id sid tid token lemma pos 10170 1 1 The the DT 10170 1 2 Provision Provision NNP 10170 1 3 of of IN 10170 1 4 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 1 5 Services Services NNP 10170 1 6 in in IN 10170 1 7 US US NNP 10170 1 8 Urban Urban NNP 10170 1 9 Libraries library NNS 10170 1 10 Ya Ya NNP 10170 1 11 Jun Jun NNP 10170 1 12 Guo Guo NNP 10170 1 13 , , , 10170 1 14 Yan Yan NNP 10170 1 15 Quan Quan NNP 10170 1 16 Liu Liu NNP 10170 1 17 , , , 10170 1 18 and and CC 10170 1 19 Arlene Arlene NNP 10170 1 20 Bielefield Bielefield NNP 10170 1 21 INFORMATION INFORMATION VBD 10170 1 22 TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY NNP 10170 1 23 AND and CC 10170 1 24 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 10170 1 25 | | NNP 10170 1 26 JUNE JUNE NNP 10170 1 27 2018 2018 CD 10170 1 28 78 78 CD 10170 1 29 Ya Ya NNP 10170 1 30 Jun Jun NNP 10170 1 31 Guo Guo NNP 10170 1 32 ( ( -LRB- 10170 1 33 yadon0619@hotmail.com yadon0619@hotmail.com NNP 10170 1 34 ) ) -RRB- 10170 1 35 is be VBZ 10170 1 36 Associate associate JJ 10170 1 37 Professor Professor NNP 10170 1 38 of of IN 10170 1 39 Information Information NNP 10170 1 40 and and CC 10170 1 41 Library Library NNP 10170 1 42 Science Science NNP 10170 1 43 at at IN 10170 1 44 Zhengzhou Zhengzhou NNP 10170 1 45 University University NNP 10170 1 46 of of IN 10170 1 47 Aeronautics Aeronautics NNP 10170 1 48 , , , 10170 1 49 China China NNP 10170 1 50 . . . 10170 2 1 Yan Yan NNP 10170 2 2 Quan Quan NNP 10170 2 3 Liu Liu NNP 10170 2 4 ( ( -LRB- 10170 2 5 liuy1@southernct.edu liuy1@southernct.edu NNP 10170 2 6 ) ) -RRB- 10170 2 7 is be VBZ 10170 2 8 Professor Professor NNP 10170 2 9 of of IN 10170 2 10 Information Information NNP 10170 2 11 and and CC 10170 2 12 Library Library NNP 10170 2 13 Science Science NNP 10170 2 14 at at IN 10170 2 15 Southern Southern NNP 10170 2 16 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 10170 2 17 State State NNP 10170 2 18 University University NNP 10170 2 19 . . . 10170 3 1 Arlene Arlene NNP 10170 3 2 Bielefield Bielefield NNP 10170 3 3 ( ( -LRB- 10170 3 4 bielefielda1@southernct.edu bielefielda1@southernct.edu NNP 10170 3 5 ) ) -RRB- 10170 3 6 is be VBZ 10170 3 7 Professor Professor NNP 10170 3 8 in in IN 10170 3 9 Information Information NNP 10170 3 10 and and CC 10170 3 11 Library Library NNP 10170 3 12 Science Science NNP 10170 3 13 at at IN 10170 3 14 Southern Southern NNP 10170 3 15 Connecticut Connecticut NNP 10170 3 16 State State NNP 10170 3 17 University University NNP 10170 3 18 . . . 10170 4 1 . . . 10170 5 1 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT NNP 10170 5 2 To to TO 10170 5 3 determine determine VB 10170 5 4 the the DT 10170 5 5 present present JJ 10170 5 6 situation situation NN 10170 5 7 regarding regard VBG 10170 5 8 services service NNS 10170 5 9 provided provide VBN 10170 5 10 to to IN 10170 5 11 mobile mobile JJ 10170 5 12 users user NNS 10170 5 13 in in IN 10170 5 14 US US NNP 10170 5 15 urban urban JJ 10170 5 16 libraries library NNS 10170 5 17 , , , 10170 5 18 the the DT 10170 5 19 authors author NNS 10170 5 20 surveyed survey VBD 10170 5 21 138 138 CD 10170 5 22 Urban Urban NNP 10170 5 23 Libraries Libraries NNPS 10170 5 24 Council Council NNP 10170 5 25 members member NNS 10170 5 26 utilizing utilize VBG 10170 5 27 a a DT 10170 5 28 combination combination NN 10170 5 29 of of IN 10170 5 30 mobile mobile JJ 10170 5 31 visits visit NNS 10170 5 32 , , , 10170 5 33 content content NN 10170 5 34 analysis analysis NN 10170 5 35 , , , 10170 5 36 and and CC 10170 5 37 librarian librarian JJ 10170 5 38 interviews interview NNS 10170 5 39 . . . 10170 6 1 The the DT 10170 6 2 results result NNS 10170 6 3 show show VBP 10170 6 4 that that IN 10170 6 5 nearly nearly RB 10170 6 6 95 95 CD 10170 6 7 % % NN 10170 6 8 of of IN 10170 6 9 these these DT 10170 6 10 libraries library NNS 10170 6 11 have have VBP 10170 6 12 at at RB 10170 6 13 least least RBS 10170 6 14 one one CD 10170 6 15 mobile mobile JJ 10170 6 16 website website NN 10170 6 17 , , , 10170 6 18 mobile mobile NN 10170 6 19 catalog catalog NN 10170 6 20 , , , 10170 6 21 or or CC 10170 6 22 mobile mobile JJ 10170 6 23 app app NN 10170 6 24 . . . 10170 7 1 The the DT 10170 7 2 libraries library NNS 10170 7 3 actively actively RB 10170 7 4 applied apply VBD 10170 7 5 new new JJ 10170 7 6 approaches approach NNS 10170 7 7 to to TO 10170 7 8 meet meet VB 10170 7 9 each each DT 10170 7 10 local local JJ 10170 7 11 community community NN 10170 7 12 ’s ’s POS 10170 7 13 remote remote JJ 10170 7 14 - - HYPH 10170 7 15 access access NN 10170 7 16 needs need NNS 10170 7 17 via via IN 10170 7 18 new new JJ 10170 7 19 technologies technology NNS 10170 7 20 , , , 10170 7 21 including include VBG 10170 7 22 app app NN 10170 7 23 download download NN 10170 7 24 links link NNS 10170 7 25 , , , 10170 7 26 mobile mobile JJ 10170 7 27 reference reference NN 10170 7 28 services service NNS 10170 7 29 , , , 10170 7 30 scan scan NNP 10170 7 31 ISBN ISBN NNP 10170 7 32 , , , 10170 7 33 location location NN 10170 7 34 navigation navigation NN 10170 7 35 , , , 10170 7 36 and and CC 10170 7 37 mobile mobile NN 10170 7 38 printing printing NN 10170 7 39 . . . 10170 8 1 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 8 2 services service NNS 10170 8 3 that that WDT 10170 8 4 libraries library NNS 10170 8 5 provide provide VBP 10170 8 6 today today NN 10170 8 7 are be VBP 10170 8 8 timely timely JJ 10170 8 9 , , , 10170 8 10 convenient convenient JJ 10170 8 11 , , , 10170 8 12 and and CC 10170 8 13 universally universally RB 10170 8 14 applicable applicable JJ 10170 8 15 . . . 10170 9 1 INTRODUCTION introduction NN 10170 9 2 The the DT 10170 9 3 mobile mobile JJ 10170 9 4 internet internet NN 10170 9 5 has have VBZ 10170 9 6 had have VBN 10170 9 7 a a DT 10170 9 8 major major JJ 10170 9 9 impact impact NN 10170 9 10 on on IN 10170 9 11 people people NNS 10170 9 12 ’s ’s POS 10170 9 13 lives life NNS 10170 9 14 and and CC 10170 9 15 on on IN 10170 9 16 how how WRB 10170 9 17 information information NN 10170 9 18 is be VBZ 10170 9 19 found find VBN 10170 9 20 located locate VBN 10170 9 21 and and CC 10170 9 22 accessed access VBN 10170 9 23 . . . 10170 10 1 Today today NN 10170 10 2 , , , 10170 10 3 library library JJ 10170 10 4 patrons patron NNS 10170 10 5 are be VBP 10170 10 6 untethered untethered JJ 10170 10 7 from from IN 10170 10 8 and and CC 10170 10 9 free free JJ 10170 10 10 of of IN 10170 10 11 the the DT 10170 10 12 limitations limitation NNS 10170 10 13 of of IN 10170 10 14 the the DT 10170 10 15 desktop desktop NN 10170 10 16 computer.1 computer.1 . 10170 10 17 The the DT 10170 10 18 popularity popularity NN 10170 10 19 of of IN 10170 10 20 mobile mobile JJ 10170 10 21 devices device NNS 10170 10 22 has have VBZ 10170 10 23 changed change VBN 10170 10 24 the the DT 10170 10 25 relationship relationship NN 10170 10 26 between between IN 10170 10 27 libraries library NNS 10170 10 28 and and CC 10170 10 29 patrons patron NNS 10170 10 30 . . . 10170 11 1 Mobile mobile JJ 10170 11 2 technology technology NN 10170 11 3 allows allow VBZ 10170 11 4 libraries library NNS 10170 11 5 to to TO 10170 11 6 have have VB 10170 11 7 the the DT 10170 11 8 kind kind NN 10170 11 9 of of IN 10170 11 10 connectivity connectivity NN 10170 11 11 with with IN 10170 11 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 10170 11 13 patrons patron NNS 10170 11 14 that that WDT 10170 11 15 did do VBD 10170 11 16 not not RB 10170 11 17 exist exist VB 10170 11 18 previously previously RB 10170 11 19 . . . 10170 12 1 Patrons patron NNS 10170 12 2 no no RB 10170 12 3 longer longer RB 10170 12 4 think think VBP 10170 12 5 that that IN 10170 12 6 it -PRON- PRP 10170 12 7 is be VBZ 10170 12 8 necessary necessary JJ 10170 12 9 for for IN 10170 12 10 them -PRON- PRP 10170 12 11 to to TO 10170 12 12 be be VB 10170 12 13 physically physically RB 10170 12 14 in in IN 10170 12 15 the the DT 10170 12 16 library library NN 10170 12 17 building building NN 10170 12 18 to to TO 10170 12 19 use use VB 10170 12 20 library library NN 10170 12 21 services service NNS 10170 12 22 , , , 10170 12 23 and and CC 10170 12 24 they -PRON- PRP 10170 12 25 are be VBP 10170 12 26 eager eager JJ 10170 12 27 to to TO 10170 12 28 obtain obtain VB 10170 12 29 24/7 24/7 CD 10170 12 30 access access NN 10170 12 31 to to IN 10170 12 32 library library JJ 10170 12 33 resources resource NNS 10170 12 34 anywhere anywhere RB 10170 12 35 using use VBG 10170 12 36 their -PRON- PRP$ 10170 12 37 mobile mobile JJ 10170 12 38 devices device NNS 10170 12 39 . . . 10170 13 1 Mobile mobile JJ 10170 13 2 patrons patron NNS 10170 13 3 need need VBP 10170 13 4 mobile mobile JJ 10170 13 5 libraries library NNS 10170 13 6 to to TO 10170 13 7 provide provide VB 10170 13 8 them -PRON- PRP 10170 13 9 with with IN 10170 13 10 services service NNS 10170 13 11 . . . 10170 14 1 In in IN 10170 14 2 other other JJ 10170 14 3 words word NNS 10170 14 4 , , , 10170 14 5 “ " `` 10170 14 6 patrons patron NNS 10170 14 7 want want VBP 10170 14 8 to to TO 10170 14 9 have have VB 10170 14 10 a a DT 10170 14 11 library library NN 10170 14 12 in in IN 10170 14 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 10170 14 14 pocket pocket NN 10170 14 15 . . . 10170 14 16 ”2 ”2 NNP 10170 14 17 As as IN 10170 14 18 a a DT 10170 14 19 result result NN 10170 14 20 , , , 10170 14 21 libraries library NNS 10170 14 22 around around IN 10170 14 23 the the DT 10170 14 24 world world NN 10170 14 25 are be VBP 10170 14 26 exploring explore VBG 10170 14 27 and and CC 10170 14 28 developing develop VBG 10170 14 29 mobile mobile JJ 10170 14 30 services service NNS 10170 14 31 . . . 10170 15 1 According accord VBG 10170 15 2 to to IN 10170 15 3 the the DT 10170 15 4 State State NNP 10170 15 5 of of IN 10170 15 6 America America NNP 10170 15 7 ’s ’s POS 10170 15 8 Libraries library NNS 10170 15 9 2017 2017 CD 10170 15 10 report report NN 10170 15 11 by by IN 10170 15 12 the the DT 10170 15 13 American American NNP 10170 15 14 Library Library NNP 10170 15 15 Association Association NNP 10170 15 16 , , , 10170 15 17 the the DT 10170 15 18 50 50 CD 10170 15 19 US US NNP 10170 15 20 states state NNS 10170 15 21 , , , 10170 15 22 the the DT 10170 15 23 District District NNP 10170 15 24 of of IN 10170 15 25 Columbia Columbia NNP 10170 15 26 , , , 10170 15 27 and and CC 10170 15 28 outlying outlying JJ 10170 15 29 territories territory NNS 10170 15 30 have have VBP 10170 15 31 8,895 8,895 CD 10170 15 32 public public JJ 10170 15 33 library library NN 10170 15 34 administrative administrative JJ 10170 15 35 units unit NNS 10170 15 36 ( ( -LRB- 10170 15 37 as as RB 10170 15 38 well well RB 10170 15 39 as as IN 10170 15 40 7,641 7,641 CD 10170 15 41 branches branch NNS 10170 15 42 and and CC 10170 15 43 bookmobiles bookmobile NNS 10170 15 44 ) ) -RRB- 10170 15 45 . . . 10170 16 1 The the DT 10170 16 2 vital vital JJ 10170 16 3 role role NN 10170 16 4 public public JJ 10170 16 5 libraries library NNS 10170 16 6 play play VBP 10170 16 7 in in IN 10170 16 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 10170 16 9 communities community NNS 10170 16 10 has have VBZ 10170 16 11 also also RB 10170 16 12 expanded.3 expanded.3 CD 10170 16 13 As as IN 10170 16 14 part part NN 10170 16 15 of of IN 10170 16 16 the the DT 10170 16 17 main main JJ 10170 16 18 role role NN 10170 16 19 of of IN 10170 16 20 public public JJ 10170 16 21 libraries library NNS 10170 16 22 , , , 10170 16 23 US US NNP 10170 16 24 urban urban JJ 10170 16 25 libraries library NNS 10170 16 26 need need VBP 10170 16 27 to to TO 10170 16 28 embrace embrace VB 10170 16 29 the the DT 10170 16 30 developmental developmental JJ 10170 16 31 trend trend NN 10170 16 32 of of IN 10170 16 33 the the DT 10170 16 34 mobile mobile JJ 10170 16 35 internet internet NN 10170 16 36 to to TO 10170 16 37 better better RB 10170 16 38 serve serve VB 10170 16 39 their -PRON- PRP$ 10170 16 40 communities community NNS 10170 16 41 . . . 10170 17 1 The the DT 10170 17 2 provision provision NN 10170 17 3 of of IN 10170 17 4 mobile mobile JJ 10170 17 5 services service NNS 10170 17 6 in in IN 10170 17 7 US US NNP 10170 17 8 urban urban JJ 10170 17 9 libraries library NNS 10170 17 10 is be VBZ 10170 17 11 worthy worthy JJ 10170 17 12 of of IN 10170 17 13 study study NN 10170 17 14 and and CC 10170 17 15 is be VBZ 10170 17 16 of of IN 10170 17 17 great great JJ 10170 17 18 significance significance NN 10170 17 19 as as IN 10170 17 20 a a DT 10170 17 21 model model NN 10170 17 22 for for IN 10170 17 23 how how WRB 10170 17 24 other other JJ 10170 17 25 public public JJ 10170 17 26 libraries library NNS 10170 17 27 plan plan VBP 10170 17 28 and and CC 10170 17 29 implement implement VB 10170 17 30 their -PRON- PRP$ 10170 17 31 mobile mobile JJ 10170 17 32 services service NNS 10170 17 33 . . . 10170 18 1 mailto:yadon0619@hotmail.com mailto:yadon0619@hotmail.com ADD 10170 18 2 mailto:liuy1@southernct.edu mailto:liuy1@southernct.edu NNP 10170 18 3 mailto:bielefielda1@southernct.edu mailto:bielefielda1@southernct.edu NNP 10170 18 4 THE THE NNP 10170 18 5 PROVISION PROVISION NNP 10170 18 6 OF of IN 10170 18 7 MOBILE MOBILE NNP 10170 18 8 SERVICES SERVICES NNP 10170 18 9 IN in IN 10170 18 10 US US NNP 10170 18 11 URBAN URBAN NNP 10170 18 12 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 10170 18 13 | | NNP 10170 18 14 GUO GUO NNP 10170 18 15 , , , 10170 18 16 LIU LIU NNP 10170 18 17 , , , 10170 18 18 AND and CC 10170 18 19 BIELEFIELD BIELEFIELD NNP 10170 18 20 79 79 CD 10170 18 21 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i2.10170 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i2.10170 NNP 10170 18 22 LITERATURE LITERATURE NNP 10170 18 23 REVIEW REVIEW NNP 10170 18 24 Definition Definition NNP 10170 18 25 and and CC 10170 18 26 Types Types NNPS 10170 18 27 of of IN 10170 18 28 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 18 29 Devices Devices NNPS 10170 18 30 and and CC 10170 18 31 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 18 32 Services Services NNP 10170 18 33 As as RB 10170 18 34 early early RB 10170 18 35 as as IN 10170 18 36 1991 1991 CD 10170 18 37 , , , 10170 18 38 Mark Mark NNP 10170 18 39 Weiser Weiser NNP 10170 18 40 proposed propose VBD 10170 18 41 “ " `` 10170 18 42 ubiquitous ubiquitous JJ 10170 18 43 computing computing NN 10170 18 44 , , , 10170 18 45 ” " '' 10170 18 46 pointing point VBG 10170 18 47 out out RP 10170 18 48 how how WRB 10170 18 49 people people NNS 10170 18 50 could could MD 10170 18 51 obtain obtain VB 10170 18 52 and and CC 10170 18 53 handle handle VB 10170 18 54 information information NN 10170 18 55 at at IN 10170 18 56 anytime anytime NN 10170 18 57 , , , 10170 18 58 anywhere anywhere RB 10170 18 59 , , , 10170 18 60 and and CC 10170 18 61 in in IN 10170 18 62 any any DT 10170 18 63 way.4 way.4 NN 10170 18 64 With with IN 10170 18 65 this this DT 10170 18 66 expectation expectation NN 10170 18 67 , , , 10170 18 68 the the DT 10170 18 69 possibilities possibility NNS 10170 18 70 of of IN 10170 18 71 using use VBG 10170 18 72 personal personal JJ 10170 18 73 digital digital JJ 10170 18 74 assistants assistant NNS 10170 18 75 ( ( -LRB- 10170 18 76 PDAs PDAs NNPS 10170 18 77 ) ) -RRB- 10170 18 78 as as IN 10170 18 79 mobile mobile NN 10170 18 80 web web NN 10170 18 81 browsers browser NNS 10170 18 82 were be VBD 10170 18 83 researched research VBN 10170 18 84 in in IN 10170 18 85 1995.5 1995.5 CD 10170 18 86 In in IN 10170 18 87 combination combination NN 10170 18 88 with with IN 10170 18 89 a a DT 10170 18 90 wireless wireless JJ 10170 18 91 modem modem NN 10170 18 92 , , , 10170 18 93 library library NN 10170 18 94 users user NNS 10170 18 95 are be VBP 10170 18 96 able able JJ 10170 18 97 to to TO 10170 18 98 use use VB 10170 18 99 PDAs pda NNS 10170 18 100 to to TO 10170 18 101 access access VB 10170 18 102 information information NN 10170 18 103 services service NNS 10170 18 104 whenever whenever WRB 10170 18 105 they -PRON- PRP 10170 18 106 are be VBP 10170 18 107 needed need VBN 10170 18 108 . . . 10170 19 1 Today today NN 10170 19 2 , , , 10170 19 3 mobile mobile JJ 10170 19 4 devices device NNS 10170 19 5 are be VBP 10170 19 6 generally generally RB 10170 19 7 defined define VBN 10170 19 8 as as IN 10170 19 9 units unit NNS 10170 19 10 small small JJ 10170 19 11 enough enough RB 10170 19 12 to to TO 10170 19 13 carry carry VB 10170 19 14 around around RP 10170 19 15 in in IN 10170 19 16 a a DT 10170 19 17 pocket pocket NN 10170 19 18 , , , 10170 19 19 falling fall VBG 10170 19 20 into into IN 10170 19 21 the the DT 10170 19 22 categories category NNS 10170 19 23 of of IN 10170 19 24 PDAs pda NNS 10170 19 25 , , , 10170 19 26 mobile mobile JJ 10170 19 27 phones phone NNS 10170 19 28 , , , 10170 19 29 and and CC 10170 19 30 personal personal JJ 10170 19 31 media medium NNS 10170 19 32 players.6 players.6 CC 10170 19 33 For for IN 10170 19 34 many many JJ 10170 19 35 researchers researcher NNS 10170 19 36 , , , 10170 19 37 laptops laptop NNS 10170 19 38 are be VBP 10170 19 39 not not RB 10170 19 40 included include VBN 10170 19 41 in in IN 10170 19 42 the the DT 10170 19 43 definition definition NN 10170 19 44 of of IN 10170 19 45 mobile mobile JJ 10170 19 46 devices device NNS 10170 19 47 . . . 10170 20 1 Although although IN 10170 20 2 wireless wireless JJ 10170 20 3 laptops laptop NNS 10170 20 4 purportedly purportedly RB 10170 20 5 offer offer VBP 10170 20 6 the the DT 10170 20 7 opportunity opportunity NN 10170 20 8 to to TO 10170 20 9 go go VB 10170 20 10 “ " `` 10170 20 11 anywhere anywhere RB 10170 20 12 in in IN 10170 20 13 the the DT 10170 20 14 home home NN 10170 20 15 , , , 10170 20 16 ” " '' 10170 20 17 laptops laptop NNS 10170 20 18 are be VBP 10170 20 19 generally generally RB 10170 20 20 used use VBN 10170 20 21 in in IN 10170 20 22 a a DT 10170 20 23 small small JJ 10170 20 24 set set NN 10170 20 25 of of IN 10170 20 26 locations location NNS 10170 20 27 , , , 10170 20 28 rather rather RB 10170 20 29 than than IN 10170 20 30 moving move VBG 10170 20 31 fluidly fluidly RB 10170 20 32 through through IN 10170 20 33 the the DT 10170 20 34 home home NN 10170 20 35 ; ; : 10170 20 36 wireless wireless NN 10170 20 37 laptops laptop NNS 10170 20 38 are be VBP 10170 20 39 portable portable JJ 10170 20 40 , , , 10170 20 41 but but CC 10170 20 42 not not RB 10170 20 43 mobile.7 mobile.7 CC 10170 20 44 In in IN 10170 20 45 contrast contrast NN 10170 20 46 , , , 10170 20 47 Lippincott Lippincott NNP 10170 20 48 suggested suggest VBD 10170 20 49 that that IN 10170 20 50 mobile mobile JJ 10170 20 51 devices device NNS 10170 20 52 should should MD 10170 20 53 include include VB 10170 20 54 laptops laptop NNS 10170 20 55 , , , 10170 20 56 netbooks netbook NNS 10170 20 57 , , , 10170 20 58 notebook notebook NN 10170 20 59 computers computer NNS 10170 20 60 , , , 10170 20 61 cell cell NN 10170 20 62 phones phone NNS 10170 20 63 , , , 10170 20 64 audio audio JJ 10170 20 65 players player NNS 10170 20 66 such such JJ 10170 20 67 as as IN 10170 20 68 MP3 mp3 NN 10170 20 69 players player NNS 10170 20 70 , , , 10170 20 71 cameras camera NNS 10170 20 72 , , , 10170 20 73 and and CC 10170 20 74 other other JJ 10170 20 75 items.8 items.8 NN 10170 20 76 According accord VBG 10170 20 77 to to IN 10170 20 78 the the DT 10170 20 79 “ " `` 10170 20 80 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 20 81 Strategy Strategy NNP 10170 20 82 Report Report NNP 10170 20 83 ” " '' 10170 20 84 by by IN 10170 20 85 the the DT 10170 20 86 California California NNP 10170 20 87 Digital Digital NNP 10170 20 88 Library Library NNP 10170 20 89 , , , 10170 20 90 mobile mobile JJ 10170 20 91 phones phone NNS 10170 20 92 , , , 10170 20 93 e e NNS 10170 20 94 - - NNS 10170 20 95 readers reader NNS 10170 20 96 , , , 10170 20 97 MP3 mp3 NN 10170 20 98 players player NNS 10170 20 99 , , , 10170 20 100 tablets tablet NNS 10170 20 101 , , , 10170 20 102 gaming game VBG 10170 20 103 devices device NNS 10170 20 104 , , , 10170 20 105 and and CC 10170 20 106 PDAs pda NNS 10170 20 107 are be VBP 10170 20 108 common common JJ 10170 20 109 mobile mobile JJ 10170 20 110 devices.9 devices.9 NNP 10170 20 111 Each each DT 10170 20 112 mobile mobile JJ 10170 20 113 device device NN 10170 20 114 has have VBZ 10170 20 115 its -PRON- PRP$ 10170 20 116 own own JJ 10170 20 117 characteristics characteristic NNS 10170 20 118 and and CC 10170 20 119 the the DT 10170 20 120 potential potential NN 10170 20 121 to to TO 10170 20 122 connect connect VB 10170 20 123 to to IN 10170 20 124 the the DT 10170 20 125 internet internet NN 10170 20 126 from from IN 10170 20 127 anywhere anywhere RB 10170 20 128 with with IN 10170 20 129 a a DT 10170 20 130 Wi Wi NNP 10170 20 131 - - HYPH 10170 20 132 Fi Fi NNP 10170 20 133 network network NN 10170 20 134 , , , 10170 20 135 driving drive VBG 10170 20 136 widespread widespread JJ 10170 20 137 use use NN 10170 20 138 and and CC 10170 20 139 thus thus RB 10170 20 140 the the DT 10170 20 141 provision provision NN 10170 20 142 of of IN 10170 20 143 library library JJ 10170 20 144 mobile mobile NN 10170 20 145 services service NNS 10170 20 146 . . . 