 Librarian Librarian NNP 3423 202 33 46 46 CD 3423 202 34 , , , 3423 202 35 no no UH 3423 202 36 . . . 3423 203 1 3/4 3/4 CD 3423 203 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 203 3 2004 2004 CD 3423 203 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 203 5 : : : 3423 203 6 233–40 233–40 CD 3423 203 7 , , , 3423 203 8 doi doi XX 3423 203 9 : : : 3423 203 10 10.1300 10.1300 CD 3423 203 11 / / SYM 3423 203 12 J123v46n03_06 J123v46n03_06 NNPS 3423 203 13 ; ; : 3423 203 14 Jennifer Jennifer NNP 3423 203 15 Horwath Horwath NNP 3423 203 16 , , , 3423 203 17 “ " `` 3423 203 18 Evaluating evaluate VBG 3423 203 19 Opportunities opportunity NNS 3423 203 20 for for IN 3423 203 21 Expanded Expanded NNP 3423 203 22 Information Information NNP 3423 203 23 Access Access NNP 3423 203 24 : : : 3423 203 25 A A NNP 3423 203 26 Study Study NNP 3423 203 27 of of IN 3423 203 28 the the DT 3423 203 29 Accessibility Accessibility NNP 3423 203 30 of of IN 3423 203 31 Four four CD 3423 203 32 Online Online NNP 3423 203 33 Databases database NNS 3423 203 34 , , , 3423 203 35 ” " '' 3423 203 36 Library library JJ 3423 203 37 Hi Hi NNP 3423 203 38 Tech Tech NNP 3423 203 39 20 20 CD 3423 203 40 , , , 3423 203 41 no no UH 3423 203 42 . . . 3423 204 1 2 2 CD 3423 204 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 204 3 2002 2002 CD 3423 204 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 204 5 : : : 3423 204 6 199–206 199–206 CD 3423 204 7 ; ; : 3423 204 8 Suzanne Suzanne NNP 3423 204 9 L. L. NNP 3423 204 10 Byerley Byerley NNP 3423 204 11 and and CC 3423 204 12 Mary Mary NNP 3423 204 13 Beth Beth NNP 3423 204 14 Chambers Chambers NNP 3423 204 15 , , , 3423 204 16 “ " `` 3423 204 17 Accessibility Accessibility NNP 3423 204 18 and and CC 3423 204 19 Usability Usability NNP 3423 204 20 of of IN 3423 204 21 Web web NN 3423 204 22 - - HYPH 3423 204 23 based base VBN 3423 204 24 Library Library NNP 3423 204 25 Databases Databases NNPS 3423 204 26 for for IN 3423 204 27 Non non JJ 3423 204 28 - - JJ 3423 204 29 visual visual JJ 3423 204 30 Users user NNS 3423 204 31 , , , 3423 204 32 ” " '' 3423 204 33 Library library JJ 3423 204 34 Hi Hi NNP 3423 204 35 Tech Tech NNP 3423 204 36 20 20 CD 3423 204 37 , , , 3423 204 38 no no UH 3423 204 39 . . . 3423 205 1 2 2 CD 3423 205 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 205 3 2002 2002 CD 3423 205 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 205 5 : : : 3423 205 6 169–78 169–78 CD 3423 205 7 , , , 3423 205 8 doi doi NN 3423 205 9 : : : 3423 205 10 10.1108/07378830220432534 10.1108/07378830220432534 LS 3423 205 11 ; ; : 3423 205 12 Suzanne Suzanne NNP 3423 205 13 L. L. NNP 3423 205 14 Byerley Byerley NNP 3423 205 15 and and CC 3423 205 16 Mary Mary NNP 3423 205 17 Beth Beth NNP 3423 205 18 Chambers Chambers NNP 3423 205 19 , , , 3423 205 20 “ " `` 3423 205 21 Accessibility Accessibility NNP 3423 205 22 of of IN 3423 205 23 Web web NN 3423 205 24 - - HYPH 3423 205 25 based base VBN 3423 205 26 Library Library NNP 3423 205 27 Databases Databases NNPS 3423 205 28 : : : 3423 205 29 The the DT 3423 205 30 Vendors vendor NNS 3423 205 31 ’ ’ POS 3423 205 32 Perspectives perspective NNS 3423 205 33 , , , 3423 205 34 ” " '' 3423 205 35 Library library NN 3423 205 36 Hi Hi NNP 3423 205 37 Tech Tech NNP 3423 205 38 21 21 CD 3423 205 39 , , , 3423 205 40 no no UH 3423 205 41 . . . 3423 206 1 3 3 CD 3423 206 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 206 3 2003 2003 CD 3423 206 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 206 5 : : : 3423 206 6 347–57 347–57 CD 3423 206 7 . . . 3423 207 1 9 9 CD 3423 207 2 . . . 3423 208 1 Ron Ron NNP 3423 208 2 Stewart Stewart NNP 3423 208 3 , , , 3423 208 4 Vivek Vivek NNP 3423 208 5 Narendra Narendra NNP 3423 208 6 and and CC 3423 208 7 Axel Axel NNP 3423 208 8 Schmetzke Schmetzke NNP 3423 208 9 , , , 3423 208 10 “ " `` 3423 208 11 Accessibility Accessibility NNP 3423 208 12 and and CC 3423 208 13 Usability Usability NNP 3423 208 14 of of IN 3423 208 15 Online Online NNP 3423 208 16 Library Library NNP 3423 208 17 Databases Databases NNPS 3423 208 18 , , , 3423 208 19 ” " '' 3423 208 20 Library library JJ 3423 208 21 Hi Hi NNP 3423 208 22 Tech Tech NNP 3423 208 23 23 23 CD 3423 208 24 , , , 3423 208 25 no no UH 3423 208 26 . . . 3423 209 1 2 2 CD 3423 209 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 209 3 2005 2005 CD 3423 209 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 209 5 : : : 3423 209 6 265–86 265–86 CD 3423 209 7 , , , 3423 209 8 doi doi XX 3423 209 9 : : : 3423 209 10 10.1108/07378830510605205 10.1108/07378830510605205 CD 3423 209 11 ; ; : 3423 209 12 Suzanne Suzanne NNP 3423 209 13 L. L. NNP 3423 209 14 Byerley Byerley NNP 3423 209 15 , , , 3423 209 16 Mary Mary NNP 3423 209 17 Beth Beth NNP 3423 209 18 Chambers Chambers NNP 3423 209 19 , , , 3423 209 20 and and CC 3423 209 21 Mariyam Mariyam NNP 3423 209 22 Thohira Thohira NNP 3423 209 23 , , , 3423 209 24 “ " `` 3423 209 25 Accessibility Accessibility NNP 3423 209 26 of of IN 3423 209 27 Web web NN 3423 209 28 - - HYPH 3423 209 29 based base VBN 3423 209 30 http://webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey4/ http://webaim.org/projects/screenreadersurvey4/ NNS 3423 209 31 INFORMATION INFORMATION NNP 3423 209 32 TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY NNP 3423 209 33 AND and CC 3423 209 34 LIBRARIES library NNS 3423 209 35 | | NNP 3423 209 36 SEPTEMBER SEPTEMBER NNP 3423 209 37 2013 2013 CD 3423 209 38 46 46 CD 3423 209 39 Library Library NNP 3423 209 40 Databases database NNS 3423 209 41 : : : 3423 209 42 The the DT 3423 209 43 Vendors vendor NNS 3423 209 44 ’ ' '' 3423 209 45 Perspectives perspective NNS 3423 209 46 in in IN 3423 209 47 2007 2007 CD 3423 209 48 , , , 3423 209 49 ” " '' 3423 209 50 Library library JJ 3423 209 51 Hi Hi NNP 3423 209 52 Tech Tech NNP 3423 209 53 25 25 CD 3423 209 54 , , , 3423 209 55 no no UH 3423 209 56 . . . 