10170 21 1 Mobile mobile JJ 10170 21 2 services service NNS 10170 21 3 are be VBP 10170 21 4 services service NNS 10170 21 5 libraries library NNS 10170 21 6 offer offer VBP 10170 21 7 to to IN 10170 21 8 patrons patron NNS 10170 21 9 via via IN 10170 21 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 10170 21 11 mobile mobile JJ 10170 21 12 devices device NNS 10170 21 13 . . . 10170 22 1 These these DT 10170 22 2 services service NNS 10170 22 3 as as IN 10170 22 4 described describe VBD 10170 22 5 herein herein NNP 10170 22 6 comprise comprise VB 10170 22 7 two two CD 10170 22 8 categories category NNS 10170 22 9 : : : 10170 22 10 traditional traditional JJ 10170 22 11 library library NN 10170 22 12 services service NNS 10170 22 13 modified modify VBN 10170 22 14 to to TO 10170 22 15 be be VB 10170 22 16 available available JJ 10170 22 17 via via IN 10170 22 18 mobile mobile JJ 10170 22 19 devices device NNS 10170 22 20 and and CC 10170 22 21 services service NNS 10170 22 22 created create VBN 10170 22 23 for for IN 10170 22 24 mobile mobile JJ 10170 22 25 devices.10 devices.10 NNP 10170 22 26 Pope Pope NNP 10170 22 27 et et NNP 10170 22 28 al al NNP 10170 22 29 . . . 10170 23 1 listed list VBN 10170 23 2 several several JJ 10170 23 3 mobile mobile JJ 10170 23 4 services service NNS 10170 23 5 , , , 10170 23 6 including include VBG 10170 23 7 SMS sms NN 10170 23 8 or or CC 10170 23 9 text text NN 10170 23 10 - - HYPH 10170 23 11 messaging messaging NN 10170 23 12 services service NNS 10170 23 13 , , , 10170 23 14 the the DT 10170 23 15 My -PRON- PRP$ 10170 23 16 Info Info NNP 10170 23 17 Quest Quest NNP 10170 23 18 Project Project NNP 10170 23 19 , , , 10170 23 20 digital digital JJ 10170 23 21 collections collection NNS 10170 23 22 , , , 10170 23 23 audiobooks audiobook NNS 10170 23 24 , , , 10170 23 25 applications application NNS 10170 23 26 , , , 10170 23 27 and and CC 10170 23 28 mobile mobile NN 10170 23 29 - - HYPH 10170 23 30 friendly friendly JJ 10170 23 31 websites.11 websites.11 NNP 10170 23 32 The the DT 10170 23 33 California California NNP 10170 23 34 Digital Digital NNP 10170 23 35 Library Library NNP 10170 23 36 pointed point VBD 10170 23 37 out out RP 10170 23 38 that that IN 10170 23 39 a a DT 10170 23 40 growing grow VBG 10170 23 41 number number NN 10170 23 42 of of IN 10170 23 43 university university NN 10170 23 44 and and CC 10170 23 45 public public JJ 10170 23 46 libraries library NNS 10170 23 47 are be VBP 10170 23 48 offering offer VBG 10170 23 49 mobile mobile JJ 10170 23 50 services service NNS 10170 23 51 . . . 10170 24 1 Libraries library NNS 10170 24 2 are be VBP 10170 24 3 creating create VBG 10170 24 4 mobile mobile JJ 10170 24 5 versions version NNS 10170 24 6 of of IN 10170 24 7 library library NN 10170 24 8 websites website NNS 10170 24 9 , , , 10170 24 10 using use VBG 10170 24 11 text text NN 10170 24 12 messaging messaging NN 10170 24 13 to to TO 10170 24 14 communicate communicate VB 10170 24 15 with with IN 10170 24 16 patrons patron NNS 10170 24 17 , , , 10170 24 18 developing develop VBG 10170 24 19 mobile mobile JJ 10170 24 20 catalog catalog NN 10170 24 21 searching search VBG 10170 24 22 , , , 10170 24 23 providing provide VBG 10170 24 24 access access NN 10170 24 25 to to IN 10170 24 26 resources resource NNS 10170 24 27 , , , 10170 24 28 and and CC 10170 24 29 creating create VBG 10170 24 30 new new JJ 10170 24 31 tools tool NNS 10170 24 32 and and CC 10170 24 33 services service NNS 10170 24 34 , , , 10170 24 35 particularly particularly RB 10170 24 36 for for IN 10170 24 37 mobile mobile NN 10170 24 38 devices.12 devices.12 NNP 10170 24 39 The the DT 10170 24 40 most most RBS 10170 24 41 recognized recognize VBN 10170 24 42 mobile mobile JJ 10170 24 43 services service NNS 10170 24 44 in in IN 10170 24 45 university university NN 10170 24 46 libraries library NNS 10170 24 47 are be VBP 10170 24 48 mobile mobile JJ 10170 24 49 sites site NNS 10170 24 50 , , , 10170 24 51 mobile mobile NN 10170 24 52 apps app NNS 10170 24 53 , , , 10170 24 54 mobile mobile JJ 10170 24 55 OPACs OPACs NNPS 10170 24 56 , , , 10170 24 57 mobile mobile JJ 10170 24 58 access access NN 10170 24 59 to to IN 10170 24 60 databases database NNS 10170 24 61 , , , 10170 24 62 text text NN 10170 24 63 messaging messaging NN 10170 24 64 services service NNS 10170 24 65 , , , 10170 24 66 QR QR NNP 10170 24 67 codes code NNS 10170 24 68 , , , 10170 24 69 augmented augment VBN 10170 24 70 reality reality NN 10170 24 71 , , , 10170 24 72 and and CC 10170 24 73 e e NNP 10170 24 74 - - : 10170 24 75 books.13 books.13 NNP 10170 24 76 Both both DT 10170 24 77 academic academic JJ 10170 24 78 and and CC 10170 24 79 public public JJ 10170 24 80 libraries library NNS 10170 24 81 ’ ' '' 10170 24 82 use use NN 10170 24 83 of of IN 10170 24 84 Web web NN 10170 24 85 2.0 2.0 CD 10170 24 86 applications application NNS 10170 24 87 and and CC 10170 24 88 services service NNS 10170 24 89 include include VBP 10170 24 90 blogs blog NNS 10170 24 91 , , , 10170 24 92 wikis wikis NN 10170 24 93 , , , 10170 24 94 phone phone NN 10170 24 95 apps app NNS 10170 24 96 , , , 10170 24 97 QR QR NNP 10170 24 98 codes code NNS 10170 24 99 , , , 10170 24 100 mash mash NN 10170 24 101 - - HYPH 10170 24 102 ups up NNS 10170 24 103 , , , 10170 24 104 video video NN 10170 24 105 or or CC 10170 24 106 audio audio NN 10170 24 107 sharing sharing NN 10170 24 108 , , , 10170 24 109 customized customized JJ 10170 24 110 webpages webpage NNS 10170 24 111 , , , 10170 24 112 social social JJ 10170 24 113 media medium NNS 10170 24 114 and and CC 10170 24 115 social social JJ 10170 24 116 networking networking NN 10170 24 117 , , , 10170 24 118 and and CC 10170 24 119 types type NNS 10170 24 120 of of IN 10170 24 121 social social JJ 10170 24 122 tagging.14 tagging.14 NNP 10170 24 123 This this DT 10170 24 124 study study NN 10170 24 125 focuses focus VBZ 10170 24 126 on on IN 10170 24 127 the the DT 10170 24 128 two two CD 10170 24 129 most most RBS 10170 24 130 common common JJ 10170 24 131 mobile mobile JJ 10170 24 132 devices device NNS 10170 24 133 , , , 10170 24 134 mobile mobile JJ 10170 24 135 phones phone NNS 10170 24 136 and and CC 10170 24 137 tablets tablet NNS 10170 24 138 , , , 10170 24 139 and and CC 10170 24 140 on on IN 10170 24 141 the the DT 10170 24 142 services service NNS 10170 24 143 provided provide VBN 10170 24 144 to to IN 10170 24 145 library library JJ 10170 24 146 patrons patron NNS 10170 24 147 and and CC 10170 24 148 local local JJ 10170 24 149 communities community NNS 10170 24 150 through through IN 10170 24 151 mobile mobile JJ 10170 24 152 websites website NNS 10170 24 153 , , , 10170 24 154 mobile mobile NN 10170 24 155 apps app NNS 10170 24 156 , , , 10170 24 157 and and CC 10170 24 158 mobile mobile NN 10170 24 159 catalogs catalog NNS 10170 24 160 . . . 10170 25 1 Status status NN 10170 25 2 of of IN 10170 25 3 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 25 4 Services Services NNPS 10170 25 5 in in IN 10170 25 6 US US NNP 10170 25 7 Libraries Libraries NNP 10170 25 8 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 25 9 devices device VBZ 10170 25 10 present present VBP 10170 25 11 a a DT 10170 25 12 new new JJ 10170 25 13 and and CC 10170 25 14 exciting exciting JJ 10170 25 15 opportunity opportunity NN 10170 25 16 for for IN 10170 25 17 libraries library NNS 10170 25 18 of of IN 10170 25 19 all all DT 10170 25 20 types type NNS 10170 25 21 to to TO 10170 25 22 provide provide VB 10170 25 23 information information NN 10170 25 24 to to IN 10170 25 25 people people NNS 10170 25 26 of of IN 10170 25 27 all all DT 10170 25 28 ages age NNS 10170 25 29 on on IN 10170 25 30 the the DT 10170 25 31 go go NN 10170 25 32 , , , 10170 25 33 wherever wherever WRB 10170 25 34 they -PRON- PRP 10170 25 35 are.15 are.15 VBP 10170 25 36 It -PRON- PRP 10170 25 37 is be VBZ 10170 25 38 generally generally RB 10170 25 39 observed observe VBN 10170 25 40 that that IN 10170 25 41 there there EX 10170 25 42 is be VBZ 10170 25 43 an an DT 10170 25 44 increased increase VBN 10170 25 45 use use NN 10170 25 46 of of IN 10170 25 47 mobile mobile JJ 10170 25 48 technology technology NN 10170 25 49 in in IN 10170 25 50 the the DT 10170 25 51 library library NN 10170 25 52 environment environment NN 10170 25 53 . . . 10170 26 1 INFORMATION INFORMATION NNP 10170 26 2 TECHNOLOGY technology NN 10170 26 3 AND and CC 10170 26 4 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 10170 26 5 | | NNP 10170 26 6 JUNE JUNE NNP 10170 26 7 2018 2018 CD 10170 26 8 80 80 CD 10170 26 9 Librarians Librarians NNPS 10170 26 10 see see VBP 10170 26 11 their -PRON- PRP$ 10170 26 12 users user NNS 10170 26 13 increasingly increasingly RB 10170 26 14 using use VBG 10170 26 15 mobile mobile JJ 10170 26 16 phones phone NNS 10170 26 17 instead instead RB 10170 26 18 of of IN 10170 26 19 laptops laptop NNS 10170 26 20 and and CC 10170 26 21 desktop desktop NN 10170 26 22 computers computer NNS 10170 26 23 to to TO 10170 26 24 search search VB 10170 26 25 the the DT 10170 26 26 catalog catalog NN 10170 26 27 , , , 10170 26 28 check check VB 10170 26 29 the the DT 10170 26 30 library library NN 10170 26 31 ’s ’s POS 10170 26 32 opening opening NN 10170 26 33 hours hour NNS 10170 26 34 , , , 10170 26 35 and and CC 10170 26 36 maintain maintain VB 10170 26 37 contact contact NN 10170 26 38 with with IN 10170 26 39 library library NN 10170 26 40 staff.16 staff.16 NNP 10170 26 41 In in IN 10170 26 42 an an DT 10170 26 43 earlier early JJR 10170 26 44 investigation investigation NN 10170 26 45 of of IN 10170 26 46 766 766 CD 10170 26 47 librarians librarian NNS 10170 26 48 , , , 10170 26 49 Spires Spires NNP 10170 26 50 found find VBD 10170 26 51 that that IN 10170 26 52 there there EX 10170 26 53 was be VBD 10170 26 54 very very RB 10170 26 55 little little JJ 10170 26 56 demand demand NN 10170 26 57 for for IN 10170 26 58 services service NNS 10170 26 59 for for IN 10170 26 60 mobile mobile JJ 10170 26 61 devices device NNS 10170 26 62 as as IN 10170 26 63 of of IN 10170 26 64 August August NNP 10170 26 65 2007 2007 CD 10170 26 66 . . . 10170 27 1 At at IN 10170 27 2 that that DT 10170 27 3 time time NN 10170 27 4 , , , 10170 27 5 relatively relatively RB 10170 27 6 few few JJ 10170 27 7 libraries library NNS 10170 27 8 ( ( -LRB- 10170 27 9 18 18 CD 10170 27 10 % % NN 10170 27 11 ) ) -RRB- 10170 27 12 purchased purchase VBN 10170 27 13 content content NN 10170 27 14 specifically specifically RB 10170 27 15 for for IN 10170 27 16 wireless wireless JJ 10170 27 17 handheld handheld JJ 10170 27 18 device device NN 10170 27 19 use use NN 10170 27 20 , , , 10170 27 21 and and CC 10170 27 22 very very RB 10170 27 23 few few JJ 10170 27 24 libraries library NNS 10170 27 25 ( ( -LRB- 10170 27 26 15 15 CD 10170 27 27 % % NN 10170 27 28 ) ) -RRB- 10170 27 29 reformatted reformatte VBN 10170 27 30 content content NN 10170 27 31 for for IN 10170 27 32 these these DT 10170 27 33 devices.17 devices.17 NNP 10170 27 34 However however RB 10170 27 35 , , , 10170 27 36 a a DT 10170 27 37 survey survey NN 10170 27 38 of of IN 10170 27 39 public public JJ 10170 27 40 libraries library NNS 10170 27 41 completed complete VBN 10170 27 42 by by IN 10170 27 43 the the DT 10170 27 44 American American NNP 10170 27 45 Library Library NNP 10170 27 46 Association Association NNP 10170 27 47 between between IN 10170 27 48 September September NNP 10170 27 49 and and CC 10170 27 50 November November NNP 10170 27 51 2011 2011 CD 10170 27 52 indicated indicate VBD 10170 27 53 interesting interesting JJ 10170 27 54 changes change NNS 10170 27 55 : : : 10170 27 56 15 15 CD 10170 27 57 % % NN 10170 27 58 of of IN 10170 27 59 library library NN 10170 27 60 websites website NNS 10170 27 61 are be VBP 10170 27 62 optimized optimize VBN 10170 27 63 for for IN 10170 27 64 mobile mobile JJ 10170 27 65 devices device NNS 10170 27 66 , , , 10170 27 67 and and CC 10170 27 68 12 12 CD 10170 27 69 % % NN 10170 27 70 of of IN 10170 27 71 libraries library NNS 10170 27 72 use use VBP 10170 27 73 scanned scan VBN 10170 27 74 codes code NNS 10170 27 75 ( ( -LRB- 10170 27 76 e.g. e.g. RB 10170 28 1 QR QR NNP 10170 28 2 codes code NNS 10170 28 3 ) ) -RRB- 10170 28 4 , , , 10170 28 5 and and CC 10170 28 6 7 7 CD 10170 28 7 % % NN 10170 28 8 of of IN 10170 28 9 libraries library NNS 10170 28 10 have have VBP 10170 28 11 developed develop VBN 10170 28 12 smartphone smartphone NN 10170 28 13 applications application NNS 10170 28 14 for for IN 10170 28 15 access access NN 10170 28 16 to to IN 10170 28 17 library library NN 10170 28 18 services service NNS 10170 28 19 ; ; : 10170 28 20 36 36 CD 10170 28 21 % % NN 10170 28 22 of of IN 10170 28 23 urban urban JJ 10170 28 24 libraries library NNS 10170 28 25 have have VBP 10170 28 26 websites website NNS 10170 28 27 optimized optimize VBN 10170 28 28 for for IN 10170 28 29 mobile mobile JJ 10170 28 30 devices device NNS 10170 28 31 , , , 10170 28 32 compared compare VBN 10170 28 33 to to IN 10170 28 34 9 9 CD 10170 28 35 % % NN 10170 28 36 of of IN 10170 28 37 rural rural JJ 10170 28 38 libraries library NNS 10170 28 39 ; ; : 10170 28 40 76 76 CD 10170 28 41 % % NN 10170 28 42 of of IN 10170 28 43 libraries library NNS 10170 28 44 offer offer VBP 10170 28 45 access access NN 10170 28 46 to to IN 10170 28 47 e e NN 10170 28 48 - - HYPH 10170 28 49 books book NNS 10170 28 50 ; ; : 10170 28 51 70 70 CD 10170 28 52 % % NN 10170 28 53 of of IN 10170 28 54 libraries library NNS 10170 28 55 use use VBP 10170 28 56 social social JJ 10170 28 57 networking networking NN 10170 28 58 tools tool NNS 10170 28 59 such such JJ 10170 28 60 as as IN 10170 28 61 Facebook Facebook NNP 10170 28 62 . . . 10170 29 1 18 18 CD 10170 29 2 Later later JJ 10170 29 3 studies study NNS 10170 29 4 revealed reveal VBD 10170 29 5 more more RBR 10170 29 6 significant significant JJ 10170 29 7 changes change NNS 10170 29 8 . . . 10170 30 1 99 99 CD 10170 30 2 Association Association NNP 10170 30 3 of of IN 10170 30 4 Research Research NNP 10170 30 5 Libraries Libraries NNP 10170 30 6 member member NN 10170 30 7 libraries library NNS 10170 30 8 were be VBD 10170 30 9 surveyed survey VBN 10170 30 10 in in IN 10170 30 11 2012 2012 CD 10170 30 12 to to TO 10170 30 13 identify identify VB 10170 30 14 how how WRB 10170 30 15 many many JJ 10170 30 16 had have VBD 10170 30 17 optimized optimize VBN 10170 30 18 at at IN 10170 30 19 least least JJS 10170 30 20 some some DT 10170 30 21 services service NNS 10170 30 22 for for IN 10170 30 23 the the DT 10170 30 24 mobile mobile JJ 10170 30 25 web web NN 10170 30 26 . . . 10170 31 1 Apps app NNS 10170 31 2 were be VBD 10170 31 3 not not RB 10170 31 4 investigated investigate VBN 10170 31 5 . . . 10170 32 1 The the DT 10170 32 2 result result NN 10170 32 3 showed show VBD 10170 32 4 that that IN 10170 32 5 83 83 CD 10170 32 6 libraries library NNS 10170 32 7 ( ( -LRB- 10170 32 8 84 84 CD 10170 32 9 % % NN 10170 32 10 ) ) -RRB- 10170 32 11 had have VBD 10170 32 12 a a DT 10170 32 13 mobile mobile JJ 10170 32 14 website.19 website.19 NNP 10170 32 15 A a DT 10170 32 16 study study NN 10170 32 17 in in IN 10170 32 18 2015 2015 CD 10170 32 19 by by IN 10170 32 20 Liu Liu NNP 10170 32 21 and and CC 10170 32 22 Briggs Briggs NNP 10170 32 23 showed show VBD 10170 32 24 that that IN 10170 32 25 the the DT 10170 32 26 top top JJ 10170 32 27 100 100 CD 10170 32 28 university university NN 10170 32 29 libraries library NNS 10170 32 30 in in IN 10170 32 31 the the DT 10170 32 32 United United NNP 10170 32 33 States States NNP 10170 32 34 offered offer VBD 10170 32 35 one one CD 10170 32 36 or or CC 10170 32 37 more more RBR 10170 32 38 mobile mobile JJ 10170 32 39 services service NNS 10170 32 40 , , , 10170 32 41 with with IN 10170 32 42 mobile mobile JJ 10170 32 43 websites website NNS 10170 32 44 , , , 10170 32 45 mobile mobile JJ 10170 32 46 access access NN 10170 32 47 to to IN 10170 32 48 the the DT 10170 32 49 library library NN 10170 32 50 catalog catalog NN 10170 32 51 , , , 10170 32 52 mobile mobile JJ 10170 32 53 access access NN 10170 32 54 to to IN 10170 32 55 the the DT 10170 32 56 library library NN 10170 32 57 ’s ’s POS 10170 32 58 databases database NNS 10170 32 59 , , , 10170 32 60 e e NNP 10170 32 61 - - HYPH 10170 32 62 books book NNS 10170 32 63 , , , 10170 32 64 and and CC 10170 32 65 text text NN 10170 32 66 messaging messaging NN 10170 32 67 services service NNS 10170 32 68 being be VBG 10170 32 69 the the DT 10170 32 70 most most RBS 10170 32 71 common common JJ 10170 32 72 . . . 10170 33 1 QR QR NNP 10170 33 2 codes code NNS 10170 33 3 and and CC 10170 33 4 augmented augment VBN 10170 33 5 reality reality NN 10170 33 6 were be VBD 10170 33 7 less less JJR 10170 33 8 common.20 common.20 NNP 10170 33 9 Kim Kim NNP 10170 33 10 noted note VBD 10170 33 11 that that IN 10170 33 12 “ " `` 10170 33 13 libraries library NNS 10170 33 14 are be VBP 10170 33 15 acknowledging acknowledge VBG 10170 33 16 that that IN 10170 33 17 people people NNS 10170 33 18 expect expect VBP 10170 33 19 to to TO 10170 33 20 do do VB 10170 33 21 just just RB 10170 33 22 about about IN 10170 33 23 everything everything NN 10170 33 24 on on IN 10170 33 25 mobile mobile JJ 10170 33 26 devices device NNS 10170 33 27 and and CC 10170 33 28 that that IN 10170 33 29 more more JJR 10170 33 30 and and CC 10170 33 31 more more JJR 10170 33 32 people people NNS 10170 33 33 are be VBP 10170 33 34 now now RB 10170 33 35 using use VBG 10170 33 36 a a DT 10170 33 37 mobile mobile JJ 10170 33 38 device device NN 10170 33 39 as as IN 10170 33 40 their -PRON- PRP$ 10170 33 41 primary primary JJ 10170 33 42 access access NN 10170 33 43 point point NN 10170 33 44 for for IN 10170 33 45 the the DT 10170 33 46 Web web NN 10170 33 47 . . . 10170 33 48 ”21 ”21 NNP 10170 33 49 Although although IN 10170 33 50 librarians librarian NNS 10170 33 51 may may MD 10170 33 52 have have VB 10170 33 53 previously previously RB 10170 33 54 underestimated underestimate VBN 10170 33 55 what what WP 10170 33 56 people people NNS 10170 33 57 wanted want VBD 10170 33 58 to to TO 10170 33 59 do do VB 10170 33 60 using use VBG 10170 33 61 mobile mobile JJ 10170 33 62 devices device NNS 10170 33 63 , , , 10170 33 64 there there EX 10170 33 65 is be VBZ 10170 33 66 a a DT 10170 33 67 growing grow VBG 10170 33 68 understanding understanding NN 10170 33 69 of of IN 10170 33 70 the the DT 10170 33 71 potential potential NN 10170 33 72 of of IN 10170 33 73 these these DT 10170 33 74 access access NN 10170 33 75 points point NNS 10170 33 76 . . . 