3423 210 1 4 4 CD 3423 210 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 210 3 2007 2007 CD 3423 210 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 210 5 : : : 3423 210 6 509 509 CD 3423 210 7 – – : 3423 210 8 27 27 CD 3423 210 9 , , , 3423 210 10 doi doi NN 3423 210 11 : : : 3423 210 12 10.1108/07378830710840473 10.1108/07378830710840473 CD 3423 210 13 . . . 3423 211 1 10 10 CD 3423 211 2 . . . 3423 212 1 Rebecca Rebecca NNP 3423 212 2 Power Power NNP 3423 212 3 and and CC 3423 212 4 Chris Chris NNP 3423 212 5 LaBeau LaBeau NNP 3423 212 6 , , , 3423 212 7 “ " `` 3423 212 8 How how WRB 3423 212 9 Well well UH 3423 212 10 Do do VBP 3423 212 11 Academic Academic NNP 3423 212 12 Library Library NNP 3423 212 13 Web web NN 3423 212 14 Sites Sites NNPS 3423 212 15 Address address VBP 3423 212 16 the the DT 3423 212 17 Needs need NNS 3423 212 18 of of IN 3423 212 19 Database Database NNP 3423 212 20 Users Users NNPS 3423 212 21 with with IN 3423 212 22 Visual visual JJ 3423 212 23 Disabilities disability NNS 3423 212 24 ? ? . 3423 212 25 ” " '' 3423 212 26 Reference Reference NNP 3423 212 27 Librarian Librarian NNP 3423 212 28 50 50 CD 3423 212 29 , , , 3423 212 30 no no UH 3423 212 31 . . . 3423 213 1 1 1 CD 3423 213 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 213 3 2009 2009 CD 3423 213 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 213 5 : : : 3423 213 6 55–72 55–72 CD 3423 213 7 , , , 3423 213 8 doi doi NN 3423 213 9 : : : 3423 213 10 10.1080/02763870802546399 10.1080/02763870802546399 CD 3423 213 11 . . . 3423 214 1 11 11 CD 3423 214 2 . . . 3423 215 1 Kelly Kelly NNP 3423 215 2 Dermody Dermody NNP 3423 215 3 and and CC 3423 215 4 Norda Norda NNP 3423 215 5 Majekodunmi Majekodunmi NNP 3423 215 6 , , , 3423 215 7 “ " `` 3423 215 8 Online Online NNP 3423 215 9 Databases Databases NNPS 3423 215 10 and and CC 3423 215 11 the the DT 3423 215 12 Research Research NNP 3423 215 13 Experience Experience NNP 3423 215 14 for for IN 3423 215 15 University University NNP 3423 215 16 Students Students NNPS 3423 215 17 with with IN 3423 215 18 Print Print NNP 3423 215 19 Disabilities Disabilities NNP 3423 215 20 , , , 3423 215 21 ” " '' 3423 215 22 Library library JJ 3423 215 23 Hi Hi NNP 3423 215 24 Tech Tech NNP 3423 215 25 29 29 CD 3423 215 26 , , , 3423 215 27 no no UH 3423 215 28 . . . 3423 216 1 1 1 CD 3423 216 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 216 3 2011 2011 CD 3423 216 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 216 5 : : : 3423 216 6 149–60 149–60 CD 3423 216 7 , , , 3423 216 8 doi doi NN 3423 216 9 : : : 3423 216 10 10.1108/07378831111116976 10.1108/07378831111116976 LS 3423 216 11 . . . 3423 217 1 12 12 CD 3423 217 2 . . . 3423 218 1 Peter Peter NNP 3423 218 2 Brophy Brophy NNP 3423 218 3 and and CC 3423 218 4 Jenny Jenny NNP 3423 218 5 Craven Craven NNP 3423 218 6 , , , 3423 218 7 “ " `` 3423 218 8 Web web NN 3423 218 9 Accessibility accessibility NN 3423 218 10 , , , 3423 218 11 ” " '' 3423 218 12 Library Library NNP 3423 218 13 Trends Trends NNP 3423 218 14 55 55 CD 3423 218 15 , , , 3423 218 16 no no UH 3423 218 17 . . . 