10170 34 1 RESEARCH research NN 10170 34 2 DESIGN design NN 10170 34 3 Survey survey NN 10170 34 4 Samples sample NNS 10170 34 5 While while IN 10170 34 6 a a DT 10170 34 7 growing grow VBG 10170 34 8 number number NN 10170 34 9 of of IN 10170 34 10 users user NNS 10170 34 11 tend tend VBP 10170 34 12 to to TO 10170 34 13 access access VB 10170 34 14 information information NN 10170 34 15 remotely remotely RB 10170 34 16 , , , 10170 34 17 urban urban JJ 10170 34 18 libraries library NNS 10170 34 19 , , , 10170 34 20 as as IN 10170 34 21 the the DT 10170 34 22 most most RBS 10170 34 23 popular popular JJ 10170 34 24 public public JJ 10170 34 25 - - HYPH 10170 34 26 sector sector NN 10170 34 27 institutions institution NNS 10170 34 28 and and CC 10170 34 29 community community NN 10170 34 30 centers center NNS 10170 34 31 , , , 10170 34 32 are be VBP 10170 34 33 facing face VBG 10170 34 34 great great JJ 10170 34 35 challenges challenge NNS 10170 34 36 in in IN 10170 34 37 addressing address VBG 10170 34 38 the the DT 10170 34 39 growing grow VBG 10170 34 40 need need NN 10170 34 41 for for IN 10170 34 42 mobile mobile JJ 10170 34 43 services service NNS 10170 34 44 . . . 10170 35 1 The the DT 10170 35 2 Urban Urban NNP 10170 35 3 Libraries Libraries NNPS 10170 35 4 Council Council NNP 10170 35 5 ( ( -LRB- 10170 35 6 ULC ULC NNP 10170 35 7 ) ) -RRB- 10170 35 8 ( ( -LRB- 10170 35 9 https://www.urbanlibraries.org https://www.urbanlibraries.org ADD 10170 35 10 ) ) -RRB- 10170 35 11 , , , 10170 35 12 as as IN 10170 35 13 an an DT 10170 35 14 authoritative authoritative JJ 10170 35 15 source source NN 10170 35 16 founded found VBN 10170 35 17 in in IN 10170 35 18 1971 1971 CD 10170 35 19 , , , 10170 35 20 is be VBZ 10170 35 21 the the DT 10170 35 22 premier premier NNP 10170 35 23 membership membership NNP 10170 35 24 association association NNP 10170 35 25 of of IN 10170 35 26 North North NNP 10170 35 27 America America NNP 10170 35 28 ’s ’s POS 10170 35 29 leading lead VBG 10170 35 30 public public JJ 10170 35 31 library library NN 10170 35 32 systems system NNS 10170 35 33 . . . 10170 36 1 ULC ULC NNP 10170 36 2 ’s ’s POS 10170 36 3 member member NN 10170 36 4 libraries library NNS 10170 36 5 are be VBP 10170 36 6 in in IN 10170 36 7 communities community NNS 10170 36 8 throughout throughout IN 10170 36 9 the the DT 10170 36 10 United United NNP 10170 36 11 States States NNP 10170 36 12 and and CC 10170 36 13 Canada Canada NNP 10170 36 14 , , , 10170 36 15 comprising comprise VBG 10170 36 16 a a DT 10170 36 17 mix mix NN 10170 36 18 of of IN 10170 36 19 institutions institution NNS 10170 36 20 with with IN 10170 36 21 varying vary VBG 10170 36 22 revenue revenue NN 10170 36 23 sources source NNS 10170 36 24 and and CC 10170 36 25 governance governance NN 10170 36 26 structures structure NNS 10170 36 27 , , , 10170 36 28 and and CC 10170 36 29 serving serve VBG 10170 36 30 communities community NNS 10170 36 31 with with IN 10170 36 32 populations population NNS 10170 36 33 of of IN 10170 36 34 differing differ VBG 10170 36 35 sizes size NNS 10170 36 36 . . . 10170 37 1 ULC ULC NNP 10170 37 2 ’s ’s POS 10170 37 3 website website NN 10170 37 4 lists list VBZ 10170 37 5 145 145 CD 10170 37 6 US US NNP 10170 37 7 and and CC 10170 37 8 Canadian canadian JJ 10170 37 9 urban urban JJ 10170 37 10 libraries library NNS 10170 37 11 . . . 10170 38 1 Since since IN 10170 38 2 this this DT 10170 38 3 study study NN 10170 38 4 focused focus VBD 10170 38 5 only only RB 10170 38 6 on on IN 10170 38 7 US US NNP 10170 38 8 urban urban JJ 10170 38 9 libraries library NNS 10170 38 10 , , , 10170 38 11 138 138 CD 10170 38 12 libraries library NNS 10170 38 13 were be VBD 10170 38 14 chosen choose VBN 10170 38 15 as as IN 10170 38 16 the the DT 10170 38 17 study study NN 10170 38 18 targets target NNS 10170 38 19 , , , 10170 38 20 and and CC 10170 38 21 all all DT 10170 38 22 were be VBD 10170 38 23 examined examine VBN 10170 38 24 . . . 10170 39 1 https://www.urbanlibraries.org/ https://www.urbanlibraries.org/ `` 10170 39 2 THE the DT 10170 39 3 PROVISION PROVISION NNP 10170 39 4 OF of IN 10170 39 5 MOBILE MOBILE NNP 10170 39 6 SERVICES SERVICES NNP 10170 39 7 IN in IN 10170 39 8 US US NNP 10170 39 9 URBAN URBAN NNP 10170 39 10 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 10170 39 11 | | NNP 10170 39 12 GUO GUO NNP 10170 39 13 , , , 10170 39 14 LIU LIU NNP 10170 39 15 , , , 10170 39 16 AND and CC 10170 39 17 BIELEFIELD BIELEFIELD NNP 10170 39 18 81 81 CD 10170 39 19 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i2.10170 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i2.10170 NN 10170 39 20 Table table NN 10170 39 21 1 1 CD 10170 39 22 . . . 10170 40 1 The the DT 10170 40 2 survey survey NN 10170 40 3 and and CC 10170 40 4 examples example NNS 10170 40 5 of of IN 10170 40 6 survey survey NN 10170 40 7 results result NNS 10170 40 8 . . . 10170 41 1 Contents Contents NNP 10170 41 2 Options Options NNPS 10170 41 3 Example Example NNP 10170 41 4 No.1 no.1 NN 10170 41 5 : : : 10170 41 6 Pima Pima NNP 10170 41 7 County County NNP 10170 41 8 Public Public NNP 10170 41 9 Library Library NNP 10170 41 10 … … NFP 10170 41 11 Example example NN 10170 41 12 No.138 no.138 NN 10170 41 13 : : : 10170 41 14 Milwaukee Milwaukee NNP 10170 41 15 Public Public NNP 10170 41 16 Library Library NNP 10170 41 17 Components Components NNP 10170 41 18 of of IN 10170 41 19 mobile mobile JJ 10170 41 20 websites website NNS 10170 41 21 1 1 CD 10170 41 22 Account Account NNP 10170 41 23 login login NN 10170 41 24 ; ; : 10170 41 25 2 2 CD 10170 41 26 Catalog catalog NN 10170 41 27 search search NN 10170 41 28 ; ; : 10170 41 29 3 3 CD 10170 41 30 Contact contact NN 10170 41 31 us -PRON- PRP 10170 41 32 ; ; : 10170 41 33 4 4 CD 10170 41 34 Downloadables downloadable NNS 10170 41 35 ; ; : 10170 41 36 5 5 CD 10170 41 37 Events event NNS 10170 41 38 ; ; : 10170 41 39 6 6 CD 10170 41 40 Interlibrary interlibrary JJ 10170 41 41 loan loan NN 10170 41 42 ; ; : 10170 41 43 7 7 CD 10170 41 44 Kids Kids NNPS 10170 41 45 & & CC 10170 41 46 teens teen NNS 10170 41 47 ; ; : 10170 41 48 8 8 CD 10170 41 49 Locations location NNS 10170 41 50 and and CC 10170 41 51 hours hour NNS 10170 41 52 ; ; : 10170 41 53 9 9 CD 10170 41 54 Meeting Meeting NNP 10170 41 55 room room NN 10170 41 56 ; ; : 10170 41 57 10 10 CD 10170 41 58 Recent recent JJ 10170 41 59 arrivals arrival NNS 10170 41 60 ; ; : 10170 41 61 11 11 CD 10170 41 62 Recommendations recommendation NNS 10170 41 63 ; ; : 10170 41 64 12 12 CD 10170 41 65 Social social JJ 10170 41 66 media medium NNS 10170 41 67 ; ; : 10170 41 68 13 13 CD 10170 41 69 Suggest suggest VBP 10170 41 70 a a DT 10170 41 71 purchase purchase NN 10170 41 72 ; ; : 10170 41 73 14 14 CD 10170 41 74 Support support NN 10170 41 75 1 1 CD 10170 41 76 , , , 10170 41 77 2 2 CD 10170 41 78 , , , 10170 41 79 3 3 CD 10170 41 80 , , , 10170 41 81 4 4 CD 10170 41 82 , , , 10170 41 83 5 5 CD 10170 41 84 , , , 10170 41 85 7 7 CD 10170 41 86 , , , 10170 41 87 8 8 CD 10170 41 88 , , , 10170 41 89 9 9 CD 10170 41 90 , , , 10170 41 91 10 10 CD 10170 41 92 , , , 10170 41 93 12 12 CD 10170 41 94 , , , 10170 41 95 13 13 CD 10170 41 96 , , , 10170 41 97 14 14 CD 10170 41 98 . . . 10170 42 1 1 1 CD 10170 42 2 , , , 10170 42 3 2 2 CD 10170 42 4 , , , 10170 42 5 3 3 CD 10170 42 6 , , , 10170 42 7 4 4 CD 10170 42 8 , , , 10170 42 9 5 5 CD 10170 42 10 , , , 10170 42 11 7 7 CD 10170 42 12 , , , 10170 42 13 8 8 CD 10170 42 14 , , , 10170 42 15 9 9 CD 10170 42 16 , , , 10170 42 17 12 12 CD 10170 42 18 , , , 10170 42 19 13 13 CD 10170 42 20 , , , 10170 42 21 14 14 CD 10170 42 22 . . . 10170 43 1 Components component NNS 10170 43 2 of of IN 10170 43 3 mobile mobile NN 10170 43 4 apps app NNS 10170 43 5 1 1 CD 10170 43 6 Account Account NNP 10170 43 7 login login NN 10170 43 8 ; ; : 10170 43 9 2 2 CD 10170 43 10 Barcode Barcode NNP 10170 43 11 Wallet Wallet NNP 10170 43 12 ; ; : 10170 43 13 3 3 CD 10170 43 14 Bestsellers Bestsellers NNPS 10170 43 15 ; ; : 10170 43 16 4 4 CD 10170 43 17 Catalog catalog NN 10170 43 18 search search NN 10170 43 19 ; ; : 10170 43 20 5 5 CD 10170 43 21 Contact contact NN 10170 43 22 us -PRON- PRP 10170 43 23 ; ; : 10170 43 24 6 6 CD 10170 43 25 Downloadables downloadable NNS 10170 43 26 ; ; : 10170 43 27 7 7 CD 10170 43 28 Events event NNS 10170 43 29 ; ; : 10170 43 30 8 8 CD 10170 43 31 Full full JJ 10170 43 32 website website NN 10170 43 33 ; ; : 10170 43 34 9 9 CD 10170 43 35 Interlibrary interlibrary JJ 10170 43 36 loan loan NN 10170 43 37 ; ; : 10170 43 38 10 10 CD 10170 43 39 Just just RB 10170 43 40 ordered order VBN 10170 43 41 ; ; : 10170 43 42 11 11 CD 10170 43 43 Kids kid NNS 10170 43 44 & & CC 10170 43 45 teens teen NNS 10170 43 46 ; ; : 10170 43 47 12 12 CD 10170 43 48 Locations location NNS 10170 43 49 and and CC 10170 43 50 hours hour NNS 10170 43 51 ; ; : 10170 43 52 13 13 CD 10170 43 53 Meeting meeting NN 10170 43 54 room room NN 10170 43 55 ; ; : 10170 43 56 14 14 CD 10170 43 57 My -PRON- PRP$ 10170 43 58 Bookshelf bookshelf PRP 10170 43 59 ; ; : 10170 43 60 15 15 CD 10170 43 61 My -PRON- PRP$ 10170 43 62 library library NN 10170 43 63 ; ; : 10170 43 64 16 16 CD 10170 43 65 Pay pay NN 10170 43 66 fines fine NNS 10170 43 67 ; ; : 10170 43 68 17 17 CD 10170 43 69 Popular Popular NNP 10170 43 70 this this DT 10170 43 71 week week NN 10170 43 72 ; ; : 10170 43 73 18 18 CD 10170 43 74 Recent recent JJ 10170 43 75 arrivals arrival NNS 10170 43 76 ; ; : 10170 43 77 19 19 CD 10170 43 78 Recommendations recommendation NNS 10170 43 79 ; ; : 10170 43 80 20 20 CD 10170 43 81 Scan Scan NNP 10170 43 82 ISBN ISBN NNP 10170 43 83 ; ; : 10170 43 84 21 21 CD 10170 43 85 Social social JJ 10170 43 86 media medium NNS 10170 43 87 ; ; : 10170 43 88 22 22 CD 10170 43 89 Suggest suggest VBP 10170 43 90 a a DT 10170 43 91 purchase purchase NN 10170 43 92 ; ; : 10170 43 93 21 21 CD 10170 43 94 Support support NN 10170 43 95 1 1 CD 10170 43 96 , , , 10170 43 97 4 4 CD 10170 43 98 , , , 10170 43 99 5 5 CD 10170 43 100 , , , 10170 43 101 6 6 CD 10170 43 102 , , , 10170 43 103 7 7 CD 10170 43 104 , , , 10170 43 105 8 8 CD 10170 43 106 , , , 10170 43 107 12 12 CD 10170 43 108 , , , 10170 43 109 15 15 CD 10170 43 110 , , , 10170 43 111 18 18 CD 10170 43 112 , , , 10170 43 113 20 20 CD 10170 43 114 , , , 10170 43 115 21 21 CD 10170 43 116 . . . 10170 44 1 1 1 CD 10170 44 2 , , , 10170 44 3 4 4 CD 10170 44 4 , , , 10170 44 5 5 5 CD 10170 44 6 , , , 10170 44 7 6 6 CD 10170 44 8 , , , 10170 44 9 7 7 CD 10170 44 10 , , , 10170 44 11 8 8 CD 10170 44 12 , , , 10170 44 13 12 12 CD 10170 44 14 , , , 10170 44 15 17 17 CD 10170 44 16 , , , 10170 44 17 20 20 CD 10170 44 18 , , , 10170 44 19 21 21 CD 10170 44 20 . . . 10170 45 1 Mobile mobile JJ 10170 45 2 reference reference NN 10170 45 3 services service NNS 10170 45 4 1 1 CD 10170 45 5 Chat Chat NNP 10170 45 6 / / SYM 10170 45 7 IM IM NNP 10170 45 8 ; ; : 10170 45 9 2 2 CD 10170 45 10 Social Social NNP 10170 45 11 Medias Medias NNPS 10170 45 12 ; ; : 10170 45 13 3 3 CD 10170 45 14 Text Text NNP 10170 45 15 / / SYM 10170 45 16 SMS SMS NNP 10170 45 17 ; ; : 10170 45 18 4 4 CD 10170 45 19 Web web NN 10170 45 20 Form Form NNP 10170 45 21 -- -- : 10170 45 22 1 1 CD 10170 45 23 , , , 10170 45 24 3 3 CD 10170 45 25 , , , 10170 45 26 4 4 CD 10170 45 27 . . . 10170 46 1 Social social JJ 10170 46 2 media medium NNS 10170 46 3 1 1 CD 10170 46 4 Blog blog NN 10170 46 5 ; ; : 10170 46 6 2 2 CD 10170 46 7 Facebook Facebook NNP 10170 46 8 ; ; : 10170 46 9 3 3 CD 10170 46 10 Flickr flickr NN 10170 46 11 ; ; : 10170 46 12 4 4 CD 10170 46 13 Goodreads Goodreads NNPS 10170 46 14 ; ; : 10170 46 15 5 5 CD 10170 46 16 Google+ Google+ NNP 10170 46 17 ; ; : 10170 46 18 6 6 CD 10170 46 19 Instagram Instagram NNP 10170 46 20 ; ; : 10170 46 21 7 7 CD 10170 46 22 LinkedIn linkedin CD 10170 46 23 ; ; : 10170 46 24 8 8 CD 10170 46 25 Pinterest pinter JJS 10170 46 26 ; ; : 10170 46 27 9 9 CD 10170 46 28 Tumblr tumblr NN 10170 46 29 ; ; : 10170 46 30 10 10 CD 10170 46 31 Twitter twitter NN 10170 46 32 ; ; : 10170 46 33 11 11 CD 10170 46 34 YouTube YouTube NNP 10170 46 35 1 1 CD 10170 46 36 , , , 10170 46 37 2 2 CD 10170 46 38 , , , 10170 46 39 3 3 CD 10170 46 40 , , , 10170 46 41 6 6 CD 10170 46 42 , , , 10170 46 43 8 8 CD 10170 46 44 , , , 10170 46 45 10 10 CD 10170 46 46 , , , 10170 46 47 11 11 CD 10170 46 48 . . . 10170 47 1 1 1 CD 10170 47 2 , , , 10170 47 3 2 2 CD 10170 47 4 , , , 10170 47 5 6 6 CD 10170 47 6 , , , 10170 47 7 8 8 CD 10170 47 8 , , , 10170 47 9 10 10 CD 10170 47 10 . . . 10170 48 1 Mobile mobile JJ 10170 48 2 reservation reservation NN 10170 48 3 services service NNS 10170 48 4 1 1 CD 10170 48 5 Reserve reserve NN 10170 48 6 a a DT 10170 48 7 computer computer NN 10170 48 8 ; ; : 10170 48 9 2 2 CD 10170 48 10 Reserve Reserve NNP 10170 48 11 a a DT 10170 48 12 librarian librarian NN 10170 48 13 ; ; : 10170 48 14 3 3 CD 10170 48 15 Reserve Reserve NNP 10170 48 16 a a DT 10170 48 17 meeting meeting NN 10170 48 18 room room NN 10170 48 19 ; ; : 10170 48 20 4 4 CD 10170 48 21 Reserve Reserve NNP 10170 48 22 a a DT 10170 48 23 museum museum NN 10170 48 24 pass pass NN 10170 48 25 ; ; : 10170 48 26 5 5 CD 10170 48 27 Reserve Reserve NNP 10170 48 28 a a DT 10170 48 29 study study NN 10170 48 30 room room NN 10170 48 31 ; ; : 10170 48 32 6 6 CD 10170 48 33 Reserve reserve NN 10170 48 34 exhibit exhibit NN 10170 48 35 space space NN 10170 48 36 -- -- : 10170 48 37 3 3 CD 10170 48 38 . . . 10170 49 1 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 49 2 printing printing NN 10170 49 3 1 1 CD 10170 49 4 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 49 5 printing printing NN 10170 49 6 ; ; : 10170 49 7 2 2 CD 10170 49 8 No no DT 10170 49 9 mobile/ mobile/ NN 10170 49 10 Wi Wi NNP 10170 49 11 - - HYPH 10170 49 12 Fi Fi NNP 10170 49 13 printing printing NN 10170 49 14 ; ; : 10170 49 15 3 3 CD 10170 49 16 Wi- Wi- NNP 10170 49 17 Fi Fi NNP 10170 49 18 printing print VBG 10170 49 19 3 3 CD 10170 49 20 . . . 10170 50 1 2 2 LS 10170 50 2 . . . 10170 51 1 Apps app NNS 10170 51 2 or or CC 10170 51 3 databases database VBZ 10170 51 4 1 1 CD 10170 51 5 Axis Axis NNP 10170 51 6 360 360 CD 10170 51 7 ; ; : 10170 51 8 2 2 CD 10170 51 9 BiblioBoard BiblioBoard NNP 10170 51 10 ; ; : 10170 51 11 3 3 CD 10170 51 12 BookFlix;4 BookFlix;4 NNP 10170 51 13 Brainfuse Brainfuse NNP 10170 51 14 ; ; : 10170 51 15 5 5 CD 10170 51 16 Career Career NNP 10170 51 17 Transitions Transitions NNPS 10170 51 18 ; ; : 10170 51 19 6 6 CD 10170 51 20 Cloud Cloud NNP 10170 51 21 Library Library NNP 10170 51 22 ; ; : 10170 51 23 7 7 LS 10170 51 24 Driving driving NN 10170 51 25 -Tests.org -Tests.org : 10170 51 26 ; ; : 10170 51 27 8 8 CD 10170 51 28 EBSCOhost ebscohost NN 10170 51 29 ; ; : 10170 51 30 9 9 CD 10170 51 31 Flipster flipster NN 10170 51 32 ; ; : 10170 51 33 10 10 CD 10170 51 34 Freading freading NN 10170 51 35 ; ; : 10170 51 36 11 11 CD 10170 51 37 Freegal Freegal NNP 10170 51 38 ; ; : 10170 51 39 12 12 CD 10170 51 40 Gale Gale NNP 10170 51 41 Virtual Virtual NNP 10170 51 42 ; ; : 10170 51 43 13 13 CD 10170 51 44 Hoopla Hoopla NNP 10170 51 45 ; ; : 10170 51 46 14 14 CD 10170 51 47 Instant Instant NNP 10170 51 48 Flix Flix NNP 10170 51 49 ; ; : 10170 51 50 15 15 CD 10170 51 51 Learning Learning NNP 10170 51 52 Express Express NNP 10170 51 53 ; ; : 10170 51 54 16 16 CD 10170 51 55 Lynda.com Lynda.com NNP 10170 51 56 ; ; : 10170 51 57 17 17 CD 10170 51 58 Mango Mango NNP 10170 51 59 Languages Languages NNPS 10170 51 60 ; ; : 10170 51 61 18 18 CD 10170 51 62 Master Master NNP 10170 51 63 FILE file NN 10170 51 64 ; ; : 10170 51 65 19 19 CD 10170 51 66 Morningstar Morningstar NNP 10170 51 67 ; ; : 10170 51 68 20 20 CD 10170 51 69 New New NNP 10170 51 70 York York NNP 10170 51 71 Times Times NNP 10170 51 72 ; ; : 10170 51 73 21 21 CD 10170 51 74 NoveList NoveList NNP 10170 51 75 ; ; : 10170 51 76 22 22 CD 10170 51 77 One one CD 10170 51 78 Click Click NNP 10170 51 79 Digital Digital NNP 10170 51 80 ; ; : 10170 51 81 23 23 CD 10170 51 82 Overdrive overdrive JJ 10170 51 83 ; ; : 10170 51 84 24 24 CD 10170 51 85 Reference reference NN 10170 51 86 USA USA NNP 10170 51 87 ; ; : 10170 51 88 25 25 CD 10170 51 89 Safari safari NN 10170 51 90 ; ; : 10170 51 91 26 26 CD 10170 51 92 Tumble Tumble NNP 10170 51 93 Book Book NNP 10170 51 94 ; ; : 10170 51 95 27 27 CD 10170 51 96 Tutor.com tutor.com NN 10170 51 97 ; ; : 10170 51 98 28 28 CD 10170 51 99 World World NNP 10170 51 100 Book Book NNP 10170 51 101 ; ; : 10170 51 102 29 29 CD 10170 51 103 WorldCat WorldCat NNP 10170 51 104 ; ; : 10170 51 105 30 30 CD 10170 51 106 Zinio Zinio NNP 10170 51 107 . . . 10170 52 1 4 4 CD 10170 52 2 , , , 10170 52 3 11 11 CD 10170 52 4 , , , 10170 52 5 14 14 CD 10170 52 6 , , , 10170 52 7 22 22 CD 10170 52 8 , , , 10170 52 9 23 23 CD 10170 52 10 , , , 10170 52 11 26 26 CD 10170 52 12 , , , 10170 52 13 28 28 CD 10170 52 14 , , , 10170 52 15 30 30 CD 10170 52 16 . . . 10170 53 1 4 4 CD 10170 53 2 , , , 10170 53 3 8 8 CD 10170 53 4 , , , 10170 53 5 11,12 11,12 CD 10170 53 6 , , , 10170 53 7 13 13 CD 10170 53 8 , , , 10170 53 9 15 15 CD 10170 53 10 , , , 10170 53 11 17 17 CD 10170 53 12 , , , 10170 53 13 18 18 CD 10170 53 14 , , , 10170 53 15 19 19 CD 10170 53 16 , , , 10170 53 17 21 21 CD 10170 53 18 , , , 10170 53 19 23 23 CD 10170 53 20 , , , 10170 53 21 24 24 CD 10170 53 22 , , , 10170 53 23 30 30 CD 10170 53 24 . . . 10170 54 1 INFORMATION INFORMATION NNP 10170 54 2 TECHNOLOGY technology NN 10170 54 3 AND and CC 10170 54 4 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 10170 54 5 | | NNP 10170 54 6 JUNE JUNE NNP 10170 54 7 2018 2018 CD 10170 54 8 82 82 CD 10170 54 9 Survey Survey NNP 10170 54 10 Methods Methods NNPS 10170 54 11 As as IN 10170 54 12 mobile mobile NN 10170 54 13 services service NNS 10170 54 14 are be VBP 10170 54 15 offered offer VBN 10170 54 16 basically basically RB 10170 54 17 via via IN 10170 54 18 wireless wireless JJ 10170 54 19 systems system NNS 10170 54 20 and and CC 10170 54 21 mobile mobile JJ 10170 54 22 devices device NNS 10170 54 23 , , , 10170 54 24 a a DT 10170 54 25 combination combination NN 10170 54 26 of of IN 10170 54 27 research research NN 10170 54 28 methods method NNS 10170 54 29 , , , 10170 54 30 including include VBG 10170 54 31 mobile mobile JJ 10170 54 32 website website NN 10170 54 33 visits visit NNS 10170 54 34 , , , 10170 54 35 content content NN 10170 54 36 analysis analysis NN 10170 54 37 , , , 10170 54 38 and and CC 10170 54 39 librarian librarian JJ 10170 54 40 interviews interview NNS 10170 54 41 , , , 10170 54 42 were be VBD 10170 54 43 applied apply VBN 10170 54 44 for for IN 10170 54 45 data datum NNS 10170 54 46 collection collection NN 10170 54 47 . . . 10170 55 1 Specifically specifically RB 10170 55 2 , , , 10170 55 3 librarian librarian JJ 10170 55 4 interviews interview NNS 10170 55 5 were be VBD 10170 55 6 employed employ VBN 10170 55 7 as as IN 10170 55 8 a a DT 10170 55 9 verification verification NN 10170 55 10 and and CC 10170 55 11 supplemental supplemental JJ 10170 55 12 process process NN 10170 55 13 to to TO 10170 55 14 ensure ensure VB 10170 55 15 that that IN 10170 55 16 survey survey NN 10170 55 17 data datum NNS 10170 55 18 were be VBD 10170 55 19 accurate accurate JJ 10170 55 20 and and CC 10170 55 21 exhaustive exhaustive JJ 10170 55 22 . . . 10170 56 1 First first RB 10170 56 2 , , , 10170 56 3 the the DT 10170 56 4 authors author NNS 10170 56 5 utilized utilize VBD 10170 56 6 an an DT 10170 56 7 iPhone iPhone NNP 10170 56 8 , , , 10170 56 9 an an DT 10170 56 10 Android Android NNP 10170 56 11 mobile mobile NN 10170 56 12 phone phone NN 10170 56 13 , , , 10170 56 14 and and CC 10170 56 15 an an DT 10170 56 16 iPad iPad NNP 10170 56 17 to to TO 10170 56 18 access access VB 10170 56 19 the the DT 10170 56 20 websites website NNS 10170 56 21 of of IN 10170 56 22 the the DT 10170 56 23 138 138 CD 10170 56 24 US US NNP 10170 56 25 urban urban JJ 10170 56 26 libraries library NNS 10170 56 27 in in IN 10170 56 28 the the DT 10170 56 29 study study NN 10170 56 30 sample sample NN 10170 56 31 to to TO 10170 56 32 ascertain ascertain VB 10170 56 33 if if IN 10170 56 34 these these DT 10170 56 35 libraries library NNS 10170 56 36 have have VBP 10170 56 37 mobile mobile JJ 10170 56 38 websites website NNS 10170 56 39 or or CC 10170 56 40 mobile mobile NN 10170 56 41 catalogs catalog NNS 10170 56 42 and and CC 10170 56 43 whether whether IN 10170 56 44 the the DT 10170 56 45 platforms platform NNS 10170 56 46 are be VBP 10170 56 47 operated operate VBN 10170 56 48 properly properly RB 10170 56 49 . . . 10170 57 1 Then then RB 10170 57 2 the the DT 10170 57 3 authors author NNS 10170 57 4 checked check VBD 10170 57 5 whether whether IN 10170 57 6 these these DT 10170 57 7 libraries library NNS 10170 57 8 have have VBP 10170 57 9 mobile mobile JJ 10170 57 10 apps app NNS 10170 57 11 that that WDT 10170 57 12 can can MD 10170 57 13 be be VB 10170 57 14 downloaded download VBN 10170 57 15 from from IN 10170 57 16 the the DT 10170 57 17 Apple Apple NNP 10170 57 18 app app NN 10170 57 19 store store NN 10170 57 20 or or CC 10170 57 21 the the DT 10170 57 22 Google Google NNP 10170 57 23 Play Play NNP 10170 57 24 store store NN 10170 57 25 . . . 10170 58 1 The the DT 10170 58 2 survey survey NN 10170 58 3 was be VBD 10170 58 4 conducted conduct VBN 10170 58 5 from from IN 10170 58 6 June June NNP 10170 58 7 18 18 CD 10170 58 8 to to IN 10170 58 9 June June NNP 10170 58 10 24 24 CD 10170 58 11 , , , 10170 58 12 2017 2017 CD 10170 58 13 . . . 10170 59 1 Next next RB 10170 59 2 , , , 10170 59 3 the the DT 10170 59 4 authors author NNS 10170 59 5 went go VBD 10170 59 6 through through IN 10170 59 7 all all PDT 10170 59 8 the the DT 10170 59 9 mobile mobile JJ 10170 59 10 websites website NNS 10170 59 11 and and CC 10170 59 12 the the DT 10170 59 13 mobile mobile NN 10170 59 14 apps app VBZ 10170 59 15 the the DT 10170 59 16 libraries library NNS 10170 59 17 provide provide VBP 10170 59 18 to to TO 10170 59 19 check check VB 10170 59 20 the the DT 10170 59 21 mobile mobile JJ 10170 59 22 services service NNS 10170 59 23 offered offer VBD 10170 59 24 . . . 10170 60 1 The the DT 10170 60 2 authors author NNS 10170 60 3 used use VBD 10170 60 4 a a DT 10170 60 5 specially specially RB 10170 60 6 designed design VBN 10170 60 7 survey survey NN 10170 60 8 to to TO 10170 60 9 collect collect VB 10170 60 10 data datum NNS 10170 60 11 about about IN 10170 60 12 each each DT 10170 60 13 library library NN 10170 60 14 ’s ’s POS 10170 60 15 mobile mobile JJ 10170 60 16 website website NN 10170 60 17 and and CC 10170 60 18 app app NN 10170 60 19 ( ( -LRB- 10170 60 20 see see VB 10170 60 21 table table NN 10170 60 22 1 1 CD 10170 60 23 ) ) -RRB- 10170 60 24 . . . 10170 61 1 The the DT 10170 61 2 procedure procedure NN 10170 61 3 of of IN 10170 61 4 survey survey NN 10170 61 5 content content NN 10170 61 6 analysis analysis NN 10170 61 7 was be VBD 10170 61 8 conducted conduct VBN 10170 61 9 between between IN 10170 61 10 June June NNP 10170 61 11 25 25 CD 10170 61 12 and and CC 10170 61 13 July July NNP 10170 61 14 24 24 CD 10170 61 15 , , , 10170 61 16 2017 2017 CD 10170 61 17 , , , 10170 61 18 with with IN 10170 61 19 the the DT 10170 61 20 examination examination NN 10170 61 21 of of IN 10170 61 22 each each DT 10170 61 23 library library NN 10170 61 24 ’s ’s POS 10170 61 25 services service NNS 10170 61 26 taking take VBG 10170 61 27 approximately approximately RB 10170 61 28 30 30 CD 10170 61 29 minutes minute NNS 10170 61 30 . . . 10170 62 1 Finally finally RB 10170 62 2 , , , 10170 62 3 for for IN 10170 62 4 those those DT 10170 62 5 libraries library NNS 10170 62 6 that that WDT 10170 62 7 had have VBD 10170 62 8 no no DT 10170 62 9 mobile mobile JJ 10170 62 10 websites website NNS 10170 62 11 or or CC 10170 62 12 mobile mobile NN 10170 62 13 apps app NNS 10170 62 14 found find VBD 10170 62 15 through through IN 10170 62 16 the the DT 10170 62 17 website website NN 10170 62 18 visits visit NNS 10170 62 19 , , , 10170 62 20 the the DT 10170 62 21 authors author NNS 10170 62 22 made make VBD 10170 62 23 interview interview NN 10170 62 24 requests request NNS 10170 62 25 to to IN 10170 62 26 staff staff NN 10170 62 27 librarians librarian NNS 10170 62 28 via via IN 10170 62 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 10170 62 30 online online JJ 10170 62 31 reference reference NN 10170 62 32 services service NNS 10170 62 33 such such JJ 10170 62 34 as as IN 10170 62 35 live live JJ 10170 62 36 chat chat NN 10170 62 37 , , , 10170 62 38 web web NN 10170 62 39 form form NN 10170 62 40 and and CC 10170 62 41 email email NN 10170 62 42 . . . 10170 63 1 An an DT 10170 63 2 additional additional JJ 10170 63 3 purpose purpose NN 10170 63 4 of of IN 10170 63 5 this this DT 10170 63 6 step step NN 10170 63 7 was be VBD 10170 63 8 to to TO 10170 63 9 confirm confirm VB 10170 63 10 the the DT 10170 63 11 accuracy accuracy NN 10170 63 12 of of IN 10170 63 13 the the DT 10170 63 14 survey survey NN 10170 63 15 data datum NNS 10170 63 16 collected collect VBN 10170 63 17 from from IN 10170 63 18 website website NN 10170 63 19 visits visit NNS 10170 63 20 . . . 10170 64 1 The the DT 10170 64 2 survey survey NN 10170 64 3 was be VBD 10170 64 4 conducted conduct VBN 10170 64 5 from from IN 10170 64 6 July July NNP 10170 64 7 22 22 CD 10170 64 8 to to IN 10170 64 9 August August NNP 10170 64 10 3 3 CD 10170 64 11 , , , 10170 64 12 2017 2017 CD 10170 64 13 . . . 10170 65 1 RESULTS RESULTS NNP 10170 65 2 AND and CC 10170 65 3 ANALYSIS analysis NN 10170 65 4 Results result NNS 10170 65 5 from from IN 10170 65 6 the the DT 10170 65 7 examination examination NN 10170 65 8 of of IN 10170 65 9 mobile mobile JJ 10170 65 10 website website NN 10170 65 11 visits visit NNS 10170 65 12 , , , 10170 65 13 content content NN 10170 65 14 analysis analysis NN 10170 65 15 , , , 10170 65 16 and and CC 10170 65 17 librarian librarian JJ 10170 65 18 interviews interview NNS 10170 65 19 revealed reveal VBD 10170 65 20 what what WDT 10170 65 21 services service NNS 10170 65 22 US US NNP 10170 65 23 urban urban JJ 10170 65 24 libraries library NNS 10170 65 25 provided provide VBN 10170 65 26 as as IN 10170 65 27 mobile mobile JJ 10170 65 28 services service NNS 10170 65 29 , , , 10170 65 30 how how WRB 10170 65 31 they -PRON- PRP 10170 65 32 were be VBD 10170 65 33 provided provide VBN 10170 65 34 , , , 10170 65 35 and and CC 10170 65 36 which which WDT 10170 65 37 were be VBD 10170 65 38 commonly commonly RB 10170 65 39 provided provide VBN 10170 65 40 . . . 10170 66 1 How how WRB 10170 66 2 Many many JJ 10170 66 3 Libraries library NNS 10170 66 4 Provide provide VBP 10170 66 5 Mobile mobile NN 10170 66 6 Services service NNS 10170 66 7 ? ? . 10170 67 1 Over over IN 10170 67 2 83 83 CD 10170 67 3 % % NN 10170 67 4 of of IN 10170 67 5 US US NNP 10170 67 6 urban urban JJ 10170 67 7 libraries library NNS 10170 67 8 have have VBP 10170 67 9 developed develop VBN 10170 67 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 10170 67 11 own own JJ 10170 67 12 mobile mobile JJ 10170 67 13 websites website NNS 10170 67 14 ( ( -LRB- 10170 67 15 see see VB 10170 67 16 figure figure NN 10170 67 17 1 1 CD 10170 67 18 ) ) -RRB- 10170 67 19 for for IN 10170 67 20 communities community NNS 10170 67 21 they -PRON- PRP 10170 67 22 serve serve VBP 10170 67 23 . . . 10170 68 1 The the DT 10170 68 2 mobile mobile JJ 10170 68 3 website website NN 10170 68 4 is be VBZ 10170 68 5 currently currently RB 10170 68 6 the the DT 10170 68 7 most most RBS 10170 68 8 popular popular JJ 10170 68 9 service service NN 10170 68 10 platform platform NN 10170 68 11 for for IN 10170 68 12 mobile mobile JJ 10170 68 13 users user NNS 10170 68 14 . . . 10170 69 1 THE the DT 10170 69 2 PROVISION provision NN 10170 69 3 OF of IN 10170 69 4 MOBILE MOBILE NNP 10170 69 5 SERVICES SERVICES NNP 10170 69 6 IN in IN 10170 69 7 US US NNP 10170 69 8 URBAN URBAN NNP 10170 69 9 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 10170 69 10 | | NNP 10170 69 11 GUO GUO NNP 10170 69 12 , , , 10170 69 13 LIU LIU NNP 10170 69 14 , , , 10170 69 15 AND and CC 10170 69 16 BIELEFIELD BIELEFIELD NNP 10170 69 17 83 83 CD 10170 69 18 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i2.10170 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i2.10170 NNP 10170 69 19 Figure figure NN 10170 69 20 1 1 CD 10170 69 21 . . . 10170 70 1 Types type NNS 10170 70 2 of of IN 10170 70 3 mobile mobile JJ 10170 70 4 services service NNS 10170 70 5 provided provide VBN 10170 70 6 by by IN 10170 70 7 libraries library NNS 10170 70 8 . . . 10170 71 1 Promisingly promisingly RB 10170 71 2 , , , 10170 71 3 each each DT 10170 71 4 test test NN 10170 71 5 of of IN 10170 71 6 these these DT 10170 71 7 websites website NNS 10170 71 8 through through IN 10170 71 9 the the DT 10170 71 10 authors author NNS 10170 71 11 ’ ’ POS 10170 71 12 mobile mobile JJ 10170 71 13 devices device NNS 10170 71 14 , , , 10170 71 15 either either CC 10170 71 16 smartphones smartphone NNS 10170 71 17 or or CC 10170 71 18 tablets tablet NNS 10170 71 19 , , , 10170 71 20 confirmed confirm VBD 10170 71 21 that that IN 10170 71 22 all all PDT 10170 71 23 the the DT 10170 71 24 study study NN 10170 71 25 subjects subject NNS 10170 71 26 can can MD 10170 71 27 be be VB 10170 71 28 accessed access VBN 10170 71 29 100 100 CD 10170 71 30 % % NN 10170 71 31 of of IN 10170 71 32 the the DT 10170 71 33 time time NN 10170 71 34 . . . 10170 72 1 These these DT 10170 72 2 library library NN 10170 72 3 websites website NNS 10170 72 4 , , , 10170 72 5 however however RB 10170 72 6 , , , 10170 72 7 are be VBP 10170 72 8 not not RB 10170 72 9 entirely entirely RB 10170 72 10 built build VBN 10170 72 11 specially specially RB 10170 72 12 for for IN 10170 72 13 mobile mobile JJ 10170 72 14 devices device NNS 10170 72 15 . . . 10170 73 1 While while IN 10170 73 2 the the DT 10170 73 3 majority majority NN 10170 73 4 of of IN 10170 73 5 urban urban JJ 10170 73 6 libraries library NNS 10170 73 7 have have VBP 10170 73 8 transformed transform VBN 10170 73 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 10170 73 10 desktop desktop NN 10170 73 11 websites website NNS 10170 73 12 into into IN 10170 73 13 mobile mobile JJ 10170 73 14 sites site NNS 10170 73 15 with with IN 10170 73 16 proper proper JJ 10170 73 17 responsive responsive JJ 10170 73 18 design design NN 10170 73 19 , , , 10170 73 20 about about RB 10170 73 21 17 17 CD 10170 73 22 % % NN 10170 73 23 are be VBP 10170 73 24 just just RB 10170 73 25 smaller small JJR 10170 73 26 versions version NNS 10170 73 27 of of IN 10170 73 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 10170 73 29 desktop desktop NN 10170 73 30 websites website NNS 10170 73 31 ( ( -LRB- 10170 73 32 see see VB 10170 73 33 figure figure NN 10170 73 34 2 2 CD 10170 73 35 ) ) -RRB- 10170 73 36 . . . 10170 74 1 A a DT 10170 74 2 responsive responsive JJ 10170 74 3 mobile mobile JJ 10170 74 4 website website NN 10170 74 5 can can MD 10170 74 6 react react VB 10170 74 7 or or CC 10170 74 8 change change VB 10170 74 9 according accord VBG 10170 74 10 to to IN 10170 74 11 the the DT 10170 74 12 needs need NNS 10170 74 13 of of IN 10170 74 14 the the DT 10170 74 15 users user NNS 10170 74 16 and and CC 10170 74 17 the the DT 10170 74 18 mobile mobile JJ 10170 74 19 device device NN 10170 74 20 they -PRON- PRP 10170 74 21 ’re be VBP 10170 74 22 viewing view VBG 10170 74 23 it -PRON- PRP 10170 74 24 on on RP 10170 74 25 to to TO 10170 74 26 achieve achieve VB 10170 74 27 a a DT 10170 74 28 good good JJ 10170 74 29 layout layout NN 10170 74 30 and and CC 10170 74 31 content content NN 10170 74 32 display display NN 10170 74 33 . . . 10170 75 1 Here here RB 10170 75 2 , , , 10170 75 3 text text NN 10170 75 4 and and CC 10170 75 5 images image NNS 10170 75 6 change change VBP 10170 75 7 from from IN 10170 75 8 a a DT 10170 75 9 three three CD 10170 75 10 - - HYPH 10170 75 11 column column NN 10170 75 12 to to IN 10170 75 13 a a DT 10170 75 14 single single JJ 10170 75 15 - - HYPH 10170 75 16 column column NN 10170 75 17 layout layout NN 10170 75 18 , , , 10170 75 19 and and CC 10170 75 20 unnecessary unnecessary JJ 10170 75 21 images image NNS 10170 75 22 are be VBP 10170 75 23 hidden hide VBN 10170 75 24 . . . 10170 76 1 The the DT 10170 76 2 web web NN 10170 76 3 address address NN 10170 76 4 of of IN 10170 76 5 a a DT 10170 76 6 responsively responsively RB 10170 76 7 designed design VBN 10170 76 8 mobile mobile JJ 10170 76 9 website website NN 10170 76 10 is be VBZ 10170 76 11 the the DT 10170 76 12 same same JJ 10170 76 13 as as IN 10170 76 14 the the DT 10170 76 15 desktop desktop NN 10170 76 16 website website NN 10170 76 17 . . . 10170 77 1 Responsive responsive JJ 10170 77 2 design design NN 10170 77 3 is be VBZ 10170 77 4 described describe VBN 10170 77 5 as as IN 10170 77 6 a a DT 10170 77 7 long long JJ 10170 77 8 - - HYPH 10170 77 9 term term NN 10170 77 10 solution solution NN 10170 77 11 for for IN 10170 77 12 addressing address VBG 10170 77 13 both both DT 10170 77 14 designers designer NNS 10170 77 15 ’ ' '' 10170 77 16 and and CC 10170 77 17 users user NNS 10170 77 18 ’ ' '' 10170 77 19 needs.22 needs.22 NNP 10170 77 20 The the DT 10170 77 21 survey survey NN 10170 77 22 found find VBD 10170 77 23 that that IN 10170 77 24 59 59 CD 10170 77 25 % % NN 10170 77 26 of of IN 10170 77 27 libraries library NNS 10170 77 28 now now RB 10170 77 29 have have VBP 10170 77 30 apps app NNS 10170 77 31 . . . 10170 78 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ 10170 78 2 analysis analysis NN 10170 78 3 of of IN 10170 78 4 the the DT 10170 78 5 earliest early JJS 10170 78 6 version version NN 10170 78 7 of of IN 10170 78 8 apps app NNS 10170 78 9 records record NNS 10170 78 10 indicate indicate VBP 10170 78 11 that that IN 10170 78 12 Los Los NNP 10170 78 13 Angeles Angeles NNP 10170 78 14 Public Public NNP 10170 78 15 Library Library NNP 10170 78 16 was be VBD 10170 78 17 the the DT 10170 78 18 first first JJ 10170 78 19 to to TO 10170 78 20 use use VB 10170 78 21 an an DT 10170 78 22 app app NN 10170 78 23 , , , 10170 78 24 in in IN 10170 78 25 August August NNP 10170 78 26 2010 2010 CD 10170 78 27 . . . 10170 79 1 Mobile mobile NN 10170 79 2 apps app NNS 10170 79 3 have have VBP 10170 79 4 advantages advantage NNS 10170 79 5 and and CC 10170 79 6 disadvantages disadvantage NNS 10170 79 7 compared compare VBN 10170 79 8 to to IN 10170 79 9 mobile mobile NN 10170 79 10 websites website NNS 10170 79 11 , , , 10170 79 12 and and CC 10170 79 13 many many JJ 10170 79 14 libraries library NNS 10170 79 15 compared compare VBD 10170 79 16 them -PRON- PRP 10170 79 17 and and CC 10170 79 18 chose choose VBD 10170 79 19 between between IN 10170 79 20 the the DT 10170 79 21 two two CD 10170 79 22 . . . 10170 80 1 Skokie Skokie NNP 10170 80 2 ( ( -LRB- 10170 80 3 Illinois Illinois NNP 10170 80 4 ) ) -RRB- 10170 80 5 Public Public NNP 10170 80 6 Library Library NNP 10170 80 7 , , , 10170 80 8 as as IN 10170 80 9 of of IN 10170 80 10 October October NNP 10170 80 11 2015 2015 CD 10170 80 12 , , , 10170 80 13 is be VBZ 10170 80 14 no no DT 10170 80 15 longer long RBR 10170 80 16 supporting support VBG 10170 80 17 the the DT 10170 80 18 library library NN 10170 80 19 ’s ’s POS 10170 80 20 mobile mobile JJ 10170 80 21 app app NN 10170 80 22 because because IN 10170 80 23 they -PRON- PRP 10170 80 24 claim claim VBP 10170 80 25 the the DT 10170 80 26 library library NN 10170 80 27 ’s ’s POS 10170 80 28 website website NN 10170 80 29 offers offer VBZ 10170 80 30 a a DT 10170 80 31 better well JJR 10170 80 32 mobile mobile JJ 10170 80 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25 mobile mobile NN 10170 87 26 catalog catalog NN 10170 87 27 , , , 10170 87 28 or or CC 10170 87 29 mobile mobile JJ 10170 87 30 app app NN 10170 87 31 ( ( -LRB- 10170 87 32 see see VB 10170 87 33 figure figure NNP 10170 87 34 3 3 CD 10170 87 35 ) ) -RRB- 10170 87 36 . . . 10170 88 1 Clearly clearly RB 10170 88 2 , , , 10170 88 3 libraries library NNS 10170 88 4 are be VBP 10170 88 5 paying pay VBG 10170 88 6 increasing increase VBG 10170 88 7 attention attention NN 10170 88 8 to to IN 10170 88 9 mobile mobile NN 10170 88 10 services service NNS 10170 88 11 , , , 10170 88 12 and and CC 10170 88 13 providing provide VBG 10170 88 14 mobile mobile JJ 10170 88 15 services service NNS 10170 88 16 has have VBZ 10170 88 17 become become VBN 10170 88 18 the the DT 10170 88 19 unavoidable unavoidable JJ 10170 88 20 choice choice NN 10170 88 21 of of IN 10170 88 22 libraries library NNS 10170 88 23 nowadays nowadays RB 10170 88 24 . . . 10170 89 1 Figure figure NN 10170 89 2 3 3 CD 10170 89 3 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10170 98 34 , , , 10170 98 35 format format NN 10170 98 36 , , , 10170 98 37 and and CC 10170 98 38 other other JJ 10170 98 39 information information NN 10170 98 40 in in IN 10170 98 41 web web NN 10170 98 42 form form NN 10170 98 43 . . . 10170 99 1 Some some DT 10170 99 2 libraries library NNS 10170 99 3 display display VBP 10170 99 4 “ " `` 10170 99 5 Recommendations Recommendations NNPS 10170 99 6 ” " '' 10170 99 7 ( ( -LRB- 10170 99 8 26 26 CD 10170 99 9 % % NN 10170 99 10 ) ) -RRB- 10170 99 11 on on IN 10170 99 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 10170 99 13 mobile mobile JJ 10170 99 14 websites website NNS 10170 99 15 . . . 10170 100 1 Denver Denver NNP 10170 100 2 Public Public NNP 10170 100 3 Library Library NNP 10170 100 4 has have VBZ 10170 100 5 a a DT 10170 100 6 special special JJ 10170 100 7 column column NN 10170 100 8 recommending recommend VBG 10170 100 9 books book NNS 10170 100 10 for for IN 10170 100 11 children child NNS 10170 100 12 and and CC 10170 100 13 teenagers teenager 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60 60 CD 10170 102 36 % % NN 10170 102 37 80 80 CD 10170 102 38 % % NN 10170 102 39 100 100 CD 10170 102 40 % % NN 10170 102 41 Account Account NNP 10170 102 42 login login NN 10170 102 43 Events event NNS 10170 102 44 Locations Locations NNPS 10170 102 45 and and CC 10170 102 46 hours hour NNS 10170 102 47 Contact contact VB 10170 102 48 us -PRON- PRP 10170 102 49 Social social JJ 10170 102 50 media medium NNS 10170 102 51 Catalog catalog NN 10170 102 52 search search NN 10170 102 53 Support Support NNP 10170 102 54 Downloadables Downloadables NNP 10170 102 55 Kids Kids NNPS 10170 102 56 & & CC 10170 102 57 teens teen NNS 10170 102 58 Meeting Meeting NNP 10170 102 59 room room NN 10170 102 60 Interlibrary interlibrary JJ 10170 102 61 loan loan NN 10170 102 62 Suggest suggest VBP 10170 102 63 a a DT 10170 102 64 purchase purchase NN 10170 102 65 Recent recent JJ 10170 102 66 arrivals arrival NNS 10170 102 67 Recommendations Recommendations NNPS 10170 102 68 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13 us -PRON- PRP 10170 110 14 . . . 10170 110 15 ” " '' 10170 110 16 Click click VB 10170 110 17 “ " `` 10170 110 18 Contact contact VB 10170 110 19 us -PRON- PRP 10170 110 20 ” " '' 10170 110 21 in in IN 10170 110 22 Poudre Poudre NNP 10170 110 23 River River NNP 10170 110 24 Public Public NNP 10170 110 25 Library Library NNP 10170 110 26 District District NNP 10170 110 27 and and CC 10170 110 28 some some DT 10170 110 29 other other JJ 10170 110 30 libraries library NNS 10170 110 31 ’ ’ POS 10170 110 32 apps app NNS 10170 110 33 , , , 10170 110 34 and and CC 10170 110 35 you -PRON- PRP 10170 110 36 can can MD 10170 110 37 directly directly RB 10170 110 38 call call VB 10170 110 39 the the DT 10170 110 40 library library NN 10170 110 41 or or CC 10170 110 42 send send VB 10170 110 43 text text NN 10170 110 44 messages message NNS 10170 110 45 via via IN 10170 110 46 e- e- XX 10170 110 47 mail mail NN 10170 110 48 . . . 