3423 219 1 4 4 CD 3423 219 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 219 3 2007 2007 CD 3423 219 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 219 5 : : : 3423 219 6 950–72 950–72 CD 3423 219 7 . . . 3423 220 1 13 13 CD 3423 220 2 . . . 3423 221 1 R. R. NNP 3423 221 2 Todd Todd NNP 3423 221 3 Vandenbark Vandenbark NNP 3423 221 4 , , , 3423 221 5 “ " `` 3423 221 6 Tending tend VBG 3423 221 7 a a DT 3423 221 8 Wild Wild NNP 3423 221 9 Garden Garden NNP 3423 221 10 : : : 3423 221 11 Library Library NNP 3423 221 12 Web web NN 3423 221 13 Design Design NNP 3423 221 14 for for IN 3423 221 15 Persons Persons NNPS 3423 221 16 with with IN 3423 221 17 Disabilities Disabilities NNPS 3423 221 18 , , , 3423 221 19 ” " '' 3423 221 20 Information Information NNP 3423 221 21 Technology Technology NNP 3423 221 22 & & CC 3423 221 23 Libraries Libraries NNP 3423 221 24 29 29 CD 3423 221 25 , , , 3423 221 26 no no UH 3423 221 27 . . . 3423 222 1 1 1 CD 3423 222 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 222 3 2010 2010 CD 3423 222 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 222 5 : : : 3423 222 6 23–29 23–29 CD 3423 222 7 . . . 3423 223 1 14 14 CD 3423 223 2 . . . 3423 224 1 Sue Sue NNP 3423 224 2 Samson Samson NNP 3423 224 3 , , , 3423 224 4 “ " `` 3423 224 5 Best good JJS 3423 224 6 Practices Practices NNPS 3423 224 7 for for IN 3423 224 8 Serving serve VBG 3423 224 9 Students student NNS 3423 224 10 with with IN 3423 224 11 Disabilities disability NNS 3423 224 12 , , , 3423 224 13 ” " '' 3423 224 14 Reference Reference NNP 3423 224 15 Services Services NNPS 3423 224 16 Review Review NNP 3423 224 17 39 39 CD 3423 224 18 , , , 3423 224 19 no no UH 3423 224 20 . . . 3423 225 1 2 2 CD 3423 225 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 225 3 2011 2011 CD 3423 225 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 225 5 : : : 3423 225 6 244–59 244–59 CD 3423 225 7 , , , 3423 225 8 doi doi XX 3423 225 9 : : : 3423 225 10 10.1108/00907321111135484 10.1108/00907321111135484 LS 3423 225 11 . . . 3423 226 1 15 15 CD 3423 226 2 . . . 3423 227 1 Christine Christine NNP 3423 227 2 A. a. NN 3423 227 3 Willis Willis NNP 3423 227 4 , , , 3423 227 5 “ " `` 3423 227 6 Library Library NNP 3423 227 7 Services Services NNPS 3423 227 8 for for IN 3423 227 9 Persons Persons NNPS 3423 227 10 with with IN 3423 227 11 Disabilities disability NNS 3423 227 12 : : : 3423 227 13 Twentieth Twentieth NNP 3423 227 14 Anniversary Anniversary NNP 3423 227 15 Update update NN 3423 227 16 , , , 3423 227 17 ” " '' 3423 227 18 Medical Medical NNP 3423 227 19 Reference Reference NNP 3423 227 20 Services Services NNPS 3423 227 21 Quarterly Quarterly NNP 3423 227 22 31 31 CD 3423 227 23 , , , 3423 227 24 no no UH 3423 227 25 . . . 