10170 111 1 “ " `` 10170 111 2 Scan Scan NNP 10170 111 3 ISBN ISBN NNP 10170 111 4 ” " '' 10170 111 5 is be VBZ 10170 111 6 a a DT 10170 111 7 unique unique JJ 10170 111 8 feature feature NN 10170 111 9 of of IN 10170 111 10 mobile mobile JJ 10170 111 11 apps app NNS 10170 111 12 , , , 10170 111 13 and and CC 10170 111 14 75 75 CD 10170 111 15 % % NN 10170 111 16 of of IN 10170 111 17 apps app NNS 10170 111 18 provide provide VBP 10170 111 19 this this DT 10170 111 20 functionality functionality NN 10170 111 21 . . . 10170 112 1 If if IN 10170 112 2 a a DT 10170 112 3 library library NN 10170 112 4 user user NN 10170 112 5 finds find VBZ 10170 112 6 a a DT 10170 112 7 book book NN 10170 112 8 they -PRON- PRP 10170 112 9 need need VBP 10170 112 10 in in IN 10170 112 11 a a DT 10170 112 12 bookstore bookstore NN 10170 112 13 or or CC 10170 112 14 elsewhere elsewhere RB 10170 112 15 , , , 10170 112 16 they -PRON- PRP 10170 112 17 can can MD 10170 112 18 scan scan VB 10170 112 19 the the DT 10170 112 20 ISBN ISBN NNP 10170 112 21 to to TO 10170 112 22 can can MD 10170 112 23 see see VB 10170 112 24 if if IN 10170 112 25 that that DT 10170 112 26 book book NN 10170 112 27 is be VBZ 10170 112 28 in in IN 10170 112 29 the the DT 10170 112 30 library library NN 10170 112 31 ’s ’s POS 10170 112 32 collection collection NN 10170 112 33 . . . 10170 113 1 Apps app NNS 10170 113 2 designed design VBN 10170 113 3 by by IN 10170 113 4 BiblioCommoms BiblioCommoms NNP 10170 113 5 all all DT 10170 113 6 have have VBP 10170 113 7 “ " `` 10170 113 8 Bestsellers Bestsellers NNPS 10170 113 9 ” " '' 10170 113 10 , , , 10170 113 11 “ " `` 10170 113 12 Recently recently RB 10170 113 13 Reviewed review VBN 10170 113 14 ” " '' 10170 113 15 , , , 10170 113 16 “ " `` 10170 113 17 Just just RB 10170 113 18 Ordered order VBN 10170 113 19 ” " '' 10170 113 20 and and CC 10170 113 21 “ " `` 10170 113 22 My -PRON- PRP$ 10170 113 23 library library NN 10170 113 24 ” " '' 10170 113 25 ( ( -LRB- 10170 113 26 See see VB 10170 113 27 chart chart NN 10170 113 28 Figure Figure NNP 10170 113 29 6 6 CD 10170 113 30 ) ) -RRB- 10170 113 31 . . . 10170 114 1 In in IN 10170 114 2 “ " `` 10170 114 3 My -PRON- PRP$ 10170 114 4 library library NN 10170 114 5 , , , 10170 114 6 ” " '' 10170 114 7 the the DT 10170 114 8 “ " `` 10170 114 9 Checked Checked NNP 10170 114 10 Out out RP 10170 114 11 ” " '' 10170 114 12 section section NN 10170 114 13 contains contain VBZ 10170 114 14 red red JJ 10170 114 15 alerts alert NNS 10170 114 16 for for IN 10170 114 17 “ " `` 10170 114 18 Overdue overdue JJ 10170 114 19 , , , 10170 114 20 ” " '' 10170 114 21 yellow yellow JJ 10170 114 22 alerts alert NNS 10170 114 23 for for IN 10170 114 24 “ " `` 10170 114 25 Due Due NNP 10170 114 26 Soon soon RB 10170 114 27 , , , 10170 114 28 ” " '' 10170 114 29 and and CC 10170 114 30 “ " `` 10170 114 31 Total total JJ 10170 114 32 items item NNS 10170 114 33 . . . 10170 114 34 ” " '' 10170 114 35 The the DT 10170 114 36 “ " `` 10170 114 37 Holds Holds NNP 10170 114 38 ” " '' 10170 114 39 section section NN 10170 114 40 contains contain VBZ 10170 114 41 “ " `` 10170 114 42 Ready ready JJ 10170 114 43 for for IN 10170 114 44 pickup pickup NN 10170 114 45 , , , 10170 114 46 ” " '' 10170 114 47 “ " `` 10170 114 48 Active active JJ 10170 114 49 holds hold VBZ 10170 114 50 , , , 10170 114 51 ” " '' 10170 114 52 and and CC 10170 114 53 “ " `` 10170 114 54 Paused pause VBN 10170 114 55 holds hold VBZ 10170 114 56 . . . 10170 114 57 ” " '' 10170 114 58 . . . 10170 115 1 The the DT 10170 115 2 “ " `` 10170 115 3 My -PRON- PRP$ 10170 115 4 Shelves Shelves NNPS 10170 115 5 ” " '' 10170 115 6 section section NN 10170 115 7 contains contain VBZ 10170 115 8 “ " `` 10170 115 9 Completed complete VBN 10170 115 10 , , , 10170 115 11 ” " '' 10170 115 12 “ " `` 10170 115 13 In in IN 10170 115 14 Progress Progress NNP 10170 115 15 , , , 10170 115 16 ” " '' 10170 115 17 and and CC 10170 115 18 “ " `` 10170 115 19 For for IN 10170 115 20 Later later RB 10170 115 21 . . . 10170 115 22 ” " '' 10170 115 23 In in IN 10170 115 24 this this DT 10170 115 25 way way NN 10170 115 26 , , , 10170 115 27 users user NNS 10170 115 28 can can MD 10170 115 29 clearly clearly RB 10170 115 30 see see VB 10170 115 31 the the DT 10170 115 32 details detail NNS 10170 115 33 of of IN 10170 115 34 the the DT 10170 115 35 books book NNS 10170 115 36 they -PRON- PRP 10170 115 37 have have VBP 10170 115 38 100 100 CD 10170 115 39 % % NN 10170 115 40 100 100 CD 10170 115 41 % % NN 10170 115 42 96 96 CD 10170 115 43 % % NN 10170 115 44 89 89 CD 10170 115 45 % % NN 10170 115 46 85 85 CD 10170 115 47 % % NN 10170 115 48 77 77 CD 10170 115 49 % % NN 10170 115 50 75 75 CD 10170 115 51 % % NN 10170 115 52 68 68 CD 10170 115 53 % % NN 10170 115 54 46 46 CD 10170 115 55 % % NN 10170 115 56 27 27 CD 10170 115 57 % % NN 10170 115 58 24 24 CD 10170 115 59 % % NN 10170 115 60 19 19 CD 10170 115 61 % % NN 10170 115 62 18 18 CD 10170 115 63 % % NN 10170 115 64 16 16 CD 10170 115 65 % % NN 10170 115 66 16 16 CD 10170 115 67 % % NN 10170 115 68 10 10 CD 10170 115 69 % % NN 10170 115 70 6 6 CD 10170 115 71 % % NN 10170 115 72 5 5 CD 10170 115 73 % % NN 10170 115 74 3 3 CD 10170 115 75 % % NN 10170 115 76 0 0 CD 10170 115 77 % % NN 10170 115 78 20 20 CD 10170 115 79 % % NN 10170 115 80 40 40 CD 10170 115 81 % % NN 10170 115 82 60 60 CD 10170 115 83 % % NN 10170 115 84 80 80 CD 10170 115 85 % % NN 10170 115 86 100 100 CD 10170 115 87 % % NN 10170 115 88 Account Account NNP 10170 115 89 login login NN 10170 115 90 Catalog catalog NN 10170 115 91 search search NN 10170 115 92 Locations location NNS 10170 115 93 and and CC 10170 115 94 hours hour NNS 10170 115 95 Downloadables downloadable NNS 10170 115 96 Contact contact VBP 10170 115 97 us -PRON- PRP 10170 115 98 Events event NNS 10170 115 99 Scan Scan NNP 10170 115 100 ISBN ISBN NNP 10170 115 101 Social social JJ 10170 115 102 media medium NNS 10170 115 103 Full full JJ 10170 115 104 website website NN 10170 115 105 Recent recent JJ 10170 115 106 arrivals arrival NNS 10170 115 107 Bestsellers Bestsellers NNPS 10170 115 108 Recently recently RB 10170 115 109 reviewed review VBD 10170 115 110 Popular Popular NNP 10170 115 111 this this DT 10170 115 112 week week NN 10170 115 113 Just just RB 10170 115 114 ordered order VBD 10170 115 115 My -PRON- PRP$ 10170 115 116 library library NN 10170 115 117 My -PRON- PRP$ 10170 115 118 Bookshelf bookshelf PRP 10170 115 119 Pay pay VB 10170 115 120 fines fine NNS 10170 115 121 Barcode Barcode NNP 10170 115 122 wallet wallet NN 10170 115 123 Kids Kids NNP 10170 115 124 & & CC 10170 115 125 teens teen NNS 10170 115 126 THE the DT 10170 115 127 PROVISION PROVISION NNP 10170 115 128 OF of IN 10170 115 129 MOBILE MOBILE NNP 10170 115 130 SERVICES SERVICES NNP 10170 115 131 IN in IN 10170 115 132 US US NNP 10170 115 133 URBAN URBAN NNP 10170 115 134 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 10170 115 135 | | NNP 10170 115 136 GUO GUO NNP 10170 115 137 , , , 10170 115 138 LIU LIU NNP 10170 115 139 , , , 10170 115 140 AND and CC 10170 115 141 BIELEFIELD BIELEFIELD NNP 10170 115 142 87 87 CD 10170 115 143 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i2.10170 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i2.10170 NNS 10170 115 144 borrowed borrow VBN 10170 115 145 and and CC 10170 115 146 intend intend VBP 10170 115 147 to to TO 10170 115 148 borrow borrow VB 10170 115 149 . . . 10170 116 1 Apps app NNS 10170 116 2 designed design VBN 10170 116 3 by by IN 10170 116 4 Boopsie Boopsie NNP 10170 116 5 generally generally RB 10170 116 6 have have VBP 10170 116 7 “ " `` 10170 116 8 Popular Popular NNP 10170 116 9 this this DT 10170 116 10 week week NN 10170 116 11 ” " '' 10170 116 12 to to TO 10170 116 13 tell tell VB 10170 116 14 users user NNS 10170 116 15 which which WDT 10170 116 16 books book NNS 10170 116 17 have have VBP 10170 116 18 been be VBN 10170 116 19 borrowed borrow VBN 10170 116 20 more more RBR 10170 116 21 recently recently RB 10170 116 22 . . . 10170 117 1 Figure figure NN 10170 117 2 6 6 CD 10170 117 3 . . . 10170 118 1 An an DT 10170 118 2 app app NN 10170 118 3 designed design VBN 10170 118 4 by by IN 10170 118 5 BiblioCommoms BiblioCommoms NNP 10170 118 6 . . . 10170 119 1 Only only RB 10170 119 2 3 3 CD 10170 119 3 % % NN 10170 119 4 of of IN 10170 119 5 apps app NNS 10170 119 6 have have VBP 10170 119 7 “ " `` 10170 119 8 Kids Kids NNPS 10170 119 9 ” " '' 10170 119 10 and and CC 10170 119 11 “ " `` 10170 119 12 Teens teen NNS 10170 119 13 ” " '' 10170 119 14 sections section NNS 10170 119 15 , , , 10170 119 16 which which WDT 10170 119 17 differs differ VBZ 10170 119 18 greatly greatly RB 10170 119 19 from from IN 10170 119 20 the the DT 10170 119 21 percentage percentage NN 10170 119 22 of of IN 10170 119 23 mobile mobile JJ 10170 119 24 websites website NNS 10170 119 25 that that WDT 10170 119 26 offer offer VBP 10170 119 27 those those DT 10170 119 28 sections section NNS 10170 119 29 ( ( -LRB- 10170 119 30 86 86 CD 10170 119 31 % % NN 10170 119 32 ) ) -RRB- 10170 119 33 . . . 10170 120 1 What what WP 10170 120 2 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 120 3 Reference Reference NNP 10170 120 4 Services Services NNPS 10170 120 5 do do VBP 10170 120 6 Libraries library NNS 10170 120 7 Provide provide VB 10170 120 8 ? ? . 10170 121 1 According accord VBG 10170 121 2 to to IN 10170 121 3 the the DT 10170 121 4 survey survey NN 10170 121 5 , , , 10170 121 6 the the DT 10170 121 7 most most RBS 10170 121 8 common common JJ 10170 121 9 way way NN 10170 121 10 for for IN 10170 121 11 US US NNP 10170 121 12 urban urban JJ 10170 121 13 libraries library NNS 10170 121 14 to to TO 10170 121 15 provide provide VB 10170 121 16 mobile mobile JJ 10170 121 17 reference reference NN 10170 121 18 service service NN 10170 121 19 is be VBZ 10170 121 20 a a DT 10170 121 21 web web NN 10170 121 22 form form NN 10170 121 23 , , , 10170 121 24 which which WDT 10170 121 25 is be VBZ 10170 121 26 available available JJ 10170 121 27 in in IN 10170 121 28 86 86 CD 10170 121 29 % % NN 10170 121 30 of of IN 10170 121 31 surveyed survey VBN 10170 121 32 libraries library NNS 10170 121 33 ( ( -LRB- 10170 121 34 see see VB 10170 121 35 figure figure NNP 10170 121 36 7 7 CD 10170 121 37 ) ) -RRB- 10170 121 38 . . . 10170 122 1 Related relate VBN 10170 122 2 to to IN 10170 122 3 “ " `` 10170 122 4 Call call VB 10170 122 5 us -PRON- PRP 10170 122 6 , , , 10170 122 7 ” " '' 10170 122 8 a a DT 10170 122 9 web web NN 10170 122 10 form form NN 10170 122 11 has have VBZ 10170 122 12 the the DT 10170 122 13 advantage advantage NN 10170 122 14 of of IN 10170 122 15 being be VBG 10170 122 16 independent independent JJ 10170 122 17 from from IN 10170 122 18 the the DT 10170 122 19 library library NN 10170 122 20 ’s ’s POS 10170 122 21 working working NN 10170 122 22 hours hour NNS 10170 122 23 . . . 10170 123 1 Although although IN 10170 123 2 users user NNS 10170 123 3 fill fill VBP 10170 123 4 out out RP 10170 123 5 and and CC 10170 123 6 submit submit VB 10170 123 7 a a DT 10170 123 8 web web NN 10170 123 9 form form NN 10170 123 10 , , , 10170 123 11 it -PRON- PRP 10170 123 12 is be VBZ 10170 123 13 similar similar JJ 10170 123 14 to to IN 10170 123 15 email email NN 10170 123 16 and and CC 10170 123 17 , , , 10170 123 18 generally generally RB 10170 123 19 , , , 10170 123 20 librarians librarian NNS 10170 123 21 respond respond VBP 10170 123 22 to to IN 10170 123 23 the the DT 10170 123 24 user user NN 10170 123 25 ’s ’s POS 10170 123 26 e e NN 10170 123 27 - - NN 10170 123 28 mail mail NN 10170 123 29 address address NN 10170 123 30 , , , 10170 123 31 but but CC 10170 123 32 it -PRON- PRP 10170 123 33 does do VBZ 10170 123 34 not not RB 10170 123 35 require require VB 10170 123 36 users user NNS 10170 123 37 to to TO 10170 123 38 enter enter VB 10170 123 39 their -PRON- PRP$ 10170 123 40 own own JJ 10170 123 41 email email NN 10170 123 42 system system NN 10170 123 43 , , , 10170 123 44 as as IN 10170 123 45 they -PRON- PRP 10170 123 46 only only RB 10170 123 47 need need VBP 10170 123 48 to to TO 10170 123 49 fill fill VB 10170 123 50 in in RP 10170 123 51 the the DT 10170 123 52 content content NN 10170 123 53 required require VBN 10170 123 54 by by IN 10170 123 55 the the DT 10170 123 56 web web NN 10170 123 57 form form NN 10170 123 58 . . . 10170 124 1 Therefore therefore RB 10170 124 2 , , , 10170 124 3 it -PRON- PRP 10170 124 4 is be VBZ 10170 124 5 more more RBR 10170 124 6 convenient convenient JJ 10170 124 7 to to TO 10170 124 8 use use VB 10170 124 9 . . . 10170 125 1 The the DT 10170 125 2 authors author NNS 10170 125 3 believe believe VBP 10170 125 4 that that IN 10170 125 5 providing provide VBG 10170 125 6 only only RB 10170 125 7 an an DT 10170 125 8 email email NN 10170 125 9 address address NN 10170 125 10 is be VBZ 10170 125 11 not not RB 10170 125 12 mobile mobile JJ 10170 125 13 reference reference NN 10170 125 14 service service NN 10170 125 15 . . . 10170 126 1 The the DT 10170 126 2 survey survey NN 10170 126 3 found find VBD 10170 126 4 that that IN 10170 126 5 6 6 CD 10170 126 6 % % NN 10170 126 7 of of IN 10170 126 8 libraries library NNS 10170 126 9 do do VBP 10170 126 10 not not RB 10170 126 11 have have VB 10170 126 12 mobile mobile JJ 10170 126 13 reference reference NN 10170 126 14 services service NNS 10170 126 15 . . . 10170 127 1 INFORMATION INFORMATION NNP 10170 127 2 TECHNOLOGY technology NN 10170 127 3 AND and CC 10170 127 4 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 10170 127 5 | | NNP 10170 127 6 JUNE JUNE NNP 10170 127 7 2018 2018 CD 10170 127 8 88 88 CD 10170 127 9 Figure Figure NNP 10170 127 10 7 7 CD 10170 127 11 . . . 10170 128 1 Mobile mobile JJ 10170 128 2 reference reference NN 10170 128 3 services service NNS 10170 128 4 provided provide VBN 10170 128 5 by by IN 10170 128 6 libraries library NNS 10170 128 7 . . . 10170 129 1 Currently currently RB 10170 129 2 , , , 10170 129 3 43 43 CD 10170 129 4 % % NN 10170 129 5 of of IN 10170 129 6 libraries library NNS 10170 129 7 offer offer VBP 10170 129 8 chat chat NN 10170 129 9 and and CC 10170 129 10 instant instant JJ 10170 129 11 messaging messaging NN 10170 129 12 ( ( -LRB- 10170 129 13 IM IM NNP 10170 129 14 ) ) -RRB- 10170 129 15 services service NNS 10170 129 16 , , , 10170 129 17 which which WDT 10170 129 18 allow allow VBP 10170 129 19 users user NNS 10170 129 20 to to TO 10170 129 21 communicate communicate VB 10170 129 22 with with IN 10170 129 23 librarians librarian NNS 10170 129 24 instantly instantly RB 10170 129 25 . . . 10170 130 1 For for IN 10170 130 2 example example NN 10170 130 3 , , , 10170 130 4 when when WRB 10170 130 5 Gwinnett Gwinnett NNP 10170 130 6 County County NNP 10170 130 7 ( ( -LRB- 10170 130 8 Georgia Georgia NNP 10170 130 9 ) ) -RRB- 10170 130 10 Public Public NNP 10170 130 11 Library Library NNP 10170 130 12 ’s ’s POS 10170 130 13 mobile mobile JJ 10170 130 14 website website NN 10170 130 15 is be VBZ 10170 130 16 visited visit VBN 10170 130 17 , , , 10170 130 18 an an DT 10170 130 19 “ " `` 10170 130 20 Ask Ask NNP 10170 130 21 Us Us NNP 10170 130 22 ” " '' 10170 130 23 dialog dialog NN 10170 130 24 box box NN 10170 130 25 appears appear VBZ 10170 130 26 in in IN 10170 130 27 the the DT 10170 130 28 upper upper JJ 10170 130 29 right right JJ 10170 130 30 corner corner NN 10170 130 31 of of IN 10170 130 32 the the DT 10170 130 33 site site NN 10170 130 34 , , , 10170 130 35 which which WDT 10170 130 36 allows allow VBZ 10170 130 37 visitors visitor NNS 10170 130 38 to to TO 10170 130 39 chat chat VB 10170 130 40 with with IN 10170 130 41 librarians librarian NNS 10170 130 42 . . . 10170 131 1 Outside outside IN 10170 131 2 of of IN 10170 131 3 the the DT 10170 131 4 library library NN 10170 131 5 ’s ’s POS 10170 131 6 work work NN 10170 131 7 hours hour NNS 10170 131 8 , , , 10170 131 9 the the DT 10170 131 10 box box NN 10170 131 11 displays display NNS 10170 131 12 “ " `` 10170 131 13 sorry sorry UH 10170 131 14 , , , 10170 131 15 chat chat NNP 10170 131 16 is be VBZ 10170 131 17 offline offline JJ 10170 131 18 but but CC 10170 131 19 you -PRON- PRP 10170 131 20 can can MD 10170 131 21 still still RB 10170 131 22 get get VB 10170 131 23 help help NN 10170 131 24 ” " '' 10170 131 25 ( ( -LRB- 10170 131 26 see see VB 10170 131 27 figure figure NN 10170 131 28 8) 8) CD 10170 131 29 . . . 10170 132 1 The the DT 10170 132 2 County County NNP 10170 132 3 of of IN 10170 132 4 Los Los NNP 10170 132 5 Angeles Angeles NNP 10170 132 6 Public Public NNP 10170 132 7 Library Library NNP 10170 132 8 provides provide VBZ 10170 132 9 four four CD 10170 132 10 options option NNS 10170 132 11 for for IN 10170 132 12 IM IM NNP 10170 132 13 . . . 10170 133 1 They -PRON- PRP 10170 133 2 are be VBP 10170 133 3 AIM aim JJ 10170 133 4 , , , 10170 133 5 Google Google NNP 10170 133 6 Talk Talk NNP 10170 133 7 , , , 10170 133 8 Yahoo Yahoo NNP 10170 133 9 ! ! . 10170 134 1 Messenger Messenger NNP 10170 134 2 , , , 10170 134 3 and and CC 10170 134 4 MSN MSN NNP 10170 134 5 Messenger Messenger NNP 10170 134 6 . . . 10170 135 1 Figure figure NN 10170 135 2 8 8 CD 10170 135 3 . . . 10170 136 1 “ " `` 10170 136 2 Ask ask VB 10170 136 3 Us Us NNP 10170 136 4 ” " '' 10170 136 5 on on IN 10170 136 6 Gwinnett Gwinnett NNP 10170 136 7 County County NNP 10170 136 8 Public Public NNP 10170 136 9 Library Library NNP 10170 136 10 ’s ’s POS 10170 136 11 mobile mobile JJ 10170 136 12 website website NN 10170 136 13 86 86 CD 10170 136 14 % % NN 10170 136 15 43 43 CD 10170 136 16 % % NN 10170 136 17 33 33 CD 10170 136 18 % % NN 10170 136 19 8 8 CD 10170 136 20 % % NN 10170 136 21 0 0 CD 10170 136 22 % % NN 10170 136 23 20 20 CD 10170 136 24 % % NN 10170 136 25 40 40 CD 10170 136 26 % % NN 10170 136 27 60 60 CD 10170 136 28 % % NN 10170 136 29 80 80 CD 10170 136 30 % % NN 10170 136 31 100 100 CD 10170 136 32 % % NN 10170 136 33 Web web NN 10170 136 34 form form NN 10170 136 35 Chat Chat NNP 10170 136 36 / / SYM 10170 136 37 IM IM NNP 10170 136 38 Text Text NNP 10170 136 39 / / SYM 10170 136 40 SMS SMS NNP 10170 136 41 Social Social NNP 10170 136 42 media medium NNS 10170 136 43 THE the DT 10170 136 44 PROVISION provision NN 10170 136 45 OF of IN 10170 136 46 MOBILE MOBILE NNP 10170 136 47 SERVICES SERVICES NNP 10170 136 48 IN in IN 10170 136 49 US US NNP 10170 136 50 URBAN URBAN NNP 10170 136 51 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 10170 136 52 | | NNP 10170 136 53 GUO GUO NNP 10170 136 54 , , , 10170 136 55 LIU LIU NNP 10170 136 56 , , , 10170 136 57 AND and CC 10170 136 58 BIELEFIELD BIELEFIELD NNP 10170 136 59 89 89 CD 10170 136 60 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i2.10170 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i2.10170 NNS 10170 136 61 All all PDT 10170 136 62 the the DT 10170 136 63 Florida Florida NNP 10170 136 64 urban urban JJ 10170 136 65 libraries library NNS 10170 136 66 surveyed survey VBN 10170 136 67 offer offer VBP 10170 136 68 reference reference NN 10170 136 69 services service NNS 10170 136 70 via via IN 10170 136 71 the the DT 10170 136 72 web web NN 10170 136 73 form form NN 10170 136 74 , , , 10170 136 75 chat chat VBP 10170 136 76 , , , 10170 136 77 and and CC 10170 136 78 text text NN 10170 136 79 because because IN 10170 136 80 an an DT 10170 136 81 “ " `` 10170 136 82 Ask ask VB 10170 136 83 a a DT 10170 136 84 Librarian librarian JJ 10170 136 85 ” " '' 10170 136 86 service service NN 10170 136 87 administered administer VBN 10170 136 88 by by IN 10170 136 89 the the DT 10170 136 90 Tampa Tampa NNP 10170 136 91 Bay Bay NNP 10170 136 92 Library Library NNP 10170 136 93 Consortium Consortium NNP 10170 136 94 provides provide VBZ 10170 136 95 Florida Florida NNP 10170 136 96 residents resident NNS 10170 136 97 with with IN 10170 136 98 those those DT 10170 136 99 mobile mobile JJ 10170 136 100 reference reference NN 10170 136 101 services service NNS 10170 136 102 . . . 10170 137 1 The the DT 10170 137 2 survey survey NN 10170 137 3 shows show VBZ 10170 137 4 that that IN 10170 137 5 only only RB 10170 137 6 8 8 CD 10170 137 7 % % NN 10170 137 8 of of IN 10170 137 9 the the DT 10170 137 10 libraries library NNS 10170 137 11 provide provide VBP 10170 137 12 social social JJ 10170 137 13 media medium NNS 10170 137 14 reference reference NN 10170 137 15 service service NN 10170 137 16 in in IN 10170 137 17 “ " `` 10170 137 18 Ask Ask NNP 10170 137 19 a a DT 10170 137 20 librarian librarian NN 10170 137 21 . . . 10170 137 22 ” " '' 10170 137 23 The the DT 10170 137 24 social social JJ 10170 137 25 media medium NNS 10170 137 26 that that WDT 10170 137 27 provides provide VBZ 10170 137 28 reference reference NN 10170 137 29 service service NN 10170 137 30 is be VBZ 10170 137 31 either either CC 10170 137 32 Facebook Facebook NNP 10170 137 33 or or CC 10170 137 34 Twitter Twitter NNP 10170 137 35 . . . 10170 138 1 In in IN 10170 138 2 fact fact NN 10170 138 3 , , , 10170 138 4 100 100 CD 10170 138 5 % % NN 10170 138 6 of of IN 10170 138 7 libraries library NNS 10170 138 8 have have VBP 10170 138 9 social social JJ 10170 138 10 media medium NNS 10170 138 11 , , , 10170 138 12 and and CC 10170 138 13 100 100 CD 10170 138 14 % % NN 10170 138 15 of of IN 10170 138 16 libraries library NNS 10170 138 17 have have VBP 10170 138 18 Facebook Facebook NNP 10170 138 19 and and CC 10170 138 20 Twitter Twitter NNP 10170 138 21 , , , 10170 138 22 but but CC 10170 138 23 most most JJS 10170 138 24 libraries library NNS 10170 138 25 do do VBP 10170 138 26 not not RB 10170 138 27 use use VB 10170 138 28 them -PRON- PRP 10170 138 29 to to TO 10170 138 30 provide provide VB 10170 138 31 reference reference NN 10170 138 32 services service NNS 10170 138 33 . . . 10170 139 1 What what WP 10170 139 2 Social Social NNP 10170 139 3 Media Media NNP 10170 139 4 do do VBP 10170 139 5 the the DT 10170 139 6 Libraries library NNS 10170 139 7 Use use VB 10170 139 8 ? ? . 10170 140 1 Survey survey NN 10170 140 2 results result NNS 10170 140 3 showed show VBD 10170 140 4 that that IN 10170 140 5 100 100 CD 10170 140 6 % % NN 10170 140 7 of of IN 10170 140 8 mobile mobile JJ 10170 140 9 websites website NNS 10170 140 10 display display VBP 10170 140 11 links link NNS 10170 140 12 to to IN 10170 140 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 10170 140 14 social social JJ 10170 140 15 media medium NNS 10170 140 16 , , , 10170 140 17 usually usually RB 10170 140 18 in in IN 10170 140 19 the the DT 10170 140 20 prominent prominent JJ 10170 140 21 position position NN 10170 140 22 of of IN 10170 140 23 the the DT 10170 140 24 front front JJ 10170 140 25 page page NN 10170 140 26 of of IN 10170 140 27 the the DT 10170 140 28 websites website NNS 10170 140 29 ; ; : 10170 140 30 68 68 CD 10170 140 31 % % NN 10170 140 32 of of IN 10170 140 33 apps app NNS 10170 140 34 have have VBP 10170 140 35 social social JJ 10170 140 36 media medium NNS 10170 140 37 links link NNS 10170 140 38 . . . 10170 141 1 Facebook Facebook NNP 10170 141 2 and and CC 10170 141 3 Twitter Twitter NNP 10170 141 4 are be VBP 10170 141 5 social social JJ 10170 141 6 media medium NNS 10170 141 7 leaders leader NNS 10170 141 8 , , , 10170 141 9 and and CC 10170 141 10 now now RB 10170 141 11 all all DT 10170 141 12 libraries library NNS 10170 141 13 ’ ’ POS 10170 141 14 mobile mobile JJ 10170 141 15 websites website NNS 10170 141 16 have have VBP 10170 141 17 both both DT 10170 141 18 ( ( -LRB- 10170 141 19 see see VB 10170 141 20 figure figure NN 10170 141 21 9 9 CD 10170 141 22 ) ) -RRB- 10170 141 23 . . . 10170 142 1 The the DT 10170 142 2 survey survey NN 10170 142 3 conducted conduct VBN 10170 142 4 in in IN 10170 142 5 2014 2014 CD 10170 142 6 showed show VBD 10170 142 7 that that IN 10170 142 8 Facebook Facebook NNP 10170 142 9 and and CC 10170 142 10 Twitter Twitter NNP 10170 142 11 had have VBD 10170 142 12 the the DT 10170 142 13 highest high JJS 10170 142 14 occupancy occupancy NN 10170 142 15 rate rate NN 10170 142 16 , , , 10170 142 17 but but CC 10170 142 18 only only RB 10170 142 19 61 61 CD 10170 142 20 % % NN 10170 142 21 of of IN 10170 142 22 libraries library NNS 10170 142 23 offered offer VBD 10170 142 24 Facebook Facebook NNP 10170 142 25 and and CC 10170 142 26 53 53 CD 10170 142 27 % % NN 10170 142 28 offered offer VBD 10170 142 29 Twitter Twitter NNP 10170 142 30 . . . 10170 143 1 It -PRON- PRP 10170 143 2 is be VBZ 10170 143 3 obvious obvious JJ 10170 143 4 that that IN 10170 143 5 libraries library NNS 10170 143 6 have have VBP 10170 143 7 made make VBN 10170 143 8 great great JJ 10170 143 9 progress progress NN 10170 143 10 in in IN 10170 143 11 the the DT 10170 143 12 last last JJ 10170 143 13 three three CD 10170 143 14 years year NNS 10170 143 15 in in IN 10170 143 16 the the DT 10170 143 17 application application NN 10170 143 18 of of IN 10170 143 19 social social JJ 10170 143 20 media medium NNS 10170 143 21 . . . 10170 144 1 Figure figure NN 10170 144 2 9 9 CD 10170 144 3 . . . 10170 145 1 Social social JJ 10170 145 2 media medium NNS 10170 145 3 being be VBG 10170 145 4 used use VBN 10170 145 5 by by IN 10170 145 6 libraries library NNS 10170 145 7 . . . 10170 146 1 Instagram Instagram NNP 10170 146 2 and and CC 10170 146 3 Pinterest pinter JJS 10170 146 4 are be VBP 10170 146 5 both both DT 10170 146 6 photo photo JJ 10170 146 7 social social JJ 10170 146 8 media medium NNS 10170 146 9 , , , 10170 146 10 and and CC 10170 146 11 they -PRON- PRP 10170 146 12 are be VBP 10170 146 13 used use VBN 10170 146 14 76 76 CD 10170 146 15 % % NN 10170 146 16 and and CC 10170 146 17 49 49 CD 10170 146 18 % % NN 10170 146 19 , , , 10170 146 20 respectively respectively RB 10170 146 21 . . . 10170 147 1 As as IN 10170 147 2 the the DT 10170 147 3 leading lead VBG 10170 147 4 social social JJ 10170 147 5 media medium NNS 10170 147 6 in in IN 10170 147 7 the the DT 10170 147 8 video video NN 10170 147 9 field field NN 10170 147 10 , , , 10170 147 11 YouTube YouTube NNP 10170 147 12 is be VBZ 10170 147 13 used use VBN 10170 147 14 by by IN 10170 147 15 67 67 CD 10170 147 16 % % NN 10170 147 17 of of IN 10170 147 18 libraries library NNS 10170 147 19 . . . 10170 148 1 What what WP 10170 148 2 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 148 3 Reservation Reservation NNP 10170 148 4 Services Services NNPS 10170 148 5 do do VBP 10170 148 6 Libraries library NNS 10170 148 7 Provide provide VB 10170 148 8 ? ? . 10170 149 1 Mobile mobile JJ 10170 149 2 reservation reservation NN 10170 149 3 services service NNS 10170 149 4 were be VBD 10170 149 5 found find VBN 10170 149 6 in in IN 10170 149 7 78 78 CD 10170 149 8 % % NN 10170 149 9 of of IN 10170 149 10 all all DT 10170 149 11 libraries library NNS 10170 149 12 ’ ’ POS 10170 149 13 mobile mobile JJ 10170 149 14 services service NNS 10170 149 15 . . . 10170 150 1 A a DT 10170 150 2 majority majority NN 10170 150 3 ( ( -LRB- 10170 150 4 62 62 CD 10170 150 5 % % NN 10170 150 6 ) ) -RRB- 10170 150 7 of of IN 10170 150 8 the the DT 10170 150 9 libraries library NNS 10170 150 10 allow allow VBP 10170 150 11 online online JJ 10170 150 12 reservation reservation NN 10170 150 13 of of IN 10170 150 14 a a DT 10170 150 15 meeting meeting NN 10170 150 16 room room NN 10170 150 17 via via IN 10170 150 18 web web NN 10170 150 19 form form NN 10170 150 20 or or CC 10170 150 21 other other JJ 10170 150 22 forms form NNS 10170 150 23 , , , 10170 150 24 and and CC 10170 150 25 14 14 CD 10170 150 26 % % NN 10170 150 27 allow allow VBP 10170 150 28 reserving reserve VBG 10170 150 29 a a DT 10170 150 30 study study NN 10170 150 31 room room NN 10170 150 32 ( ( -LRB- 10170 150 33 see see VB 10170 150 34 figure figure NN 10170 150 35 10 10 CD 10170 150 36 ) ) -RRB- 10170 150 37 . . . 10170 151 1 Some some DT 10170 151 2 libraries library NNS 10170 151 3 only only RB 10170 151 4 reserve reserve VBP 10170 151 5 a a DT 10170 151 6 study study NN 10170 151 7 or or CC 10170 151 8 meeting meeting NN 10170 151 9 room room NN 10170 151 10 via via IN 10170 151 11 phone phone NN 10170 151 12 . . . 10170 152 1 100 100 CD 10170 152 2 % % NN 10170 152 3 100 100 CD 10170 152 4 % % NN 10170 152 5 76 76 CD 10170 152 6 % % NN 10170 152 7 67 67 CD 10170 152 8 % % NN 10170 152 9 57 57 CD 10170 152 10 % % NN 10170 152 11 49 49 CD 10170 152 12 % % NN 10170 152 13 41 41 CD 10170 152 14 % % NN 10170 152 15 19 19 CD 10170 152 16 % % NN 10170 152 17 12 12 CD 10170 152 18 % % NN 10170 152 19 12 12 CD 10170 152 20 % % NN 10170 152 21 9 9 CD 10170 152 22 % % NN 10170 152 23 0 0 CD 10170 152 24 % % NN 10170 152 25 20 20 CD 10170 152 26 % % NN 10170 152 27 40 40 CD 10170 152 28 % % NN 10170 152 29 60 60 CD 10170 152 30 % % NN 10170 152 31 80 80 CD 10170 152 32 % % NN 10170 152 33 100 100 CD 10170 152 34 % % NN 10170 152 35 Facebook Facebook NNP 10170 152 36 Twitter Twitter NNP 10170 152 37 Instagram Instagram NNP 10170 152 38 YouTube YouTube NNP 10170 152 39 Blog Blog NNP 10170 152 40 Pinterest Pinterest NNP 10170 152 41 Flickr Flickr NNP 10170 152 42 Tumblr Tumblr NNP 10170 152 43 LinkedIn linkedin NN 10170 152 44 Google+ Google+ NNP 10170 152 45 Goodreads Goodreads NNPS 10170 152 46 INFORMATION INFORMATION VBD 10170 152 47 TECHNOLOGY technology NN 10170 152 48 AND and CC 10170 152 49 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 10170 152 50 | | NNP 10170 152 51 JUNE JUNE NNP 10170 152 52 2018 2018 CD 10170 152 53 90 90 CD 10170 152 54 Figure figure NN 10170 152 55 10 10 CD 10170 152 56 . . . 10170 153 1 Mobile mobile JJ 10170 153 2 reservation reservation NN 10170 153 3 services service NNS 10170 153 4 provided provide VBN 10170 153 5 by by IN 10170 153 6 libraries library NNS 10170 153 7 . . . 10170 154 1 A a DT 10170 154 2 few few JJ 10170 154 3 libraries library NNS 10170 154 4 provide provide VBP 10170 154 5 instant instant JJ 10170 154 6 online online JJ 10170 154 7 access access NN 10170 154 8 to to IN 10170 154 9 free free JJ 10170 154 10 and and CC 10170 154 11 low low JJ 10170 154 12 - - HYPH 10170 154 13 cost cost NN 10170 154 14 tickets ticket NNS 10170 154 15 to to IN 10170 154 16 museums museum NNS 10170 154 17 , , , 10170 154 18 science science NN 10170 154 19 centers center NNS 10170 154 20 , , , 10170 154 21 zoos zoo NNS 10170 154 22 , , , 10170 154 23 theatres theatre NNS 10170 154 24 , , , 10170 154 25 and and CC 10170 154 26 other other JJ 10170 154 27 fun fun JJ 10170 154 28 local local JJ 10170 154 29 cultural cultural JJ 10170 154 30 venues venue NNS 10170 154 31 with with IN 10170 154 32 Discover Discover NNP 10170 154 33 & & CC 10170 154 34 Go Go NNP 10170 154 35 . . . 10170 155 1 A a DT 10170 155 2 total total NN 10170 155 3 of of IN 10170 155 4 14 14 CD 10170 155 5 % % NN 10170 155 6 of of IN 10170 155 7 the the DT 10170 155 8 libraries library NNS 10170 155 9 provide provide VBP 10170 155 10 “ " `` 10170 155 11 reserve reserve NNP 10170 155 12 a a DT 10170 155 13 librarian librarian JJ 10170 155 14 ” " '' 10170 155 15 service service NN 10170 155 16 , , , 10170 155 17 allowing allow VBG 10170 155 18 patrons patron NNS 10170 155 19 to to TO 10170 155 20 reserve reserve VB 10170 155 21 a a DT 10170 155 22 free free JJ 10170 155 23 session session NN 10170 155 24 with with IN 10170 155 25 a a DT 10170 155 26 reference reference NN 10170 155 27 librarian librarian NN 10170 155 28 or or CC 10170 155 29 subject subject JJ 10170 155 30 specialist specialist NN 10170 155 31 at at IN 10170 155 32 the the DT 10170 155 33 library library NN 10170 155 34 . . . 10170 156 1 In in IN 10170 156 2 addition addition NN 10170 156 3 , , , 10170 156 4 several several JJ 10170 156 5 libraries library NNS 10170 156 6 , , , 10170 156 7 such such JJ 10170 156 8 as as IN 10170 156 9 Pasadena Pasadena NNP 10170 156 10 Public Public NNP 10170 156 11 Library Library NNP 10170 156 12 , , , 10170 156 13 allow allow VB 10170 156 14 reserving reserving NN 10170 156 15 of of IN 10170 156 16 exhibit exhibit NN 10170 156 17 space space NN 10170 156 18 . . . 10170 157 1 How how WRB 10170 157 2 Many many JJ 10170 157 3 Libraries library NNS 10170 157 4 Provide provide VBP 10170 157 5 Mobile mobile NN 10170 157 6 Printing printing NN 10170 157 7 ? ? . 10170 158 1 Mobile mobile JJ 10170 158 2 printing printing NN 10170 158 3 services service NNS 10170 158 4 allow allow VBP 10170 158 5 patrons patron NNS 10170 158 6 to to TO 10170 158 7 print print VB 10170 158 8 to to IN 10170 158 9 a a DT 10170 158 10 library library NN 10170 158 11 printer printer NN 10170 158 12 from from IN 10170 158 13 outside outside IN 10170 158 14 the the DT 10170 158 15 library library NN 10170 158 16 or or CC 10170 158 17 from from IN 10170 158 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 10170 158 19 mobile mobile JJ 10170 158 20 device device NN 10170 158 21 . . . 10170 159 1 Patrons patron NNS 10170 159 2 ’ ’ POS 10170 159 3 print print NN 10170 159 4 jobs job NNS 10170 159 5 are be VBP 10170 159 6 available available JJ 10170 159 7 for for IN 10170 159 8 pick pick NN 10170 159 9 up up RP 10170 159 10 at at IN 10170 159 11 the the DT 10170 159 12 library library NN 10170 159 13 . . . 10170 160 1 Already already RB 10170 160 2 , , , 10170 160 3 43 43 CD 10170 160 4 % % NN 10170 160 5 of of IN 10170 160 6 the the DT 10170 160 7 libraries library NNS 10170 160 8 provide provide VBP 10170 160 9 mobile mobile JJ 10170 160 10 printing printing NN 10170 160 11 service service NN 10170 160 12 ( ( -LRB- 10170 160 13 see see VB 10170 160 14 figure figure NN 10170 160 15 11 11 CD 10170 160 16 ) ) -RRB- 10170 160 17 . . . 10170 161 1 It -PRON- PRP 10170 161 2 is be VBZ 10170 161 3 expected expect VBN 10170 161 4 that that IN 10170 161 5 more more JJR 10170 161 6 libraries library NNS 10170 161 7 will will MD 10170 161 8 provide provide VB 10170 161 9 this this DT 10170 161 10 service service NN 10170 161 11 . . . 10170 162 1 To to TO 10170 162 2 print print VB 10170 162 3 from from IN 10170 162 4 a a DT 10170 162 5 mobile mobile JJ 10170 162 6 device device NN 10170 162 7 , , , 10170 162 8 patrons patron NNS 10170 162 9 need need VBP 10170 162 10 to to TO 10170 162 11 download download VB 10170 162 12 an an DT 10170 162 13 app app NN 10170 162 14 that that WDT 10170 162 15 supports support VBZ 10170 162 16 mobile mobile NNP 10170 162 17 printing printing NN 10170 162 18 . . . 10170 163 1 PrinterOn printeron NN 10170 163 2 is be VBZ 10170 163 3 the the DT 10170 163 4 more more RBR 10170 163 5 commonly commonly RB 10170 163 6 used use VBN 10170 163 7 app app NN 10170 163 8 , , , 10170 163 9 which which WDT 10170 163 10 has have VBZ 10170 163 11 been be VBN 10170 163 12 used use VBN 10170 163 13 by by IN 10170 163 14 Oakland Oakland NNP 10170 163 15 Public Public NNP 10170 163 16 Library Library NNP 10170 163 17 , , , 10170 163 18 and and CC 10170 163 19 San San NNP 10170 163 20 Mateo Mateo NNP 10170 163 21 County County NNP 10170 163 22 ( ( -LRB- 10170 163 23 California California NNP 10170 163 24 ) ) -RRB- 10170 163 25 Libraries library NNS 10170 163 26 , , , 10170 163 27 and and CC 10170 163 28 others other NNS 10170 163 29 . . . 10170 164 1 However however RB 10170 164 2 , , , 10170 164 3 San San NNP 10170 164 4 Diego Diego NNP 10170 164 5 Public Public NNP 10170 164 6 Library Library NNP 10170 164 7 uses use VBZ 10170 164 8 the the DT 10170 164 9 Your -PRON- PRP$ 10170 164 10 Print Print NNP 10170 164 11 Cloud Cloud NNP 10170 164 12 print print NN 10170 164 13 system system NN 10170 164 14 , , , 10170 164 15 and and CC 10170 164 16 Santa Santa NNP 10170 164 17 Clara Clara NNP 10170 164 18 County County NNP 10170 164 19 ( ( -LRB- 10170 164 20 California California NNP 10170 164 21 ) ) -RRB- 10170 164 22 Library Library NNP 10170 164 23 uses use VBZ 10170 164 24 Smart Smart NNP 10170 164 25 Alec Alec NNP 10170 164 26 . . . 10170 165 1 San San NNP 10170 165 2 Mateo Mateo NNP 10170 165 3 County County NNP 10170 165 4 Libraries Libraries NNPS 10170 165 5 offers offer VBZ 10170 165 6 wireless wireless JJ 10170 165 7 printing printing NN 10170 165 8 from from IN 10170 165 9 smartphones smartphone NNS 10170 165 10 , , , 10170 165 11 tablets tablet NNS 10170 165 12 , , , 10170 165 13 and and CC 10170 165 14 laptops laptop NNS 10170 165 15 at at RB 10170 165 16 all all DT 10170 165 17 of of IN 10170 165 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 10170 165 19 locations location NNS 10170 165 20 , , , 10170 165 21 and and CC 10170 165 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 10170 165 23 wireless wireless JJ 10170 165 24 printing printing NN 10170 165 25 includes include VBZ 10170 165 26 mobile mobile JJ 10170 165 27 printing printing NN 10170 165 28 , , , 10170 165 29 web web NN 10170 165 30 printing printing NN 10170 165 31 , , , 10170 165 32 and and CC 10170 165 33 email email NN 10170 165 34 printing printing NN 10170 165 35 . . . 10170 166 1 In in IN 10170 166 2 addition addition NN 10170 166 3 , , , 10170 166 4 14 14 CD 10170 166 5 % % NN 10170 166 6 of of IN 10170 166 7 libraries library NNS 10170 166 8 offer offer VBP 10170 166 9 wireless wireless JJ 10170 166 10 printing printing NN 10170 166 11 services service NNS 10170 166 12 but but CC 10170 166 13 do do VBP 10170 166 14 not not RB 10170 166 15 provide provide VB 10170 166 16 mobile mobile JJ 10170 166 17 printing printing NN 10170 166 18 services service NNS 10170 166 19 . . . 10170 167 1 For for IN 10170 167 2 example example NN 10170 167 3 , , , 10170 167 4 Live live JJ 10170 167 5 Oak Oak NNP 10170 167 6 Public Public NNP 10170 167 7 Libraries Libraries NNPS 10170 167 8 in in IN 10170 167 9 Savannah Savannah NNP 10170 167 10 , , , 10170 167 11 Georgia Georgia NNP 10170 167 12 , , , 10170 167 13 states state VBZ 10170 167 14 that that IN 10170 167 15 printing print VBG 10170 167 16 from from IN 10170 167 17 laptops laptop NNS 10170 167 18 ( ( -LRB- 10170 167 19 PC PC NNP 10170 167 20 and and CC 10170 167 21 Mac Mac NNP 10170 167 22 ) ) -RRB- 10170 167 23 is be VBZ 10170 167 24 available available JJ 10170 167 25 in in IN 10170 167 26 all all DT 10170 167 27 branches branch NNS 10170 167 28 , , , 10170 167 29 but but CC 10170 167 30 they -PRON- PRP 10170 167 31 do do VBP 10170 167 32 n’t not RB 10170 167 33 have have VB 10170 167 34 apps app NNS 10170 167 35 that that WDT 10170 167 36 support support NN 10170 167 37 printing print VBG 10170 167 38 from from IN 10170 167 39 tablets tablet NNS 10170 167 40 or or CC 10170 167 41 mobile mobile JJ 10170 167 42 phones phone NNS 10170 167 43 . . . 