3423 228 1 1 1 CD 3423 228 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 228 3 2012 2012 CD 3423 228 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 228 5 : : : 3423 228 6 92–104 92–104 CD 3423 228 7 , , , 3423 228 8 doi doi NN 3423 228 9 : : : 3423 228 10 10.1080/02763869.2012.641855 10.1080/02763869.2012.641855 NNP 3423 228 11 . . . 3423 229 1 16 16 CD 3423 229 2 . . . 3423 230 1 Kristina Kristina NNP 3423 230 2 L. L. NNP 3423 230 3 Southwell Southwell NNP 3423 230 4 and and CC 3423 230 5 Jacquelyn Jacquelyn NNP 3423 230 6 Slater Slater NNP 3423 230 7 , , , 3423 230 8 “ " `` 3423 230 9 Accessibility Accessibility NNP 3423 230 10 of of IN 3423 230 11 Digital Digital NNP 3423 230 12 Special Special NNP 3423 230 13 Collections Collections NNPS 3423 230 14 Using Using NNP 3423 230 15 Screen Screen NNP 3423 230 16 Readers reader NNS 3423 230 17 , , , 3423 230 18 ” " '' 3423 230 19 Library library JJ 3423 230 20 Hi Hi NNP 3423 230 21 Tech Tech NNP 3423 230 22 30 30 CD 3423 230 23 , , , 3423 230 24 no no UH 3423 230 25 . . . 3423 231 1 3 3 CD 3423 231 2 ( ( -LRB- 3423 231 3 2012 2012 CD 3423 231 4 ) ) -RRB- 3423 231 5 : : : 3423 231 6 457–471 457–471 CD 3423 231 7 , , , 3423 231 8 doi doi NN 3423 231 9 : : : 3423 231 10 10.1108/07378831211266609 10.1108/07378831211266609 CD 3423 231 11 . . . 3423 232 1 17 17 CD 3423 232 2 . . . 3423 233 1 Lora Lora NNP 3423 233 2 J. J. NNP 3423 233 3 Davis Davis NNP 3423 233 4 , , , 3423 233 5 “ " `` 3423 233 6 Providing provide VBG 3423 233 7 Virtual virtual JJ 3423 233 8 Services Services NNPS 3423 233 9 to to IN 3423 233 10 All all DT 3423 233 11 : : : 3423 233 12 A a DT 3423 233 13 Mixed mixed JJ 3423 233 14 - - HYPH 3423 233 15 Method Method NNP 3423 233 16 Analysis Analysis NNP 3423 233 17 of of IN 3423 233 18 the the DT 3423 233 19 Website Website NNP 3423 233 20 Accessibility Accessibility NNP 3423 233 21 of of IN 3423 233 22 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP 3423 233 23 Area Area NNP 3423 233 24 Consortium Consortium NNP 3423 233 25 of of IN 3423 233 26 Special Special NNP 3423 233 27 Collections Collections NNPS 3423 233 28 Libraries library NNS 3423 233 29 ( ( -LRB- 3423 233 30 PACSCL PACSCL NNP 3423 233 31 ) ) -RRB- 3423 233 32 Member Member NNP 3423 233 33 Repositories Repositories NNP 3423 233 34 , , , 3423 233 35 ” " '' 3423 233 36 American American NNP 3423 233 37 Archivist Archivist NNP 3423 233 38 75 75 CD 3423 233 39 ( ( -LRB- 3423 233 40 Spring Spring NNP 3423 233 41 / / SYM 3423 233 42 Summer Summer NNP 3423 233 43 2012 2012 CD 3423 233 44 ) ) -RRB- 3423 233 45 : : : 3423 233 46 35–55 35–55 CD 3423 233 47 . . . 3423 234 1 18 18 CD 3423 234 2 . . . 3423 235 1 Davis Davis NNP 3423 235 2 , , , 3423 235 3 “ " `` 3423 235 4 Providing provide VBG 3423 235 5 Virtual virtual JJ 3423 235 6 Services Services NNPS 3423 235 7 to to IN 3423 235 8 All all DT 3423 235 9 , , , 3423 235 10 ” " '' 3423 235 11 51 51 CD 3423 235 12 . . .