10170 168 1 62 62 CD 10170 168 2 % % NN 10170 168 3 20 20 CD 10170 168 4 % % NN 10170 168 5 15 15 CD 10170 168 6 % % NN 10170 168 7 14 14 CD 10170 168 8 % % NN 10170 168 9 14 14 CD 10170 168 10 % % NN 10170 168 11 4 4 CD 10170 168 12 % % NN 10170 168 13 0 0 CD 10170 168 14 % % NN 10170 168 15 10 10 CD 10170 168 16 % % NN 10170 168 17 20 20 CD 10170 168 18 % % NN 10170 168 19 30 30 CD 10170 168 20 % % NN 10170 168 21 40 40 CD 10170 168 22 % % NN 10170 168 23 50 50 CD 10170 168 24 % % NN 10170 168 25 60 60 CD 10170 168 26 % % NN 10170 168 27 70 70 CD 10170 168 28 % % NN 10170 168 29 Reserve Reserve NNP 10170 168 30 a a DT 10170 168 31 meeting meeting NN 10170 168 32 room room NN 10170 168 33 Reserve reserve VB 10170 168 34 a a DT 10170 168 35 computer computer NN 10170 168 36 Reserve Reserve NNP 10170 168 37 a a DT 10170 168 38 museum museum NN 10170 168 39 pass pass NN 10170 168 40 Reserve Reserve NNP 10170 168 41 a a DT 10170 168 42 study study NN 10170 168 43 room room NN 10170 168 44 Reserve reserve VB 10170 168 45 a a DT 10170 168 46 librarian librarian JJ 10170 168 47 Reserve Reserve NNP 10170 168 48 exhibit exhibit NN 10170 168 49 space space NN 10170 168 50 THE the DT 10170 168 51 PROVISION PROVISION NNP 10170 168 52 OF of IN 10170 168 53 MOBILE MOBILE NNP 10170 168 54 SERVICES SERVICES NNP 10170 168 55 IN in IN 10170 168 56 US US NNP 10170 168 57 URBAN URBAN NNP 10170 168 58 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 10170 168 59 | | NNP 10170 168 60 GUO GUO NNP 10170 168 61 , , , 10170 168 62 LIU LIU NNP 10170 168 63 , , , 10170 168 64 AND and CC 10170 168 65 BIELEFIELD bielefield NN 10170 168 66 91 91 CD 10170 168 67 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i2.10170 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i2.10170 NNP 10170 168 68 Figure figure NN 10170 168 69 11 11 CD 10170 168 70 . . . 10170 169 1 The the DT 10170 169 2 proportion proportion NN 10170 169 3 of of IN 10170 169 4 libraries library NNS 10170 169 5 that that WDT 10170 169 6 offer offer VBP 10170 169 7 mobile mobile JJ 10170 169 8 printing printing NN 10170 169 9 . . . 10170 170 1 What what WP 10170 170 2 Apps Apps NNP 10170 170 3 or or CC 10170 170 4 Databases database NNS 10170 170 5 do do VBP 10170 170 6 Libraries library NNS 10170 170 7 Provide provide VB 10170 170 8 for for IN 10170 170 9 Patrons patron NNS 10170 170 10 ? ? . 10170 171 1 Four four CD 10170 171 2 main main JJ 10170 171 3 software software NN 10170 171 4 programs program NNS 10170 171 5 found find VBN 10170 171 6 to to TO 10170 171 7 be be VB 10170 171 8 used use VBN 10170 171 9 to to TO 10170 171 10 display display VB 10170 171 11 e e NN 10170 171 12 - - HYPH 10170 171 13 books book NNS 10170 171 14 of of IN 10170 171 15 the the DT 10170 171 16 surveyed survey VBN 10170 171 17 libraries library NNS 10170 171 18 are be VBP 10170 171 19 Overdrive overdrive JJ 10170 171 20 ( ( -LRB- 10170 171 21 93 93 CD 10170 171 22 % % NN 10170 171 23 ) ) -RRB- 10170 171 24 , , , 10170 171 25 Hoopla Hoopla NNP 10170 171 26 ( ( -LRB- 10170 171 27 64 64 CD 10170 171 28 % % NN 10170 171 29 ) ) -RRB- 10170 171 30 , , , 10170 171 31 Tumblebook Tumblebook NNP 10170 171 32 ( ( -LRB- 10170 171 33 61 61 CD 10170 171 34 % % NN 10170 171 35 ) ) -RRB- 10170 171 36 , , , 10170 171 37 and and CC 10170 171 38 Cloud Cloud NNP 10170 171 39 Library Library NNP 10170 171 40 ( ( -LRB- 10170 171 41 48 48 CD 10170 171 42 % % NN 10170 171 43 ) ) -RRB- 10170 171 44 . . . 10170 172 1 For for IN 10170 172 2 audiobooks audiobook NNS 10170 172 3 , , , 10170 172 4 Overdrive Overdrive NNP 10170 172 5 ( ( -LRB- 10170 172 6 93 93 CD 10170 172 7 % % NN 10170 172 8 ) ) -RRB- 10170 172 9 and and CC 10170 172 10 Hoopla Hoopla NNP 10170 172 11 ( ( -LRB- 10170 172 12 64 64 CD 10170 172 13 % % NN 10170 172 14 ) ) -RRB- 10170 172 15 are be VBP 10170 172 16 the the DT 10170 172 17 most most RBS 10170 172 18 popular popular JJ 10170 172 19 ; ; : 10170 172 20 oneclickdigital oneclickdigital JJ 10170 172 21 is be VBZ 10170 172 22 used use VBN 10170 172 23 by by IN 10170 172 24 48 48 CD 10170 172 25 % % NN 10170 172 26 . . . 10170 173 1 Most Most JJS 10170 173 2 libraries library NNS 10170 173 3 ( ( -LRB- 10170 173 4 74 74 CD 10170 173 5 % % NN 10170 173 6 ) ) -RRB- 10170 173 7 use use VBP 10170 173 8 Zinio Zinio NNP 10170 173 9 for for IN 10170 173 10 e e NN 10170 173 11 - - NNS 10170 173 12 magazines magazine NNS 10170 173 13 , , , 10170 173 14 and and CC 10170 173 15 48 48 CD 10170 173 16 % % NN 10170 173 17 use use NN 10170 173 18 the the DT 10170 173 19 music music NN 10170 173 20 software software NN 10170 173 21 Freegal Freegal NNP 10170 173 22 . . . 10170 174 1 Overdrive overdrive JJ 10170 174 2 is be VBZ 10170 174 3 the the DT 10170 174 4 most most RBS 10170 174 5 common common JJ 10170 174 6 application application NN 10170 174 7 in in IN 10170 174 8 libraries library NNS 10170 174 9 ( ( -LRB- 10170 174 10 see see VB 10170 174 11 table table NN 10170 174 12 2 2 CD 10170 174 13 ) ) -RRB- 10170 174 14 . . . 10170 175 1 Table table NN 10170 175 2 2 2 CD 10170 175 3 . . . 10170 176 1 The the DT 10170 176 2 proportion proportion NN 10170 176 3 of of IN 10170 176 4 apps app NNS 10170 176 5 or or CC 10170 176 6 databases database NNS 10170 176 7 being be VBG 10170 176 8 used use VBN 10170 176 9 in in IN 10170 176 10 libraries library NNS 10170 176 11 . . . 10170 177 1 Apps app NNS 10170 177 2 or or CC 10170 177 3 Databases database VBZ 10170 177 4 % % NN 10170 177 5 of of IN 10170 177 6 Libraries library NNS 10170 177 7 Providing provide VBG 10170 177 8 Apps app NNS 10170 177 9 or or CC 10170 177 10 Databases database VBZ 10170 177 11 % % NN 10170 177 12 of of IN 10170 177 13 Libraries library NNS 10170 177 14 Providing provide VBG 10170 177 15 Overdrive overdrive JJ 10170 177 16 93 93 CD 10170 177 17 World World NNP 10170 177 18 Book Book NNP 10170 177 19 46 46 CD 10170 177 20 NoveList NoveList NNP 10170 177 21 79 79 CD 10170 177 22 New New NNP 10170 177 23 York York NNP 10170 177 24 Times Times NNP 10170 177 25 44 44 CD 10170 177 26 ReferenceUSA referenceusa CD 10170 177 27 74 74 CD 10170 177 28 MasterFILE masterfile CD 10170 177 29 43 43 CD 10170 177 30 Zinio Zinio NNP 10170 177 31 74 74 CD 10170 177 32 EBSCOhost ebscohost NN 10170 177 33 43 43 CD 10170 177 34 LearningExpress LearningExpress NNP 10170 177 35 69 69 CD 10170 177 36 Flipster Flipster NNP 10170 177 37 29 29 CD 10170 177 38 Gale Gale NNP 10170 177 39 Virtual virtual JJ 10170 177 40 68 68 CD 10170 177 41 BookFlix BookFlix NNP 10170 177 42 28 28 CD 10170 177 43 Hoopla Hoopla NNP 10170 177 44 64 64 CD 10170 177 45 Brainfuse Brainfuse NNP 10170 177 46 22 22 CD 10170 177 47 Morningstar Morningstar NNP 10170 177 48 64 64 CD 10170 177 49 Tutor.com tutor.com NN 10170 177 50 17 17 CD 10170 177 51 Mango Mango NNP 10170 177 52 Languages Languages NNP 10170 177 53 61 61 CD 10170 177 54 Safari Safari NNP 10170 177 55 17 17 CD 10170 177 56 TumbleBook TumbleBook NNP 10170 177 57 61 61 CD 10170 177 58 Driving-Tests.org driving-tests.org NN 10170 177 59 16 16 CD 10170 177 60 Lynda.com Lynda.com NNP 10170 177 61 57 57 CD 10170 177 62 BiblioBoard BiblioBoard NNP 10170 177 63 12 12 CD 10170 177 64 WorldCat WorldCat NNP 10170 177 65 51 51 CD 10170 177 66 Career Career NNP 10170 177 67 Transitions transition NNS 10170 177 68 12 12 CD 10170 177 69 Freegal Freegal NNP 10170 177 70 48 48 CD 10170 177 71 Axis Axis NNP 10170 177 72 360 360 CD 10170 177 73 11 11 CD 10170 177 74 OneClick OneClick NNP 10170 177 75 Digital Digital NNP 10170 177 76 48 48 CD 10170 177 77 InstantFlix InstantFlix NNP 10170 177 78 10 10 CD 10170 177 79 Cloud Cloud NNP 10170 177 80 Library Library NNP 10170 177 81 48 48 CD 10170 177 82 Freading freade VBG 10170 177 83 9 9 CD 10170 177 84 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 177 85 printing print VBG 10170 177 86 43 43 CD 10170 177 87 % % NN 10170 177 88 No No NNP 10170 177 89 Wireless wireless NN 10170 177 90 / / SYM 10170 177 91 mobile mobile NN 10170 177 92 printing print VBG 10170 177 93 42 42 CD 10170 177 94 % % NN 10170 177 95 Wireless Wireless NNP 10170 177 96 printing printing NN 10170 177 97 14 14 CD 10170 177 98 % % NN 10170 177 99 INFORMATION information JJ 10170 177 100 TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY NNP 10170 177 101 AND and CC 10170 177 102 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 10170 177 103 | | NNP 10170 177 104 JUNE JUNE NNP 10170 177 105 2018 2018 CD 10170 177 106 92 92 CD 10170 177 107 The the DT 10170 177 108 libraries library NNS 10170 177 109 provide provide VBP 10170 177 110 users user NNS 10170 177 111 with with IN 10170 177 112 various various JJ 10170 177 113 types type NNS 10170 177 114 of of IN 10170 177 115 databases database NNS 10170 177 116 . . . 10170 178 1 Survey survey NN 10170 178 2 statistics statistic NNS 10170 178 3 show show VBP 10170 178 4 that that IN 10170 178 5 the the DT 10170 178 6 widely widely RB 10170 178 7 used use VBN 10170 178 8 databases database NNS 10170 178 9 include include VBP 10170 178 10 ReferenceUSA ReferenceUSA NNP 10170 178 11 ( ( -LRB- 10170 178 12 business business NN 10170 178 13 ) ) -RRB- 10170 178 14 , , , 10170 178 15 Mango Mango NNP 10170 178 16 Languages Languages NNP 10170 178 17 ( ( -LRB- 10170 178 18 language language NN 10170 178 19 learning learning NN 10170 178 20 ) ) -RRB- 10170 178 21 , , , 10170 178 22 LearningExpress LearningExpress NNP 10170 178 23 and and CC 10170 178 24 Career Career NNP 10170 178 25 Transitions Transitions NNPS 10170 178 26 ( ( -LRB- 10170 178 27 job job NN 10170 178 28 and and CC 10170 178 29 career career NN 10170 178 30 ) ) -RRB- 10170 178 31 , , , 10170 178 32 Lynda.com Lynda.com NNP 10170 178 33 and and CC 10170 178 34 Tutor.com Tutor.com NNP 10170 178 35 ( ( -LRB- 10170 178 36 education education NN 10170 178 37 ) ) -RRB- 10170 178 38 , , , 10170 178 39 Morningstar Morningstar NNP 10170 178 40 ( ( -LRB- 10170 178 41 investment investment NN 10170 178 42 ) ) -RRB- 10170 178 43 , , , 10170 178 44 World World NNP 10170 178 45 Book Book NNP 10170 178 46 ( ( -LRB- 10170 178 47 encyclopedias encyclopedias NNP 10170 178 48 ) ) -RRB- 10170 178 49 , , , 10170 178 50 WorldCat WorldCat NNP 10170 178 51 ( ( -LRB- 10170 178 52 library library JJ 10170 178 53 resources resource NNS 10170 178 54 worldwide worldwide RB 10170 178 55 ) ) -RRB- 10170 178 56 , , , 10170 178 57 New New NNP 10170 178 58 York York NNP 10170 178 59 Times Times NNP 10170 178 60 ( ( -LRB- 10170 178 61 newspaper newspaper NN 10170 178 62 articles article NNS 10170 178 63 ) ) -RRB- 10170 178 64 , , , 10170 178 65 Driving-Tests.org driving-tests.org FW 10170 178 66 ( ( -LRB- 10170 178 67 testing test VBG 10170 178 68 preparation preparation NN 10170 178 69 ) ) -RRB- 10170 178 70 , , , 10170 178 71 and and CC 10170 178 72 Safari Safari NNP 10170 178 73 ( ( -LRB- 10170 178 74 technology technology NN 10170 178 75 ) ) -RRB- 10170 178 76 . . . 10170 179 1 CONCLUSION CONCLUSION NNP 10170 179 2 This this DT 10170 179 3 study study NN 10170 179 4 shows show VBZ 10170 179 5 that that IN 10170 179 6 mobile mobile JJ 10170 179 7 services service NNS 10170 179 8 have have VBP 10170 179 9 become become VBN 10170 179 10 popular popular JJ 10170 179 11 in in IN 10170 179 12 US US NNP 10170 179 13 urban urban JJ 10170 179 14 libraries library NNS 10170 179 15 as as IN 10170 179 16 of of IN 10170 179 17 summer summer NN 10170 179 18 2017 2017 CD 10170 179 19 , , , 10170 179 20 with with IN 10170 179 21 95 95 CD 10170 179 22 % % NN 10170 179 23 offering offer VBG 10170 179 24 one one CD 10170 179 25 or or CC 10170 179 26 more more JJR 10170 179 27 types type NNS 10170 179 28 of of IN 10170 179 29 mobile mobile JJ 10170 179 30 service service NN 10170 179 31 . . . 10170 180 1 Responsive responsive JJ 10170 180 2 mobile mobile NN 10170 180 3 websites website NNS 10170 180 4 and and CC 10170 180 5 mobile mobile NN 10170 180 6 apps app NNS 10170 180 7 are be VBP 10170 180 8 the the DT 10170 180 9 main main JJ 10170 180 10 platforms platform NNS 10170 180 11 of of IN 10170 180 12 current current JJ 10170 180 13 mobile mobile JJ 10170 180 14 services service NNS 10170 180 15 . . . 10170 181 1 The the DT 10170 181 2 US US NNP 10170 181 3 urban urban JJ 10170 181 4 libraries library NNS 10170 181 5 are be VBP 10170 181 6 terribly terribly RB 10170 181 7 striving strive VBG 10170 181 8 to to TO 10170 181 9 meet meet VB 10170 181 10 local local JJ 10170 181 11 community community NN 10170 181 12 ’s ’s POS 10170 181 13 remote remote JJ 10170 181 14 access access NN 10170 181 15 needs need VBZ 10170 181 16 via via IN 10170 181 17 new new JJ 10170 181 18 technologies technology NNS 10170 181 19 . . . 10170 182 1 Compared compare VBN 10170 182 2 with with IN 10170 182 3 desktop desktop NN 10170 182 4 websites website NNS 10170 182 5 , , , 10170 182 6 mobile mobile NN 10170 182 7 websites website NNS 10170 182 8 and and CC 10170 182 9 apps app NNS 10170 182 10 for for IN 10170 182 11 mobile mobile JJ 10170 182 12 devices device NNS 10170 182 13 offer offer VBP 10170 182 14 services service NNS 10170 182 15 that that WDT 10170 182 16 are be VBP 10170 182 17 more more RBR 10170 182 18 accessible accessible JJ 10170 182 19 , , , 10170 182 20 smarter smart JJR 10170 182 21 and and CC 10170 182 22 interactive interactive JJ 10170 182 23 for for IN 10170 182 24 local local JJ 10170 182 25 users user NNS 10170 182 26 . . . 10170 183 1 Some some DT 10170 183 2 mobile mobile JJ 10170 183 3 websites website NNS 10170 183 4 automatically automatically RB 10170 183 5 prompt prompt VBP 10170 183 6 the the DT 10170 183 7 user user NN 10170 183 8 to to TO 10170 183 9 install install VB 10170 183 10 the the DT 10170 183 11 libraries library NNS 10170 183 12 ’ ’ POS 10170 183 13 apps app NNS 10170 183 14 ; ; : 10170 183 15 many many JJ 10170 183 16 libraries library NNS 10170 183 17 ’ ’ POS 10170 183 18 apps app NNS 10170 183 19 offer offer VBP 10170 183 20 the the DT 10170 183 21 “ " `` 10170 183 22 Scan Scan NNP 10170 183 23 ISBN ISBN NNP 10170 183 24 ” " '' 10170 183 25 function function NN 10170 183 26 , , , 10170 183 27 making make VBG 10170 183 28 it -PRON- PRP 10170 183 29 convenient convenient JJ 10170 183 30 for for IN 10170 183 31 the the DT 10170 183 32 user user NN 10170 183 33 to to TO 10170 183 34 scan scan VB 10170 183 35 a a DT 10170 183 36 book book NN 10170 183 37 title title NN 10170 183 38 at at IN 10170 183 39 any any DT 10170 183 40 time time NN 10170 183 41 to to TO 10170 183 42 see see VB 10170 183 43 if if IN 10170 183 44 it -PRON- PRP 10170 183 45 is be VBZ 10170 183 46 in in IN 10170 183 47 the the DT 10170 183 48 library library NN 10170 183 49 ’s ’s POS 10170 183 50 collection collection NN 10170 183 51 ; ; : 10170 183 52 “ " `` 10170 183 53 Location location NN 10170 183 54 ” " '' 10170 183 55 provides provide VBZ 10170 183 56 GPS gps NNS 10170 183 57 positioning positioning NN 10170 183 58 and and CC 10170 183 59 navigation navigation NN 10170 183 60 services service NNS 10170 183 61 for for IN 10170 183 62 users user NNS 10170 183 63 ; ; : 10170 183 64 “ " `` 10170 183 65 Contact contact VB 10170 183 66 us -PRON- PRP 10170 183 67 ” " '' 10170 183 68 can can MD 10170 183 69 directly directly RB 10170 183 70 link link VB 10170 183 71 telephone telephone NN 10170 183 72 , , , 10170 183 73 text text NN 10170 183 74 , , , 10170 183 75 and and CC 10170 183 76 email email NN 10170 183 77 . . . 10170 184 1 Libraries library NNS 10170 184 2 are be VBP 10170 184 3 actively actively RB 10170 184 4 developing develop VBG 10170 184 5 and and CC 10170 184 6 adding add VBG 10170 184 7 more more RBR 10170 184 8 mobile mobile JJ 10170 184 9 services service NNS 10170 184 10 , , , 10170 184 11 such such JJ 10170 184 12 as as IN 10170 184 13 mobile mobile JJ 10170 184 14 reservation reservation NN 10170 184 15 services service NNS 10170 184 16 and and CC 10170 184 17 mobile mobile NN 10170 184 18 printing printing NN 10170 184 19 services service NNS 10170 184 20 . . . 10170 185 1 The the DT 10170 185 2 development development NN 10170 185 3 of of IN 10170 185 4 mobile mobile JJ 10170 185 5 technology technology NN 10170 185 6 has have VBZ 10170 185 7 provided provide VBN 10170 185 8 the the DT 10170 185 9 support support NN 10170 185 10 for for IN 10170 185 11 libraries library NNS 10170 185 12 to to TO 10170 185 13 offer offer VB 10170 185 14 mobile mobile NN 10170 185 15 services service NNS 10170 185 16 . . . 10170 186 1 A a DT 10170 186 2 future future JJ 10170 186 3 world world NN 10170 186 4 of of IN 10170 186 5 users user NNS 10170 186 6 accessing access VBG 10170 186 7 services service NNS 10170 186 8 provided provide VBN 10170 186 9 by by IN 10170 186 10 the the DT 10170 186 11 libraries library NNS 10170 186 12 at at IN 10170 186 13 anytime anytime RB 10170 186 14 , , , 10170 186 15 anywhere anywhere RB 10170 186 16 , , , 10170 186 17 and and CC 10170 186 18 in in IN 10170 186 19 any any DT 10170 186 20 way way NN 10170 186 21 is be VBZ 10170 186 22 getting get VBG 10170 186 23 closer close JJR 10170 186 24 and and CC 10170 186 25 closer close JJR 10170 186 26 . . . 10170 187 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS NNP 10170 187 2 This this DT 10170 187 3 work work NN 10170 187 4 was be VBD 10170 187 5 supported support VBN 10170 187 6 by by IN 10170 187 7 grant grant NN 10170 187 8 no no UH 10170 187 9 . . . 10170 188 1 14CTQ028 14ctq028 CD 10170 188 2 from from IN 10170 188 3 the the DT 10170 188 4 National National NNP 10170 188 5 Social Social NNP 10170 188 6 Science Science NNP 10170 188 7 Foundation Foundation NNP 10170 188 8 of of IN 10170 188 9 China China NNP 10170 188 10 . . . 10170 189 1 REFERENCES reference NNS 10170 189 2 1Jason 1Jason NNP 10170 189 3 Griffey Griffey NNP 10170 189 4 , , , 10170 189 5 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 189 6 Technology Technology NNP 10170 189 7 and and CC 10170 189 8 Libraries Libraries NNP 10170 189 9 ( ( -LRB- 10170 189 10 New New NNP 10170 189 11 York York NNP 10170 189 12 : : : 10170 189 13 Neal Neal NNP 10170 189 14 - - HYPH 10170 189 15 Schuman Schuman NNP 10170 189 16 , , , 10170 189 17 2010 2010 CD 10170 189 18 ) ) -RRB- 10170 189 19 . . . 10170 190 1 2Meredith 2meredith CD 10170 190 2 Farkas Farkas NNPS 10170 190 3 , , , 10170 190 4 “ " `` 10170 190 5 A a DT 10170 190 6 Library Library NNP 10170 190 7 in in IN 10170 190 8 Your -PRON- PRP$ 10170 190 9 Pocket pocket NN 10170 190 10 , , , 10170 190 11 ” " '' 10170 190 12 American american JJ 10170 190 13 Libraries library NNS 10170 190 14 no no UH 10170 190 15 . . . 10170 191 1 41 41 CD 10170 191 2 ( ( -LRB- 10170 191 3 2010 2010 CD 10170 191 4 ) ) -RRB- 10170 191 5 : : : 10170 191 6 38 38 CD 10170 191 7 . . . 10170 192 1 3American 3American NNP 10170 192 2 Library Library NNP 10170 192 3 Association Association NNP 10170 192 4 , , , 10170 192 5 “ " `` 10170 192 6 The the DT 10170 192 7 State State NNP 10170 192 8 of of IN 10170 192 9 America America NNP 10170 192 10 ’s ’s POS 10170 192 11 Libraries library NNS 10170 192 12 2017 2017 CD 10170 192 13 : : : 10170 192 14 A a DT 10170 192 15 Report report NN 10170 192 16 from from IN 10170 192 17 the the DT 10170 192 18 American American NNP 10170 192 19 Library Library NNP 10170 192 20 Association Association NNP 10170 192 21 , , , 10170 192 22 ” " '' 10170 192 23 special special JJ 10170 192 24 report report NN 10170 192 25 , , , 10170 192 26 American American NNP 10170 192 27 Libraries Libraries NNPS 10170 192 28 , , , 10170 192 29 April April NNP 10170 192 30 2017 2017 CD 10170 192 31 , , , 10170 192 32 http://www.ala.org/news/sites/ala.org.news/files/content/State-of-Americas-Libraries- http://www.ala.org/news/sites/ala.org.news/files/content/State-of-Americas-Libraries- NNP 10170 192 33 Report-2017.pdf Report-2017.pdf NNP 10170 192 34 . . . 10170 193 1 4Mark 4Mark NNP 10170 193 2 Weiser Weiser NNP 10170 193 3 , , , 10170 193 4 “ " `` 10170 193 5 The the DT 10170 193 6 Computer Computer NNP 10170 193 7 for for IN 10170 193 8 the the DT 10170 193 9 21st 21st JJ 10170 193 10 Century Century NNP 10170 193 11 , , , 10170 193 12 ” " '' 10170 193 13 Scientific scientific JJ 10170 193 14 American American NNP 10170 193 15 265 265 CD 10170 193 16 , , , 10170 193 17 no no UH 10170 193 18 . . . 10170 194 1 3 3 CD 10170 194 2 ( ( -LRB- 10170 194 3 1991 1991 CD 10170 194 4 ) ) -RRB- 10170 194 5 : : : 10170 194 6 94–104 94–104 CD 10170 194 7 . . . 10170 195 1 5Stefan 5Stefan NNP 10170 195 2 Gessler Gessler NNP 10170 195 3 and and CC 10170 195 4 Andreas Andreas NNP 10170 195 5 Kotulla Kotulla NNP 10170 195 6 , , , 10170 195 7 “ " `` 10170 195 8 PDAs pda NNS 10170 195 9 as as IN 10170 195 10 mobile mobile JJ 10170 195 11 WWW WWW NNP 10170 195 12 browsers browser NNS 10170 195 13 , , , 10170 195 14 ” " '' 10170 195 15 Computer Computer NNP 10170 195 16 Networks Networks NNPS 10170 195 17 and and CC 10170 195 18 ISDN ISDN NNP 10170 195 19 Systems Systems NNP 10170 195 20 28 28 CD 10170 195 21 , , , 10170 195 22 no no UH 10170 195 23 . . . 10170 196 1 1–2 1–2 CD 10170 196 2 ( ( -LRB- 10170 196 3 1995 1995 CD 10170 196 4 ) ) -RRB- 10170 196 5 : : : 10170 196 6 53–59 53–59 LS 10170 196 7 . . . 10170 197 1 6Georgina 6Georgina NNP 10170 197 2 Parsons Parsons NNP 10170 197 3 , , , 10170 197 4 “ " `` 10170 197 5 Information Information NNP 10170 197 6 Provision Provision NNP 10170 197 7 for for IN 10170 197 8 HE HE NNP 10170 197 9 Distance Distance NNP 10170 197 10 Learners Learners NNPS 10170 197 11 using use VBG 10170 197 12 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 197 13 Devices Devices NNPS 10170 197 14 , , , 10170 197 15 ” " '' 10170 197 16 Electronic Electronic NNP 10170 197 17 Library Library NNP 10170 197 18 28 28 CD 10170 197 19 , , , 10170 197 20 no no UH 10170 197 21 . . . 10170 198 1 2 2 CD 10170 198 2 ( ( -LRB- 10170 198 3 2010 2010 CD 10170 198 4 ) ) -RRB- 10170 198 5 : : : 10170 198 6 231–44 231–44 CD 10170 198 7 , , , 10170 198 8 https://doi.org/10.1108/02640471011033594 https://doi.org/10.1108/02640471011033594 NN 10170 198 9 . . . 10170 199 1 http://www.ala.org/news/sites/ala.org.news/files/content/State-of-Americas-Libraries-Report-2017.pdf http://www.ala.org/news/sites/ala.org.news/files/content/State-of-Americas-Libraries-Report-2017.pdf NNP 10170 199 2 http://www.ala.org/news/sites/ala.org.news/files/content/State-of-Americas-Libraries-Report-2017.pdf http://www.ala.org/news/sites/ala.org.news/files/content/State-of-Americas-Libraries-Report-2017.pdf NNP 10170 199 3 https://doi.org/10.1108/02640471011033594 https://doi.org/10.1108/02640471011033594 VB 10170 199 4 THE the DT 10170 199 5 PROVISION provision NN 10170 199 6 OF of IN 10170 199 7 MOBILE MOBILE NNP 10170 199 8 SERVICES SERVICES NNP 10170 199 9 IN in IN 10170 199 10 US US NNP 10170 199 11 URBAN URBAN NNP 10170 199 12 LIBRARIES LIBRARIES NNP 10170 199 13 | | NNP 10170 199 14 GUO GUO NNP 10170 199 15 , , , 10170 199 16 LIU LIU NNP 10170 199 17 , , , 10170 199 18 AND and CC 10170 199 19 BIELEFIELD BIELEFIELD NNP 10170 199 20 93 93 CD 10170 199 21 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i2.10170 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v37i2.10170 VBD 10170 199 22 7Allison 7Allison NNP 10170 199 23 Woodruff Woodruff NNP 10170 199 24 et et FW 10170 199 25 al al NNP 10170 199 26 . . NNP 10170 199 27 , , , 10170 199 28 “ " `` 10170 199 29 Portable portable JJ 10170 199 30 , , , 10170 199 31 but but CC 10170 199 32 Not not RB 10170 199 33 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 199 34 : : : 10170 199 35 A a DT 10170 199 36 Study Study NNP 10170 199 37 of of IN 10170 199 38 Wireless Wireless NNP 10170 199 39 Laptops Laptops NNPS 10170 199 40 in in IN 10170 199 41 the the DT 10170 199 42 Home home NN 10170 199 43 , , , 10170 199 44 ” " '' 10170 199 45 International International NNP 10170 199 46 Conference Conference NNP 10170 199 47 on on IN 10170 199 48 Pervasive Pervasive NNP 10170 199 49 Computing Computing NNP 10170 199 50 4480 4480 CD 10170 199 51 ( ( -LRB- 10170 199 52 2007 2007 CD 10170 199 53 ) ) -RRB- 10170 199 54 : : : 10170 199 55 216–33 216–33 CD 10170 199 56 , , , 10170 199 57 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72037-9_13 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72037-9_13 ADD 10170 199 58 . . . 10170 200 1 8Joan 8Joan NNP 10170 200 2 K. K. NNP 10170 200 3 Lippincott Lippincott NNP 10170 200 4 , , , 10170 200 5 “ " `` 10170 200 6 A a DT 10170 200 7 Mobile mobile JJ 10170 200 8 Future future NN 10170 200 9 for for IN 10170 200 10 Academic Academic NNP 10170 200 11 Libraries Libraries NNPS 10170 200 12 , , , 10170 200 13 ” " '' 10170 200 14 Reference Reference NNP 10170 200 15 Services Services NNPS 10170 200 16 Review Review NNP 10170 200 17 38 38 CD 10170 200 18 , , , 10170 200 19 no no UH 10170 200 20 . . . 10170 201 1 2 2 CD 10170 201 2 ( ( -LRB- 10170 201 3 2010 2010 CD 10170 201 4 ) ) -RRB- 10170 201 5 : : : 10170 201 6 205–13 205–13 CD 10170 201 7 . . . 10170 202 1 9Rachel 9Rachel NNP 10170 202 2 Hu Hu NNP 10170 202 3 and and CC 10170 202 4 Alison Alison NNP 10170 202 5 Meir Meir NNP 10170 202 6 , , , 10170 202 7 “ " `` 10170 202 8 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 202 9 Strategy Strategy NNP 10170 202 10 Report Report NNP 10170 202 11 , , , 10170 202 12 ” " '' 10170 202 13 California California NNP 10170 202 14 Digital Digital NNP 10170 202 15 Library Library NNP 10170 202 16 , , , 10170 202 17 August August NNP 10170 202 18 18 18 CD 10170 202 19 , , , 10170 202 20 2010 2010 CD 10170 202 21 , , , 10170 202 22 https://confluence.ucop.edu/download/attachments/26476757/CDL+Mobile+Device+User+R https://confluence.ucop.edu/download/attachments/26476757/CDL+Mobile+Device+User+R NNP 10170 202 23 esearch_final.pdf?version=1 esearch_final.pdf?version=1 NNP 10170 202 24 . . . 10170 203 1 10Yan 10yan CD 10170 203 2 Quan Quan NNP 10170 203 3 Liu Liu NNP 10170 203 4 and and CC 10170 203 5 Sarah Sarah NNP 10170 203 6 Briggs Briggs NNP 10170 203 7 , , , 10170 203 8 “ " `` 10170 203 9 A a DT 10170 203 10 Library Library NNP 10170 203 11 in in IN 10170 203 12 the the DT 10170 203 13 Palm Palm NNP 10170 203 14 of of IN 10170 203 15 Your -PRON- PRP$ 10170 203 16 Hand hand NN 10170 203 17 : : : 10170 203 18 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 203 19 Services Services NNPS 10170 203 20 in in IN 10170 203 21 Top Top NNP 10170 203 22 100 100 CD 10170 203 23 University University NNP 10170 203 24 Libraries Libraries NNPS 10170 203 25 , , , 10170 203 26 ” " '' 10170 203 27 Information Information NNP 10170 203 28 Technology Technology NNP 10170 203 29 & & CC 10170 203 30 Libraries Libraries NNP 10170 203 31 34 34 CD 10170 203 32 , , , 10170 203 33 no no UH 10170 203 34 . . . 10170 204 1 2 2 CD 10170 204 2 ( ( -LRB- 10170 204 3 2015 2015 CD 10170 204 4 ) ) -RRB- 10170 204 5 : : : 10170 204 6 133–48 133–48 CD 10170 204 7 , , , 10170 204 8 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v34i2.5650 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v34i2.5650 UH 10170 204 9 . . . 10170 205 1 11Kitty 11Kitty NNP 10170 205 2 Pope Pope NNP 10170 205 3 et et NNP 10170 205 4 al al NNP 10170 205 5 . . NNP 10170 205 6 , , , 10170 205 7 “ " `` 10170 205 8 Twenty Twenty NNP 10170 205 9 - - HYPH 10170 205 10 First First NNP 10170 205 11 Century Century NNP 10170 205 12 Library Library NNP 10170 205 13 MUST MUST NNP 10170 205 14 - - HYPH 10170 205 15 HAVES haves VB 10170 205 16 : : : 10170 205 17 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 205 18 Library Library NNP 10170 205 19 Services Services NNPS 10170 205 20 , , , 10170 205 21 ” " '' 10170 205 22 Searcher Searcher NNP 10170 205 23 18 18 CD 10170 205 24 , , , 10170 205 25 no no UH 10170 205 26 . . . 10170 206 1 3 3 CD 10170 206 2 ( ( -LRB- 10170 206 3 2010 2010 CD 10170 206 4 ) ) -RRB- 10170 206 5 : : : 10170 206 6 44–47 44–47 LS 10170 206 7 . . . 10170 207 1 12Hu 12hu CD 10170 207 2 and and CC 10170 207 3 Meir Meir NNP 10170 207 4 , , , 10170 207 5 “ " `` 10170 207 6 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 207 7 Strategy Strategy NNP 10170 207 8 Report Report NNP 10170 207 9 . . . 10170 207 10 ” " '' 10170 207 11 13Qian 13Qian NNP 10170 207 12 and and CC 10170 207 13 Briggs Briggs NNP 10170 207 14 , , , 10170 207 15 “ " `` 10170 207 16 A a DT 10170 207 17 Library Library NNP 10170 207 18 in in IN 10170 207 19 the the DT 10170 207 20 Palm Palm NNP 10170 207 21 of of IN 10170 207 22 Your -PRON- PRP$ 10170 207 23 Hand Hand NNP 10170 207 24 . . . 10170 207 25 ” " '' 10170 207 26 14Kalah 14Kalah NNP 10170 207 27 Rogers Rogers NNP 10170 207 28 , , , 10170 207 29 “ " `` 10170 207 30 Academic Academic NNP 10170 207 31 and and CC 10170 207 32 Public Public NNP 10170 207 33 Libraries Libraries NNPS 10170 207 34 ’ ' '' 10170 207 35 Use Use NNP 10170 207 36 of of IN 10170 207 37 Web web NN 10170 207 38 2.0 2.0 CD 10170 207 39 Applications Applications NNPS 10170 207 40 and and CC 10170 207 41 Services Services NNPS 10170 207 42 in in IN 10170 207 43 Mississippi Mississippi NNP 10170 207 44 , , , 10170 207 45 ” " '' 10170 207 46 SLIS SLIS NNP 10170 207 47 Connecting connect VBG 10170 207 48 4 4 CD 10170 207 49 , , , 10170 207 50 no no UH 10170 207 51 . . . 10170 208 1 1 1 CD 10170 208 2 ( ( -LRB- 10170 208 3 2015 2015 CD 10170 208 4 ) ) -RRB- 10170 208 5 , , , 10170 208 6 https://doi.org/10.18785/slis.0401.08 https://doi.org/10.18785/slis.0401.08 NNP 10170 208 7 . . . 10170 209 1 15 15 CD 10170 209 2 Pope Pope NNP 10170 209 3 et et NNP 10170 209 4 al al NNP 10170 209 5 . . NNP 10170 209 6 , , , 10170 209 7 “ " `` 10170 209 8 Twenty Twenty NNP 10170 209 9 - - HYPH 10170 209 10 First First NNP 10170 209 11 Century Century NNP 10170 209 12 Library Library NNP 10170 209 13 MUST MUST NNP 10170 209 14 - - HYPH 10170 209 15 HAVES HAVES NNP 10170 209 16 . . . 10170 209 17 ” " '' 10170 209 18 16Lorraine 16lorraine CD 10170 209 19 Paterson Paterson NNP 10170 209 20 and and CC 10170 209 21 Low Low NNP 10170 209 22 Boon Boon NNP 10170 209 23 , , , 10170 209 24 “ " `` 10170 209 25 Usability Usability NNP 10170 209 26 Inspection Inspection NNP 10170 209 27 of of IN 10170 209 28 Digital Digital NNP 10170 209 29 Libraries Libraries NNPS 10170 209 30 : : : 10170 209 31 A a DT 10170 209 32 Case Case NNP 10170 209 33 Study Study NNP 10170 209 34 , , , 10170 209 35 ” " '' 10170 209 36 Ariadne Ariadne NNP 10170 209 37 63 63 CD 10170 209 38 , , , 10170 209 39 no no UH 10170 209 40 . . . 10170 210 1 1 1 CD 10170 210 2 ( ( -LRB- 10170 210 3 2010 2010 CD 10170 210 4 ) ) -RRB- 10170 210 5 : : : 10170 210 6 11 11 CD 10170 210 7 , , , 10170 210 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00799-003-0074-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00799-003-0074-4 CD 10170 210 9 . . . 10170 211 1 [ [ -LRB- 10170 211 2 website website NN 10170 211 3 lists list NNS 10170 211 4 H. H. NNP 10170 211 5 Rex Rex NNP 10170 211 6 Hartson Hartson NNP 10170 211 7 , , , 10170 211 8 Priya Priya NNP 10170 211 9 Shivakumar Shivakumar NNP 10170 211 10 , , , 10170 211 11 and and CC 10170 211 12 Manuel Manuel NNP 10170 211 13 A. A. NNP 10170 211 14 Pérez Pérez NNP 10170 211 15 - - HYPH 10170 211 16 Quiñones Quiñones NNP 10170 211 17 as as IN 10170 211 18 the the DT 10170 211 19 authors author NNS 10170 211 20 ] ] -RRB- 10170 211 21 17Todd 17todd CD 10170 211 22 Spires Spires NNP 10170 211 23 , , , 10170 211 24 “ " `` 10170 211 25 Handheld Handheld NNP 10170 211 26 Librarians Librarians NNPS 10170 211 27 : : : 10170 211 28 A a DT 10170 211 29 survey survey NN 10170 211 30 of of IN 10170 211 31 Librarian Librarian NNP 10170 211 32 and and CC 10170 211 33 Library Library NNP 10170 211 34 Patron Patron NNP 10170 211 35 Use Use NNP 10170 211 36 of of IN 10170 211 37 Wireless Wireless NNP 10170 211 38 Handheld Handheld NNP 10170 211 39 Devices Devices NNPS 10170 211 40 , , , 10170 211 41 ” " '' 10170 211 42 Internet Internet NNP 10170 211 43 Reference Reference NNP 10170 211 44 Services Services NNP 10170 211 45 Quarterly Quarterly NNP 10170 211 46 13 13 CD 10170 211 47 , , , 10170 211 48 no no UH 10170 211 49 . . . 10170 212 1 4 4 CD 10170 212 2 ( ( -LRB- 10170 212 3 2008 2008 CD 10170 212 4 ) ) -RRB- 10170 212 5 : : : 10170 212 6 287–309 287–309 CD 10170 212 7 , , , 10170 212 8 https://doi.org/10.1080/10875300802326327 https://doi.org/10.1080/10875300802326327 NNP 10170 212 9 . . . 10170 213 1 18 18 CD 10170 213 2 American American NNP 10170 213 3 Library Library NNP 10170 213 4 Association Association NNP 10170 213 5 , , , 10170 213 6 “ " `` 10170 213 7 Libraries librarie VBZ 10170 213 8 Connect Connect NNP 10170 213 9 Communities Communities NNPS 10170 213 10 2011 2011 CD 10170 213 11 - - SYM 10170 213 12 2012 2012 CD 10170 213 13 , , , 10170 213 14 ” " '' 10170 213 15 Last last JJ 10170 213 16 modified modify VBN 10170 213 17 June June NNP 10170 213 18 , , , 10170 213 19 2012 2012 CD 10170 213 20 , , , 10170 213 21 http://connect.ala.org/files/68293/2012.67B%20PLFTS%20Results.pdf http://connect.ala.org/files/68293/2012.67B%20PLFTS%20Results.pdf NNP 10170 213 22 . . . 10170 214 1 19Barry 19Barry NNP 10170 214 2 Trott Trott NNP 10170 214 3 and and CC 10170 214 4 Rebecca Rebecca NNP 10170 214 5 Jackson Jackson NNP 10170 214 6 , , , 10170 214 7 “ " `` 10170 214 8 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 214 9 Academic Academic NNP 10170 214 10 Libraries Libraries NNPS 10170 214 11 , , , 10170 214 12 ” " '' 10170 214 13 Reference Reference NNP 10170 214 14 & & CC 10170 214 15 User User NNP 10170 214 16 Services Services NNP 10170 214 17 Quarterly Quarterly NNP 10170 214 18 52 52 CD 10170 214 19 , , , 10170 214 20 no no UH 10170 214 21 . . . 10170 215 1 3 3 CD 10170 215 2 ( ( -LRB- 10170 215 3 2013 2013 CD 10170 215 4 ) ) -RRB- 10170 215 5 : : : 10170 215 6 174–78 174–78 CD 10170 215 7 . . . 10170 216 1 20 20 CD 10170 216 2 Liu Liu NNP 10170 216 3 and and CC 10170 216 4 Briggs Briggs NNP 10170 216 5 , , , 10170 216 6 “ " `` 10170 216 7 A a DT 10170 216 8 Library Library NNP 10170 216 9 in in IN 10170 216 10 the the DT 10170 216 11 Palm Palm NNP 10170 216 12 of of IN 10170 216 13 Your -PRON- PRP$ 10170 216 14 Hand Hand NNP 10170 216 15 . . . 10170 216 16 ” " '' 10170 216 17 21Bohyun 21Bohyun NNP 10170 216 18 Kim Kim NNP 10170 216 19 , , , 10170 216 20 “ " `` 10170 216 21 The the DT 10170 216 22 Present Present NNP 10170 216 23 and and CC 10170 216 24 Future Future NNP 10170 216 25 of of IN 10170 216 26 the the DT 10170 216 27 Library Library NNP 10170 216 28 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 216 29 Experience Experience NNP 10170 216 30 , , , 10170 216 31 ” " '' 10170 216 32 Library Library NNP 10170 216 33 Technology Technology NNP 10170 216 34 Reports report VBZ 10170 216 35 49 49 CD 10170 216 36 , , , 10170 216 37 no no UH 10170 216 38 . . . 10170 217 1 6 6 CD 10170 217 2 ( ( -LRB- 10170 217 3 2013 2013 CD 10170 217 4 ) ) -RRB- 10170 217 5 : : : 10170 217 6 15–28 15–28 LS 10170 217 7 . . . 10170 218 1 22Hannah 22Hannah NNP 10170 218 2 Gascho Gascho NNP 10170 218 3 Rempel Rempel NNP 10170 218 4 and and CC 10170 218 5 Laurie Laurie NNP 10170 218 6 Bridges Bridges NNP 10170 218 7 , , , 10170 218 8 “ " `` 10170 218 9 That that DT 10170 218 10 Was be VBD 10170 218 11 Then then RB 10170 218 12 , , , 10170 218 13 This this DT 10170 218 14 Is be VBZ 10170 218 15 Now now RB 10170 218 16 : : : 10170 218 17 Replacing replace VBG 10170 218 18 the the DT 10170 218 19 Mobile- Mobile- NNP 10170 218 20 Optimized Optimized NNP 10170 218 21 Site Site NNP 10170 218 22 with with IN 10170 218 23 Responsive responsive JJ 10170 218 24 Design design NN 10170 218 25 , , , 10170 218 26 ” " '' 10170 218 27 Information Information NNP 10170 218 28 Technology Technology NNP 10170 218 29 & & CC 10170 218 30 Libraries Libraries NNP 10170 218 31 32 32 CD 10170 218 32 , , , 10170 218 33 no no UH 10170 218 34 . . . 10170 219 1 4 4 CD 10170 219 2 ( ( -LRB- 10170 219 3 2013 2013 CD 10170 219 4 ) ) -RRB- 10170 219 5 : : : 10170 219 6 8–24 8–24 CD 10170 219 7 , , , 10170 219 8 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v32i4.4636 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v32i4.4636 ADD 10170 219 9 . . . 10170 220 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72037-9_13 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72037-9_13 LS 10170 220 2 https://confluence.ucop.edu/download/attachments/26476757/CDL+Mobile+Device+User+Research_final.pdf?version=1 https://confluence.ucop.edu/download/attachments/26476757/CDL+Mobile+Device+User+Research_final.pdf?version=1 NNP 10170 220 3 https://confluence.ucop.edu/download/attachments/26476757/CDL+Mobile+Device+User+Research_final.pdf?version=1 https://confluence.ucop.edu/download/attachments/26476757/CDL+Mobile+Device+User+Research_final.pdf?version=1 NNP 10170 220 4 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v34i2.5650 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v34i2.5650 NNP 10170 220 5 https://doi.org/10.18785/slis.0401.08 https://doi.org/10.18785/slis.0401.08 VBZ 10170 220 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00799-003-0074-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00799-003-0074-4 CD 10170 220 7 https://doi.org/10.1080/10875300802326327 https://doi.org/10.1080/10875300802326327 NN 10170 220 8 http://connect.ala.org/files/68293/2012.67B%20PLFTS%20Results.pdf http://connect.ala.org/files/68293/2012.67B%20PLFTS%20Results.pdf NNP 10170 220 9 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v32i4.4636 https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v32i4.4636 NNP 10170 220 10 ABSTRACT ABSTRACT NNP 10170 220 11 INTRODUCTION introduction NN 10170 220 12 LITERATURE LITERATURE NNP 10170 220 13 REVIEW REVIEW NNP 10170 220 14 Definition Definition NNP 10170 220 15 and and CC 10170 220 16 Types Types NNPS 10170 220 17 of of IN 10170 220 18 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 220 19 Devices Devices NNPS 10170 220 20 and and CC 10170 220 21 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 220 22 Services Services NNPS 10170 220 23 Status Status NNP 10170 220 24 of of IN 10170 220 25 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 220 26 Services Services NNPS 10170 220 27 in in IN 10170 220 28 US US NNP 10170 220 29 Libraries Libraries NNPS 10170 220 30 RESEARCH research NN 10170 220 31 DESIGN design NN 10170 220 32 Survey survey NN 10170 220 33 Samples sample NNS 10170 220 34 Survey Survey NNP 10170 220 35 Methods method NNS 10170 220 36 RESULTS result NNS 10170 220 37 AND and CC 10170 220 38 ANALYSIS analysis VBP 10170 220 39 How how WRB 10170 220 40 Many many JJ 10170 220 41 Libraries library NNS 10170 220 42 Provide provide VBP 10170 220 43 Mobile mobile NN 10170 220 44 Services service NNS 10170 220 45 ? ? . 10170 221 1 What what WP 10170 221 2 Content Content NNP 10170 221 3 do do VBP 10170 221 4 the the DT 10170 221 5 Mobile mobile JJ 10170 221 6 Websites website NNS 10170 221 7 Offer offer VB 10170 221 8 ? ? . 10170 222 1 What what WP 10170 222 2 Content Content NNP 10170 222 3 do do VBP 10170 222 4 the the DT 10170 222 5 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 222 6 Apps Apps NNP 10170 222 7 Offer Offer NNP 10170 222 8 ? ? . 10170 223 1 What what WP 10170 223 2 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 223 3 Reference Reference NNP 10170 223 4 Services Services NNPS 10170 223 5 do do VBP 10170 223 6 Libraries library NNS 10170 223 7 Provide provide VB 10170 223 8 ? ? . 10170 224 1 What what WP 10170 224 2 Social Social NNP 10170 224 3 Media Media NNP 10170 224 4 do do VBP 10170 224 5 the the DT 10170 224 6 Libraries library NNS 10170 224 7 Use use VB 10170 224 8 ? ? . 10170 225 1 What what WP 10170 225 2 Mobile Mobile NNP 10170 225 3 Reservation Reservation NNP 10170 225 4 Services Services NNPS 10170 225 5 do do VBP 10170 225 6 Libraries library NNS 10170 225 7 Provide provide VB 10170 225 8 ? ? . 10170 226 1 How how WRB 10170 226 2 Many many JJ 10170 226 3 Libraries library NNS 10170 226 4 Provide provide VBP 10170 226 5 Mobile mobile NN 10170 226 6 Printing printing NN 10170 226 7 ? ? . 10170 227 1 What what WP 10170 227 2 Apps Apps NNP 10170 227 3 or or CC 10170 227 4 Databases database NNS 10170 227 5 do do VBP 10170 227 6 Libraries library NNS 10170 227 7 Provide provide VB 10170 227 8 for for IN 10170 227 9 Patrons patron NNS 10170 227 10 ? ? . 10170 228 1 CONCLUSION conclusion NN 10170 228 2 Acknowledgements acknowledgement NNS 10170 228 3 REFERENCES reference NNS